BIBLIOGRAPHY BAWAS, DOMINGO ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BAWAS, DOMINGO B. APRIL 2011 Performance of Actors in the Spot
Market Chain for Chayote Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Leopoldo N. Tagarino, MRSM (Agribusiness)
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess the chain actors in the spot market chain for
chayote as well as to determine whether there are differences in performance among the
chain actors.
Respondents give much importance on reliability regarding on quality of chayote
supplied in the market and their satisfaction to fulfill the orders and deliveries of chayote
when needed. However, dealing with different people, we cannot avoid little conflict on
transactions but as long as humbleness is their; understanding will due. Furthermore,
exerting effort will proved that you really love the business and it shows your seriousness
to that business. In delivering a product, you must to be on time in order to have a good
performance. To be honest always in dealing with everybody established a good
partnership. The findings of the study are indicative of a very good performance of the
different chain actors in relation to product quality, flexibility and efficiency and a
satisfactory performance as to responsiveness. These different chain actors should uphold
their performance in their vegetable trading business in order to maintain their
organization.
1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Cordillera Administrative Region is one of the producers of chayote in Benguet.
Chayote is grown especially in the Benguet, municipality of Kibungan, Atok, Kapangan,
Tuba and La Trinidad in the Philippines. Farmers in Benguet usually transport and sell
their products.
In the spot market, Farmers are price takers where in Traders, assemblers,
wholesalers, truckers dictates the price of fresh vegetables. Farmers shouldered the
grading losses in the marketing due to perish ability and spoilage of the product. They
bring the product to the market and sell to their suppliers. Most often farmers sell their
products to traders for a better price and convenience.
About 85% of the vegetables in the Metro Manila transport comes from Benguet,
yet the farmers remain poor Surveys and consultation with farmers show that there is a
serious problem in marketing and that greater chunk of the peso income derives from
vegetable farming is shared by the traders/key actors, putting farmers at their mercy.
Other factors may be due to the absence of an efficient market network coupled with the
absence of communication facilities and credit assistance to farmers.
In the year 2009, chayote production in Atok is 9,063.50 metric tons with a
production area of 51.50 ha compared with municipality of Kapangan which produce
475.60 metric tons with an area of 13.21 ha. Kibungan produces about 29,934.08 metric
ton in a total production area of 59.69 ha. The municipality of La Trinidad also produces
101,233.73 metric tons with a production area of 37.76 ha. And Tuba produces 712.00
metric tons with a production area of 39.56ha.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Statement of the Problem
. 1. What is the performance of the actors in the spot market chain for chayote.
2. What are the differences among the chain actors in the spot market chain?
Objectives of the Study
1. To identify the performance of the actors in the spot market chain for
chayote.
2. To determine whether there are differences in performance among the chain
actors in the spot market chain for chayote.
Importance of the Study
The study will provide the needed information about performance of chayote spot
markets specifically to determine the efficiency, flexibility, responsiveness and food
quality of chain actors in the spot market. Furthermore, the study will look into the
differences among chain actors and comparison of performance of various sectors using
the four dimensions of measuring performance. Results of the study can be an input for
market planning or in the formulation of policies that can improved the supply chain and
marketing system of chayote in the spot market.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focuses on the spot market of chayote. Specifically on the efficiency,
flexibility, responsiveness and quality of chain actors in the spot market of chayote.
The study will be conducted on October to December 2010, at the spot markets
of chayote in La Trinidad, Pangasinan and Metro Manila. The total numbers of
respondents are one hundred seventy three.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Background of the Study
Pricing is considered by many to be the key activity within the free enterprise
system. Product price influences wages, rent, interest and profits. That is the price of the
product influences the price paid for the factors of production like labor, land, capital and
entrepreneurship. Price is the basis in the regulatory of economic system because it
influences the allocation of those factors of production, high cost of wage attracts labor;
high interest rates attract capital, and so on. In the allocation of scarce resources, price is
determined with the produced (supply) and who will get the product that is produced
(demand).
In the Philippines, losses incurred during shipping, storing and distributing of
commodities are extremely high. Scientific packing and refrigeration of fresh vegetable
have not been practiced widely despite of many factors which will help in the fast
deterioration of fresh vegetable like insects, bacteria, fungi and excessive heat and
mechanical injuries with either crush or infect fresh vegetable thereby reducing the market
price considering also the transportation facilities and road conditions especially here in the
CAR (Buena, 2004). Chayote marketing system is composed of eight major types of
participants namely (1) producers; (2) input suppliers; (3) growers; (4) traders; (5)
transporters; (6) processors; (7) institutional buyers; (8) household consumers (FRLD,
1995).
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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The impact of supply chain linkages on operational and business performance has
been the subject of a number of empirical studies. These studies have encompassed a
variety of supply chain definitions, performance measures and methodologies (Fynes et
al., 2005). For instance, Carter and Ellram (1994) found that supplier involvement in
product design has a positive impact on product quality using a case study design.
Narasimhan and Jayaran (1998) examined relationship between sourcing decisions,
manufacturing goals, customer’s responsiveness and manufacturing performance using
structural equation modelling. They found that integrating supply chain activities
involves aligning sourcing decisions to achieve manufacturing goals in terms of
dependability, flexibility, cost and quality. Likewise, Carr and Pearson (1999) found that
strategically managed long-term relationships with key suppliers can have a positive
impact on financial (as distinct from manufacturing) performance. Kaynak and Pagán
(2003) using stochastic frontier modelling, found that characteristics internal to the firm
such as top management commitment to purchasing and supply management had a
positive effective on production efficiency. Likewise, Salvador et al. 2001 found that
when buyers and suppliers interact on issues related to material flows and quality, there
are significant effects in terms of speed and delivery punctuality. More recently, Tan et
al. (2002) develop a comprehensive set of supply chain practice and supply chain
performance metrics and found that while some practices had a positive effect on
performance, others had an adverse effect.
Performance can be characterized cost factor and service factor. In the cost factor
the cost of inventory, transportation, facilities and handling cost and information
infrastructure and the service factor consider the response time, product variety, product
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
5
availability and return ability (Hongze Ma, 2005). Performance measurement as a subject
involves the development of goals and their related measures, as well as the appropriate
mechanisms of feedback. It must therefore reflect the operating assumptions of the
organization, in terms of culture, strategy and operational processes. This requires the
identification of the pressures, which the organization faces, both internal and external,
and should consequently lead to a set of action plans for specific areas of organizations
(Hines et al. 2000). Performance measurement of any activity should be designed to
bring about improvement in that activity, highlighting variances over time, and enabling a
more efficient allocation of resources (Geanuracos and Meikklejohn, 1994).
Performance metrics are necessary to confirm that the supply chain is functioning
as expected, or that there are problems that must be addressed. There are several
measures that can be used that relate to such things as late deliveries, inventory turnover,
response time, quality issues, and so on in the retail sector, the fill rate (the percentage of
demand filled from stock on hand) is often very important. Another approach is to use the
Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model. The SCOR model reflects an effort
to standardize measurement of supply chain performance.
Aramyan et al. (2006), summarized the different methods to assess supply chain
performance, the advantages and disadvantages of each method; and developed a
conceptual framework for agri-food supply chain performance indicators. The categories
are chosen from the literature review on supply chain performance measures from
different sectors and these include efficiency, flexibility, responsiveness and food quality.
Flexibility- Flexibility indicates the degree to which supply chain can respond to
changing environment and extraordinary customer service requests (Aramyam, 2007).
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
6
Responsiveness- Responsiveness aims at providing the requested products with a
short lead time. Salvador et al. (2001) found that when buyers and suppliers interact on
issues related to material flows and quality, there are significant effects in terms of speed
and delivery punctuality.
Product Quality- (Luning et al., 2002) consists of product safety and health; the
sensory properties and shell life and; product reliability and convenience.
Efficiency- Efficiency measures how well the resources are utilized (Lai et al.,
2002) which include production costs, profit, return on investment and inventory.
Measurement of efficiency of individual supply chain members can be derived from the
contribution ratio (Sijses, 2004). Grimsdell (1996) identified the fundamental
requirements for efficient supply performance between agricultural growers and
consumers as: scale of operation; producer flexibility; continuity of supply; quality
control; strategic alliances; and communications.
Definition of Terms
Producers or Farmers – the one who produces the commodities.
Wholesaler – refers to middle men who directly sell chayote to retailers in
wholesale basis.
Assembler-wholesaler – they are the one who assemble the product to make it in
large quantity.
Truckers or viajeros – they are in charge of carrying the product to put it in the
spot markets.
Retailers – refers to the individuals who market chayote directly to ultimate
consumers.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Spot market – place where the product are being delivered and sold
Flexibility - respond to changing environment.
Responsiveness – the ability of a system to adjust quickly to a situation and to
resume stable operation without undue delay.
Product quality - consists of product safety and health; the sensory properties and
shell life and; product reliability and convenience.
Efficiency – ability to accomplish a job with a minimum expenditure of time and
effort.
Chain
Characteristics
Farmers
Dimension of
Performance
Flexibility
Assembler-
Wholesalers
Output
Responsiveness
Performance profile
Trucker-
Wholesale rs
Differences in
Quality Satisfaction
performance of the
Wholesalers
actors in chayote spot
market
Efficiency
Wholesale r-
Retailers
Retailers
Figure 1. Conceptual framework
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The research locations followed the geographic flow of fresh semi-temperate from
the major source (production) to the major market assembly and collection, and the
geographic distribution markets. However, the research coverage areas were limited to
selected production and marketing areas.
The primary markets (assembly/collection) were concentrated in La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Secondary markets (distribution) are the major vegetables trading centers
(commonly called “bagsakan”) in Metro Manila such as Balintawak, Marikina, Pasay,
Divisoria, Blumentritt, Dapitan, Kamuning and Novaliches
The tertiary markets include the retailers within these trading centers and other
retail market outlets. The research also covered other major marketing areas like the
Urdaneta market as a primary and secondary market outlets where traders from other
provinces in the Central Luzon Region converge to buy/sell all kinds of vegetables.
Respondents of the Study
Respondents of the study are the different chain actors involved in marketing of
chayote in the spot markets. There will be one hundred seventy three (173)
intermediaries involve in marketing of chayote such as thirty (30) producers, thirty five
(35) assemblers or collectors, sixty (60) distributors and forty eight (48) retailers.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Data Gathering Procedure
The data gathered was done through personal interview with the aid of guide
questionnaires. Data was validated.
Data Gathered
The data gathered was the performance of chain actors in chayote spot
market chains in terms of efficiency, flexibility, responsiveness and food quality.
Data Analysis
The data was tabulated in excel program and analyzed using the SPSS version 16.
Frequency counts, average and percentage were used for descriptive analysis while
Kruskal Wallis for statistical test.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Demographic Profile of Respondents
The respondents profile of chayote according to socio demographic status from
La Trinidad to Manila. Table 1 presents the respondents characterized based on their age,
gender, marital status, religious affiliation and educational background.
Age. Majority of the farmer are in the bracket of 21-30 years old while the
Trucker-Wholesaler age range from 31-40 years old. It could be noted that there are also
respondents like the Assembler-Wholesaler and Retailer age ranging from 41-60. The
data revealed that anybody regardless of age could engage into chayote business.
Gender and marital status. Farmer(F), Assembler-Wholesaler(AW) Trucker-
Wholesaler(TW) is dominated by male actors while the other group of respondents are
dominated by female so this implies that the differences in gender implies that there are
variation in the functions of activities of the respondents.
Marital status the Production, Assembly TW, WR is mostly married however
among the W majority are single furthermore it could be observe that there are also
separated or widowed respondents. This means that regardless of marital status
individuals could engage into chayote business.
Religious affiliation. Majority of the respondents were Catholic followed by the
Protestants and with the least number of other religious affiliation.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Table 1. Respondents profile
PRODUCTI
ASSEMBLY
DISTRIBUTION
RETAILING
ON
CHARACTERIS
Farmer
A-W
F-A-W
T-W
W
W-R
Retailer
TICS
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
AGE
20 and
0
0
2
11
0
0
0
0
3
21
3
9
0
0
below
21-30
14
47
6
32
3
19
4
36
5
36 13 37
11
23
31-40
10
33
5
26
7
44
5
45
1
7
12 34
10
21
41-50
5
17
3
16
4
25
1
9
3
21
2
6
18
38
51-60
1
3
3
16
2
13
1
9
2
14
3
9
7
15
60 and
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
4
below
TOTAL
30
100
19
10
16 10
11 100 14 10
35 10
48
100
0
0
0
0
GENDER
Male
27
90
13
68
5
31
7
64
4
29 12 34
9
19
Female
3
10
6
32 11 69
4
36
10 71 23 66
39
81
TOTAL
30
100
19
10
16 10
11 100 14 10
35 10
48
100
0
0
0
0
MARITAL
STATUS
Single
9
30
2
11
1
6
5
45
7
50 16 46
9
19
Married
21
70
17
89 14 88
6
55
6
43 18 51
38
79
Separated
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
Widow/er
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
1
3
0
0
TOTAL
30
100
19
10
16 10
11 100 14 10
35 10
48
100
0
0
0
0
RELIGION
Cathol
22
73
14
74 10 63 11 100 13 93 26
74
41
85
ic
Protest
8
27
3
16
5
31
0
0
2
14
7
20
5
10
ant
Others
0
0
2
11
1
6
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
4
TOTAL
30
100
19
10
16 10
11 100 14 10
35 100
48
10
0
0
0
0
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Eleme
9
30
2
11
4
25
2
18
2
14
6
17
7
15
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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ntary
High
14
47
9
47
4
25
3
27
5
36 14
40
29
60
School
Colleg
7
23
8
42
8
50
6
55
7
50 13
37
10
21
e
Vocati
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
6
2
4
onal
TOTAL
30
100
19
10
16 10
11 100 14 10
35 100
48
10
0
0
0
0
numerical and descriptive value
1-strongly disagree
2-moderately disagree
3-undecided
4-moderately agree
5-strongly agree
Educational background. For production, assembly, WR, and R majority are high
school graduate while the FAW, TW and W attained college education but it could also
observe that among the different groups have elementary education. Data further revealed
that all the respondents are literate, thus it is important that they can do the business.
Number of Years Engage in Vegetable Business
Table 2 shows that majority of the respondents engage into business with 5 years
or least while the FAW and WR majority of them engage in 1-5 years while the F, AW
and R were engage in business from 6-10 years. The data further reveals that other
respondents were engage in vegetable business for 11 years.
Organizational Affiliations of Respondents
Most of the respondents were not affiliated to any organization but representative
number of respondents from the different groups indicates their affiliation to cooperatives
this means that most of the respondents may never appreciated the important of
organization to their business undertakings.
Table 2. Number of years engaged in vegetable business
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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PRODUCTION
ASSEMBLY
DISTRIBUTION
RETAILING
CHARACTERISTICS
F
A-W
F-A-W
T-W
W
W-R
R
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
Below 1 y
ear
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
6
43
5
14
2
5
1-5 years
9
30
8
4
6
38
4
36
6
43
11 31
1
2
6-10 years
11
37
5
26
2
13
3
27
1
7
8
23
12
28
11-15 years
6
20
3
16
6
38
4
36
0
0
5
14
8
19
16-20 years
2
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
4
9
21-25 years
1
3
1
5
1
6
0
0
0
0
1
3
11
26
26-30 years
1
3
1
5
1
6
0
0
1
7
1
3
9
21
31 and above
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
9
1
2
TOTAL
30
100
19
100 16 100 11 100 14 100 35 100
48
100
Table 3. Organizational affiliation
PRODUCTION
ASSEMBLY
DISTRIBUTION
RETAILING
ORGANIZATIONS
F
A-W
F-A-W
T-W
W
W-R
R
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
Farmer's Organization
3
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
14
0
0
0
0
Cooperative
2
7
2
11
4
25
3
28
1
7
6
17
2
4
Others
0
0
3
16
2
13
3
27
0
0
3
9
5
10
None
25
83
14
74
10
63
5
45
11 79
26
74
41
85
TOTAL
30
100 19 100 16 100 11 100 14 100 35 100 48
100
Spot Market Chain for chayote
Figure 2 shows the different chain actors playing in the chayote spot market. It
shows whom the different market intermediaries’ trade within the procurement and
selling of chayote. This therefore shows the flow of chayote in the spot market from its
point of production to the final consumer.
It was shown in the result that farmers have access to the different buyers in the
spot market. Farmers can sell the produced cabbage with any of the buyers in La Trinidad
Trading Post such assembler-wholesalers, financier assembler wholesalers, trucker
wholesalers, wholesalers and wholesaler-retailer and retailers. However some of them
can access to buyers on other selling place such Urdaneta and Balintawak.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Further the result shows that there are many spot market chain for chayote such:
from farmers to assembler-wholesalers, financier assembler wholesalers, trucker
wholesalers, wholesalers and wholesaler-retailer and retailers with in La Trinidad
Trading Post implies that chain actors can produce/ procure or sell the chayote with in La
Trinidad Trading Post.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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F
F
PTC
LTVTP
A-W
F-A-W
A-W
F-A-W
LTVTP
LTVTP
BALINTAWAK
BALINTAWAK
A-W
F-A-W-R
PTC
LTVTP
T-W
BALINTAWAK
T-W
LTVTP
A-W
W
W
URDANETA, PANG.
BALINTAWAK
BALINTAWAK
F-A-W
W-R
W-R
URDANETA, PANG.
LTVTP
W
METRO MANILA
METRO MANILA
W-R
R
URDANETA, PANG.
LTVTP
R
METRO MANILA
W-R
METRO MANILA
CONSUMERS
URDANETA, PANG.
R
URDANETA, PANG.
CONSUMERS
LTVTP
CONSUMERS
METRO MANILA
LEGEND:
F (Farmer) A-W (Assembler-Wholesaler) F-A-W (Financier- Assembler-Wholesaler)
F-A-W-R (Financier-Assembler-Wholesaler-Retailer) T-W (Trucker-Wholesaler)
W (Wholesaler W-R (Wholesaler-Retailer) R (Retailer)
LTVTP (La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post) Metro Manila
PTC (Private Trading Center)
Balintawak
Urdaneta, Pangasinan
Figure 2. Spot market chain and location for chayote
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Moreover spot market chain for chayote flows from farmer in LTVTP to
assembler-wholesalers, financier assembler wholesalers, trucker wholesalers, wholesalers
and wholesaler-retailer and retailers in Urdaneta Trading Post shows that through chain
actors cabbage are available to different selling place or spot market.
T-W from LTVTP are supplied by farmers and A-W either from private and non
private. The procured cabbage is distributed by the T-W to W in Balintawak, W-R and R
in Urdaneta market.
Financier assembler wholesaler in LTVTP sells the procured chayote to chain
actors T-W and W-R in LTVTP.
W-R in LTVTP directly buy/procure chayote from A-W aside from farmers and
the sell to retailer and end users in the same place.
Other spot market chain for chayote follow the flow from farmers from LTVTP to
assembler-wholesalers, trucker wholesalers and wholesalers in Balintawak, from
Balintawak chain actors wholesaler retailer and retailer procure or buy produced chayote
that this chain actors will sale in Metro Manila.
F-A-W in Balintawak access or procure chayote from farmers from LTVTP and
sell to T-W from this T-W in Balintawak. The T-W distributes it to W in Balintawak and
Metro Manila and to W-R as well.
The wholesaler-retailer in Metro Manila procures the chayote from Balintawak
wholesaler and trucker wholesaler. Wholesaler-retailer sells the procured chayote to some
wholesaler-retailer and retailers.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Product Quality Satisfaction
Table 4a shows that most of the respondents are moderately agree that the quality
of product they produced/ procure sold meet their expe3ctation, further FAW and TW
strongly agree, while W were undecided . The average shows that majority of the
respondents moderately agree. Moreover based on the descriptive analysis, mean of 3.95,
indicates that most of the actors are undecided , as further supported by the test statistic
which implies that there is insignificant different among respondent (chain actors) thus
they have common understanding on the set criteria as to the quality of product quality
meet their expectation. Thus the statement is not important as criteria in measuring
product quality.
Majority of the respondents are moderately agreed that the quality of chayote
meets the buyers’ requirement since they are the one in charge about the production of
the product. Moreover based on the descriptive analysis having a mean of 3.80 indicates
that the respondents moderately agree. These further supported by test statistic which
shows that there is common understanding among the chain actors since the result reveals
the insignificant analysis.
Most of the respondents moderately agree that the volume produce meets the
buyers’ expectation. The respondents (financer-assembler-wholesaler and wholesaler-
retailer) strongly agree, but in contrast the respondent (wholesalers) is unsure. The
average reveals that most of the respondents moderately agree to these criteria.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
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Table 4a. Distribution of respondents according to product quality Satisfaction
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N % N % N % N % AVE
FARMER
1. The quality of chayote I produce/
0 0
0
0
9 30 15 50 6 20
4
procure/sold meets my expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered meets
the buyer’s requirements.
0 0
1
3
8 27 16 53 5 17
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0 0
0
0 12 40 13 43 5 17
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
0 0
9 30 14 46 4 13 3 10
3
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
1 3
6 20 7 23 14 47 2
6
3
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to buyers
on credit arrangement.
5 16 7 23 13 43 4 13 1
3
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in the
market is reliable.
0 0
1
3
5 17 15 50 9 30
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0 0
0
0
7 36 7 36 5 26
4
quality/quantity.
ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
2. The quality of chayote I produce/
0 0
0
0
4 21 12 63 3 15
4
procure/sold meets my expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered meets
the buyer’s requirements.
0 0
0
0
5 26 10 52 4 21
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0 0
0
0
3 15 10 52 6 31
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
1 5
0
0
2 10 10 52 6 31
4
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
0 0
1
5
4 21 5 26 9 47
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to buyers
on credit arrangement.
0 0 10 52 5 26 3 15 1
5
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in the
market is reliable.
0 0
0
0
3 15 10 52 6 31
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0 0
0
0
7 36 7 36 5 26
4
quality/quantity.
numerical and descriptive value
1-strongly disagree
2-moderately disagree
3-undecided
4-moderately agree
5-strongly agree
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
18
Table 4a. Continued…
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
AVE
FINANCER-ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
3. The quality of chayote I produce/
0
0
0
0
2
12
6
37
8
50
4
procure/sold meets my expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered meets
the buyer’s requirements.
0
0
1
6
2
12
7
43
6
37
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0
0
0
0
1
6
7
43
8
50
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery targets.
0
0
1
6
7
43
4
25
4
25
4
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
0
0
2
12
2
12
4
25
8
50
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to buyers
on credit arrangement.
4
25
5
31
4
25
2
12
1
6
2
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in the
market is reliable.
0
0
0
0
1
6
9
56
6
37
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0
0
1
6
3
19
9
56
3
19
4
quality/quantity.
TRUCKER-WHOLESALER
4. The quality of chayote I produce/
0
0
0
0
4
36
2
18
5
45
4
procure/sold meets my expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered meets
the buyer’s requirements.
0
0
0
0
4
36
5
45
2
18
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
54
5
45
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery targets.
0
0
2
18
1
9
3
27
5
45
4
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
0
0
1
9
1
9
3
27
6
54
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to buyers
on credit arrangement.
2
18
3
27
4
36
1
9
1
9
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in the
market is reliable.
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
72
3
27
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0
0
0
0
3
27
5
45
3
27
4
quality/quantity.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
19
Table 4a. Continued…
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N % N
% N % N % AVE
WHOLESALER
1. The quality of chayote I
produce/procure/sold meets my
1
7
0
0
6
43 4 29 3 21
4
expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered
meets the buyer’s requirements.
0
0
1
7
5
36 6 43 2 14
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0
0
1
7
5
36 3 21 5 36
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
0
0
5 36 3
21 4 29 2 14
3
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
1
7
2 14 2
14 5 36 4 29
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to
buyers on credit arrangement.
3 21 1
7
7
50 1
7
2 14
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in
the market is reliable.
0
0
0
0
4
29 7 50 3 21
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0
0
0
0
5
36 5 36 4 29
4
quality/quantity.
WHOLESALER-RETAILER
1. The quality of chayote I
produce/procure/sold meets my
0
0
1
3
6 17 19 54 9 26
4
expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered
meets the buyer’s requirements.
0
0
1
3
7 20 22 63 5 14
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the
0
0
1
3
7 20 13 37 14 40
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
0
0
4 11 7 20 16 45 8 23
4
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
0
0
1
3 11 31 9 26 14 40
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to
buyers on credit arrangement.
2
6
6 17 10 29 12 34 5 14
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in
the market is reliable.
0
0
0
0
6 18 18 51 11 31
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0
0
1
3 11 31 16 46 7 20
4
quality/quantity.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
20
Table 4a. Continued…
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N % N
% N % N % AVE
WHOLESALER
1. The quality of chayote I
produce/procure/sold meets my
1
7
0
0
6
43 4 29 3 21
4
expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered
meets the buyer’s requirements.
0
0
1
7
5
36 6 43 2 14
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0
0
1
7
5
36 3 21 5 36
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
0
0
5 36 3
21 4 29 2 14
3
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
1
7
2 14 2
14 5 36 4 29
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to
buyers on credit arrangement.
3 21 1
7
7
50 1
7
2 14
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in
the market is reliable.
0
0
0
0
4
29 7 50 3 21
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0
0
0
0
5
36 5 36 4 29
4
quality/quantity.
WHOLESALER-RETAILER
1. The quality of chayote I
produce/procure/sold meets my
0
0
1
3
6 17 19 54 9 26
4
expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered
meets the buyer’s requirements.
0
0
1
3
7 20 22 63 5 14
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the
0
0
1
3
7 20 13 37 14 40
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
0
0
4 11 7 20 16 45 8 23
4
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
0
0
1
3 11 31 9 26 14 40
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to
buyers on credit arrangement.
2
6
6 17 10 29 12 34 5 14
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in
the market is reliable.
0
0
0
0
6 18 18 51 11 31
4
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of product, price, and
0
0
1
3 11 31 16 46 7 20
4
quality/quantity.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
21
Table 4a. Continued…
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N % N % N % N % AVE
RETAILER
1. The quality of chayote I
produce/procure/sold meets my
0
0
2
4 13 27 23 48 10 21
4
expectation.
2. The quality of chayote delivered
meets the buyer’s requirements.
2
4
1
2 17 35 22 46 6 13
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
1
2
5 10 7 15 22 46 13 27
4
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery
6 13 3
6 16 33 15 31 8 17
3
targets.
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and
deliveries of chayote when needed.
6 13 6 13 8 17 14 29 14 29
4
6. I am satisfied selling chayote to
buyers on credit arrangement.
13 27 7 15 17 35 11 23 0
0
3
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in
the market is reliable.
0
0
3
6
9 19 25 52 11 23
4
8.The buyers are always satisfied as to
variety of the product, price and
0
0
1
2 17 35 18 38 12 25
4
quality/quantity.
Basing on the descriptive analysis having a mean of 4.01 implies that on this
criteria the respondents moderately agree as supported by the test statistic which shows
that there is a significant difference among the respondents which explains that the
respondents have different standards or measurement as to volume produced.
Most of the respondents are undecided to the production or delivery target while
assembler-wholesaler and wholesaler-retailer are strongly agree on it. Trucker-wholesaler
is strongly agreed in achieving their production since the product that they deliver meets
their target. The total average implies that majority of the respondents are undecided.
Moreover looking into the descriptive analysis a mean of 3.51 implies that the test
statistic that there are significance difference among the chain actors as to the
understanding of delivery.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
22
Majority of the respondents moderately agree were most of them are satisfied that
delivering the orders when needed since the respondents find time to deliver however the
respondent respondents on the assembly strongly agree. The average revealed that most
of the respondents moderately agree that they fulfill the orders and deliveries. Moreover
as shown in the descriptive analysis having a mean of 3.76 that is supported by the test
statistic this proves that there is significant difference among the understanding of the
chain actors.
The respondents (farmer, trucker-wholesaler, wholesaler, and retailer) mostly are
undecided due to the reason that sometimes selling vegetables to buyers on credit
arrangement as for the reason that some buyers act opportunistically. As to the
respondents (assembler-wholesaler and financer-assembler-wholesaler) that also
undecided since sometimes they contradict which each others. Wholesaler-retailer
moderately agreed since most of them are satisfied with the payment term made the
buyers (credit arrangement). On the average shows that majority of the respondents were
undecided in selling chayote to buyers on credit arrangement. Moreover the descriptive
analysis having a mean of 2.79 shows that respondents are undecide3d as further
supported by the test statistics there is an insignificant difference among respondents
understanding in measuring product quality.
Majority of the respondents moderately agree as to the quality of vegetables
(chayote) that they produced which is reliable in the market, while respondent
(wholesaler-retailer) are undecided as for sometimes the chayote produced in the market
are not always available with its quality as well. The average implies that majority of
respondents moderately agree as to the quality of vegetables (chayote) produced. Based
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
23
on the descriptive analysis having a mean of 3.02 that is further supported by the test
statistics that shows that there is an insignificant difference among the chain actors,
means that criteria is not so important on measuring product quality.
Almost most of the respondents, like the (FAW, AW, TW, W and R.) moderately
agree that the product (chayote) satisfy the buyers as to variety. However (WR) disagree
for the reason that they are not satisfied due to the fluctuating change of price in the
market. On the total average shows that majority of the respondents moderately agree as
to the satisfaction derived in the quality of the product. Based on the descriptive analysis
having a mean of 3.02 that is further supported by the test statistic implies that there is an
insignificant difference among respondents understanding.
Table 4b. Descriptive analysis and test statistics
STATEMENT
MEAN
CHI-SQUARE
DF
ASYMP. SIG.
1. The quality of chayote I produce/procure/sold meets
my expectation.
3.95
2.814
3
0.421
2. The quality of chayote delivered meets the buyer’s
requirements.
3.80
4.579
3
0.205
3. I am satisfied with the volume I produce/procure or
sold to the buyer.
4.01
9.333
3
0.025*
4. I always achieve my production/procurement/delivery
targets.
3.51
14.405
3
0.002**
5. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and deliveries of
chayote when needed.
3.76
13.227
3
0.004**
6. I am satisfied selling vegetables to buyers on credit
arrangement.
3.79
6.100
3
0.107
7. The quality of chayote I supplied in the market is
reliable.
2.06
2.910
3
0.406
8. The buyers are always satisfied as to variety of
product, price, and quality/quantity.
3.82
6.540
3
0.088
*significant ** highly significant
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
24
Distribution of Respondents
According to Flexibility
Table 5a implies that the respondents (AW, FAW, TW, WR,) strongly agree that
they can produced/procured the desired volume of chayote when the buyers needed it
since they have available product to produce. On the other hand on the respondent
(farmers moderately agree on the statement while retailer were not sure due to the reason
that sometimes retailer lack volume of product as to the insufficient supply on the market.
The average shows that majority of the respondents moderately agree that they
produced/procured the desired volume of chayote when the buyers needed it.
Furthermore, based on the descriptive analysis with mean of 3.55 that was supported by
the test statistic which implies that there is significant difference among chain actors that
they gave much important criteria in measuring performance flexibility.
F, AW, and R moderately agree that the income receive by them is adequately
rewarding, while FAW, TW and WR strongly agree. Shows that not all of them are
satisfied with the rate of return they receive in trading on the business operation. The
average implies that most of the respondents strongly agree. Moreover based on the
descriptive analysis having a mean of 3.96, which is supported by the test statistics that
implies significant differences among the actors that give importance in measuring
product flexibility criteria.
Majority of the F, AW, FAW, TW, WR and R moderately agree that they exert
effort to reduce the cost of production. Shows that all of them are satisfied with the
income they receive. The total average implies that most of them moderately agree in
exerting effort to reduce the cost of production. Moreover based on the descriptive
analysis having a mean of 4 that was supported by the test statistics implies that there is
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
25
Table 5a. Distribution of respondents according to flexibility
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N % N % N % N % AVE
FARMER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
3 10 9 30 11 37 5 17 2
7
3
when buyers needed it.
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
2 7 3 10 5 17 14 47 6
20
4
volume and quality when buyers demand it.
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
2 7 0 0
7 23 21 70 0
0
4
regardless of quantity and quality.
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict
in the business transaction.
0 0 5 17 15 50 8 27 2
7
3
ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
0
0 1
5
6 32
6 32 6
32
4
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
volume and quality when buyers demand it. 0
0 0
0
5 26
9 47 5
26
4
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
0
0 0
0
5 26 10 53 4
21
4
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict
in the business transaction.
1 5 1 5
6 32 10 53 1
5
4
FINANCER-ASSEMBLER WHOLESALER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
0
0 1
6
3 19
6 38 6
38
4
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
volume and quality when buyers demand it. 0
0 1
6
0
0
7 44 8
50
4
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
1
6 0
0
3 19
6 38 6
38
4
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict
in the business transaction.
1 6 0 0
6 38 5 31 4
25
4
TRUCKER-WHOLESALER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
1
9 1 9
2 18 2 18 5 45
4
numerical and descriptive value
1 = strongly disagree
2 = moderately disagree
3 = undecided
4 = moderately Agree 5 = strongly Agree
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
26
Table 5a. Continued…
STATEMENT
1
2
3
4
5
N % N % N % N % N % AVE.
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
volume and quality when buyers demand it.
0 0 1 9 1 9 2 18 7 64
4
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
0 0 0 0 2 18 6 55 3 27
4
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict in
the business transaction.
1 9 0 0 2 18 6 55 2 18
4
WHOLESALER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
1 7 1 7 3 21 5 36 4 29
4
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
volume and quality when buyers demand it. 1 7 0 0
3 21 5 36 5 36
4
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
0 0 1 7
4 29 4 29 5 36
4
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict in
the business transaction.
0 0 2 14 6 43 4 29 2 14
3
WHOLESALER-RETAILER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
1 3 3 9
8 23 10 29 13 37
4
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
volume and quality when buyers demand it.
1 3 0 0
3
9 16 46 15 43
4
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
0 0 1 3 10 29 15 43 9 26
4
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict in
the business transaction.
2 6 2 6 11 31 15 43 5 14
4
WHOLESALER-RETAILER
1. The quality of chayote I
produce/procure/sold meets my expectation. 0 0 1 3
6 17 19 54 9 26
4
2. The quality of chayote delivered meets
the buyer’s requirements.
0 0 1 3
7 20 22 63 5 14
4
3. I am satisfied with the volume I
produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
0 0 1 3
7 20 13 37 14 40
4
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
27
Table 5a. Continued…
STATEMENT
1
2
3
4
5
N % N % N % N % N % AVE.
4. I always achieve my
production/procurement/delivery targets.
0 0 4 11 7 20 16 45 8 23
4
RETAILER
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
2 4 8 17 15 31 14 29 9 19
3
2. I exert effort to produce the desired
volume and quality when buyers demand it.
1 2 5 10 9 19 19 40 14 29
4
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
3 6 5 10 10 21 21 44 9 19
4
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict in
the business transaction.
8 17 4 8 18 38 16 33 2
5
3
Table 5b.Descriptive analysis and test statistics
STATEMENT
MEAN
CHI-SQUARE DF
ASYMP. SIG.
1. I can produce/procure the desired volume
when buyers needed it.
3.54
25.787
3
0.000**
2. I exert effort to produce the desired volume
and quality when buyers demand it.
3.96
8.245
3
0.041*
3. The buyer is flexible to buy chayote
regardless of quantity and quality.
3.77
65.695
3
0.127
4. The buyer and seller have little conflict in the
business transaction.
3.35
98.935
3
0.03*
*significant **highly significant
insignificant difference among the actors. Most of the AW, FAW, TW and WR respond
moderately agree to the buyer and seller that sometimes there is a little conflict in the
business transaction while the F and R undecided since they cannot understand each other
in the business transaction. The total average implies that most respondents are
moderately agreed in the business transaction.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
28
Large numbers of respondents moderately agree that the income receive is
adequately rewarding. However other actors are undecided since they are not contented
with the income they receive. The total average implies that most of the respondents are
moderately agreeing that the income they receive is adequately rewarding. As supported
by the descriptive analysis having the mean of 4 and test statistics which proves that there
is significant difference among the actors which give important in measuring flexibility.
Distribution of Respondents
According to Efficiency
Table 6a implies that the AW,WR and R moderately agree that they are happy to
produce the desired volume out of their limited resources however other respondents are
strongly agree on it since while TW are undecided since sometimes they cannot produce
the desired volume out of their limited resources. The total average implies that majority
of the respondents are moderately agree that they are happy to produce the desired
volume out of their limited resources. Moreover based on the descriptive analysis having
a mean of 3.96, that further supported by the test statistics it shows that there is
insignificant difference among the chain actor. Thus they do not give important criteria in
measuring product efficiency.
Great number of AW, FAW, TW, W and WR, strongly agree to exert effort to
reduce the cost of production however the F are undecided and the AW are moderately
agree on it since they exert their effort on the time of production. The average implies
that most of the respondents are strongly agree to exert effort to reduce the cost of
production. Based on the descriptive analysis having a mean on 4.12 that was supported
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
29
by the test statistics the result showed that there is insignificance difference among the
chain actors that they have a common understanding on the product efficiency.
Most of the AW,WR and R moderately agree that they are happy to produce the
desired volume out of their limited resources however other respondents are strongly
agree on it since while TW are undecided since sometimes they cannot produce the
desired volume out of their limited resources. The total average implies that majority of
the respondents are moderately agree that they are happy to produce the desired volume
out of their limited resources.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
30
Table 6a. Distribution of respondents according to efficiency
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N %
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
AVE
FARMER
1. I am happy to produce the desired
volume out of my limited resources.
1
3
2
7
6
20
10
33
11
37
4
2. The income I received is adequately
rewarding.
0
0
1
3
16
53
9
30
4
13
4
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
production.
0
0
1
3
11
37
10
33
8
27
4
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to
my investment.
0
0
4
13
9
30
11
37
6
20
4
ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
1. I am happy to produce the desired
volume out of my limited resources.
0
0
0
0
6
32
9
47
4
21
4
2. The income I received is adequately
rewarding.
0
0
0
0
5
26
9
47
5
26
4
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
production.
0
0
0
0
4
21
9
47
6
32
4
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to
my investment.
0
0
1
2
11
12
63
4
21
4
FINANCER-ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
1. I am happy to produce the desired
volume out of my limited resources.
2 12
0
0
5
31
4
25
5
31
4
2. The income I received is adequately
rewarding.
0
0
0
0
2
13
9
56
5
3
4
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
production.
0
0
0
0
4
25
4
25
8
50
4
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to
my investment.
0
0
0
0
4
25
7
44
5
31
4
TRUCKER-WHOLESALER
1. I am happy to produce the desired
volume out of my limited resources.
0
0
1
9
1
9
3
27 6 55
4
numerical and descriptive value
1-strongly disagree
2-moderately disagree
3-undecided
4-moderately agree
5-strongly agree
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
31
Table 6a. Continued…
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N %
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
% AVE
2. The income I received is adequately
rewarding.
0
0
0
0
2
18
6
55
3
27
4
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
production.
0
0
0
0
2
18
4
36
5
45
4
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to my
investment.
0
0
0
0
2
18
6
55
3
27
4
WHOLESALER
1. I am happy to produce the desired volume
out of my limited resources.
0
0
1
9
5
45
2
18
3
27
4
2. The income I received is adequately
rewarding.
0
0
3
27
3
27
5
45
0
0
3
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
production.
0
0
3
2
2
18
2
18
4
36
4
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to my
investment.
0
0
1
9
2
18
7
64
1
9
4
WHOLESALER-RETAILER
1. I am happy to produce the desired volume
out of my limited resources.
0
0
0
0
5
14
16
46 14 40
4
2. The income I received is adequately
0
0
0
0
7
20
16
46 12 34
4
rewarding.
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
0
0
1
3
5
14
10
29 19 54
4
production.
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to my
investment.
1
3
1
3
9
26
14
40 10 29
4
RETAILER
1. I am happy to produce the desired volume
out of my limited resources.
1
2
3
6
10 21
22
46 12 25
4
2. The income I received is adequately
rewarding.
0
0
1
2
10 21
22
46 15 31
4
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of
production.
0
0
2
4
9
19
16
33 21 44
4
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to my
investment.
0
0
0
0
11 23
22
46 15 31
4
Results on statistical test shown in table 6b, Moreover based on the descriptive
analysis having a mean of 3.96, that further supported by the test statistics it shows that
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
32
Table 6b. Descriptive analysis and test statistics
CHI-
ASYMP.
STATEMENT
MEAN SQUARE DF
SIG.
1. I am happy to produce the desired volume out of my
limited resources.
3.96
4.499
3
.212
.003**
2. The income I received is adequately rewarding.
3.94
13.617
3
3. I exert effort to reduce the cost of production.
4.12
4.798
3
.187
4. I am satisfied with the rate of return to my investment.
3.94
2.861
3
.414
*significant ** highly significant
there is insignificant difference among the chain actor. Thus they do not give important
criteria in measuring product efficiency.
Great number of AW, FAW, TW, W and WR, strongly agree to exert effort to
reduce the cost of production however the F are undecided and the AW are moderately
agree on it since they exert their effort on the time of production. The average implies
that most of the respondents are strongly agree to exert effort to reduce the cost of
production. Based on the descriptive analysis having a mean on 4.12 that was supported
by the test statistics the result showed that there is insignificance difference among the
chain actors that they have a common understanding on the product efficiency.
Distribution of Respondents According
to Responsiveness
Table 7a shows that some of the respondents are moderately agreed that they can
supply the market with desired quality/ of chayote when needed. However other
respondents are undecided. And farmers are moderately disagree due to the far
transporting of products some of the chayote will damage that cost lower prize.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
33
Table 7a. Distribution of respondents according to responsiveness
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N %
N
%
N
%
N
%
AVE
FARMER
1. I can supply the market with desired
quality/quantity when needed.
1
3 2
7
6
20
10
33 11 37
4
2. I always schedule my deliveries to meet the
time in the market.
0
0 1
3
16
53
9
30
4
13
4
3. I always find time to deliver vegetables when
customers/market needs it.
0
0 1
3
11
37
10
33
8
27
4
4. I always act on the demand/complaints of
buyers related to quality/quantity.
0
0 4 13
9
30
11
37
6
20
4
ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
1. I can supply the market with desired
quality/quantity when needed.
0
0 0
0
6
32
9
47
4
21
4
2. I always schedule my deliveries to meet the
time in the market.
0
0 0
0
5
26
9
47
5
26
4
3. I always find time to deliver vegetables when
customers/market needs it.
0
0 0
0
4
21
9
47
6
32
4
4. I always act on the demand/complaints of
buyers related to quality/quantity.
0
0 1
0
2
11
12
63
4
21
4
FINANCER-ASSEMBLER-WHOLESALER
1. I can supply the market with desired
2
12 0 0
5
31
4
25
5
31
4
quality/quantity when needed.
2. I always schedule my deliveries to meet the
0
0
0 0
2
13
9
56
5
3
4
time in the market.
3. I always find time to deliver vegetables when
0
0
0 0
4
25
4
25
8
50
4
customers/market needs it.
4. I always act on the demand/complaints of
0
0
0 0
4
25
7
44
5
31
4
buyers related to quality/quantity.
numerical and descriptive value
1-strongly disagree
2-moderately disagree
3-undecided
4-moderately agree
5-strongly agree
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
34
Table 7a. Continued…
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N %
N
%
N
% N % AVE
TRUCKER-WHOLESALER
1. I can supply the market with desired
quality/quantity when needed.
0 0 1 9
1
9
3
27 6 55
4
2. I always schedule my deliveries to
meet the time in the market.
0 0 0 0
2
18
6
55 3 27
4
3. I always find time to deliver
vegetables when customers/market
needs it.
0 0 0 0
2
18
4
36 5 45
4
4. I always act on the
demand/complaints of buyers related
to quality/quantity.
0 0 0 0
2
18
6
55 3 27
4
WHOLESALER
1. I can supply the market with desired
quality/quantity when needed.
0 0 1 9
5
45
2
18 3 27
4
2. I always schedule my deliveries to
meet the time in the market.
0 0 3 27
3
27
5
45 0
0
3
3. I always find time to deliver
vegetables when customers/market
needs it.
0 0 3 2
2
18
2
18 4 36
4
4. I always act on the
demand/complaints of buyers related
to quality/quantity.
0 0 1 9
2
18
7
64 1
9
4
WHOLESALER-RETAILER
1. I can supply the market with desired
quality/quantity when needed.
0 0 0 0
5
14 16 46 14 40
4
2. I always schedule my deliveries to
meet the time in the market.
0 0 0 0
7
20 16 46 12 34
4
3. I always find time to deliver
vegetables when customers/market
needs it.
0 0 1 3
5
14 10 29 19 54
4
4. I always act on the
demand/complaints of buyers related
to quality/quantity.
1 3 1 3
9
26 14 40 10 29
4
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
35
1
2
3
4
5
STATEMENT
N % N %
N
%
N
% N % AVE
RETAILER
1. I can supply the market with
desired quality/quantity when
needed.
1 2 3 6
10 21 22 46 12 25
4
2. I always schedule my deliveries
to meet the time in the market.
0 0 1 2
10 21 22 46 15 31
4
3. I always find time to deliver
vegetables when customers/market
needs it.
0 0 2 4
9
19 16 33 21 44
4
4. I always act on the
demand/complaints of buyers
related to quality/quantity.
0 0 0 0
11 23 22 46 15 31
4
The average shows that most of the chains actors are moderately agree to supply
the market with desired quality and quantity when market needs it. Moreover the
descriptive analysis having the mean of 3.56 supported by test statistics shows that there
is significance difference among the chain actors that they give important on the product
responsiveness of chayote. The AW, FAW, TW strongly agreed in the delivery schedule
to meet the time in the market. However the other respondents are moderately agree and
the farmers are strongly disagree since when the chayote is ready to harvest they can
deliver it on time. The total average implies that most of the respondents are undecided
to schedule their deliveries to meet the time in the market. Furthermore the descriptive
analysis having the mean of 3.32 that was supported by the test statistics reveals that
there is significance difference among the chain actors that gives important to product
responsiveness.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
36
Great numbers of respondents FAW, TAW, and WR are moderately agree that
that they always find time to deliver chayote when market needs it. AW are strongly
agree, W and R undecided and the farmers are moderately disagree since depends on the
harvesting period if they have nothing to produce they cannot deliver it. The total average
implies that some of the respondents are undecided to find time to deliver chayote when
the market needs it.
Moreover the descriptive analysis having the mean of 3.40 that was supported by
the test statistics it implies that there is a significance difference among the chain actors
that they give important in terms of product responsiveness
Majority of the respondents are moderately agreed that they act on the demand
complaints of buyers related to quality/quantity. FAW are strongly agree while the F are
undecided and the R moderately disagree, that depends on the quality and quantity if it is
in good quality that’s the time they increase the prize. The total average shows that most
of the respondents are moderately agree to act the demand complaints to buyers related to
quality and quantity of chayote. Moreover the descriptive analysis having a mean of 3.69
that further implies by the test statistics shows that there is significance difference among
the chain actors. Thus implies that they give important criteria in measuring product
responsiveness.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
37
Table 7b. Descriptive analysis and Test statistics
STATEMENT
MEAN CHI-SQUARE
DF
ASYMP. SIG.
1. I can supply the market with desired
quality/quantity when needed.
3.46
25.787
3
.000**
2. I always schedule my deliveries to meet
the time in the market.
3.32
8.245
3
.041*
3. I always find time to deliver vegetables
when customers/market needs it.
3.40
5.695
3
.127
4. I always act on the demand/complaints of
buyers related to quality/quantity.
3.69
8.935
3
.030*
*significant **highly significant
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
38
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Most of the respondents moderately agreed on product quality of chayote
especially on the reliability regarding on quality of chayote supplied in the market.
Moreover the researcher found out that majority of the chain actors strongly agreed that
they are satisfied to fulfill the orders and deliveries of chayote when needed. Although,
respondents are agreed on other statement related to product quality weighted average
result showed that chain actors never considered/undecided and moderately disagreed on
respondents are satisfied selling chayote to buyers on credit arrangement. Most of the
chain actors have common understanding in the product quality statements significantly
differ on the product quality statements.
Majority of the respondents: the production, assembly, distribution and retailing
group moderately agreed that buyers are flexible to buy chayote regardless to
quality/quantity. However, chain actors response (undecided and moderately agreed) on
having little conflict by buyers and sellers to their business transaction. The test statistics
finding implies that respondents have a common understanding on buyer and sellers have
little conflict on their business transaction. The test statistics findings show that
respondents have common understanding on buyers and sellers have little conflict on
their business transaction.
Regarding to efficiency; chain actors implies that they are generating income in
vegetable business and the rate of returns to their investment is satisfying while some of
the respondents strongly agreed on exerting effort to reduce the cost of
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
39
production/procurement. Furthermore, test statistics validated that they have common
understanding to the stated statements on efficiency.
Trucker wholesalers strongly agreed on scheduling of their deliveries to meet the
time in the market, they deliver chayote everyday at the spot markets while retailers
strongly disagreed for the reason that they do not schedule their deliveries but rather their
customers it’s either regular or not were the one to go with them at the market. Chain
actors have significant differences which means that they are differ from each other.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study the researcher found out that respondents give
much importance on their satisfaction in fulfilling the orders and deliveries of chayote
when needed as the most important one in measuring performance while chain actors
don’t gave much importance to on their satisfaction in selling chayote on credit
arrangement. However, respondents have common understandings on the quality of
chayote they supply in the market are reliable. Furthermore, descriptive statistics on
flexibility shows that buyers and sellers have little conflict and this was truly happening.
All of the statements on responsiveness are important in measuring performance
of chain actors as validated by their responses. Nevertheless, farmers strongly disagreed
that they are responsible to supply the market with the desired volume and quality when
needed while the assembly group moderately agreed that they can.
Recommendation
In order to have a good performance of chain actors they must responsible if ever
they credited to avoid conflicts, since credit cannot be avoided and that’s part of the
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
40
business but creditors must always remember their obligations. Chain actors must set
standard pricing of chayote and make by laws that would punished those who don’t
follow it. Moreover, respondents must never continue in being responsible in the
utilization of natural resources. Nevertheless, chain actor’s task on delivering of product
must on time. The findings of the study are indicative of a very good performance of the
different chain actors in relation to product quality, flexibility and efficiency and a
satisfactory performance as to responsiveness. These different chain actors should uphold
their performance in their vegetable trading business in order to maintain their
organization.
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
41
LITERATURE CITED
ARAMYAN, L. 2007. Measuring Supply Chain Performance In The Agri-Food Sector,
ARAMYAN, L., J.M. CHRISTIEN ONDERSTEIJN., G. J AlFONS M. LANDSICK
and O.V. KOOTEN, 2006. Quantifying the Agri-Food Supply
Chain. Springer,
Dordrecht, Pp.47-64.
CARR, A. S. and J. N. PEARSON, 1999. Strategically managed buyer-supplier
relationships and performance outcomes. J. Op. Manage., 17, 497-519.
DAPLIAN,M.P. Price and Cost Differentiation of various market intermediaries in the
Marketing of selected highland vegetable.BS special problem (Unpub.).Benguet
State University La Trinidad Benguet.P.7
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.
2008. Stat Guide for Farmers, Volume 2, P. 54.
FOUNDATION FOR RESOURCE LINKAGE AND DEVELOPMENT,
INCORPORATION. 1995. The Potato Marketing System in Major Production and
Demand Areas in the Philippines. P. 9
.
GEANURACOS, J. and I. MEIKLEJOHN. 1994. Performance Measurement: the New
Agenda – using non-financial measures to improve profitability. London
Business Intelligence.
GRIMSDELL, K. 1996. The Supply Chain for Fresh Vegetables: What it takes to make it
work. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 1 (November): 11-4
In: Matanda, M. J. and B. Schrodder. Business-To Business Relationship By
Categories of Suppliers In The Marketing Channel. Dynamics in Chain and
Networks. Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Chain and
Network Management in Agribusiness and the Food Industry. 27-28 May 2004.
Editors: Bremmers, H. J., Omta, S. W. F., Treinekens, J. H. and E. F. M.
Wubben. Wageningen Academic Publishers. Pp 532-537.
HINES, P., R. D. LAMMING, P. C JONES, and N. RICH. 2000. Value Stream
Management: Strategy and Excellence in the Supply Chain. Financial Times
Prentice Hall
HONGZE MA, 2005. Supply chain management. Logistics, Turku School of Economics
and Business Administration. Retrieved October 08, 2010 from
http://www.tukkk.fi/markkinointi/log/log1/
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42
KAYNAK H. and J. A. PAGAN, 2003. Just-in-purchasing and technical efficiency in the
US manufacturing sector. Int. J. Prod. Res., 41(1), 1-14.
LAI, K., NGAI, E. W. T. and T. C. E. CHENG, 2002. Measures for Evaluating Supply
Chain Performance in Transport Logistics. Transportation Research, Part E
3, Pp. 439-456.
LUNING, P. A., W. J. and W. M. F. JONGEN, 2002. Food Quality Management: a
techno managerial approach, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen.
NARASIMHAN, R. and J. JAYARAN, 1998. Causal linkages in supply chain
management: an exploratory study of North American manufacturing firms.
Decision Sciences, 29, Pp. 579-605.
SALVADOR, F. C. FORZA, M. RUNGTUSANATHAM and T. Y. CHOI, 2001.
Supply chain interactions and time-related performances: an operations
management perspective, Int. J. Op. Prod. Manage., 21, Pp. 461-475.
SIM, J. M. and L. N. TAGARINO. 2009. Supply Chain Improvement of Fresh Vegetable
in Northern Luzon. PCARD Project. Terminal Report. P.
SIJSES, S. 2004. Structure, Conduct and Performance in the International Chain of
Jepara-Made Furniture. Dynamics in Chain and Networks. Proceedings of the
sixth International Conference on Chain and Network Management in
Agribusiness and the Food Industry. 27-28 May 2004. Editors: Bremmers, H.
J., Omta, S. W. F., Treinekens, J. H. and E. F. M. Wubben. Wageningen
Academic Publishers. Pp. 118-123
VORST, V. 2004. Performance Measurement in Agri-food Supply Chain
Networks. Retrieved in August 14, 2010 from
http://library.wur.nl/frontis/quantifying_supply_chain/02_van_der_vorst.pdf
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
43
APPENDIX A
Communication Letter
November, 2010
Sir/Madam,
Warm greetings!
I am a graduating student of Benguet State University taking up Bachelor of
Science in Agribusiness major in Enterprise Management. As part of the course
requirement, I am presently conducting an undergraduate research study entitled
“MEASURING PERFORMANCE IN THE SPOT MARKET CHAIN FOR
CHAYOTE”.
In connection with this, may I ask you to fill up or answer the questionnaire made
for this purpose? Rest assured that all the information you will provide will be treated
with outmost confidentiality. Your favorable approval is highly appreciated.
Thank you for your kindness and cooperation. May God bless you!
Sincerely yours,
DOMINGO B. BAWAS
Researcher
Noted by:
LEOPOLDO N. TAGARINO
Adviser
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
44
APPENDIX B
Interview Schedule
This research aims to investigate the cabbage supply networks. All information
solicited will be treated with confidentiality. Please answer the questions honestly by
putting (/) mark in the appropriate space provided for.
Thank you very much!
Respondent’s Name:(Optional) ______________________ No. ______
Respondent’s Group:
1. Production Group:
[ ] Farmers
2. Assembly (Collection) Group : [ ] Assembler-Wholesaler
[ ] Financier-Assembler-Wholesaler
[ ] Disposer
3. Distribution Group : [ ] Trucker-Wholesaler
[ ] Wholesale
[ ] Wholesale-Retailer
4. Retailing Group : [ ] Retailer
A. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
1. Age: _____
2. Gender: [ ] Male
[ ] Female
3. Marital status: [ ] Single [ ] Married [ ] Separated [ ] Widowed
4. Religion: [ ] Catholic [ ] Protestant [ ] Others, specify______________
5. Educational background: [ ] Elementary [ ] High School [ ] College [ ] Vocational
6. Number of years engage in vegetable farming business: _____
10. Organizational affiliation: [ ] Farmers’ Association [ ] Cooperatives
[ ] Others, specify ________
B. What are the vegetables do you frequently produce/procure/sold in the market?
[ ] Cabbage; [ ] Chayote; [ ] Potato
C. Who are the buyers of the vegetables you produced/procured/? (Please identify)
[ ] Assembler-Wholesalers; [ ] Financier-Assembler-Wholesalers;
[ ] Trucker-Wholesalers; [ ] Wholesalers; [ ] Wholesaler-Retailers; [ ] Retailers
D. Where do you sell the vegetables produced/procured?
[ ] La Trinidad Vegetables Trading Post; [ ] Baguio Hangar Market
[ ] Private Trading Center in La Trinidad [ ] Metro Manila (Specify)____________
[ ] Other Market: Please specify _____________________
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
45
E. PERFORMANCE (Operations): Assess the performance of the supply network
operation using the following metrics.
E.1 Quality Satisfaction
a. The quality of vegetables I produce/procure/sold meets my expectation.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
b. The quality of vegetables delivered meets the buyer’s requirements.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
c. I am satisfied with the volume I produce/procure or sold to the buyer.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
d. I always achieve my production/procurement/delivery targets.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
e. I am satisfied to fulfill the orders and deliveries of vegetables when needed.
f. I am satisfied selling vegetables to buyers. Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
g. The quality of vegetables I supplied in the market is reliable
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
E.2 Flexibility
a. I can produce the desired volume when buyers needed it.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
b. I exert effort to produce the desired volume and quality when buyers demand it.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
c. The buyer is flexible to buy vegetables regardless of volume and quality.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
d. Buyer has no complaints about our business transactions
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
E.3 Efficiency
a. I am happy to produce the desired volume out of my limited resources.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
b. adequately rewarding. Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
c. I exert effort to reduce the cost of production.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
d. I am satisfied with the rate of return to my investment.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
E.4 Responsiveness
a. I can supply the market with desired quality/ quantity when needed.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
b. I always schedule my deliveries to meet the time in the market.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
c. I always find time to deliver vegetables when customer/ market need it.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
d. I always act on the demand/ complaints of buyers related to quality/ quantity.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
e. The buyers are always satisfied as to variety of product, price and quality/ quantity.
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
Performance Of Actors In The Spot Market Chain For Chayote / Bawas, Domingo B.2011
Document Outline
- Performance of Actors in the SpotMarket Chain for Chayote
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES