BIBLIOGRAPHY CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013. Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the
Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota). Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in Abiang, Atok, Benguet from November 2012 to
February 2013 to determine the effect of different fertilizer rates on the growth and yield
of carrot; to determine the best kind of fertilizer suited for carrot production and; to
determine the economics of using different rates of fertilizer application on carrot
production.
Results showed that Cv. Teracota carrots applied with 16-16-16 (Vikingship
fertilizer) significantly produced bigger and heavier, higher marketable roots, had the
higher yield produced and computed yield per area. Likewise, application of 16-16-16 at
the rate of 781g/5m2 plot had the highest return on investment of 87.38% compared to other
fertilizers applied.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Days From Sowing to Harvest
Result revealed that highly significant differences were observed on the number of days
from sowing to harvesting as affected by different rates of fertilizer application as shown
in Table 1. Application of 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 +0-0-60 on the plants with rates of 462, 694,
208g/5m2 plot had delayed harvesting of carrots that reached a mean of 100 days from
sowing the seeds but are statistically comparable to the plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-
0 + 0-0-60, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 12-12-12 at the rate of 595,694,208g/5m2 plot,
271, 694, 208g/5m2 plot with means of 98.33 to 99.33 days while the plants applied with
chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice) at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot, triple 14 at the
rate of 892g/5m2 plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot were
harvested earlier with means ranging from 96 to 97 days from sowing the seeds.
Number of Big Roots
Results showed significant differences with regards to the number of big roots of Teracota
carrots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizers applied. Tables 2 shows that
application of Chicken dung + T-14(Famer’s practice) on the plants at the rate of 250g/5m2
plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot produced the highest
number of big roots harvested with means of 133.33 and 134.33. This was followed by the
application of 14-14-14, 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 12-12-12, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and
27-0-0 + 0-18 + 0-0-60 at different rates which had means ranging from 106.67 to 111.67,
respectively.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table1.Days from sowing to harvesting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(Days)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
96.00c
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
97.00c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate,
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
99.33ab
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
98.33b
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
99.33ab
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
96.00c
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
100.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Table 2. Number of big roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
133.33a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
111.67b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate,
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
106.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
111.00b
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
109.00b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
134.33a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
107.67b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Number of Medium Roots
Highly significant differences was noted on the number of medium roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. It was shown in Table 3 that application
of Chicken dung + 14-14-14(Farmer’s practice) on the plants at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot
and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot still produced the highest
number of medium roots with a mean of 106.67. This was followed by the application of
14-14-14 and 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with a mean of 93.33 and 95.00 medium roots but
are comparable also to the plants applied with 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60.Lowest number of
a medium roots were produced from plants applied with 12-12-12 at the rate of 100g/5m2
plot with a mean of 66.67.
Table 3.Number of medium roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14(farmer’s practice)
106.67a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
93.33b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate,
14-14-14 +Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
181.67c
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
66.67d
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea, 14-14-14 +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
95.00b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
106.67a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate, 14-14-14 +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
87.67bc
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Number of Small Roots
Table 4 shows that highly significant differences were obtained on the number of small
roots of carrots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Application
of 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the highest number of small roots
followed by the application of 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 at the rate of 595, 694 and 208g/
5m2plot with a mean of 61.67. Application of Chicken dung + 14-14-14 and 16-16-16
(Vikingship) fertilizers on the plants produced the least number of small roots with a mean
of 9 and 16.67.
Table 4. Number of small roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14(farmer’s practice)
16.67d
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
48.33c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
61.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
72.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
46.67c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
9.00d
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
54.67bc
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Total Number of Roots
Results revealed that there were no significant statistical differences noted on the
total number of roots as affected by the different fertilizers and rates of application (Table
5). However, numerical results showed that the highest total number of roots were
produced by the plants applied with the Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at the rate of 250g/ 15m2
plot followed by 14-14-14 application at the rate of 892g/ 5m2 plot having a mean 253.33
plant roots.
Table 5. Total number of roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
256.67a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
253.33a
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
250.00a
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
250.67a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea14 +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
250.00a
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
250.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
250.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Weight of Big Roots
Results revealed that there were highly significant differences observed on the plants with
regards to the number of big roots as shown in Table 6. Heaviest weight of big roots were
obtained from plants applied with 16-16-16 at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot with a mean of 29
kg followed by plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at 250g/5m2 plot with a mean
of 25.33. Application of 14-14-14, 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 12-12-12, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 +
0-0-60 and 27-0-0 + 0-0-60 had produced the least weight of big roots with a comparable
means ranging from 20.67 to 22.0 kg.
Weight of Medium Roots
Table 7 shows that there were significant differences noted on the weight of medium roots
as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Likewise, the application
of 16-16-16 on the plants at the rate of 781g/5m2plot produced the heaviest weight of
medium roots with a mean of 19 kg followed by plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-
14-14 with a mean of 15 kg but are comparable to the plants applied with 14-14-14, 12-12-
12, 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 +0-0-60 and 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 which had a
means ranging from 13.67 to 14.67kg.
Weight of Small Roots
Table 8 shows that there were no significant differences observed on the weight of
small roots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizers applied. However,
application of 14-14-14 to the plants at the rate of 892g/5m2 plot produced the heaviest
weight of small roots with a mean of 5kg.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 6. Weight of big roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
25.33b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
22.00c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
20.33c
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
20.67c
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
22.00c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
29.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
22.00c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Table 7. Weight of medium roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
15.00b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
13.67b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
13.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
14.00b
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
14.67b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
19.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
13.67b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 8. Weight of small roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
3.37a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
5.00a
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
3.00a
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
3.00a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
2.33a
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
3.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
2.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Number of Forked Roots
As shown in Table 9, highly significant differences were obtained on the number of forked
roots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Plants applied with
12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the highest number of forked roots with a
mean of 33 roots. This was followed by plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 14-
14-14, 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with means ranging from
16.67 to 24.33. Lowest number a forked roots were produced from plants applied with 16-
16-16 and Chicken dung+ 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice).
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 9. Number of forked roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
4.33c
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
18.33b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
24.33b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
33.00a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
16.67b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
2.33c
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
17.67b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Number of Cracked Roots
Highly significant differences were noted on the number of cracked roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Table 10 shows that plants applied with
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 at the rate of 462,494 and 208g/5m2 plot produced the highest
number of cracked roots with a mean of 32.33 but are comparable to the plants applied
with 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot with a mean of 28.33 followed by plants
applied with 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-16.Least number of
cracked roots were produced from plants applied with 16-16-16 at the rate of 78.1g/5m2
plot with a mean of 2.67.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 10. Number of cracked roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
4.33de
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
13.33cd
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
19.33bc
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
28.33ab
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
22.00bc
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
2.67e
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
32.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Weight of Forked Roots
Table 11 shows highly significant differences on the weight of forked roots as affected by
the different kinds and rates of fertilizers application. Application of 12-12-12 at the rate
of 1000/5m2 plot produced the highest number of forked roots with a mean of 9.33 kg but
are statistically the same to the plants applied with27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 14-14-14
at the rate of 595, 694, 208g/5m2 plot. The plants applied with 16-16-16 fertilizers produced
the least weight of forked roots with a mean of 1.33 kg.
Weight of Cracked Roots
Highly significant differences were noted on the weight of cracked roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Table 12 revealed that application of 27-
0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 at the rate of 462, 694, 208 g/5m2 plot produced the highest weight
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
of cracked roots with a mean of 7.76 kg but are statistically comparable to the plants applied
12-12-12 with a mean of 7.33. It was followed by the plants applied with 46-0-0 + 0-18-0
+ 0-0-60. It was followed by plants applied with 16-16-16 produced the least weight of
cracked roots with a mean of 1.67 kg.
Table 11. Weight of forked roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
_______________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
3.00cd
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
6.33ab
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
8.00ab
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
9.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
5.67bc
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
1.33d
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
7.00ab
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 12. Weight of cracked roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
_______________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
3.00ef
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
4.00de
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
4.67cd
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
7.33ab
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
6.00bc
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
1.67f
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
7.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Weight of Marketable Roots
Table 13 shows that there were highly significant differences noted on the weight of
marketable roots as affected by the application of different kinds and rates of fertilizers.
Plants applied with 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizers) produced the highest weight of
marketable roots that reached a mean of 48 kg followed by plants applied with Chicken
dung + 14-14-14(farmer’s practice) at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot with a mean of 40.33 kg.
Application of 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 produced the lowest weight of marketable roots
with a mean of 33.33kg.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 13. Weight of marketable roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
40.33b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
35.67c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
33.33d
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
34.67cd
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
36.67c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
48.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
35.67c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Weight of Non-Marketable Roots (kg)
With regards to the weight of non-marketable roots, it was found out that there were highly
significant differences as affected by the application of different kinds and rates of fertilizer
as shown in Table 14. Highest weight of non-marketable roots were produced from plants
applied with 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot with a mean of 19.67 kg followed by
the plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 14-14-14, 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60. The plants applied with 16-16-16produced the least weight of
non- marketable roots with a mean of 6 kg.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 14. Weight of non-marketable roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
8.67c
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
15.33b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
15.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
19.67a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
14.00b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
6.00c
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
16.17b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Total Yield (kg)
Significant differences were obtained on the total yield as affected by different kinds and
rates of fertilizers application as shown in Table 15. Results showed that plants applied
with 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the harvested yield with a mean of
54.33 kg but are statistically the same to plants applied with 16-16-16 (Vikingship
fertilizer) with a mean of 54.00kg. This was followed by plants applied with 14-14-14, 46-
0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with means ranging from 50.67-52.17
kg. Lowest yield were produced from plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14
(farmer’s practice) and 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 15. Total yield (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
49.00b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
51.00ab
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
49.00b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
54.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
50.61ab
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
54.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
52.17ab
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Computed Yield
Results revealed that there were highly significant differences obtained on the computed
yield in tons/ha as shown in table 16. Plants applied with 16-16-16 at the rate of 781g/5m2
plot produced the highest computed yield/ha with a mean of 96.0 kg followed by plants
applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 with a mean of 80.67 kg. It was followed by plants
applied with 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 14-14-14 and 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60. Lowest
computed yield were obtained from plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with only
a mean of 66.67 t/ha.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 16. Computed yield (t/ha)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(tons/ha)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
80.67b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
71.33c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
66.67d
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
69.33cd
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
73.33c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
96.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
71.31c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Reaction to Pests and Diseases
There were no significant differences obtained with regards to the reaction of pests and
disease as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application as shown in Table
10. However, application of 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000/5m2 plot had produced a quite
high disease reaction of 1.33.Other fertilizers applied did not really react to pest and
diseases. This means that Cv. Teracota carrot is resistant to pest and diseases.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 17. Reaction to pests and diseases (cutworms, leaf miner, and aphids)
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
1.00a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
1.00a
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
1.00a
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
1.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
1.00a
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
1.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
1.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Rating Scale.
a. Insect Pests
Scale
Description
Reaction
1
No infestation
Highly resistant
2
Slight infestation
Resistant
(1-5plants/row)
3
Moderate infestation
Moderate resistant
( 6-10plants/row)
4
Extensive infestation
Susceptible
(10 and above plants per row)
b. Diseases
Scale
Description
Reaction
1
0-10% infection
Resistant
2
11-20% infection
Moderately resistant
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
3
21-40% infection
Moderately susceptible
4
41-60% infection
Susceptible
5
61% and above infection
Very susceptible
Return on Investment (ROI)
There were highly significant differences obtained with regards to the return on investment
as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Table 18 shows that plants
applied with 16-16-16 % had the highest return on investment (ROI) with a mean of
87.38%followed by plants applied with Chicken dung + T-14 (farmer’s practice) with a
mean of 67.42%. Plants with least return on investment were produced from plants applied
with 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with only 29.37%.
Table 18.Cost and return analysis
Figure 1.Overview of the experiment area
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
ITEMS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Marketable
yield:
Big
76
66
61
62
66
87
66
Medium
45
41
41
42
44
57
41
A. Sales
Big X 10
760
660
610
620
660
870
660
Medium X 6
270
246
246
252
264
342
246
Total sales
1030
906
856
872
924
1212
906
B. Expenses
Teracota seeds
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
Insecticides
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
Fungicides
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
FERTILIZERS:
Chicken manure
50
Atlas
20.42
Danat high-yield
Planters
31.86
Ammuniun sulfate
17
Atlas solophos
33.31
33.31
31
Muriate of potash
19.5
19.5
19.5
Fujiyama 12-12-
12
90
Urea
96
Viking ship
102
Calcium nitrate
105
Transportation
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
Meal
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
TOTAL
EXPENSES
615.23
576.67
614.62
634.81
693.62
646.81
700.31
NET INCOME
414.77
329.33
241.38
237.19
230.38
565.19
205.69
ROI(%)
67.4171
57.1089
39.2730
37.3639
33.2142
87.3811
29.3712
RANK
2
3
4
5
6
1
7
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Figure 2. Overview of the experiment 2 weeks from planting
Figure 3. Harvesting stage
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Figure 4. During harvesting of the crop
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilizer rates on the growth
and yield of carrot under Abiang, Atok, Benguet condition as well as to determine the best
fertilizer that will increase farm profit. The results of this study could help farmers avoid
losses, hence upgrading their socio-economic status. Furthermore, the results will also help
extension workers that are best suited to carrot growth thus, increasing farmer’s
production.
Results showed that Cv. Teracota carrots applied with 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 +0-0-60 on the
plants with rates of 462, 694, 208g/5m2 plot had delayed harvesting that reached a mean of
100 days from sowing the seeds but are statistically comparable to the plants applied with
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 12-12-12 at the rate of 595, 694,
208g/5m2 plot, 271, 694, 208g/5m2 plot with means of 98.33 to 99.33 days while the plants
applied with chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice) at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot, 14-
14-14 at the rate of 892g/5m2 plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of
781g/5m2 plot were harvested earlier with means ranging from 96 to 97 days from sowing
the seeds.
It also revealed that application of Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Famer’s practice) on the
plants at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of
781g/5m2 plot produced the highest number of big and medium roots harvested with means
of 133.33 and 134.33 (big roots); and 106.67 (medium roots) plants. They also produced
the heaviest weight of marketable roots with a mean of 40.33kg. Application of 16-16-16
on the plants had the highest total yield of 54kg and computed yield of 96t/ha followed by
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
the plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 with a total yield of 49kg and computed
yield of 80.67t/ha.
Application of 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the heaviestweight of non-
marketable roots with a mean of 19.67kg and highest number of small roots with a mean
of 72.33kg. Application of Chicken dung + 14-14-14 and 16-16-16 (Vikingship) fertilizers
on the plants produced the least number of small roots with a mean of 9 and 16.67.
Heaviest weight of big and medium roots were obtained from plants applied with 16-16-
16 at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot with a mean of 29 kg and 19kg followed by plants applied
with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at 250g/5m2 plot with a mean of 25.33 and 15kg.
There were no significant differences observed on the weight of small roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizers applied. However, application of 14-14-14 to the
plants at the rate of 892g/5m2 plot produced the highest weight of small roots with a mean
of 5kg.
Application of 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) on Teracota carrot plants at the rate of
781g/5m2 plot had the highest return on investment (ROI) with a mean of 29.13%followed
by plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot with a mean
of 20.47% compared to plants applied with other fertilizers.
Conclusion
It is therefore concluded that application of 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) to
carrots (Teracota) at the rate of 781g/5m2 was the best fertilizer since the results showed
that it had produced bigger root sizes, heavier weight, higher total and computed yield and
higher return on investment (ROI) of 87.38%.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Recommendation
Based on the finding of the study, application of 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) to
carrots (Teracota) at the rate of 781g/5m2 is recommended fertilizer since the results
showed that it had produced bigger root sizes, heavier weight, higher yield and higher
return on investment (ROI) of 87.38%.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
ANON. 1980. Seed for Today A Description Catalog of Vegetable varieties No.23.As
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BOTENG, J.D.1988. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Gladiolus as Affected by Different
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24.
CATEDRAL, T. 1979. Seed Production in Ampalaya Crops and Soil. UPLB, College of
Agriculture, Laguna. P. 35.
CHAONG, L.B 1987. Fertilization of Shasta Daisy. Undergraduate Thesis, Unpub. BSU,
La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 20.
CRUZ, T.C. AND S.N TILO. 1956. The Response of Fertilization of Lowland Rice
Planting at Spacing. The Philippine Agriculturist. P. 26.
COX, J.F 1930. Crop Production and Management USA: Press of Brownworth Co. Inc.
P.281.
DEANON, J.R. and J. ML SORIANO.1967.Vegetable Production In Southeast Asia,
UPCA, Los Baños, Laguna.P. 124.
EDMOND, B.1964. Fundamentals of Horticulture 3rd ed. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill
Book Pub., Co., Ltd. Pp. 125,126,135.
EGUCHI, T.1960. Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer applied at Different Stages of Growth
on Seed Production in Cabbage and Chinese cabbage. PROC. SOC. HORTI-SCI.
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FELIZARDO, B. A 1975. The Effect of NPK Fertilizer, Mulching and Duration of Shading
on Growth and Yield of Ginger. Chicago, JB. Lipin Cott. P. 215.
KINOSHITA, K. 1972. Vegetable Production in Subtropical and Tropics Tokyo, Japan:
Overseas Tech. Corp. Agency P.278-279.
KNOTT, J.E and J.R. DEANON, JR. 1969.Vegetable production in Southeast Asia. Los
Banos, Laguna; LipcaPress.Pp.307, 313.
LARON, D.A. 1985.Effect of Different Rates of Fertilizer on Optimum Growth and Yield
of Cucumber. Undergraduate Thesis, BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet.
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Mc COLLUM, P. and G.W. WAREN 1975.Production Vegetable Crops.2nd Ed. New
York: The Interstate Printers and Pub,. Inc. P.279.
MENDIOLA, B. D. 1976. Principles of Crop Production in South East Asia and UP,
Limited Circulations. P. 324-352.
NEIVA, A.F. 1978. The effect of the different rates and time of fertilizer application on
the growth and yield of sweet pea. Undergraduate Thesis, BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.
20.
PARNES, R. 1986 Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Mt. Verno; Woods End Agricultural
Institute. Pp.14-15, 86.
POINCELOT, R.P. 1980. Horticulture: Principle and Practical Application. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall Inc. Pp. 512, 526.
SOMNIK S. 1976. The Effect of Different Method and Rate of Fertilizer Application on
the Growth and Yield of Two Varieties of Garden Pea. Master Thesis. Unpub. MSAC La
Trinidad.Pp. 34.
TINDALL, H.D. 1983. Vegetable in the Tropics. London: McMillan Education Ltd. P.407.
THOMPSON, H.C. and W.K. KELLY. 1959. Vegetable Crops. 5th Ed. New York:
McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. P. 211.
VAN DE WERFF, MM 1997. Carrot Usapang Gulayan II (1): P.2.
VILLAREAL, R. L. 1972. System of vegetable Seed Production and Distribution. In SAVI
6th Annual Seminar Workshop, CLSU, March 15-17, 1976. P. 4.
WORK, P and J. CAREW. 1955. Vegetable Production and Marketing 2nd Ed. New York:
Willey Book Co. P. 377.
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Yield Quality of Chinese Cabbage Seeds. BS Thesis BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 21.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013. Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the
Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota). Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in Abiang, Atok, Benguet from November 2012 to
February 2013 to determine the effect of different fertilizer rates on the growth and yield
of carrot; to determine the best kind of fertilizer suited for carrot production and; to
determine the economics of using different rates of fertilizer application on carrot
production.
Results showed that Cv. Teracota carrots applied with 16-16-16 (Vikingship
fertilizer) significantly produced bigger and heavier, higher marketable roots, had the
higher yield produced and computed yield per area. Likewise, application of 16-16-16 at
the rate of 781g/5m2 plot had the highest return on investment of 87.38% compared to other
fertilizers applied.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Days From Sowing to Harvest
Result revealed that highly significant differences were observed on the number of days
from sowing to harvesting as affected by different rates of fertilizer application as shown
in Table 1. Application of 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 +0-0-60 on the plants with rates of 462, 694,
208g/5m2 plot had delayed harvesting of carrots that reached a mean of 100 days from
sowing the seeds but are statistically comparable to the plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-
0 + 0-0-60, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 12-12-12 at the rate of 595,694,208g/5m2 plot,
271, 694, 208g/5m2 plot with means of 98.33 to 99.33 days while the plants applied with
chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice) at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot, triple 14 at the
rate of 892g/5m2 plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot were
harvested earlier with means ranging from 96 to 97 days from sowing the seeds.
Number of Big Roots
Results showed significant differences with regards to the number of big roots of Teracota
carrots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizers applied. Tables 2 shows that
application of Chicken dung + T-14(Famer’s practice) on the plants at the rate of 250g/5m2
plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot produced the highest
number of big roots harvested with means of 133.33 and 134.33. This was followed by the
application of 14-14-14, 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 12-12-12, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and
27-0-0 + 0-18 + 0-0-60 at different rates which had means ranging from 106.67 to 111.67,
respectively.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table1.Days from sowing to harvesting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(Days)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
96.00c
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
97.00c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate,
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
99.33ab
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
98.33b
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
99.33ab
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
96.00c
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
100.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Table 2. Number of big roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
133.33a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
111.67b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate,
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
106.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
111.00b
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
109.00b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
134.33a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
107.67b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Number of Medium Roots
Highly significant differences was noted on the number of medium roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. It was shown in Table 3 that application
of Chicken dung + 14-14-14(Farmer’s practice) on the plants at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot
and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot still produced the highest
number of medium roots with a mean of 106.67. This was followed by the application of
14-14-14 and 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with a mean of 93.33 and 95.00 medium roots but
are comparable also to the plants applied with 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60.Lowest number of
a medium roots were produced from plants applied with 12-12-12 at the rate of 100g/5m2
plot with a mean of 66.67.
Table 3.Number of medium roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14(farmer’s practice)
106.67a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
93.33b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate,
14-14-14 +Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
181.67c
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
66.67d
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea, 14-14-14 +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
95.00b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
106.67a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate, 14-14-14 +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
87.67bc
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Number of Small Roots
Table 4 shows that highly significant differences were obtained on the number of small
roots of carrots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Application
of 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the highest number of small roots
followed by the application of 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 at the rate of 595, 694 and 208g/
5m2plot with a mean of 61.67. Application of Chicken dung + 14-14-14 and 16-16-16
(Vikingship) fertilizers on the plants produced the least number of small roots with a mean
of 9 and 16.67.
Table 4. Number of small roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14(farmer’s practice)
16.67d
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
48.33c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
61.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
72.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
46.67c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
9.00d
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
54.67bc
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Total Number of Roots
Results revealed that there were no significant statistical differences noted on the
total number of roots as affected by the different fertilizers and rates of application (Table
5). However, numerical results showed that the highest total number of roots were
produced by the plants applied with the Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at the rate of 250g/ 15m2
plot followed by 14-14-14 application at the rate of 892g/ 5m2 plot having a mean 253.33
plant roots.
Table 5. Total number of roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
256.67a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
253.33a
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
250.00a
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
250.67a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea14 +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
250.00a
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
250.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
250.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Weight of Big Roots
Results revealed that there were highly significant differences observed on the plants with
regards to the number of big roots as shown in Table 6. Heaviest weight of big roots were
obtained from plants applied with 16-16-16 at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot with a mean of 29
kg followed by plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at 250g/5m2 plot with a mean
of 25.33. Application of 14-14-14, 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 12-12-12, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 +
0-0-60 and 27-0-0 + 0-0-60 had produced the least weight of big roots with a comparable
means ranging from 20.67 to 22.0 kg.
Weight of Medium Roots
Table 7 shows that there were significant differences noted on the weight of medium roots
as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Likewise, the application
of 16-16-16 on the plants at the rate of 781g/5m2plot produced the heaviest weight of
medium roots with a mean of 19 kg followed by plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-
14-14 with a mean of 15 kg but are comparable to the plants applied with 14-14-14, 12-12-
12, 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 +0-0-60 and 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 which had a
means ranging from 13.67 to 14.67kg.
Weight of Small Roots
Table 8 shows that there were no significant differences observed on the weight of
small roots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizers applied. However,
application of 14-14-14 to the plants at the rate of 892g/5m2 plot produced the heaviest
weight of small roots with a mean of 5kg.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 6. Weight of big roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
25.33b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
22.00c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
20.33c
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
20.67c
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
22.00c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
29.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
22.00c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Table 7. Weight of medium roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
15.00b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
13.67b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
13.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
14.00b
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
14.67b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
19.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
13.67b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 8. Weight of small roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
3.37a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
5.00a
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
3.00a
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
3.00a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
2.33a
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
3.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
2.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Number of Forked Roots
As shown in Table 9, highly significant differences were obtained on the number of forked
roots as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Plants applied with
12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the highest number of forked roots with a
mean of 33 roots. This was followed by plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 14-
14-14, 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with means ranging from
16.67 to 24.33. Lowest number a forked roots were produced from plants applied with 16-
16-16 and Chicken dung+ 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice).
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 9. Number of forked roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
4.33c
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
18.33b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
24.33b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
33.00a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
16.67b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
2.33c
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
17.67b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Number of Cracked Roots
Highly significant differences were noted on the number of cracked roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Table 10 shows that plants applied with
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 at the rate of 462,494 and 208g/5m2 plot produced the highest
number of cracked roots with a mean of 32.33 but are comparable to the plants applied
with 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot with a mean of 28.33 followed by plants
applied with 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-16.Least number of
cracked roots were produced from plants applied with 16-16-16 at the rate of 78.1g/5m2
plot with a mean of 2.67.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 10. Number of cracked roots
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
4.33de
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
13.33cd
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
19.33bc
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
28.33ab
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
22.00bc
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
2.67e
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
32.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Weight of Forked Roots
Table 11 shows highly significant differences on the weight of forked roots as affected by
the different kinds and rates of fertilizers application. Application of 12-12-12 at the rate
of 1000/5m2 plot produced the highest number of forked roots with a mean of 9.33 kg but
are statistically the same to the plants applied with27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 14-14-14
at the rate of 595, 694, 208g/5m2 plot. The plants applied with 16-16-16 fertilizers produced
the least weight of forked roots with a mean of 1.33 kg.
Weight of Cracked Roots
Highly significant differences were noted on the weight of cracked roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Table 12 revealed that application of 27-
0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 at the rate of 462, 694, 208 g/5m2 plot produced the highest weight
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
of cracked roots with a mean of 7.76 kg but are statistically comparable to the plants applied
12-12-12 with a mean of 7.33. It was followed by the plants applied with 46-0-0 + 0-18-0
+ 0-0-60. It was followed by plants applied with 16-16-16 produced the least weight of
cracked roots with a mean of 1.67 kg.
Table 11. Weight of forked roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
_______________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
3.00cd
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
6.33ab
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
8.00ab
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
9.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
5.67bc
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
1.33d
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
7.00ab
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 12. Weight of cracked roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
_______________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
3.00ef
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
4.00de
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
4.67cd
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
7.33ab
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
6.00bc
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
1.67f
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
7.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Weight of Marketable Roots
Table 13 shows that there were highly significant differences noted on the weight of
marketable roots as affected by the application of different kinds and rates of fertilizers.
Plants applied with 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizers) produced the highest weight of
marketable roots that reached a mean of 48 kg followed by plants applied with Chicken
dung + 14-14-14(farmer’s practice) at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot with a mean of 40.33 kg.
Application of 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 produced the lowest weight of marketable roots
with a mean of 33.33kg.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 13. Weight of marketable roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
40.33b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
35.67c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
33.33d
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
34.67cd
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
36.67c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
48.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
35.67c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Weight of Non-Marketable Roots (kg)
With regards to the weight of non-marketable roots, it was found out that there were highly
significant differences as affected by the application of different kinds and rates of fertilizer
as shown in Table 14. Highest weight of non-marketable roots were produced from plants
applied with 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot with a mean of 19.67 kg followed by
the plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 14-14-14, 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60. The plants applied with 16-16-16produced the least weight of
non- marketable roots with a mean of 6 kg.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 14. Weight of non-marketable roots (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
8.67c
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
15.33b
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
15.67b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
19.67a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
14.00b
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
6.00c
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
16.17b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Total Yield (kg)
Significant differences were obtained on the total yield as affected by different kinds and
rates of fertilizers application as shown in Table 15. Results showed that plants applied
with 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the harvested yield with a mean of
54.33 kg but are statistically the same to plants applied with 16-16-16 (Vikingship
fertilizer) with a mean of 54.00kg. This was followed by plants applied with 14-14-14, 46-
0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with means ranging from 50.67-52.17
kg. Lowest yield were produced from plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14
(farmer’s practice) and 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 15. Total yield (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
49.00b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
51.00ab
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
49.00b
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
54.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
50.61ab
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
54.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate +
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
52.17ab
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Computed Yield
Results revealed that there were highly significant differences obtained on the computed
yield in tons/ha as shown in table 16. Plants applied with 16-16-16 at the rate of 781g/5m2
plot produced the highest computed yield/ha with a mean of 96.0 kg followed by plants
applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 with a mean of 80.67 kg. It was followed by plants
applied with 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 14-14-14 and 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60. Lowest
computed yield were obtained from plants applied with 21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with only
a mean of 66.67 t/ha.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 16. Computed yield (t/ha)
TREATMENT
MEAN
(tons/ha)
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
80.67b
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
71.33c
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
66.67d
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
69.33cd
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
73.33c
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
96.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
71.31c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Reaction to Pests and Diseases
There were no significant differences obtained with regards to the reaction of pests and
disease as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application as shown in Table
10. However, application of 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000/5m2 plot had produced a quite
high disease reaction of 1.33.Other fertilizers applied did not really react to pest and
diseases. This means that Cv. Teracota carrot is resistant to pest and diseases.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Table 17. Reaction to pests and diseases (cutworms, leaf miner, and aphids)
TREATMENT
MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice)
1.00a
14-14-14 (Danat Hi-Yield Philippine Planters)
1.00a
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Ammonium sulfate
+ Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
1.00a
12-12-12 (Fujiyama)
1.33a
46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Urea+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
1.00a
16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer)
1.00a
27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 (Calcium nitrate+
Solophos, Muriate of Potash)
1.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Rating Scale.
a. Insect Pests
Scale
Description
Reaction
1
No infestation
Highly resistant
2
Slight infestation
Resistant
(1-5plants/row)
3
Moderate infestation
Moderate resistant
( 6-10plants/row)
4
Extensive infestation
Susceptible
(10 and above plants per row)
b. Diseases
Scale
Description
Reaction
1
0-10% infection
Resistant
2
11-20% infection
Moderately resistant
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
3
21-40% infection
Moderately susceptible
4
41-60% infection
Susceptible
5
61% and above infection
Very susceptible
Return on Investment (ROI)
There were highly significant differences obtained with regards to the return on investment
as affected by different kinds and rates of fertilizer application. Table 18 shows that plants
applied with 16-16-16 % had the highest return on investment (ROI) with a mean of
87.38%followed by plants applied with Chicken dung + T-14 (farmer’s practice) with a
mean of 67.42%. Plants with least return on investment were produced from plants applied
with 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 with only 29.37%.
Table 18.Cost and return analysis
Figure 1.Overview of the experiment area
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
ITEMS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Marketable
yield:
Big
76
66
61
62
66
87
66
Medium
45
41
41
42
44
57
41
A. Sales
Big X 10
760
660
610
620
660
870
660
Medium X 6
270
246
246
252
264
342
246
Total sales
1030
906
856
872
924
1212
906
B. Expenses
Teracota seeds
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
231.43
Insecticides
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
42.86
Fungicides
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
FERTILIZERS:
Chicken manure
50
Atlas
20.42
Danat high-yield
Planters
31.86
Ammuniun sulfate
17
Atlas solophos
33.31
33.31
31
Muriate of potash
19.5
19.5
19.5
Fujiyama 12-12-
12
90
Urea
96
Viking ship
102
Calcium nitrate
105
Transportation
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
142.85
Meal
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
71.42
TOTAL
EXPENSES
615.23
576.67
614.62
634.81
693.62
646.81
700.31
NET INCOME
414.77
329.33
241.38
237.19
230.38
565.19
205.69
ROI(%)
67.4171
57.1089
39.2730
37.3639
33.2142
87.3811
29.3712
RANK
2
3
4
5
6
1
7
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Figure 2. Overview of the experiment 2 weeks from planting
Figure 3. Harvesting stage
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Figure 4. During harvesting of the crop
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilizer rates on the growth
and yield of carrot under Abiang, Atok, Benguet condition as well as to determine the best
fertilizer that will increase farm profit. The results of this study could help farmers avoid
losses, hence upgrading their socio-economic status. Furthermore, the results will also help
extension workers that are best suited to carrot growth thus, increasing farmer’s
production.
Results showed that Cv. Teracota carrots applied with 27-0-0 + 0-18-0 +0-0-60 on the
plants with rates of 462, 694, 208g/5m2 plot had delayed harvesting that reached a mean of
100 days from sowing the seeds but are statistically comparable to the plants applied with
21-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60, 46-0-0 + 0-18-0 + 0-0-60 and 12-12-12 at the rate of 595, 694,
208g/5m2 plot, 271, 694, 208g/5m2 plot with means of 98.33 to 99.33 days while the plants
applied with chicken dung + 14-14-14 (farmer’s practice) at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot, 14-
14-14 at the rate of 892g/5m2 plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of
781g/5m2 plot were harvested earlier with means ranging from 96 to 97 days from sowing
the seeds.
It also revealed that application of Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Famer’s practice) on the
plants at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot and 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) at the rate of
781g/5m2 plot produced the highest number of big and medium roots harvested with means
of 133.33 and 134.33 (big roots); and 106.67 (medium roots) plants. They also produced
the heaviest weight of marketable roots with a mean of 40.33kg. Application of 16-16-16
on the plants had the highest total yield of 54kg and computed yield of 96t/ha followed by
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
the plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 with a total yield of 49kg and computed
yield of 80.67t/ha.
Application of 12-12-12 at the rate of 1000g/5m2 plot produced the heaviestweight of non-
marketable roots with a mean of 19.67kg and highest number of small roots with a mean
of 72.33kg. Application of Chicken dung + 14-14-14 and 16-16-16 (Vikingship) fertilizers
on the plants produced the least number of small roots with a mean of 9 and 16.67.
Heaviest weight of big and medium roots were obtained from plants applied with 16-16-
16 at the rate of 781g/5m2 plot with a mean of 29 kg and 19kg followed by plants applied
with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at 250g/5m2 plot with a mean of 25.33 and 15kg.
There were no significant differences observed on the weight of small roots as affected by
different kinds and rates of fertilizers applied. However, application of 14-14-14 to the
plants at the rate of 892g/5m2 plot produced the highest weight of small roots with a mean
of 5kg.
Application of 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) on Teracota carrot plants at the rate of
781g/5m2 plot had the highest return on investment (ROI) with a mean of 29.13%followed
by plants applied with Chicken dung + 14-14-14 at the rate of 250g/5m2 plot with a mean
of 20.47% compared to plants applied with other fertilizers.
Conclusion
It is therefore concluded that application of 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) to
carrots (Teracota) at the rate of 781g/5m2 was the best fertilizer since the results showed
that it had produced bigger root sizes, heavier weight, higher total and computed yield and
higher return on investment (ROI) of 87.38%.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
Recommendation
Based on the finding of the study, application of 16-16-16 (Vikingship fertilizer) to
carrots (Teracota) at the rate of 781g/5m2 is recommended fertilizer since the results
showed that it had produced bigger root sizes, heavier weight, higher yield and higher
return on investment (ROI) of 87.38%.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)|
CUEBES, KYLE T. APRIL 2013
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