BIBLIOGRAPHY

LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013. Advanced Yield Trial of Potential
Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet Condition.

Adviser: Darwin A. Basquial, MSc.

ABSTRACT


The study was conducted at Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet from December 2011
to March 2012 to identify new cultivar introduction adapted to local conditions and
evaluate the performance of selected lines suitable in the area.

Sweet Charlie, and strawberry variety crosses, namely, Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka),
Fern x Festival, Toyonoka x (Fern x Toyonoka), Agsapa x BSU Pierre, Rosalinda x
Toyonoka, Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka), BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x Toyonoka) were
evaluated in the study.

Results revealed that Sweet Charlie, Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka) and BSU Pierre
(Sweet Charlie x Toyonoka) were the earliest to initiate flowering, the first to initiate fruit
set and the first to harvest as compared to the other variety crosses. Agsapa x (Selva x
Toyonoka) was noted to be more superior to Sweet Charlie in terms of total number and
weight of strawberry fruits. On the other hand, Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka), Fern x Festival
and Agsapa x BSU Pierre may be planted as an alternative strawberry variety crosses to
Sweet Charlie in terms of number and weight of strawberry fruits.

Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Number of Days From Planting to Flowering, Flowering
to Fruit Set and Flowering to First Harvest


As shown in Table 1, Cultivar Sweet Charlie significantly flowered earlier from
transplanting to flowering. However, the results showed that the flowering of Sweet
Charlie (check variety) was comparable to Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka), BSU Pierre (Sweet
Charlie x Toyonoka), and Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka),while Toyonoka x (Fern x
Toyonoka) and Agsapa x BSU Pierre significantly required more days from transplanting
to flowering.

Results showed that, Cultivar Sweet Charlie (check variety) significantly flowered
earlier and had earlier fruit setting. The results from that cultivar Sweet Charlie was also
comparable to that of Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka), Fern x Festival and BSU Pierre (Sweet
Charlie x Toyonoka), while Toyonoka x (Fern x Toyonoka), Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka),
Agsapa x BSU Pierre, and Rosalinda x Toyonoka required more days from flowering to
fruit set.

Sweet Charlie significantly had earlier days from flowering to first harvest. Results
showed that Cultivar Sweet Charlie (check variety) was also comparable to Fern x (Fern x
Toyonoka), and BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x Toyonoka), while Toyonoka x (Fern x
Toyonoka) and Agsapa x BSU Pierre required more days from flowering to first harvest
(Table 1).






Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Table 1. Number of days from planting to flowering, flowering to fruit set and flowering
to first harvest.

VARIETY
DAYS FROM
DAYS FROM
DAYS FROM
TRANS-
FLOWERING
FLOWERING TO
PLANTING TO TO FRUIT SET FIRST HARVEST
FLOWERING




Sweet Charlie (Check
14.00--
5.00--
47.00--
Variety)

Fern x ( Fern x



Toyonoka)
14.00ns
5.00ns
47.00ns




Fern x Festival
16.67ns
5.67ns
49.67ns

Toyonoka x (Fern x



Toyonoka)
19.33**
6.33**
52.33**

Agsapa x BSU Pierre
22.00**
7.00**
55.00**

Rosalinda x Toyonoka
16.67ns
7.33**
49.67ns

Agsapa x ( Selva x



Toyonoka)
15.33ns
6.33**
48.33ns

BSU Pierre (Sweet



Charlie x Toyonoka)
14.00ns
6.00*
47.00ns

Within the column means are subjected to Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test
**- highly significant; *-significant; ns- not significant






Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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A

C
B

A








E
F

D




























G
H








Figure 3. Sample Strawberry Fruits from Sweet Charlie (Check variety) (A), Fern x (Fern
x Toyonoka) (B), Fernx Festival (C), Toyonoka x (Fernx Toyonoka) (D), Agsapa
x BSU Pierre (E), Rosalinda x Toyonoka (F), Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka) (G),
BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x Toyonoka) (H).
Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Yield and Yield Components
Total number of marketable fruits. Table 2 showed that Sweet Charlie (check variety) with
a mean of 144.67 fruits per 1x5m plot was comparable to Fern x Festival and Agsapa x BSU Pierre
with means of 168.67 and 129.67, while Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka) is significantly more superior
to the check variety (Sweet Charlie).

Total number of non-marketable fruits. Sweet Charlie (check variety) with a mean
of 132.00 fruits per 1x5m plot was comparable to Fern x Festival, Agsapa (Selva x
Toyonoka) and Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka) with means of 148.33, 136.33 and 127.00 fruits
per 1x5m plot, while Agsapa x BSU Pierre with mean of 165.67 fruits per 1x5m plot
significantly more superior to the check variety (Sweet Charlie).

Table 2. Total number of marketable and non-marketable strawberry fruits.

VARIETY
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF NON-
MARKETABLE FRUITS
MARKETABLE
FRUITS




Sweet Charlie (Check variety)
144.67--
132.00--

Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka)
101.33**
127.00ns
Fern x Festival
168.67ns
148.33ns
Toyonoka x (Fern x Toyonoka)
52.33**
68.00**
Agsapa x BSU Pierre
129.67ns
165.67*
Rosalinda x Toyonoka
75.33**
101.00*
Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka)
173.00*
136.33ns
BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x
90.67**
92.67*
Toyonoka)

Within the column means are subjected to Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test
**- highly significant; *-significant; ns- not significant
Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Weight of marketable strawberry fruits (g). Table 3 showed that, Agsapa x (Selva
x Toyonoka) significantly produced more heavier marketable strawberry fruits with a mean
of 1937.83g, while Fern x Festival produced heavier marketable as compared to the Sweet
Charlie (check variety).



Weight of non-marketable fruits(g). The variety crosses were comparable to Sweet
Charlie (check variety) except for Toyonoka x (Fern x Toyonoka) which significantly
produced lower non-marketable strawberry fruits with a mean of (620.67g).


Total yield (g). Fern x Festival cultivar with a mean of 3265.33 fruits per 1x5m plot
was significantly more superior to Sweet Charlie (check variety) with mean of 2497.83
fruits, while the rest of the variety crosses were comparable to Sweet Charlie (check
variety) except for Toyonoka x (Fern x Toyonoka) which significantly lower in total yield
with a mean of 1522.33 fruits.
Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Table 3. Total marketable, non-marketable weight and total yield of strawberry fruits
VARIETY
WEIGHT OF
WEIGHT OF

MARKETABLE
NON-
TOTAL YIELD (g)
FRUITS(g)
MARKETABLE
MEAN
FRUITS(g)




Sweet
Charlie(Checkvariety)
1486.17--
1011.67--
2497.83--
Fern x (Fern x
1150.17ns
1078.17ns
2228.33ns
Toyonoka)
Fern x Festival
1900.17ns
1197.83ns
3265.33*
Toyonoka x (Fern x
901.67*
620.67**
1522.33**
Tonoka)
Agsapa x BSU Pierre
1292.00ns
1192.17ns
2484.17ns
Rosalinda xToyonoka
1063.00*
785.67ns
2338.00ns
Agsapa (Selva x
1937.83*
1032.83ns
2970.67ns
Toyonoka)
BSU Pierre(Sweet
1046.83*
802.83ns
1849.67ns
Charlie x Toyonoka)

Within the column means are subjected to Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test
**- highly significant; *-significant; ns- not significant
Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Sugar Content (°Brix) of Strawberry Fruits.

There were no significant differences observed on the sugar content of strawberry
fruits. All of the crossed varieties had comparable (°Brix) sugar content with that of the
check variety (Sweet Charlie).

Strawberry cultivars Toyonoka, Fern and Selva normally had the sweet taste, juicy
and aromatic as characterized by Mr. Tagilan of King Louis Farm (HARRDEC- PARRFI,
1996).

Table 4. Sugar content (Brix) of strawberry fruits

VARIETY
MEAN (% Brix)


Sweet Charlie (Check variety)
8.47--

Fern ( Fern x Toyonoka)
10.34ns
Fern x Festival
8.56ns
Toyonoka x (Fern x Toyonoka)
8.62ns
Agsapa x BSU Pierre
8.92ns
Rosalinda x Toyonoka
9.11ns
Agsapa (Selva x Toyonoka)
9.01ns
BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x Toyonoka)
10.00ns
Within the column Means are subjected to Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test
**- highly significant; *-significant; ns- not significant





Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Table 5. Observed major insect pest (White Grabs).
VARIETY
VEGETATIVE
FLOWERING
HARVESTING
STAGE
TO FRUITING
STAGE




Sweet Charlie
2
2
1
(Check variety)

Fern ( Fern x
2
2
1
Toyonoka)
Fern x Festival
2
2
1
Toyonoka x (Fern
2
2
1
x Toyonoka)
Agsapa x BSU
2
2
1
Pierre
Rosalinda x
2
2
1
Toyonoka
Agsapa (Selva x
2
2
1
Toyonoka)
BSU Pierre (Sweet
2
2
1
Charlie x
Toyonoka)

Rating
Description

1
No infestation/infection
2
Moderate infestation/infection
A
B
3
Severe infestation/infection

Figure 4.Observed major insect pests (A) White grubs, (B) Symptoms of strawberry
plants infested with white grubs


Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Table 6. Observed major disease (Gray Mold).
VARIETY
VEGETATIVE
FLOWERING
HARVESTING
STAGE
TO FRUITING
STAGE




Sweet Charlie
1
1
3
(Check variety)

Fern ( Fern x
1
1
3
Toyonoka)
Fern x Festival
1
1
3
Toyonoka x (Fern
1
1
3
x Toyonoka)
Agsapa x BSU
1
1
3
Pierre
Rosalinda x
1
1
3
Toyonoka
Agsapa (Selva x
1
1
3
Toyonoka)
BSU Pierre (Sweet
1
1
3
Charlie x
Toyonoka)

Rating
Description

1
No infestation/infection
2
Moderate infestation/infection
3
Severe infestation/infection





A
B

Figure 5. Observed major disease (A) and (B) Strawberry fruits infected with gray molds
(Botrytis cinerea)



Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary


The study was conducted at Bocao, Abiang, Atok Benguet from December 2011 to
March 2012, to identify new cultivar introduction adapted to the local conditions and to
evaluate the performance of selected lines suitable in the area.

The earliest strawberry plants to initiate flowering, fruit set and flowering to first
harvest were Sweet Charlie, Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka) and BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x
Toyonoka). On the other hand, Agsapa x (Selva x Toyonoka), significantly produced
moreheavier weight of marketable strawberry fruits, while Fern x Festival produced
heavier yield (total yield) as compared to Sweet Charlie (check variety).

As to percentage of sugar content (°Brix), all of the variety crosses were
comparable to the check variety (Sweet Charlie).

Moderate infestations were observed from reproductive stage to vegetative stage
and no infestation of white grubs was observed on the maturity/harvest stage of the
strawberry plants,while no infection of gray molds was observed on the reproductive and
vegetative stage of strawberry fruits and severe infection were observed on the
maturity/harvest stage of strawberry fruits.






Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore concluded thatSweet Charlie, Fern
x (Fern x Toyonoka) and BSU Pierre (Sweet Charlie x Toyonoka) were the earliest to
initiate flowering, the first to initiate fruit set and the first to harvest as compared to the
other variety crosses.Agsapa x (Selva x Toyonoka) was noted to be more superior to Sweet
Charlie in terms of total number and weight of strawberry fruits. On the other hand, Fern
x (Fern x Toyonoka), Fern x Festival and Agsapa x BSU Pierre may be planted as an
alternative strawberry variety crosses to Sweet Charlie in terms of number and weight of
strawberry fruits.

Recommendation


Based on the preceding results and discussions, Agsapa x (Selva x Toyonoka) is
recommended to be grown under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet condition as it performs
well in terms of number and weight of strawberry fruits.

Fern x Festival, Agsapa x BSU Pierre and Fern x (Fern x Toyonoka) are alternative
strawberry variety crosses for Sweet Charlie in terms of number and weight of strawberry
fruits.

Further study is also recommended in other locations for verification of the
performance of the Strawberry to determine the suitable crosses in the area.





Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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LITERATURE CITED

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HALFACRE, G. R. and J. A. BARDEN. 1979. Horticulture. McGraw- Hill Book
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HERMANO, F.G..1999. Strawberry Production Management and Technology. ELIJAH

Computer Center. La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp.1-5, 10-15.

KUDAN, S. L. 2006. Performance of Strawberry ‘Sweet Charlie’ 1993 and 2003
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THOMPSON, P.A. and C.G. GUTTRIDGE. 1959. Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the
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TIPAYNO, A.C. 1976. Growth and Yield of Strawberry as Affected by Planting Season
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Benguet. P. 2.









Advanced Yield Trial of Potential Strawberry Crosses under Bocao, Abiang, Atok, Benguet
Condition | LINGBANAN, OLIVER B. MARCH 2013

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