BIBLIOGRAPHY SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013. Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean
Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Adviser: Cunegunda D. Abellera, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to find out the socio-economic profile of the respondents,
production practices of pole snap bean farmers, and the problems they encountered in pole
snap bean production.
The data were gathered from 30 respondents from Balakbak, Kapangan,Benguet
using a survey questionnaire associated with personal interview. Majority of the
respondents were males at their middle age, married; and with formal education.
The varieties of pole snap bean planted by the respondents were Kaki,Maroon, and
Alno. All of the respondents produced their own seeds.Farmers prepared land through the
old method, and used both organic and inorganic fertilizers in their farms as basal and as
side dress fertilizers. They controlled the weeds manually and irrigated their crop with
overhead sprinkler or watering can. Respondents removed infected leaves or pods to avoid
the spread of the disease. Also, they practiced putting up trellis using rono or pao before
the vines develop.All of the respondents sold their products at La Trinidad Benguet
vegetable trading post or in Baguio City hanger market on whole sale basis.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Problems encountered by the respondents in pole snap bean production were high
cost of inputs, lack of financial support to buy for inputs used in farms, occurrence of pests
and diseases, scarcity of water during summer and low price for the product.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-economic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 shows the general information about the respondents as to their age, sex,
civil status, educational attainment, number of children, number of years in farming, area
planted, and tenure status.
Age. Result shows that 33% of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 31
to 40 years old; 30 % from 20 to 30 years old; 17%, from 41 to 50 years old; 10%, from 51
to 60 years old; 7%, from 61 to 70 years old; and only 3% of the respondents belonged to
the age bracket of 71 to 80 years old. This indicates that majority of the respondents were
at their middle age.
Sex. Among the 30 respondents, 73% were males and 27% were females. The result
shows that all the respondents both females and males were active in farming snap beans.
Civil status. As to civil status, 60% of the respondents were married and 40% were
single.
Educational attainment. The result reveals that 17% of the respondents were
elementary graduates; 47% were high school graduates; 3% reached vocational and
33.33% of the respondents were college graduates while others reach college level.
Number of children. Result shows that 47% of the respondents had 1 to 5 children;
13%, had 6 to 10 children; and 40% of the respondents do not have children because they
were single.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Number of years in farming. The data show that 40% of the respondents were
engaged in farming for 1 to 10 years; and 40% from 11 to20 years; 17% for 21 to 30years;
and 3% of the respondents, from 41 to 50 years
Area planted. Sixty percent (60%) of the respondents had a land area of 100 to 500
square meters planted with beans; 23% of the respondents had a land area of 501 to 1,000
square meters; and 17% of the respondents had 1,001 to 2,000 square meters planted with
snap beans. This indicates that the area planted with snap beans was small.
Tenure status. Result shows that most of the respondents (67%) owned the land
they tilled; 17 % of the respondents were renting; 10% of the respondents claimed that they
were part owners of the land they were tilling; and 7% of the respondents borrowed the
land for growing snap bean.
Table 1. Socio-economic profile of the respondents
PARTICULAR
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE(%)
Age
20 to 30 years old
9
30
31 to 40 years old
10
33
41 to 50 years old
5
17
51 to 60 years old
3
10
61 to 70 years old
2
7
71 to 80 years old
1
3
TOTAL
30
100
Sex
Female
8
27
Male
22
73
TOTAL
30
100
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULAR
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE(%)
Civil Status
Single
12
40
Married
18
60
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
30
100
Educational Attainment
Elementary
5
17
High school
14
47
Vocational
1
3
College
10
33
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
30
100
Number of children
1to 5
14
47
6 to 10
4
13
No child
12
40
TOTAL
30
100
Number of years in farming
1 to 10 years
12
40
11 to 20 years
12
40
21 to 30 years
5
17
31 to 40 years
-
-
41 to 50 years
1
3
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
30
100
Area planted
100 to 500 square meter
18
60
5001 to 1000 square meter
7
23
1001 to 2,000 square meter
5
17
TOTAL
30
100
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULAR
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE(%)
Tenure Status
Owner
20
67
Lease or rent
5
17
Borrowed
2
7
Part owner
3
10
TOTAL
30
100
Pole Snap Bean Production Practices of the Respondents
Source of seeds.The data show that all of the respondents produced their own seeds
and bought supplementary seeds from trusted relatives and friends. Only 20% of the
respondents bought seeds from accredited suppliers. It was noted that majority of the
respondents, do not buy seeds from accredited suppliers because of high cost and yet the
performance of the seed was observed to be the same quality from what they produce in
terms of yield.
Table 2. Source of seeds by the respondents
SOURCE
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
(N=30)
(%)
Produce own seeds
30
100
Buy from trusted relative
or friends
15
50
Buy from accredited
suppliers
6
20
*Multiple response
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 3. Varieties planted by the respondents
VARIETY
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30)
PERCENTAGE(%)
Alno
15
50
Maroon
10
33
Kaki
5
17
TOTAL
30
100
Varieties Planted
The most common varieties being planted by the farmers were Alno or black
valentine (50%); maroon (33%); and Kaki (17%). Accordingly they prefer this variety
because of its high yield and high resistant to bean rust.
Land Preparation
As to land preparation, it was noted that all of the respondents prepared the land
thoroughly for snap bean by plowing and harrowing, then make plots with double row. In
the prepared plots, mixed chicken dung,compost or triple 14 with the soil.
All of the respondents (100%) directly sow the seeds in their farm at a distance of
30 centimeter between rows, covered with well pulverized soil (Figure 2).
Irrigation
All of the respondents irrigated their crop with the used of an overhead sprinkler
(Figure 3) or with watering cans. Accordingly, during dry months every other day irrigation
is practiced to keep the moisture of the soil, and also to maintain the moisture of the soil at
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
all times. As mentioned by PCARRD (2009) that snap bean requires constant supply of
moisture throughout the growing period. Water the plants regularly to enhance flowering
and pod setting. Too much water is avoided because it can cause root rot. On the other
hand, lack of water can result to flower and pod drop.
Figure 2. Prepared land for pole snap bean mixed with well decomposed chicken
dung, After 3 days, farmers directly sow seeds and covered lightly
with well pulverized and not too wet soil, not to lead the seed to rotting
Figure 3. Pole Snap bean farm with overhead sprinkler in between the
planted plants, for irrigation. Farmers irrigate their crop every other
day to keep the moist of the soil
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Figure 4. “Kuwilo”- This is used to store water if watering cans are used for
irrigation
Fertilizer Application
With regard to fertilization, the respondents used both organic and inorganic
fertilizers (Figure 5) in their bean farming. The organic fertilizers used as claimed by all of
the respondents were: chicken dung, compost, and cow or carabao manure, and ashes. They
only used cow or carabao manure and ashes as an alternative if chicken dung and compost
were not available. Aside from this, they also applied urea and triple 14.
Respondents applied the chicken dung and triple 14 as basal; during the hilling up,
they applied triple 14 as side dress; and occasionally fertigate urea during vegetative stage.
As corroborated by Riofrio, undated that the specific application rates are best
determined using the result of a soil test. Fertilizer may either be broad cast and worked
into the soil before planting time or banded two inches to the side and three inches below
the seed at the time of planting. A later side dressing, after pods begin to form, maybe
necessary if plants appear yellowish or are not growing well.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Figure 5. Sacks of well decomposed chicken dung and triple 14 kept in the storing house
Figure 6. “Pao” or the stick that farmers used in trellising. Rono or pao would be
put up before the vines of the crop developed
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Figure 7.Planted pole snap beans at 1 and ½ months from planting, Put up rono
or pao before the vines developed (25-30days from planting)
Trellising
On the trellising, the respondents practiced putting up trellis using rono or pao,
before the vine of the beans developed. The trellis should be 8 to 10 feet long (Figure 6)
and strong enough to withstand strong winds and rain, especially during rainy season
(Figure 7).
Weeding
As to weeding practice of the respondents, all of them claimed that they eradicated
weeds through manual method which was done by uprooting with bare hands. Respondents
removed weeds regularly to avoid the occurrence of pests like cutworm and pod borer.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Pests and Diseases
All of the respondents encountered pests such as pod borer, thrips, and aphids.
Whereas the diseases the respondents identified are bean rust, block spot and blight or
anthracnose.
All of the respondents used chemicals to control pests and diseases of their crop.
As to block spot, they removed the infected leaves or pod to avoid the spread of the
disease.
Harvesting
All the respondents harvested their bean crop with bare hands. They harvested the
bean when it is not fully matured, to avoid the fully developed seeds. Accordingly, after
harvesting the bean pods, the respondents spread the pods in the packing area and let it dry
before packing to avoid the occurrence of black spot on the bean pods, which mostly
happened to Kaki variety.
As to postharvest handling, all of the respondents classified the bean pods as
marketable and non marketable, unselected pods are considered non-marketable but still
can be consumed. As corroborated by PCARRD (2009) stated that pods are classified as
marketable and non-marketable. Marketable pods are graded/sorted according to size and
quality. First grade pods are unblemished, tender, straight, long, and at the right stage of
maturity. Second grade pods are short, have minimal distortion and slightly over the
picking stage. Unselected pods are considered non-marketable but can still be consumed.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Packing and Transportation
All of the respondents packed the bean pods in a clean sack, and transport the
product through public utility vehicles.
Marketing
As to marketing, all of the respondents sold their product at La Trinidad Benguet
Vegetable trading post or Baguio City Hanger Market on whole sale basis; 17% of the
respondents sold some of their products at the municipal public market on whole sale basis
and to their neighbors on retail price.
Table 4. Vehicles to transport respondents product
TRANSPORTATION
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
(N=30)
Transport the product
through public utility
transport system
30
100
Transport the product using
own vehicle
2
7
*Multiple response
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 5. Marketing Practices of the respondents
MARKETING
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
(N=30)
The product are sold at the
provincial market
30
100
The product are sold at the
municipal market
5
17
The product are sold to
neighbors on retail price
5
17
*Multiple response
Table 6. Common problems encountered during pole snap bean production
PROBLEMS
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE (%)
High cost of seeds
30
100
Manual labor is time
consuming
30
100
*Multiple response
Common Problems Encountered During Pole Snap Bean Production
Table 6 shows the common problems of the farmers in relation to farm management
practices of snap bean production.
The common problems encountered by the 100% of the respondents were: high
cost of seeds, manual labor is time consuming, lack of financial support to buy tractor, high
cost of pesticide, hard to control some diseases because its soil borne diseases,
scarcity of water during summer, high cost of fare in transporting the product to the market,
and no fixed price for the product.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 6 continued…
PROBLEMS
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE (%)
Lack of financial
support to buy tractor
30
100
High cost of pesticides
30
100
Hard to control some
diseases because its soil
borne disease
30
100
Scarcity of water during
summer
30
100
High cost of fare in
transporting the product
30
100
No fixed price for the
product
30
100
Damages on the beans
are noted when public
utility vehicle is jam-packed
with passengers because
there is no separate transport
system for vegetables
20
67
Buyers are stingy, they give
low price for the products
18
60
Double cost for the
payment of manpower
to carry the beans from
the packing area to the road
15
50
There are isolated cases
of lost packages
10
33
Difficult to produce own
seed
6
2
Suppliers are not honest
as to the quality of the seeds
6
20
*Multiple response
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study on the production practices of pole snap bean farmers in Balakbak
Kapangan, Benguet was conducted to determine the socio-economic profile of the
respondents, their pole snap bean production practices and the problems they encountered
in pole snap bean production.
A total of 30 pole snap bean farmers from Barangay Balakbak Kapangan, Benguet
were the respondents of the study. The survey was conducted in November 2012 with the
used of survey questionnaire associated with personal interview. The data gathered were
analyzed using statistical tool such as frequency and percentage.
The respondents were at their middle age; mostly males; married; had formal
education; and owned the land they tilled.
For the production practices of pole snap bean, farmers prepared the land
manually and used both organic and inorganic fertilizers in their farms. All of the
respondents produced their own seed and bought supplementary seed from trusted friends
or relatives and accredited supplier. Majority of the respondents planted the varieties Alno
and Maroon pole snap beans, and directly sow the seeds in the prepared plots mixed with
well decomposed chicken dung after 3 days.
With regard to pests and disease management, the respondents used chemicals to
control the pests and removing of the infected leaves or pods. As to irrigation, respondents
irrigate their crops every other day using overhead sprinkler or watering cans to keep the
moisture of the soil.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
The respondents used both organic and inorganic fertilizers as basal and side
dress. Respondents also removed weeds regularly to avoid the occurrence of pests by
uprooting them with bare hands. Also, the respondents practiced putting up trellis using
rono or pao before the vine develop.
As to harvesting, all of the respondents harvested the bean when it is not fully
matured, to avoid the fully developed seed. The bean pods are classified as marketable
and non-marketable, packed in a clean sack and transport through public utility vehicles.
As to marketing, all of the respondents sold their products at La Trinidad Benguet
vegetable trading post or Baguio City Hanger market on whole sale basis.
Problems encountered by the pole nap bean farmers were high cost of farm
inputs,lack of financial support to buy for inputs, scarcity of water during summer,
occurrence of pests and diseases in which were soil borne disease. With regards to
marketing, buyers are stingy, they give low price for the product, there's no fixed price
and isolated cases of lost packages.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. The respondents were educated and could understand easily the innovations on
bean production in the study area;
2. The respondents planted different varieties of snap pole beans, followed the
steps of producing pole snap beans such as from seed selection, land preparation,
application of fertilizers, sowing of seeds, trellising, fertilization, harvesting, packing,
transportation and marketing; and
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
3. Problems encountered by the pole snap bean farmers were high cost of farm
input, lack of financial support to buy for farm inputs, scarcity of water during summer,
occurrence of pests and diseases, stingy buyers, low price for the product, no fixed price
and isolated cases of lost packages.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were made:
1. Respondents are advice to attend any seminars on the latest technologies or
innovations in farming which can improve their production of beans;
2. The Department of Agriculture and other agencies concerned should send well-
trained extension workers and technologist to update the farmers on new technologies of
production and control of pests and diseases;
3. Farmers should be organized into association or cooperatives and be registered in
order to avail of loans or assistance being extended by the government and private
agencies; and
4. A more integrated approach that provides adequate basic inputs needed by the
farmers in their production such as fertilizer subsidy and soft credit.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. nd. University of Illinois Extension Urban Programs University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
College
of
ACES
Retrieved
October
2012
fromhttp://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/beans.cfm-.
MUNICIPALITY OF KAPANGAN. 2006. Agricultural Profiling of Barangay Balakbak,
Kapangan, Benguet. Pp. 1-36.
BUREAUOF AGRICULTURE STATISTICS. 2006. Snap Bean Production. Retrieved October
2012 from http://www.dti.gov.ph/uploads/Snap_bean_prod.pdf.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 1999 Cordillera Almanac
Volume 1. Retreived from http:// www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/fnf_benguet.
htm-.
KUDAN, S.L. 1999. Snap bean and garden pea production. Office of Extension, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp. 1-8.
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE-BENGUET, nd. Retrieved
October 2012 from http://www.benguet.gov.ph
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT-DEPARTMENTOF
SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY. 2006 Retrieved January 2013 from www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph2006.
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 2009 Retrieved October 2012 from
maidon.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph
RIOFRIO, Marianne nd. Growing Peas and Snap Beans in the Home Garden. Ohio State
University Extension Fact Sheet, 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43210-1086.
Retrieved on February O1, 2013 from http://Ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1617.html.
ROMAN, MYRA P. 2011.Best Practices of Bell pepper Farmers in Central, Kapangan Benguet.
Undergraduate Thesis Benguet State University. P. 56.
TIWAY, MARY B. 1997. Farm Management Practices of Vegetable Producers in Bauko,
Mountain Province. Undergraduate Thesis Benguet State University.P.26.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013. Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean
Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Adviser: Cunegunda D. Abellera, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to find out the socio-economic profile of the respondents,
production practices of pole snap bean farmers, and the problems they encountered in pole
snap bean production.
The data were gathered from 30 respondents from Balakbak, Kapangan,Benguet
using a survey questionnaire associated with personal interview. Majority of the
respondents were males at their middle age, married; and with formal education.
The varieties of pole snap bean planted by the respondents were Kaki,Maroon, and
Alno. All of the respondents produced their own seeds.Farmers prepared land through the
old method, and used both organic and inorganic fertilizers in their farms as basal and as
side dress fertilizers. They controlled the weeds manually and irrigated their crop with
overhead sprinkler or watering can. Respondents removed infected leaves or pods to avoid
the spread of the disease. Also, they practiced putting up trellis using rono or pao before
the vines develop.All of the respondents sold their products at La Trinidad Benguet
vegetable trading post or in Baguio City hanger market on whole sale basis.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Problems encountered by the respondents in pole snap bean production were high
cost of inputs, lack of financial support to buy for inputs used in farms, occurrence of pests
and diseases, scarcity of water during summer and low price for the product.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-economic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 shows the general information about the respondents as to their age, sex,
civil status, educational attainment, number of children, number of years in farming, area
planted, and tenure status.
Age. Result shows that 33% of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 31
to 40 years old; 30 % from 20 to 30 years old; 17%, from 41 to 50 years old; 10%, from 51
to 60 years old; 7%, from 61 to 70 years old; and only 3% of the respondents belonged to
the age bracket of 71 to 80 years old. This indicates that majority of the respondents were
at their middle age.
Sex. Among the 30 respondents, 73% were males and 27% were females. The result
shows that all the respondents both females and males were active in farming snap beans.
Civil status. As to civil status, 60% of the respondents were married and 40% were
single.
Educational attainment. The result reveals that 17% of the respondents were
elementary graduates; 47% were high school graduates; 3% reached vocational and
33.33% of the respondents were college graduates while others reach college level.
Number of children. Result shows that 47% of the respondents had 1 to 5 children;
13%, had 6 to 10 children; and 40% of the respondents do not have children because they
were single.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Number of years in farming. The data show that 40% of the respondents were
engaged in farming for 1 to 10 years; and 40% from 11 to20 years; 17% for 21 to 30years;
and 3% of the respondents, from 41 to 50 years
Area planted. Sixty percent (60%) of the respondents had a land area of 100 to 500
square meters planted with beans; 23% of the respondents had a land area of 501 to 1,000
square meters; and 17% of the respondents had 1,001 to 2,000 square meters planted with
snap beans. This indicates that the area planted with snap beans was small.
Tenure status. Result shows that most of the respondents (67%) owned the land
they tilled; 17 % of the respondents were renting; 10% of the respondents claimed that they
were part owners of the land they were tilling; and 7% of the respondents borrowed the
land for growing snap bean.
Table 1. Socio-economic profile of the respondents
PARTICULAR
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE(%)
Age
20 to 30 years old
9
30
31 to 40 years old
10
33
41 to 50 years old
5
17
51 to 60 years old
3
10
61 to 70 years old
2
7
71 to 80 years old
1
3
TOTAL
30
100
Sex
Female
8
27
Male
22
73
TOTAL
30
100
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULAR
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE(%)
Civil Status
Single
12
40
Married
18
60
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
30
100
Educational Attainment
Elementary
5
17
High school
14
47
Vocational
1
3
College
10
33
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
30
100
Number of children
1to 5
14
47
6 to 10
4
13
No child
12
40
TOTAL
30
100
Number of years in farming
1 to 10 years
12
40
11 to 20 years
12
40
21 to 30 years
5
17
31 to 40 years
-
-
41 to 50 years
1
3
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
30
100
Area planted
100 to 500 square meter
18
60
5001 to 1000 square meter
7
23
1001 to 2,000 square meter
5
17
TOTAL
30
100
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULAR
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE(%)
Tenure Status
Owner
20
67
Lease or rent
5
17
Borrowed
2
7
Part owner
3
10
TOTAL
30
100
Pole Snap Bean Production Practices of the Respondents
Source of seeds.The data show that all of the respondents produced their own seeds
and bought supplementary seeds from trusted relatives and friends. Only 20% of the
respondents bought seeds from accredited suppliers. It was noted that majority of the
respondents, do not buy seeds from accredited suppliers because of high cost and yet the
performance of the seed was observed to be the same quality from what they produce in
terms of yield.
Table 2. Source of seeds by the respondents
SOURCE
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
(N=30)
(%)
Produce own seeds
30
100
Buy from trusted relative
or friends
15
50
Buy from accredited
suppliers
6
20
*Multiple response
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 3. Varieties planted by the respondents
VARIETY
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30)
PERCENTAGE(%)
Alno
15
50
Maroon
10
33
Kaki
5
17
TOTAL
30
100
Varieties Planted
The most common varieties being planted by the farmers were Alno or black
valentine (50%); maroon (33%); and Kaki (17%). Accordingly they prefer this variety
because of its high yield and high resistant to bean rust.
Land Preparation
As to land preparation, it was noted that all of the respondents prepared the land
thoroughly for snap bean by plowing and harrowing, then make plots with double row. In
the prepared plots, mixed chicken dung,compost or triple 14 with the soil.
All of the respondents (100%) directly sow the seeds in their farm at a distance of
30 centimeter between rows, covered with well pulverized soil (Figure 2).
Irrigation
All of the respondents irrigated their crop with the used of an overhead sprinkler
(Figure 3) or with watering cans. Accordingly, during dry months every other day irrigation
is practiced to keep the moisture of the soil, and also to maintain the moisture of the soil at
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
all times. As mentioned by PCARRD (2009) that snap bean requires constant supply of
moisture throughout the growing period. Water the plants regularly to enhance flowering
and pod setting. Too much water is avoided because it can cause root rot. On the other
hand, lack of water can result to flower and pod drop.
Figure 2. Prepared land for pole snap bean mixed with well decomposed chicken
dung, After 3 days, farmers directly sow seeds and covered lightly
with well pulverized and not too wet soil, not to lead the seed to rotting
Figure 3. Pole Snap bean farm with overhead sprinkler in between the
planted plants, for irrigation. Farmers irrigate their crop every other
day to keep the moist of the soil
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Figure 4. “Kuwilo”- This is used to store water if watering cans are used for
irrigation
Fertilizer Application
With regard to fertilization, the respondents used both organic and inorganic
fertilizers (Figure 5) in their bean farming. The organic fertilizers used as claimed by all of
the respondents were: chicken dung, compost, and cow or carabao manure, and ashes. They
only used cow or carabao manure and ashes as an alternative if chicken dung and compost
were not available. Aside from this, they also applied urea and triple 14.
Respondents applied the chicken dung and triple 14 as basal; during the hilling up,
they applied triple 14 as side dress; and occasionally fertigate urea during vegetative stage.
As corroborated by Riofrio, undated that the specific application rates are best
determined using the result of a soil test. Fertilizer may either be broad cast and worked
into the soil before planting time or banded two inches to the side and three inches below
the seed at the time of planting. A later side dressing, after pods begin to form, maybe
necessary if plants appear yellowish or are not growing well.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Figure 5. Sacks of well decomposed chicken dung and triple 14 kept in the storing house
Figure 6. “Pao” or the stick that farmers used in trellising. Rono or pao would be
put up before the vines of the crop developed
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Figure 7.Planted pole snap beans at 1 and ½ months from planting, Put up rono
or pao before the vines developed (25-30days from planting)
Trellising
On the trellising, the respondents practiced putting up trellis using rono or pao,
before the vine of the beans developed. The trellis should be 8 to 10 feet long (Figure 6)
and strong enough to withstand strong winds and rain, especially during rainy season
(Figure 7).
Weeding
As to weeding practice of the respondents, all of them claimed that they eradicated
weeds through manual method which was done by uprooting with bare hands. Respondents
removed weeds regularly to avoid the occurrence of pests like cutworm and pod borer.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Pests and Diseases
All of the respondents encountered pests such as pod borer, thrips, and aphids.
Whereas the diseases the respondents identified are bean rust, block spot and blight or
anthracnose.
All of the respondents used chemicals to control pests and diseases of their crop.
As to block spot, they removed the infected leaves or pod to avoid the spread of the
disease.
Harvesting
All the respondents harvested their bean crop with bare hands. They harvested the
bean when it is not fully matured, to avoid the fully developed seeds. Accordingly, after
harvesting the bean pods, the respondents spread the pods in the packing area and let it dry
before packing to avoid the occurrence of black spot on the bean pods, which mostly
happened to Kaki variety.
As to postharvest handling, all of the respondents classified the bean pods as
marketable and non marketable, unselected pods are considered non-marketable but still
can be consumed. As corroborated by PCARRD (2009) stated that pods are classified as
marketable and non-marketable. Marketable pods are graded/sorted according to size and
quality. First grade pods are unblemished, tender, straight, long, and at the right stage of
maturity. Second grade pods are short, have minimal distortion and slightly over the
picking stage. Unselected pods are considered non-marketable but can still be consumed.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Packing and Transportation
All of the respondents packed the bean pods in a clean sack, and transport the
product through public utility vehicles.
Marketing
As to marketing, all of the respondents sold their product at La Trinidad Benguet
Vegetable trading post or Baguio City Hanger Market on whole sale basis; 17% of the
respondents sold some of their products at the municipal public market on whole sale basis
and to their neighbors on retail price.
Table 4. Vehicles to transport respondents product
TRANSPORTATION
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
(N=30)
Transport the product
through public utility
transport system
30
100
Transport the product using
own vehicle
2
7
*Multiple response
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 5. Marketing Practices of the respondents
MARKETING
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
(N=30)
The product are sold at the
provincial market
30
100
The product are sold at the
municipal market
5
17
The product are sold to
neighbors on retail price
5
17
*Multiple response
Table 6. Common problems encountered during pole snap bean production
PROBLEMS
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE (%)
High cost of seeds
30
100
Manual labor is time
consuming
30
100
*Multiple response
Common Problems Encountered During Pole Snap Bean Production
Table 6 shows the common problems of the farmers in relation to farm management
practices of snap bean production.
The common problems encountered by the 100% of the respondents were: high
cost of seeds, manual labor is time consuming, lack of financial support to buy tractor, high
cost of pesticide, hard to control some diseases because its soil borne diseases,
scarcity of water during summer, high cost of fare in transporting the product to the market,
and no fixed price for the product.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
Table 6 continued…
PROBLEMS
NO. OF RESPONDENTS (N=30) PERCENTAGE (%)
Lack of financial
support to buy tractor
30
100
High cost of pesticides
30
100
Hard to control some
diseases because its soil
borne disease
30
100
Scarcity of water during
summer
30
100
High cost of fare in
transporting the product
30
100
No fixed price for the
product
30
100
Damages on the beans
are noted when public
utility vehicle is jam-packed
with passengers because
there is no separate transport
system for vegetables
20
67
Buyers are stingy, they give
low price for the products
18
60
Double cost for the
payment of manpower
to carry the beans from
the packing area to the road
15
50
There are isolated cases
of lost packages
10
33
Difficult to produce own
seed
6
2
Suppliers are not honest
as to the quality of the seeds
6
20
*Multiple response
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study on the production practices of pole snap bean farmers in Balakbak
Kapangan, Benguet was conducted to determine the socio-economic profile of the
respondents, their pole snap bean production practices and the problems they encountered
in pole snap bean production.
A total of 30 pole snap bean farmers from Barangay Balakbak Kapangan, Benguet
were the respondents of the study. The survey was conducted in November 2012 with the
used of survey questionnaire associated with personal interview. The data gathered were
analyzed using statistical tool such as frequency and percentage.
The respondents were at their middle age; mostly males; married; had formal
education; and owned the land they tilled.
For the production practices of pole snap bean, farmers prepared the land
manually and used both organic and inorganic fertilizers in their farms. All of the
respondents produced their own seed and bought supplementary seed from trusted friends
or relatives and accredited supplier. Majority of the respondents planted the varieties Alno
and Maroon pole snap beans, and directly sow the seeds in the prepared plots mixed with
well decomposed chicken dung after 3 days.
With regard to pests and disease management, the respondents used chemicals to
control the pests and removing of the infected leaves or pods. As to irrigation, respondents
irrigate their crops every other day using overhead sprinkler or watering cans to keep the
moisture of the soil.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
The respondents used both organic and inorganic fertilizers as basal and side
dress. Respondents also removed weeds regularly to avoid the occurrence of pests by
uprooting them with bare hands. Also, the respondents practiced putting up trellis using
rono or pao before the vine develop.
As to harvesting, all of the respondents harvested the bean when it is not fully
matured, to avoid the fully developed seed. The bean pods are classified as marketable
and non-marketable, packed in a clean sack and transport through public utility vehicles.
As to marketing, all of the respondents sold their products at La Trinidad Benguet
vegetable trading post or Baguio City Hanger market on whole sale basis.
Problems encountered by the pole nap bean farmers were high cost of farm
inputs,lack of financial support to buy for inputs, scarcity of water during summer,
occurrence of pests and diseases in which were soil borne disease. With regards to
marketing, buyers are stingy, they give low price for the product, there's no fixed price
and isolated cases of lost packages.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:
1. The respondents were educated and could understand easily the innovations on
bean production in the study area;
2. The respondents planted different varieties of snap pole beans, followed the
steps of producing pole snap beans such as from seed selection, land preparation,
application of fertilizers, sowing of seeds, trellising, fertilization, harvesting, packing,
transportation and marketing; and
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
3. Problems encountered by the pole snap bean farmers were high cost of farm
input, lack of financial support to buy for farm inputs, scarcity of water during summer,
occurrence of pests and diseases, stingy buyers, low price for the product, no fixed price
and isolated cases of lost packages.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were made:
1. Respondents are advice to attend any seminars on the latest technologies or
innovations in farming which can improve their production of beans;
2. The Department of Agriculture and other agencies concerned should send well-
trained extension workers and technologist to update the farmers on new technologies of
production and control of pests and diseases;
3. Farmers should be organized into association or cooperatives and be registered in
order to avail of loans or assistance being extended by the government and private
agencies; and
4. A more integrated approach that provides adequate basic inputs needed by the
farmers in their production such as fertilizer subsidy and soft credit.
Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013
LITERATURE CITED
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Urbana-Champaign
College
of
ACES
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October
2012
fromhttp://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/beans.cfm-.
MUNICIPALITY OF KAPANGAN. 2006. Agricultural Profiling of Barangay Balakbak,
Kapangan, Benguet. Pp. 1-36.
BUREAUOF AGRICULTURE STATISTICS. 2006. Snap Bean Production. Retrieved October
2012 from http://www.dti.gov.ph/uploads/Snap_bean_prod.pdf.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 1999 Cordillera Almanac
Volume 1. Retreived from http:// www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/fnf_benguet.
htm-.
KUDAN, S.L. 1999. Snap bean and garden pea production. Office of Extension, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp. 1-8.
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE-BENGUET, nd. Retrieved
October 2012 from http://www.benguet.gov.ph
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
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AND
DEVELOPMENT-DEPARTMENTOF
SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY. 2006 Retrieved January 2013 from www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph2006.
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 2009 Retrieved October 2012 from
maidon.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph
RIOFRIO, Marianne nd. Growing Peas and Snap Beans in the Home Garden. Ohio State
University Extension Fact Sheet, 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43210-1086.
Retrieved on February O1, 2013 from http://Ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1617.html.
ROMAN, MYRA P. 2011.Best Practices of Bell pepper Farmers in Central, Kapangan Benguet.
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Production Practices of Pole Snap Bean Farmers in Barangay Balakbak Kapangan Benguet
SALIW-AN, PRECIOUS B. APRIL, 2013