BIBLIOGRAPHY MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013. Production and Management Practices of
Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet.Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Jamesly T. Andres, MSc
ABSTRACT
Majority of the respondents were females, married, middle aged and had formal
education. The farms they cultivated were owned and titled land with an area of more than
hectare. Their bananas were intercropped with beans, tiger grass and rice. The banana
variety grown by the farmers is latundan (cantong) because of its adaptability in the area.
The banana production practices included the land preparation by clearing the area and dug
holes before planting banana suckers.Organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied as
basal.
Major problems encountered by the respondents were lack of irrigation, incidence
of pest and diseases. In response to their problem. Their suggested solutions were to
attendance to seminars, learn new technologies and improve their skills to produce quality
bananas to sustain banana production needed by the market.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-economic Profile of the Respondents.
Age. Table 1 shows that majority of the respondents (42%) belonged to the age
bracket of 41 to 50 years old; 27% ,from 31 to 42 years old; and only few 4%, belonged to
age bracket of 61 to 70 years old. This indicates that majority of the respondents were at
their middle ages and had experiences in producing banana production.
Sex. Majority of the respondents were females (67%) while 33% were males. This
shows that there was higher participation among females in banana production. As gender
issues is concerned.
Civil Status. All the respondents were married (100.00%).Considering that banana
production is a family farming activity.
Educational Attainment. All the respondents (100%) had undergone formal
education. As shown in the table, majority of them, 58% were able to reach elementary
level and 42%, secondary level. This implies that the respondents were literate andcan
understand the technologiesintroduced to them.
Land Tenure. As shown in Table 1, most of the respondents (91%) claimed that they
owned the land they were tilling. This implies that banana production has relevance as to
the sustainability of the farm. The long term production period is related to the tenure on
how the farmer operates the farm to sustain production.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Table 1. The socio-economic profile of the respondents
PARTICULAR
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
________________________________________________________________________
Age
21-30
4
9
31-40
12
27
41-50
19
42
51-60
8
18
61-70
2
4
TOTAL
45
100
________________________________________________________________________
Sex
Female 30
67
Male 15 33
TOTAL 45
100
________________________________________________________________________
Educational Attainment
Elementary Level
26
58
Secondary Level 19 42
TOTAL
45 100
________________________________________________________________________
Land tenure status
Titled/owned
41
91
Owned tax declaration 4
9
TOTAL
45
100
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Production Practices
Other crops planted. There are other crops planted by the respondents as shown in
Table 2. It was found out that majority of them (56%) were producing tiger grass; 33%,
beans; and 11%, include rice as intercrops for bananas.
Land preparation. All of the respondents cleared the land manually. Sixty four
(64%) percent practiced clearing thefarm and burning of weeds; 20%, digging of weeds;
and16% also practiced spot clearing the area. All of them cleared the land using bolos, and
prepared the land by digging planting holes before the suckers would planted.
Table 2. Other crops planted by the respondents
CROPS
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE
(%)
Tiger grass
25
56
Beans
15
33
Rice 5 11
TOTAL 45 100
Table 3. Respondents practices in land preparation
PARTICULAR
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE (%)
Burning of weeds
29
64
Digging of weeds
9
20
Spot Clearing 7
16
TOTAL 45 100
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Source of planting materials. Table 4 shows that 78% of the respondents claimed
that they used the suckers from mother plant as next planting materials. They also used it
as material for the next planting season. This implies that majority of them were using their
own mother plant as sourceof planting materials.
Varieties of banana produced. All respondents (100%) produced the latundan or
(cantong) variety due to its adoptability in the study area.
Fertilizers used. Table 5 shows that the respondents were using inorganic and
organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers like ash (53%) and animal manure (47%) were
applied after they dug holes. They used it as basal fertilizer applied before banana suckers
are planted. Inorganic fertilizers like triple 14-14-14(78%) and 16-20-0(22%) were applied
after the banana suckers were planted to enhance growth and maturity of fruits.
Table 4. Source of planting materials by respondents
SOURCE
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE (%)
Own banana plants
35
78
Co-farmers
18
40
Note: Multiple responses
Table 5.Kind of fertilizer used
FERTILIZERS NUMBER PERCENTAGE (%)
Organic Fertilizer
Ash
24
53
Animals manure
21
47
Inorganic
14-14-14
35
78
16-20-0
10
22
Note: Multiple responses
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Pest and diseases. The respondents encountered the infestation of aphids (67%) and
thrips 33%. They attacked bananasduring the flowering and bearing stage.Banana leaf spot
diseases were mentioned by 58% of the respondents. 42% the banana bunchy top virus
(Table 6).The most prevalent diseases were the occurrences of banana leaf spot disease and
banana bunchy top virus. Accordingly, these were being observed before the blossom will
come out.
Control measure practice. The sixty seven percent (67%) respondents mentioned
that they sprayed insecticides/fungicides to control pest and diseases. Others claimed
(33%) to use the technology on integrated pest management.
Table 6. Insect pest and diseases encountered by the respondents
PEST AND DISEASE NUMBER PERCENTAGE (%)
Insect pest
Banana aphids
30 67
Banana Flower trips
15 33
Diseases
Banana leaf spot diseases
26
57
Banana bunchy top virus
19 42
Note: Multiple responses
Table 7.Pest and diseasesControlled method measure used by the respondents
__________________________________________________________________
CONTROL MEASURE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
Spraying pesticides chemical
30
67
Used of integrated pest
Management 15 33
Spraying fungicides 30 67
Chemical pruning
15 33
Note: Multiple responses
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Problems Encountered by the respondents. Table 8 shows that majority of the respondents
(56%) encountered of the prevalence insect pests and diseases. Others mentioned problems
on irrigation (20%); few banana clusters (38%); uncontrolled pests and diseases, (33%);
and a small size of fruit clusters (29%).
Suggested Solution to problems by respondents.All of the respondents (100%) suggested
that they wanted to attend training seminars and workshops on banana production for the
development in their skills to produce quality bananas and sustain production needed by
the market. Also they wanted to adopt new technologies that can solve their problems on
banana production.
Table 8.Problems encountered in production by the respondents
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE (%)
________________________________________________________________________
Prevalence of pest and diseases 25 56
Lacks of irrigation 20 44
No profits due to the
Uncontrolled diseases and pest 15 33
Few banana clusters
17
38
Small sizes of fruits clusters
13
29
Note: Multiple responses
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted to identify the socio economic profile of
bananaproducers, their production practices, the problems encountered, and the possible
solution to the problems encountered by the banana producers in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet.
Majority of the respondents wereengaged in farmingand had formal education.The
variety of banana grown was latundan/cantong. The latundan variety was preferred because
of its high demand by consumers due to its good eating quality.
On the production practices of banana, farmers prepared the land by burning of
weeds, spotclearing, digging holes using grab hoe, appliedorganic fertilizers like animal
manure, and ash in the holes as basal application usedbefore the banana suckers planted.
Commercial fertilizers were applied after planting. Almost all the respondents were using
suckers from mother plants. The respondents applied pesticide to control pest and diseases.
Problems encountered by the banana growers were the occurrence of pests such as aphids
and thrips, leaf spot and bunchy top virus causes a threat to the banana industry in the area.
Lacks of irrigation was the other problem that affects the intercrops planted along with
bananas. Respondents suggested solutions to the problems encountered bythe respondents
such as toattend training seminars and to adopt new technologies learned. The possible
solutions as suggested by farmers mentioned the attendance to training and seminars on
banana production. That they are will to adopt the new technologies on banana production.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. The respondents were at their middle ages; had formal education; had small area
cultivated for banana production; and preferred to produce the latundan/ (cantong)
variety;
2. Respondents followed common practices in producing the varieties
latundan/cantong banana;
3 .Respondents had encountered problems like the; incidence of pest and diseases
especially on aphids, thrips, leaf spot and bunchy top virus; and
4. The suggested solutions own the respondents were to attain such as; attendance
trainings and seminars on banana production technologies.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions the following recommendations are given:
1. Farmer should learn to diagnose pests and diseases on their of banana by
requesting assistance from banana expert to find possible solution to the problems;
2. Integratedpest Management (IPM) that can be conducted through Farmers Field
School (FFS) approach that can be conduct with the assistance of the Department of
Agriculture Local Unit; and
3. Farmers should find possible technologiesto solve problems in banana
production.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
AGRIBUSINESS GROUP. Department of Agriculture. 1984. Philippine Agribusiness
Investment Profile, P 33.
ALVIAR, F. E 1976.Survey on the farm home and community in Cabugao, Laguna as basis
of formulation on a program on rural development Philippine Agriculturist, 3:107.
ANOTHAROM, S 1981.Pathogenecity and cultural requirements of the casual organisms
of banana (Musa sp.) crown rot and chemical control of the diseases in the
Philippines. Unpublished BS thesis. University of the Philippines, Los Baños,
Laguna.Pp. 104.
AWISAN, L. V. 1997. Banana production and marketing practices. The case of Barangay
Banao, Bauko, Mountain Province.Unpublished BS Thesis.Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.P.11.
BELTRAN, L. 1995. Vertical Compilation Materials in Banana Compilation. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS (BAS). 1996. Banana Production Survey.
Cordillera Administrative region (CAR).Baguio City. 11.
CHANG, C. 1974. A strategy for the agricultural and rural development in Asian countries
Bull. Publishing Company. P. 196.
HUGGINS, C., K. YOKOHAMA., K. WANITRAPHA, S. NAKAMOTO, and C. CHIA,
1990.Department of agricultural Resource Economic College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawaii.P.11.
MADAYAG, L.M. 1996. An assessment of the banana industry in Sablan, Benguet.
Unpublished BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.P.28.
MUSA, T.J. 1982. Disease of Griant Cavendish banana in general Santos City.
Unpublished BS Thesis. Aranita University Foundation, Manila.P.23.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY. 1979. Republic of the
Philippines-NEDA Development Digest.P.105.
NORA, D.M. 1980. Little finger diseases of Saba, its causes and methods of dissemination
and control.PCARR.Research Highlights.P.17.
VALMAYOR, R.V., L.M. CLEMENT and J.C. HAPITAN. 1971. The Philippines Fruits
industry. University of the Philippines College of Agriculture, Los Baños,
Laguna.P.15.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013. Production and Management Practices of
Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet.Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Jamesly T. Andres, MSc
ABSTRACT
Majority of the respondents were females, married, middle aged and had formal
education. The farms they cultivated were owned and titled land with an area of more than
hectare. Their bananas were intercropped with beans, tiger grass and rice. The banana
variety grown by the farmers is latundan (cantong) because of its adaptability in the area.
The banana production practices included the land preparation by clearing the area and dug
holes before planting banana suckers.Organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied as
basal.
Major problems encountered by the respondents were lack of irrigation, incidence
of pest and diseases. In response to their problem. Their suggested solutions were to
attendance to seminars, learn new technologies and improve their skills to produce quality
bananas to sustain banana production needed by the market.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-economic Profile of the Respondents.
Age. Table 1 shows that majority of the respondents (42%) belonged to the age
bracket of 41 to 50 years old; 27% ,from 31 to 42 years old; and only few 4%, belonged to
age bracket of 61 to 70 years old. This indicates that majority of the respondents were at
their middle ages and had experiences in producing banana production.
Sex. Majority of the respondents were females (67%) while 33% were males. This
shows that there was higher participation among females in banana production. As gender
issues is concerned.
Civil Status. All the respondents were married (100.00%).Considering that banana
production is a family farming activity.
Educational Attainment. All the respondents (100%) had undergone formal
education. As shown in the table, majority of them, 58% were able to reach elementary
level and 42%, secondary level. This implies that the respondents were literate andcan
understand the technologiesintroduced to them.
Land Tenure. As shown in Table 1, most of the respondents (91%) claimed that they
owned the land they were tilling. This implies that banana production has relevance as to
the sustainability of the farm. The long term production period is related to the tenure on
how the farmer operates the farm to sustain production.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Table 1. The socio-economic profile of the respondents
PARTICULAR
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
________________________________________________________________________
Age
21-30
4
9
31-40
12
27
41-50
19
42
51-60
8
18
61-70
2
4
TOTAL
45
100
________________________________________________________________________
Sex
Female 30
67
Male 15 33
TOTAL 45
100
________________________________________________________________________
Educational Attainment
Elementary Level
26
58
Secondary Level 19 42
TOTAL
45 100
________________________________________________________________________
Land tenure status
Titled/owned
41
91
Owned tax declaration 4
9
TOTAL
45
100
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Production Practices
Other crops planted. There are other crops planted by the respondents as shown in
Table 2. It was found out that majority of them (56%) were producing tiger grass; 33%,
beans; and 11%, include rice as intercrops for bananas.
Land preparation. All of the respondents cleared the land manually. Sixty four
(64%) percent practiced clearing thefarm and burning of weeds; 20%, digging of weeds;
and16% also practiced spot clearing the area. All of them cleared the land using bolos, and
prepared the land by digging planting holes before the suckers would planted.
Table 2. Other crops planted by the respondents
CROPS
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE
(%)
Tiger grass
25
56
Beans
15
33
Rice 5 11
TOTAL 45 100
Table 3. Respondents practices in land preparation
PARTICULAR
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE (%)
Burning of weeds
29
64
Digging of weeds
9
20
Spot Clearing 7
16
TOTAL 45 100
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Source of planting materials. Table 4 shows that 78% of the respondents claimed
that they used the suckers from mother plant as next planting materials. They also used it
as material for the next planting season. This implies that majority of them were using their
own mother plant as sourceof planting materials.
Varieties of banana produced. All respondents (100%) produced the latundan or
(cantong) variety due to its adoptability in the study area.
Fertilizers used. Table 5 shows that the respondents were using inorganic and
organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers like ash (53%) and animal manure (47%) were
applied after they dug holes. They used it as basal fertilizer applied before banana suckers
are planted. Inorganic fertilizers like triple 14-14-14(78%) and 16-20-0(22%) were applied
after the banana suckers were planted to enhance growth and maturity of fruits.
Table 4. Source of planting materials by respondents
SOURCE
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE (%)
Own banana plants
35
78
Co-farmers
18
40
Note: Multiple responses
Table 5.Kind of fertilizer used
FERTILIZERS NUMBER PERCENTAGE (%)
Organic Fertilizer
Ash
24
53
Animals manure
21
47
Inorganic
14-14-14
35
78
16-20-0
10
22
Note: Multiple responses
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Pest and diseases. The respondents encountered the infestation of aphids (67%) and
thrips 33%. They attacked bananasduring the flowering and bearing stage.Banana leaf spot
diseases were mentioned by 58% of the respondents. 42% the banana bunchy top virus
(Table 6).The most prevalent diseases were the occurrences of banana leaf spot disease and
banana bunchy top virus. Accordingly, these were being observed before the blossom will
come out.
Control measure practice. The sixty seven percent (67%) respondents mentioned
that they sprayed insecticides/fungicides to control pest and diseases. Others claimed
(33%) to use the technology on integrated pest management.
Table 6. Insect pest and diseases encountered by the respondents
PEST AND DISEASE NUMBER PERCENTAGE (%)
Insect pest
Banana aphids
30 67
Banana Flower trips
15 33
Diseases
Banana leaf spot diseases
26
57
Banana bunchy top virus
19 42
Note: Multiple responses
Table 7.Pest and diseasesControlled method measure used by the respondents
__________________________________________________________________
CONTROL MEASURE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
Spraying pesticides chemical
30
67
Used of integrated pest
Management 15 33
Spraying fungicides 30 67
Chemical pruning
15 33
Note: Multiple responses
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Problems Encountered by the respondents. Table 8 shows that majority of the respondents
(56%) encountered of the prevalence insect pests and diseases. Others mentioned problems
on irrigation (20%); few banana clusters (38%); uncontrolled pests and diseases, (33%);
and a small size of fruit clusters (29%).
Suggested Solution to problems by respondents.All of the respondents (100%) suggested
that they wanted to attend training seminars and workshops on banana production for the
development in their skills to produce quality bananas and sustain production needed by
the market. Also they wanted to adopt new technologies that can solve their problems on
banana production.
Table 8.Problems encountered in production by the respondents
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE (%)
________________________________________________________________________
Prevalence of pest and diseases 25 56
Lacks of irrigation 20 44
No profits due to the
Uncontrolled diseases and pest 15 33
Few banana clusters
17
38
Small sizes of fruits clusters
13
29
Note: Multiple responses
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted to identify the socio economic profile of
bananaproducers, their production practices, the problems encountered, and the possible
solution to the problems encountered by the banana producers in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet.
Majority of the respondents wereengaged in farmingand had formal education.The
variety of banana grown was latundan/cantong. The latundan variety was preferred because
of its high demand by consumers due to its good eating quality.
On the production practices of banana, farmers prepared the land by burning of
weeds, spotclearing, digging holes using grab hoe, appliedorganic fertilizers like animal
manure, and ash in the holes as basal application usedbefore the banana suckers planted.
Commercial fertilizers were applied after planting. Almost all the respondents were using
suckers from mother plants. The respondents applied pesticide to control pest and diseases.
Problems encountered by the banana growers were the occurrence of pests such as aphids
and thrips, leaf spot and bunchy top virus causes a threat to the banana industry in the area.
Lacks of irrigation was the other problem that affects the intercrops planted along with
bananas. Respondents suggested solutions to the problems encountered bythe respondents
such as toattend training seminars and to adopt new technologies learned. The possible
solutions as suggested by farmers mentioned the attendance to training and seminars on
banana production. That they are will to adopt the new technologies on banana production.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. The respondents were at their middle ages; had formal education; had small area
cultivated for banana production; and preferred to produce the latundan/ (cantong)
variety;
2. Respondents followed common practices in producing the varieties
latundan/cantong banana;
3 .Respondents had encountered problems like the; incidence of pest and diseases
especially on aphids, thrips, leaf spot and bunchy top virus; and
4. The suggested solutions own the respondents were to attain such as; attendance
trainings and seminars on banana production technologies.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions the following recommendations are given:
1. Farmer should learn to diagnose pests and diseases on their of banana by
requesting assistance from banana expert to find possible solution to the problems;
2. Integratedpest Management (IPM) that can be conducted through Farmers Field
School (FFS) approach that can be conduct with the assistance of the Department of
Agriculture Local Unit; and
3. Farmers should find possible technologiesto solve problems in banana
production.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
AGRIBUSINESS GROUP. Department of Agriculture. 1984. Philippine Agribusiness
Investment Profile, P 33.
ALVIAR, F. E 1976.Survey on the farm home and community in Cabugao, Laguna as basis
of formulation on a program on rural development Philippine Agriculturist, 3:107.
ANOTHAROM, S 1981.Pathogenecity and cultural requirements of the casual organisms
of banana (Musa sp.) crown rot and chemical control of the diseases in the
Philippines. Unpublished BS thesis. University of the Philippines, Los Baños,
Laguna.Pp. 104.
AWISAN, L. V. 1997. Banana production and marketing practices. The case of Barangay
Banao, Bauko, Mountain Province.Unpublished BS Thesis.Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.P.11.
BELTRAN, L. 1995. Vertical Compilation Materials in Banana Compilation. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS (BAS). 1996. Banana Production Survey.
Cordillera Administrative region (CAR).Baguio City. 11.
CHANG, C. 1974. A strategy for the agricultural and rural development in Asian countries
Bull. Publishing Company. P. 196.
HUGGINS, C., K. YOKOHAMA., K. WANITRAPHA, S. NAKAMOTO, and C. CHIA,
1990.Department of agricultural Resource Economic College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawaii.P.11.
MADAYAG, L.M. 1996. An assessment of the banana industry in Sablan, Benguet.
Unpublished BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.P.28.
MUSA, T.J. 1982. Disease of Griant Cavendish banana in general Santos City.
Unpublished BS Thesis. Aranita University Foundation, Manila.P.23.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY. 1979. Republic of the
Philippines-NEDA Development Digest.P.105.
NORA, D.M. 1980. Little finger diseases of Saba, its causes and methods of dissemination
and control.PCARR.Research Highlights.P.17.
VALMAYOR, R.V., L.M. CLEMENT and J.C. HAPITAN. 1971. The Philippines Fruits
industry. University of the Philippines College of Agriculture, Los Baños,
Laguna.P.15.
Production and Management Practices of Banana in Kamog, Sablan, Benguet |
MARCOS, CORAZON A, APRIL 2013