BIBLIOGRAPHY APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012. Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan
Proper, Baguio City. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Hilario C. Perez, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify the crops cultivated by the home gardeners in
their backyards; determine its benefits, so with the produced crops, the cultural
management practices and the problems encountered by the respondents in home
gardening.A survey questionnaire was used to gather the data and there were thirty (30)
respondents of the study.
Majority of the respondents fell from the age bracket of 56-65 years old, married,
females and all had gone to formal education. Most of them were involved in home
gardening for at least 31-40 years and had 50-150 square meter land area for home
gardening.With regard to the crops planted, all the respondents planted various kinds of
crops such as leafy vegetables, fruit bearing vegetables, legumes, root crops, fruit trees,
ornamentals, medicinal plants and other crops.
Moreover, all the respondents were benefited through home gardening in different
areas: for family consumption, recreational activity, protection against natural calamities,
shades against extreme heat, for medicinal purposes, prevention from soil erosion, aesthetic
for backyard, additional income and preserving watershed.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Further, all of the respondents claimed that the crops produced from home
gardening were used for food while majority were for medicine and the remaining were
used as give-away for their neighbors, for business, animal feeds and as school projects.
When it comes to cultural practices, all the respondents practiced multiple cropping
systems. Majority practiced multi-storey cropping while the rest practiced crop rotation,
intercropping and relay cropping. As to the soil management, majority practiced minimum
tillage while the rest applied organic and inorganic fertilizer, cover crop and fallowing. In
terms of source of irrigation, the sources were rain, faucet, creeks or springs and deep well.
Regarding pests and diseases management, majority practiced cultural control while the
rest practiced chemical and biological control.
Most problems encountered by the respondents were natural calamities,
occurrences of pests and diseases, lack of water, neighbors that steals crops, animals that
destroys garden and low yield.
The study recommends that there must be a continuing guidance and support from
the Local Government Units (LGUs) to the promotion of home gardening, thus enhancing
the awareness of the people on the importance of home gardening in relation to problems
of increasing food prices, decreasing landholdings, environmental degradation, poverty
and malnutrition; continuous education through seminars on Food Always In The Home
(FAITH) may considered. FAITH focuses on home food security making food always
available, accessible and affordable for the family. Thus, decreasing problems on food
shortage and encourages dietary diversity; home gardeners may encourage their neighbors
to do home gardening to yield more crops for marketing purposes.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
General Information of the Respondents
Table 1 shows the general information about the respondents as to age, civil status,
sex, educational attainment and number of family members. It includes also the
information on the area of land that the respondents cultivated and the number of years of
the respondents in home gardening.
Age. Result shows that 23% of the respondents belong to age bracket of 56 to 65;
20% belong to 46 to 55 and 15 to 25; 34% belong to 26 to 45 and the remaining 3% belong
to 66 to 75 years old. The age distribution shows that most of the respondents were at their
old age.
Civil Status. Majority of the respondents (60%) were married and the rest 40% were
single. It implies that married couples were of great concerned in garden activities than
singles.
Sex. With regard to sex, 67% were females while the remaining 33% were males. This
finding shows that females were more involved in home gardening activities since majority
of them were housewives who took good care of their homes.
Educational Attainment. All of the respondents had gone formal schooling. Out of 30
respondents, 13 reached high school; 12 reached college level and the remaining five
finished elementary level. Result shows that all of the respondents were able to read and
write.
Number of Family Members. Result shows that 50% of the respondents had 4 to 6 number
of family members; 30% was at the bracket number of 7 to 9; 13% was at the bracket
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
number of 1 to 3 and the remaining 7% was at the bracket number of 10 to 12 family
members.
Number of Years in Home Gardening. Majority of the respondents (47%) belong to the
year bracket of 31 to 40; 23% belong to 21 to 30: 20% belong to 11 to 20 and the remaining
10% belong to 1 to 10 years in home gardening. This implies that most of the respondents
devoted themselves to home gardening for how many years since most of them were at
their old age.
Area of Land Cultivated. In terms of land cultivated, majority of the respondents (50%)
cultivated 50 to 150 square meters; 17% cultivated 151 to 250 square meters; 13%
cultivated 251 to 350 square meters; 7% cultivated 351 to 450 square meters and 451 to
square meters; and the remaining 6% cultivated 551 to 750 square meters. This result shows
that most of the respondents did not own a wide area of land for home gardening since the
place was located in an urban area where there were no enough space to put up farms.
This corroborates what Ebenezer (1993) stated, wherein urban landscapes are often viewed
as barren and cold scenes of concrete, asphalt and glass. They are portrayed as the opposite
of the rural pastoral setting, rich in vegetation and greenery.
Table 1. General Information of the Respondents
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Age
15-25
6
20
2
26-35
5
17
3
36-45
5
17
3
46-55
6
20
2
56-65
7
23
1
66-75
1
3
4
TOTAL
30
100
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Civil Status
Married
18
60
1
Single
12
40
2
TOTAL
30
100
Sex
Female
10
33
2
Male
20
67
1
TOTAL
30
100
Educational Attainment
Elementary
5
17
3
High school
13
43
2
College
12
40
1
TOTAL
30
100
Area of Land Cultivated (sq.m)
50-150
15
50
1
151-250
5
17
2
251-350
4
13
3
351-450
2
7
4
451-550
2
7
4
551-650
1
3
5
651-750
1
3
5
TOTAL
30
100
Number of Family Members
1-3
4
13
3
4-6
15
50
1
7-9
9
30
2
10-12
30
7
4
TOTAL
30
100
Number of years in Home Gardening
1-10
3
10
4
11-20
6
20
3
21-30
7
23
2
31-40
14
47
1
TOTAL
30
100
Crops Grown by the Respondents
Table 2 shows the different crops grown by the respondents in barangay Loakan,
Proper, Baguio City.
Leafy Vegetables. Majority of the respondents (40%) planted pechay followed by
alugbati, malunggay together with celery and water crest.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Vegetable Fruits. All of the respondents (100%) planted chayote followed by sili,
tomato, squash, eggplant together with ampalaya, pepper, sukini, and cucumber.
Legumes. Majority of the respondents (37%) planted patani followed by beans,
pigeon pea and garden pea.
Root Crops. Majority of the respondents (80%) planted sweet potato followed by
taro; cassava together with yacoon; potato and turnip.
Spice Crops. Majority of the respondents (47%) planted ginger followed by onions
and garlic.
Fruit Trees. Majority of the respondents (77%) planted guava followed by avocado
together with papaya; Kalamansi together with coffee and banana; jack fruit; lemon
together with mango; mulberry; pomelo; santol together with star apple and cheeza; orange
and Spanish guava together with guyavano, persimmon and lukwat.
Ornamentals. Majority of the respondents (67%) planted gummamela followed by
anthurium; fortune plant together with orchids; golden bush; money tree; rose together with
cactus; poinsettia; bromeliad together with bamboo; bougainvillea, marigold together with
mop head and curtain plant together with dama de notche.
Medicinal Plants. Majority of the respondents (33%) planted oregano followed by
kutsay; lemon grass; mint; mountain tea together with gawed and alovera.
Other crops that the respondents planted were pineapple followed by passion fruit;
sugarcane together with corn; pandan and tiger grass. The result implies that all of the
respondents planted various crops.
This corroborates what Pinton (1985) stated that the high diversity of plant cultivars
in home garden is a rich genetic resource.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Table 2. Crops grown by the respondents
CROPS GROWN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Leafy Vegetables
Pechay
12
40
1
Alugbati
6
20
2
Malungay
2
7
3
Celery
2
7
3
Water Crest
1
3
4
Fruit Bearing Vagetable
Chayote
30
100
1
Sili
18
60
2
Tomato
15
50
3
Squash
12
40
4
Ampalaya
6
20
5
Eggplant
6
20
5
Pepper
4
13
6
Sukini
3
10
7
Cucumber
1
3
8
Legumes
Patani
11
37
1
Beans
7
23
2
Pigeon pea
2
7
3
Garden pea
1
3
4
Spice crops
Ginger
14
47
1
Onions
13
43
2
Garlic
1
3
3
Table 2 continued…
CROPS GROWN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Root crops
Sweet potato
24
80
1
Gabi
22
73
2
Yacoon
11
37
3
Cassava
11
37
3
Potato
5
17
4
Turnip
1
3
5
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Fruit trees
Guava
23
77
1
Papaya
17
57
2
Avocado
17
57
2
Kalamansi
16
53
3
Coffee
16
53
3
Banana
16
53
3
Jack fruit
15
50
4
Lemon
12
40
5
Mango
12
40
5
Mulberry
10
33
6
Pomelo
8
27
7
Cheeza
5
17
8
Santol
5
17
8
Star apple
5
17
8
Orange
4
13
9
Spanish guava
2
7
10
Guyavano
2
7
10
Persimmon
2
7
10
Lukwat
2
7
10
Medicinal Plant
Oregano
10
33
1
Kutsay
7
23
2
Lemon grass
6
20
3
Mint
3
10
4
Mountaint tea
2
7
5
Gawed
2
7
5
Alovera
1
3
6
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Table 2 continued…
CROPS GROWN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(N=30)
(%)
Ornamentals
Gummamela
20
67
1
Anthorium
19 63
2
Fortune plant
18
60
3
Orchids
18 60
3
Golden bush
13 43
4
Money tree
11
37
5
Cactus
10
33
6
Rose
10
33
6
Cymbidium
9
30
7
Poinsettia
7
23
8
Bromeliad
6
20
9
Bamboo
6
20
9
Bougainvillea
5
17
10
Marigold
4
13
11
Chrysanthemum
4
23
11
Mop head
4
13
11
Curtain
plant
2
7
12
Dama de noche
2
7
12
Other crops
Pineapple
8
27
1
Passion fruit
6
20
2
Sugarcane
3
10
3
Corn
3
10
3
Pandan
4
13
4
Tiger grass
2
7
5
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Benefits Derived from Home Gardening
Table 3 shows the benefits derived by the respondents from home gardening. All
respondents (100%) claimed that the benefits from home gardening were for family
consumption; recreational activity (93%); protection against natural calamities such as
typhoons (73%); shade against extreme heat (70%); Medicinal purposes (63%); soil
erosion prevention (57%); aesthetic benefit (53%); additional income (40%) and watershed
preservation (7%). The result shows that all respondents gained benefits through home
gardening in many different areas as to household and environment necessities.
This corroborates what Ninez (1985) stated, just like other small scale activities,
home gardening may have been restored to not only because of poverty but also for health,
recreation, aesthetic and therapeutic reasons.
Christanty (1980) supports this by saying that the satified canopy structure shelters
the house against intense heat, strong winds and other natural calamities.
Table 3. Benefits derived from home gardening
BENEFITS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Family consumption
30
100
1
Recreational activity
28
93
2
Protection
22
73
3
Provides shading
21
70
4
Medicinal purposes
19
63
5
Soil erosion prevention
17
57
6
Aesthetic benefits
16
53
7
Additional income
12
49
8
Water shed
2
7
9
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Uses of the Crops Produced
Table 4 shows the uses of the crops produced from home gardening where all of
the respondents (100%) claimed that the crops produced from home gardening were being
used for consumption; medicine (67%); give-away for neighbors (63%); business (37%);
animal feed (33%) and school project (10%).
The result implies that one of the sources of household necessities was derived from
home garden. Home gardening production constitutes what Briomes (1989) termed as ‘live
savings’ for household necessities. The income derived from home garden was high during
shortage of food, when people need additional food particularly money. Every species in
home garden is in some way useful, says Abdoellah (1982).
Table 4. Uses of the crops produced
USES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Consumption
30
100
1
Medicine
20
67
2
Give-away
19
63
3
Business
11
37
4
Feeds
10
33
5
School project
3
10
6
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Cultural Management Practices
Table 5 shows the cultural management practices of the respondents in home
gardening as to cropping system, soil management source of irrigation and pests and
diseases management.
Cropping System. All of the respondents (100%) practiced multiple cropping while
Majority (27%) practiced multi-storey cropping (27%); crop rotation (17%) intercropping
(10%) and relay cropping (3%) as cropping system.
This implies that there was a high diversity of crops being managed by the
respondents in their home garden since all of them applied a cropping system where there
was a diversity of crops. Contrary to the monocropping, genetic uniformity of crops was
being promoted.
As to the multi-storey cropping, Christanty (1980) added that the higher tress usually had
larger cover. Consequently, the lower plants were grown mostly in half or full shade. The
stratification of plant canopies proves to be beneficial in the utilization of sunlight.
Regarding crop rotation, some respondents practiced the cycling of different crops on the
same land. This corroborates what Bailey (1911) stated that a normal way to do crop
rotation is to mix green manure and other organic matter in with the soil. This
adds nitrogen and other nutrients that plants need to grow. When this is added, it can help
different crops be able to grow at the same time in the same space.
Some respondents also practiced intercropping where they grow two or more crops in
proximity and relay cropping which consisted of inter-seeding second crop into the first
crop well before it is harvested.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Soil Management. Majority of the respondents (87%) practiced minimum tillage;
57% applied cover crops; 40% applied organic fertilizer; 25% applied inorganic fertilizer
and practiced fallowing. Soil management practices were not limited to backyard lots but
also include pots, way side canals, roadsides, stone walls and even in portion of commercial
gardens and rice fields ( Ninez, 1985).
As to cover crops, respondents planted sweet potato and chayote to cover the soil,
thus shielding the soil surface from the impact of falling raindrops; holding soil particles
in place; preventing crust formation; improving the soil's capacity to absorb water; slowing
the velocity of runoff and removing subsurface water between storms
through transpiration.
Source of Irrigation. All of the respondents claimed that the source irrigation were
from rain, faucet and creeks or springs (40%) and deep well (10%). This Implies that the
respondents were used to available irrigation resource in their vicinity.
Pests and Diseases Management. Majority of the respondents (77%) were
practicing cultural control in managing pests and diseases while 20% were practicing
chemical method and the rest 3% were practicing biological mean of controlling.
As to cultural control, Hill (1979) stated that cultural controls employ practices that
make the environment less attractive to pests and less favorable for their survival, dispersal,
growth and reproduction, and that promote the pest's natural controls. The objective is to
achieve reduction in pest numbers, either below economic injury levels, or sufficiently to
allow natural or biological controls to take effect.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Table 5. Cultural management practices
CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
PRATICES
(n=30)
(%)
Cropping system
Multiple cropping
30
100
1
Multi-storey cropping
8
27
2
Crop rotation
5
17
3
Intercropping
3
10
4
Relay cropping
1
3
5
Soil management
Minimum tillage
26
87
1
Cover crop
17
57
2
Application of O.F.
12
40
3
Application of I.F
4
23
4
Fallowing
4
23
4
Source of Irrigation
Rain
30
100
1
Water
from the faucet
12
40
2
Creeks/springs
12
40
2
Deep well
3
10
3
Pests and diseases management
Cultural control
23
27
1
Chemical control
4
20
2
Biological control
1 3 3
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Problems Encountered
Table 6 shows the problems encountered by the respondents in home gardening.
All of the respondents encountered natural calamities such as typhoons, strong wind and
extreme heat in home gardening. As to the Pests and Diseases, 83% of the respondents
encountered pests such as insect pests, rodents, mites and slugs while 30% encountered
plant diseases such as mosaic virus, coffee rust and molds. Other problems encountered by
the respondents in home gardening were lack of water (37%); neighbors that steals crops
and animals that destroys the garden (17%) and low yield (13%).
Table 6. Problems encountered
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Natural calamities
30
100 1
Occurrence of pests
25
83 2
Occurrence of diseases
15
30
3
Neighbors that steals
5
17
5
Lack of water
11
37
4
Animals that destroys
5
17
5
Low yield
4
13
6
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study on the assessment of home gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City
identified the crops cultivated by the home gardeners in their backyards; determine its
benefits, so with the produced crops, the cultural management practices and the problems
encountered by the respondents in home gardening.
Results show that majority of the respondents were from the age bracket of 56-65
years old, married, females and all had gone to formal education. As to the involvement of
home gardening, most of them were at least 31-40 years and had 50-150 square meter land
area for home gardening.
With regard to the crops planted by the respondents, all of them planted various
kinds of crops such as leafy vegetables, fruit bearing vegetables, legumes, root crops, fruit
trees, ornamentals, medicinal plants and other crops.
Also, all of the respondents were benefited through home gardening in different
areas: for family consumption, recreational activity, protection against natural calamities,
shades against extreme heat, for medicinal purposes, prevention from soil erosion, aesthetic
for backyard, additional income and preserving watershed.
Further, all of the respondents claimed that the crops produced from home
gardening were used for food while majority were for medicine and the remaining were
used as give-away for their neighbors, for business, animal feeds and as school projects.
When it comes to cultural practices, all the respondents practiced multiple cropping
systems. Majority practiced multi-storey cropping while the rest practiced crop rotation,
intercropping and relay cropping. As to the soil management, majority practiced minimum
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
tillage while the rest applied organic and inorganic fertilizer, cover crop and fallowing. In
terms of source of irrigation, the sources were rain, faucet, creeks or springs and deep well.
Regarding pests and diseases management, majority practiced cultural control while the
rest practiced chemical and biological control.
Most problems encountered by the respondents were natural calamities, occurrence of pests
and diseases, lack of water, neighbors that steals crops, animals that destroys the garden
and low yield.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were made:
1.
The crops cultivated by the home gardeners in their backyards were mostly
leafy vegetables, fruit bearing vegetables, legumes, root crops, fruit trees, ornamentals and
medicinal plants.
2.
The benefits derived from home gardening was for family consumption,
recreational activity, protection against natural calamities, shade, medicinal purposes,
prevention from soil erosion, aesthetic, additional income and water shed preservation.
3.
The crops produced from home gardening were for kitchen, medicine,
giveaways, for market, feeds and school projects.
4.
The cultural management practices applied was cropping systems, soil
management, irrigation, pests and diseases management.
5.
Problems encountered in home gardening were natural calamities,
occurrence of pests and diseases, neighbors that steals crops, animals that destroys garden,
lack of water and low yield.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following were recommended:
1.
There must be a continuing guidance and support from the Local
Government Units (LGUs) to the promotion of home gardening, thus enhancing the
awareness of the people on the importance of home gardening in relation to problems of
increasing food prices, decreasing landholdings, environmental degradation, poverty and
malnutrition.
2.
Continuous education through seminars on Food Always In The Home
(FAITH) may be considered. FAITH focuses on home food security making food always
available, accessible and affordable for the family. Thus, decreasing problems on food
shortage and encourages dietary diversity.
3.
Home gardeners may encourage their neighbors to do home gardening to
yield more crops for marketing purposes.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
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Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
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University of the Philippines, Los Baños.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012. Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan
Proper, Baguio City. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Hilario C. Perez, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify the crops cultivated by the home gardeners in
their backyards; determine its benefits, so with the produced crops, the cultural
management practices and the problems encountered by the respondents in home
gardening.A survey questionnaire was used to gather the data and there were thirty (30)
respondents of the study.
Majority of the respondents fell from the age bracket of 56-65 years old, married,
females and all had gone to formal education. Most of them were involved in home
gardening for at least 31-40 years and had 50-150 square meter land area for home
gardening.With regard to the crops planted, all the respondents planted various kinds of
crops such as leafy vegetables, fruit bearing vegetables, legumes, root crops, fruit trees,
ornamentals, medicinal plants and other crops.
Moreover, all the respondents were benefited through home gardening in different
areas: for family consumption, recreational activity, protection against natural calamities,
shades against extreme heat, for medicinal purposes, prevention from soil erosion, aesthetic
for backyard, additional income and preserving watershed.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Further, all of the respondents claimed that the crops produced from home
gardening were used for food while majority were for medicine and the remaining were
used as give-away for their neighbors, for business, animal feeds and as school projects.
When it comes to cultural practices, all the respondents practiced multiple cropping
systems. Majority practiced multi-storey cropping while the rest practiced crop rotation,
intercropping and relay cropping. As to the soil management, majority practiced minimum
tillage while the rest applied organic and inorganic fertilizer, cover crop and fallowing. In
terms of source of irrigation, the sources were rain, faucet, creeks or springs and deep well.
Regarding pests and diseases management, majority practiced cultural control while the
rest practiced chemical and biological control.
Most problems encountered by the respondents were natural calamities,
occurrences of pests and diseases, lack of water, neighbors that steals crops, animals that
destroys garden and low yield.
The study recommends that there must be a continuing guidance and support from
the Local Government Units (LGUs) to the promotion of home gardening, thus enhancing
the awareness of the people on the importance of home gardening in relation to problems
of increasing food prices, decreasing landholdings, environmental degradation, poverty
and malnutrition; continuous education through seminars on Food Always In The Home
(FAITH) may considered. FAITH focuses on home food security making food always
available, accessible and affordable for the family. Thus, decreasing problems on food
shortage and encourages dietary diversity; home gardeners may encourage their neighbors
to do home gardening to yield more crops for marketing purposes.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
General Information of the Respondents
Table 1 shows the general information about the respondents as to age, civil status,
sex, educational attainment and number of family members. It includes also the
information on the area of land that the respondents cultivated and the number of years of
the respondents in home gardening.
Age. Result shows that 23% of the respondents belong to age bracket of 56 to 65;
20% belong to 46 to 55 and 15 to 25; 34% belong to 26 to 45 and the remaining 3% belong
to 66 to 75 years old. The age distribution shows that most of the respondents were at their
old age.
Civil Status. Majority of the respondents (60%) were married and the rest 40% were
single. It implies that married couples were of great concerned in garden activities than
singles.
Sex. With regard to sex, 67% were females while the remaining 33% were males. This
finding shows that females were more involved in home gardening activities since majority
of them were housewives who took good care of their homes.
Educational Attainment. All of the respondents had gone formal schooling. Out of 30
respondents, 13 reached high school; 12 reached college level and the remaining five
finished elementary level. Result shows that all of the respondents were able to read and
write.
Number of Family Members. Result shows that 50% of the respondents had 4 to 6 number
of family members; 30% was at the bracket number of 7 to 9; 13% was at the bracket
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
number of 1 to 3 and the remaining 7% was at the bracket number of 10 to 12 family
members.
Number of Years in Home Gardening. Majority of the respondents (47%) belong to the
year bracket of 31 to 40; 23% belong to 21 to 30: 20% belong to 11 to 20 and the remaining
10% belong to 1 to 10 years in home gardening. This implies that most of the respondents
devoted themselves to home gardening for how many years since most of them were at
their old age.
Area of Land Cultivated. In terms of land cultivated, majority of the respondents (50%)
cultivated 50 to 150 square meters; 17% cultivated 151 to 250 square meters; 13%
cultivated 251 to 350 square meters; 7% cultivated 351 to 450 square meters and 451 to
square meters; and the remaining 6% cultivated 551 to 750 square meters. This result shows
that most of the respondents did not own a wide area of land for home gardening since the
place was located in an urban area where there were no enough space to put up farms.
This corroborates what Ebenezer (1993) stated, wherein urban landscapes are often viewed
as barren and cold scenes of concrete, asphalt and glass. They are portrayed as the opposite
of the rural pastoral setting, rich in vegetation and greenery.
Table 1. General Information of the Respondents
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Age
15-25
6
20
2
26-35
5
17
3
36-45
5
17
3
46-55
6
20
2
56-65
7
23
1
66-75
1
3
4
TOTAL
30
100
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Civil Status
Married
18
60
1
Single
12
40
2
TOTAL
30
100
Sex
Female
10
33
2
Male
20
67
1
TOTAL
30
100
Educational Attainment
Elementary
5
17
3
High school
13
43
2
College
12
40
1
TOTAL
30
100
Area of Land Cultivated (sq.m)
50-150
15
50
1
151-250
5
17
2
251-350
4
13
3
351-450
2
7
4
451-550
2
7
4
551-650
1
3
5
651-750
1
3
5
TOTAL
30
100
Number of Family Members
1-3
4
13
3
4-6
15
50
1
7-9
9
30
2
10-12
30
7
4
TOTAL
30
100
Number of years in Home Gardening
1-10
3
10
4
11-20
6
20
3
21-30
7
23
2
31-40
14
47
1
TOTAL
30
100
Crops Grown by the Respondents
Table 2 shows the different crops grown by the respondents in barangay Loakan,
Proper, Baguio City.
Leafy Vegetables. Majority of the respondents (40%) planted pechay followed by
alugbati, malunggay together with celery and water crest.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Vegetable Fruits. All of the respondents (100%) planted chayote followed by sili,
tomato, squash, eggplant together with ampalaya, pepper, sukini, and cucumber.
Legumes. Majority of the respondents (37%) planted patani followed by beans,
pigeon pea and garden pea.
Root Crops. Majority of the respondents (80%) planted sweet potato followed by
taro; cassava together with yacoon; potato and turnip.
Spice Crops. Majority of the respondents (47%) planted ginger followed by onions
and garlic.
Fruit Trees. Majority of the respondents (77%) planted guava followed by avocado
together with papaya; Kalamansi together with coffee and banana; jack fruit; lemon
together with mango; mulberry; pomelo; santol together with star apple and cheeza; orange
and Spanish guava together with guyavano, persimmon and lukwat.
Ornamentals. Majority of the respondents (67%) planted gummamela followed by
anthurium; fortune plant together with orchids; golden bush; money tree; rose together with
cactus; poinsettia; bromeliad together with bamboo; bougainvillea, marigold together with
mop head and curtain plant together with dama de notche.
Medicinal Plants. Majority of the respondents (33%) planted oregano followed by
kutsay; lemon grass; mint; mountain tea together with gawed and alovera.
Other crops that the respondents planted were pineapple followed by passion fruit;
sugarcane together with corn; pandan and tiger grass. The result implies that all of the
respondents planted various crops.
This corroborates what Pinton (1985) stated that the high diversity of plant cultivars
in home garden is a rich genetic resource.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Table 2. Crops grown by the respondents
CROPS GROWN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Leafy Vegetables
Pechay
12
40
1
Alugbati
6
20
2
Malungay
2
7
3
Celery
2
7
3
Water Crest
1
3
4
Fruit Bearing Vagetable
Chayote
30
100
1
Sili
18
60
2
Tomato
15
50
3
Squash
12
40
4
Ampalaya
6
20
5
Eggplant
6
20
5
Pepper
4
13
6
Sukini
3
10
7
Cucumber
1
3
8
Legumes
Patani
11
37
1
Beans
7
23
2
Pigeon pea
2
7
3
Garden pea
1
3
4
Spice crops
Ginger
14
47
1
Onions
13
43
2
Garlic
1
3
3
Table 2 continued…
CROPS GROWN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Root crops
Sweet potato
24
80
1
Gabi
22
73
2
Yacoon
11
37
3
Cassava
11
37
3
Potato
5
17
4
Turnip
1
3
5
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Fruit trees
Guava
23
77
1
Papaya
17
57
2
Avocado
17
57
2
Kalamansi
16
53
3
Coffee
16
53
3
Banana
16
53
3
Jack fruit
15
50
4
Lemon
12
40
5
Mango
12
40
5
Mulberry
10
33
6
Pomelo
8
27
7
Cheeza
5
17
8
Santol
5
17
8
Star apple
5
17
8
Orange
4
13
9
Spanish guava
2
7
10
Guyavano
2
7
10
Persimmon
2
7
10
Lukwat
2
7
10
Medicinal Plant
Oregano
10
33
1
Kutsay
7
23
2
Lemon grass
6
20
3
Mint
3
10
4
Mountaint tea
2
7
5
Gawed
2
7
5
Alovera
1
3
6
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Table 2 continued…
CROPS GROWN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(N=30)
(%)
Ornamentals
Gummamela
20
67
1
Anthorium
19 63
2
Fortune plant
18
60
3
Orchids
18 60
3
Golden bush
13 43
4
Money tree
11
37
5
Cactus
10
33
6
Rose
10
33
6
Cymbidium
9
30
7
Poinsettia
7
23
8
Bromeliad
6
20
9
Bamboo
6
20
9
Bougainvillea
5
17
10
Marigold
4
13
11
Chrysanthemum
4
23
11
Mop head
4
13
11
Curtain
plant
2
7
12
Dama de noche
2
7
12
Other crops
Pineapple
8
27
1
Passion fruit
6
20
2
Sugarcane
3
10
3
Corn
3
10
3
Pandan
4
13
4
Tiger grass
2
7
5
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Benefits Derived from Home Gardening
Table 3 shows the benefits derived by the respondents from home gardening. All
respondents (100%) claimed that the benefits from home gardening were for family
consumption; recreational activity (93%); protection against natural calamities such as
typhoons (73%); shade against extreme heat (70%); Medicinal purposes (63%); soil
erosion prevention (57%); aesthetic benefit (53%); additional income (40%) and watershed
preservation (7%). The result shows that all respondents gained benefits through home
gardening in many different areas as to household and environment necessities.
This corroborates what Ninez (1985) stated, just like other small scale activities,
home gardening may have been restored to not only because of poverty but also for health,
recreation, aesthetic and therapeutic reasons.
Christanty (1980) supports this by saying that the satified canopy structure shelters
the house against intense heat, strong winds and other natural calamities.
Table 3. Benefits derived from home gardening
BENEFITS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Family consumption
30
100
1
Recreational activity
28
93
2
Protection
22
73
3
Provides shading
21
70
4
Medicinal purposes
19
63
5
Soil erosion prevention
17
57
6
Aesthetic benefits
16
53
7
Additional income
12
49
8
Water shed
2
7
9
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Uses of the Crops Produced
Table 4 shows the uses of the crops produced from home gardening where all of
the respondents (100%) claimed that the crops produced from home gardening were being
used for consumption; medicine (67%); give-away for neighbors (63%); business (37%);
animal feed (33%) and school project (10%).
The result implies that one of the sources of household necessities was derived from
home garden. Home gardening production constitutes what Briomes (1989) termed as ‘live
savings’ for household necessities. The income derived from home garden was high during
shortage of food, when people need additional food particularly money. Every species in
home garden is in some way useful, says Abdoellah (1982).
Table 4. Uses of the crops produced
USES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Consumption
30
100
1
Medicine
20
67
2
Give-away
19
63
3
Business
11
37
4
Feeds
10
33
5
School project
3
10
6
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Cultural Management Practices
Table 5 shows the cultural management practices of the respondents in home
gardening as to cropping system, soil management source of irrigation and pests and
diseases management.
Cropping System. All of the respondents (100%) practiced multiple cropping while
Majority (27%) practiced multi-storey cropping (27%); crop rotation (17%) intercropping
(10%) and relay cropping (3%) as cropping system.
This implies that there was a high diversity of crops being managed by the
respondents in their home garden since all of them applied a cropping system where there
was a diversity of crops. Contrary to the monocropping, genetic uniformity of crops was
being promoted.
As to the multi-storey cropping, Christanty (1980) added that the higher tress usually had
larger cover. Consequently, the lower plants were grown mostly in half or full shade. The
stratification of plant canopies proves to be beneficial in the utilization of sunlight.
Regarding crop rotation, some respondents practiced the cycling of different crops on the
same land. This corroborates what Bailey (1911) stated that a normal way to do crop
rotation is to mix green manure and other organic matter in with the soil. This
adds nitrogen and other nutrients that plants need to grow. When this is added, it can help
different crops be able to grow at the same time in the same space.
Some respondents also practiced intercropping where they grow two or more crops in
proximity and relay cropping which consisted of inter-seeding second crop into the first
crop well before it is harvested.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Soil Management. Majority of the respondents (87%) practiced minimum tillage;
57% applied cover crops; 40% applied organic fertilizer; 25% applied inorganic fertilizer
and practiced fallowing. Soil management practices were not limited to backyard lots but
also include pots, way side canals, roadsides, stone walls and even in portion of commercial
gardens and rice fields ( Ninez, 1985).
As to cover crops, respondents planted sweet potato and chayote to cover the soil,
thus shielding the soil surface from the impact of falling raindrops; holding soil particles
in place; preventing crust formation; improving the soil's capacity to absorb water; slowing
the velocity of runoff and removing subsurface water between storms
through transpiration.
Source of Irrigation. All of the respondents claimed that the source irrigation were
from rain, faucet and creeks or springs (40%) and deep well (10%). This Implies that the
respondents were used to available irrigation resource in their vicinity.
Pests and Diseases Management. Majority of the respondents (77%) were
practicing cultural control in managing pests and diseases while 20% were practicing
chemical method and the rest 3% were practicing biological mean of controlling.
As to cultural control, Hill (1979) stated that cultural controls employ practices that
make the environment less attractive to pests and less favorable for their survival, dispersal,
growth and reproduction, and that promote the pest's natural controls. The objective is to
achieve reduction in pest numbers, either below economic injury levels, or sufficiently to
allow natural or biological controls to take effect.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Table 5. Cultural management practices
CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
RANK
PRATICES
(n=30)
(%)
Cropping system
Multiple cropping
30
100
1
Multi-storey cropping
8
27
2
Crop rotation
5
17
3
Intercropping
3
10
4
Relay cropping
1
3
5
Soil management
Minimum tillage
26
87
1
Cover crop
17
57
2
Application of O.F.
12
40
3
Application of I.F
4
23
4
Fallowing
4
23
4
Source of Irrigation
Rain
30
100
1
Water
from the faucet
12
40
2
Creeks/springs
12
40
2
Deep well
3
10
3
Pests and diseases management
Cultural control
23
27
1
Chemical control
4
20
2
Biological control
1 3 3
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Problems Encountered
Table 6 shows the problems encountered by the respondents in home gardening.
All of the respondents encountered natural calamities such as typhoons, strong wind and
extreme heat in home gardening. As to the Pests and Diseases, 83% of the respondents
encountered pests such as insect pests, rodents, mites and slugs while 30% encountered
plant diseases such as mosaic virus, coffee rust and molds. Other problems encountered by
the respondents in home gardening were lack of water (37%); neighbors that steals crops
and animals that destroys the garden (17%) and low yield (13%).
Table 6. Problems encountered
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE RANK
(n=30)
(%)
Natural calamities
30
100 1
Occurrence of pests
25
83 2
Occurrence of diseases
15
30
3
Neighbors that steals
5
17
5
Lack of water
11
37
4
Animals that destroys
5
17
5
Low yield
4
13
6
*Multiple Responses
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study on the assessment of home gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City
identified the crops cultivated by the home gardeners in their backyards; determine its
benefits, so with the produced crops, the cultural management practices and the problems
encountered by the respondents in home gardening.
Results show that majority of the respondents were from the age bracket of 56-65
years old, married, females and all had gone to formal education. As to the involvement of
home gardening, most of them were at least 31-40 years and had 50-150 square meter land
area for home gardening.
With regard to the crops planted by the respondents, all of them planted various
kinds of crops such as leafy vegetables, fruit bearing vegetables, legumes, root crops, fruit
trees, ornamentals, medicinal plants and other crops.
Also, all of the respondents were benefited through home gardening in different
areas: for family consumption, recreational activity, protection against natural calamities,
shades against extreme heat, for medicinal purposes, prevention from soil erosion, aesthetic
for backyard, additional income and preserving watershed.
Further, all of the respondents claimed that the crops produced from home
gardening were used for food while majority were for medicine and the remaining were
used as give-away for their neighbors, for business, animal feeds and as school projects.
When it comes to cultural practices, all the respondents practiced multiple cropping
systems. Majority practiced multi-storey cropping while the rest practiced crop rotation,
intercropping and relay cropping. As to the soil management, majority practiced minimum
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
tillage while the rest applied organic and inorganic fertilizer, cover crop and fallowing. In
terms of source of irrigation, the sources were rain, faucet, creeks or springs and deep well.
Regarding pests and diseases management, majority practiced cultural control while the
rest practiced chemical and biological control.
Most problems encountered by the respondents were natural calamities, occurrence of pests
and diseases, lack of water, neighbors that steals crops, animals that destroys the garden
and low yield.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were made:
1.
The crops cultivated by the home gardeners in their backyards were mostly
leafy vegetables, fruit bearing vegetables, legumes, root crops, fruit trees, ornamentals and
medicinal plants.
2.
The benefits derived from home gardening was for family consumption,
recreational activity, protection against natural calamities, shade, medicinal purposes,
prevention from soil erosion, aesthetic, additional income and water shed preservation.
3.
The crops produced from home gardening were for kitchen, medicine,
giveaways, for market, feeds and school projects.
4.
The cultural management practices applied was cropping systems, soil
management, irrigation, pests and diseases management.
5.
Problems encountered in home gardening were natural calamities,
occurrence of pests and diseases, neighbors that steals crops, animals that destroys garden,
lack of water and low yield.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following were recommended:
1.
There must be a continuing guidance and support from the Local
Government Units (LGUs) to the promotion of home gardening, thus enhancing the
awareness of the people on the importance of home gardening in relation to problems of
increasing food prices, decreasing landholdings, environmental degradation, poverty and
malnutrition.
2.
Continuous education through seminars on Food Always In The Home
(FAITH) may be considered. FAITH focuses on home food security making food always
available, accessible and affordable for the family. Thus, decreasing problems on food
shortage and encourages dietary diversity.
3.
Home gardeners may encourage their neighbors to do home gardening to
yield more crops for marketing purposes.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
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APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012
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introduction to human ecology research on agricultural system in Southeast Asia.
University of the Philippines, Los Baños.
Assesment of Home Gardening in Loakan Proper, Baguio City |
APILADO, RONNEL F. APRIL 2012