BIBLIOGRAPHY RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012. The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the
Carcass Yield and Quality of Broilers. Benguet State University La, Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Madeline S. Kingan, Msc.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to find out the effect of aloe vera extract on the carcass
yield and quality of broilers. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the effect of aloe
vera extract on the carcass yield and quality of broilers, and to determine the effect on
slaughter weight, carcass weight, and dressing percentage on the different major and minor
cuts of broilers. An organoleptic evaluation was also done to assess the quality of carcasses
produced under La Trinidad, Benguet.
The result of statistical analysis showed that aloe vera extract added to water as
synthetic replacement had no effect in terms of the meat cuts as well as the organoleptic
test of the cooked meat in each treatment.
It is therefore concluded that aloe vera supplementation is safe as it did not produce
any detrimental effect on the carcass yield and sensory characteristics of broiler meat. It
may be used by broiler raisers upon their own discretion.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
INTRODUCTION
Broiler chicken is one of the most important animal protein sources for the people
as the price is relatively achievable even for the poorer people. The growth of broiler
chicken is relatively faster with a shorter life cycle compared with other meat-producing
livestock. At the age of 5 to 6 weeks, broiler can reach slaughter weight of 1.5 to 2.0 kg.
In terms of its quantity, broiler is generally raised in a large number from thousands to
hundred thousand per farm per period of two months per period or six periods per year.
Thus, broiler meat production is competitively to supply the demand for meat which
increases continuously following the increase of human population and their requirement
for high quality food. However, the use of some chemically based feed additives, such as
antibiotics and growth promoters, have been widely applied by broiler industries. These
feed additives are used by the poultry industries to improve health and productivity of
chicken flocks. These feed additives are effectively used to support such high and very fast
growth of broiler. In contrast to their positive impacts, these some feed additives may still
remain in the broiler products as residues or there are at least some perceptions among the
consumers that broiler meat may contain the residues which may give negative effects on
consumer’s health problems.
An increasing number of consumers demanding health and natural foods have
favored organic livestock farming. Organic livestock farming, which is reputed to be
environmentally friendly and sustains animals in good health, resulting in high quality
products has a defined standard with a greater attention to animal welfare and at least 80
percent of feed grown without pesticides or artificial fertilizers. The higher guarantee of
the absence of residue is certain, but the effect of organic farming on qualitative
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
characteristics of the products is unknown. This study sought to contribute to the
knowledge of qualitative traits of broiler carcass and meat produced organically
The practice of complementary and alternative medicine is now on the increase
in developing countries in response to World Health Organization directives culminating
in several pre-clinical and clinical studies that have provided the scientific basis for the
efficacy of many plants used in folk medicine to treat infections In pursuit of improved
broilers health and in order to fulfill consumer expectation in relation to food quality,
poultry producers commonly apply natural feeding supplements, mainly herbs.
Apart from the inadequate supply and consumption of animal protein, there has
been a resurgence of interest in improving the physicochemical and sensory properties of
meat, as well as its storage life. In pursuit of improved chicken healthiness and in order to
fulfill consumer expectations in relation to food quality, poultry producers more and more
commonly apply natural feeding supplements, mainly herb.
A poultry carcass should produce highly nutritious value, flavor, and texture and
eating quality of meat as commodity, it has to meet the requirements of the costumer in
terms of bright and attractive color, characteristics of meat and appearance of the product
offered. Also, include the nutritive value, high satiety value, color and especially free from
chemical residue. Keeping the bled animal suspended by its hind legs throughout the
dressing operations greatly increased the efficiency of converting an animal into a carcass
and by products.
This study was conducted to find out the effect of Aloe Vera extract on the carcass
yield and quality of Broilers. The result of this study can serve as guide in using aloe vera
extract as a supplement for Broilers.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Specifically, this study aimed to determine the effect of aloe aera extract on the
carcass yield and quality of Broilers, and to determine the effect on slaughter weight,
carcass weight, and dressing percentage on the different major and minor cuts of broilers.
These production phase of this study was conducted at BSU Poultry Experimental
Station while carcass yield evaluation and organoleptic test were done at meat laboratory
on February 24, 2012.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 60–
100 cm (24–39 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-
green, with some varieties showing white flecks on the upper and lower stem surfaces. The
margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in
summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower pendulous, with a yellow
tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long. Like other Aloe species, Aloe
vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access
to mineralnutrients in soil. Aloe vera, also known as the true aloe or medicinal aloe, is a
species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe that is believed to have originated in
the Sudan. Aloe vera grows in arid climates and is widely distributed in Africa, India, Nepal
and other arid areas. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine. Many
scientific studies on the use of extracts of Aloe vera have been undertaken, some of them
conflicting. Despite these limitations, there is some preliminary evidence that Aloe
vera extracts may be useful in the treatment of wound and burn healing, minor skin
infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated blood lipids in humans. These positive
effects are thought to be due to the presence of compounds such
as polysaccharides, mannans, anthraquinones, and lectins (Wikipedia, 2012).
Broiler production alone already comprises 85% of the poultry meat requirement
of the Filipinos. Although the demand is high, the industry could hardly make up with the
requirement due to high prices of commercially and imported feeds. Thus, the poultry
industry particularly on the part of the raisers, continuously find means to lessen their cost
of production. One way is to look for alternative source of feed supplement that is not only
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
cheap and can boost the growth of chickens but most important, is organic and readily
available. These dilemmas in the broiler industry were particularly addressed using extracts
from aloe vera. Unknown to many, this plant is not only valued for its medicinal
components but it also plays an important role in promoting growth in chickens. The 42-
day experiment showed that the final weight and gain in weight of the broilers were
significantly affected by the aloe vera extract supplementation. Broilers given with the aloe
extracts as drink supplement (5-20 ml) significantly improved their growth rates compared
to those broilers given plain water, which showed the lowest final weight and gain in
weight. In terms of feed consumption, broilers given the 15 ml and 20 ml of aloe extracts
in their drinks rated the highest (ave. of 3387.78 g and 3148.89 g, respectively) while those
given the plain water rated the least (2737.22 g). This result, according to the researchers
implied that the final weight and gain in weight were strongly influenced by the feed intake
of the chicken. For the economic competency, analysis showed that chicken whose drink
was supplemented with aloe extracts showed the best return of investment (ROI) among
the treatments with 30% ROI compared to the 7.5% of the unsupplemented (Bejar and
Colapo, 2005).
Aloe is also an excellent treatment for skin conditions such as burns and eczema. It
is often reported that burns can be healed remarkably quickly and the pain reduced very
quickly with topical application of Aloe Vera to the burn area. As well as applying
topically, Aloe can also be taken internally so it is just as useful for internal epithelial tissue
as it is for the skin. For example, mouth and stomach ulcers, nasal and sinuses, bowels,
lungs and genital tracts. Aloe works on membranes and surfaces. Aloe also seems to be
excellent at regulating the immune system (an immunomodulator). This means it can both
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
stimulate the immune response for those with weakened immune systems either from
existing conditions or post-illness fatigue. It can also calm the immune response, such as
for Hay fever where less immune reaction is beneficial. Although Aloe is about 99% water,
the remaining 1% is extremely powerful and it is thought this is because the close to 100
ingredients work extremely well together (synergistically).
The ingredients in Aloe can be grouped into the following categories: Vitamins,
Minerals, Sugars, Enzymes, Lignins, Amino Acids, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Fatty
Acids, Salicylic Acid. Aloe vera is one of the only known natural vegetarian sources of
Vitamin B12, and it contains many minerals vital to the growth process and healthy
function of all the body's systems. Numerous studies worldwide indicate that it is a general
tonic for the immune system, helping it to fight illness of all kinds. Various research studies
are underway to explore the potential of the components to boost immunity and combat the
HIV virus, and to treat certain types of cancer (particularly leukemia). It may even have a
role to play in managing diabetes. Over 200 worldwide scientific research papers have been
published on the effects. The three main categories of research include anti-inflammatory,
anti-bacterial, and anti-viral actions of the plant.
The juice is said to soothe digestive tract irritations such as colitis, ulcers and
irritable bowel syndrome. Aloe vera contains protein, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins
A, B12 and E, essential fatty acids and is naturally rich in: Vitamin C which helps maintain
tone of blood vessels and promotes good circulation and is essential to the health of the
adrenal gland which supports our body in times of stress. Amino acids which are chains of
atoms constructing protein in our body. The juice is said to be one of the finest body
cleansers, cleaning morbid matter from the stomach, liver, kidneys, spleen, bladder, and is
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
considered the finest, known colon cleanser. Studies have shown that it is healing and
soothing in the relief of indigestion, stomach distress and ulcers. People claim relief from
arthritis, bladder and kidney infections; leg cramps, constipation, hemorrhoids, insomnia,
and for vaginitis, it is said to be an excellent vaginal douche. An excellent internal tonic
for energy and well-being Aloe juice may add greatly to the strength of the food fed,
digestive tract, skin, and overall good health and happiness. It is also used to ease heartburn,
ulcers, diverticular disorders, and other types of digestive upset. It is used as an anti-
inflammatory and may be taken internally as a remedy for certain digestive complaints.
European folk medicine calls for using the juice to relieve heartburn and ulcers.
Preliminary research has shown promising results.
Clinical trials in Japan indicate that certain compounds in the herb reduce the
secretion of stomach juices and the formation of lesions. Animal studies and anecdotal
reports claim that drinking the juice or taking it as a tablet or capsule can reduce swelling
and inflammation in arthritic joints. Drinking the juice may also help those asthmatic
patients who are not dependent on cortico-steroids. "We found no indication of harm done
to the rats even at high levels." In fact, the Aloe-drinking animals actually lived 25 percent
longer than those in the control group (Jeremiah Herlihy, 1997).
According to Adams (2007), in written thousands of articles on nutrition and
disease prevention --aloe vera is the most impressive herb of them all. (Garlic would be a
close second.) There is nothing on this planet that offers the amazing variety of healing
benefits granted by aloe vera. In a single plant, aloe vera offers potent natural medicine
that: (Chevallier, 1996)
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
a. Halts the growth of cancer tumors
b. Lowers high cholesterol
c. Repairs "sludge blood" and reverses "sticky blood”
d. Boosts the oxygenation of your blood
e. Eases inflammation and soothes arthritis
f. Protects the body from oxidative stress
g. Prevents kidney stones and protects the body from oxalates in coffee and tea
h. Alkalizes the body, helping to balance overly acidic dietary habits
i. Cures ulcers, IBS
j. Crohn's disease and other digestive disorders
k. Reduces high blood pressure natural
l. Nourishes the body with minerals vitamins, enzymes and glycol nutrients
m. Accelerates healing from physical burns and radiation burns
n. Replaces dozens of first aid products, makes bandages and antibacterial sprays
o. Halts colon cancer, heals the intestines and lubricates the digestive tract
p. Ends constipation, stabilizes blood sugar and reduces triglycerides in diabetics
q. Functions as nature's own "sports drink" for electrolyte balance
r. Boosts cardiovascular performance and physical endurance
s. Speeds recovery from injury or physical exertion.
The gel is useful for almost any skin condition that needs soothing and astringing,
and will help varicose veins to some degree, the aloe gel has a dramatic ability to heal
wounds, ulcer and burns, putting a protective coat on the affected area and speeding up the
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
rate of healing. The action is in part due to presence of aloectin B, which stimulates the
immune system.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The different materials used were: 16 heads of 45 day old broilers from a previous
growth study on the effect of aloe vera extract on the growth performance of broilers, gas
stove, the same size and type of steamer, knives, containers, weighing scale, digital camera,
record book, ball pen and Ziploc bags.
The birds have more or less the same weight. Four birds were taken from each of
the four treatments from the previous study. Each bird represented one replication, making
a total of 4 replicates per treatment. The treatments administered to the birds are as follows:
T0- water (control) without antibiotic
T1- water with commercial antibiotic
T2- 15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
T3- 25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
Slaughtering of the Birds
Prior to dressing, the birds were confined in cages and fasted for 8 hours, but
water was provided ad libitum. The live weight of birds was taken individually before
dressing. At the time of slaughtering or dressing, the birds were secured by holding both
shanks with one hand and both wings with the other hand and to prevent struggling. With
the help of an assistant, bleeding was done by cutting the large blood vessel of the neck at
the lateral side below the mandible. Complete bleeding was accomplished by raising the
bird approximately 45⁰ so that the caudal part will be higher than the head. After bleeding,
each bird was immersed into hot water about 4 seconds or more after which its feather are
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
easy to pluck. After plucking, the birds were washed thoroughly and made ready for
evisceration. Evisceration was done by laying the bird in dorsal recumbence. The
esophagus and wind pipe was then pulled out the base of mandible. For easy insertion of
the fingers, a slit was made around the vent then down to the keel. The two fingers were
inserted into the slit in the abdominal cavity to the abdominal attachment on the entrails.
After entrails were pulled out, the liver, heart, and gizzards with proventiculus were
separated. The head was detached from the atlanto-occipital joint, which was accomplished
by severing the skin, muscle and ligaments at the said joints with a sharp knife.
Carcass Yield Evaluation
Each dressed bird was placed on the pan of the weighing scale and weight was
recorded in kilograms. The skin, carcass and abdominal color were observed. Abdominal
fats of broiler belonging to the different treatments was compared.
Carcass Quality Evaluation
The breast part of broilers from the different treatments were steamed for 35
minutes in the same size and type of steamer (Figure 1). After steaming, the breast
(Figure 2) was sliced in the same size. A panel of tasters was evaluated and marked their
description in the evaluation sheets.
Data Gathered
The following parameters were gathered from the study:
1. Slaughter weight (kg). This was the weight of the broiler before slaughter
time (Figure 3).
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Figure 1. The steamer used by the researcher
2. Dressed weight (kg). This refers to the actual weight of slaughter bird after
plucking the feathers, and removing the head, feet and entrails.
3. Dressing percentage (%). This was obtained by dividing the carcass weight
by the slaughter weight multiplied by 100%.
4. Percentage of major cuts (%). This includes the weight of breast, wings, and legs.
5. Percentage of minor cuts (%). This includes the weight of head, feet and neck.
6. Length of GIT (inch). This refer to the lenght of gastro intestinal tract.
7. Weight of gizzard (g). This was the weight of full gizzard.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
8. Meat appearance, tenderness, juiciness flavor, aroma and acceptability. This
was obtained through organoleptic testing of a panel of testers composed of 20
individuals who was randomly invited (Figure 4).
Data Analysis
Data gathered were analyzed using the analysis of variance for Completely
Randomized
Design and treatment means were compared using Duncans Multiple Range Test
(DMRT).
Figure 2. The meat samples being steamed
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Figure 3. Slaugther weights being taken
Figure 4. The taste panel during the sensory evaluation
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Slaughter Weight, Dressed Weight
and Dressing Percentage
Table 1 presents the slaughter weights of the birds after 8 hours of fasting. The birds
given water with commercial antibiotic, 15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water and
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water were homogenous in terms of slaughter
weight and dressed weight. This was expected because the birds for slaughter were
purposely selected to have more or less similar weights.
The dressing percentage however varied. The birds given 15 ml and 25 ml aloe vera
had higher dressing percentage recovery compared to the control group. This shows that
using aloe vera extract supplement in water did affect the dressing percentage of the birds.
It was observed that the dressing of the selected samples fall below the industry standard
of 68-70% dressing recovery of broiler.
Table 1. Slaughter, dressed weights and dressing percentage of the birds
TREATMENT
SLAUGHTER
DRESSED
DRESSING
WEIGHT(kg) WEIGHT(kg) PERCENTAGE
Water (control) without antibiotic 1.83a
1.17a
63.75c
Water with commercial antibiotic
1.89a
1.24a
64.75bc
15 ml aloe vera extract
per liter of clean water
1.88a
1.27a
67.50a
25 ml aloe vera extract
per liter of clean water
1.88a
1.27a
67.25ab
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Major Cuts.
Table 2 shows the weight of major cuts expressed as percentage of slaughter
weight. The weight of back, breast, wings and legs did not vary across treatments. The
weight of back ranged from 12.50 to 13.46% which is less than industry standards.
Meanwhile, the breast yield of the broilers was observed to be from 24.40 to 27.20%. the
wings shared about 7% of the slaughter weight which did not vary considerably between
treatments. The leg portion was at 18.72 to 20.55%.
The weight of legs exhibited in Table 2 includes the weight of thigh as well. The
weight of thigh of broiler supplemented with aloe vera extract is numerically higher.
Nevertheless, statitical analysis revealed no significant differences among treatment means
which implies that the birds yielded the same amount of meat particularly in the legs
without regard to treatments.
Table 2. Percentage of back, breast, wings, legs of the birds
TREATMENT
BACK BREAST WINGS LEGS
(%) (%) (%)
(%)
Water (control) without antibiotic
13.46a 24.40a 7.60a 18.72a
Water with commercial antibiotic
12.50a
25.40a 7.61a 19.6 a
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 12.83a 27.20a 7.51 a
20.21a
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 12.63a
26.53a 7.98a 20.55a
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Minor Cuts
Statistical analysis showed in Table 3 that there were no significant differences
among all treatments which indicate that all treatment had more or less the same feet yield.
The weight of heads also did not vary across the levels of aloe vera extract in the
water of the broilers. There was likewise no significant differences found among the
weights of neck which means that the neck yields of the broilers supplemented with pure
water, pure water with commercial antibiotic and aloe vera extract were more or less alike.
Length of GIT and Weight of Gizzard
Table 4 presents the length of gastro intestinal tract and weight of gizzard statistical
analysis result shows that no significant from all the treatments. It is an indication that aloe
vera extract in the drinking water of the birds did not affect the length gastro intestinal tract
and weight of gizzard GIT from different treatments.
Table 3. Percentage of feet, neck, head of the sample birds
TREATMENT
FEET
NECK HEAD
(%)
(%) (%)
Water (control) without antibiotic
4.58a
3.28a 2.66a
Water with commercial antibiotic
4.43a
3.44a 2.45a
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 4.19a 3.83a 2.40a
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 4.39a 3.60a
2.60a
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Table 4. Length of full GIT and weights of empty gizzard of the sample
TREATMENT
FULLGIT GIZZARD
(inch)
(g)
Water (control) without antibiotic
84.25a
27.50a
Water with commercial antibiotic
85.63a
35.00a
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
80.00a
27.50a
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
87.50a
28.75a
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Sensory Traits of the Carcass
Appearance. Table 5 shows that the appearance of cooked meat samples from the
birds supplemented with commercial antibiotic were desirable in appearance while the
meat samples from the birds given with water without antibiotic and water with different
levels of aloe vera extract was moderately desirable. It can be assumed that the appearance
of cooked carcass produced by broilers is not affected by the aloe vera extract in the
drinking water.
Aroma. Table 6 shows that 15 ml aloe vera extract did not produce any effect on
the aroma of meat produced by the birds based on the result of the meat evaluation through
organoleptic test. The meat from the control group and the group given with commercial
antibiotic 15 ml aloe vera extract all got a verbal rating of like moderately. It is interesting
to note that the panel liked the cooked meat from the birds given 25 ml aloe vera in their
drinking water very much.
Flavor. The differences in flavor of the meat samples were not different among the
treatments as shown in Table 7.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
All meat samples got a verbal rating of good. These results reveal that the addition
of aloe vera at the levels of 15 ml to 25 ml to the drinking water of the birds did not affect
the flavor of the meat.
Tenderness. Table 8 focuses on the tenderness of the meat samples which ranged
from 1.50 to 2.49 for the numerical rating and moderately tender for the verbal rating.
This reveals that the tenderness of the meat samples derived from the birds was not
affected by the treatments.
Table 5. Appearance of the cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
moderately desirable
Water with commercial antibiotic
desirable
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately desirable
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately desirable
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Table 6. Aroma of the cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
like moderately
Water with commercial antibiotic
like moderately
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like moderately
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like very much
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Table 7. Flavor of cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
good
Water with commercial antibiotic
good
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
good
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
good
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Table 8. Tenderness of cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
moderately tender
Water with commercial antibiotic
moderately tender
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately tender
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately tender
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Juiciness. For juiciness of the meat samples, there were no significant differences
among the treatments as shown by the statistical analysis in Table 9.
The different treatments obtained a verbal rating of moderately juicy. This reveals
that the juiciness of the meat samples derived from the birds in the different treatments was
more or less the same. It also reveals that the inclusion of aloe vera extract did not affect
on the juiciness of the meat samples produced by birds.
Acceptability. Based on the result of organoleptic test, the panel of tasters liked
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
very much the meat samples from the birds supplemented with aloe vera extract (table10).
This implies that aloe vera can be incorporated in the drinking water of the birds without
affecting the acceptability of the resulting meat product.
Table 9. Juiciness of product of the sample
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
moderately juicy
Water with commercial antibiotic
moderately juicy
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately juicy
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately juicy
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Table 10. Acceptability of product of the sample
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
like moderately
Water with commercial antibiotic
like moderately
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like very much
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like very much
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted to determine the effect of aloe vera extract on the carcass
yield and quality of broilers. The birds used on the study were 16 heads 45-day old broilers
which were raised using 15 ml and 25 ml aloe vera extract as antibiotic replacement in the
drinking water.
Specifically, the study aimed to determine the effect of the aloe vera extract on the
carcass yield and quality of broilers through organoleptic test under La Trinidad condition,
and to determine the effect on slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage in
the major and minor cuts of broilers:
The treatments were as follows:
Water (control) without antibiotic; water with commercial antibiotic; 15 ml aloe
vera extract per liter of clean water; 25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water.
The result of statistical analysis showed no significance differences in terms of the
different meat cuts as well as organoleptic test of the different treatments. Significant
differences were noted in terms of the dressing percentage, while the carcass weight and
the slaughter weight were not significant.
Conclusion
It is therefore concluded that aloe vera supplementation did not significantly
affected the carcass yield and sensory characteristics of the broiler meat. Additionally, the
major and minor cuts as well as some internal organs and the carcass weight produced by
broilers were not affected by the aloe vera extract.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Recommendation
Based on the study, aloe vera extract may be good in terms of nutrient content. It is
therefore recommended to conduct a further study using aloe vera extract with higher
concentration to find out the efficacy or effect on the meat quality of broilers.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
LITERATURE CITED
ADAMS, M. 2007. The aloe vera miracle: A natural medicine for cancer, cholesterol,
diabetes, inflammation, IBS, and other health conditions. Retrieved January 2012
from: http://www.naturalnews.com/021858.html#ixzz1kJ2scagy
BEJAR, F. R. and COLAPO, R. P. 2005. “Growth Performance and Sensory Evaluation
of Broilers Supplemented with Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) Extract in Drinking
Water” by Feliciano R. Bejar of the Samar State College of Agriculture and
Forestry, San Jorge, Samar and Ms. Remedies P. Colapo of the University of
Eastern Philippines, Catarman, Northern Samar. Retrieved January 2012
from:
http://www.pinoybisnes.com/agri-business/aloe-vera-as-poultry-growth-
enhancer-part1/#ixzz1kIq7uG00
CHEVALLIER, A. 1996. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Dorling Kindersley
Limited, London. Pp 43, 57.
HERLIHY, J. 1997. Aloe vera Benefits IASC Conference, Texas. Retrieved January 2012
from: http://www.herbwisdom.com/herb-aloe-vera.html
WIKIPEDIA.
2012.
Aloe
Vera.
Retrieved
January
2012
from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012. The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the
Carcass Yield and Quality of Broilers. Benguet State University La, Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Madeline S. Kingan, Msc.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to find out the effect of aloe vera extract on the carcass
yield and quality of broilers. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the effect of aloe
vera extract on the carcass yield and quality of broilers, and to determine the effect on
slaughter weight, carcass weight, and dressing percentage on the different major and minor
cuts of broilers. An organoleptic evaluation was also done to assess the quality of carcasses
produced under La Trinidad, Benguet.
The result of statistical analysis showed that aloe vera extract added to water as
synthetic replacement had no effect in terms of the meat cuts as well as the organoleptic
test of the cooked meat in each treatment.
It is therefore concluded that aloe vera supplementation is safe as it did not produce
any detrimental effect on the carcass yield and sensory characteristics of broiler meat. It
may be used by broiler raisers upon their own discretion.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
INTRODUCTION
Broiler chicken is one of the most important animal protein sources for the people
as the price is relatively achievable even for the poorer people. The growth of broiler
chicken is relatively faster with a shorter life cycle compared with other meat-producing
livestock. At the age of 5 to 6 weeks, broiler can reach slaughter weight of 1.5 to 2.0 kg.
In terms of its quantity, broiler is generally raised in a large number from thousands to
hundred thousand per farm per period of two months per period or six periods per year.
Thus, broiler meat production is competitively to supply the demand for meat which
increases continuously following the increase of human population and their requirement
for high quality food. However, the use of some chemically based feed additives, such as
antibiotics and growth promoters, have been widely applied by broiler industries. These
feed additives are used by the poultry industries to improve health and productivity of
chicken flocks. These feed additives are effectively used to support such high and very fast
growth of broiler. In contrast to their positive impacts, these some feed additives may still
remain in the broiler products as residues or there are at least some perceptions among the
consumers that broiler meat may contain the residues which may give negative effects on
consumer’s health problems.
An increasing number of consumers demanding health and natural foods have
favored organic livestock farming. Organic livestock farming, which is reputed to be
environmentally friendly and sustains animals in good health, resulting in high quality
products has a defined standard with a greater attention to animal welfare and at least 80
percent of feed grown without pesticides or artificial fertilizers. The higher guarantee of
the absence of residue is certain, but the effect of organic farming on qualitative
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RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
characteristics of the products is unknown. This study sought to contribute to the
knowledge of qualitative traits of broiler carcass and meat produced organically
The practice of complementary and alternative medicine is now on the increase
in developing countries in response to World Health Organization directives culminating
in several pre-clinical and clinical studies that have provided the scientific basis for the
efficacy of many plants used in folk medicine to treat infections In pursuit of improved
broilers health and in order to fulfill consumer expectation in relation to food quality,
poultry producers commonly apply natural feeding supplements, mainly herbs.
Apart from the inadequate supply and consumption of animal protein, there has
been a resurgence of interest in improving the physicochemical and sensory properties of
meat, as well as its storage life. In pursuit of improved chicken healthiness and in order to
fulfill consumer expectations in relation to food quality, poultry producers more and more
commonly apply natural feeding supplements, mainly herb.
A poultry carcass should produce highly nutritious value, flavor, and texture and
eating quality of meat as commodity, it has to meet the requirements of the costumer in
terms of bright and attractive color, characteristics of meat and appearance of the product
offered. Also, include the nutritive value, high satiety value, color and especially free from
chemical residue. Keeping the bled animal suspended by its hind legs throughout the
dressing operations greatly increased the efficiency of converting an animal into a carcass
and by products.
This study was conducted to find out the effect of Aloe Vera extract on the carcass
yield and quality of Broilers. The result of this study can serve as guide in using aloe vera
extract as a supplement for Broilers.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Specifically, this study aimed to determine the effect of aloe aera extract on the
carcass yield and quality of Broilers, and to determine the effect on slaughter weight,
carcass weight, and dressing percentage on the different major and minor cuts of broilers.
These production phase of this study was conducted at BSU Poultry Experimental
Station while carcass yield evaluation and organoleptic test were done at meat laboratory
on February 24, 2012.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 60–
100 cm (24–39 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-
green, with some varieties showing white flecks on the upper and lower stem surfaces. The
margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in
summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower pendulous, with a yellow
tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long. Like other Aloe species, Aloe
vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access
to mineralnutrients in soil. Aloe vera, also known as the true aloe or medicinal aloe, is a
species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe that is believed to have originated in
the Sudan. Aloe vera grows in arid climates and is widely distributed in Africa, India, Nepal
and other arid areas. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine. Many
scientific studies on the use of extracts of Aloe vera have been undertaken, some of them
conflicting. Despite these limitations, there is some preliminary evidence that Aloe
vera extracts may be useful in the treatment of wound and burn healing, minor skin
infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated blood lipids in humans. These positive
effects are thought to be due to the presence of compounds such
as polysaccharides, mannans, anthraquinones, and lectins (Wikipedia, 2012).
Broiler production alone already comprises 85% of the poultry meat requirement
of the Filipinos. Although the demand is high, the industry could hardly make up with the
requirement due to high prices of commercially and imported feeds. Thus, the poultry
industry particularly on the part of the raisers, continuously find means to lessen their cost
of production. One way is to look for alternative source of feed supplement that is not only
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
cheap and can boost the growth of chickens but most important, is organic and readily
available. These dilemmas in the broiler industry were particularly addressed using extracts
from aloe vera. Unknown to many, this plant is not only valued for its medicinal
components but it also plays an important role in promoting growth in chickens. The 42-
day experiment showed that the final weight and gain in weight of the broilers were
significantly affected by the aloe vera extract supplementation. Broilers given with the aloe
extracts as drink supplement (5-20 ml) significantly improved their growth rates compared
to those broilers given plain water, which showed the lowest final weight and gain in
weight. In terms of feed consumption, broilers given the 15 ml and 20 ml of aloe extracts
in their drinks rated the highest (ave. of 3387.78 g and 3148.89 g, respectively) while those
given the plain water rated the least (2737.22 g). This result, according to the researchers
implied that the final weight and gain in weight were strongly influenced by the feed intake
of the chicken. For the economic competency, analysis showed that chicken whose drink
was supplemented with aloe extracts showed the best return of investment (ROI) among
the treatments with 30% ROI compared to the 7.5% of the unsupplemented (Bejar and
Colapo, 2005).
Aloe is also an excellent treatment for skin conditions such as burns and eczema. It
is often reported that burns can be healed remarkably quickly and the pain reduced very
quickly with topical application of Aloe Vera to the burn area. As well as applying
topically, Aloe can also be taken internally so it is just as useful for internal epithelial tissue
as it is for the skin. For example, mouth and stomach ulcers, nasal and sinuses, bowels,
lungs and genital tracts. Aloe works on membranes and surfaces. Aloe also seems to be
excellent at regulating the immune system (an immunomodulator). This means it can both
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
stimulate the immune response for those with weakened immune systems either from
existing conditions or post-illness fatigue. It can also calm the immune response, such as
for Hay fever where less immune reaction is beneficial. Although Aloe is about 99% water,
the remaining 1% is extremely powerful and it is thought this is because the close to 100
ingredients work extremely well together (synergistically).
The ingredients in Aloe can be grouped into the following categories: Vitamins,
Minerals, Sugars, Enzymes, Lignins, Amino Acids, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Fatty
Acids, Salicylic Acid. Aloe vera is one of the only known natural vegetarian sources of
Vitamin B12, and it contains many minerals vital to the growth process and healthy
function of all the body's systems. Numerous studies worldwide indicate that it is a general
tonic for the immune system, helping it to fight illness of all kinds. Various research studies
are underway to explore the potential of the components to boost immunity and combat the
HIV virus, and to treat certain types of cancer (particularly leukemia). It may even have a
role to play in managing diabetes. Over 200 worldwide scientific research papers have been
published on the effects. The three main categories of research include anti-inflammatory,
anti-bacterial, and anti-viral actions of the plant.
The juice is said to soothe digestive tract irritations such as colitis, ulcers and
irritable bowel syndrome. Aloe vera contains protein, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins
A, B12 and E, essential fatty acids and is naturally rich in: Vitamin C which helps maintain
tone of blood vessels and promotes good circulation and is essential to the health of the
adrenal gland which supports our body in times of stress. Amino acids which are chains of
atoms constructing protein in our body. The juice is said to be one of the finest body
cleansers, cleaning morbid matter from the stomach, liver, kidneys, spleen, bladder, and is
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
considered the finest, known colon cleanser. Studies have shown that it is healing and
soothing in the relief of indigestion, stomach distress and ulcers. People claim relief from
arthritis, bladder and kidney infections; leg cramps, constipation, hemorrhoids, insomnia,
and for vaginitis, it is said to be an excellent vaginal douche. An excellent internal tonic
for energy and well-being Aloe juice may add greatly to the strength of the food fed,
digestive tract, skin, and overall good health and happiness. It is also used to ease heartburn,
ulcers, diverticular disorders, and other types of digestive upset. It is used as an anti-
inflammatory and may be taken internally as a remedy for certain digestive complaints.
European folk medicine calls for using the juice to relieve heartburn and ulcers.
Preliminary research has shown promising results.
Clinical trials in Japan indicate that certain compounds in the herb reduce the
secretion of stomach juices and the formation of lesions. Animal studies and anecdotal
reports claim that drinking the juice or taking it as a tablet or capsule can reduce swelling
and inflammation in arthritic joints. Drinking the juice may also help those asthmatic
patients who are not dependent on cortico-steroids. "We found no indication of harm done
to the rats even at high levels." In fact, the Aloe-drinking animals actually lived 25 percent
longer than those in the control group (Jeremiah Herlihy, 1997).
According to Adams (2007), in written thousands of articles on nutrition and
disease prevention --aloe vera is the most impressive herb of them all. (Garlic would be a
close second.) There is nothing on this planet that offers the amazing variety of healing
benefits granted by aloe vera. In a single plant, aloe vera offers potent natural medicine
that: (Chevallier, 1996)
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
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a. Halts the growth of cancer tumors
b. Lowers high cholesterol
c. Repairs "sludge blood" and reverses "sticky blood”
d. Boosts the oxygenation of your blood
e. Eases inflammation and soothes arthritis
f. Protects the body from oxidative stress
g. Prevents kidney stones and protects the body from oxalates in coffee and tea
h. Alkalizes the body, helping to balance overly acidic dietary habits
i. Cures ulcers, IBS
j. Crohn's disease and other digestive disorders
k. Reduces high blood pressure natural
l. Nourishes the body with minerals vitamins, enzymes and glycol nutrients
m. Accelerates healing from physical burns and radiation burns
n. Replaces dozens of first aid products, makes bandages and antibacterial sprays
o. Halts colon cancer, heals the intestines and lubricates the digestive tract
p. Ends constipation, stabilizes blood sugar and reduces triglycerides in diabetics
q. Functions as nature's own "sports drink" for electrolyte balance
r. Boosts cardiovascular performance and physical endurance
s. Speeds recovery from injury or physical exertion.
The gel is useful for almost any skin condition that needs soothing and astringing,
and will help varicose veins to some degree, the aloe gel has a dramatic ability to heal
wounds, ulcer and burns, putting a protective coat on the affected area and speeding up the
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
rate of healing. The action is in part due to presence of aloectin B, which stimulates the
immune system.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The different materials used were: 16 heads of 45 day old broilers from a previous
growth study on the effect of aloe vera extract on the growth performance of broilers, gas
stove, the same size and type of steamer, knives, containers, weighing scale, digital camera,
record book, ball pen and Ziploc bags.
The birds have more or less the same weight. Four birds were taken from each of
the four treatments from the previous study. Each bird represented one replication, making
a total of 4 replicates per treatment. The treatments administered to the birds are as follows:
T0- water (control) without antibiotic
T1- water with commercial antibiotic
T2- 15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
T3- 25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
Slaughtering of the Birds
Prior to dressing, the birds were confined in cages and fasted for 8 hours, but
water was provided ad libitum. The live weight of birds was taken individually before
dressing. At the time of slaughtering or dressing, the birds were secured by holding both
shanks with one hand and both wings with the other hand and to prevent struggling. With
the help of an assistant, bleeding was done by cutting the large blood vessel of the neck at
the lateral side below the mandible. Complete bleeding was accomplished by raising the
bird approximately 45⁰ so that the caudal part will be higher than the head. After bleeding,
each bird was immersed into hot water about 4 seconds or more after which its feather are
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
easy to pluck. After plucking, the birds were washed thoroughly and made ready for
evisceration. Evisceration was done by laying the bird in dorsal recumbence. The
esophagus and wind pipe was then pulled out the base of mandible. For easy insertion of
the fingers, a slit was made around the vent then down to the keel. The two fingers were
inserted into the slit in the abdominal cavity to the abdominal attachment on the entrails.
After entrails were pulled out, the liver, heart, and gizzards with proventiculus were
separated. The head was detached from the atlanto-occipital joint, which was accomplished
by severing the skin, muscle and ligaments at the said joints with a sharp knife.
Carcass Yield Evaluation
Each dressed bird was placed on the pan of the weighing scale and weight was
recorded in kilograms. The skin, carcass and abdominal color were observed. Abdominal
fats of broiler belonging to the different treatments was compared.
Carcass Quality Evaluation
The breast part of broilers from the different treatments were steamed for 35
minutes in the same size and type of steamer (Figure 1). After steaming, the breast
(Figure 2) was sliced in the same size. A panel of tasters was evaluated and marked their
description in the evaluation sheets.
Data Gathered
The following parameters were gathered from the study:
1. Slaughter weight (kg). This was the weight of the broiler before slaughter
time (Figure 3).
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Figure 1. The steamer used by the researcher
2. Dressed weight (kg). This refers to the actual weight of slaughter bird after
plucking the feathers, and removing the head, feet and entrails.
3. Dressing percentage (%). This was obtained by dividing the carcass weight
by the slaughter weight multiplied by 100%.
4. Percentage of major cuts (%). This includes the weight of breast, wings, and legs.
5. Percentage of minor cuts (%). This includes the weight of head, feet and neck.
6. Length of GIT (inch). This refer to the lenght of gastro intestinal tract.
7. Weight of gizzard (g). This was the weight of full gizzard.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
8. Meat appearance, tenderness, juiciness flavor, aroma and acceptability. This
was obtained through organoleptic testing of a panel of testers composed of 20
individuals who was randomly invited (Figure 4).
Data Analysis
Data gathered were analyzed using the analysis of variance for Completely
Randomized
Design and treatment means were compared using Duncans Multiple Range Test
(DMRT).
Figure 2. The meat samples being steamed
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Figure 3. Slaugther weights being taken
Figure 4. The taste panel during the sensory evaluation
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Slaughter Weight, Dressed Weight
and Dressing Percentage
Table 1 presents the slaughter weights of the birds after 8 hours of fasting. The birds
given water with commercial antibiotic, 15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water and
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water were homogenous in terms of slaughter
weight and dressed weight. This was expected because the birds for slaughter were
purposely selected to have more or less similar weights.
The dressing percentage however varied. The birds given 15 ml and 25 ml aloe vera
had higher dressing percentage recovery compared to the control group. This shows that
using aloe vera extract supplement in water did affect the dressing percentage of the birds.
It was observed that the dressing of the selected samples fall below the industry standard
of 68-70% dressing recovery of broiler.
Table 1. Slaughter, dressed weights and dressing percentage of the birds
TREATMENT
SLAUGHTER
DRESSED
DRESSING
WEIGHT(kg) WEIGHT(kg) PERCENTAGE
Water (control) without antibiotic 1.83a
1.17a
63.75c
Water with commercial antibiotic
1.89a
1.24a
64.75bc
15 ml aloe vera extract
per liter of clean water
1.88a
1.27a
67.50a
25 ml aloe vera extract
per liter of clean water
1.88a
1.27a
67.25ab
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
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Major Cuts.
Table 2 shows the weight of major cuts expressed as percentage of slaughter
weight. The weight of back, breast, wings and legs did not vary across treatments. The
weight of back ranged from 12.50 to 13.46% which is less than industry standards.
Meanwhile, the breast yield of the broilers was observed to be from 24.40 to 27.20%. the
wings shared about 7% of the slaughter weight which did not vary considerably between
treatments. The leg portion was at 18.72 to 20.55%.
The weight of legs exhibited in Table 2 includes the weight of thigh as well. The
weight of thigh of broiler supplemented with aloe vera extract is numerically higher.
Nevertheless, statitical analysis revealed no significant differences among treatment means
which implies that the birds yielded the same amount of meat particularly in the legs
without regard to treatments.
Table 2. Percentage of back, breast, wings, legs of the birds
TREATMENT
BACK BREAST WINGS LEGS
(%) (%) (%)
(%)
Water (control) without antibiotic
13.46a 24.40a 7.60a 18.72a
Water with commercial antibiotic
12.50a
25.40a 7.61a 19.6 a
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 12.83a 27.20a 7.51 a
20.21a
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 12.63a
26.53a 7.98a 20.55a
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Minor Cuts
Statistical analysis showed in Table 3 that there were no significant differences
among all treatments which indicate that all treatment had more or less the same feet yield.
The weight of heads also did not vary across the levels of aloe vera extract in the
water of the broilers. There was likewise no significant differences found among the
weights of neck which means that the neck yields of the broilers supplemented with pure
water, pure water with commercial antibiotic and aloe vera extract were more or less alike.
Length of GIT and Weight of Gizzard
Table 4 presents the length of gastro intestinal tract and weight of gizzard statistical
analysis result shows that no significant from all the treatments. It is an indication that aloe
vera extract in the drinking water of the birds did not affect the length gastro intestinal tract
and weight of gizzard GIT from different treatments.
Table 3. Percentage of feet, neck, head of the sample birds
TREATMENT
FEET
NECK HEAD
(%)
(%) (%)
Water (control) without antibiotic
4.58a
3.28a 2.66a
Water with commercial antibiotic
4.43a
3.44a 2.45a
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 4.19a 3.83a 2.40a
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water 4.39a 3.60a
2.60a
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
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Table 4. Length of full GIT and weights of empty gizzard of the sample
TREATMENT
FULLGIT GIZZARD
(inch)
(g)
Water (control) without antibiotic
84.25a
27.50a
Water with commercial antibiotic
85.63a
35.00a
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
80.00a
27.50a
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
87.50a
28.75a
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Sensory Traits of the Carcass
Appearance. Table 5 shows that the appearance of cooked meat samples from the
birds supplemented with commercial antibiotic were desirable in appearance while the
meat samples from the birds given with water without antibiotic and water with different
levels of aloe vera extract was moderately desirable. It can be assumed that the appearance
of cooked carcass produced by broilers is not affected by the aloe vera extract in the
drinking water.
Aroma. Table 6 shows that 15 ml aloe vera extract did not produce any effect on
the aroma of meat produced by the birds based on the result of the meat evaluation through
organoleptic test. The meat from the control group and the group given with commercial
antibiotic 15 ml aloe vera extract all got a verbal rating of like moderately. It is interesting
to note that the panel liked the cooked meat from the birds given 25 ml aloe vera in their
drinking water very much.
Flavor. The differences in flavor of the meat samples were not different among the
treatments as shown in Table 7.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
All meat samples got a verbal rating of good. These results reveal that the addition
of aloe vera at the levels of 15 ml to 25 ml to the drinking water of the birds did not affect
the flavor of the meat.
Tenderness. Table 8 focuses on the tenderness of the meat samples which ranged
from 1.50 to 2.49 for the numerical rating and moderately tender for the verbal rating.
This reveals that the tenderness of the meat samples derived from the birds was not
affected by the treatments.
Table 5. Appearance of the cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
moderately desirable
Water with commercial antibiotic
desirable
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately desirable
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately desirable
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Table 6. Aroma of the cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
like moderately
Water with commercial antibiotic
like moderately
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like moderately
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like very much
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Table 7. Flavor of cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
good
Water with commercial antibiotic
good
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
good
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
good
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Table 8. Tenderness of cooked meat samples
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
moderately tender
Water with commercial antibiotic
moderately tender
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately tender
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately tender
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Juiciness. For juiciness of the meat samples, there were no significant differences
among the treatments as shown by the statistical analysis in Table 9.
The different treatments obtained a verbal rating of moderately juicy. This reveals
that the juiciness of the meat samples derived from the birds in the different treatments was
more or less the same. It also reveals that the inclusion of aloe vera extract did not affect
on the juiciness of the meat samples produced by birds.
Acceptability. Based on the result of organoleptic test, the panel of tasters liked
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
very much the meat samples from the birds supplemented with aloe vera extract (table10).
This implies that aloe vera can be incorporated in the drinking water of the birds without
affecting the acceptability of the resulting meat product.
Table 9. Juiciness of product of the sample
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
moderately juicy
Water with commercial antibiotic
moderately juicy
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately juicy
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
moderately juicy
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
Table 10. Acceptability of product of the sample
TREATMENT
VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
Water (control) without antibiotic
like moderately
Water with commercial antibiotic
like moderately
15 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like very much
25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water
like very much
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different
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RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted to determine the effect of aloe vera extract on the carcass
yield and quality of broilers. The birds used on the study were 16 heads 45-day old broilers
which were raised using 15 ml and 25 ml aloe vera extract as antibiotic replacement in the
drinking water.
Specifically, the study aimed to determine the effect of the aloe vera extract on the
carcass yield and quality of broilers through organoleptic test under La Trinidad condition,
and to determine the effect on slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage in
the major and minor cuts of broilers:
The treatments were as follows:
Water (control) without antibiotic; water with commercial antibiotic; 15 ml aloe
vera extract per liter of clean water; 25 ml aloe vera extract per liter of clean water.
The result of statistical analysis showed no significance differences in terms of the
different meat cuts as well as organoleptic test of the different treatments. Significant
differences were noted in terms of the dressing percentage, while the carcass weight and
the slaughter weight were not significant.
Conclusion
It is therefore concluded that aloe vera supplementation did not significantly
affected the carcass yield and sensory characteristics of the broiler meat. Additionally, the
major and minor cuts as well as some internal organs and the carcass weight produced by
broilers were not affected by the aloe vera extract.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
Recommendation
Based on the study, aloe vera extract may be good in terms of nutrient content. It is
therefore recommended to conduct a further study using aloe vera extract with higher
concentration to find out the efficacy or effect on the meat quality of broilers.
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012
LITERATURE CITED
ADAMS, M. 2007. The aloe vera miracle: A natural medicine for cancer, cholesterol,
diabetes, inflammation, IBS, and other health conditions. Retrieved January 2012
from: http://www.naturalnews.com/021858.html#ixzz1kJ2scagy
BEJAR, F. R. and COLAPO, R. P. 2005. “Growth Performance and Sensory Evaluation
of Broilers Supplemented with Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) Extract in Drinking
Water” by Feliciano R. Bejar of the Samar State College of Agriculture and
Forestry, San Jorge, Samar and Ms. Remedies P. Colapo of the University of
Eastern Philippines, Catarman, Northern Samar. Retrieved January 2012
from:
http://www.pinoybisnes.com/agri-business/aloe-vera-as-poultry-growth-
enhancer-part1/#ixzz1kIq7uG00
CHEVALLIER, A. 1996. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Dorling Kindersley
Limited, London. Pp 43, 57.
HERLIHY, J. 1997. Aloe vera Benefits IASC Conference, Texas. Retrieved January 2012
from: http://www.herbwisdom.com/herb-aloe-vera.html
WIKIPEDIA.
2012.
Aloe
Vera.
Retrieved
January
2012
from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera
The Effect of Aloe Vera Extract On the Carcass Yield And Quality of Broilers
RAMOS, CHESTER B. APRIL 2012