BIBLIOGRAPHY BALDAZAN, JAYSON G. APRIL 2009....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BALDAZAN, JAYSON G. APRIL 2009. Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China
804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Victoria C. Milo, Ph.D
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 at the experiment
area of Benguet State University to determine the growth, yield, and profitability of bush
bean ‘China 804’ as affected by different organic fertilizers supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer.
Results showed that plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-
fertilizer significantly were the tallest, produced the longest pods, had the highest total,
marketable, and computed yield at 10.91 t/ha, and had the highest return on investment of
124.09%. High marketable yield and profit could also be obtained from the application of
Siglat supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer.
TABLES OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Tables of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Plant Height (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Number of Pods per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Length of Pods (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Weight of Pods per Plant (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Yield per Plot (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Weight of Marketable Pods (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Weight of Non-marketable Pods (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Computed Yield per Hectare (tons/ha) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Return on Investment (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION, AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . .
22
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ii
INTRODUCTION
The trend of crop production lately is toward organic to curb the problems now
plaguing the vegetable industry such as soil acidity, pest and diseases, soil degradation
including health hazard and other environment problems.
The cost of production is so high that vegetable growers could hardly obtain profit
from their crops. This is because the cost of fertilizers together with the other inputs is
continuously increasing.
Vegetable growers in Benguet are usually applying chicken manure before planting
side dressing complete fertilizers (14-14-14 or 16-16-16) mixed with urea during hilling-
up (2-4 weeks after transplanting) then spraying foliar fertilizers while the crop is
growing. This was being done without the benefits of soil analysis and the fertilizer
requirements of the crop being grown.
With the latest innovations in liquid fertilizers wherein the macro-nutrients and
micro-nutrients including groups of beneficial microorganisms included in the
formulation, it might be enough to apply organic fertilizers as base dress then
supplemented with liquid fertilizer. If this would be enough to produce satisfactory yield,
then the use of complete, urea and other dry fertilizer materials will be minimized or
avoided which will not only prevent soil degradation but most especially reduce the cost
of production.
As mentioned already, this study is to explore the possibility of minimizing
production expenses, soil degradation and environment pollution due to the heavy use of
synthetic fertilizers. If there are advantages to be obtained in this study, it will be used as
guide in conducting more experiments along this line. Results of this study will be used
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
2
to answer the questions asked by farmers on fertilizer application which is important to
extension workers.
This study was conducted at Benguet State University, Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet
from November to January 2009 to determine the effect of different organic materials on
the vegetative growth of bush snap bean ‘China 804’,asses the yield of ‘China 804’
applied with the different organic fertilizer materials supplemented with liquid bio-
fertilizer without the use of other fertilizers, determine the profitability of bush bean
‘China 804’ applied with the different organic fertilizer materials supplemented only with
liquid bio-fertilizer.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description of Bush Bean
According to Choung, et al. (2003), the common bean is highly variable species.
Bush varieties form erect bushes 20 – 60 cm tall, while pole or running varieties form
vines 2 – 3 m long. All varieties bear alternate, green or purple leaves, divided into three
oval, smooth-edged leaflets, each 6 – 15 cm long and 3 – 11 cm wide. The white, pink, or
purple flowers are about 1 cm long, and give way to pods 8 – 20 cm long, 1 – 1.5 cm. It is
annual, glabrous, dwarf plant. The leaflets are ovate usually composed of three pointed
leaflets with smooth borders. The flowers are flat-ended to sub cylindrical, upright or
curved. They maybe white, yellow, or bluish purple. The inflorescence usually develops a
long period of time. The seeds are varied in size and shape. The color maybe white, puff,
pink, black. They have long and extensive rot system which produces nodules that are
important in nitrification and in the nutritional value of the crop. Pod characteristics vary
with species. The pod maybe linear, cylindrical, slightly curved, oblong, or crescent-
shaped and flat. Length and diameter ranges from 6-75 cm and from 0.5-2cm,
respectively. An immature pod varies in color from light green to dark green, yellow and
purple, moltied neither green nor is purple pods observed among those of cow pea,
kidney beans and pigeon pea. The number of seed per pod ranges from 1-22. Seeds
maybe black, white or cream, red, purple gray or a combination of various shades of
colors (Knott and Deanon, 1967).
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
4
Importance of Bean
Legume vegetable like snap bean is one of the promising vegetable crops
produced in the Philippines. It is recognized as an important source of protein, vitamins,
and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus which is consumed mainly in the green pod
stage or as fresh vegetable. The crop is important from human, being nutrition and as
source of enzymes for the farmers as stated by Seb-aten 1997. In the survey reports by
Knott and Deanon, legumes are ranked 4th in area planted and 8th in total peso value
among the 11 leading vegetable produced in the country. Aside from benefits it provides
to man and animals, it is also beneficial to the soil, for they are replenishing the soil
nitrogen. Legumes generally help maintain and conserve soil fertility. In addition, soils
that are continuously cultivated rarely contain enough nitrogen for maximum plant
growth (Thompson, 1978).
Soil and Climatic Requirement
Legume can be grown in any types of soil provided water is available. They
perform best in soil that is granular, fertile, well drained and relatively free from
nematodes and fusarium disease, clay loam soil is probably moderately acidic soil with a
pH range of 5.0-6.0 (PCARRD, 1998).
Bush bean may either be bushy or viny. The bushy type is determined by its growth
habit with an elongated steam and leases to grow when terminal racemes have developed.
The pole or viny type is characterized by recemes being developed in the leaf axis while
stem continuous reduction to elongate (Martin and Leonard, 1970).
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
5
Organic Fertilizer Application
Cabilatazan (1980) found that bean plants applied with ½ of the fertilizer rate at
planting the remaining half 30 days after were the fullest and had the highest percentage
of pod set. The plants applied with fertilizer at planting and hilling up (2 application and
those that were applied at planting were the latest to flower, similar number of seeds per
pod).
On the other hand Erasquin (1981) reported that soil for vegetable production
should be rich in organic matter through sustained application of decomposed sawdust
and other type plant residues that are converted to useful soil amendments. Such soil
amendments improve soil structure, which is good for vegetable production. The same
author found that the sawdust contains about 1.6 % of phosphoric acid and 6.19 % of
potash. When undecomposed sawdust is mixed with the soil, there is a harmful effect on
crop like manifestation or yellowing of plant indicating from the decomposition of wood
practices by bacteria and fungi which requires nitrogen deficiency effect or sawdust
seldom extends beyond the first season of not more than 3 to 4 tons of dry materials are
added to the soil.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Plant
When the organic residues are in the process of becoming soil, they supply some of
essential nutrients to plants serve as the principle source of nitrates, organic phosphate,
organic sulfate, borate, molybdates and chloride that increase the cation exchange
capacity; and make phosphorus and micronutrients more readily available nutrients faster
by microbial decomposition when their cation of organic carbon to total nitrogen is now
wider than above 20:1 (Follet, 1981).
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
6
Koshiro (1990) found that nutrient elements from organic fertilizer are released
slowly which is particularly important in avoiding salt injury, ensuring a continuous
supply nutrient during the growing season, and producing products of better quality. In
1980, Pandosen reported that as the level of organic fertilizer is raised, the tubers
formation and the yield increased. This is because more were also absorption of nutrients
by plants leads to the development of heavier tubers considering that the other factors
were favorable.
Nutrition affect the rate of growth and state of readiness of plants to defend
themselves against pathogenic attack abundance of certain nutrients like nitrogen results
in the production of young succulent growth and may prolong the vegetative growth,
delay maturity of the plant make of more susceptible to pathogens that prefer to attack
such tissues for longer period (Follet, 1981).
In addition, Villace (1997) stated in his study that bush bean applied with chicken
manure before planting followed by urea and muriate of potash at hilling up gave the
highest percentage of pod set, weight of marketable pods per plot, computed yield per
hectare and return on investments (ROI). It had also highest average number of pods, but
did not differed significantly from the application of chicken manure before planting
followed by 14-14-14.
According to Sanchez 1980, organic matter improved the physical properties of
cultivated soils. It improved aggregate stability, bulk density and available water range.
Movement organic matter increased the porosity of heavy soil which in turn increased
water absorption and lessened water run-off leaching and erosion.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
7
Foliar Fertilizer has been found effective to plants because of they vary small
quantity of the chemical that has to be absorbed (Knott and Deanon, 1967). They added,
however, that the foliage of the vegetable is unable to absorb sufficient amount of the
three primary nutrients.
Effect of Liquid bio-fertilizer
Tocdangan (2007) stated that the application 1.5 ml liquid bio-fertilizer per 16 liters
of water significantly increased the lettuce yield than the farmer’s practice.
Likewise, Aglasi (2007) has reported that applying the liquid bio-fertilizer, 2.5 ml per 2
liter of water increased the marketable yield of carrot.
Cultural Practice for Beans
Soil tillage. The method preparing the land for beans is influenced by the season of
planting generally, the land is dug by grub hoe and bed on plot raised high in process,
after digging, the soil is pulverized and plots were raised 15 to 20 cm. At this point, the
plant maybe prepared into hours (HARRDEC, 1989). Weeding or removing of unwanted
plants is also important to beans so that it will not compete in the growing and absorption
of fertilizers to be applied. Irrigation also important depends on the moisture content of
the soil. It is important also during dry season most especially during the early stage
growth of snap beans.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
8
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used in the study were organic fertilizer materials (Siglat, Nbem,
Yama and Sagana 100), liquid bio-fertilizer (xtekh), garden tools, weighing scale,
measuring tape, identifying pegs, record book, etc.
Methods
The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications. The treatments were represented as follows:
Treatment Code Organic Fertilizers
Rate of Application
T1 N2.17%-P3.19%-K2.27% (Siglat) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T2 N2.8%-P3.95%-K3.66% (Nbem) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T3 N2.25%-P3.47%-K%2.28 (Yama (PCM) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T4 N5.9%-P6.22%-K8.1% (Sagana 100) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T5 Farmer,s Practice ½ can chicken dung as base-
dress plus 357.14 g 14-14-14
per 5 sq m plot
T6 Control No Fertilizer Application
Land Preparation
An area of 90 m2 was prepared for the study. The plots was dug 1m x 5m.There
were 18 plots which was grouped into three to represent the three blocks or replications.
Each block had six plots to represent the treatments.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
9
Planting the Seeds
Two seeds of (bush bean) ‘china 804’ were planted per hill at a distance of 25 cm in
row and 25 cm between rows. There were 20 hills per row or 40 hills per plot which was
planted with 80 seeds.
Fertilizer Application
All the four recommended rate of organic fertilizers as described in the treatments
were applied as base dress and mixed thoroughly to the soil before planting, except in the
farmers practice wherein ½ kerosene can of chicken dung was applied as base dress
before planting. And the 354.14g of T14 was applied as side dress at hilling up three
weeks after emergence. Liquid bio-fertilizer was sprayed 15 days after emergence at the
rate of 3 tbsp per 16 liters of water or 2.0 ml per liter of water except in control 6,
wherein no fertilizer application.
Irrigation
After planting the seeds the plots was irrigated with 64 liters of water each and this
was done every three days or twice a week.
Hilling-up
Hilling –up was done in all plots three weeks after emergence to cover growing
weeds.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
10
Data Gathered
The gathered, tabulated, computed and means subjected to separation test using the
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were the following:
1. Plant height (cm).Ten sample plants per plot were measured from the soil line to
the tip of the plant.
2. Number of pods per plant. Every harvest time, the pods were counted and
recorded and the total number of pods per plot was divided by the number of plants per
plot to get the number of pods per plant.
3. Length of pods (cm). Ten pods per plot were measured from the peduncle to the
stellar end and the summation was divided by 10 to get the average length of pods.
4. Weight of pods per plant (g). The total yield per plot was divided by the number
of plants per plot to get the weight of pods per plant.
5. Yield per plot (kg). This was the total weight of pods from the first harvest to the
last harvest of marketable and non-marketable pods.
6. Weight of marketable pods (kg). This was the weight of pods from first to the
last harvest without defect, which was sold to the market.
7. Weight of non-marketable pods (kg). This was the weight of pods from first to
last harvest with defects such as abnormally formed, very short, insect damaged or
curved.
8. Computed yield per hectare (tons). The yield per plot was converted to tons per
hectare by multiplying the yield per plot with 2000 then dividing by 1000. The 2000 is
the number of plots per hectare and the 1000 is the weight in kilogram per ton.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
11
9. Economic analysis. All the expenses incurred in the study was recorded such as
the value of seeds, fertilizers, labor, gasoline for watering, pesticides and others, these
expenses was deducted from the gross sales per plot and the net income will be computed
and the return on investment will be computed by using the formula:
Gross Sales per Plot – Expenses per Plot
ROI =
x 100
Expenses per Plot
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
12
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Height
Table shows the plant height of bush snap bean as affected by application of
organic materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. Plants applied with Nbem
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer had the tallest plant of 32.13 cm but their height
did not differ significantly from the plants applied with 1/2 kerosene can of chicken dung
+ 357.14 g T14 with 31.70 cm and plants applied with Siglat supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer with mean of 31.53cm.
Table 1. Plant height
TREATMENT MEAN
(cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 31.53abc
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 32.13a
Yama + liquid bio -fertilizer 26.30d
Sagana + liquid bio-fertilizer 31.07c
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 31.70ab
No fertilizer application 19.53e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
13
Results show that height of plants applied with different organic materials
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer differ significantly from the height of plants
without fertilizers.
Number of Pods per Plant
Significant differences were observed on the number of pods per plant as affected
by organic application supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (Table 2). Highest number
of 19.88 pods per plant was obtained in plants applied with Siglat supplemented with
liquid bio-fertilizer but their number of pods did not differ significantly from the plants
applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer with 19.85 pods per plant.
Table 2. Number of pods per plant
TREATMENT MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 19.88a
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 19.85a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 18.11b
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 18.80c
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 14.90d
No fertilizer application 10.26e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
14
However, the aforementioned numbers of pods per plant differed significantly
from the number of pods in other plants applied with different organic fertilizers and that
of plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14.
Results of this study showed that application of different organic materials
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer significantly increased the number of pods per
plant.
Length of Pods
Table 3 shows the length of pods as affected by organic application
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. Results show that application of different organic
materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer significantly increased the length of
pods.
Table 3. Length of pods
TREATMENT
MEAN
(cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 16.30c
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 17.50a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 15.67d
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 16.37c
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 17.20b
No fertilizer Application 15.17d
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
15
Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained the
longest pod of 17.50 cm and differ significantly from the pod length of plants applied
with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14 with 17.20 cm. On the other hand no
significant differences were observed on the pod length between plants applied with
Sagana 100 supplemented with liquid bio- fertilizer and plants applied with Siglat
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. It was also observed that the length of pods of
plants applied with different organic materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer
differed significantly from pod length of plants without fertilizer.
Weight of Pods per Plant
Statistical analysis showed significant differences on the weight of pods per
plant as affected by organic application supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (Table 4).
Plants applied with Siglat and Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained the
same weight of 0.14 kg per plant. But their pod weight did not differ significantly from
the pod weight of plants applied either with Yama and Sagana 100 supplemented with
liquid bio- fertilizer with a common pod weight of 0.13 kg. Likewise, pod weight of
plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14 did not differ
significantly from the pod weight of other plants applied with different organic fertilizers
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer.
Results of the study show that organic fertilization can significantly increase the
weight of pods.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
16
Table 4. Weight of pods per plant
TREATMENT MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.14a
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.14a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.13ab
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.13ab
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 0.12b
No fertilizer application 0.06c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Yield per Plot
Table 5 shows the yield per plot as affected by organic application supplemented
with liquid bio-fertilizer. Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-
fertilizer obtained the highest yield of 5.45 kg per plot but their yield per plot did not
differ significantly from the yield per plot obtained in plants applied with siglat and yama
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer with means of 5.28 and 5.00 kg respectively. All
the plants applied with different organic fertilizer supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer
did not differ significantly in their yield per plot but significantly differences were noted
when their yield per plot were compared in plants without fertilizer.
Results of the study showed that fertilization of different organic materials can
significantly increase the yield of bush snap bean ‘china 804’.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
17
Table 5. Yield per plot
MEAN
TREATMENT
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 5.28abc
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 5.45a
Yama + liquid bio- fertilizer 5.00abc
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.86bc
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 4.75c
No fertilizer application 2.34f
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Weight of Marketable Pods
Statistical analysis show significant differences on the weight of marketable pods
as affected by organic application supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (Table 6).
Highest marketable pods per plant was obtained in plants applied with Nbem
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer but their weight of marketable pods did not differ
significantly in the weight of marketable pods obtained in plants applied with the
different organic fertilizers supplemented with liquid with bio-fertilizer and that of plants
fertilized with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14.
Results show that the weight of marketable pods can be increased significantly
different by an application of the different organic fertilizers supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
18
Table 6. Weight of marketable pods
MEAN
TREATMENT
(kg)
Sigla + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.50abcd
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.53a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.13b
Sagana 100 +liquid bio-fertilizer 4.02bc
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 3.86bcd
No fertilizer application 1.79e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Weight of Non-marketable Pods
Table 7 shows the weight of non marketable pods as affected by organic
application supplemented with liquid bio fertilizer. Statistical analysis revealed
significant differences on the weight of non marketable pods. Plants applied with Nbem
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained the highest non-marketable pods of 0.92
kg and differed significantly on the weight of non-marketable pods of plants applied with
yama, sagana 100, siglat with supplemented with liquid bio- fertilizer with respective
means of 0.87, 0.84, and 0.78 kg. All these means differed significantly from the weight
of non-marketable pods in plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g
T14 and that of plants without fertilizer with 0.55 kg of non-marketable pods.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
19
Table 7. Weight of non-marketable pods
MEAN
TREATMENT
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.78e
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.92a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.87c
Sagana + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.84d
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 0.89b
No fertilizer application 0.55f
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Computed Yield per Hectare
Computed yield as affected by organic application supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer is shown in Table 8. Computed yield per ha of plants applied with different
organic materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer did not differ significantly from
the computed yield per ha of plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g
T14 but significantly differed from the computed yield/ha of plants without fertilizer.
Results showed that application of any kind of organic fertilizers supplemented
with liquid bio-fertilizer significantly increased the yield per hectare and their yield was
comparable with that of plants fertilized with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g
T14.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
20
Table 8. Computed yield per hectare
TREATMENT MEAN
(tons)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 10.57ab
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 10.91a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 10.00b
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 9.71bc
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 9.50bcd
No fertilizer application 4.69e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 9 show the cost and return analysis as affected by organic application
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. Results show significant differences among the
treatments. Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained
highest ROI of 124.09 and did not differ significantly on the ROI of plants applied with
Siglat, and Yama, supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer with respective means of
122.60, 104.32 ROI/plot. However, ROI of 98.55 plants applied with Sagana 100
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer did not differ significantly on the ROI in plants
applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14 with ROI of 90.97. All the
aforementioned ROI differed significantly from the ROI of 52.27 plants without
fertilizer.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
21
Table 9. Cost and Return Analysis
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Sales
310.73
312.8
284.97 277.15 266.57 123.74
Land Preparation
50
50
50
50
50
50
Seeds
31.26
31.26
31.26
31.26
31.26
31.26
Fertilizers
58.83
58.83
58.83
58.83
58.83
-
Total Expenses
139.59
139.59
139.59
39.59
139.59 81.26
ROI
122.60ab 124.09a 104.32ab 98.55c 90.97cd 52.25e
Selling Price= Php 23.00
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University Experiment area, Balili La
Trinidad, Benguet from November 2008 to January 2009 to determine the effect of
different organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of bush snap bean ‘china 804’, and to
asses the economics of applying the said fertilizers.
Results showed that application of different organic fertilizers supplemented with
liquid bio-fertilizer effected significant differences in plant height, length of pods, yield,
and ROI. Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio fertilizer were the
tallest, had the longest and heaviest weight of marketable pods, highest computed yield at
10.91 t/ha and ROI of 124.09%. Application of Siglat plus liquid bio-fertilizer also
promoted growth, yield, and profitability.
Conclusion
Based on the result presented, the application of Nbem and Siglat supplemented
with liquid bio-fertilizer enhances the growth and yield of bush bean ‘China 804’ and
effected high return on investment.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
23
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended to apply Nbem or Siglat as base dress at 2 kg / 5m2
before planting bush bean ‘china 804’ and supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (x-
tekh) at 2 ml / l sprayed 15 days after emergence to enhance growth, yield, and obtained
higher profit.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
24
LITERATURE CITED
AGLASI, B. C. 2007. Growth, yield and profitability of carrot applied with varying rates
of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 23-24.
CABILATAZAN, M.R. 1980. Timing of NPK application on the seed production of
BaguioBean. BS Thesis. Mountain State Agricultural College, La Trinidad,
Benguet. 46 Pp.
CHOUNG M.G. 2003. CHOI B. R.; AN Y. N.; CHU Y. H.; CHO Y.S. 2003
Anthocyanin profile ofKoreancultivated kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J
Agric Food Chem19; 51(24):7040-3. 2006.
ERASQUIN, N. B. 1981. Fundamental of Horticulture. 3rd Edition. New York: Mc Graw
Hill. Inc. Pp. 66-70.
FOLLET, R.H. 1981.Fertilizer and Soil Amendments. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Pp.
459-460.
HARRDEC. 1989. Snap Bean Technoguide for Highlands. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-5.
KNOTT, J. E. And J. R. DEANON 1967. Vegetable production in Southeast Asia.
University of the Philippine, College of Agriculture, Los Baños. Laguna.5:70-96
KOSHIRO, O. 1990. The use of organic and chemical in Japan. Food and Fertilizer
Technology Center Extension Buil. Pp.14.
MARTIN, J. H. and W. H. LEONARD. 1970 Principles of Crop Production. New York:
McMillan Co. P. 681.
PCARRD. 1983. Vegetable, Legumes Research. Crop series no.5. UPLB, Laguna
SANCHEZ, A.D. 1980. Properties and Management of Soil in the Tropics New York:
John Wiley and Sons. 630 Pp.
SEB-ATEN. D.N.1997.Effecacy evaluation of 141012 and 181618 green bee foliar
fertilizer on the growth and yield of Snap Beans. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 24.
THOMPSON, H. C. 1978. Vegetable Crops. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. P. 543
TOCDANGAN, M. L. 2007.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
25
VILLACE, P.M. 1997. Evaluation of fertilizer application strategies on Bush Bean. BS
Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 58.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
26
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant height (cm)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
31.7
31.6
31.3
96.6
31.53
T2
31.6
32.7
32.1
96.4
32.13
T3
25.3
26
27.6
78.9
26.30
T4
30.7
31.1
31.4
93.2
31.07
T5
31.9
31.1
32.1
95.1
31.70
T6
18.7
20.0
19.1
58.6
19.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
372.611
74.522
205.547
0.000
3.326
Block
2
1.701
0.851
2.346
0.346
4.103
Error
10
3.626
0.363
Total
17
377.938
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 2.097%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
27
Appendix Table 2. Number of pods per plant
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
19.38
20.82
19.44
56.64
19.88
T2
22.08
19.83
17.63
59.54
19.85
T3
20.45
17.31
16.58
54.34
18.11
T4
19.53
18.2
18.67
56.4
18.80
T5
14.08
14.61
16.03
44.72
14.91
T6
8.98
10.9
10.91
30.79
10.26
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM
SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
211.908
42.382
18.584
0.000
3.326
Block
2
2.293
1.147
0.503
0.619
4.103
Error
10
22.806
2.281
Total
17
237.007
s= Significant Coefficient of Variation = 8.90%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
28
Appendix Table 3. Length of pods (cm)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
16.1
16.3
16.5
48.9
16.30
T2
17.2
18.5
16.8
52.5
17.50
T3
15.6
16.2
15.2
47.0
15.67
T4
15.7
17.0
16.4
49.1
16.37
T5
17.1
17.5
17.0
51.6
17.20
T6
15.5
15.2
14.8
45.5
15.17
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
11.740
2.348
12.925
0.000
3.326
Block
2
1.583
0.792
4.358
0.044
4.103
Error
10
1.817
0.182
Total
17
15.140
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 2.604%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
29
Appendix Table 4. Weight of pods per plant (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.41
0.14
T2
0.17
0.13
0.13
0.43
0.14
T3
0.14
0.12
0.13
0.39
0.13
T4
0.13
0.14
0.12
0.39
0.13
T5
0.12
0.11
0.14
0.37
0.12
T6
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.19
0.06
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
0.013
0.003
14.481
0.000
3.326
Block
2
0.001
0.000
2.025
0.183
4.103
Error
10
0.002
0.000
Total
17
0.015
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 10.94%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
30
Appendix Table 5. Yield per plot (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
6.03
5.13
4.69
15.85
5.28
T2
6.4
4.96
5
16.36
5.45
T3
5.48
4.84
4.68
15
5.00
T4
5.2
4.95
4.42
14.57 4.86
T5
4.56
4.29
5.4
14.25 4.75
T6
2.75
2.5
1.78
7.03 2.34
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
19.604
3.921
17.641
0.000
3.326
Block
2
1.909
0.954
4.294
0.045
4.103
Error
10
2.223
0.222
Total
17
23.736
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 10.217%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
31
Appendix Table 6. Weight of marketable pods (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
5.48
4.18
3.85
13.51
4.50
T2
5.50
4.45
3.65
13.6
4.53
T3
4.38
3.99
4.02
12.39
4.13
T4
4.50
4.00
3.55
12.05
4.02
T5
3.80
3.64
4.15
11.59
3.86
T6
2.00
2.00
1.38
5.38
1.79
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
15.656
3.131
16.246
0.000
3.326
Block
2
2.218
1.109
5.753
0.022
4.103
Error
10
1.927
0.193
Total
17
19.801
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 11.53%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
32
Appendix Table 7. Weight of non-marketable pods (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
T1
0.55
0.95
0.84
2.34
0.78
T2
0.9
0.51
1.35
2.76
0.92
T3
1.1
0.85
0.66
2.61
0.87
T4
0.7
0.95
0.87
2.52
0.84
T5
0.76
0.65
1.25
2.66
0.89
T6
0.75
0.5
0.4
1.65
0.55
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
0.273
0.055
0.719
0.624
3.326
Block
2
0.079
0.039
0.518
0.611
4.103
Error
10
0.759
0.076
Total
17
1.111
ns = Not significant Coefficient of Variation = 34.11%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
33
Appendix Table 8. Computed yield per hectare (tons)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
12.06
10.26
9.38
31.70
10.57
T2
12.80
9.92
10.00
32.72
10.91
T3
10.96
9.68
9.36
30.00
10.00
T4
10.40
9.90
8.84
29.14
9.71
T5
9.12
8.58
10.8
28.50
9.50
T6
5.50
5.00
3.56
14.06
4.69
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
78.418
15.684
17.641
0.000
3.326
Block
2
7.634
3.817
4.294
0.045
4.103
Error
10
8.891
0.889
Total
17
94.943
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 10.217%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
34
Appendix Table 9. ROI per plot
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
170.88
106.62
90.31
367.81
122.60
T2
171.87
119.97
80.42
372.26
124.09
T3
116.51
97.73
98.71
312.95
104.32
T4
122.44
97.72
75.49
295.65
98.55
T5
87.84
79.93
105.14
272.91
90.97
T6
69.80
69.80
17.17
156.77
52.27
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
38272.543 7654.509
16.261
0.000
3.326
Block
2
5414.123 2707.062
5.751
0.022
4.103
Error
10
4707.241
470.724
Total
17
48393.907
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 26.60%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
BALDAZAN, JAYSON G. APRIL 2009. Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China
804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Victoria C. Milo, Ph.D
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 at the experiment
area of Benguet State University to determine the growth, yield, and profitability of bush
bean ‘China 804’ as affected by different organic fertilizers supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer.
Results showed that plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-
fertilizer significantly were the tallest, produced the longest pods, had the highest total,
marketable, and computed yield at 10.91 t/ha, and had the highest return on investment of
124.09%. High marketable yield and profit could also be obtained from the application of
Siglat supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer.
TABLES OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Tables of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Plant Height (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Number of Pods per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Length of Pods (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Weight of Pods per Plant (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Yield per Plot (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Weight of Marketable Pods (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Weight of Non-marketable Pods (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Computed Yield per Hectare (tons/ha) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Return on Investment (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION, AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . .
22
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ii
INTRODUCTION
The trend of crop production lately is toward organic to curb the problems now
plaguing the vegetable industry such as soil acidity, pest and diseases, soil degradation
including health hazard and other environment problems.
The cost of production is so high that vegetable growers could hardly obtain profit
from their crops. This is because the cost of fertilizers together with the other inputs is
continuously increasing.
Vegetable growers in Benguet are usually applying chicken manure before planting
side dressing complete fertilizers (14-14-14 or 16-16-16) mixed with urea during hilling-
up (2-4 weeks after transplanting) then spraying foliar fertilizers while the crop is
growing. This was being done without the benefits of soil analysis and the fertilizer
requirements of the crop being grown.
With the latest innovations in liquid fertilizers wherein the macro-nutrients and
micro-nutrients including groups of beneficial microorganisms included in the
formulation, it might be enough to apply organic fertilizers as base dress then
supplemented with liquid fertilizer. If this would be enough to produce satisfactory yield,
then the use of complete, urea and other dry fertilizer materials will be minimized or
avoided which will not only prevent soil degradation but most especially reduce the cost
of production.
As mentioned already, this study is to explore the possibility of minimizing
production expenses, soil degradation and environment pollution due to the heavy use of
synthetic fertilizers. If there are advantages to be obtained in this study, it will be used as
guide in conducting more experiments along this line. Results of this study will be used
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
2
to answer the questions asked by farmers on fertilizer application which is important to
extension workers.
This study was conducted at Benguet State University, Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet
from November to January 2009 to determine the effect of different organic materials on
the vegetative growth of bush snap bean ‘China 804’,asses the yield of ‘China 804’
applied with the different organic fertilizer materials supplemented with liquid bio-
fertilizer without the use of other fertilizers, determine the profitability of bush bean
‘China 804’ applied with the different organic fertilizer materials supplemented only with
liquid bio-fertilizer.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description of Bush Bean
According to Choung, et al. (2003), the common bean is highly variable species.
Bush varieties form erect bushes 20 – 60 cm tall, while pole or running varieties form
vines 2 – 3 m long. All varieties bear alternate, green or purple leaves, divided into three
oval, smooth-edged leaflets, each 6 – 15 cm long and 3 – 11 cm wide. The white, pink, or
purple flowers are about 1 cm long, and give way to pods 8 – 20 cm long, 1 – 1.5 cm. It is
annual, glabrous, dwarf plant. The leaflets are ovate usually composed of three pointed
leaflets with smooth borders. The flowers are flat-ended to sub cylindrical, upright or
curved. They maybe white, yellow, or bluish purple. The inflorescence usually develops a
long period of time. The seeds are varied in size and shape. The color maybe white, puff,
pink, black. They have long and extensive rot system which produces nodules that are
important in nitrification and in the nutritional value of the crop. Pod characteristics vary
with species. The pod maybe linear, cylindrical, slightly curved, oblong, or crescent-
shaped and flat. Length and diameter ranges from 6-75 cm and from 0.5-2cm,
respectively. An immature pod varies in color from light green to dark green, yellow and
purple, moltied neither green nor is purple pods observed among those of cow pea,
kidney beans and pigeon pea. The number of seed per pod ranges from 1-22. Seeds
maybe black, white or cream, red, purple gray or a combination of various shades of
colors (Knott and Deanon, 1967).
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
4
Importance of Bean
Legume vegetable like snap bean is one of the promising vegetable crops
produced in the Philippines. It is recognized as an important source of protein, vitamins,
and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus which is consumed mainly in the green pod
stage or as fresh vegetable. The crop is important from human, being nutrition and as
source of enzymes for the farmers as stated by Seb-aten 1997. In the survey reports by
Knott and Deanon, legumes are ranked 4th in area planted and 8th in total peso value
among the 11 leading vegetable produced in the country. Aside from benefits it provides
to man and animals, it is also beneficial to the soil, for they are replenishing the soil
nitrogen. Legumes generally help maintain and conserve soil fertility. In addition, soils
that are continuously cultivated rarely contain enough nitrogen for maximum plant
growth (Thompson, 1978).
Soil and Climatic Requirement
Legume can be grown in any types of soil provided water is available. They
perform best in soil that is granular, fertile, well drained and relatively free from
nematodes and fusarium disease, clay loam soil is probably moderately acidic soil with a
pH range of 5.0-6.0 (PCARRD, 1998).
Bush bean may either be bushy or viny. The bushy type is determined by its growth
habit with an elongated steam and leases to grow when terminal racemes have developed.
The pole or viny type is characterized by recemes being developed in the leaf axis while
stem continuous reduction to elongate (Martin and Leonard, 1970).
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
5
Organic Fertilizer Application
Cabilatazan (1980) found that bean plants applied with ½ of the fertilizer rate at
planting the remaining half 30 days after were the fullest and had the highest percentage
of pod set. The plants applied with fertilizer at planting and hilling up (2 application and
those that were applied at planting were the latest to flower, similar number of seeds per
pod).
On the other hand Erasquin (1981) reported that soil for vegetable production
should be rich in organic matter through sustained application of decomposed sawdust
and other type plant residues that are converted to useful soil amendments. Such soil
amendments improve soil structure, which is good for vegetable production. The same
author found that the sawdust contains about 1.6 % of phosphoric acid and 6.19 % of
potash. When undecomposed sawdust is mixed with the soil, there is a harmful effect on
crop like manifestation or yellowing of plant indicating from the decomposition of wood
practices by bacteria and fungi which requires nitrogen deficiency effect or sawdust
seldom extends beyond the first season of not more than 3 to 4 tons of dry materials are
added to the soil.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Plant
When the organic residues are in the process of becoming soil, they supply some of
essential nutrients to plants serve as the principle source of nitrates, organic phosphate,
organic sulfate, borate, molybdates and chloride that increase the cation exchange
capacity; and make phosphorus and micronutrients more readily available nutrients faster
by microbial decomposition when their cation of organic carbon to total nitrogen is now
wider than above 20:1 (Follet, 1981).
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
6
Koshiro (1990) found that nutrient elements from organic fertilizer are released
slowly which is particularly important in avoiding salt injury, ensuring a continuous
supply nutrient during the growing season, and producing products of better quality. In
1980, Pandosen reported that as the level of organic fertilizer is raised, the tubers
formation and the yield increased. This is because more were also absorption of nutrients
by plants leads to the development of heavier tubers considering that the other factors
were favorable.
Nutrition affect the rate of growth and state of readiness of plants to defend
themselves against pathogenic attack abundance of certain nutrients like nitrogen results
in the production of young succulent growth and may prolong the vegetative growth,
delay maturity of the plant make of more susceptible to pathogens that prefer to attack
such tissues for longer period (Follet, 1981).
In addition, Villace (1997) stated in his study that bush bean applied with chicken
manure before planting followed by urea and muriate of potash at hilling up gave the
highest percentage of pod set, weight of marketable pods per plot, computed yield per
hectare and return on investments (ROI). It had also highest average number of pods, but
did not differed significantly from the application of chicken manure before planting
followed by 14-14-14.
According to Sanchez 1980, organic matter improved the physical properties of
cultivated soils. It improved aggregate stability, bulk density and available water range.
Movement organic matter increased the porosity of heavy soil which in turn increased
water absorption and lessened water run-off leaching and erosion.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
7
Foliar Fertilizer has been found effective to plants because of they vary small
quantity of the chemical that has to be absorbed (Knott and Deanon, 1967). They added,
however, that the foliage of the vegetable is unable to absorb sufficient amount of the
three primary nutrients.
Effect of Liquid bio-fertilizer
Tocdangan (2007) stated that the application 1.5 ml liquid bio-fertilizer per 16 liters
of water significantly increased the lettuce yield than the farmer’s practice.
Likewise, Aglasi (2007) has reported that applying the liquid bio-fertilizer, 2.5 ml per 2
liter of water increased the marketable yield of carrot.
Cultural Practice for Beans
Soil tillage. The method preparing the land for beans is influenced by the season of
planting generally, the land is dug by grub hoe and bed on plot raised high in process,
after digging, the soil is pulverized and plots were raised 15 to 20 cm. At this point, the
plant maybe prepared into hours (HARRDEC, 1989). Weeding or removing of unwanted
plants is also important to beans so that it will not compete in the growing and absorption
of fertilizers to be applied. Irrigation also important depends on the moisture content of
the soil. It is important also during dry season most especially during the early stage
growth of snap beans.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
8
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used in the study were organic fertilizer materials (Siglat, Nbem,
Yama and Sagana 100), liquid bio-fertilizer (xtekh), garden tools, weighing scale,
measuring tape, identifying pegs, record book, etc.
Methods
The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications. The treatments were represented as follows:
Treatment Code Organic Fertilizers
Rate of Application
T1 N2.17%-P3.19%-K2.27% (Siglat) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T2 N2.8%-P3.95%-K3.66% (Nbem) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T3 N2.25%-P3.47%-K%2.28 (Yama (PCM) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T4 N5.9%-P6.22%-K8.1% (Sagana 100) 2.0 Kg per 5 sq m plot
T5 Farmer,s Practice ½ can chicken dung as base-
dress plus 357.14 g 14-14-14
per 5 sq m plot
T6 Control No Fertilizer Application
Land Preparation
An area of 90 m2 was prepared for the study. The plots was dug 1m x 5m.There
were 18 plots which was grouped into three to represent the three blocks or replications.
Each block had six plots to represent the treatments.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
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9
Planting the Seeds
Two seeds of (bush bean) ‘china 804’ were planted per hill at a distance of 25 cm in
row and 25 cm between rows. There were 20 hills per row or 40 hills per plot which was
planted with 80 seeds.
Fertilizer Application
All the four recommended rate of organic fertilizers as described in the treatments
were applied as base dress and mixed thoroughly to the soil before planting, except in the
farmers practice wherein ½ kerosene can of chicken dung was applied as base dress
before planting. And the 354.14g of T14 was applied as side dress at hilling up three
weeks after emergence. Liquid bio-fertilizer was sprayed 15 days after emergence at the
rate of 3 tbsp per 16 liters of water or 2.0 ml per liter of water except in control 6,
wherein no fertilizer application.
Irrigation
After planting the seeds the plots was irrigated with 64 liters of water each and this
was done every three days or twice a week.
Hilling-up
Hilling –up was done in all plots three weeks after emergence to cover growing
weeds.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
10
Data Gathered
The gathered, tabulated, computed and means subjected to separation test using the
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were the following:
1. Plant height (cm).Ten sample plants per plot were measured from the soil line to
the tip of the plant.
2. Number of pods per plant. Every harvest time, the pods were counted and
recorded and the total number of pods per plot was divided by the number of plants per
plot to get the number of pods per plant.
3. Length of pods (cm). Ten pods per plot were measured from the peduncle to the
stellar end and the summation was divided by 10 to get the average length of pods.
4. Weight of pods per plant (g). The total yield per plot was divided by the number
of plants per plot to get the weight of pods per plant.
5. Yield per plot (kg). This was the total weight of pods from the first harvest to the
last harvest of marketable and non-marketable pods.
6. Weight of marketable pods (kg). This was the weight of pods from first to the
last harvest without defect, which was sold to the market.
7. Weight of non-marketable pods (kg). This was the weight of pods from first to
last harvest with defects such as abnormally formed, very short, insect damaged or
curved.
8. Computed yield per hectare (tons). The yield per plot was converted to tons per
hectare by multiplying the yield per plot with 2000 then dividing by 1000. The 2000 is
the number of plots per hectare and the 1000 is the weight in kilogram per ton.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
11
9. Economic analysis. All the expenses incurred in the study was recorded such as
the value of seeds, fertilizers, labor, gasoline for watering, pesticides and others, these
expenses was deducted from the gross sales per plot and the net income will be computed
and the return on investment will be computed by using the formula:
Gross Sales per Plot – Expenses per Plot
ROI =
x 100
Expenses per Plot
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
12
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Height
Table shows the plant height of bush snap bean as affected by application of
organic materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. Plants applied with Nbem
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer had the tallest plant of 32.13 cm but their height
did not differ significantly from the plants applied with 1/2 kerosene can of chicken dung
+ 357.14 g T14 with 31.70 cm and plants applied with Siglat supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer with mean of 31.53cm.
Table 1. Plant height
TREATMENT MEAN
(cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 31.53abc
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 32.13a
Yama + liquid bio -fertilizer 26.30d
Sagana + liquid bio-fertilizer 31.07c
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 31.70ab
No fertilizer application 19.53e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
13
Results show that height of plants applied with different organic materials
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer differ significantly from the height of plants
without fertilizers.
Number of Pods per Plant
Significant differences were observed on the number of pods per plant as affected
by organic application supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (Table 2). Highest number
of 19.88 pods per plant was obtained in plants applied with Siglat supplemented with
liquid bio-fertilizer but their number of pods did not differ significantly from the plants
applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer with 19.85 pods per plant.
Table 2. Number of pods per plant
TREATMENT MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 19.88a
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 19.85a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 18.11b
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 18.80c
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 14.90d
No fertilizer application 10.26e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
14
However, the aforementioned numbers of pods per plant differed significantly
from the number of pods in other plants applied with different organic fertilizers and that
of plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14.
Results of this study showed that application of different organic materials
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer significantly increased the number of pods per
plant.
Length of Pods
Table 3 shows the length of pods as affected by organic application
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. Results show that application of different organic
materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer significantly increased the length of
pods.
Table 3. Length of pods
TREATMENT
MEAN
(cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 16.30c
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 17.50a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 15.67d
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 16.37c
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 17.20b
No fertilizer Application 15.17d
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
15
Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained the
longest pod of 17.50 cm and differ significantly from the pod length of plants applied
with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14 with 17.20 cm. On the other hand no
significant differences were observed on the pod length between plants applied with
Sagana 100 supplemented with liquid bio- fertilizer and plants applied with Siglat
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. It was also observed that the length of pods of
plants applied with different organic materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer
differed significantly from pod length of plants without fertilizer.
Weight of Pods per Plant
Statistical analysis showed significant differences on the weight of pods per
plant as affected by organic application supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (Table 4).
Plants applied with Siglat and Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained the
same weight of 0.14 kg per plant. But their pod weight did not differ significantly from
the pod weight of plants applied either with Yama and Sagana 100 supplemented with
liquid bio- fertilizer with a common pod weight of 0.13 kg. Likewise, pod weight of
plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14 did not differ
significantly from the pod weight of other plants applied with different organic fertilizers
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer.
Results of the study show that organic fertilization can significantly increase the
weight of pods.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
16
Table 4. Weight of pods per plant
TREATMENT MEAN
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.14a
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.14a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.13ab
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.13ab
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 0.12b
No fertilizer application 0.06c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Yield per Plot
Table 5 shows the yield per plot as affected by organic application supplemented
with liquid bio-fertilizer. Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-
fertilizer obtained the highest yield of 5.45 kg per plot but their yield per plot did not
differ significantly from the yield per plot obtained in plants applied with siglat and yama
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer with means of 5.28 and 5.00 kg respectively. All
the plants applied with different organic fertilizer supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer
did not differ significantly in their yield per plot but significantly differences were noted
when their yield per plot were compared in plants without fertilizer.
Results of the study showed that fertilization of different organic materials can
significantly increase the yield of bush snap bean ‘china 804’.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
17
Table 5. Yield per plot
MEAN
TREATMENT
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 5.28abc
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 5.45a
Yama + liquid bio- fertilizer 5.00abc
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.86bc
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 4.75c
No fertilizer application 2.34f
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Weight of Marketable Pods
Statistical analysis show significant differences on the weight of marketable pods
as affected by organic application supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (Table 6).
Highest marketable pods per plant was obtained in plants applied with Nbem
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer but their weight of marketable pods did not differ
significantly in the weight of marketable pods obtained in plants applied with the
different organic fertilizers supplemented with liquid with bio-fertilizer and that of plants
fertilized with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14.
Results show that the weight of marketable pods can be increased significantly
different by an application of the different organic fertilizers supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
18
Table 6. Weight of marketable pods
MEAN
TREATMENT
(kg)
Sigla + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.50abcd
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.53a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 4.13b
Sagana 100 +liquid bio-fertilizer 4.02bc
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 3.86bcd
No fertilizer application 1.79e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Weight of Non-marketable Pods
Table 7 shows the weight of non marketable pods as affected by organic
application supplemented with liquid bio fertilizer. Statistical analysis revealed
significant differences on the weight of non marketable pods. Plants applied with Nbem
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained the highest non-marketable pods of 0.92
kg and differed significantly on the weight of non-marketable pods of plants applied with
yama, sagana 100, siglat with supplemented with liquid bio- fertilizer with respective
means of 0.87, 0.84, and 0.78 kg. All these means differed significantly from the weight
of non-marketable pods in plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g
T14 and that of plants without fertilizer with 0.55 kg of non-marketable pods.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
19
Table 7. Weight of non-marketable pods
MEAN
TREATMENT
(kg)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.78e
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.92a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.87c
Sagana + liquid bio-fertilizer 0.84d
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 0.89b
No fertilizer application 0.55f
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Computed Yield per Hectare
Computed yield as affected by organic application supplemented with liquid
bio-fertilizer is shown in Table 8. Computed yield per ha of plants applied with different
organic materials supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer did not differ significantly from
the computed yield per ha of plants applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g
T14 but significantly differed from the computed yield/ha of plants without fertilizer.
Results showed that application of any kind of organic fertilizers supplemented
with liquid bio-fertilizer significantly increased the yield per hectare and their yield was
comparable with that of plants fertilized with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g
T14.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
20
Table 8. Computed yield per hectare
TREATMENT MEAN
(tons)
________________________________________________________________________
Siglat + liquid bio-fertilizer 10.57ab
Nbem + liquid bio-fertilizer 10.91a
Yama + liquid bio-fertilizer 10.00b
Sagana 100 + liquid bio-fertilizer 9.71bc
Chicken dung + 14-14-14 (Farmer’s practice) 9.50bcd
No fertilizer application 4.69e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 9 show the cost and return analysis as affected by organic application
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer. Results show significant differences among the
treatments. Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer obtained
highest ROI of 124.09 and did not differ significantly on the ROI of plants applied with
Siglat, and Yama, supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer with respective means of
122.60, 104.32 ROI/plot. However, ROI of 98.55 plants applied with Sagana 100
supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer did not differ significantly on the ROI in plants
applied with ½ kerosene can chicken dung + 357.14 g T14 with ROI of 90.97. All the
aforementioned ROI differed significantly from the ROI of 52.27 plants without
fertilizer.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
21
Table 9. Cost and Return Analysis
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Sales
310.73
312.8
284.97 277.15 266.57 123.74
Land Preparation
50
50
50
50
50
50
Seeds
31.26
31.26
31.26
31.26
31.26
31.26
Fertilizers
58.83
58.83
58.83
58.83
58.83
-
Total Expenses
139.59
139.59
139.59
39.59
139.59 81.26
ROI
122.60ab 124.09a 104.32ab 98.55c 90.97cd 52.25e
Selling Price= Php 23.00
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University Experiment area, Balili La
Trinidad, Benguet from November 2008 to January 2009 to determine the effect of
different organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of bush snap bean ‘china 804’, and to
asses the economics of applying the said fertilizers.
Results showed that application of different organic fertilizers supplemented with
liquid bio-fertilizer effected significant differences in plant height, length of pods, yield,
and ROI. Plants applied with Nbem supplemented with liquid bio fertilizer were the
tallest, had the longest and heaviest weight of marketable pods, highest computed yield at
10.91 t/ha and ROI of 124.09%. Application of Siglat plus liquid bio-fertilizer also
promoted growth, yield, and profitability.
Conclusion
Based on the result presented, the application of Nbem and Siglat supplemented
with liquid bio-fertilizer enhances the growth and yield of bush bean ‘China 804’ and
effected high return on investment.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
23
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended to apply Nbem or Siglat as base dress at 2 kg / 5m2
before planting bush bean ‘china 804’ and supplemented with liquid bio-fertilizer (x-
tekh) at 2 ml / l sprayed 15 days after emergence to enhance growth, yield, and obtained
higher profit.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
24
LITERATURE CITED
AGLASI, B. C. 2007. Growth, yield and profitability of carrot applied with varying rates
of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 23-24.
CABILATAZAN, M.R. 1980. Timing of NPK application on the seed production of
BaguioBean. BS Thesis. Mountain State Agricultural College, La Trinidad,
Benguet. 46 Pp.
CHOUNG M.G. 2003. CHOI B. R.; AN Y. N.; CHU Y. H.; CHO Y.S. 2003
Anthocyanin profile ofKoreancultivated kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J
Agric Food Chem19; 51(24):7040-3. 2006.
ERASQUIN, N. B. 1981. Fundamental of Horticulture. 3rd Edition. New York: Mc Graw
Hill. Inc. Pp. 66-70.
FOLLET, R.H. 1981.Fertilizer and Soil Amendments. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Pp.
459-460.
HARRDEC. 1989. Snap Bean Technoguide for Highlands. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-5.
KNOTT, J. E. And J. R. DEANON 1967. Vegetable production in Southeast Asia.
University of the Philippine, College of Agriculture, Los Baños. Laguna.5:70-96
KOSHIRO, O. 1990. The use of organic and chemical in Japan. Food and Fertilizer
Technology Center Extension Buil. Pp.14.
MARTIN, J. H. and W. H. LEONARD. 1970 Principles of Crop Production. New York:
McMillan Co. P. 681.
PCARRD. 1983. Vegetable, Legumes Research. Crop series no.5. UPLB, Laguna
SANCHEZ, A.D. 1980. Properties and Management of Soil in the Tropics New York:
John Wiley and Sons. 630 Pp.
SEB-ATEN. D.N.1997.Effecacy evaluation of 141012 and 181618 green bee foliar
fertilizer on the growth and yield of Snap Beans. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 24.
THOMPSON, H. C. 1978. Vegetable Crops. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. P. 543
TOCDANGAN, M. L. 2007.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
25
VILLACE, P.M. 1997. Evaluation of fertilizer application strategies on Bush Bean. BS
Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 58.
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
26
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant height (cm)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
31.7
31.6
31.3
96.6
31.53
T2
31.6
32.7
32.1
96.4
32.13
T3
25.3
26
27.6
78.9
26.30
T4
30.7
31.1
31.4
93.2
31.07
T5
31.9
31.1
32.1
95.1
31.70
T6
18.7
20.0
19.1
58.6
19.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
372.611
74.522
205.547
0.000
3.326
Block
2
1.701
0.851
2.346
0.346
4.103
Error
10
3.626
0.363
Total
17
377.938
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 2.097%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
27
Appendix Table 2. Number of pods per plant
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
19.38
20.82
19.44
56.64
19.88
T2
22.08
19.83
17.63
59.54
19.85
T3
20.45
17.31
16.58
54.34
18.11
T4
19.53
18.2
18.67
56.4
18.80
T5
14.08
14.61
16.03
44.72
14.91
T6
8.98
10.9
10.91
30.79
10.26
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM
SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
211.908
42.382
18.584
0.000
3.326
Block
2
2.293
1.147
0.503
0.619
4.103
Error
10
22.806
2.281
Total
17
237.007
s= Significant Coefficient of Variation = 8.90%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
28
Appendix Table 3. Length of pods (cm)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
16.1
16.3
16.5
48.9
16.30
T2
17.2
18.5
16.8
52.5
17.50
T3
15.6
16.2
15.2
47.0
15.67
T4
15.7
17.0
16.4
49.1
16.37
T5
17.1
17.5
17.0
51.6
17.20
T6
15.5
15.2
14.8
45.5
15.17
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
11.740
2.348
12.925
0.000
3.326
Block
2
1.583
0.792
4.358
0.044
4.103
Error
10
1.817
0.182
Total
17
15.140
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 2.604%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
29
Appendix Table 4. Weight of pods per plant (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.41
0.14
T2
0.17
0.13
0.13
0.43
0.14
T3
0.14
0.12
0.13
0.39
0.13
T4
0.13
0.14
0.12
0.39
0.13
T5
0.12
0.11
0.14
0.37
0.12
T6
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.19
0.06
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
0.013
0.003
14.481
0.000
3.326
Block
2
0.001
0.000
2.025
0.183
4.103
Error
10
0.002
0.000
Total
17
0.015
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 10.94%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
30
Appendix Table 5. Yield per plot (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
6.03
5.13
4.69
15.85
5.28
T2
6.4
4.96
5
16.36
5.45
T3
5.48
4.84
4.68
15
5.00
T4
5.2
4.95
4.42
14.57 4.86
T5
4.56
4.29
5.4
14.25 4.75
T6
2.75
2.5
1.78
7.03 2.34
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
19.604
3.921
17.641
0.000
3.326
Block
2
1.909
0.954
4.294
0.045
4.103
Error
10
2.223
0.222
Total
17
23.736
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 10.217%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
31
Appendix Table 6. Weight of marketable pods (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
5.48
4.18
3.85
13.51
4.50
T2
5.50
4.45
3.65
13.6
4.53
T3
4.38
3.99
4.02
12.39
4.13
T4
4.50
4.00
3.55
12.05
4.02
T5
3.80
3.64
4.15
11.59
3.86
T6
2.00
2.00
1.38
5.38
1.79
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
OF
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARE
F
Treatment
5
15.656
3.131
16.246
0.000
3.326
Block
2
2.218
1.109
5.753
0.022
4.103
Error
10
1.927
0.193
Total
17
19.801
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 11.53%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
32
Appendix Table 7. Weight of non-marketable pods (kg)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
T1
0.55
0.95
0.84
2.34
0.78
T2
0.9
0.51
1.35
2.76
0.92
T3
1.1
0.85
0.66
2.61
0.87
T4
0.7
0.95
0.87
2.52
0.84
T5
0.76
0.65
1.25
2.66
0.89
T6
0.75
0.5
0.4
1.65
0.55
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
0.273
0.055
0.719
0.624
3.326
Block
2
0.079
0.039
0.518
0.611
4.103
Error
10
0.759
0.076
Total
17
1.111
ns = Not significant Coefficient of Variation = 34.11%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
33
Appendix Table 8. Computed yield per hectare (tons)
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
12.06
10.26
9.38
31.70
10.57
T2
12.80
9.92
10.00
32.72
10.91
T3
10.96
9.68
9.36
30.00
10.00
T4
10.40
9.90
8.84
29.14
9.71
T5
9.12
8.58
10.8
28.50
9.50
T6
5.50
5.00
3.56
14.06
4.69
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
78.418
15.684
17.641
0.000
3.326
Block
2
7.634
3.817
4.294
0.045
4.103
Error
10
8.891
0.889
Total
17
94.943
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 10.217%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
34
Appendix Table 9. ROI per plot
R E P L I C A T I O N
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
T1
170.88
106.62
90.31
367.81
122.60
T2
171.87
119.97
80.42
372.26
124.09
T3
116.51
97.73
98.71
312.95
104.32
T4
122.44
97.72
75.49
295.65
98.55
T5
87.84
79.93
105.14
272.91
90.97
T6
69.80
69.80
17.17
156.77
52.27
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
P-
F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
VALUE CRITICAL
FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Treatment
5
38272.543 7654.509
16.261
0.000
3.326
Block
2
5414.123 2707.062
5.751
0.022
4.103
Error
10
4707.241
470.724
Total
17
48393.907
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation = 26.60%
Growth and Yield of Bush Bean ‘China 804’ as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials
Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer /Jayson G. Baldazan. 2009
Document Outline
- Growth and Yield of Bush Bean �China804� as Affected by Organic Fertilizer Materials Supplemented with Liquid Bio-fertilizer.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLES OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Plant Height
- Number of Pods per Plant
- Length of Pods
- Weight of Pods per Plant
- Yield per Plot
- Weight of Marketable Pods
- Weight of Non-marketable Pods
- Computed Yield per Hectare
- Cost and Return Analysis
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES