BIBLIOGRAPHY CAAYA, KRISTIN JOY L. APRIL 2007....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CAAYA, KRISTIN JOY L. APRIL 2007. Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of
Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria
pelegrina Linn.). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser : Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area of the
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2005 to September
2006; to determine the effects of different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers on the
growth, flowering and yield of alstroemeria, and to determine the best organic fertilizer/s
that will promote vegetative growth, flowering and improve yield in alstroemeria.
Results show that there were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of organic fertilizers on the final height, and final number of stems per plant at
flowering, number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation, number of flowers
produced per plant, days from planting to flowering, vaselife, and the stem length of the
cutflowers of alstroemeria. However, plants applied with Processed Chicken Manure
(PCM) significantly produced higher number of stems as compared to application of
organic fertilizers and the untreated plants.
Earlier flowering and production of significantly taller and longer cutflower stems
were noted in plants applied with chicken manure.
On the other hand, the different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers significantly
affected the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. Application of 8
tons/ha of chicken manure produced the highest flower bud count, highest volume of
cutflowers and had earlier flowering.
Based from the results obtained, it is therefore concluded, that the use of Chicken
Manure in alstroemeria production applied as organic fertilizer at the rate of 8 tons/ha led
to the production of desirable growth and quality of alstroemeria cutflowers.
Based on the findings, the use 8 tons/ha chicken manure is highly recommended
for quality alstroemeria cutflower production.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Final Height at Flowering (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Final Number of Stems per Plant at Flowering . . . . . .
10
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation
12
Number of Flowers Produced per Plant . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Days from Planting to Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Stem Length of Cutflowers (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Vaselife (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Soil Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
22
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
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1
INTRODUCTION
Alstroemeria a native to tropical America, is also referred to as “Lily of the
Incas” and “Peruvian Lily”. This gorgeous perennial is a member of the Amaryllidaceae
family and is related to the onion, daffodil, agapanthus and nerine. It is becoming one of
the most important cutflower crop world wide due to its attractive flowers and excellent
keeping quality.
There are three main varieties of alstroemeria; the butterfly type which has shorter
stems and peduncles, the orchid type, which has longer stems and peduncles and the
aurantiaca, but most of today's types are hybrids. Peruvian lily is composed of trumpet-
shaped flowers, 1 ¼ to 2 inches in diameter, on one or more laterals. Many blooms are
grouped atop stems 24-36 inches long. The main stems of these cut flowers are 2 to 3 feet
long and branch into four to six short pedicels; each holding two to four flower buds.
Colors include yellow, apricot, orange, salmon, pink, red, mauve, lavender, purple,
cream, white and bi-colors. Alstroemeria cutflowers typically last one to two weeks.
Peruvian lilies can develop a large leaf mass and therefore dependence on water
during the summer months are high. They are best grown in organically rich, medium
wet, well drained soils in sunny locations. They are suitable for growing in pots and for
garden and landscape uses however if planted in the ground permanently, plants will
naturalize by creeping roots to form colonies in optimum growing conditions.
Presently, numerous cutflowers like anthurium, rose, chrysanthemum, carnation
etc. are being grown in the Philippines, specifically in the cool areas like La Trinidad.
These cut flowers are somewhat expensive yet, many farmers are still encountering
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
2
problems such that, inputs cannot be provided well because of high prices. This results to
poor quality of the cut flowers and low volume of production of the many small
growers.
Among the many ornamental plants, alstroemeria is one versatile crop because it
is not only used as cutflowers in florist arrangements, but are also be used in landscape
gardening of flower gardens as tender perennial or even a houseplant for interiorscape.
This is due to the fact that this crop is fairly easy to cultivate and does not require special
demands.
In the Netherlands, about 100 hectares are grown with alstroemeria; and in other
parts of the world, it accounts for about 400 hectares. Alstroemeria is still a relatively
new product on the world market and interest in it is growing. The flowers are beautiful
and have a long vase life.
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the effects of different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers on the
growth, flowering and yield of alstroemeria;
2. to determine the best organic fertilizer/s that will promote vegetative growth,
flowering and improve yield in alstroemeria.
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University Ornamental Horticulture
Research Area from December 2005 to September 2006.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description of Alstroemeria
Alstroemeria is not endemic to the Philippines and all cultivars of (Alstroemeria
pelegrina Linn.) are introductions from other countries. Other types of this Alstroemeria
grown by enthusiast include the sweet Laura and Petite Plum which extremely vary in
size and color of the flower. Colors include yellow, apricot, orange, salmon, pink, red,
mauve, lavender, purple, cream, white and bi-colors.
These plants are rhizomatous perennials. The young plant starts growing from the
main rhizome which will soon generate new lateral rhizomes that can also produce
flowering shoots. Above the soil, the stems do not generate any lateral stems. Since the
major part of the plant’s development occurs underground. They grow to a height of 50-
130 cm. Each erect stem grows foliage of a few lanceolate leaves, and ends in an umbel
of 3-10 flowers. These have 6 petals with spots, striped markings and contrasting patches.
Fertilizer Application
Fertilizer application is an important factor that affects production of plants. The
right method of application influences the production of better quality product.
Fertilizers are of two types: organic and inorganic or chemical fertilizer. Organic
fertilizers are derived from organic wastes such as plant residues and animal wastes
while inorganic consists of chemically prepared substance containing varying amounts
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. Organic fertilizers have an advantage over
chemical ones because they are renewable, inorganic fertilizer on the other hand re not
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
4
renewable, and soil fertility gradually declines as a result of their continued application
(Balco, 1986).
Bucu (1991) stated that in general, the kinds of organic materials according to
source are crop residues, green manure, swine manure, cattle manure, chicken manure,
common compost, used mushroom compost, municipal refuse, residues after oil
extraction and residues from processing animal products.
Marcelino (1995) found that organic fertilizers supplies same amount of the
nutrient requirements of the crop and promotes favorable soil properties such as
granulation, efficient aeration, easy root penetration and more improved water holding
capacity of the soil. He also pointed out that farm manure is available to crops because of
its nitrogen content and influence on the soil. Farm manure increases crop yield. The
value of farm manure is determined not only by the organic matter it furnishes but
especially by the quantity of nitrogen that it supplies. The organic fertilizer alters soil pH
due to carbon dioxide excretion.
Earlier findings of Mang-osan (1996) on English daisy showed that application of
2 tons per ha chicken manure significantly produced taller plants, higher sucker count,
promoted earlier flower development and produced more flower per plant. It also
increased soil pH significantly.
Rodriques (1981) found that soils amended with chicken manure registered
higher Ph (5.66) than soils with sagana 100 (4.54), an indication that commercial sagana
100 has higher acidifying effect. On the other hand, sagana 100 as an organic fertilizer
contains the major as some trace elements essential for plant growth. More importantly, it
contains humus and beneficial microbes that restore the biological balance in the soil.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
5
Thus it works in three ways: it provides a direct supply of food to plants rejuvenates and
reconditions soil and finally increases and promotes the growth of beneficial microbes.
(Solido, 1974).
Legodio (2000) found that the different kinds and rates of organic fertilizer
significantly affected the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation,
number of buds and cutflower yield per plant and cutflower yield per plot. Application of
4 tons / ha of chicken manure and sagana 100 produced the highest flower bud count,
highest volume of cut flower and had earlier flowering.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Materials used were: alstroemeria rhizomes; garden soil; rice hull; organic
fertilizers and these are Fully Decomposed Chicken Manure, PCM (Processed Chicken
Manure), BSU Compost, Alnus Leaves Compost, Sagana 100, plastic pots and labeling
materials.
Methods
This study was laid out in factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4
replications. Factor A was the kind of fertilizer and factor B was the rate of application.
The treatments were as follows:
Factor A- Organic Fertilizers
T0- 2 parts garden soil + 1 part rice hull
T1- Fully decomposed Chicken manure
T2- PCM
T3- BSU Compost
T4- Alnus Leaves Compost
T5- Sagana 100 Compost
Factor B- Rate of Application (t/ ha)
R0- Control (0-0-0)
R1- 4
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
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R2- 6
R3- 8
R4- 10
R5- 12
The study was conducted under greenhouse condition. Cultural management
practices such as weeding; crop protection and irrigation were applied uniformly to all
test plants.
The data gathered were the following:
1. Final height of the plant (cm) at flowering. This was taken by measuring the
height of the plant at the base to the tip of the flower at 50% anthesis.
2. Final number of stems per plant at flowering. The number of stems per plant
was counted.
3. Number of days from planting to flower bud formation. This was obtained by
counting the number of days from planting until flower bud formation is
observed.
4. Number of flowers produced per plant. The flower produced per plant was
recorded at harvestable stage.
5. Days from planting to flowering. This was obtained by counting the number
of days from planting to flowering.
6. Cutflower stem length (cm). This was measured at 50%.
7. Vaselife. Cutflowers was harvested at 50 % anthesis where vaselife was
obtained in the laboratory. Tap water was used.
8. Soil Analysis.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
8
a. pH of the soil. The initial and final ph of the soil was taken before planting
and after harvesting.
b. Organic matter content and NPK of the soil %. This was taken by
determining the initial and final OM and NPK content of the soil.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Significant differences on the final height of
alstroemeria plants at flowering were noted as affected by the different kinds of fertilizer
organics. Plants applied with chicken manure were significantly taller with a mean of
47.61 cm; while plants applied with alnus compost, BSU compost, and Sagana 100 were
significantly shorter. Means plant heights were 34.46, 35.82 and 37.53cm; respectively.
Table 1. Final height of the plant at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN (cm)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
47.61 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
41.58 b
BSU Compost
35.83 c
Alnus Leaves Compost
34.46 c
Sagana 100
37.53 c
Rate of Application
Control
39.85 a
2 tons/ha
38.92 a
4 tons/ha
40.81 a
6 tons/ha
39.95 a
8 tons/ha
38.53 a
10 tons/ha
38.33 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
10
These indicate that the vegetative growth of alstroemeria was promoted with the
application findings of fully decomposed chicken manure.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 1 shows there were no significant
differences on the final height of alstroemeria plants at flowering as affected by the
different rates of fertilizer application. Among the treated plants however, those applied
with 4 tons/ of organic fertilizer per hectare were the tallest at 40.81 cm.
Interaction effect. The combined effects of the different kinds and rates of organic
fertilizers used did not significantly affect the final height of the plant at flowering.
Final Number of Stems per Plant at Flowering
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Significant differences were obtained on the effect of
kind of fertilizer on the number of stems per plant at flowering. As shown in Table 2,
alstroemeria plants applied with Processed Chicken Manure (PCM) produced the highest
number of stems with a mean of 24.08 stems per plant which was significantly higher
compared to the other treatments. Statistically however, it was comparable with the
number of stems produced by the plants applied with BSU compost and fully
decomposed chicken manure with means of 21.50 and 19.21 stems per plant;
respectively.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 2 shows that significantly higher
numbers of stems were obtained on all the plants applied with organic fertilizers at
flowering compared to the untreated plants. Among the treated plants, those applied with
2 tons/ha had the highest number of stems counted per plant with a mean of 23.80.
Higher number of stems were also recorded in the plants applied with 4 tons/ha and 6
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
11
tons/ha with 22.60 and 21.30 stems per plant respectively. The untreated plants produced
the lowest number of flower stems at 10.60 per plant, which shows that plant nutrition
significantly affects the number of stems produced in alstroemeria.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of organic fertilizers applied in alstroemeria on the number of stems per plant at
flowering.
Table 2. Final number of stems per plant at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
19.21 ab
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
24.10 a
BSU Compost
21.50 ab
Alnus Leaves Compost
16.79 b
Sagana 100
18.12 b
Rate of Application
Control
10.60 b
2 tons/ha
23.80 a
4 tons/ha
22.60 a
6 tons/ha
21.30 a
8 tons/ha
20.45 a
10 tons/ha
20.90 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
12
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Table 3 shows the effect of different kinds of organic
fertilizer on the number of days from planting to flower bud formation. Plants applied
with alnus compost and Sagana 100 had the highest mean of 131.37 and 131. 79 days
which indicates that flower bud formation is significantly longer. Statistical analysis
shows that there were no significant differences on the number of days from transplanting
to flower bud formation.
Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN (days)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
117.79 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
121.92 a
BSU Compost
122.58 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
131.37 a
Sagana 100
131.79 a
Rate of Application
Control
125.20 a
2 tons/ha
126.35 a
4 tons/ha
121.75 a
6 tons/ha
120.10 a
8 tons/ha
121.05 a
10 tons/ha
136.00 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
13
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, there were no significant
differences observed on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
as affected by the different rates of fertilizer application.
Interaction effect. The combined effects of the kinds and rates of organic
fertilizers on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation in
alstroemeria were not significant.
Table 4. Number of flowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
2.79 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
2.83 a
BSU Compost
2.79 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
2.12 a
Sagana 100
2.79 a
Rate of Application
Control
1.90 c
2 tons/ha
2.40 bc
4 tons/ha
2.90 ab
6 tons/ha
2.75 ab
8 tons/ha
3.10 a
10 tons/ha
2.85 ab
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
14
Number of Flowers Produced per Plant
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Table 4 shows the effect of different kinds of organic
fertilizers on the number of flowers produced per plant. Results shows that application of
different kinds of organic fertilizers did not significantly affected the flower number per
plant at flowering. Means ranged from 2.79 to 2.73 flowers per plant.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Results on table 4 reveals that the plants
applied with 8 tons/ha of organic fertilizer had the highest number of flowers with a mean
of 3.10. Higher number of flowers were also recorded on the plants applied with 4,6 and
10 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare with means of 2.90; 2.75 and 2.85 flowers per
plant; respectively. The alstroemeria plants applied with 2 tons/ha organic fertilizer had
only 2.40 flowers per plant comparable with the unfertilized plants with produced 1.90
flowers per plant (Table 4).
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect obtained between
the kinds and rates of organic fertilizers on the number of flowers produced per plant at
flowering.
Days from Planting to Flower Bud Formation
Effect of kind of fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
number of days from flowering to 50% anthesis as affected by kind of organic fertilizer
applied. Flower development in all plants was simultaneous which ranged from 126.458
to 144.144.083 days from the visible bud formation (Table 5).
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
15
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 5 shows that flower development was
simultaneous in all treated plants which reached 50% anthesis from 128.80 to 142.60
days from flowering.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of different organic fertilizers on the number of days from planting to
flowering.
Table 5. Days from planting to flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
126.46 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
128.37 a
BSU Compost
133.50 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
138.42 a
Sagana 100
144.08 a
Rate of Application
Control
130.20 a
2 tons/ha
135.90 a
4 tons/ha
129.55 a
6 tons/ha
137.95 a
8 tons/ha
128.80 a
10 tons/ha
142.60 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
16
Stem Length
Effect of kind of fertilizer. The effect of different kinds of organic fertilizer on the
stem length of alstroemeria cutflowers is shown in Table 6. Statistical analysis shows that
the application of the different kinds of organic fertilizers had highly significant effects
on the stem length of cutflowers produced per plant. Plants applied with chicken manure
had the longest cutflower stem with a mean of 51.10 cm. This was followed by the plants
applied with Sagana 100 with a mean stem length of 44.55 cm. While the shortest stems
were recorded in plants applied with BSU compost with only 37.10 cm stem lengths.
Table 6. Stem length of cutflowers
TREATMENT
MEAN (cm)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
51.10 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
41.85 c
BSU Compost
37.10 d
Alnus Leaves Compost
39.57 cd
Sagana 100
45.55 b
Rate of Application
Control
39.58 b
2 tons/ha
43.43 a
4 tons/ha
43.47 a
6 tons/ha
43.56 a
8 tons/ha
43.85 a
10 tons/ha
42.99 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
17
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 6 shows that significantly longer
cutflower stems were measured from all plants applied with organic fertilizers compared
to the untreated plants. Among the treated plants however, those applied with 2, 4, 6 and
8 tons/ha had a comparable means of 43.43, 43.47, 43.56 and 43.85 cm. This was
followed by the plants applied with 10 tons/ha with a mean 43.99 cm. The untreated
plants had the shortest stems with mean of 39.58 cm which shows that plant nutrition
significantly affected the stem length of the alstroemeria cutflowers.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects obtained between
the kinds and rates of organic fertilizers applied on the stem length of alstroemeria
cutflowers at harvest.
Vaselife (days)
Effect of kind of fertilizer. The durations of aesthetic value of alstroemeria
cutflowers harvested at 50% anthesis and held in tap water only is shown in Table 6.
Results show that since all the cutflowers were held at the same temperature and relative
humidity conditions in the holding room, differences on the vaselife of cutflowers
obtained from the different treatments were not significant. Means ranged from 13.83 to
14.29 days from holding.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, there were no significant
differences observed on the vaselife of alstroemeria as affected by the different rates of
fertilizer application. Results also revealed that there were no significant differences on
the vaselife between the treated and the untreated plants.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
18
Table 7. Vaselife
TREATMENT
MEAN (days)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
14.29 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
13.75 a
BSU Compost
13.92 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
13.83 a
Sagana 100
14.04 a
Rate of Application
Control
14.10 a
2 tons/ha
13.55 a
4 tons/ha
14.00 a
6 tons/ha
14.35 a
8 tons/ha
14.15 a
10 tons/ha
13.65 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effects. The combined effects of the kinds and rates of fertilizer used
did not significantly affect the vaselife of the alstroemeria cutflowers held in tap water
only.
Soil Analysis
Table 8 shows the results of the initial and final soil analysis obtained before
planting. Soil pH in soils applied with different kinds of organic fertilizers was observed
to increase with increased rate of application. The increase of the soil pH indicates that
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
19
Table 8. Soil analysis
TREATMENT
pH
OM (%)
N (%)
P (ppm) K (ppm)
Initial
5.1
1.7
0.07
45
64
Chicken Manure
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
44
64
2 tons/ha
5.3
2.4
0.9
62
152
4 tons/ha
5.3
2.8
0.10
82
586
6 tons/ha
5.5
2.9
0.115
52
628
8 tons/ha
5.8
3.1
0.125
62
676
10 tons/ha
6.8
3.1
0.175
80
692
Processed Chicken Manure
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
44
64
2 tons/ha
5.2
2.6
0.18
54
82
4 tons/ ha
5.4
3.0
0.56
64
124
6 tons/ha
5.8
3.6
0.120
78
186
8 tons/ha
6.0
3.8
0.148
84
236
10 tons/ha
6.0
3.8
0.80
88
268
BSU Compost
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
44
64
2 tons/ha
5.6
3.0
0.10
46
68
4 tons/ ha
5.9
3.5
0.125
54
142
________________________________________________________________________
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
20
Table 8. Continued…
TREATMENT
pH
OM (%)
N (%)
P (ppm) K (ppm)
6 tons/ha
6.0
2.5
0.18
54
128
8 tons/ha
6.2
2.0
0.175
67
144
10 tons/ha
6.2
3.5
0.188
72
156
Alnus Leaves Compost
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
38
64
2 tons/ha
5.4
2.5
0.10
52
94
4 tons/ ha
5.4
3.0
0.122
66
172
6 tons/ha
5.6
3.2
0.125
78
216
8 tons/ha
5.8
3.4
0.125
80
246
10 tons/ha
6.2
3.6
0.175
94
310
Sagana 100
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
42
64
2 tons/ha
5.3
2.4
0.10
46
88
4 tons/ ha
5.7
2.5
0.20
56
178
6 tons/ha
5.9
2.6
0.120
62
212
8 tons/ha
6.0
2.8
0.125
88
246
10 tons/ha
6.2
2.8
0.125
98
288
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
21
Manure at the rate of 10 tons/ha. Final soil pH in the other treatments ranged from 5.1 to
6.2 compared to the initial pH readings of 5.1 prior to planting. Likewise, other soil there
was higher calcium content in these organic fertilizers particularly the chicken manure.
Brady (2000) stated that calcium influences the decrease in the solubility of iron,
aluminum and manganese as well as the concentration of hydrogen ions, thus increasing
the availability of phosphate, molybdenum, magnesium, as well as calcium needed for
plant growth. Calcium also eliminates toxic compounds present in acidic soils which
happened on the soils applied with these different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers.
Results show that the final soil pH had increased in all treatments with increasing rate of
application. Higher final soil pH of 6.8 was obtained in plants applied with Chicken
conditions such as organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also
increased with the increase in the rate of organic fertilizer application.
Organic matter (OM), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) contents
of the soil had all increased. Results indicate that organic fertilizer application can
increase the soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer applied to the plants was sufficient
for plant growth and development. There was a significant nutrient decrease on untreated
plots because the nutrients used up by the plants were not replenished.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Project Area
of the Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2005 to
September 2006 to determine the effects of different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers
on the growth, flowering and yield of alstroemeria and to determine the best organic
fertilizer/s that will promote vegetative growth, flowering and improve yield in
alstroemeria.
Summary
Results show that there were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of organic fertilizers on the final height, final number of stems per plant at
flowering, number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation, number of flowers
produced per plant, days from planting to flowering, vaselife, and the stem length of the
cutflowers of alstroemeria.. However, plants applied with Processed Chicken Manure
(PCM) significantly produced more stems as compared to application of the other organic
fertilizer treatments and the untreated plants.
Earlier flowering and production of significantly taller plants and longer cutflower
stems were noted in plants applied with chicken manure.
On the other hand, the different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers significantly
affected the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. Application of 8
tons/ha of chicken manure produced the highest flower bud count, highest volume of
cutflowers and had earlier flowering.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
23
Conclusion
Based from the results obtained, it is therefore concluded, that the use of Chicken
Manure in alstroemeria production applied as organic fertilizer at the rate of 8 tons/ha led
to the production of desirable growth and quality of alstroemeria cutflowers.
Recommendation
Based from the above findings, the application of organic fertilizer (Chicken
Manure) is recommended for cutflower production in Alstroemeria. Applying chicken
manure in the production area at the rate of 8 tons/ha at least once a year is very
economical and advantageous to alstroemeria plants for their optimum growth,
development, and flowering.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
24
LITERATURE CITED
BALCO, G.R. 1986. Non-metallic Minerals: Fertilizer Research. Philippine Council for
Agriculture and Resources Research and Development. National Council for
Agriculture and Resource Development. National Science and Technology
Authority. Los Banos, Laguna. P.76.
BRADY, N. C. 2000. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 10th Ed. New York: Mc Millan
Pub. Co. Inc. P.294.
BUCU, G.S. 1991. Kinds and Sources of Organic Materials. Golden Root Newsletter 3
(2): 1,2,9.
LEGODIO, M. B. 2000. Response of Everlasting (Hellychrysum brateatum) to Different
Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizer. Unpublished BS Thesis, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 7, 8.
MANG-OSAN, J.B. 1996. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and
Flowering of English Daisy. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P.5
MARCELINO, B.C. 1995. Effect of Different Organic Matters on the Growth yield of
NCT-8 Japonica rice variety. Unpublished B.S. Thesis. Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet. P.5.
RODRIQUES, S.B. 1981. Effect of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on
the Growth and Yield of Sugar Beets. Unpublished BS Thesis. Mountain State
Agricultural College. La Trinidad, Benguet.
SOLIDO, R. E. 1974. Some Important Information about Organi Matter and Farm
Management. RSS Marketing Enterprise. Manila. P. 143
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
25
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Final height at flowering
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II III
IV
TOTAL MEAN
Chicken manure
Control 55.88
48.51 40.38 48.51 193.2 48.3
2 tons/ha 48.76
63.75 41.91 40.89 195.31
48.82
4 tons/ha 52.07
59.69 60.96 44.70 217.42
543.35
6 tons/ha 53.34
51.30 41.40 48.06 194.1
48.52
8 tons/ha 42.92
48.06 41.91 43.18 176.07
44.10
10 tons/ha 40.64
46.99 40.64 38.1
166.37
41.60
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control 35.30
36.83 61.97 39.37 173.47
43.36
2 tons/ha 39.62
41.91 44.70 40.64 166.87
41.71
4 tons/ha 35.30
42.41 40.38 42.92 161.01
40.25
6 tons/ha 41.40
45.46 36.83 32.25 155.94
38.98
8 tons/ha 36.83
30.48 48.51 50.29 166.11
41.52
10 tons/ha 45.97
42.92 39.87 45.72 174.48
43.62
BSU Compost
Control 35.81
30.98 37.33 33.27 137.39
34.34
2 tons/ha 34.29
34.03 30.73 35.56 134.61
33.65
4 tons/ha 31.75
38.35 33.52 38.60 142.22
35.55
6 tons/ha 43.43
38.1 34.29 36.83 152.65
38.16
8 tons/ha 39.37
37.59 35.56 39.87 152.39
38.09
10 tons/ha 34.29
34.79 38.60 33.02 140.7
35.17
Alnus Compost
Control 30.73
38.60 46.73 27.94 144
36
2 tons/ha 27.94
35.81 30.48 34.29 128.52
32.13
4 tons/ha 30.49
31.75 38.35 35.56 137.15
34.28
6 tons/ha 38.35
33.52 41.91 36.83 150.61
37.65
8 tons/ha 30.73
30.48 33.02 40.89 135.12
33.78
10 tons/ha 33.52
34.49 32.51 31.24 131.56
32.89
Sagana
Control 38.35
27.94 45.72 36.83 148.84
37.21
2 tons/ha 42.16
30.73 45.72 34.54 153.15
38.28
4 tons/ha 54.86
34.29 31.24 38.1
158.49
39.62
6 tons/ha 40.89
42.67 36.83 25.4
145.79
36.44
8 tons/ha 33.52
33.02 36.32 38.1
140.96
35.44
10 tons/ha 32.51
31.75 38.1 51.05 153.41
38.35
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
26
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
2706.398 676.60 18.4551
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5
92.869 18.574 0.5066
2.31
3.22
A X B
20
564.860 28.243 0.7704
1.69
2.08
Error
90
3299.567 36.662
TOTAL
119 6663.694
Coefficient of Variation = 15.37%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
27
Appendix Table 2. Final number of stems at flowering
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III IV
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
13
9
8 10
40
10
2 tons/ha 22
69 12 19
122
30.5
4 tons/ha
17
29 49 16
111
27.75
6 tons/ha
23 18 9 23
73
18.25
8 tons/ha
12
19 13 11
55
13.75
10 tons/ha
9
15 12 24
60
15
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
18
14
14
13
59
14.75
2 tons/ha
21
21 15
48
105
26.25
4 tons/ha
20
33
24
22
99
24.45
6 tons/ha
23
19
32
27
101
25.25
8 tons/ha
24
17
25
39
105
26.25
10 tons/ha
29
22
26
32
109
27.25
BSU Compost
Control
11
15 12
9
47
11.75
2 tons/ha
15
30
30 19
94
23.5
4 tons/ha
30
28
18 20
96
24
6 tons/ha
27
31
19 27
104
26
8 tons/ha
17
21
28 16
82
20.5
10 tons/ha
29
18
17 29
93
23.25
Alnus Compost
Control
7
8
7 12
34
8.5
2 tons/ha
8
21
15 25 69
17.25
4 tons/ha
15
22
15 22 74
18.5
6 tons/ha
5
27
18 28
78
19.5
8 tons/ha
22
15
16 16 69
17.25
10 tons/ha
17
30
21 11
79
19.79
Sagana
Control
6
9
4
13
32
8
2 tons/ha
19
27
12
28
86
21.5
4 tons/ha
28
14
18 12
72
18
6 tons/ha
5
24
15 16
70
17.5
8 tons/ha
16
25
34 23
98
24.5
10 tons/ha
20
18
15 24
77
19.25
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
28
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
800.217 200.054 2.7879
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 2244.842 448.968 6.2567
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 1019.283 50.964 0.7702
1.69
2.08
Error
90 6458.250 71.758
TOTAL
119 10,522.592
Coefficient of Variation = 42.48%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
29
Appendix Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III IV
TOTAL MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
116 91
139 93
439
109.75
2 tons/ha 114 117
93
90
414
103.5
4 tons/ha
135 116
104 110
465
116.25
6 tons/ha
125 150
158 165
598
149.5
8 tons/ha
87
91
95
159
432
108
10 tons/ha
183 95
98
101
477
119.25
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
102 146
104 153
505
127.27
2 tons/ha
165 123
97
118
503
125.75
4 tons/ha
122 96
130 111
459
114.75
6 tons/ha
124 118
124 116
482
120.5
8 tons/ha
131 101
132 97
461
115.25
10 tons/ha
119 149
131 117
516
129
BSU Compost
Control
95
136
126 129
486
121.5
2 tons/ha
153 124
98
119
494
123.5
4 tons/ha
125 151
126 96
498
124.5
6 tons/ha
58
154
101 115
428
107
8 tons/ha
124 101
99
129
453
113.25
10 tons/ha
129 149
118 187
583
122.58
Alnus Compost
Control
108 196
108 136
548
137
2 tons/ha
129 111
114 164
518
129.5
4 tons/ha
131 128
99
147
505
126.25
6 tons/ha
108 130
119 109
466
116.5
8 tons/ha
112 175
132 152
571
142.75
10 tons/ha
121 186
102 136
545
136.25
Sagana 100
Control
146 116
91
173
526
131.5
2 tons/ha
153 128
179 138
598
149.5
4 tons/ha
93
119
177 119
508
127
6 tons/ha
104 157
68
99
428
107
8 tons/ha
174 133
98
99
504
126
10 tons/ha
148 124
152 175
599
149.75
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
30
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4 2772.335 693.084 0.8265
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 4475.386 895.077 1.0673
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 14854.939 742.747 0.8857
1.69
2.08
Error
90 75476.385 838.626
TOTAL
119 97,579.045
Coefficient of Variation = 23.30%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
31
Appendix Table 4. Number of flowers produced per plant.
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
3
2
2
2
9
2.25
2 tons/ha 3
5
2
3
13
3.25
4 tons/ha
3
3
3
3
12
3
6 tons/ha
2
2
2
2
8
2
8 tons/ha
4
3
4
2
13
3.25
10 tons/ha
2
3
4
3
12
3
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
2
1
2
2
7
1.75
2 tons/ha
2
3
2
2
9
2.25
4 tons/ha
4
3
3
4
14
3.5
6 tons/ha
3
4
3
3
13
3.25
8 tons/ha
3
4
3
4
14
3.5
10 tons/ha
4
3
1
3
11
2.75
BSU Compost
Control
2
1
2
2
7
1.75
2 tons/ha
1
3
2
2
9
2.25
4 tons/ha
3
3
3
4
14
3.5
6 tons/ha
4
4
3
3
13
3.25
8 tons/ha
3
4
3
4
14
3.5
10 tons/ha
3
3
1
3
11
2.75
Alnus Compost
Control
2
2
1
1
6
1.5
2 tons/ha
2
3
1
1
7
1.75
4 tons/ha
2
1
2
4
9
2.25
6 tons/ha
1
1
2
2
6
1.5
8 tons/ha
1
3
3
3
10
2.5
10 tons/ha
3
4
2
4
13
3.25
Sagana 100
Control
2
3
1
1
7
1.75
2 tons/ha
3
3
3
1
10
2.5
4 tons/ha
4
3
2
2
11
2.75
6 tons/ha
3
4
3
5
15
3.75
8 tons/ha
5
1
3
4
13
3.25
10 tons/ha
2
1
2
6
11
2.75
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
32
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
8.617 2.154 2.4159
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 18.842 3.768 4.2262
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 19.283 0.964 1.0803
1.69
2.08
Error
90 80.250 0.892
TOTAL
119 126.992
Coefficient of Variation = 35.52%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
33
Appendix Table 5. Days from planting to flower bud formation.
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
123 102
101 101
427
106.75
2 tons/ha 122 121
151 103
497
124.25
4 tons/ha
144 124
112 122
502
125.5
6 tons/ha
132 158
165 172
627
156.75
8 tons/ha
96
103
103 168
470
117.5
10 tons/ha
194 104
106 108
512
128
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
109 154
112 160
535
133.75
2 tons/ha
173 131
105 126
535
133.75
4 tons/ha
130 104
139 118
491
122.75
6 tons/ha
131 125
132 124
512
128
8 tons/ha
137 109
139 105
490
122.5
10 tons/ha
127 129
138 124
518
129.5
BSU Compost
Control
103 144
133 129
509
127.25
2 tons/ha
161 130
105 127
523
130.75
4 tons/ha
132 159
133 102
526
131.5
6 tons/ha
164 161
109 123
557
139.25
8 tons/ha
131 110
99
136
476
119
10 tons/ha
137 158
124 194
613
153.25
Alnus Compost
Control
114 203
117 143
577
144.25
2 tons/ha
137 119
122 164
542
135.5
4 tons/ha
139 136
108 147
423.8
105.95
6 tons/ha
115 139
127 117
498
124.5
8 tons/ha
119 183
139 159
555
138.75
10 tons/ha
129 193
110 143
575
143.75
Sagana 100
Control
153 125
98
180
556
139
2 tons/ha
160 137
179 145
621
155.25
4 tons/ha
102 125
188 127
542
135.5
6 tons/ha
112 165
179 109
565
141.25
8 tons/ha
185 140
105 110
540
135
10 tons/ha
161 131
160 182
634
158.5
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
34
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
8.617 2.154 2.4159
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 18.842 3.768 4.2262
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 19.283 0.964 1.0803
1.69
2.08
Error
90 80.250 0.892
TOTAL
119 126.992
Coefficient of Variation = 35.52%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
35
Appendix Table 6. Stem length
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III IV TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
48.26 43.43
40.89 47.75
180.33
45.08
2 tons/ha 49.78 56.89
41.91 45.97
194.55
48.63
4 tons/ha
59.69 54.61
46.99 42.67
203.96
50.99
6 tons/ha
61.21 58.67
54.61 40.89
215.38
53.84
8 tons/ha
57.65 57.15
56.13 58.67
229.9
57.4
10 tons/ha
50.29 52.57
47.24 50.29
200.39
50.09
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
35.81 34.03
54.61 34.03
158.58
39.64
2 tons/ha
45.21 42.41
42.67 44.19
168.48
42.12
4 tons/ha
40.89 44.45
43.43 40.89
169.66
42.41
6 tons/ha
41.40 41.14
40.91 43.94
167.39
42.84
8 tons/ha
44.95 38.86
40.13 44.70
168.64
41.16
10 tons/ha
41.91 43.94
41.14 38.86
165.85
41.46
BSU Compost
Control
33.47 32.25
40.13 37.84
143.69
35.92
2 tons/ha
40.13 39.87
34.29 38.60
152.89
38.22
4 tons/ha
35.05 44.70
39.37 33.27
152.39
38.09
6 tons/ha
33.29 34.79
35.30 44.45
147.83
36.95
8 tons/ha
36.06 38.35
37.30 39.11
150.82
37.70
10 tons/ha
34.54 37.84
36.32 34.03
142.73
35.68
Alnus Compost
Control
34.03 45.97
44.19 34.03
158.22
39.55
2 tons/ha
40.64 37.59
38.86 44.19
161.28
40.32
4 tons/ha
36.32 38.86
41.65 41.40
158.23
39.55
6 tons/ha
39.87 40.89
37.08 38.60
156.44
39.11
8 tons/ha
33.78 35.05
37.33 39.87
146.03
36.50
10 tons/ha
40.89 40.64
45.97 41.9
169.4
42.35
Sagana 100
Control
44.19 34.03
41.91 30.75 150.88
37.72
2 tons/ha
47.24 43.68
49.27 45.21
185.4
46.35
4 tons/ha
49.02 46.73
40.13 49.27
185.15
46.28
6 tons/ha
45.46 48.51
41.65 48.51
184.13
46.03
8 tons/ha
46.73 39.11
48.06 48.06
181.96
45.49
10 tons/ha
44.95 43.94
46.22 46.48
181.59
45.39
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
36
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4 2688.398 672.099 34.1643 2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 313.957 62.791 3.1918 2.31
3.22
A X B
20 357.199 17.860 0.9079 1.69
2.08
Error
90 1770.529 19.673
TOTAL
119 5130.083
Coefficient of Variation = 42.48%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
37
Appendix Table 7. Vaselife (days)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
14
13
16
14
57
14.25
2 tons/ha 11
12
15
12
50
12.5
4 tons/ha
13
13
15
15
56
14
6 tons/ha
14
14
16
14
58
14.5
8 tons/ha
16
16
17
15
64
16
10 tons/ha
15
14
14
15
58
14.5
____________________________________________________________
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
15
14
13
13
55
13.75
2 tons/ha
13
14
15
13
55
13.75
4 tons/ha
13
13
16
15
57
14.25
6 tons/ha
16
14
14
12
56
14
8 tons/ha
17
11
13
16
57
14.25
10 tons/ha
12
14
12
12
50
12.5
BSU Compost
Control
15
14
14
13
56
14
2 tons/ha
14
17
13
15
59
14.75
4 tons/ha
12
15
12
13
52
13
6 tons/ha
11
14
14
15
54
13.5
8 tons/ha
13
12
17
12
54
13.5
10 tons/ha
13
16
16
14
59
14.75
Alnus Compost
Control
14
16
13
14
57
14.25
2 tons/ha
14
13
14
11
52
13
4 tons/ha
17
16
11
15
59
14.75
6 tons/ha
15
12
16
13
56
14
8 tons/ha
11
13
14
16
54
13.5
10 tons/ha
10
15
15
14
54
13.5
Sagana 100
Control
15
15
14
13
57
14.25
2 tons/ha
14
14
15
12
55
13.75
4 tons/ha
14
13
14
15
56
14
6 tons/ha
16
17
13
17
63
15.75
8 tons/ha
13
15
13
13
54
13.5
10 tons/ha
12
12
13
15
52
13
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
38
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
396.617 99.154 0.9272
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 597.967 119.593 1.1183
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 1900.783 95.039 0.8887
1.69
2.08
Error
90 9625.000 106.944
TOTAL
119 12,520.367
Coefficient of Variation = 69.48%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
CAAYA, KRISTIN JOY L. APRIL 2007. Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of
Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria
pelegrina Linn.). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser : Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area of the
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2005 to September
2006; to determine the effects of different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers on the
growth, flowering and yield of alstroemeria, and to determine the best organic fertilizer/s
that will promote vegetative growth, flowering and improve yield in alstroemeria.
Results show that there were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of organic fertilizers on the final height, and final number of stems per plant at
flowering, number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation, number of flowers
produced per plant, days from planting to flowering, vaselife, and the stem length of the
cutflowers of alstroemeria. However, plants applied with Processed Chicken Manure
(PCM) significantly produced higher number of stems as compared to application of
organic fertilizers and the untreated plants.
Earlier flowering and production of significantly taller and longer cutflower stems
were noted in plants applied with chicken manure.
On the other hand, the different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers significantly
affected the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. Application of 8
tons/ha of chicken manure produced the highest flower bud count, highest volume of
cutflowers and had earlier flowering.
Based from the results obtained, it is therefore concluded, that the use of Chicken
Manure in alstroemeria production applied as organic fertilizer at the rate of 8 tons/ha led
to the production of desirable growth and quality of alstroemeria cutflowers.
Based on the findings, the use 8 tons/ha chicken manure is highly recommended
for quality alstroemeria cutflower production.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Final Height at Flowering (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Final Number of Stems per Plant at Flowering . . . . . .
10
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation
12
Number of Flowers Produced per Plant . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Days from Planting to Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Stem Length of Cutflowers (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Vaselife (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Soil Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
22
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
iii
1
INTRODUCTION
Alstroemeria a native to tropical America, is also referred to as “Lily of the
Incas” and “Peruvian Lily”. This gorgeous perennial is a member of the Amaryllidaceae
family and is related to the onion, daffodil, agapanthus and nerine. It is becoming one of
the most important cutflower crop world wide due to its attractive flowers and excellent
keeping quality.
There are three main varieties of alstroemeria; the butterfly type which has shorter
stems and peduncles, the orchid type, which has longer stems and peduncles and the
aurantiaca, but most of today's types are hybrids. Peruvian lily is composed of trumpet-
shaped flowers, 1 ¼ to 2 inches in diameter, on one or more laterals. Many blooms are
grouped atop stems 24-36 inches long. The main stems of these cut flowers are 2 to 3 feet
long and branch into four to six short pedicels; each holding two to four flower buds.
Colors include yellow, apricot, orange, salmon, pink, red, mauve, lavender, purple,
cream, white and bi-colors. Alstroemeria cutflowers typically last one to two weeks.
Peruvian lilies can develop a large leaf mass and therefore dependence on water
during the summer months are high. They are best grown in organically rich, medium
wet, well drained soils in sunny locations. They are suitable for growing in pots and for
garden and landscape uses however if planted in the ground permanently, plants will
naturalize by creeping roots to form colonies in optimum growing conditions.
Presently, numerous cutflowers like anthurium, rose, chrysanthemum, carnation
etc. are being grown in the Philippines, specifically in the cool areas like La Trinidad.
These cut flowers are somewhat expensive yet, many farmers are still encountering
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
2
problems such that, inputs cannot be provided well because of high prices. This results to
poor quality of the cut flowers and low volume of production of the many small
growers.
Among the many ornamental plants, alstroemeria is one versatile crop because it
is not only used as cutflowers in florist arrangements, but are also be used in landscape
gardening of flower gardens as tender perennial or even a houseplant for interiorscape.
This is due to the fact that this crop is fairly easy to cultivate and does not require special
demands.
In the Netherlands, about 100 hectares are grown with alstroemeria; and in other
parts of the world, it accounts for about 400 hectares. Alstroemeria is still a relatively
new product on the world market and interest in it is growing. The flowers are beautiful
and have a long vase life.
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the effects of different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers on the
growth, flowering and yield of alstroemeria;
2. to determine the best organic fertilizer/s that will promote vegetative growth,
flowering and improve yield in alstroemeria.
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University Ornamental Horticulture
Research Area from December 2005 to September 2006.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description of Alstroemeria
Alstroemeria is not endemic to the Philippines and all cultivars of (Alstroemeria
pelegrina Linn.) are introductions from other countries. Other types of this Alstroemeria
grown by enthusiast include the sweet Laura and Petite Plum which extremely vary in
size and color of the flower. Colors include yellow, apricot, orange, salmon, pink, red,
mauve, lavender, purple, cream, white and bi-colors.
These plants are rhizomatous perennials. The young plant starts growing from the
main rhizome which will soon generate new lateral rhizomes that can also produce
flowering shoots. Above the soil, the stems do not generate any lateral stems. Since the
major part of the plant’s development occurs underground. They grow to a height of 50-
130 cm. Each erect stem grows foliage of a few lanceolate leaves, and ends in an umbel
of 3-10 flowers. These have 6 petals with spots, striped markings and contrasting patches.
Fertilizer Application
Fertilizer application is an important factor that affects production of plants. The
right method of application influences the production of better quality product.
Fertilizers are of two types: organic and inorganic or chemical fertilizer. Organic
fertilizers are derived from organic wastes such as plant residues and animal wastes
while inorganic consists of chemically prepared substance containing varying amounts
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. Organic fertilizers have an advantage over
chemical ones because they are renewable, inorganic fertilizer on the other hand re not
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
4
renewable, and soil fertility gradually declines as a result of their continued application
(Balco, 1986).
Bucu (1991) stated that in general, the kinds of organic materials according to
source are crop residues, green manure, swine manure, cattle manure, chicken manure,
common compost, used mushroom compost, municipal refuse, residues after oil
extraction and residues from processing animal products.
Marcelino (1995) found that organic fertilizers supplies same amount of the
nutrient requirements of the crop and promotes favorable soil properties such as
granulation, efficient aeration, easy root penetration and more improved water holding
capacity of the soil. He also pointed out that farm manure is available to crops because of
its nitrogen content and influence on the soil. Farm manure increases crop yield. The
value of farm manure is determined not only by the organic matter it furnishes but
especially by the quantity of nitrogen that it supplies. The organic fertilizer alters soil pH
due to carbon dioxide excretion.
Earlier findings of Mang-osan (1996) on English daisy showed that application of
2 tons per ha chicken manure significantly produced taller plants, higher sucker count,
promoted earlier flower development and produced more flower per plant. It also
increased soil pH significantly.
Rodriques (1981) found that soils amended with chicken manure registered
higher Ph (5.66) than soils with sagana 100 (4.54), an indication that commercial sagana
100 has higher acidifying effect. On the other hand, sagana 100 as an organic fertilizer
contains the major as some trace elements essential for plant growth. More importantly, it
contains humus and beneficial microbes that restore the biological balance in the soil.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
5
Thus it works in three ways: it provides a direct supply of food to plants rejuvenates and
reconditions soil and finally increases and promotes the growth of beneficial microbes.
(Solido, 1974).
Legodio (2000) found that the different kinds and rates of organic fertilizer
significantly affected the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation,
number of buds and cutflower yield per plant and cutflower yield per plot. Application of
4 tons / ha of chicken manure and sagana 100 produced the highest flower bud count,
highest volume of cut flower and had earlier flowering.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Materials used were: alstroemeria rhizomes; garden soil; rice hull; organic
fertilizers and these are Fully Decomposed Chicken Manure, PCM (Processed Chicken
Manure), BSU Compost, Alnus Leaves Compost, Sagana 100, plastic pots and labeling
materials.
Methods
This study was laid out in factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4
replications. Factor A was the kind of fertilizer and factor B was the rate of application.
The treatments were as follows:
Factor A- Organic Fertilizers
T0- 2 parts garden soil + 1 part rice hull
T1- Fully decomposed Chicken manure
T2- PCM
T3- BSU Compost
T4- Alnus Leaves Compost
T5- Sagana 100 Compost
Factor B- Rate of Application (t/ ha)
R0- Control (0-0-0)
R1- 4
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
7
R2- 6
R3- 8
R4- 10
R5- 12
The study was conducted under greenhouse condition. Cultural management
practices such as weeding; crop protection and irrigation were applied uniformly to all
test plants.
The data gathered were the following:
1. Final height of the plant (cm) at flowering. This was taken by measuring the
height of the plant at the base to the tip of the flower at 50% anthesis.
2. Final number of stems per plant at flowering. The number of stems per plant
was counted.
3. Number of days from planting to flower bud formation. This was obtained by
counting the number of days from planting until flower bud formation is
observed.
4. Number of flowers produced per plant. The flower produced per plant was
recorded at harvestable stage.
5. Days from planting to flowering. This was obtained by counting the number
of days from planting to flowering.
6. Cutflower stem length (cm). This was measured at 50%.
7. Vaselife. Cutflowers was harvested at 50 % anthesis where vaselife was
obtained in the laboratory. Tap water was used.
8. Soil Analysis.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
8
a. pH of the soil. The initial and final ph of the soil was taken before planting
and after harvesting.
b. Organic matter content and NPK of the soil %. This was taken by
determining the initial and final OM and NPK content of the soil.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
9
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Significant differences on the final height of
alstroemeria plants at flowering were noted as affected by the different kinds of fertilizer
organics. Plants applied with chicken manure were significantly taller with a mean of
47.61 cm; while plants applied with alnus compost, BSU compost, and Sagana 100 were
significantly shorter. Means plant heights were 34.46, 35.82 and 37.53cm; respectively.
Table 1. Final height of the plant at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN (cm)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
47.61 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
41.58 b
BSU Compost
35.83 c
Alnus Leaves Compost
34.46 c
Sagana 100
37.53 c
Rate of Application
Control
39.85 a
2 tons/ha
38.92 a
4 tons/ha
40.81 a
6 tons/ha
39.95 a
8 tons/ha
38.53 a
10 tons/ha
38.33 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
10
These indicate that the vegetative growth of alstroemeria was promoted with the
application findings of fully decomposed chicken manure.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 1 shows there were no significant
differences on the final height of alstroemeria plants at flowering as affected by the
different rates of fertilizer application. Among the treated plants however, those applied
with 4 tons/ of organic fertilizer per hectare were the tallest at 40.81 cm.
Interaction effect. The combined effects of the different kinds and rates of organic
fertilizers used did not significantly affect the final height of the plant at flowering.
Final Number of Stems per Plant at Flowering
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Significant differences were obtained on the effect of
kind of fertilizer on the number of stems per plant at flowering. As shown in Table 2,
alstroemeria plants applied with Processed Chicken Manure (PCM) produced the highest
number of stems with a mean of 24.08 stems per plant which was significantly higher
compared to the other treatments. Statistically however, it was comparable with the
number of stems produced by the plants applied with BSU compost and fully
decomposed chicken manure with means of 21.50 and 19.21 stems per plant;
respectively.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 2 shows that significantly higher
numbers of stems were obtained on all the plants applied with organic fertilizers at
flowering compared to the untreated plants. Among the treated plants, those applied with
2 tons/ha had the highest number of stems counted per plant with a mean of 23.80.
Higher number of stems were also recorded in the plants applied with 4 tons/ha and 6
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
11
tons/ha with 22.60 and 21.30 stems per plant respectively. The untreated plants produced
the lowest number of flower stems at 10.60 per plant, which shows that plant nutrition
significantly affects the number of stems produced in alstroemeria.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of organic fertilizers applied in alstroemeria on the number of stems per plant at
flowering.
Table 2. Final number of stems per plant at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
19.21 ab
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
24.10 a
BSU Compost
21.50 ab
Alnus Leaves Compost
16.79 b
Sagana 100
18.12 b
Rate of Application
Control
10.60 b
2 tons/ha
23.80 a
4 tons/ha
22.60 a
6 tons/ha
21.30 a
8 tons/ha
20.45 a
10 tons/ha
20.90 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
12
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Table 3 shows the effect of different kinds of organic
fertilizer on the number of days from planting to flower bud formation. Plants applied
with alnus compost and Sagana 100 had the highest mean of 131.37 and 131. 79 days
which indicates that flower bud formation is significantly longer. Statistical analysis
shows that there were no significant differences on the number of days from transplanting
to flower bud formation.
Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN (days)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
117.79 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
121.92 a
BSU Compost
122.58 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
131.37 a
Sagana 100
131.79 a
Rate of Application
Control
125.20 a
2 tons/ha
126.35 a
4 tons/ha
121.75 a
6 tons/ha
120.10 a
8 tons/ha
121.05 a
10 tons/ha
136.00 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
13
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, there were no significant
differences observed on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
as affected by the different rates of fertilizer application.
Interaction effect. The combined effects of the kinds and rates of organic
fertilizers on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation in
alstroemeria were not significant.
Table 4. Number of flowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
2.79 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
2.83 a
BSU Compost
2.79 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
2.12 a
Sagana 100
2.79 a
Rate of Application
Control
1.90 c
2 tons/ha
2.40 bc
4 tons/ha
2.90 ab
6 tons/ha
2.75 ab
8 tons/ha
3.10 a
10 tons/ha
2.85 ab
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
14
Number of Flowers Produced per Plant
Effect of kind of fertilizer. Table 4 shows the effect of different kinds of organic
fertilizers on the number of flowers produced per plant. Results shows that application of
different kinds of organic fertilizers did not significantly affected the flower number per
plant at flowering. Means ranged from 2.79 to 2.73 flowers per plant.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Results on table 4 reveals that the plants
applied with 8 tons/ha of organic fertilizer had the highest number of flowers with a mean
of 3.10. Higher number of flowers were also recorded on the plants applied with 4,6 and
10 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare with means of 2.90; 2.75 and 2.85 flowers per
plant; respectively. The alstroemeria plants applied with 2 tons/ha organic fertilizer had
only 2.40 flowers per plant comparable with the unfertilized plants with produced 1.90
flowers per plant (Table 4).
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect obtained between
the kinds and rates of organic fertilizers on the number of flowers produced per plant at
flowering.
Days from Planting to Flower Bud Formation
Effect of kind of fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
number of days from flowering to 50% anthesis as affected by kind of organic fertilizer
applied. Flower development in all plants was simultaneous which ranged from 126.458
to 144.144.083 days from the visible bud formation (Table 5).
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
15
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 5 shows that flower development was
simultaneous in all treated plants which reached 50% anthesis from 128.80 to 142.60
days from flowering.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of different organic fertilizers on the number of days from planting to
flowering.
Table 5. Days from planting to flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
126.46 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
128.37 a
BSU Compost
133.50 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
138.42 a
Sagana 100
144.08 a
Rate of Application
Control
130.20 a
2 tons/ha
135.90 a
4 tons/ha
129.55 a
6 tons/ha
137.95 a
8 tons/ha
128.80 a
10 tons/ha
142.60 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
16
Stem Length
Effect of kind of fertilizer. The effect of different kinds of organic fertilizer on the
stem length of alstroemeria cutflowers is shown in Table 6. Statistical analysis shows that
the application of the different kinds of organic fertilizers had highly significant effects
on the stem length of cutflowers produced per plant. Plants applied with chicken manure
had the longest cutflower stem with a mean of 51.10 cm. This was followed by the plants
applied with Sagana 100 with a mean stem length of 44.55 cm. While the shortest stems
were recorded in plants applied with BSU compost with only 37.10 cm stem lengths.
Table 6. Stem length of cutflowers
TREATMENT
MEAN (cm)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
51.10 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
41.85 c
BSU Compost
37.10 d
Alnus Leaves Compost
39.57 cd
Sagana 100
45.55 b
Rate of Application
Control
39.58 b
2 tons/ha
43.43 a
4 tons/ha
43.47 a
6 tons/ha
43.56 a
8 tons/ha
43.85 a
10 tons/ha
42.99 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
17
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 6 shows that significantly longer
cutflower stems were measured from all plants applied with organic fertilizers compared
to the untreated plants. Among the treated plants however, those applied with 2, 4, 6 and
8 tons/ha had a comparable means of 43.43, 43.47, 43.56 and 43.85 cm. This was
followed by the plants applied with 10 tons/ha with a mean 43.99 cm. The untreated
plants had the shortest stems with mean of 39.58 cm which shows that plant nutrition
significantly affected the stem length of the alstroemeria cutflowers.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects obtained between
the kinds and rates of organic fertilizers applied on the stem length of alstroemeria
cutflowers at harvest.
Vaselife (days)
Effect of kind of fertilizer. The durations of aesthetic value of alstroemeria
cutflowers harvested at 50% anthesis and held in tap water only is shown in Table 6.
Results show that since all the cutflowers were held at the same temperature and relative
humidity conditions in the holding room, differences on the vaselife of cutflowers
obtained from the different treatments were not significant. Means ranged from 13.83 to
14.29 days from holding.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, there were no significant
differences observed on the vaselife of alstroemeria as affected by the different rates of
fertilizer application. Results also revealed that there were no significant differences on
the vaselife between the treated and the untreated plants.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
18
Table 7. Vaselife
TREATMENT
MEAN (days)
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Chicken Manure
14.29 a
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
13.75 a
BSU Compost
13.92 a
Alnus Leaves Compost
13.83 a
Sagana 100
14.04 a
Rate of Application
Control
14.10 a
2 tons/ha
13.55 a
4 tons/ha
14.00 a
6 tons/ha
14.35 a
8 tons/ha
14.15 a
10 tons/ha
13.65 a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different in 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effects. The combined effects of the kinds and rates of fertilizer used
did not significantly affect the vaselife of the alstroemeria cutflowers held in tap water
only.
Soil Analysis
Table 8 shows the results of the initial and final soil analysis obtained before
planting. Soil pH in soils applied with different kinds of organic fertilizers was observed
to increase with increased rate of application. The increase of the soil pH indicates that
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
19
Table 8. Soil analysis
TREATMENT
pH
OM (%)
N (%)
P (ppm) K (ppm)
Initial
5.1
1.7
0.07
45
64
Chicken Manure
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
44
64
2 tons/ha
5.3
2.4
0.9
62
152
4 tons/ha
5.3
2.8
0.10
82
586
6 tons/ha
5.5
2.9
0.115
52
628
8 tons/ha
5.8
3.1
0.125
62
676
10 tons/ha
6.8
3.1
0.175
80
692
Processed Chicken Manure
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
44
64
2 tons/ha
5.2
2.6
0.18
54
82
4 tons/ ha
5.4
3.0
0.56
64
124
6 tons/ha
5.8
3.6
0.120
78
186
8 tons/ha
6.0
3.8
0.148
84
236
10 tons/ha
6.0
3.8
0.80
88
268
BSU Compost
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
44
64
2 tons/ha
5.6
3.0
0.10
46
68
4 tons/ ha
5.9
3.5
0.125
54
142
________________________________________________________________________
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
20
Table 8. Continued…
TREATMENT
pH
OM (%)
N (%)
P (ppm) K (ppm)
6 tons/ha
6.0
2.5
0.18
54
128
8 tons/ha
6.2
2.0
0.175
67
144
10 tons/ha
6.2
3.5
0.188
72
156
Alnus Leaves Compost
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
38
64
2 tons/ha
5.4
2.5
0.10
52
94
4 tons/ ha
5.4
3.0
0.122
66
172
6 tons/ha
5.6
3.2
0.125
78
216
8 tons/ha
5.8
3.4
0.125
80
246
10 tons/ha
6.2
3.6
0.175
94
310
Sagana 100
Control
5.1
2.2
0.8
42
64
2 tons/ha
5.3
2.4
0.10
46
88
4 tons/ ha
5.7
2.5
0.20
56
178
6 tons/ha
5.9
2.6
0.120
62
212
8 tons/ha
6.0
2.8
0.125
88
246
10 tons/ha
6.2
2.8
0.125
98
288
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
21
Manure at the rate of 10 tons/ha. Final soil pH in the other treatments ranged from 5.1 to
6.2 compared to the initial pH readings of 5.1 prior to planting. Likewise, other soil there
was higher calcium content in these organic fertilizers particularly the chicken manure.
Brady (2000) stated that calcium influences the decrease in the solubility of iron,
aluminum and manganese as well as the concentration of hydrogen ions, thus increasing
the availability of phosphate, molybdenum, magnesium, as well as calcium needed for
plant growth. Calcium also eliminates toxic compounds present in acidic soils which
happened on the soils applied with these different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers.
Results show that the final soil pH had increased in all treatments with increasing rate of
application. Higher final soil pH of 6.8 was obtained in plants applied with Chicken
conditions such as organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also
increased with the increase in the rate of organic fertilizer application.
Organic matter (OM), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) contents
of the soil had all increased. Results indicate that organic fertilizer application can
increase the soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer applied to the plants was sufficient
for plant growth and development. There was a significant nutrient decrease on untreated
plots because the nutrients used up by the plants were not replenished.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Project Area
of the Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2005 to
September 2006 to determine the effects of different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers
on the growth, flowering and yield of alstroemeria and to determine the best organic
fertilizer/s that will promote vegetative growth, flowering and improve yield in
alstroemeria.
Summary
Results show that there were no significant interaction effects between the kinds
and rates of organic fertilizers on the final height, final number of stems per plant at
flowering, number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation, number of flowers
produced per plant, days from planting to flowering, vaselife, and the stem length of the
cutflowers of alstroemeria.. However, plants applied with Processed Chicken Manure
(PCM) significantly produced more stems as compared to application of the other organic
fertilizer treatments and the untreated plants.
Earlier flowering and production of significantly taller plants and longer cutflower
stems were noted in plants applied with chicken manure.
On the other hand, the different kinds and rates of organic fertilizers significantly
affected the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. Application of 8
tons/ha of chicken manure produced the highest flower bud count, highest volume of
cutflowers and had earlier flowering.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
23
Conclusion
Based from the results obtained, it is therefore concluded, that the use of Chicken
Manure in alstroemeria production applied as organic fertilizer at the rate of 8 tons/ha led
to the production of desirable growth and quality of alstroemeria cutflowers.
Recommendation
Based from the above findings, the application of organic fertilizer (Chicken
Manure) is recommended for cutflower production in Alstroemeria. Applying chicken
manure in the production area at the rate of 8 tons/ha at least once a year is very
economical and advantageous to alstroemeria plants for their optimum growth,
development, and flowering.
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
24
LITERATURE CITED
BALCO, G.R. 1986. Non-metallic Minerals: Fertilizer Research. Philippine Council for
Agriculture and Resources Research and Development. National Council for
Agriculture and Resource Development. National Science and Technology
Authority. Los Banos, Laguna. P.76.
BRADY, N. C. 2000. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 10th Ed. New York: Mc Millan
Pub. Co. Inc. P.294.
BUCU, G.S. 1991. Kinds and Sources of Organic Materials. Golden Root Newsletter 3
(2): 1,2,9.
LEGODIO, M. B. 2000. Response of Everlasting (Hellychrysum brateatum) to Different
Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizer. Unpublished BS Thesis, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 7, 8.
MANG-OSAN, J.B. 1996. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and
Flowering of English Daisy. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P.5
MARCELINO, B.C. 1995. Effect of Different Organic Matters on the Growth yield of
NCT-8 Japonica rice variety. Unpublished B.S. Thesis. Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet. P.5.
RODRIQUES, S.B. 1981. Effect of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on
the Growth and Yield of Sugar Beets. Unpublished BS Thesis. Mountain State
Agricultural College. La Trinidad, Benguet.
SOLIDO, R. E. 1974. Some Important Information about Organi Matter and Farm
Management. RSS Marketing Enterprise. Manila. P. 143
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
25
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Final height at flowering
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II III
IV
TOTAL MEAN
Chicken manure
Control 55.88
48.51 40.38 48.51 193.2 48.3
2 tons/ha 48.76
63.75 41.91 40.89 195.31
48.82
4 tons/ha 52.07
59.69 60.96 44.70 217.42
543.35
6 tons/ha 53.34
51.30 41.40 48.06 194.1
48.52
8 tons/ha 42.92
48.06 41.91 43.18 176.07
44.10
10 tons/ha 40.64
46.99 40.64 38.1
166.37
41.60
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control 35.30
36.83 61.97 39.37 173.47
43.36
2 tons/ha 39.62
41.91 44.70 40.64 166.87
41.71
4 tons/ha 35.30
42.41 40.38 42.92 161.01
40.25
6 tons/ha 41.40
45.46 36.83 32.25 155.94
38.98
8 tons/ha 36.83
30.48 48.51 50.29 166.11
41.52
10 tons/ha 45.97
42.92 39.87 45.72 174.48
43.62
BSU Compost
Control 35.81
30.98 37.33 33.27 137.39
34.34
2 tons/ha 34.29
34.03 30.73 35.56 134.61
33.65
4 tons/ha 31.75
38.35 33.52 38.60 142.22
35.55
6 tons/ha 43.43
38.1 34.29 36.83 152.65
38.16
8 tons/ha 39.37
37.59 35.56 39.87 152.39
38.09
10 tons/ha 34.29
34.79 38.60 33.02 140.7
35.17
Alnus Compost
Control 30.73
38.60 46.73 27.94 144
36
2 tons/ha 27.94
35.81 30.48 34.29 128.52
32.13
4 tons/ha 30.49
31.75 38.35 35.56 137.15
34.28
6 tons/ha 38.35
33.52 41.91 36.83 150.61
37.65
8 tons/ha 30.73
30.48 33.02 40.89 135.12
33.78
10 tons/ha 33.52
34.49 32.51 31.24 131.56
32.89
Sagana
Control 38.35
27.94 45.72 36.83 148.84
37.21
2 tons/ha 42.16
30.73 45.72 34.54 153.15
38.28
4 tons/ha 54.86
34.29 31.24 38.1
158.49
39.62
6 tons/ha 40.89
42.67 36.83 25.4
145.79
36.44
8 tons/ha 33.52
33.02 36.32 38.1
140.96
35.44
10 tons/ha 32.51
31.75 38.1 51.05 153.41
38.35
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
26
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
2706.398 676.60 18.4551
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5
92.869 18.574 0.5066
2.31
3.22
A X B
20
564.860 28.243 0.7704
1.69
2.08
Error
90
3299.567 36.662
TOTAL
119 6663.694
Coefficient of Variation = 15.37%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
27
Appendix Table 2. Final number of stems at flowering
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III IV
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
13
9
8 10
40
10
2 tons/ha 22
69 12 19
122
30.5
4 tons/ha
17
29 49 16
111
27.75
6 tons/ha
23 18 9 23
73
18.25
8 tons/ha
12
19 13 11
55
13.75
10 tons/ha
9
15 12 24
60
15
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
18
14
14
13
59
14.75
2 tons/ha
21
21 15
48
105
26.25
4 tons/ha
20
33
24
22
99
24.45
6 tons/ha
23
19
32
27
101
25.25
8 tons/ha
24
17
25
39
105
26.25
10 tons/ha
29
22
26
32
109
27.25
BSU Compost
Control
11
15 12
9
47
11.75
2 tons/ha
15
30
30 19
94
23.5
4 tons/ha
30
28
18 20
96
24
6 tons/ha
27
31
19 27
104
26
8 tons/ha
17
21
28 16
82
20.5
10 tons/ha
29
18
17 29
93
23.25
Alnus Compost
Control
7
8
7 12
34
8.5
2 tons/ha
8
21
15 25 69
17.25
4 tons/ha
15
22
15 22 74
18.5
6 tons/ha
5
27
18 28
78
19.5
8 tons/ha
22
15
16 16 69
17.25
10 tons/ha
17
30
21 11
79
19.79
Sagana
Control
6
9
4
13
32
8
2 tons/ha
19
27
12
28
86
21.5
4 tons/ha
28
14
18 12
72
18
6 tons/ha
5
24
15 16
70
17.5
8 tons/ha
16
25
34 23
98
24.5
10 tons/ha
20
18
15 24
77
19.25
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
28
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
800.217 200.054 2.7879
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 2244.842 448.968 6.2567
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 1019.283 50.964 0.7702
1.69
2.08
Error
90 6458.250 71.758
TOTAL
119 10,522.592
Coefficient of Variation = 42.48%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
29
Appendix Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III IV
TOTAL MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
116 91
139 93
439
109.75
2 tons/ha 114 117
93
90
414
103.5
4 tons/ha
135 116
104 110
465
116.25
6 tons/ha
125 150
158 165
598
149.5
8 tons/ha
87
91
95
159
432
108
10 tons/ha
183 95
98
101
477
119.25
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
102 146
104 153
505
127.27
2 tons/ha
165 123
97
118
503
125.75
4 tons/ha
122 96
130 111
459
114.75
6 tons/ha
124 118
124 116
482
120.5
8 tons/ha
131 101
132 97
461
115.25
10 tons/ha
119 149
131 117
516
129
BSU Compost
Control
95
136
126 129
486
121.5
2 tons/ha
153 124
98
119
494
123.5
4 tons/ha
125 151
126 96
498
124.5
6 tons/ha
58
154
101 115
428
107
8 tons/ha
124 101
99
129
453
113.25
10 tons/ha
129 149
118 187
583
122.58
Alnus Compost
Control
108 196
108 136
548
137
2 tons/ha
129 111
114 164
518
129.5
4 tons/ha
131 128
99
147
505
126.25
6 tons/ha
108 130
119 109
466
116.5
8 tons/ha
112 175
132 152
571
142.75
10 tons/ha
121 186
102 136
545
136.25
Sagana 100
Control
146 116
91
173
526
131.5
2 tons/ha
153 128
179 138
598
149.5
4 tons/ha
93
119
177 119
508
127
6 tons/ha
104 157
68
99
428
107
8 tons/ha
174 133
98
99
504
126
10 tons/ha
148 124
152 175
599
149.75
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
30
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4 2772.335 693.084 0.8265
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 4475.386 895.077 1.0673
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 14854.939 742.747 0.8857
1.69
2.08
Error
90 75476.385 838.626
TOTAL
119 97,579.045
Coefficient of Variation = 23.30%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
31
Appendix Table 4. Number of flowers produced per plant.
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
3
2
2
2
9
2.25
2 tons/ha 3
5
2
3
13
3.25
4 tons/ha
3
3
3
3
12
3
6 tons/ha
2
2
2
2
8
2
8 tons/ha
4
3
4
2
13
3.25
10 tons/ha
2
3
4
3
12
3
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
2
1
2
2
7
1.75
2 tons/ha
2
3
2
2
9
2.25
4 tons/ha
4
3
3
4
14
3.5
6 tons/ha
3
4
3
3
13
3.25
8 tons/ha
3
4
3
4
14
3.5
10 tons/ha
4
3
1
3
11
2.75
BSU Compost
Control
2
1
2
2
7
1.75
2 tons/ha
1
3
2
2
9
2.25
4 tons/ha
3
3
3
4
14
3.5
6 tons/ha
4
4
3
3
13
3.25
8 tons/ha
3
4
3
4
14
3.5
10 tons/ha
3
3
1
3
11
2.75
Alnus Compost
Control
2
2
1
1
6
1.5
2 tons/ha
2
3
1
1
7
1.75
4 tons/ha
2
1
2
4
9
2.25
6 tons/ha
1
1
2
2
6
1.5
8 tons/ha
1
3
3
3
10
2.5
10 tons/ha
3
4
2
4
13
3.25
Sagana 100
Control
2
3
1
1
7
1.75
2 tons/ha
3
3
3
1
10
2.5
4 tons/ha
4
3
2
2
11
2.75
6 tons/ha
3
4
3
5
15
3.75
8 tons/ha
5
1
3
4
13
3.25
10 tons/ha
2
1
2
6
11
2.75
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
32
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
8.617 2.154 2.4159
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 18.842 3.768 4.2262
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 19.283 0.964 1.0803
1.69
2.08
Error
90 80.250 0.892
TOTAL
119 126.992
Coefficient of Variation = 35.52%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
33
Appendix Table 5. Days from planting to flower bud formation.
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
123 102
101 101
427
106.75
2 tons/ha 122 121
151 103
497
124.25
4 tons/ha
144 124
112 122
502
125.5
6 tons/ha
132 158
165 172
627
156.75
8 tons/ha
96
103
103 168
470
117.5
10 tons/ha
194 104
106 108
512
128
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
109 154
112 160
535
133.75
2 tons/ha
173 131
105 126
535
133.75
4 tons/ha
130 104
139 118
491
122.75
6 tons/ha
131 125
132 124
512
128
8 tons/ha
137 109
139 105
490
122.5
10 tons/ha
127 129
138 124
518
129.5
BSU Compost
Control
103 144
133 129
509
127.25
2 tons/ha
161 130
105 127
523
130.75
4 tons/ha
132 159
133 102
526
131.5
6 tons/ha
164 161
109 123
557
139.25
8 tons/ha
131 110
99
136
476
119
10 tons/ha
137 158
124 194
613
153.25
Alnus Compost
Control
114 203
117 143
577
144.25
2 tons/ha
137 119
122 164
542
135.5
4 tons/ha
139 136
108 147
423.8
105.95
6 tons/ha
115 139
127 117
498
124.5
8 tons/ha
119 183
139 159
555
138.75
10 tons/ha
129 193
110 143
575
143.75
Sagana 100
Control
153 125
98
180
556
139
2 tons/ha
160 137
179 145
621
155.25
4 tons/ha
102 125
188 127
542
135.5
6 tons/ha
112 165
179 109
565
141.25
8 tons/ha
185 140
105 110
540
135
10 tons/ha
161 131
160 182
634
158.5
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
34
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
8.617 2.154 2.4159
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 18.842 3.768 4.2262
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 19.283 0.964 1.0803
1.69
2.08
Error
90 80.250 0.892
TOTAL
119 126.992
Coefficient of Variation = 35.52%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
35
Appendix Table 6. Stem length
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III IV TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
48.26 43.43
40.89 47.75
180.33
45.08
2 tons/ha 49.78 56.89
41.91 45.97
194.55
48.63
4 tons/ha
59.69 54.61
46.99 42.67
203.96
50.99
6 tons/ha
61.21 58.67
54.61 40.89
215.38
53.84
8 tons/ha
57.65 57.15
56.13 58.67
229.9
57.4
10 tons/ha
50.29 52.57
47.24 50.29
200.39
50.09
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
35.81 34.03
54.61 34.03
158.58
39.64
2 tons/ha
45.21 42.41
42.67 44.19
168.48
42.12
4 tons/ha
40.89 44.45
43.43 40.89
169.66
42.41
6 tons/ha
41.40 41.14
40.91 43.94
167.39
42.84
8 tons/ha
44.95 38.86
40.13 44.70
168.64
41.16
10 tons/ha
41.91 43.94
41.14 38.86
165.85
41.46
BSU Compost
Control
33.47 32.25
40.13 37.84
143.69
35.92
2 tons/ha
40.13 39.87
34.29 38.60
152.89
38.22
4 tons/ha
35.05 44.70
39.37 33.27
152.39
38.09
6 tons/ha
33.29 34.79
35.30 44.45
147.83
36.95
8 tons/ha
36.06 38.35
37.30 39.11
150.82
37.70
10 tons/ha
34.54 37.84
36.32 34.03
142.73
35.68
Alnus Compost
Control
34.03 45.97
44.19 34.03
158.22
39.55
2 tons/ha
40.64 37.59
38.86 44.19
161.28
40.32
4 tons/ha
36.32 38.86
41.65 41.40
158.23
39.55
6 tons/ha
39.87 40.89
37.08 38.60
156.44
39.11
8 tons/ha
33.78 35.05
37.33 39.87
146.03
36.50
10 tons/ha
40.89 40.64
45.97 41.9
169.4
42.35
Sagana 100
Control
44.19 34.03
41.91 30.75 150.88
37.72
2 tons/ha
47.24 43.68
49.27 45.21
185.4
46.35
4 tons/ha
49.02 46.73
40.13 49.27
185.15
46.28
6 tons/ha
45.46 48.51
41.65 48.51
184.13
46.03
8 tons/ha
46.73 39.11
48.06 48.06
181.96
45.49
10 tons/ha
44.95 43.94
46.22 46.48
181.59
45.39
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
36
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4 2688.398 672.099 34.1643 2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 313.957 62.791 3.1918 2.31
3.22
A X B
20 357.199 17.860 0.9079 1.69
2.08
Error
90 1770.529 19.673
TOTAL
119 5130.083
Coefficient of Variation = 42.48%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
37
Appendix Table 7. Vaselife (days)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL MEAN
Chicken manure
Control
14
13
16
14
57
14.25
2 tons/ha 11
12
15
12
50
12.5
4 tons/ha
13
13
15
15
56
14
6 tons/ha
14
14
16
14
58
14.5
8 tons/ha
16
16
17
15
64
16
10 tons/ha
15
14
14
15
58
14.5
____________________________________________________________
Processed Chicken Manure (PCM)
Control
15
14
13
13
55
13.75
2 tons/ha
13
14
15
13
55
13.75
4 tons/ha
13
13
16
15
57
14.25
6 tons/ha
16
14
14
12
56
14
8 tons/ha
17
11
13
16
57
14.25
10 tons/ha
12
14
12
12
50
12.5
BSU Compost
Control
15
14
14
13
56
14
2 tons/ha
14
17
13
15
59
14.75
4 tons/ha
12
15
12
13
52
13
6 tons/ha
11
14
14
15
54
13.5
8 tons/ha
13
12
17
12
54
13.5
10 tons/ha
13
16
16
14
59
14.75
Alnus Compost
Control
14
16
13
14
57
14.25
2 tons/ha
14
13
14
11
52
13
4 tons/ha
17
16
11
15
59
14.75
6 tons/ha
15
12
16
13
56
14
8 tons/ha
11
13
14
16
54
13.5
10 tons/ha
10
15
15
14
54
13.5
Sagana 100
Control
15
15
14
13
57
14.25
2 tons/ha
14
14
15
12
55
13.75
4 tons/ha
14
13
14
15
56
14
6 tons/ha
16
17
13
17
63
15.75
8 tons/ha
13
15
13
13
54
13.5
10 tons/ha
12
12
13
15
52
13
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
38
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
TABULATED F
VARIANCE DF SS
MS Fc 0.05 0.01
Factor A
4
396.617 99.154 0.9272
2.71
4.01
Factor B
5 597.967 119.593 1.1183
2.31
3.22
A X B
20 1900.783 95.039 0.8887
1.69
2.08
Error
90 9625.000 106.944
TOTAL
119 12,520.367
Coefficient of Variation = 69.48%
Effects of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and
Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria pelegrina Linn.) /Jessie P. Buras. 2006
Document Outline
- Effects of Different Kinds and Rates ofOrganic Fertilizers on the Growth, Flowering and Yield of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriapelegrina Linn.).
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Final Height at Flowering
- Final Number of Stems per Plant at Flowering
- Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation
- Number of Flowers Produced per Plant
- Days from Planting to Flower Bud Formation
- Stem Length
- Vaselife (days)
- Soil Analysis
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES