BIBLIOGRAPHY CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012. Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration
with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some Carcass Characteristics. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Marlene B. Atinyao, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing broiler ration
with varying levels of ginger on the dressing percentage, percent breast muscle, weights of
wings, legs and thighs, skin, abdominal fat and weights of liver as percent of body weight.
Blood sampling was also done to determine the effect of ginger on the levels of Cholesterol,
HDL, LDL, and Triglycerides.
Results showed that adding 5, 10, and 15g of ginger/kg of commercial feeds in the
broiler diet had no significant effect on the dressing percentage, percent breast muscle,
weights of wings, legs and thighs, skin, abdominal fat, and liver expressed as percent of
body weights. The average dressing percentage, breast muscle, wings, legs and thighs, skin,
and abdominal fat expressed as percent carcass weight were 72.08%, 26.91%, 11.43%,
30.99%, 10.96%, and 1.77%, respectively. While the average breast muscle, wings, legs
and thighs, skin, abdominal fat and liver expressed as percent slaughter weight were
19.34%, 8.12%, 22.24%, 7.86%, 1.28%, and 0.91%, respectively.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
As to blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides the levels of which are
3.43mmol (normal), 1.46mmol (normal), 1.95mmol (high), and 0.39mmol (low),
respectively. The reference values used are 2.97-7.36 for cholesterol, 1.04-4.04 for LDL,
0.91-1.56 for HDL, and 0.40-1.52 for triglycerides, which are the normal ranges for
humans.
Results of the study shows that 5, 10, and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds may
be added to broiler ration with no adverse effect and that adding 5g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds may even lower the levels of blood Cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
INTRODUCTION
Chicken meat is healthier than other meat sources for human consumption because
of its low cholesterol and fat content (Ponte et al., 2004), but several studies have been
used to decrease the saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content of broiler meat.
Researches on rabbits and rats showed that ginger acted as a hypolipidaemic agent
in cholesterol-fed rabbits (Bhandari et al., 1998). Akhani et al., (2004) also reported that
ginger treatment significantly decreased both serum cholesterol and triglycerides. In
addition, Fuhrman et al., (2000) reported that ginger decreased LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-
cholesterol and triglycerides levels in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice. Furthermore,
Bhandari et al., (1998b) have reported that an ethanolic extract of ginger prevent
hypercholesterolemia and development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Bhandari et al., (2005) in another study found that, the ethanolic extract of ginger
significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and increased the HDL-
cholesterol levels; also, the extract can protect tissues from lipid peroxidation and exhibit
a significant lipid lowering activity in diabetic rats. The study of Gujaral et al., (1978)
further revealed that serum and liver cholesterol decreased when ginger was administered
to hypercholesterolemic rats.
This study was conducted whether the hypolipidaemic effect of ginger would be
observed in the blood cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides of broilers as reported in previous
studies, where feeding a specific amount of ginger to broilers resulted in significantly lower
blood LDL and triglycerides.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Results of the study may be used by other researchers as a basis for other related
studies.
The study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing broiler ration with 5, 10,
and 15g ginger on the dressing percentage, percent breast muscle, weight of wings, legs
and thighs, skin, abdominal fat and liver as percent of body weight. Particularly, it aimed
for the effect of ginger on the level of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL of the
broiler.
The carcass evaluation was done at the Meat Laboratory of Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Blood sampling was done at the Benguet General
Hospital Laboratory.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Medicinal herbs such as garlic and ginger have been reported to possess lipid-
lowering effects. Exploitation of lipid lowering agents of garlic and ginger may be used as
a measure to reduce levels of serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol and abdominal fat pad of
broiler chickens (Ademola et al, 2009)
In addition, phytochemical reports have shown that the main constituents of ginger
are Gingerol, Shagaols, Zingerone and Paradol. It was reported that 6-gingerol and 6-
shogaol are the major Gingerol and Shogaol present in the rhizome (Comell and
McLachlan, 1972). Sharma and Shukla (1977) reported a significant blood glucose
lowering effect of ginger juice in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. Ahmed and Sharma
(1997) also reported a significant hypoglycemic activity in rats after administration of
ginger extract. Akhani et al. (2004) reported that ginger pretreatment inhibited
streptozotocin hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinaemia. Moreover, Bhandari and Grover
(1998) reported the blood glucose and blood urea were lowered after administration of
ethanolic extract of ginger in diabetic rats. Ginger acts as a hypolipidaemic agent in
cholesterol-fed rabbits (Bhandari et al., 1998). Akhani et al. (2004) reported that ginger
treatment significantly decreased both serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Fuhrman et al.
(2000) additionally reported that ginger decreased LDL cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and
triglycerides levels in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice.
As well, Bhandari et al. (1998) have reported that an ethanolic extract of ginger
prevent hypercholesterolemia and development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed
rabbits.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Bhandari et al. (2005) found that, the ethanolic extract of ginger significantly
reduced serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and increased the HDL-cholesterol levels;
also, the extract can protect tissues from lipid peroxidation and exhibit a significant lipid
lowering activity in diabetic rats. Keeping in view the significant important of ginger this
research study was conducted to investigate the effect of ginger on the blood biochemistry
parameters of broiler.
Zhang et al. (2009) stated that all broilers appeared healthy and no mortality
occurred throughout the entire experimental period and supplementation of ginger powder
at the level of 5g/kg to diet tended to increase growth rate of broilers and increased carcass
yield without affecting feed intake or feed conversion rate. Inclusion of ginger in the diet
at this level enhanced oxidative stability, but lowered cholesterol, concentrations in the
serum of broilers.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The different materials used in the study are the following; 16 broilers at 42 days
old, slaughtering materials which were knives or blades, basins, weighing scale, blood
collection vials and syringes for the blood sample, pen and record book for written account.
This study made use of birds used in the growth study previously conducted.
Treatments used in the growth study were 0g ginger or pure commercial feeds as T0, 5g
ginger/kg of commercial feeds for T1, 10g ginger/kg of commercial feeds for T2, and 15g
ginger/kg of commercial feeds for T3. One broiler of approximately 1.9 kg live weight was
selected from each of the replicates in the growth study.
Before slaughtering, the birds were fasted for 12 hours. After fasting, the birds were
weighed individually and blood samples were taken for testing the amount of triglyceride,
cholesterol, HDL and LDL.
In collecting blood samples, the following steps were done; 1) The bird/s was
placed on the table, setting it on its side. 2) Wings were lifted up and feathers parted along
the wings. 3) Needle was placed at the slight angle, against the brachial vein. 4) Vein was
punctured and slowly withdrew blood. 5) Needle was removed and pressure was applied
to the vein for a few seconds. Vials were filled 1/2 or almost full (Fig.1) 6) The samples
were brought to the laboratory within one hour.
After slaughtering, carcass (Fig. 2), wings (Fig. 5), legs and thighs (Fig. 4) were
weighed with skin, while breast muscle was weighed without skin and bone (Fig. 3). Skin
(Fig. 7), abdominal fat (Fig. 6), and liver (Fig. 8) were separated and weighed individually.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 1. Collected blood samples
Figure 2. Weighing of the carcass
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 3. Weighing of the breast muscle without skin and bone
Figure 4. Weighing of legs and thighs
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 5. Weighing of wings
Figure 6. Weighing of the abdominal fat
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 7. Weighing of the skin
Figure 8. Weighing of the liver
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Data Gathered
1. Slaughter weight (kg). This was obtained by taking the weight of each of the
birds at 42 days old.
2. Carcass weight (kg). This was obtained by taking the weight of the carcass
without entrails, head and feet.
3. Weight of breast muscle (g). This was obtained by weighing the breast muscle
removed from each carcass.
4. Weight of legs and thighs (g). This was obtained by weighing the legs and thighs
removed from each carcass.
5. Weight of wings (g). This was obtained by weighing the wings removed from
each carcass.
6. Skin weight (g). This was obtained by weighing the skin removed from each
carcass.
7. Abdominal fat (g). This was obtained by weighing the abdominal fat.
8. Liver weight (g). This was obtained by weighing the liver.
9. Blood results. Blood samples were brought to the Benguet General Hospital
laboratory for blood analysis.
Data Computed
1. Dressing percentage (%). This was obtained by dividing the carcass weight by
the slaughter weight multiplied by 100.
2. Percent skin (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the skin by the
carcass weight multiplied by 100.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
3. Percent breast muscle (%). This was obtained by dividing the breast weight by
the carcass weight multiplied by 100.
4. Percent leg and thigh (%). This was obtained by dividing the leg and thigh weight
by the carcass weight multiplied by 100.
5. Percent wing (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the wing by the
carcass weight multiplied by 100.
6. Percent abdominal fat (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the
abdominal fat by the carcass weight multiplied by 100.
7. Percent liver (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the liver by the
slaughter weight multiplied by 100.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Slaughter, Carcass Weight and
Dressing Percentage
Slaughter and carcass weight of birds at 42 days old fasted for 12 hours is shown
in Table 1. Mean slaughter and carcass weights of birds were 1.92kg and 1.38kg,
respectively was obtained. Statistical analysis found no significant differences among
treatment means.
The average dressing percentage obtained in this study was 72.08% as shown in
Table 1. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the dressing percentage
of birds given 5, 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds. The dressing recovery of the
birds obtained in this study was higher than the industry standard which is 69% according
to Ibarra (1983), may be attributed to the fact that dressed weights were obtained
immediately after slaughter, while in the case of Ibarra, dressed weight was obtained after
chilling, about 2-3% decrease in weight was observed.
Table 1. Slaughter, carcass weight and dressing percentage of birds fed with varying
levels of ginger
SLAUGHTER
CARCASS
DRESSING
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (kg)
WEIGHT (kg) PERCENTAGE
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds 1.93
1.36
70.78
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 1.93
1.39
72.21
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 1.93
1.38
71.87
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 1.90
1.38
73.47
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Weight of Breast Muscle as Percent
of Slaughter and Carcass Weight
Presented on Table 2, the average weight of breast muscle expressed as percent of
slaughter weight and carcass weight were 19.34% and 26.91%, respectively. Statistical
analysis showed no significant differences between treatment means which implies that the
birds gave a yield of the same amount of breast muscle. This also signifies that feeding
broilers with 5, 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds had no effect on the development
of breast muscle.
Weight of Skin as Percent of Slaughter
and Carcass Weight
Table 3 shows the obtained results of skin weights as percent of slaughter and
carcass weight. The average weight of skin expressed as percent of slaughter weight and
carcass weight were 7.86% and 10.96%, respectively. Birds given 15g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the highest weight as expressed in carcass weight which is 12.22%
and birds given 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds being the lowest having 9.94%.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in both percent slaughter and carcass
weight.
Table 2. Weight of breast muscle as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed
with varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF BREAST MUSCLE
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
19.20
27.14
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
18.55
25.65
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
19.63
27.29
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
19.99
27.55
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Table 3. Weight of skin as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed with
varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF SKIN
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
7.41
10.47
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
7.09
9.94
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.05
11.19
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.89
12.22
Weight of Legs and Thighs as Percent
of Slaughter and Carcass Weight
The average weight of the legs and thighs of the broiler expressed as percent of
slaughter weight and carcass weight were 22.24% and 30.99%, respectively. Weight of
legs and thighs expressed as percent of slaughter and carcass weight as shown in Table 4
shows no significant differences. This implies that yield in legs and thighs of the broiler
given with or without ginger were more or less alike.
Table 4. Weight of legs and thighs as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed
with varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF LEGS AND THIGHS
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
AS PERCENT
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
22.50
31.83
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
22.55
31.33
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
21.83
30.42
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
22.07
30.39
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Weight of Wings as Percent of
Slaughter and Carcass Weight
Table 5 shows the weight of wings as percent of slaughter and carcass weight.
Weight of wings as percent of slaughter weight has the average of 8.12% while 11.43% for
the percent carcass weight. Although there is a difference between numerical values,
statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences between treatment
means.
Weight of Abdominal Fat as Percent
of Slaughter and Carcass Weight
Birds given 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the highest numerical value
with 2.09% in percent carcass weight and birds given 10g ginger/kg of commercial feeds
has the lowest with a numerical value of 1.62% (Table 6). Average weight of abdominal
fat expressed as percent of slaughter and carcass weight were 1.28% and 1.77%,
respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there is no significant difference in
treatment means. This entails that supplementing broiler diet with ginger has no effect on
reducing the abdominal fat.
Table 5. Weight of wings as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed with
varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF WINGS
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
7.92
11.22
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.07
11.22
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
7.80
11.28
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.68
11.99
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Table 6. Weight of abdominal fat as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed
with varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF ABDOMINAL FAT
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
1.17
1.67
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
1.25
1.70
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
1.17
1.62
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
1.53
2.09
Weight of Liver as Percent of
Slaughter Weight
As shown in Table 7, control birds has the lowest weight as percent of slaughter
weight with 0.78% and both 5 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the highest with
the same value of 0.96%. Average weight of liver expressed as percent of slaughter weight
is 0.91%. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences which implies that
supplementing 5, 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has no effect on the liver of
the birds.
Table 7. Weight of liver as percent of slaughter weight of birds fed with varying levels of
ginger
WEIGHT OF LIVER AS PERCENT OF
TREATMENT
SLAUGHTER WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
0.78
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
0.96
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
0.95
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
0.96
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Levels of Serum Cholesterol, HDL, LDL
and Triglycerides
Blood samples were collected before slaughtering and submitted to the laboratory
for analysis. Table 8 shows the results of the levels of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and
Triglycerides. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference among treatment
means.
Birds given 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the lowest level of cholesterol
and LDL with 3.21mmol/l and 1.29mmol/l, respectively which is within the normal range.
The reference value used is 2.97-7.36 for cholesterol and 1.04-4.04 for LDL which is the
normal range for humans. In the level of Triglycerides both 5 and 10g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the lowest with the same level of 0.37mmol/l which is low if
reference value used is 0.40-1.52 which is the normal range for humans. LDL is often
reffered to as “bad cholesterol” and promotes atherosclerosis, as a result lower or atleast
normal LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides is required. Birds given 15g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the highest level of HDL which is 2.06mmol/l, followed by the
control birds with 1.98mmol/l, third would be those given 10g ginger/kg of commercial
feeds with 1.92mmol/l and birds given 5g ginger/kg commercial feeds being the lowest
with 1.85mmol/l, which is high if reference value used is 0.91-1.56 which is the normal
range for humans. HDL is reffered to as “good cholesterol” and appears to retard
atherosclerosis, as a result high or atleast normal HDL is required.
Therefore, birds given 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the most desirable
outcome wherein according to Zhang et al. (2009) adding 5g ginger/kg commercial feeds
to broiler diet lowered the cholesterol concentration in the serum of broilers.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Table 8. Levels of serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides of birds fed with
varying levels of ginger (mmol/l)
TREATMENT
CHOL
HDL
LDL TRIGLY
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds 3.62N
1.98H
1.68N
0.42N
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 3.21N
1.85H
1.29N
0.37L
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 3.41N
1.92H
1.42N
0.37L
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 3.49N
2.06H
1.35N
0.41N
N- Normal; H- High; and L- Low (if reference value used is for human)
Reference values: 2.97-7.36 (cholesterol); 0.91-1.56 (HDL); 1.04-4.04 (LDL); 0.40-1.52
(triglycerides)
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was performed to determine the effect of supplementing broiler ration
with varying levels of ginger on the dressing percentage, weight of breast muscle, wings,
legs and thighs, skin, and abdominal fat expressed as percent slaughter and carcass weight
and weight of liver as percent of slaughter weight. Particularly, it aimed for the effect of
ginger on the level of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL of the broiler.
After statistical analysis, it was found out that there were no significant differences
in terms of slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, weight of breast muscle,
legs and thighs, skin, wings and abdominal fat expressed as percent of slaughter weight
and carcass weight and weight of liver as percent of slaughter weight. Statistical analysis
also showed no sinificant differences on the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and
LDL.
Refering to the reference values for humans, the birds given 5g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the most significant effect on the blood results. This entails that
addition of 5g ginger to commercial feeds given to broilers would lower down cholesterol,
LDL and triglycerides.
Conclusion
Results of the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL from
broilers supplemented with 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds varied from that of broilers
given 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
It is then concluded that use of 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds to broilers would
have a good effect on blood components. In terms of slaughter and carcass quality of the
broilers, use of ginger has no effect on the broilers.
Recommendation
Therefore, 5g of ginger is recommended to be given as a supplement in broiler diet
to lower down cholesterol and LDL. However, it is also recommended to conduct further
study on the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL of broilers not limiting it
on testing the serum.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
LITERATURE CITED
ADEMOLA S.G., G.O. FARINU and G.M. BABATUNDE, 2009. Serum Lipid, Growth
and Haematological Parameters of Broilers Fed Garlic, Ginger and their mixtures.
World J. Agric. Sci., 5: 99-104. Retrieved 09 January 2012 at World Wide Web:
http://idosi.org/wjas/wjas(1)/15.pdf
AKHANI, S.P., S.L. VISHWAKARMA and R.K. GOYAL 2004. Anti-diabetic activity
of Zingiber officinale in Streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56: 101-105.
BHANDARI, U. and J.K. GROVER, 1998A. Effect of ethanolic extract of ginger on
hyperglycemic rats. International Journal of Diabetes 6:95–96.
BHANDARI, U., SHARMA, J.N. and ZAFAR, R. 1998b. The protective action of
ethanolic ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 61:167-171.
BHANDARI, U., KANOJI, R. and PILLAI, K.K. 2005. Effect of ethanolic extract of
Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 97:227-
230.
COMELL, D.W. and R. MCLACHLAN, 1972. Natural pungent compounds: Examination
of gingerols, shoagaols, paradols and related compounds by thin-layer and gas
chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 67: 29-35.
FUHRMAN, B., M. ROSEBLATE, T. HAYEK, R. COLEMAN, and M. AVIRAM 2000.
Ginger Extract Consumption Reduces Plasma Cholesterol, Inhibits LDL Oxidation
and Attenuates Development of Atherosclerosis in Atherosclerotic, Apolipoprotein
E-Deficient Mice. J. Nutr. 130: 1124-1131.
GUJARAL, S., BHUMRA, H., and SWAROOP, M., 1978. Effect of ginger oleoresin on
serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in cholesterol-fed rats. Nutrition Reports
International 17: 183-187.
IBARRA, P. I. 1983. Meat processing for small and medium care operations. University
of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna. Journal of Animal Science: Pp. 182-189.
PONTE, P.I.P., I. MENDES, M. QUARESMA, M. N. M. AGUIAR, J. P. C. LEMOS, L.
M. A. FERREIRA, M. A. C. SOARES, C. M. ALFAIA, J. A. M. PATES, and C.
M. G. A. FONTES 2004. Cholesterol levels and sensory characteristics of meat
from broiler consuming moderate to high levels of alfalfa. Poult. Sci. 83, 810-814.
SHARMA, M. and S. SHUKLA 1977. Hypoglycaemic effect of ginger. The J. of
Research in Indian Yoga and Homoeopathy12: 127–130.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
ZHANG G. F., YANG Z.B., WANG Y., YANG W. R., JIANG S. Z. and GAI G. S.,
2009. Effects of ginger root (zingiber officinale) processed to different particle
sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler
chickens. Received March 30, 2009. Accepted June 13, 2009. Retrieved 06 January
2012 at WWW: http://ps.fass.org/ content/88/10/2159.full.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012. Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration
with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some Carcass Characteristics. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Marlene B. Atinyao, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing broiler ration
with varying levels of ginger on the dressing percentage, percent breast muscle, weights of
wings, legs and thighs, skin, abdominal fat and weights of liver as percent of body weight.
Blood sampling was also done to determine the effect of ginger on the levels of Cholesterol,
HDL, LDL, and Triglycerides.
Results showed that adding 5, 10, and 15g of ginger/kg of commercial feeds in the
broiler diet had no significant effect on the dressing percentage, percent breast muscle,
weights of wings, legs and thighs, skin, abdominal fat, and liver expressed as percent of
body weights. The average dressing percentage, breast muscle, wings, legs and thighs, skin,
and abdominal fat expressed as percent carcass weight were 72.08%, 26.91%, 11.43%,
30.99%, 10.96%, and 1.77%, respectively. While the average breast muscle, wings, legs
and thighs, skin, abdominal fat and liver expressed as percent slaughter weight were
19.34%, 8.12%, 22.24%, 7.86%, 1.28%, and 0.91%, respectively.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
As to blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides the levels of which are
3.43mmol (normal), 1.46mmol (normal), 1.95mmol (high), and 0.39mmol (low),
respectively. The reference values used are 2.97-7.36 for cholesterol, 1.04-4.04 for LDL,
0.91-1.56 for HDL, and 0.40-1.52 for triglycerides, which are the normal ranges for
humans.
Results of the study shows that 5, 10, and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds may
be added to broiler ration with no adverse effect and that adding 5g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds may even lower the levels of blood Cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
INTRODUCTION
Chicken meat is healthier than other meat sources for human consumption because
of its low cholesterol and fat content (Ponte et al., 2004), but several studies have been
used to decrease the saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content of broiler meat.
Researches on rabbits and rats showed that ginger acted as a hypolipidaemic agent
in cholesterol-fed rabbits (Bhandari et al., 1998). Akhani et al., (2004) also reported that
ginger treatment significantly decreased both serum cholesterol and triglycerides. In
addition, Fuhrman et al., (2000) reported that ginger decreased LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-
cholesterol and triglycerides levels in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice. Furthermore,
Bhandari et al., (1998b) have reported that an ethanolic extract of ginger prevent
hypercholesterolemia and development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Bhandari et al., (2005) in another study found that, the ethanolic extract of ginger
significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and increased the HDL-
cholesterol levels; also, the extract can protect tissues from lipid peroxidation and exhibit
a significant lipid lowering activity in diabetic rats. The study of Gujaral et al., (1978)
further revealed that serum and liver cholesterol decreased when ginger was administered
to hypercholesterolemic rats.
This study was conducted whether the hypolipidaemic effect of ginger would be
observed in the blood cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides of broilers as reported in previous
studies, where feeding a specific amount of ginger to broilers resulted in significantly lower
blood LDL and triglycerides.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Results of the study may be used by other researchers as a basis for other related
studies.
The study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing broiler ration with 5, 10,
and 15g ginger on the dressing percentage, percent breast muscle, weight of wings, legs
and thighs, skin, abdominal fat and liver as percent of body weight. Particularly, it aimed
for the effect of ginger on the level of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL of the
broiler.
The carcass evaluation was done at the Meat Laboratory of Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Blood sampling was done at the Benguet General
Hospital Laboratory.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Medicinal herbs such as garlic and ginger have been reported to possess lipid-
lowering effects. Exploitation of lipid lowering agents of garlic and ginger may be used as
a measure to reduce levels of serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol and abdominal fat pad of
broiler chickens (Ademola et al, 2009)
In addition, phytochemical reports have shown that the main constituents of ginger
are Gingerol, Shagaols, Zingerone and Paradol. It was reported that 6-gingerol and 6-
shogaol are the major Gingerol and Shogaol present in the rhizome (Comell and
McLachlan, 1972). Sharma and Shukla (1977) reported a significant blood glucose
lowering effect of ginger juice in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. Ahmed and Sharma
(1997) also reported a significant hypoglycemic activity in rats after administration of
ginger extract. Akhani et al. (2004) reported that ginger pretreatment inhibited
streptozotocin hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinaemia. Moreover, Bhandari and Grover
(1998) reported the blood glucose and blood urea were lowered after administration of
ethanolic extract of ginger in diabetic rats. Ginger acts as a hypolipidaemic agent in
cholesterol-fed rabbits (Bhandari et al., 1998). Akhani et al. (2004) reported that ginger
treatment significantly decreased both serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Fuhrman et al.
(2000) additionally reported that ginger decreased LDL cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and
triglycerides levels in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice.
As well, Bhandari et al. (1998) have reported that an ethanolic extract of ginger
prevent hypercholesterolemia and development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed
rabbits.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Bhandari et al. (2005) found that, the ethanolic extract of ginger significantly
reduced serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and increased the HDL-cholesterol levels;
also, the extract can protect tissues from lipid peroxidation and exhibit a significant lipid
lowering activity in diabetic rats. Keeping in view the significant important of ginger this
research study was conducted to investigate the effect of ginger on the blood biochemistry
parameters of broiler.
Zhang et al. (2009) stated that all broilers appeared healthy and no mortality
occurred throughout the entire experimental period and supplementation of ginger powder
at the level of 5g/kg to diet tended to increase growth rate of broilers and increased carcass
yield without affecting feed intake or feed conversion rate. Inclusion of ginger in the diet
at this level enhanced oxidative stability, but lowered cholesterol, concentrations in the
serum of broilers.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The different materials used in the study are the following; 16 broilers at 42 days
old, slaughtering materials which were knives or blades, basins, weighing scale, blood
collection vials and syringes for the blood sample, pen and record book for written account.
This study made use of birds used in the growth study previously conducted.
Treatments used in the growth study were 0g ginger or pure commercial feeds as T0, 5g
ginger/kg of commercial feeds for T1, 10g ginger/kg of commercial feeds for T2, and 15g
ginger/kg of commercial feeds for T3. One broiler of approximately 1.9 kg live weight was
selected from each of the replicates in the growth study.
Before slaughtering, the birds were fasted for 12 hours. After fasting, the birds were
weighed individually and blood samples were taken for testing the amount of triglyceride,
cholesterol, HDL and LDL.
In collecting blood samples, the following steps were done; 1) The bird/s was
placed on the table, setting it on its side. 2) Wings were lifted up and feathers parted along
the wings. 3) Needle was placed at the slight angle, against the brachial vein. 4) Vein was
punctured and slowly withdrew blood. 5) Needle was removed and pressure was applied
to the vein for a few seconds. Vials were filled 1/2 or almost full (Fig.1) 6) The samples
were brought to the laboratory within one hour.
After slaughtering, carcass (Fig. 2), wings (Fig. 5), legs and thighs (Fig. 4) were
weighed with skin, while breast muscle was weighed without skin and bone (Fig. 3). Skin
(Fig. 7), abdominal fat (Fig. 6), and liver (Fig. 8) were separated and weighed individually.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 1. Collected blood samples
Figure 2. Weighing of the carcass
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 3. Weighing of the breast muscle without skin and bone
Figure 4. Weighing of legs and thighs
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 5. Weighing of wings
Figure 6. Weighing of the abdominal fat
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Figure 7. Weighing of the skin
Figure 8. Weighing of the liver
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Data Gathered
1. Slaughter weight (kg). This was obtained by taking the weight of each of the
birds at 42 days old.
2. Carcass weight (kg). This was obtained by taking the weight of the carcass
without entrails, head and feet.
3. Weight of breast muscle (g). This was obtained by weighing the breast muscle
removed from each carcass.
4. Weight of legs and thighs (g). This was obtained by weighing the legs and thighs
removed from each carcass.
5. Weight of wings (g). This was obtained by weighing the wings removed from
each carcass.
6. Skin weight (g). This was obtained by weighing the skin removed from each
carcass.
7. Abdominal fat (g). This was obtained by weighing the abdominal fat.
8. Liver weight (g). This was obtained by weighing the liver.
9. Blood results. Blood samples were brought to the Benguet General Hospital
laboratory for blood analysis.
Data Computed
1. Dressing percentage (%). This was obtained by dividing the carcass weight by
the slaughter weight multiplied by 100.
2. Percent skin (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the skin by the
carcass weight multiplied by 100.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
3. Percent breast muscle (%). This was obtained by dividing the breast weight by
the carcass weight multiplied by 100.
4. Percent leg and thigh (%). This was obtained by dividing the leg and thigh weight
by the carcass weight multiplied by 100.
5. Percent wing (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the wing by the
carcass weight multiplied by 100.
6. Percent abdominal fat (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the
abdominal fat by the carcass weight multiplied by 100.
7. Percent liver (%). This was obtained by dividing the weight of the liver by the
slaughter weight multiplied by 100.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Slaughter, Carcass Weight and
Dressing Percentage
Slaughter and carcass weight of birds at 42 days old fasted for 12 hours is shown
in Table 1. Mean slaughter and carcass weights of birds were 1.92kg and 1.38kg,
respectively was obtained. Statistical analysis found no significant differences among
treatment means.
The average dressing percentage obtained in this study was 72.08% as shown in
Table 1. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the dressing percentage
of birds given 5, 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds. The dressing recovery of the
birds obtained in this study was higher than the industry standard which is 69% according
to Ibarra (1983), may be attributed to the fact that dressed weights were obtained
immediately after slaughter, while in the case of Ibarra, dressed weight was obtained after
chilling, about 2-3% decrease in weight was observed.
Table 1. Slaughter, carcass weight and dressing percentage of birds fed with varying
levels of ginger
SLAUGHTER
CARCASS
DRESSING
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (kg)
WEIGHT (kg) PERCENTAGE
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds 1.93
1.36
70.78
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 1.93
1.39
72.21
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 1.93
1.38
71.87
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 1.90
1.38
73.47
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Weight of Breast Muscle as Percent
of Slaughter and Carcass Weight
Presented on Table 2, the average weight of breast muscle expressed as percent of
slaughter weight and carcass weight were 19.34% and 26.91%, respectively. Statistical
analysis showed no significant differences between treatment means which implies that the
birds gave a yield of the same amount of breast muscle. This also signifies that feeding
broilers with 5, 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds had no effect on the development
of breast muscle.
Weight of Skin as Percent of Slaughter
and Carcass Weight
Table 3 shows the obtained results of skin weights as percent of slaughter and
carcass weight. The average weight of skin expressed as percent of slaughter weight and
carcass weight were 7.86% and 10.96%, respectively. Birds given 15g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the highest weight as expressed in carcass weight which is 12.22%
and birds given 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds being the lowest having 9.94%.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in both percent slaughter and carcass
weight.
Table 2. Weight of breast muscle as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed
with varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF BREAST MUSCLE
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
19.20
27.14
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
18.55
25.65
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
19.63
27.29
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
19.99
27.55
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Table 3. Weight of skin as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed with
varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF SKIN
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
7.41
10.47
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
7.09
9.94
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.05
11.19
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.89
12.22
Weight of Legs and Thighs as Percent
of Slaughter and Carcass Weight
The average weight of the legs and thighs of the broiler expressed as percent of
slaughter weight and carcass weight were 22.24% and 30.99%, respectively. Weight of
legs and thighs expressed as percent of slaughter and carcass weight as shown in Table 4
shows no significant differences. This implies that yield in legs and thighs of the broiler
given with or without ginger were more or less alike.
Table 4. Weight of legs and thighs as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed
with varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF LEGS AND THIGHS
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
AS PERCENT
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
22.50
31.83
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
22.55
31.33
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
21.83
30.42
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
22.07
30.39
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Weight of Wings as Percent of
Slaughter and Carcass Weight
Table 5 shows the weight of wings as percent of slaughter and carcass weight.
Weight of wings as percent of slaughter weight has the average of 8.12% while 11.43% for
the percent carcass weight. Although there is a difference between numerical values,
statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences between treatment
means.
Weight of Abdominal Fat as Percent
of Slaughter and Carcass Weight
Birds given 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the highest numerical value
with 2.09% in percent carcass weight and birds given 10g ginger/kg of commercial feeds
has the lowest with a numerical value of 1.62% (Table 6). Average weight of abdominal
fat expressed as percent of slaughter and carcass weight were 1.28% and 1.77%,
respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there is no significant difference in
treatment means. This entails that supplementing broiler diet with ginger has no effect on
reducing the abdominal fat.
Table 5. Weight of wings as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed with
varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF WINGS
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
7.92
11.22
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.07
11.22
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
7.80
11.28
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
8.68
11.99
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Table 6. Weight of abdominal fat as percent of slaughter and carcass weight of birds fed
with varying levels of ginger
WEIGHT OF ABDOMINAL FAT
AS PERCENT
AS PERCENT
OF SLAUGHTER
OF CARCASS
TREATMENT
WEIGHT (%)
WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
1.17
1.67
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
1.25
1.70
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
1.17
1.62
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
1.53
2.09
Weight of Liver as Percent of
Slaughter Weight
As shown in Table 7, control birds has the lowest weight as percent of slaughter
weight with 0.78% and both 5 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the highest with
the same value of 0.96%. Average weight of liver expressed as percent of slaughter weight
is 0.91%. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences which implies that
supplementing 5, 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has no effect on the liver of
the birds.
Table 7. Weight of liver as percent of slaughter weight of birds fed with varying levels of
ginger
WEIGHT OF LIVER AS PERCENT OF
TREATMENT
SLAUGHTER WEIGHT (%)
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds
0.78
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
0.96
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
0.95
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds
0.96
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Levels of Serum Cholesterol, HDL, LDL
and Triglycerides
Blood samples were collected before slaughtering and submitted to the laboratory
for analysis. Table 8 shows the results of the levels of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and
Triglycerides. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference among treatment
means.
Birds given 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the lowest level of cholesterol
and LDL with 3.21mmol/l and 1.29mmol/l, respectively which is within the normal range.
The reference value used is 2.97-7.36 for cholesterol and 1.04-4.04 for LDL which is the
normal range for humans. In the level of Triglycerides both 5 and 10g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the lowest with the same level of 0.37mmol/l which is low if
reference value used is 0.40-1.52 which is the normal range for humans. LDL is often
reffered to as “bad cholesterol” and promotes atherosclerosis, as a result lower or atleast
normal LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides is required. Birds given 15g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the highest level of HDL which is 2.06mmol/l, followed by the
control birds with 1.98mmol/l, third would be those given 10g ginger/kg of commercial
feeds with 1.92mmol/l and birds given 5g ginger/kg commercial feeds being the lowest
with 1.85mmol/l, which is high if reference value used is 0.91-1.56 which is the normal
range for humans. HDL is reffered to as “good cholesterol” and appears to retard
atherosclerosis, as a result high or atleast normal HDL is required.
Therefore, birds given 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds has the most desirable
outcome wherein according to Zhang et al. (2009) adding 5g ginger/kg commercial feeds
to broiler diet lowered the cholesterol concentration in the serum of broilers.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
Table 8. Levels of serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides of birds fed with
varying levels of ginger (mmol/l)
TREATMENT
CHOL
HDL
LDL TRIGLY
________________________________________________________________________
0g Ginger or pure commercial feeds 3.62N
1.98H
1.68N
0.42N
5g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 3.21N
1.85H
1.29N
0.37L
10g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 3.41N
1.92H
1.42N
0.37L
15g Ginger/kg of commercial feeds 3.49N
2.06H
1.35N
0.41N
N- Normal; H- High; and L- Low (if reference value used is for human)
Reference values: 2.97-7.36 (cholesterol); 0.91-1.56 (HDL); 1.04-4.04 (LDL); 0.40-1.52
(triglycerides)
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was performed to determine the effect of supplementing broiler ration
with varying levels of ginger on the dressing percentage, weight of breast muscle, wings,
legs and thighs, skin, and abdominal fat expressed as percent slaughter and carcass weight
and weight of liver as percent of slaughter weight. Particularly, it aimed for the effect of
ginger on the level of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL of the broiler.
After statistical analysis, it was found out that there were no significant differences
in terms of slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, weight of breast muscle,
legs and thighs, skin, wings and abdominal fat expressed as percent of slaughter weight
and carcass weight and weight of liver as percent of slaughter weight. Statistical analysis
also showed no sinificant differences on the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and
LDL.
Refering to the reference values for humans, the birds given 5g ginger/kg of
commercial feeds has the most significant effect on the blood results. This entails that
addition of 5g ginger to commercial feeds given to broilers would lower down cholesterol,
LDL and triglycerides.
Conclusion
Results of the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL from
broilers supplemented with 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds varied from that of broilers
given 10 and 15g ginger/kg of commercial feeds.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
It is then concluded that use of 5g ginger/kg of commercial feeds to broilers would
have a good effect on blood components. In terms of slaughter and carcass quality of the
broilers, use of ginger has no effect on the broilers.
Recommendation
Therefore, 5g of ginger is recommended to be given as a supplement in broiler diet
to lower down cholesterol and LDL. However, it is also recommended to conduct further
study on the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL of broilers not limiting it
on testing the serum.
Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012
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Effect of Supplementing Broiler Ration with Different Levels of Dried Ginger Diet on Some
Carcass Characteristics | CABINTA, RHEALYN M. MAY 2012