BIBLIOGRAPHY MANZANO, LORIE T. APRIL 2008....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MANZANO, LORIE T. APRIL 2008. Evaluation of Communication Materials on
Family Planning Used in Tadian Mt. Province. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Adviser: Christine Grace B. Sidchogan, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to evaluate the communication materials used by the
Department of Health on Family Planning Program in Tadian, Mt. Province. Specifically,
the study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; to
identify the rating of the respondents on the communication materials on family planning
in terms of accuracy, comprehensibility and acceptability; to enumerate how the
communication materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family
planning; and to determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in
reading the communication materials.
To be able to achieve the study’s objectives, a survey questionnaire was used in
data gathering. Data gathered were consolidated, tabulated summarized and presented in
narrative form.
Results show that majority of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 25-29.
More than half (54%) of the respondents were housekeepers and majority (52%) have
reached college level.
The communication materials were comprehensible and acceptable in terms of the
language, graphics/illustration, lay-out (over-all design), font (size and style) and color.
However, in the leaflet, 70% of the respondents claimed that the color was not
pleasing
to
eyes.
The respondents stated that they understood the content of the communication
materials while reading rather than listening to the explanations of midwife or barangay
health workers.
For the problems encountered by the respondents in reading communication
materials, they stated that in the poster, information presented was too general, a lot of
spaces were seen, font style used is not attractive, too colorful, and less graphics used.
While in the leaflet, they said that it was wordy, it used dull color, graphics were not
colorful and small font was used.
Respondents suggested for the poster, that they should maximize the spaces, and
they should change the color and the design (lay-out). While in the leaflet, respondents
suggested that they should lessen the words, the color should be changed, make the
graphics colorful and they should make the font bigger to make it more readable.
It is recommended that the Department of Health should produce more attractive
communication materials by making the graphics colorful to catch the readers' attention.
It also recommended that the publishers’ contact number should be indicated for
information verification especially in the leaflet. Moreover, further research on the
communication materials to determine if these are effective to the community especially
in the rural places.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Statement of the Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Objectives of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Importance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Scope and Limitation of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Family Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Family Planning Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Communication Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Comprehensibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Barangay Health Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Department of Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Barangay Health Worker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Local Government Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Leaflet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Poster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
iii
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Gathered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-demographic Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Number of Children of the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Methods of Family Planning Used by the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Description of the Communication Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Comprehensibility of the Communication Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Acceptability of the Communication Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Effects of the Communication Materials on
the Understanding of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Reading the Communication Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Suggestions of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary………………………………………………………………
28
Conclusions..…………………………………………………………...
30
Recommendations ……………………………………………………...
31
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………....
32
APPENDIX A. Survey Questionnaire………………………………………….
38
iv
1NTRODUCTION
Rationale
In implementing programs, communication materials are needed to make
information dissemination effective.
Communication is the transmission of information, ideas, values, beliefs and
attitudes from one person to another. It is the basic social process which includes all the
ways by which man shares with his fellow men what are on his mind and heart. These
include gestures, overt behavior and language (Maslog, 1988).
Communication is any act by which one person gives to or receives from other
person information about that person's needs, desires, perceptions, and knowledge.
Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or
unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur
through spoken or other modes.
Communication is a key tool that health care professionals must use to elicit
cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services (Mikanowicz,
2007).
Therefore, communication is a vital element of a society as it is used to
disseminate information and promote understanding among members of society.
According to Braid (1983), most important units in governmental agencies
operate from a central unit. Their principal function is to support the institutions in
diffusing information to the public and creating awareness of their activities.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
2
The Local Government Code devolved the delivery of basic services and the
operation and maintenance of local health facilities such as provincial hospitals and
health centers from the Department of Health (DOH) to provinces, cities and
municipalities. Local government units are now responsible for the performance of
functions that previously belonged to the said national agency. Since health services were
among the first to be devolved pursuant to RA 7160, only a few functions, programs and
services can be devolved to LGUs without undermining the core mandate of the
Department of Health.
Tadian, Mt. Province is one of the recipients of DOH programs. One of these is
the Family Planning Program where free contraceptive are given away, consultation are
done regularly, and communication materials are distributed.
Tadian is a 4th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province,
Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 18,227 people in 3,567
household. There are 19 barangays comprising the municipality namely; Balaoa, Banaao,
Bantey, Batayan, Bunga, Cadad-anan, Cagubatan, Duagan, Dacudac, Lenga, Lubon
(Lub-ong), Mabalite, Masla, Pandayan, Poblacion, Sumadel, Tue, Kayan West, and
Kayan East.
Since Tadian is a rural place, an evaluation of communication materials on family
planning is needed to determine the effectiveness of these materials in conveying the
message on family planning to the community and if the communication materials has
influenced their comprehension towards family planning.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
3
Statement of the Problem
The study evaluated the communication materials on family planning used in
Tadian, Mt. Province. This study answered the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What is the rating of the respondents on the communication materials on family
planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability?
3. How do the communication materials affect the understanding of the
respondents about family planning?
4. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading the
communication materials?
5. What are the suggestion of the respondents for the improvement of the
communication materials?
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study were:
1. To determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents;
2. To determine the respondents’ perception as rate on the communication
materials in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability;
3. To determine how the communication materials affect the understanding of the
respondents about family planning;
4. To determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading
the communication materials; and,
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
4
5. Determine the suggestion of the respondents for the improvement of the
communication materials.
Importance of the Study
The results of the study could help the Department of Health (DOH) improve
their existing communication materials to make their family program more effective. The
practical insights of the respondents that were gathered from the study can also help
communication students and practitioners to picture the real scenario in a community
when it comes to family planning. It will guide them in coming up with communication
materials that will convey message effectively.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study was conducted from January to February 2008. The study focused on
the evaluation communication materials on Family Planning Program used in Tadian, Mt.
Province in terms of acceptability and comprehensibility.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Different organizations and groups used communication materials to relay ideas,
concepts, and services among others to people in the community to have effective
information dissemination.
Communication is the transmission of information, ideas, values, beliefs and
attitudes from one person to another. It is the basic social process which includes all the
ways by which man shares with his fellow men what are on his mind and heart. These
include gestures, overt behavior and language (Maslog, 1988).
Communication is a key tool that health care professionals must use to elicit
cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services. It is an integral part
of socialization and imperative in establishing relationships. In the medical community, it
can be described as a process of sharing information through utilization of a set of
common rules. These rules vary with circumstances: for instance, the transfer of
information can be interrupted by situational pressure; differences between the
professionals' perspectives can interfere with shared meanings; and the rules of the
process of communication can be changed with inappropriate (Mikanowicz, 2007).
Communication is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by
several methods. The word communication is also used in the context where little or no
feedback is expected such as broadcasting, or where the feedback may be delayed as the
sender or receiver use different methods, technologies, timing and means for feedback
(Severin, 1979).
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
6
Family planning is achieving desired family size and proper birth spacing by
using safe and effective modern methods. Research shows that effective family planning
prevents up to one out of four maternal deaths and one-third of infant and children’s
deaths in developing country. Family planning is observed by 40.74% of the married
while 19.75% do not practice (Grolier Family Encyclopedia).
Family Planning Methods
Natural family planning is a way to help a couple determine when sexual
intercourse can and cannot result in pregnancy. There are two natural family planning
methods these are the ovulation and symptothermal method (DSHS).
Contraceptive family planning methods are barrier methods, hormonal methods,
surgical methods and others methods.
Barrier methods are the male condoms, female condoms, diaphragm and cervical
cap, spermicide, and sponge.
Hormonal methods
1. Emergency contraceptive pills – prevent pregnancy if taken after sex.
2. Pills – are very effective if you take them every day at the same time.
3. Patch – a thin, stick-on square with hormones that go through the skin to prevent
pregnancy.
4. Vaginal ring – a small, flexible ring put into woman’s vagina; releases hormones to
prevent pregnancy.
5. Depo-Provera - is a long-acting hormonal form of birth control. It contains
medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which is similar to the natural progesterone
produced by the ovaries during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It is given by
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
7
injection (shot) in the buttocks or upper arm muscle. Injections must be received on a
regular basis every 12-13 weeks.
6. Implants – small, flexible capsules inserted under the skin; release hormones to prevent
pregnancy.
7. IUD – a trained health care provider puts a small, plastic device into a woman’s uterus.
the IUD contains copper or hormones that keep sperm from fertilizing the egg.
Abstinence
1. Abstinence – “Perfect” abstinence is the only 100% sure way to avoid pregnancy.
Surgical methods
1. Tubal ligation (female) and Vasectomy (male) – surgeries prevent pregnancy by
cutting and sealing the tubes that carry the egg or sperm.
Other methods
1. Withdrawal – man pulls penis out and away before ejaculation. Effectiveness depends
on his ability to know when he will ejaculate and to respond quickly.
2. Breast feeding – on demand 24 hours a day with no other food or formula given to
offer pregnancy protection for up to 6 months post partum.
3. Fertility awareness-based (fab) methods – with good information and practice, a
woman becomes familiar with her menstrual cycle and signs of ovulation.
Communication Materials
The compilation and analysis of the information and communication material is
based on users and category of materials. Users have been classified into NGOs, trainers,
policy makers, SHG leaders, etc., while categories of material have been grouped as
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
8
books, films, reports, papers, etc. Communication materials are used to carry out various
activities required at different stages of the micro finance operations. It therefore relates
to the task effectiveness and outcome expected to be achieved during this process, and
how effectively it is being done or can be done. The need for communication materials
and correspondingly the materials collected thus can be grouped into the following
categories (Anonymous, 2008).
Comprehensibility
Comprehensibility is dependent on two important cognitive abilities -
understanding of language and understanding of event sequences (Richards et al., 2004).
Definition of terms
Barangay Health Center. The major function of the rural health unit includes
preventive and rehabilitative aspect of health care such as immunization, family planning,
maternal and child care, public health education and environmental sanitation.
Department of Health. The Department of Health (DOH) is the principal health
agency in the Philippines. It is responsible for ensuring access to basic public health
services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of
providers of health goods and services (DOH, 2006).
Given the mandate, DOH is both a stakeholder in the health sector and a policy
and regulatory body for health. As a major player, DOH is a technical resource, a
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
9
catalyze for health policy and a political sponsor and advocate for health issues in behalf
of the health sector (DOH, 2006).
Barangay Health Workers. The term “barangay health workers” refers to a person
who has undergone training programs under any accredited government and non-
government organization and who voluntarily renders primarily health care services in
the community after having been accredited to function as such by the local health board
in accordance with the guidelines promulgated by the Department of Health (DOH)
(Chan Robles, 1995).
Local Government Unit. Following the passage of the Local Government Code of
1991, the Philippines central government turned the provision of health services over to
local government units (LGUs) in 1993. The LGUs consist of municipalities (towns),
cities, and provinces. This divided responsibility for primary and secondary health
services: municipal governments became responsible for primary health facilities, and
provincial governments took over district and provincial hospitals (USAID 2006).
Leaflet. Type of open letter or postcard, designed to be handed out to people,
either by hand, by post, inserted in local newspapers for distribution, left in venues,
shops, restaurants, cafes, libraries or anywhere where they will catch a person's eye.
Leaflets are for delivering useful, reusable information. The size and shape of the leaflet
is a major factor in its success (Christian Aid, 2007).
Poster. An informative, often decorative way to attract attention to the
information it contains. A poster is a bill or placard usually displayed in a public place. It
is often decorated with designs or illustration (SIL International 1999).
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
Tadian is a 4th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province (Figure 1)
Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 18,227 people in 3,567
households. There are 19 barangays comprising the municipality namely; Balaoa,
Banaao, Bantey, Batayan, Bunga, Cadad-anan, Cagubatan, Duagan, Dacudac, Lenga,
Lubon (Lub-ong), Mabalite, Masla, Pandayan, Poblacion, Sumadel, Tue, Kayan West,
and Kayan East. It is geographically located in the south western part of Mountain
Province, on coordinates 16’45” latitudes and 120’5” longitude. It is about 38 kilometers
and 127 kilometers from Bontoc, the capital town and Baguio City respectively. It is
bounded on the west by the Province of Ilocos Sur (Cervantes municipality), on the east
by the municipality of Bauko, on the south by the Province of Benguet (Mankayan
municipality) and on the north by municipality
of
Besao.
.
It is accessible to Baguio City by land transport through the Halsema Highway,
also known as Mountain Trail that passes through the Province of Benguet. It is also
accessible to the lowland region through the historical Bessang Pass that passes through
the Province of Ilocos Sur. Tadian municipality is generally mountainous with general
slopes of over 18 percent. Its elevation ranges from 440 m to 2113m above sea level.
Poblacion, the seat of the municipal government has general elevation of 1,340 m above
sea level. It has 2 major rivers that both drain to the Abra River, namely: Abit River that
drains the southeastern portion and Decapeo River that drain the northwest portion.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
11
Figure 1. Map of Tadian, Mt. Province
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
12
Tadian municipality is currently served by one doctor, one dentist, a public health
nurse, 12 rural health midwives, one medical technologist, a rural sanitary inspector, a
dental aide and 106 barangay health workers (BHWS). It has a Rural Health Unit located
at the Poblacion and only 12 Barangay health stations of the 19 BHS requirement
municipal wide.
The place of study was chosen because of its accessibility that could be a help in
dissemination of information with the use of communication materials.
The study was conducted from December to January 2008. .
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were two personnel of Barangay Health Center and
48 community members who were practicing family planning and were chosen through
purposive
sampling.
Data Collection
The primary tool used in the data collection of the study was survey
questionnaires as a guide questions and interview schedule were used. Interviews were
personally conducted by the researcher using combination of English, Iloko and
Kankana-ey.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were the evaluation of communication materials on family
planning program in used Tadian, Mt. Province, the socio-demographic profile of the
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
13
respondents, respondents’ perception as rate on the communication materials on family
planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability; how the communication
materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family planning and the
common problems encountered by the respondents in reading the communication
materials.
Data Analysis
The data and information gathered were organized, tabulated, summarized and
presented in narrative form.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 shows the respondents’ age, occupation and educational attainment. All
of the respondents were women. Twenty-eight percent of the respondents belonged to the
age bracket of 25-29, while 24% belongs to the age bracket of 20-24 and 30-34. Out of
the 50 respondents, 14% belonged to the age bracket of 35-39 and 10% belonged to the
age bracket of 40-44. In the occupation of the respondents, more than half (54%) of the
respondents
were
housekeepers.
In terms of the educational attainment of the respondents, all of them were
educated. More than half (52%) of the respondents have reached the college level. There
were 18% who graduated from college. In addition, 16% were high school graduate and
16% of the respondents reached high school level. This implies that most of the
respondents who are practicing family planning were educated.
Number of Children of the Respondents
Table 2 shows the number of children of the respondents. Out of the 50
respondents, 30% had 2 children, 24% had only one child, 22% had 3 children, 16% have
4 children and only 8% had 5 children. This implies that respondents who are practicing
family planning have less number of children.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
15
Table 1. Socio-demographic profile of the respondents
CHARACTERISTIC FREQUENCY
(n=50)
PERCENTAGE
Age
20-24
12
24
25-29
14
28
30-34
12
24
35-39
7
14
40-44
5
10
TOTAL 50
100
1
Occupation
Housekeeper
27
54
Storekeeper
7
14
Farmer
5
10
Government Employee
4
8
Teacher
2
4
TOTAL 50
100
Educational Attainment
High School Level
7
14
High School Graduate
8
16
College Level
26
52
College Graduate
9
18
TOTAL 50
100
Table 2. Number of children of the respondents
CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY
(n=50) PERCENTAGE
No. of Children
1 12
24
2 15
30
3 11
22
4 8
16
5 4
8
TOTAL 50 100
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
16
Methods of Family Planning Used by the Respondents
Table 3 shows the family planning methods used by the respondents. The results
show that the 48% used the Intra Uterine Device (IUD) as their family planning method.
Moreover, 34% of the respondents claimed that they were using Depot Medroxy-
Progesterone Acetate (DMPA), while 22% were using the natural method which includes
the withdrawal method. Only 5% of them were using the rhythm method.
It can be noted that some of the respondents were still using the natural methods
which include withdrawal and rhythm methods.
Table 3. Family planning methods used by the respondents
FAMILY PLANNING
FREQUENCY (n=50)
PERCENTAGE
METHODS
Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
24
48
Depo-Provera (DMPA)
17
34
Withdrawal 11
22
Pills
10
20
Abstinence
10
20
Tubal Ligation
4
8
Calendar
3
6
Rhythm 2
5
* Multiple Responses
Description of the Communication Materials
Poster. Figure 2 shows the description of the poster. The size of the poster was 24
x 36. It contains the effects of family planning and the information was supplemented by
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
17
graphics. The font style used was Arial, and the color of the font was white. The
dominant color of the poster was red. The language used was Filipino.
Figure 2. Family planning poster
Leaflet.
Figure 3 shows the description of the leaflet. The size of the leaflet was
8.5x11. The content of the leaflet are the effects of family planning. It used
graphics/illustration in presenting the information. The font style used was Arial, size 10
and 14 and Copperplate Gothic Bold, size 36 and 24. The color of the leaflet was white
and orange. The language used was Ilocano.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
18
Figure 3. Family planning leaflet
Comprehensibility of the Communication Materials
The comprehensibility of the leaflets and poster was measured in terms of level of
understanding, which included the following criteria: did not understand, difficult to
understand and, or easy to understand. One poster and one leaflet were evaluated.
Poster. The comprehensibility of the poster as identified by the respondents was
measured in terms of level of understanding the content of the poster.
It can be seen that all (100%) of the respondents claimed that they easily
understood the effects of family planning by merely looking at the poster.
During the interview, the respondents stated that they understood the positive
effects of family planning. As said by one of them, family planning is not hard to do,
most especially if you have a good communication with your partner, it will be easy and
if really like it, both of you will do it.
Leaflet. The comprehensibility of the leaflet as identified by the respondents was
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
19
measured in terms of the level of understanding the content.
In leaflet, all (100%) of the respondents stated that they easily understood the
effects of not practicing family planning.
According to the respondents, the effects of not practicing family planning was
more on women health such as when the woman becomes weak because of always giving
birth. Moreover, respondents also claimed that having many children was really a big
problem especially if they can not provide
their
needs.
Acceptability of the Communication Materials
Table 4 and 5 shows the acceptability of the communication materials in terms of
the language, graphics/illustration, lay-out (over-all design), font, and color used.
Poster. Table 4 shows that it can be noted that the poster used the Filipino
language in disseminating information about family planning.
The respondents said that the language and graphics/ illustration used were
appropriate, related and helped them understand more about the effects of family
planning.
Fig. 4 shows the text and graphics on the poster. The respondents stated that the
graphics convey emotions and ideas much faster than the text. As said by one of the
respondents, just by looking at the graphics, they understood immediately the effects of
family planning.
In terms of the lay-out (over-all design), most (80%) of the respondents claimed
that the lay-out helped them to understand more about the effects family planning. As
said by the respondents, the lay-out was organized, the letters used were readable, and
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
20
Fig. 4. Text and graphics on the poster
it can be read from a reasonable distance, it has good color combination and the
graphics used were appropriate. Only 20% claimed that it did not affect them at all.
According to Benson (2002), visual design is not just about making your
application look pretty. Good visual design is about communication. A well-designed
application will make it easy for the user to understand the information that is being
presented, and show them clearly how they can interact with that information
Moreover, majority (74%) of the respondents claimed that the font size used in
the poster was big enough to read at least 3-5ft away. Twenty-six percent of the
respondents said that the font was not big enough to be read.
During the interview, most (72%) of the respondents said that the color of the font
was appropriate to the background and 28% said that it was not appropriate. As said by
one of the respondents, the color of the background (red) was too bright and also the
color of the font (white) was not good for the eyes.
In terms of the color of the poster, 56% of the respondents said that they were
attracted with the color and 44% were not attracted. According to the respondents, they
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
21
were not attracted with the color of the poster because they said that the dominant color
(red) is monotonous. Others also claimed that it was so simple and the design is very
common.
Moreover,
majority
(62%)
of the respondents claimed that the color of the poster
was pleasing to eyes and 38% said that it was not pleasing to eyes. It was also noted that
more than half (60%) of the respondents said the poster has a good color contrast. This is
because one of the respondents claimed that the text can be easily read.
Table 4. Acceptability of the Poster
YES NO
CHARACTERISTICS
N=50 % N=50
%
Language
- -
Is the language used appropriate to the topic?
50
100
Did the language help you understand the topic?
50
100
-
-
Illustration/Graphics
50 100
Are the illustration/ graphics used related to the topic?
-
-
Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand
50 100 - -
more about the effects of family planning?
Lay-out (over-all design)
Did the lay-out (over- all design) help you understand 40
80
10
20
more about the effects of family planning?
Font
Is the size of the font used big enough to be read at least 34
74
13
26
3-5 ft away?
Is the color of the font appropriate to the background?
36
72
14
28
Color
Did the color attract your attention?
28
56
22
44
Do you find the color pleasing to the eye?
31 62 19 38
Does it have good color contrast?
30 60 20 40
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
22
Leaflet. Table 5 shows that the leaflet used Ilocano language. The language and
graphics/illustration used were appropriate, related and helped the respondents
understand more about family planning, as claimed by them.
However, respondents said that they preferred vernacular dialect (Kankana-ey)
and English language to be used in the communication materials.
This supports the study of Enkiwe (2006) that respondents prefer English
translation of the EIC material because they were used to reading English text than
Ilocano.
The respondents further said that the graphics used in the communication
materials convey emotions and ideas more effective than the text. The graphics used in
the leaflet made the information easy to be understood.
As cited by Olanio (2006), it is important that the leaflet should look interesting
and attractive at the first glance so that the readers will be urged to continue reading.
In terms of the font used, 88% of the respondents said that the color of the font
was appropriate to the background. During the interview, respondents said that the color
black and white was a good combination. Only 12% said that it was not appropriate.
Moreover, majority (64%) of the respondents said that font style used in the
leaflet helped them easily read the content. As said by one of the respondents, the font
style was simple enough to be read.
In addition, 52% of the respondents claimed that the font size was big enough to
read. However, 48% said that font size was small. As claimed by one of the respondents,
a person can not read if he/she have eye defect that he/she needs to use eye glasses.
In terms of the color of the leaflet, great majority (80%) of the respondents
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
23
claimed that the leaflet has a good color contrast and 70% of the respondents said that the
colors used were pleasing to the eyes. The color of the leaflet was white and the font
color
was
black
and
orange.
However, 78% of the respondents said that the color of the leaflet was not
attractive because it was not colorful.
Table 5. Acceptability of the leaflet
YES
NO
CHARACTERISTICS
N=50
%
N=50
%
Language
Is the language used appropriate to the topic?
50
100
-
-
Did the language help you understand the topic?
50
100
-
-
Illustration/Graphics
Are the illustration/ graphics used related to the topic?
50
100
-
-
Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand
50
10
-
-
more about the effects of family planning?
Lay-out (over-all design)
Did the lay-out (over- all design) help you understand -
45
90
5
10
more about the effects of family planning?
Font
Is the size of the font used is big enough to be read?
26
52
24
48
Is the color of the font is appropriate to the background
44
88
6
12
Color
Did the color attract your attention?
11
22
39
78
Do you find the color pleasing to the eye?
35
70
15
30
Does it have a good color contrast?
10
20
40
80
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
24
Effects of the Communication Materials on
the Understanding of the Respondents
Table 6 shows that respondents mentioned several effects of the communication
materials on their understanding about family planning. Forty six percent of the
respondents said that they understood better what was all about family planning when
they were reading the content rather than listening to the midwife or barangay barangay
health
workers
alone.
As said by one of the respondents, because of work, sometimes, they do not have
time to go to the health center. And even if the midwife of barangay health workers will
conduct home visits, their time is also limited and they only come when it is scheduled.
As compared to the distributed leaflets and posted posters, they can read it
anytime they want.
Twenty-eight percent of the respondents also claimed that the information
presented on the communication materials focuses on one topic. Like in the leaflet, it
focused on the effects of not practicing family planning which helped the readers in
understanding the topics better.
Table 6. Effects of the communication materials on the understanding of the respondents
EFFECTS FREQUENCY
N=50
%
I understand it better if I’m reading it
23 46
rather than listening
The communication materials have
14 28
specific topic
The topic were more explained and
12 24
elaborated (leaflet)
Additional information were presented
8
16
* Multiple Responses
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
25
Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Reading the Communication Materials
Table 7 shows the problems encountered by the respondents in reading the
communication materials.
Poster. The results show that there were 84% of the respondents who claimed that
the information presented was general. As said by one of the respondents, the information
was not explained well. Seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that the poster has
a lot of empty spaces or wasted spaces. According to the respondents, there were spaces
that were not occupied and it does not look good.
Moreover, 30% of the respondents also mentioned that the font style used was not
attractive and 30% said that it was so colorful that it hurts the eye. During the interview,
respondents said that the font style was so simple.
Leaflet. The results show that most (74%) of the respondents claimed that the
leaflet was wordy. As said by one of the respondents, “dahil wordy, nakakatamad tuloy
basahin”.
The dullness of the color used (58%) was also mentioned as one of the problem in
reading the leaflet. As claimed by one of the respondents, at first glance, you will not
notice the leaflet because of the color. It does not attract their attention easily.
The graphics (36%) was one of the problems encountered by the respondents in
reading the leaflet. As said by one of the respondents, the graphics used were not
attractive because it was not colored. And they also added that it will look realistic if it
has a color.
This supports the statement of Flores, et al. (1983) that rural people prefer
realistic drawings to caricature or modern ones. Illustrations that tell story help reach
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
26
those people in the village
who
cannot
read.
Respondents also claimed that font size (26%) used was small. As stated by one
of the respondents, because of the font size, she can not read the text easily.
Table 7. Problems encountered by the respondents in reading the communication
materials
PROBLEMS FREQUENCY
(N=50)
PERCENTAGE
Poster
Information presented
42
84
Was too general
Lot spaces wasted
39
78
Font style used is
not attractive
15
30
So colorful
15
30
Less graphics used
7
14
Leaflet
Wordy
37
74
Dull color
29
58
Graphics was not colorful
18
36
Small font was used
13
26
*Multiple Responses
Suggestions of the Respondents
Table 8 shows the suggestions of the respondents on the communication
materials.
Poster. The results show that 78% of the respondents suggested that they should
maximize the spaces. As said by one of the respondents, blank spaces does not look good.
Thirty percent of the respondents also claimed that they should change the color. As
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
27
claimed by one of the respondents, the color was bright although it attracts their attention;
too much brightness causes pain to the eyes. Lastly, (20%) of the respondents suggested
that the design (lay-out) should be change. As said by one of the respondents, the design
was common.
Leaflet. The results shows the 80% of the respondents suggested they should
lessen the words in the leaflet it was wordy. Seventy-six percent of the respondents stated
that the color should be changed. According to the respondents the color was dull.
Respondents also claimed that they should also make the graphics colorful (44%) to
make it more realistic. Thirty percent of the respondents said that they should make the
font bigger so that it can be easily read. Lastly, respondents suggested that they should
also use Kankana-ey (22%) as language in the communication material. They explained
that this can catch their attention and interest to read the communication materials.
Table 8. Suggestions of the Respondents * Multiple Responses
SUGGESTIONS FREQUENCY
n=50
PERCENTAGE
Poster
Maximize the spaces
39
78
Change the color (so colorful)
15 30
Change the design (lay-out)
10 20
Leaflet
Lessen the words
40
80
Change the color
38
76
Make the graphics colorful
22
44
Make the font bigger
15
30
Use also (kankana-ey)
11
22
* Multiple Responses
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted on January to February 2008 in Tadian, Mt. Province.
There were 50 respondents and all are married, educated and practicing family planning.
The study focused on the evaluation of the communication materials in terms of
acceptability and comprehensibilty.
Results of the study were -interpreted according to the objective of the study
which were: to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; to determine
respondents’ perceptions as rate of the respondents on the communication materials on
family planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability; to determine how the
communication materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family
planning; to determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading
the communication materials; and determine the suggestion of the respondents for the
improvement of the communication materials.
Majority of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29 and more than
half
(54%)
of
the
respondents
were
housekeepers.
Most (30%) of the respondents have 2 children and Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
was mostly (48%) used by the respondents as their family planning method. Respondents
claimed that the materials were comprehensible because they understood the content. In
terms of language used, graphics/illustrations used, lay-out, font and color. In poster,
respondents claimed that it was acceptable because the language used and
graphics/illustrations used were appropriate and helped them understood better what was
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
29
all about family planning. In the lay-out, most (80%) respondents stated that the lay-out
was organized. Moreover, majority (74%) of the respondents claimed that the font used
in the poster was big enough to read at least 3-5ft away. Most (72%) respondents said
that the color of the font was appropriate to the background and 28% said that it was not
appropriate. In the color of the poster, 56% of the respondents said they were attracted
with the color.
Moreover,
majority
(62%)
of the respondents claimed that the color was pleasing
to eyes and it was also noted that more than half (60%) of the respondents said that the
poster
has
a
good
color
combination.
In leaflet, respondents said that the language and graphics/illustration used were
appropriate, related and helped the respondents understand more about family planning.
Moreover, respondents prefer kankana-ey and English language to be used in the
communication
materials.
Eighty-eight of the respondents said that the color of the font was appropriate to
the background. Moreover, majority (64%) of the respondents said that font style used in
the leaflet help read the content easily. Fifty-two percent of the respondents claimed that
the font size was big enough to read. Most (80%) of the respondents claimed that the
leaflet have good color contrast and 70% of the respondents said that the color used was
pleasing to the eyes. However, seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that the
color
of
the
leaflet
was
not
attractive.
Respondents claimed that the communication materials affect their understanding
about family planning through reading the communication materials and the
communication materials has specific
topic.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
30
In reading the communication materials there were problems encountered by the
respondents. In the poster respondents claimed that the information presented was too
general, a lot, font style used is not attractive, so colorful, and less graphics used were the
problem mentioned by the respondents. Wordy, dull color, graphics was not colorful and
small font was used were also the problems encountered in reading the leaflet.
Seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that they should maximize the
spaces. Thirty percent of the respondents claimed that they should change the color and
the lay-out (20%). Eighty percent of the respondents suggested they should lessen the
words in the leaflet. Seventy-six of the respondents stated that the color should be
change. Respondents also claimed that they should also make the graphics colorful
(44%), and 30% said that they should make the font bigger.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. Most of respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29, were educated and
majority have reached college level.
2. The communication materials are comprehensible.
3. The poster is acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out, font and color.
Leaflet is also acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out and font but in
terms color, is it dull.
4. The respondents understood the content of the communication materials while
reading rather than listening to the explanations of midwife or barangay health
workers.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
31
5. The information presented in the poster is not explained well. The leaflet is dull in
terms of color.
6. Respondents suggested that the space in the poster should be maximized and for
they should lessen the words in the leaflet.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion, recommendations were drawn:
1. The Department of Health should produce more attractive communication
materials by making the graphics colorful to catch the readers' attention.
2. The publishers’ contact number should be indicated for information
verification especially in the leaflet.
3. Further research on the communication materials is recommended to
determine if these are effective to the community especially in the rural
places.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted on January to February 2008 in Tadian, Mt. Province.
There were 50 respondents and all are married, educated and practicing family planning.
The study focused on the evaluation of the communication materials in terms of
acceptability and comprehensibilty.
Results of the study were -interpreted according to the objective of the study
which were: to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; to determine
respondents’ perceptions as rate of the respondents on the communication materials on
family planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability; to determine how the
communication materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family
planning; to determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading
the communication materials; and determine the suggestion of the respondents for the
improvement of the communication materials.
Majority of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29 and more than
half
(54%)
of
the
respondents
were
housekeepers.
Most (30%) of the respondents have 2 children and Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
was mostly (48%) used by the respondents as their family planning method. Respondents
claimed that the materials were comprehensible because they understood the content. In
terms of language used, graphics/illustrations used, lay-out, font and color. In poster,
respondents claimed that it was acceptable because the language used and
graphics/illustrations used were appropriate and helped them understood better what was
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
29
all about family planning. In the lay-out, most (80%) respondents stated that the lay-out
was organized. Moreover, majority (74%) of the respondents claimed that the font used
in the poster was big enough to read at least 3-5ft away. Most (72%) respondents said
that the color of the font was appropriate to the background and 28% said that it was not
appropriate. In the color of the poster, 56% of the respondents said they were attracted
with the color.
Moreover,
majority
(62%)
of the respondents claimed that the color was pleasing
to eyes and it was also noted that more than half (60%) of the respondents said that the
poster
has
a
good
color
combination.
In leaflet, respondents said that the language and graphics/illustration used were
appropriate, related and helped the respondents understand more about family planning.
Moreover, respondents prefer kankana-ey and English language to be used in the
communication
materials.
Eighty-eight of the respondents said that the color of the font was appropriate to
the background. Moreover, majority (64%) of the respondents said that font style used in
the leaflet help read the content easily. Fifty-two percent of the respondents claimed that
the font size was big enough to read. Most (80%) of the respondents claimed that the
leaflet have good color contrast and 70% of the respondents said that the color used was
pleasing to the eyes. However, seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that the
color
of
the
leaflet
was
not
attractive.
Respondents claimed that the communication materials affect their understanding
about family planning through reading the communication materials and the
communication materials has specific
topic.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
30
In reading the communication materials there were problems encountered by the
respondents. In the poster respondents claimed that the information presented was too
general, a lot, font style used is not attractive, so colorful, and less graphics used were the
problem mentioned by the respondents. Wordy, dull color, graphics was not colorful and
small font was used were also the problems encountered in reading the leaflet.
Seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that they should maximize the
spaces. Thirty percent of the respondents claimed that they should change the color and
the lay-out (20%). Eighty percent of the respondents suggested they should lessen the
words in the leaflet. Seventy-six of the respondents stated that the color should be
change. Respondents also claimed that they should also make the graphics colorful
(44%), and 30% said that they should make the font bigger.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. Most of respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29, were educated and
majority have reached college level.
2. The communication materials are comprehensible.
3. The poster is acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out, font and color.
Leaflet is also acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out and font but in
terms color, is it dull.
4. The respondents understood the content of the communication materials while
reading rather than listening to the explanations of midwife or barangay health
workers.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
31
5. The information presented in the poster is not explained well. The leaflet is dull in
terms of color.
6. Respondents suggested that the space in the poster should be maximized and for
they should lessen the words in the leaflet.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion, recommendations were drawn:
1. The Department of Health should produce more attractive communication
materials by making the graphics colorful to catch the readers' attention.
2. The publishers’ contact number should be indicated for information
verification especially in the leaflet.
3. Further research on the communication materials is recommended to
determine if these are effective to the community especially in the rural
places.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
LITERATURE CITED
ABAG, M. T. 2005. Information Needs and Information Sources of the Residents of
Barangay Tawangan and Barangay Lusod in Kabayan, Benguet. BS Thesis
CA, BSU. Pp. 5-6.
ANONYMOUS. 2008. Classification of Communication Materials. Retrieved on March `
25, 2008 from http://www.un.org.in/iawg/icecd/classification of communication
BRAID, F. R. 1983. Communication Strategies for Productivity Improvement. Rev.
Edition. Nordica International Limited. Pp. 141, 158
BRENT, R. 1988. Communication and Human Behavior. Asian Productivity
Organization. Nordica International Limited. Hong Kong. Pp.164-170.
CHAN ROBLES. 1995. Philippines Laws Statutes and Codes. Chan Robles Virtual
Library. Retrieved on March 28, 2008, from
http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno7883.htm
CHRISTIAN AID. 2008. How to Write a Leaflet. Retrieved on March 17, 2008, from
http://www.pressureworks.org/usefulstuff/how/leaflet.html
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 2006. Function. Retrieved on October 20, 2007, from
http://www.lawphil.net/administ/
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE PROPOSAL GRAPHICS. 2007. Retrieved on February 28,
2008,
from
http://www.captureplanning.com/articles/11833.cfm?
DEVITO, D. A. 1978. An Introduction to the Study of Communication. New York:
Harper and Row Publishers. P. 443.
DONNELLEY AND LEE LIBRARY. Evaluating Websites. Retrieved on January
14, 2008, from http://library.lakeforest.edu/help/evalweb.html
DSHS. Health and Recovery Services Administration. 2007. Retrieved on December 20,
2007, from http://fortress.wa.gov/dshs/maa/familyplan/Contraceptive
FAMILY DOCTOR.ORG. 2008. Retrieved on January 7, 2008, from
http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/contraceptive/126.html
DY, M. E. 1998. Design and Production of Communication Materials. MS Thesis.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 26.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
33
MASLOG, C. 1988. Philippine Communication: An Introduction. New Day Publishers.
Quezon City. Pp. 44-45.
MUNICIPALITY OF TADIAN. 2002. History of Tadian. Retrieved on January 14, 2008,
from http://www.tadian.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1.
MIKANOWICZ, C. 2007. National Center of Continuing Education. Retrieved on
November 16, 2007, from http://www.nursece.com/coursedescriptions/
SupervisionManagement.html.
NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY. 1997. Poster & Podium Presentation. Retrieved
on February 28,2008, from http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~mezza/nur390/Mod5/
SEVERIN, W. J. 1979. Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, Uses.
Retrieved on November 16, 2007 from wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication.
SIL INTERNATIONAL. 1999. What is a Poster?. Retrieved on February 28, 2008, from
http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/literacy/ReferenceMaterials/GlossaryOfLiteracy
Terms
USAID. 2006. Exercising Leadership to Make Decentralization Work. Retrieved on
March 30, 2008, from http://erc.msh.org/mainpage.cfm?file=2.1.5q.htm&module
=leadership&language=English
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
Appendix A. Survey Questionnaire
Name: ____________________________
Age: _______
Occupation: ____________________________
Civil status:
_____ Single_____ Married_____ Widow
Educational Attainment:
_______ Elementary level
_______ Elementary graduate
_______ High school level
_______ High school graduate
_______ College level
_______ College graduate
QUESTIONS:
1. How many children do you have? _______
2. Are you practicing any of the family planning methods?
_____ YES, (if yes what method of family planning)
_____ Condom _____ Pills
_____ IUD _____ Abstinence
_____ Diaphragm and cervical cap _____ Tubal ligation (female) and Vasectomy (male)
_____Withdrawal
_____ Fertility awareness-based (fab) methods
_____ DMPA
_____ NO
3. Are you aware of the family planning program of the DOH?
_______ YES _______ NO
4. What is your rating of the respondents on the communication materials on family planning in
terms of accuracy, comprehensibility and acceptability?
I. COMPREHENSIBILTY OF THE COMMUNICATION MATERIALS
• Check the number that corresponds to your answer.
1- Did not understand
2- Difficult to understand
3- Easy to understand
Poster
Content 1
2
3
Effects of family planning
Effects of not practicing family planning
Other reproductive issues or topics
Leaflet
Content 1
2
3
Effects of family planning
Effects of not practicing family planning
Other reproductive issues or topics
35
II. ACCEPTABILITY OF THE COMMUNICATION MATERIALS
Poster
A. Language
• Does the language used is appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
• Did the language help you understand the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
B. Illustration/ graphics
• Are the illustration/ graphics used appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand more about the effects of family
planning? _____ YES ______ NO
C. Lay-out (over-all design)
•
Did the lay-out (over-all design) help you understand better the effects of family planning?
_____ YES _____ NO
D. Font
•
Does the size of the font used is big enough to be read at least 3-5 ft away?
_____ YES _____ NO
• Does the color of the font is appropriate to the background? _____ YES _____ NO
E. Color
• Did the color attract your attention? _____ YES _____ NO
• Do you find the color pleasing to the eye? _____ YES _____ NO
• Does it have good color contrast? _____ YES _____ NO
Leaflet
A. Language
• Is the language used in the leaflet appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
• Did the language help you understand the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
B. Illustration/ graphics
• Are the illustration/ graphics used appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
• Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand more about the effects of family
planning? _____ YES _____ NO
• Are the graphics/illustrations used are realistic? _____ YES _____ NO
C. Lay-out (over-all design)
• Did the lay-out (over-all design) help you understand better the effects of family planning?
_____ YES _____ NO
D. Font
•
Does the size of the font used is big enough to be read? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Does the color of the font is appropriate to the background? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Is the font style used help you easy to read the content? _____ YES _____ NO
E. Color
•
Did the color attract your attention? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Do you find the color pleasing to the eye? _____ YES _____ NO
36
•
Does it have good color contrast? _____ YES _____ NO
4. Did the communication materials affect your understanding on family planning?
_______ Yes
_______ No
How?_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
5. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading or viewing the
communication materials?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. Suggestions of the respondents
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
37
MANZANO, LORIE T. APRIL 2008. Evaluation of Communication Materials on
Family Planning Used in Tadian Mt. Province. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Adviser: Christine Grace B. Sidchogan, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to evaluate the communication materials used by the
Department of Health on Family Planning Program in Tadian, Mt. Province. Specifically,
the study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; to
identify the rating of the respondents on the communication materials on family planning
in terms of accuracy, comprehensibility and acceptability; to enumerate how the
communication materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family
planning; and to determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in
reading the communication materials.
To be able to achieve the study’s objectives, a survey questionnaire was used in
data gathering. Data gathered were consolidated, tabulated summarized and presented in
narrative form.
Results show that majority of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 25-29.
More than half (54%) of the respondents were housekeepers and majority (52%) have
reached college level.
The communication materials were comprehensible and acceptable in terms of the
language, graphics/illustration, lay-out (over-all design), font (size and style) and color.
However, in the leaflet, 70% of the respondents claimed that the color was not
pleasing
to
eyes.
The respondents stated that they understood the content of the communication
materials while reading rather than listening to the explanations of midwife or barangay
health workers.
For the problems encountered by the respondents in reading communication
materials, they stated that in the poster, information presented was too general, a lot of
spaces were seen, font style used is not attractive, too colorful, and less graphics used.
While in the leaflet, they said that it was wordy, it used dull color, graphics were not
colorful and small font was used.
Respondents suggested for the poster, that they should maximize the spaces, and
they should change the color and the design (lay-out). While in the leaflet, respondents
suggested that they should lessen the words, the color should be changed, make the
graphics colorful and they should make the font bigger to make it more readable.
It is recommended that the Department of Health should produce more attractive
communication materials by making the graphics colorful to catch the readers' attention.
It also recommended that the publishers’ contact number should be indicated for
information verification especially in the leaflet. Moreover, further research on the
communication materials to determine if these are effective to the community especially
in the rural places.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Statement of the Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Objectives of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Importance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Scope and Limitation of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Family Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Family Planning Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Communication Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Comprehensibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Barangay Health Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Department of Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Barangay Health Worker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Local Government Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Leaflet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Poster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
iii
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Gathered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-demographic Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Number of Children of the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Methods of Family Planning Used by the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Description of the Communication Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Comprehensibility of the Communication Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Acceptability of the Communication Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Effects of the Communication Materials on
the Understanding of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Reading the Communication Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Suggestions of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary………………………………………………………………
28
Conclusions..…………………………………………………………...
30
Recommendations ……………………………………………………...
31
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………....
32
APPENDIX A. Survey Questionnaire………………………………………….
38
iv
1NTRODUCTION
Rationale
In implementing programs, communication materials are needed to make
information dissemination effective.
Communication is the transmission of information, ideas, values, beliefs and
attitudes from one person to another. It is the basic social process which includes all the
ways by which man shares with his fellow men what are on his mind and heart. These
include gestures, overt behavior and language (Maslog, 1988).
Communication is any act by which one person gives to or receives from other
person information about that person's needs, desires, perceptions, and knowledge.
Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or
unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur
through spoken or other modes.
Communication is a key tool that health care professionals must use to elicit
cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services (Mikanowicz,
2007).
Therefore, communication is a vital element of a society as it is used to
disseminate information and promote understanding among members of society.
According to Braid (1983), most important units in governmental agencies
operate from a central unit. Their principal function is to support the institutions in
diffusing information to the public and creating awareness of their activities.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
2
The Local Government Code devolved the delivery of basic services and the
operation and maintenance of local health facilities such as provincial hospitals and
health centers from the Department of Health (DOH) to provinces, cities and
municipalities. Local government units are now responsible for the performance of
functions that previously belonged to the said national agency. Since health services were
among the first to be devolved pursuant to RA 7160, only a few functions, programs and
services can be devolved to LGUs without undermining the core mandate of the
Department of Health.
Tadian, Mt. Province is one of the recipients of DOH programs. One of these is
the Family Planning Program where free contraceptive are given away, consultation are
done regularly, and communication materials are distributed.
Tadian is a 4th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province,
Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 18,227 people in 3,567
household. There are 19 barangays comprising the municipality namely; Balaoa, Banaao,
Bantey, Batayan, Bunga, Cadad-anan, Cagubatan, Duagan, Dacudac, Lenga, Lubon
(Lub-ong), Mabalite, Masla, Pandayan, Poblacion, Sumadel, Tue, Kayan West, and
Kayan East.
Since Tadian is a rural place, an evaluation of communication materials on family
planning is needed to determine the effectiveness of these materials in conveying the
message on family planning to the community and if the communication materials has
influenced their comprehension towards family planning.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
3
Statement of the Problem
The study evaluated the communication materials on family planning used in
Tadian, Mt. Province. This study answered the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What is the rating of the respondents on the communication materials on family
planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability?
3. How do the communication materials affect the understanding of the
respondents about family planning?
4. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading the
communication materials?
5. What are the suggestion of the respondents for the improvement of the
communication materials?
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study were:
1. To determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents;
2. To determine the respondents’ perception as rate on the communication
materials in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability;
3. To determine how the communication materials affect the understanding of the
respondents about family planning;
4. To determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading
the communication materials; and,
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
4
5. Determine the suggestion of the respondents for the improvement of the
communication materials.
Importance of the Study
The results of the study could help the Department of Health (DOH) improve
their existing communication materials to make their family program more effective. The
practical insights of the respondents that were gathered from the study can also help
communication students and practitioners to picture the real scenario in a community
when it comes to family planning. It will guide them in coming up with communication
materials that will convey message effectively.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study was conducted from January to February 2008. The study focused on
the evaluation communication materials on Family Planning Program used in Tadian, Mt.
Province in terms of acceptability and comprehensibility.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Different organizations and groups used communication materials to relay ideas,
concepts, and services among others to people in the community to have effective
information dissemination.
Communication is the transmission of information, ideas, values, beliefs and
attitudes from one person to another. It is the basic social process which includes all the
ways by which man shares with his fellow men what are on his mind and heart. These
include gestures, overt behavior and language (Maslog, 1988).
Communication is a key tool that health care professionals must use to elicit
cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services. It is an integral part
of socialization and imperative in establishing relationships. In the medical community, it
can be described as a process of sharing information through utilization of a set of
common rules. These rules vary with circumstances: for instance, the transfer of
information can be interrupted by situational pressure; differences between the
professionals' perspectives can interfere with shared meanings; and the rules of the
process of communication can be changed with inappropriate (Mikanowicz, 2007).
Communication is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by
several methods. The word communication is also used in the context where little or no
feedback is expected such as broadcasting, or where the feedback may be delayed as the
sender or receiver use different methods, technologies, timing and means for feedback
(Severin, 1979).
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
6
Family planning is achieving desired family size and proper birth spacing by
using safe and effective modern methods. Research shows that effective family planning
prevents up to one out of four maternal deaths and one-third of infant and children’s
deaths in developing country. Family planning is observed by 40.74% of the married
while 19.75% do not practice (Grolier Family Encyclopedia).
Family Planning Methods
Natural family planning is a way to help a couple determine when sexual
intercourse can and cannot result in pregnancy. There are two natural family planning
methods these are the ovulation and symptothermal method (DSHS).
Contraceptive family planning methods are barrier methods, hormonal methods,
surgical methods and others methods.
Barrier methods are the male condoms, female condoms, diaphragm and cervical
cap, spermicide, and sponge.
Hormonal methods
1. Emergency contraceptive pills – prevent pregnancy if taken after sex.
2. Pills – are very effective if you take them every day at the same time.
3. Patch – a thin, stick-on square with hormones that go through the skin to prevent
pregnancy.
4. Vaginal ring – a small, flexible ring put into woman’s vagina; releases hormones to
prevent pregnancy.
5. Depo-Provera - is a long-acting hormonal form of birth control. It contains
medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which is similar to the natural progesterone
produced by the ovaries during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It is given by
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
7
injection (shot) in the buttocks or upper arm muscle. Injections must be received on a
regular basis every 12-13 weeks.
6. Implants – small, flexible capsules inserted under the skin; release hormones to prevent
pregnancy.
7. IUD – a trained health care provider puts a small, plastic device into a woman’s uterus.
the IUD contains copper or hormones that keep sperm from fertilizing the egg.
Abstinence
1. Abstinence – “Perfect” abstinence is the only 100% sure way to avoid pregnancy.
Surgical methods
1. Tubal ligation (female) and Vasectomy (male) – surgeries prevent pregnancy by
cutting and sealing the tubes that carry the egg or sperm.
Other methods
1. Withdrawal – man pulls penis out and away before ejaculation. Effectiveness depends
on his ability to know when he will ejaculate and to respond quickly.
2. Breast feeding – on demand 24 hours a day with no other food or formula given to
offer pregnancy protection for up to 6 months post partum.
3. Fertility awareness-based (fab) methods – with good information and practice, a
woman becomes familiar with her menstrual cycle and signs of ovulation.
Communication Materials
The compilation and analysis of the information and communication material is
based on users and category of materials. Users have been classified into NGOs, trainers,
policy makers, SHG leaders, etc., while categories of material have been grouped as
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
8
books, films, reports, papers, etc. Communication materials are used to carry out various
activities required at different stages of the micro finance operations. It therefore relates
to the task effectiveness and outcome expected to be achieved during this process, and
how effectively it is being done or can be done. The need for communication materials
and correspondingly the materials collected thus can be grouped into the following
categories (Anonymous, 2008).
Comprehensibility
Comprehensibility is dependent on two important cognitive abilities -
understanding of language and understanding of event sequences (Richards et al., 2004).
Definition of terms
Barangay Health Center. The major function of the rural health unit includes
preventive and rehabilitative aspect of health care such as immunization, family planning,
maternal and child care, public health education and environmental sanitation.
Department of Health. The Department of Health (DOH) is the principal health
agency in the Philippines. It is responsible for ensuring access to basic public health
services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of
providers of health goods and services (DOH, 2006).
Given the mandate, DOH is both a stakeholder in the health sector and a policy
and regulatory body for health. As a major player, DOH is a technical resource, a
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
9
catalyze for health policy and a political sponsor and advocate for health issues in behalf
of the health sector (DOH, 2006).
Barangay Health Workers. The term “barangay health workers” refers to a person
who has undergone training programs under any accredited government and non-
government organization and who voluntarily renders primarily health care services in
the community after having been accredited to function as such by the local health board
in accordance with the guidelines promulgated by the Department of Health (DOH)
(Chan Robles, 1995).
Local Government Unit. Following the passage of the Local Government Code of
1991, the Philippines central government turned the provision of health services over to
local government units (LGUs) in 1993. The LGUs consist of municipalities (towns),
cities, and provinces. This divided responsibility for primary and secondary health
services: municipal governments became responsible for primary health facilities, and
provincial governments took over district and provincial hospitals (USAID 2006).
Leaflet. Type of open letter or postcard, designed to be handed out to people,
either by hand, by post, inserted in local newspapers for distribution, left in venues,
shops, restaurants, cafes, libraries or anywhere where they will catch a person's eye.
Leaflets are for delivering useful, reusable information. The size and shape of the leaflet
is a major factor in its success (Christian Aid, 2007).
Poster. An informative, often decorative way to attract attention to the
information it contains. A poster is a bill or placard usually displayed in a public place. It
is often decorated with designs or illustration (SIL International 1999).
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
Tadian is a 4th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province (Figure 1)
Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 18,227 people in 3,567
households. There are 19 barangays comprising the municipality namely; Balaoa,
Banaao, Bantey, Batayan, Bunga, Cadad-anan, Cagubatan, Duagan, Dacudac, Lenga,
Lubon (Lub-ong), Mabalite, Masla, Pandayan, Poblacion, Sumadel, Tue, Kayan West,
and Kayan East. It is geographically located in the south western part of Mountain
Province, on coordinates 16’45” latitudes and 120’5” longitude. It is about 38 kilometers
and 127 kilometers from Bontoc, the capital town and Baguio City respectively. It is
bounded on the west by the Province of Ilocos Sur (Cervantes municipality), on the east
by the municipality of Bauko, on the south by the Province of Benguet (Mankayan
municipality) and on the north by municipality
of
Besao.
.
It is accessible to Baguio City by land transport through the Halsema Highway,
also known as Mountain Trail that passes through the Province of Benguet. It is also
accessible to the lowland region through the historical Bessang Pass that passes through
the Province of Ilocos Sur. Tadian municipality is generally mountainous with general
slopes of over 18 percent. Its elevation ranges from 440 m to 2113m above sea level.
Poblacion, the seat of the municipal government has general elevation of 1,340 m above
sea level. It has 2 major rivers that both drain to the Abra River, namely: Abit River that
drains the southeastern portion and Decapeo River that drain the northwest portion.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
11
Figure 1. Map of Tadian, Mt. Province
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
12
Tadian municipality is currently served by one doctor, one dentist, a public health
nurse, 12 rural health midwives, one medical technologist, a rural sanitary inspector, a
dental aide and 106 barangay health workers (BHWS). It has a Rural Health Unit located
at the Poblacion and only 12 Barangay health stations of the 19 BHS requirement
municipal wide.
The place of study was chosen because of its accessibility that could be a help in
dissemination of information with the use of communication materials.
The study was conducted from December to January 2008. .
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were two personnel of Barangay Health Center and
48 community members who were practicing family planning and were chosen through
purposive
sampling.
Data Collection
The primary tool used in the data collection of the study was survey
questionnaires as a guide questions and interview schedule were used. Interviews were
personally conducted by the researcher using combination of English, Iloko and
Kankana-ey.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were the evaluation of communication materials on family
planning program in used Tadian, Mt. Province, the socio-demographic profile of the
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
13
respondents, respondents’ perception as rate on the communication materials on family
planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability; how the communication
materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family planning and the
common problems encountered by the respondents in reading the communication
materials.
Data Analysis
The data and information gathered were organized, tabulated, summarized and
presented in narrative form.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 shows the respondents’ age, occupation and educational attainment. All
of the respondents were women. Twenty-eight percent of the respondents belonged to the
age bracket of 25-29, while 24% belongs to the age bracket of 20-24 and 30-34. Out of
the 50 respondents, 14% belonged to the age bracket of 35-39 and 10% belonged to the
age bracket of 40-44. In the occupation of the respondents, more than half (54%) of the
respondents
were
housekeepers.
In terms of the educational attainment of the respondents, all of them were
educated. More than half (52%) of the respondents have reached the college level. There
were 18% who graduated from college. In addition, 16% were high school graduate and
16% of the respondents reached high school level. This implies that most of the
respondents who are practicing family planning were educated.
Number of Children of the Respondents
Table 2 shows the number of children of the respondents. Out of the 50
respondents, 30% had 2 children, 24% had only one child, 22% had 3 children, 16% have
4 children and only 8% had 5 children. This implies that respondents who are practicing
family planning have less number of children.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
15
Table 1. Socio-demographic profile of the respondents
CHARACTERISTIC FREQUENCY
(n=50)
PERCENTAGE
Age
20-24
12
24
25-29
14
28
30-34
12
24
35-39
7
14
40-44
5
10
TOTAL 50
100
1
Occupation
Housekeeper
27
54
Storekeeper
7
14
Farmer
5
10
Government Employee
4
8
Teacher
2
4
TOTAL 50
100
Educational Attainment
High School Level
7
14
High School Graduate
8
16
College Level
26
52
College Graduate
9
18
TOTAL 50
100
Table 2. Number of children of the respondents
CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY
(n=50) PERCENTAGE
No. of Children
1 12
24
2 15
30
3 11
22
4 8
16
5 4
8
TOTAL 50 100
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
16
Methods of Family Planning Used by the Respondents
Table 3 shows the family planning methods used by the respondents. The results
show that the 48% used the Intra Uterine Device (IUD) as their family planning method.
Moreover, 34% of the respondents claimed that they were using Depot Medroxy-
Progesterone Acetate (DMPA), while 22% were using the natural method which includes
the withdrawal method. Only 5% of them were using the rhythm method.
It can be noted that some of the respondents were still using the natural methods
which include withdrawal and rhythm methods.
Table 3. Family planning methods used by the respondents
FAMILY PLANNING
FREQUENCY (n=50)
PERCENTAGE
METHODS
Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
24
48
Depo-Provera (DMPA)
17
34
Withdrawal 11
22
Pills
10
20
Abstinence
10
20
Tubal Ligation
4
8
Calendar
3
6
Rhythm 2
5
* Multiple Responses
Description of the Communication Materials
Poster. Figure 2 shows the description of the poster. The size of the poster was 24
x 36. It contains the effects of family planning and the information was supplemented by
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
17
graphics. The font style used was Arial, and the color of the font was white. The
dominant color of the poster was red. The language used was Filipino.
Figure 2. Family planning poster
Leaflet.
Figure 3 shows the description of the leaflet. The size of the leaflet was
8.5x11. The content of the leaflet are the effects of family planning. It used
graphics/illustration in presenting the information. The font style used was Arial, size 10
and 14 and Copperplate Gothic Bold, size 36 and 24. The color of the leaflet was white
and orange. The language used was Ilocano.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
18
Figure 3. Family planning leaflet
Comprehensibility of the Communication Materials
The comprehensibility of the leaflets and poster was measured in terms of level of
understanding, which included the following criteria: did not understand, difficult to
understand and, or easy to understand. One poster and one leaflet were evaluated.
Poster. The comprehensibility of the poster as identified by the respondents was
measured in terms of level of understanding the content of the poster.
It can be seen that all (100%) of the respondents claimed that they easily
understood the effects of family planning by merely looking at the poster.
During the interview, the respondents stated that they understood the positive
effects of family planning. As said by one of them, family planning is not hard to do,
most especially if you have a good communication with your partner, it will be easy and
if really like it, both of you will do it.
Leaflet. The comprehensibility of the leaflet as identified by the respondents was
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
19
measured in terms of the level of understanding the content.
In leaflet, all (100%) of the respondents stated that they easily understood the
effects of not practicing family planning.
According to the respondents, the effects of not practicing family planning was
more on women health such as when the woman becomes weak because of always giving
birth. Moreover, respondents also claimed that having many children was really a big
problem especially if they can not provide
their
needs.
Acceptability of the Communication Materials
Table 4 and 5 shows the acceptability of the communication materials in terms of
the language, graphics/illustration, lay-out (over-all design), font, and color used.
Poster. Table 4 shows that it can be noted that the poster used the Filipino
language in disseminating information about family planning.
The respondents said that the language and graphics/ illustration used were
appropriate, related and helped them understand more about the effects of family
planning.
Fig. 4 shows the text and graphics on the poster. The respondents stated that the
graphics convey emotions and ideas much faster than the text. As said by one of the
respondents, just by looking at the graphics, they understood immediately the effects of
family planning.
In terms of the lay-out (over-all design), most (80%) of the respondents claimed
that the lay-out helped them to understand more about the effects family planning. As
said by the respondents, the lay-out was organized, the letters used were readable, and
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
20
Fig. 4. Text and graphics on the poster
it can be read from a reasonable distance, it has good color combination and the
graphics used were appropriate. Only 20% claimed that it did not affect them at all.
According to Benson (2002), visual design is not just about making your
application look pretty. Good visual design is about communication. A well-designed
application will make it easy for the user to understand the information that is being
presented, and show them clearly how they can interact with that information
Moreover, majority (74%) of the respondents claimed that the font size used in
the poster was big enough to read at least 3-5ft away. Twenty-six percent of the
respondents said that the font was not big enough to be read.
During the interview, most (72%) of the respondents said that the color of the font
was appropriate to the background and 28% said that it was not appropriate. As said by
one of the respondents, the color of the background (red) was too bright and also the
color of the font (white) was not good for the eyes.
In terms of the color of the poster, 56% of the respondents said that they were
attracted with the color and 44% were not attracted. According to the respondents, they
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
21
were not attracted with the color of the poster because they said that the dominant color
(red) is monotonous. Others also claimed that it was so simple and the design is very
common.
Moreover,
majority
(62%)
of the respondents claimed that the color of the poster
was pleasing to eyes and 38% said that it was not pleasing to eyes. It was also noted that
more than half (60%) of the respondents said the poster has a good color contrast. This is
because one of the respondents claimed that the text can be easily read.
Table 4. Acceptability of the Poster
YES NO
CHARACTERISTICS
N=50 % N=50
%
Language
- -
Is the language used appropriate to the topic?
50
100
Did the language help you understand the topic?
50
100
-
-
Illustration/Graphics
50 100
Are the illustration/ graphics used related to the topic?
-
-
Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand
50 100 - -
more about the effects of family planning?
Lay-out (over-all design)
Did the lay-out (over- all design) help you understand 40
80
10
20
more about the effects of family planning?
Font
Is the size of the font used big enough to be read at least 34
74
13
26
3-5 ft away?
Is the color of the font appropriate to the background?
36
72
14
28
Color
Did the color attract your attention?
28
56
22
44
Do you find the color pleasing to the eye?
31 62 19 38
Does it have good color contrast?
30 60 20 40
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
22
Leaflet. Table 5 shows that the leaflet used Ilocano language. The language and
graphics/illustration used were appropriate, related and helped the respondents
understand more about family planning, as claimed by them.
However, respondents said that they preferred vernacular dialect (Kankana-ey)
and English language to be used in the communication materials.
This supports the study of Enkiwe (2006) that respondents prefer English
translation of the EIC material because they were used to reading English text than
Ilocano.
The respondents further said that the graphics used in the communication
materials convey emotions and ideas more effective than the text. The graphics used in
the leaflet made the information easy to be understood.
As cited by Olanio (2006), it is important that the leaflet should look interesting
and attractive at the first glance so that the readers will be urged to continue reading.
In terms of the font used, 88% of the respondents said that the color of the font
was appropriate to the background. During the interview, respondents said that the color
black and white was a good combination. Only 12% said that it was not appropriate.
Moreover, majority (64%) of the respondents said that font style used in the
leaflet helped them easily read the content. As said by one of the respondents, the font
style was simple enough to be read.
In addition, 52% of the respondents claimed that the font size was big enough to
read. However, 48% said that font size was small. As claimed by one of the respondents,
a person can not read if he/she have eye defect that he/she needs to use eye glasses.
In terms of the color of the leaflet, great majority (80%) of the respondents
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
23
claimed that the leaflet has a good color contrast and 70% of the respondents said that the
colors used were pleasing to the eyes. The color of the leaflet was white and the font
color
was
black
and
orange.
However, 78% of the respondents said that the color of the leaflet was not
attractive because it was not colorful.
Table 5. Acceptability of the leaflet
YES
NO
CHARACTERISTICS
N=50
%
N=50
%
Language
Is the language used appropriate to the topic?
50
100
-
-
Did the language help you understand the topic?
50
100
-
-
Illustration/Graphics
Are the illustration/ graphics used related to the topic?
50
100
-
-
Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand
50
10
-
-
more about the effects of family planning?
Lay-out (over-all design)
Did the lay-out (over- all design) help you understand -
45
90
5
10
more about the effects of family planning?
Font
Is the size of the font used is big enough to be read?
26
52
24
48
Is the color of the font is appropriate to the background
44
88
6
12
Color
Did the color attract your attention?
11
22
39
78
Do you find the color pleasing to the eye?
35
70
15
30
Does it have a good color contrast?
10
20
40
80
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
24
Effects of the Communication Materials on
the Understanding of the Respondents
Table 6 shows that respondents mentioned several effects of the communication
materials on their understanding about family planning. Forty six percent of the
respondents said that they understood better what was all about family planning when
they were reading the content rather than listening to the midwife or barangay barangay
health
workers
alone.
As said by one of the respondents, because of work, sometimes, they do not have
time to go to the health center. And even if the midwife of barangay health workers will
conduct home visits, their time is also limited and they only come when it is scheduled.
As compared to the distributed leaflets and posted posters, they can read it
anytime they want.
Twenty-eight percent of the respondents also claimed that the information
presented on the communication materials focuses on one topic. Like in the leaflet, it
focused on the effects of not practicing family planning which helped the readers in
understanding the topics better.
Table 6. Effects of the communication materials on the understanding of the respondents
EFFECTS FREQUENCY
N=50
%
I understand it better if I’m reading it
23 46
rather than listening
The communication materials have
14 28
specific topic
The topic were more explained and
12 24
elaborated (leaflet)
Additional information were presented
8
16
* Multiple Responses
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
25
Problems Encountered by the Respondents in
Reading the Communication Materials
Table 7 shows the problems encountered by the respondents in reading the
communication materials.
Poster. The results show that there were 84% of the respondents who claimed that
the information presented was general. As said by one of the respondents, the information
was not explained well. Seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that the poster has
a lot of empty spaces or wasted spaces. According to the respondents, there were spaces
that were not occupied and it does not look good.
Moreover, 30% of the respondents also mentioned that the font style used was not
attractive and 30% said that it was so colorful that it hurts the eye. During the interview,
respondents said that the font style was so simple.
Leaflet. The results show that most (74%) of the respondents claimed that the
leaflet was wordy. As said by one of the respondents, “dahil wordy, nakakatamad tuloy
basahin”.
The dullness of the color used (58%) was also mentioned as one of the problem in
reading the leaflet. As claimed by one of the respondents, at first glance, you will not
notice the leaflet because of the color. It does not attract their attention easily.
The graphics (36%) was one of the problems encountered by the respondents in
reading the leaflet. As said by one of the respondents, the graphics used were not
attractive because it was not colored. And they also added that it will look realistic if it
has a color.
This supports the statement of Flores, et al. (1983) that rural people prefer
realistic drawings to caricature or modern ones. Illustrations that tell story help reach
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
26
those people in the village
who
cannot
read.
Respondents also claimed that font size (26%) used was small. As stated by one
of the respondents, because of the font size, she can not read the text easily.
Table 7. Problems encountered by the respondents in reading the communication
materials
PROBLEMS FREQUENCY
(N=50)
PERCENTAGE
Poster
Information presented
42
84
Was too general
Lot spaces wasted
39
78
Font style used is
not attractive
15
30
So colorful
15
30
Less graphics used
7
14
Leaflet
Wordy
37
74
Dull color
29
58
Graphics was not colorful
18
36
Small font was used
13
26
*Multiple Responses
Suggestions of the Respondents
Table 8 shows the suggestions of the respondents on the communication
materials.
Poster. The results show that 78% of the respondents suggested that they should
maximize the spaces. As said by one of the respondents, blank spaces does not look good.
Thirty percent of the respondents also claimed that they should change the color. As
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
27
claimed by one of the respondents, the color was bright although it attracts their attention;
too much brightness causes pain to the eyes. Lastly, (20%) of the respondents suggested
that the design (lay-out) should be change. As said by one of the respondents, the design
was common.
Leaflet. The results shows the 80% of the respondents suggested they should
lessen the words in the leaflet it was wordy. Seventy-six percent of the respondents stated
that the color should be changed. According to the respondents the color was dull.
Respondents also claimed that they should also make the graphics colorful (44%) to
make it more realistic. Thirty percent of the respondents said that they should make the
font bigger so that it can be easily read. Lastly, respondents suggested that they should
also use Kankana-ey (22%) as language in the communication material. They explained
that this can catch their attention and interest to read the communication materials.
Table 8. Suggestions of the Respondents * Multiple Responses
SUGGESTIONS FREQUENCY
n=50
PERCENTAGE
Poster
Maximize the spaces
39
78
Change the color (so colorful)
15 30
Change the design (lay-out)
10 20
Leaflet
Lessen the words
40
80
Change the color
38
76
Make the graphics colorful
22
44
Make the font bigger
15
30
Use also (kankana-ey)
11
22
* Multiple Responses
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted on January to February 2008 in Tadian, Mt. Province.
There were 50 respondents and all are married, educated and practicing family planning.
The study focused on the evaluation of the communication materials in terms of
acceptability and comprehensibilty.
Results of the study were -interpreted according to the objective of the study
which were: to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; to determine
respondents’ perceptions as rate of the respondents on the communication materials on
family planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability; to determine how the
communication materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family
planning; to determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading
the communication materials; and determine the suggestion of the respondents for the
improvement of the communication materials.
Majority of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29 and more than
half
(54%)
of
the
respondents
were
housekeepers.
Most (30%) of the respondents have 2 children and Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
was mostly (48%) used by the respondents as their family planning method. Respondents
claimed that the materials were comprehensible because they understood the content. In
terms of language used, graphics/illustrations used, lay-out, font and color. In poster,
respondents claimed that it was acceptable because the language used and
graphics/illustrations used were appropriate and helped them understood better what was
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
29
all about family planning. In the lay-out, most (80%) respondents stated that the lay-out
was organized. Moreover, majority (74%) of the respondents claimed that the font used
in the poster was big enough to read at least 3-5ft away. Most (72%) respondents said
that the color of the font was appropriate to the background and 28% said that it was not
appropriate. In the color of the poster, 56% of the respondents said they were attracted
with the color.
Moreover,
majority
(62%)
of the respondents claimed that the color was pleasing
to eyes and it was also noted that more than half (60%) of the respondents said that the
poster
has
a
good
color
combination.
In leaflet, respondents said that the language and graphics/illustration used were
appropriate, related and helped the respondents understand more about family planning.
Moreover, respondents prefer kankana-ey and English language to be used in the
communication
materials.
Eighty-eight of the respondents said that the color of the font was appropriate to
the background. Moreover, majority (64%) of the respondents said that font style used in
the leaflet help read the content easily. Fifty-two percent of the respondents claimed that
the font size was big enough to read. Most (80%) of the respondents claimed that the
leaflet have good color contrast and 70% of the respondents said that the color used was
pleasing to the eyes. However, seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that the
color
of
the
leaflet
was
not
attractive.
Respondents claimed that the communication materials affect their understanding
about family planning through reading the communication materials and the
communication materials has specific
topic.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
30
In reading the communication materials there were problems encountered by the
respondents. In the poster respondents claimed that the information presented was too
general, a lot, font style used is not attractive, so colorful, and less graphics used were the
problem mentioned by the respondents. Wordy, dull color, graphics was not colorful and
small font was used were also the problems encountered in reading the leaflet.
Seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that they should maximize the
spaces. Thirty percent of the respondents claimed that they should change the color and
the lay-out (20%). Eighty percent of the respondents suggested they should lessen the
words in the leaflet. Seventy-six of the respondents stated that the color should be
change. Respondents also claimed that they should also make the graphics colorful
(44%), and 30% said that they should make the font bigger.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. Most of respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29, were educated and
majority have reached college level.
2. The communication materials are comprehensible.
3. The poster is acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out, font and color.
Leaflet is also acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out and font but in
terms color, is it dull.
4. The respondents understood the content of the communication materials while
reading rather than listening to the explanations of midwife or barangay health
workers.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
31
5. The information presented in the poster is not explained well. The leaflet is dull in
terms of color.
6. Respondents suggested that the space in the poster should be maximized and for
they should lessen the words in the leaflet.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion, recommendations were drawn:
1. The Department of Health should produce more attractive communication
materials by making the graphics colorful to catch the readers' attention.
2. The publishers’ contact number should be indicated for information
verification especially in the leaflet.
3. Further research on the communication materials is recommended to
determine if these are effective to the community especially in the rural
places.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted on January to February 2008 in Tadian, Mt. Province.
There were 50 respondents and all are married, educated and practicing family planning.
The study focused on the evaluation of the communication materials in terms of
acceptability and comprehensibilty.
Results of the study were -interpreted according to the objective of the study
which were: to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents; to determine
respondents’ perceptions as rate of the respondents on the communication materials on
family planning in terms of comprehensibility and acceptability; to determine how the
communication materials affect the understanding of the respondents about family
planning; to determine the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading
the communication materials; and determine the suggestion of the respondents for the
improvement of the communication materials.
Majority of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29 and more than
half
(54%)
of
the
respondents
were
housekeepers.
Most (30%) of the respondents have 2 children and Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
was mostly (48%) used by the respondents as their family planning method. Respondents
claimed that the materials were comprehensible because they understood the content. In
terms of language used, graphics/illustrations used, lay-out, font and color. In poster,
respondents claimed that it was acceptable because the language used and
graphics/illustrations used were appropriate and helped them understood better what was
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
29
all about family planning. In the lay-out, most (80%) respondents stated that the lay-out
was organized. Moreover, majority (74%) of the respondents claimed that the font used
in the poster was big enough to read at least 3-5ft away. Most (72%) respondents said
that the color of the font was appropriate to the background and 28% said that it was not
appropriate. In the color of the poster, 56% of the respondents said they were attracted
with the color.
Moreover,
majority
(62%)
of the respondents claimed that the color was pleasing
to eyes and it was also noted that more than half (60%) of the respondents said that the
poster
has
a
good
color
combination.
In leaflet, respondents said that the language and graphics/illustration used were
appropriate, related and helped the respondents understand more about family planning.
Moreover, respondents prefer kankana-ey and English language to be used in the
communication
materials.
Eighty-eight of the respondents said that the color of the font was appropriate to
the background. Moreover, majority (64%) of the respondents said that font style used in
the leaflet help read the content easily. Fifty-two percent of the respondents claimed that
the font size was big enough to read. Most (80%) of the respondents claimed that the
leaflet have good color contrast and 70% of the respondents said that the color used was
pleasing to the eyes. However, seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that the
color
of
the
leaflet
was
not
attractive.
Respondents claimed that the communication materials affect their understanding
about family planning through reading the communication materials and the
communication materials has specific
topic.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
30
In reading the communication materials there were problems encountered by the
respondents. In the poster respondents claimed that the information presented was too
general, a lot, font style used is not attractive, so colorful, and less graphics used were the
problem mentioned by the respondents. Wordy, dull color, graphics was not colorful and
small font was used were also the problems encountered in reading the leaflet.
Seventy-eight percent of the respondents said that they should maximize the
spaces. Thirty percent of the respondents claimed that they should change the color and
the lay-out (20%). Eighty percent of the respondents suggested they should lessen the
words in the leaflet. Seventy-six of the respondents stated that the color should be
change. Respondents also claimed that they should also make the graphics colorful
(44%), and 30% said that they should make the font bigger.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. Most of respondents belonged to the age bracket of 25-29, were educated and
majority have reached college level.
2. The communication materials are comprehensible.
3. The poster is acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out, font and color.
Leaflet is also acceptable in terms of language, graphics, lay-out and font but in
terms color, is it dull.
4. The respondents understood the content of the communication materials while
reading rather than listening to the explanations of midwife or barangay health
workers.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
31
5. The information presented in the poster is not explained well. The leaflet is dull in
terms of color.
6. Respondents suggested that the space in the poster should be maximized and for
they should lessen the words in the leaflet.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion, recommendations were drawn:
1. The Department of Health should produce more attractive communication
materials by making the graphics colorful to catch the readers' attention.
2. The publishers’ contact number should be indicated for information
verification especially in the leaflet.
3. Further research on the communication materials is recommended to
determine if these are effective to the community especially in the rural
places.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
LITERATURE CITED
ABAG, M. T. 2005. Information Needs and Information Sources of the Residents of
Barangay Tawangan and Barangay Lusod in Kabayan, Benguet. BS Thesis
CA, BSU. Pp. 5-6.
ANONYMOUS. 2008. Classification of Communication Materials. Retrieved on March `
25, 2008 from http://www.un.org.in/iawg/icecd/classification of communication
BRAID, F. R. 1983. Communication Strategies for Productivity Improvement. Rev.
Edition. Nordica International Limited. Pp. 141, 158
BRENT, R. 1988. Communication and Human Behavior. Asian Productivity
Organization. Nordica International Limited. Hong Kong. Pp.164-170.
CHAN ROBLES. 1995. Philippines Laws Statutes and Codes. Chan Robles Virtual
Library. Retrieved on March 28, 2008, from
http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno7883.htm
CHRISTIAN AID. 2008. How to Write a Leaflet. Retrieved on March 17, 2008, from
http://www.pressureworks.org/usefulstuff/how/leaflet.html
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 2006. Function. Retrieved on October 20, 2007, from
http://www.lawphil.net/administ/
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE PROPOSAL GRAPHICS. 2007. Retrieved on February 28,
2008,
from
http://www.captureplanning.com/articles/11833.cfm?
DEVITO, D. A. 1978. An Introduction to the Study of Communication. New York:
Harper and Row Publishers. P. 443.
DONNELLEY AND LEE LIBRARY. Evaluating Websites. Retrieved on January
14, 2008, from http://library.lakeforest.edu/help/evalweb.html
DSHS. Health and Recovery Services Administration. 2007. Retrieved on December 20,
2007, from http://fortress.wa.gov/dshs/maa/familyplan/Contraceptive
FAMILY DOCTOR.ORG. 2008. Retrieved on January 7, 2008, from
http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/contraceptive/126.html
DY, M. E. 1998. Design and Production of Communication Materials. MS Thesis.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 26.
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
33
MASLOG, C. 1988. Philippine Communication: An Introduction. New Day Publishers.
Quezon City. Pp. 44-45.
MUNICIPALITY OF TADIAN. 2002. History of Tadian. Retrieved on January 14, 2008,
from http://www.tadian.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1.
MIKANOWICZ, C. 2007. National Center of Continuing Education. Retrieved on
November 16, 2007, from http://www.nursece.com/coursedescriptions/
SupervisionManagement.html.
NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY. 1997. Poster & Podium Presentation. Retrieved
on February 28,2008, from http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~mezza/nur390/Mod5/
SEVERIN, W. J. 1979. Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, Uses.
Retrieved on November 16, 2007 from wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication.
SIL INTERNATIONAL. 1999. What is a Poster?. Retrieved on February 28, 2008, from
http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/literacy/ReferenceMaterials/GlossaryOfLiteracy
Terms
USAID. 2006. Exercising Leadership to Make Decentralization Work. Retrieved on
March 30, 2008, from http://erc.msh.org/mainpage.cfm?file=2.1.5q.htm&module
=leadership&language=English
Evaluation of Communication Materials on Family Planning Used
in Tadian Mt. Province / Lorie T. MAnzano. 2008
Appendix A. Survey Questionnaire
Name: ____________________________
Age: _______
Occupation: ____________________________
Civil status:
_____ Single_____ Married_____ Widow
Educational Attainment:
_______ Elementary level
_______ Elementary graduate
_______ High school level
_______ High school graduate
_______ College level
_______ College graduate
QUESTIONS:
1. How many children do you have? _______
2. Are you practicing any of the family planning methods?
_____ YES, (if yes what method of family planning)
_____ Condom _____ Pills
_____ IUD _____ Abstinence
_____ Diaphragm and cervical cap _____ Tubal ligation (female) and Vasectomy (male)
_____Withdrawal
_____ Fertility awareness-based (fab) methods
_____ DMPA
_____ NO
3. Are you aware of the family planning program of the DOH?
_______ YES _______ NO
4. What is your rating of the respondents on the communication materials on family planning in
terms of accuracy, comprehensibility and acceptability?
I. COMPREHENSIBILTY OF THE COMMUNICATION MATERIALS
• Check the number that corresponds to your answer.
1- Did not understand
2- Difficult to understand
3- Easy to understand
Poster
Content 1
2
3
Effects of family planning
Effects of not practicing family planning
Other reproductive issues or topics
Leaflet
Content 1
2
3
Effects of family planning
Effects of not practicing family planning
Other reproductive issues or topics
35
II. ACCEPTABILITY OF THE COMMUNICATION MATERIALS
Poster
A. Language
• Does the language used is appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
• Did the language help you understand the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
B. Illustration/ graphics
• Are the illustration/ graphics used appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand more about the effects of family
planning? _____ YES ______ NO
C. Lay-out (over-all design)
•
Did the lay-out (over-all design) help you understand better the effects of family planning?
_____ YES _____ NO
D. Font
•
Does the size of the font used is big enough to be read at least 3-5 ft away?
_____ YES _____ NO
• Does the color of the font is appropriate to the background? _____ YES _____ NO
E. Color
• Did the color attract your attention? _____ YES _____ NO
• Do you find the color pleasing to the eye? _____ YES _____ NO
• Does it have good color contrast? _____ YES _____ NO
Leaflet
A. Language
• Is the language used in the leaflet appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
• Did the language help you understand the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
B. Illustration/ graphics
• Are the illustration/ graphics used appropriate to the topic? _____ YES _____ NO
• Did the illustration/ graphics used help you understand more about the effects of family
planning? _____ YES _____ NO
• Are the graphics/illustrations used are realistic? _____ YES _____ NO
C. Lay-out (over-all design)
• Did the lay-out (over-all design) help you understand better the effects of family planning?
_____ YES _____ NO
D. Font
•
Does the size of the font used is big enough to be read? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Does the color of the font is appropriate to the background? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Is the font style used help you easy to read the content? _____ YES _____ NO
E. Color
•
Did the color attract your attention? _____ YES _____ NO
•
Do you find the color pleasing to the eye? _____ YES _____ NO
36
•
Does it have good color contrast? _____ YES _____ NO
4. Did the communication materials affect your understanding on family planning?
_______ Yes
_______ No
How?_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
5. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in reading or viewing the
communication materials?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. Suggestions of the respondents
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
37
Document Outline
- Evaluation of Communication Materials on
Family Planning Used in Tadian Mt. Province
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- Rationale
- Statement of the Problem
- Objectives of the Study
- Importance of the Study
- Scope and Limitation of the Study
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Communication Materials
- Comprehensibility
- Definition of terms
- METHODOLOGY
- Locale and Time of the Study
- Respondents of the Study
- Data Collection
- Data Gathered
- Data Analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
- Number of Children of the Respondents
- Methods of Family Planning Used by the Respondents
- Description of the Communication Materials
- Comprehensibility of the Communication Materials
- Acceptability of the Communication Materials
- Effects of the Communication Materials onthe Understanding of the Respondents
- Problems Encountered by the Respondents inReading the Communication Materials
- Suggestions of the Respondents
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Summary
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES