BIBLIOGRAPHY ABAWA, JULICIA S. May 2013....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABAWA, JULICIA S. May 2013. Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium
philippinensis), as Affected by Different Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at
Two Locations, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticultural Research Area, Benguet
State University, La Trinidad and Baculungan Sur, Buguias, Benguet, from September
2012 to determine the response of the Benguet Lily grown from different bulb size applied
with different kinds of organic fertilizers and to determine the best organic fertilizer/s for
the optimum growth and flowering of Benguet Lily grown from various bulb sizes at two
different locations.
Results showed that the final height at flowering of Benguet Lily, number of days
from transplanting to flower bud formation, stem thickness at harvest and stem length of
cutflowers were comparable in all plants grown from different bulb sizes and applied with
different organic fertilizers. However, results showed that Benguet Lily grown in mountain
soil applied with cattle manure as organic fertilizer had the best growth and was the best
organic fertilizer for the production of Benguet Lily cutflowers since it promoted the
production of the longest cutflower stems. Benguet Lily grown from 1.5 cm bulb size had
the tallest plants but had significantly delayed flowering. Benguet Lily grown from 3 cm
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
bulb sizes had the shortest stems but had the thickest stem diameter and were the earliest
to produce flowers.
Bulbs with 1.5 cm in diameter are therefore recommended for better cutflower
quality and 3 cm in diameter bulbs can be used as planting materials for earlier flowering
of Benguet Lily plants at both locations in BSU-Cabanao, La Trinidad and Baculungan
Sur, Buguias, Benguet.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Height of the Plant One (1)
Month After Transplanting
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed that there were no significant
differences on the plants as affected by different organic fertilizers grown at BSU-Cabanao
area. However, there were significant differences on the plants as affected by different
organic fertilizers grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition. Benguet lily plants
grown in mountain soil+ alnus leaves compost were the tallest with a mean of 10. 47 cm
followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil+ cattle manure with a mean of 8.
56 cm. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil+ horse manure were the shortest with a
mean of 7.72 cm.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
observed on the plants as affected by different bulb sizes grown on station. Benguet lily
plants grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm were the tallest with a mean of 9.33 cm followed by
Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm with a mean of 7. 83 cm. Results further
showed that Benguet lily grown from bulb size of 2.5 cm had the shortest plants with mean
of 5.33 cm. However, results showed that there were no significant differences on the initial
heights of Benguet lily plants as affected by different bulb sizes grown under Baculungan
Sur, Buguias condition.
Interaction effect. Results show that were no significant interaction effect obtained
between the three different organic fertilizers and the three different bulb sizes used with
regards to the initial height of the plant 1 month after transplanting grown at both locations
at Cabanao, BSU and Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 1: Initial height of the plant 1 month after transplanting (cm)
TREATMENT
INITIAL HEIGHT OF THE PLANT (cm)
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
7.28
10.47a
Cattle manure
7.67
8.56ab
Horse manure
7.56
7.72b
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
9.33a
8.83
2.5
5.33b
8.39
3
7.83a
9.52
CV (%)
28. 38
21. 94
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of organic fertilizer. Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences
observed on the plants as affected by different organic fertilizers grown at BSU-Cabanao
area. However, results show that there were significant differences on the final height of
plants as affected by different organic fertilizer grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias
condition. Benguet lily grown in mountain soil+ horse manure were the tallest at flowering
with a mean of 41. 76 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil+ cattle
manure with a mean of 39. 83 cm. Results show that Benguet lily plants grown in mountain
soil+ alnus leaves compost were the shortest at flowering with a mean of only 35. 28 cm.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Effect of bulb size. Results show that there were significant differences on the final
height of plants as affected by different bulb sizes grown on station. Benguet lily plants
grown from 1.5 cm of bulb size were the tallest at flowering with a mean of 37.28 followed
by Benguet lily grown from 3 cm of bulb size with a mean of 33. 28. Benguet lily plants
grown from 2.5 cm bulb size were the shortest at flowering with a mean of 33.00. Results
show that there were significant differences on the final heights of Benguet lily plants at
flowering as affected by different bulb sizes grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Benguet lily plants grown from 1.5 cm of bulb size were the tallest at flowering with a
mean of 41. 68 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown from 2.5 cm of bulb size with a
mean of 39. 092 cm. Benguet lily plants grown from 3 cm of bulb size were the shortest at
flowering with a mean of 36.11 cm and grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Interaction effect. Results show that there were no significant interaction effect
obtained between different organic fertilizers and different bulb sizes used with regards to
the final height at flowering of Benguet lily grown on station. However, there were highly
significant interaction effect obtained between different organic fertilizers and different
bulb sizes with regards to the final height of Benguet lily at flowering grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition as shown in Figure 3. Results show that Benguet lily
plants with a bulb size of 1.5 cm grown in mountain soil and applied with horse manure
were the tallest with a mean of 49.167 cm with regards to the final height at flowering.
These were followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil applied with cattle
manure with a bulb size of 2.5 cm, mean was 46. 17 cm. Benguet lily grown in mountain
soil+ alnus leaves compost had a mean of 41. 17cm. The other fertilizer treatments means
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
ranging from 31. 67 cm to 38. 67 cm with regards to final height at flowering grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Table 2: Final height at flowering (cm)
FINAL HEIGHT AT FLOWERING (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
34.44
35.28b
Cattle manure
32.67
39.83a
Horse manure
36.44
41.76a
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
37.28a
41.67a
2.5
33.00b
39.09ab
3
33.28b
36.11b
CV (%)
9. 83
10. 32
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
a
50
ab
45
bc
40
cd
cd cd
)
m
cd
35
(c
d
d
ring
30
Alnus leaves compost
t flowe
a
25
cattle manure
ight
horse manure
20
inal he
F
15
10
5
0
bulb size 1.5
bulb size 2.5
bulb size 3 cm
cm
cm
Figure 3. Final height at flowering (cm) as influenced by different bulbs sizes and different
organic fertilizers grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias. (Mean with a
common letter is not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT)
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Stem Diameter at Flowering (6 cm above ground)
Effect of organic fertilizer. Table 3 shows that were no significant differences on
the stem thickness of Benguet lily plants grown at both locations as affected by different
kinds of organic fertilizers applied.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
on the stem thickness of plants as affected by different bulb sizes used as planting materials
for plants grown at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm
had the thickest stems with a mean of 1. 46 cm. This was followed by Benguet lily plants
grown from 2.5 cm bulb size which had a mean of 1.16 cm. Results showed that Benguet
lily plants grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm had the thinnest stems which had a mean of 0.
86 cm. Results showed that there were highly significant differences on the stem thickness
of plants at flowering as affected by different bulb sizes for plants grown at Baculungan
Sur, Buguias. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm had the thickest stem
diameter with a mean of 2. 84 cm and was followed by Benguet lily plants grown from
bulb size of 2.5 cm with a mean of 1. 79 cm. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of
1.5 cm had the thinnest stem diameter with a mean of 1.58 cm which were grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Interaction effect. Results showed that there were no significant interaction effects
obtained between different organic fertilizers and different bulb sizes used with regards to
stem diameter at flowering and were grown at both locations, at BSU-Cabanao and at
Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 3. Stem diameter at flowering (cm)
STEM DIAMETER AT FLOWERING (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
0.86
1.90
Cattle manure
1.16
2.19
Horse manure
1.00
2.12
Bulb Size at planting (cm)
1.5
0.76b
1.58b
2.5
0.80b
1.79b
3
1.46a
2.84a
CV (%)
29. 32
22. 26
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Flower Bud Formation
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed highly significant differences on the
flowering of Benguet lily plants as affected by different organic fertilizers for those grown
at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with horse
manure had the longer duration of days to form flower bud with a mean of 173. 00 days
followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with cattle manure
which had a mean of 168. 78 days. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied
with alnus leaves compost were the earliest to form flower buds which wereobservedd after
a mean of 149. 67 days. Results showed that there were highly significant differences on
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
the flowering of plants as affected by different organic fertilizers grown under Baculungan
Sur, Buguias condition. Results showed that Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil
and applied with horse manure were the latest to form flower buds with a mean of 163. 78
days from planting of the bulbs. This was followed by Benguet lily plants grown in
mountain soil and applied with cattle manure with a mean of 161. 56 days. Benguet lily
plants grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost had significantly
flower bud formation with a mean of 153. 56 days from planting in those grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
in the Benguet lily plants as affected by different bulb size in those grown at BSU-Cabanao
area. Benguet lily plants grown from 1.5 cm bulb sizes were the latest to form flower buds
with a mean of 176. 89 days; followed by Benguet lily plants grown from bulb sizes 2.5
cm with a mean of 164. 33 days. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm were
the earliest to form flower buds with a mean of 150. 22 days. Results further showed that
there were highly significant differences on the flowering of Benguet lily plants as affected
by different bulb sizes for those grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias. Benguet lily plants
grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm were the latest to form flower buds with a mean of 176.44
days followed by Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 2.5 with a mean of 157.56
days. Benguet lily plants grown from 3 cm of bulb size were the earliest to form flower
bud with a mean of 144.78 days.
Results show that in both locations, significantly earlier flowering were recorded
in plants grown from 3 cm bulb sizes and the duration to flowering was significantly longer
with the corresponding reduction in the bulb size of the planting materials used.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING TO FLOWER BUD FORMATION
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
149.67c
153.56b
Cattle manure
168.78b
161.56a
Horse manure
173.00a
163.78a
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
176.89a
176.44a
2.5
164.33b
157.67b
3
150.22c
144.78c
CV (%)
2.51
3.21
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effect. There were highly significant interaction effects obtained
between different organic fertilizers applied and different bulb sizes used in planting with
regards to the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation in plants grown
at BSU-Cabanao area as shown in Figure 4. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and
applied with horse manure with a bulb size of 1.5 cm had significantly longer days from
transplanting to flower bud formation with a mean of 182. 33 days. This was followed by
Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil applied with cattle manure with a mean of 178.
33 days to flowering. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with horse
manure with a bulb size of 2.5 cm had the mean of 174. 00 days to flowering followed by
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil applied with cattle manure with a bulb size of
2.5 cm with a mean of 173.33 days from transplanting to flower bud formation. Benguet
lily grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost with a bulb size of 1.5
cm flowered after a mean of 170.00 days from transplanting followed by Benguet lily
grown in mountain soil and applied with horse manure with a bulb size of 3 cm with a
mean of 162. 67 days as compared to Benguet lily grown in mountain soil and applied with
cattle manure with a bulb size of 3 cm which flowered after a mean of 154. 67 days. Results
showed that Benguet lily grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost
with a bulb size of 2.5 cm flowered significantly earlier with a mean of 145.67 days from
planting. Benguet lily grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost with
a bulb size of 3 cm had the least number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation.
Significant delay was noted in the bud formation in Benguet lily plants grown in mountain
soil and applied with cattle manure with a bulb size of 1.5 cm and the earliest to form
flower buds was recorded in Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with
alnus leaves compost with a bulb size of 3 cm. However, results showed that there were no
significant effects noted on the plants with regards to the number of days from transplanting
to flower bud formation for those grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
200
a
ab
180
bc bc
c
d
160
e
f
140
g
r
120
Alnus leaves compost
100
ng to flowe
a
nti
on
80
cattle manure
nspl
ti
ra
orma
60
horse manure
om t
fr
bud f
ys
40
da
r of
20
Numbe
0
bulb size 1.5
bulb size 2.5
bulb size 3 cm
cm
cm
Figure 4. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation as influenced by
bulbs size and different organic fertilizers for Benguet lily grown at BSU-
Cabanao area. (Mean with a common letters is not significantly different at 5%
level by DMRT)
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Tight Bud Stage
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results show that there were no significant differences
on the plants with regards to duration of flower developmet as affected by the different
organic fertilizers applied when grown at both locations at BSU-Cabanao and at
Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
on the flower development in Benguet lily plants as affected by the different bulb size used
as planting materials for those grown at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown
from bulb size of 1.5 cm had the longest duration of flower development from flower bud
formation to tight bud stage with a mean of 29. 33 days. This was followed by Benguet lily
plants grown from a bulb size of 2.5 cm with a mean of 27. 78 days. Benguet lily plants
grown from bulb size of 3 cm were the earliest to reach tight bud stage from flower bud
formation with a mean of 25. 11 days. However, results show that there were no significant
differences on the Benguet lily plants as affected by different bulb sizes when grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias area.
Interaction effect. Results show that there were no significant interaction effects
obtained between different organic fertilizers and the different bulb sizes used as planting
materials with regards to number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage
when grown at both locations, BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 5. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage
DAYS FROM FLOWER BUD FORMATION TO TIGHT BUD
TREATMENT
ST AT
AG B
E SU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
27.22
29.22
Cattle manure
27.78
28.22
Horse manure
27.22
27.89
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
29.33a
29.67
2.5
27.78a
28.00
3
25.11b
27.67
CV (%)
8.15
8.95
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Stem Length of Cutflowers at Harvest
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed that there were highly significant
differences on the stem length of cutflowers harvested as affected by the different organic
fertilizers applied for those grown at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown in
mountain soil and applied with cattle manure were the tallest with a mean of 28. 78 cm.
This was followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus
leaves compost with a mean of 25.56 cm. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and
applied with horse manure were the shortest with a mean of only 24. 22 cm. However,
results showed that there were no significant differences on the plants grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Effect of bulb size. Results show that there were no significant differences observed
on the flower development of Bengue lily plants as affected by the different bulb sizes
grown when under BSU-Cabanao area. However, significant differences were obtained on
plants as affected by the different bulb sizes when grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias
condition. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm were the tallest with a mean
of 35. 55 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 2.5 cm with a mean
of 31. 89 cm. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm were the shortest with a
mean of 30. 78 cm.
Interaction effect. There were significant interaction effects obtained between the
different organic fertilizers and the different bulb sizes for plants grown at BSU-Cabanao
as shown in Figure 5. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with cattle
manure with a bulb size of 2.5 cm were the tallest with regards to stem length of cutflowers
at harvest with a mean of 33.00 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil
and applied with cattle manure which had a bulb size of 1.5 cm and a mean of 27. 00 cm
stems. The other treatments had stem lengths ranging from 23.67 cm to 26.33 cm at harvest.
However, results show that there were no significant interaction effects obtained between
different organic fertilizers and different bulb sizes used with regards to stem length of
cutflowers at harvest grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 6. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (cm)
STEM LENGTH OF CUTFLOWER AT HARVEST (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
25.56b
31.33
Cattle manure
28.78a
32.22
Horse manure
24.22b
34.67
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
25.67
35.56a
2.5
27.00
31.89b
3
25.89
30.78b
CV (%)
8.32
9.95
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
35
c
m)
30
st (
b
b b
ve
25
b
b
b
a
t har
r
s
20
Alnus leaves
compost
15
cattle manure
utflowe
c
10
5
tem length of
S
0
bulb size 1.5 cm
bulb size 2.5 cm
bulb size 3 cm
Figure 5. Stem length of cutflowers at harvest (cm) as influenced by bulbs size and different
organic fertilizers applied and grown at BSU-Cabanao. (Mean with a common
letters is not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT)
Length of Flowers at Tight Bud Stage
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed that there were no significant
differences noted on the plants as affected by the different organic fertilizers for Benguet
lily plants grown at both locations at BSU-Cabanao and at Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Effect of bulb size. Table 7, likewise shows that there were no significant
differences on the plants as affected by different bulb sizes as planting materials for plants
grown at both locations at BSU-Cabanao and at Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Interaction effect. Likewise, results show that there were no significant interaction
effects obtained between the combined effects of the different organic fertilizers and the
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 7. Length of flowers at tight bud stage (cm)
LENGTH OF FLOWERS AT TIGHT BUD STAGE (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN
SUR, BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
8.44
10.39
Cattle manure
8.33
10.69
Horse manure
9.11
9.80
Bulb size at Planting (cm)
1.5
8.28
10.36
2.5
8.72
9.91
3
9.39
10.61
CV (%)
17. 83
12.55
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
different bulb sizes with regards to the length of flowers at tight bud stage for the plants
grown at BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Occurrence of Insect Pests and
Diseases for the Cropping Period
There were no diseases observed throughout the cropping period but the occurrence
of insect pests had greatly affected the growth of Benguet lily. Aphids affected greatly the
growth of Benguet lily plants. It devoured some of the leaves of the plants during their
vegetative stage.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Initial Soil Analysis
Table 8 shows that mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost had the highest
pH of 5.68 and 1:1 mountain soil applied with cattle manure was the most acidic with a
mean pH of 4.09. Results show mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost had the
highest percentage of organic matter with a mean of 19.97 followed by mountain soil
applied with horse manure with a mean of 16.5. Results further show that mountain soil
applied with cattle manure had the least organic matter with a mean of 16.38, while
mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost had the highest percentage of Nitrogen
with a mean of 0.68, followed by mountain soil applied with cattle manure with a mean of
0.63 and mountain soil applied with horse manure with a mean of 0.58. Mountain soil
applied with alnus leaves compost had the highest Phosphorous content with a mean of
689.80 ppm while mountain soil applied with cattle manure had the least Phosphorous
content with a mean of 428.15 ppm. The highest Potassium content was obtained on
mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost with a mean of 604. 87 ppm; followed by
mountain soil applied with horse manure with a mean of 465.495 ppm
Table 8. Initial soil analysis
TREATMENT
Ph
OM%
N%
P (ppm)
K (ppm)
Mountain soil with
5.68 19.97
0.68 689.80
604.87
Alnus Leaves
Compost
Mountain soil with
4.09 16.38
0.63 428.15
326.12
Cattle Manure
Mountain soil with
4.88 16.5
0.58 558.975
465.495
Horse manure
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Meteorological Data
BSU-Cabanao. Meteorological data as shown in Table 9 was obtained at the BSU
PAG-ASA Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2012 to April 2013. Relative
humidity decreased from October to February and had increased from March to April. The
maximum and minimum temperatures were the highest during the month of April while
the rest of the growing season experienced low temperatures during the months of October
to February. Rainfall was highest during the month of September with 155.92 mm while
the month of February had the longest sunshine duration of 6.328 hours.
Table 9. Meteorological data BSU-Cabanao (Data from BSU-PAGASA Station)
MONTHS
TEMPERATURE (OC)
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
MAXIMUM
(%)
(hours)
MINIMUM
September
23.98
17.45
88.33
00155.96
4.263
October
23.7
15.1
82.13
00021
5.685
November
24.2
15.2
80.53
00141
6.331
December
24.2
14.5
80.61
00001
6.295
January
23.7
12.3
80.45
00005
6.0
February
24.3
13.7
80.11
00001
6.3283
March
25.5
16.9
83.16
00025
5.0766
April
26.3
16.32
83.25
0046.5
6.2083
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Baculungan Sur, Buguias. The meteorological data from September 2012 to April
2013 as shown in Table 10 shows the maximum and minimum temperatures were the
highest during the month of April. Relative humidity had decreased during the month of
September and February. January had the shortest sunshine duration of only 2.247 hours
while the month of September had the highest rainfall of 9.94 mm.
Table 10. Meteorological Data Baculungan Sur, Buguias
MONTHS
TEMPERATURE (OC)
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
MAXIMUM
(%)
(hours)
MINIMUM
September
24.25
14.01
95.45
9.94
4.9033
October
23.07
12.38
96.03
5.1
3.8783
November
24.66
10.77
98.53
1.14
4.2516
December
23.36
10.90
97.64
0.56
3.4966
January
22.26
9.03
97.74
1.17
2.2466
February
23.88
10.28
95.62
0.42
3.1466
March
24.96
10.96
99.41
8.68
3.87
April
25.96
11.86
99.75
4.55
2.5966
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The growth and flowering of Benguet Lily as affected by different bulb sizes at
planting time were grown at two locations were applied with different organic fertilizers
such as alnus leaves compost, cattle manure, horse manure. Bulb sizes used were 1.5 cm,
2.5 cm and 3 cm. These were grown in mountain soil with different organic fertilizers:
alnus leaves compost, cattle manure and horse manure. The study aims to evaluate the
effectiveness of the different kind of organic fertilizers applied on the growth and flowering
of Benguet lily. The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area,
Benguet State University and Baculungan Sur, Buguias, Benguet from September 2012 to
April 2013.
Results show that among the three bulb sizes as planting materials of Benguet lily
plants grown under BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias; bulb size of 1.5 cm had
the tallest plant height at flowering but had significantly delayed flowering after 182 days
compared to the other bulb sizes used. The shortest cutflowers harvested but had a thicker
stem diameter at 164 days from transplanting, were measured from the Benguet lily plants
grown from bulb size of 2.5cm. However, Benguet lily grown under Buguias condition had
different responses in terms of growth and flowering as compared to those grown under
BSU condition. Bulb size 1.5 cm had the tallest plants and longest cutflower stems with a
mean of 41.68 cm after 164 days compared to other bulb sizes. The shortest cutflower
stems but had the thickest stem diameter were obtained from the bulb sizes of 3 cm with a
mean of 36.11 but were the earliest to form flower buds.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
With regards to the effect of organic fertilizers applied, the heights of plants
measured were significantly increased with the application of the different organic
fertilizers. The tallest of the plant were measured in the Benguet lily grown in mountain
soil applied with horse manure; while the shortest plants were obtained on the Benguet lily
plants grown in mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost under BSU-Cabanao
condition. There were no significant differences noted on the plants with regards to final
height when grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition. The differences obtained in
the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation were highly significant on
the plants as affected by the different organic fertilizers applied for those grown under
BSU-Cabanao. Those grown in Mountain soil and applied with cattle manure had the
longest days from transplanting to flowering. The earliest plants to flower were obtained
in the plants grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost.
Significant interaction effects were obtained on the stem length of cutflowers at
harvest. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with cattle manure had the
tallest cutflower stems, while the shortest were measured from the Benguet lily grown in
mountain soil applied with horse manure under BSU-Cabanao. There were no significant
effects on stem length of cutflowers at harvest stage for plants grown at Baculungan Sur,
Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Conclusion
Based on the findings, it is concluded that Benguet lily grown in mountain soil
applied with cattle manure as fertilizer is the best organic fertilizer for the production of
Benguet lily since it promoted the production of taller plants with long cutflower stems that
can demand higher price in the market.
Bulb sizes to be used are based on the purpose of the grower. If the growers wish
to produce a longer cutflower stems, 1.5cm in diameter bulb size should be used as planting
materials suitable for BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias, Benguet condition.
Recommendation
Application of cattle manure is therefore recommended for better growth and
flowering of Benguet lily. If the grower wishes to produce good quality cutflowers with
long stems in Benguet lily, it is recommended that bulb sizes of 1.5 cm in diameter sould
be used as planting materials and Benguet lily bulb bsize of 3 cm for earlier flowering for
Benguet lily cutflower production.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
LITERATURE CITED
ARTAJO, E.A. 2000, City of Dipolog: Dipolog Flowers. Retrieved on November 1, 1999
URL:http;//www.slipnet/-ger/g.pages/phbatanes01.html.
ASUNCION, R.G.,K.R. FLORES and F.D. SAN MIGUEL Jr.1976. Introduction to
Floriculture and Landscape Gardening. Practical Arts in Agricultural Arts. Sta.
Cruz, Manila: Saint Mary Pub. Pp 50, 63.
BIRD, R. 1991. Lilies. 6 Blundell Street, London. Quintet Publishing Limited. Pp. 23, 25.
BRADY, N.C. 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 10th Ed. New York: McMillan
Pub. Co. Inc. P. 294.
CIMATU, F.E. 2000. What’s the Story of Benguet Lily? Philippine Daily Inquirer 15:75.
URL:http//www.inquire.net/issues/feb22/features/fea_4.htm. Accessed on June
2010.
HERMANO, F.G. Sr. 2000. Lily Production. Commercial Production Techno Guide for
Highland Philippines. A consultant Manual. Pp. 33-36.
KINOSHITA, O.1972. Vegetable Crop Production in the Subtropic and Tropic. Tokyo,
Japan. Overseas Technical Cooperative Agency. Pp. 1, 3-7, 15-17.
MARCELINO,C.B. 1995. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the yield of NCT.8
Japonica Variety. BS Thesis (Unpub.) Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. Pp. 4-6.
MILLER, W. B. 1992. Easter and Hybrid Lily Production. Hongkong Timber Press, Inc.
Pp. 28-29.
OLARTE, A. 2000. Battle for official flower of goes on. Philippine Daily
Inquirer February 28, 2001. Pp. 17-18.
PELKONEN, V.P. 2005. Boitechnological Approaches in Lily (Lilium) Production.
Academic Disertation, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
RIMANDO, T.J. 2001. Ornamental Horticultural: A little Grant in the Topics Seameo
SEARCA and UPLB College. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 110.
SUBIDO, P.S. 1955. Fundamentals of Crop Production. Manila: Philippine Book
Company. Pp. 1-50.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
ABAWA, JULICIA S. May 2013. Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium
philippinensis), as Affected by Different Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at
Two Locations, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticultural Research Area, Benguet
State University, La Trinidad and Baculungan Sur, Buguias, Benguet, from September
2012 to determine the response of the Benguet Lily grown from different bulb size applied
with different kinds of organic fertilizers and to determine the best organic fertilizer/s for
the optimum growth and flowering of Benguet Lily grown from various bulb sizes at two
different locations.
Results showed that the final height at flowering of Benguet Lily, number of days
from transplanting to flower bud formation, stem thickness at harvest and stem length of
cutflowers were comparable in all plants grown from different bulb sizes and applied with
different organic fertilizers. However, results showed that Benguet Lily grown in mountain
soil applied with cattle manure as organic fertilizer had the best growth and was the best
organic fertilizer for the production of Benguet Lily cutflowers since it promoted the
production of the longest cutflower stems. Benguet Lily grown from 1.5 cm bulb size had
the tallest plants but had significantly delayed flowering. Benguet Lily grown from 3 cm
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
bulb sizes had the shortest stems but had the thickest stem diameter and were the earliest
to produce flowers.
Bulbs with 1.5 cm in diameter are therefore recommended for better cutflower
quality and 3 cm in diameter bulbs can be used as planting materials for earlier flowering
of Benguet Lily plants at both locations in BSU-Cabanao, La Trinidad and Baculungan
Sur, Buguias, Benguet.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Height of the Plant One (1)
Month After Transplanting
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed that there were no significant
differences on the plants as affected by different organic fertilizers grown at BSU-Cabanao
area. However, there were significant differences on the plants as affected by different
organic fertilizers grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition. Benguet lily plants
grown in mountain soil+ alnus leaves compost were the tallest with a mean of 10. 47 cm
followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil+ cattle manure with a mean of 8.
56 cm. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil+ horse manure were the shortest with a
mean of 7.72 cm.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
observed on the plants as affected by different bulb sizes grown on station. Benguet lily
plants grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm were the tallest with a mean of 9.33 cm followed by
Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm with a mean of 7. 83 cm. Results further
showed that Benguet lily grown from bulb size of 2.5 cm had the shortest plants with mean
of 5.33 cm. However, results showed that there were no significant differences on the initial
heights of Benguet lily plants as affected by different bulb sizes grown under Baculungan
Sur, Buguias condition.
Interaction effect. Results show that were no significant interaction effect obtained
between the three different organic fertilizers and the three different bulb sizes used with
regards to the initial height of the plant 1 month after transplanting grown at both locations
at Cabanao, BSU and Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 1: Initial height of the plant 1 month after transplanting (cm)
TREATMENT
INITIAL HEIGHT OF THE PLANT (cm)
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic Fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
7.28
10.47a
Cattle manure
7.67
8.56ab
Horse manure
7.56
7.72b
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
9.33a
8.83
2.5
5.33b
8.39
3
7.83a
9.52
CV (%)
28. 38
21. 94
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of organic fertilizer. Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences
observed on the plants as affected by different organic fertilizers grown at BSU-Cabanao
area. However, results show that there were significant differences on the final height of
plants as affected by different organic fertilizer grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias
condition. Benguet lily grown in mountain soil+ horse manure were the tallest at flowering
with a mean of 41. 76 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil+ cattle
manure with a mean of 39. 83 cm. Results show that Benguet lily plants grown in mountain
soil+ alnus leaves compost were the shortest at flowering with a mean of only 35. 28 cm.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Effect of bulb size. Results show that there were significant differences on the final
height of plants as affected by different bulb sizes grown on station. Benguet lily plants
grown from 1.5 cm of bulb size were the tallest at flowering with a mean of 37.28 followed
by Benguet lily grown from 3 cm of bulb size with a mean of 33. 28. Benguet lily plants
grown from 2.5 cm bulb size were the shortest at flowering with a mean of 33.00. Results
show that there were significant differences on the final heights of Benguet lily plants at
flowering as affected by different bulb sizes grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Benguet lily plants grown from 1.5 cm of bulb size were the tallest at flowering with a
mean of 41. 68 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown from 2.5 cm of bulb size with a
mean of 39. 092 cm. Benguet lily plants grown from 3 cm of bulb size were the shortest at
flowering with a mean of 36.11 cm and grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Interaction effect. Results show that there were no significant interaction effect
obtained between different organic fertilizers and different bulb sizes used with regards to
the final height at flowering of Benguet lily grown on station. However, there were highly
significant interaction effect obtained between different organic fertilizers and different
bulb sizes with regards to the final height of Benguet lily at flowering grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition as shown in Figure 3. Results show that Benguet lily
plants with a bulb size of 1.5 cm grown in mountain soil and applied with horse manure
were the tallest with a mean of 49.167 cm with regards to the final height at flowering.
These were followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil applied with cattle
manure with a bulb size of 2.5 cm, mean was 46. 17 cm. Benguet lily grown in mountain
soil+ alnus leaves compost had a mean of 41. 17cm. The other fertilizer treatments means
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
ranging from 31. 67 cm to 38. 67 cm with regards to final height at flowering grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Table 2: Final height at flowering (cm)
FINAL HEIGHT AT FLOWERING (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
34.44
35.28b
Cattle manure
32.67
39.83a
Horse manure
36.44
41.76a
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
37.28a
41.67a
2.5
33.00b
39.09ab
3
33.28b
36.11b
CV (%)
9. 83
10. 32
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
a
50
ab
45
bc
40
cd
cd cd
)
m
cd
35
(c
d
d
ring
30
Alnus leaves compost
t flowe
a
25
cattle manure
ight
horse manure
20
inal he
F
15
10
5
0
bulb size 1.5
bulb size 2.5
bulb size 3 cm
cm
cm
Figure 3. Final height at flowering (cm) as influenced by different bulbs sizes and different
organic fertilizers grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias. (Mean with a
common letter is not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT)
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Stem Diameter at Flowering (6 cm above ground)
Effect of organic fertilizer. Table 3 shows that were no significant differences on
the stem thickness of Benguet lily plants grown at both locations as affected by different
kinds of organic fertilizers applied.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
on the stem thickness of plants as affected by different bulb sizes used as planting materials
for plants grown at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm
had the thickest stems with a mean of 1. 46 cm. This was followed by Benguet lily plants
grown from 2.5 cm bulb size which had a mean of 1.16 cm. Results showed that Benguet
lily plants grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm had the thinnest stems which had a mean of 0.
86 cm. Results showed that there were highly significant differences on the stem thickness
of plants at flowering as affected by different bulb sizes for plants grown at Baculungan
Sur, Buguias. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm had the thickest stem
diameter with a mean of 2. 84 cm and was followed by Benguet lily plants grown from
bulb size of 2.5 cm with a mean of 1. 79 cm. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of
1.5 cm had the thinnest stem diameter with a mean of 1.58 cm which were grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Interaction effect. Results showed that there were no significant interaction effects
obtained between different organic fertilizers and different bulb sizes used with regards to
stem diameter at flowering and were grown at both locations, at BSU-Cabanao and at
Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 3. Stem diameter at flowering (cm)
STEM DIAMETER AT FLOWERING (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
0.86
1.90
Cattle manure
1.16
2.19
Horse manure
1.00
2.12
Bulb Size at planting (cm)
1.5
0.76b
1.58b
2.5
0.80b
1.79b
3
1.46a
2.84a
CV (%)
29. 32
22. 26
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Flower Bud Formation
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed highly significant differences on the
flowering of Benguet lily plants as affected by different organic fertilizers for those grown
at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with horse
manure had the longer duration of days to form flower bud with a mean of 173. 00 days
followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with cattle manure
which had a mean of 168. 78 days. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied
with alnus leaves compost were the earliest to form flower buds which wereobservedd after
a mean of 149. 67 days. Results showed that there were highly significant differences on
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
the flowering of plants as affected by different organic fertilizers grown under Baculungan
Sur, Buguias condition. Results showed that Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil
and applied with horse manure were the latest to form flower buds with a mean of 163. 78
days from planting of the bulbs. This was followed by Benguet lily plants grown in
mountain soil and applied with cattle manure with a mean of 161. 56 days. Benguet lily
plants grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost had significantly
flower bud formation with a mean of 153. 56 days from planting in those grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
in the Benguet lily plants as affected by different bulb size in those grown at BSU-Cabanao
area. Benguet lily plants grown from 1.5 cm bulb sizes were the latest to form flower buds
with a mean of 176. 89 days; followed by Benguet lily plants grown from bulb sizes 2.5
cm with a mean of 164. 33 days. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm were
the earliest to form flower buds with a mean of 150. 22 days. Results further showed that
there were highly significant differences on the flowering of Benguet lily plants as affected
by different bulb sizes for those grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias. Benguet lily plants
grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm were the latest to form flower buds with a mean of 176.44
days followed by Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 2.5 with a mean of 157.56
days. Benguet lily plants grown from 3 cm of bulb size were the earliest to form flower
bud with a mean of 144.78 days.
Results show that in both locations, significantly earlier flowering were recorded
in plants grown from 3 cm bulb sizes and the duration to flowering was significantly longer
with the corresponding reduction in the bulb size of the planting materials used.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING TO FLOWER BUD FORMATION
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
149.67c
153.56b
Cattle manure
168.78b
161.56a
Horse manure
173.00a
163.78a
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
176.89a
176.44a
2.5
164.33b
157.67b
3
150.22c
144.78c
CV (%)
2.51
3.21
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effect. There were highly significant interaction effects obtained
between different organic fertilizers applied and different bulb sizes used in planting with
regards to the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation in plants grown
at BSU-Cabanao area as shown in Figure 4. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and
applied with horse manure with a bulb size of 1.5 cm had significantly longer days from
transplanting to flower bud formation with a mean of 182. 33 days. This was followed by
Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil applied with cattle manure with a mean of 178.
33 days to flowering. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with horse
manure with a bulb size of 2.5 cm had the mean of 174. 00 days to flowering followed by
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil applied with cattle manure with a bulb size of
2.5 cm with a mean of 173.33 days from transplanting to flower bud formation. Benguet
lily grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost with a bulb size of 1.5
cm flowered after a mean of 170.00 days from transplanting followed by Benguet lily
grown in mountain soil and applied with horse manure with a bulb size of 3 cm with a
mean of 162. 67 days as compared to Benguet lily grown in mountain soil and applied with
cattle manure with a bulb size of 3 cm which flowered after a mean of 154. 67 days. Results
showed that Benguet lily grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost
with a bulb size of 2.5 cm flowered significantly earlier with a mean of 145.67 days from
planting. Benguet lily grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost with
a bulb size of 3 cm had the least number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation.
Significant delay was noted in the bud formation in Benguet lily plants grown in mountain
soil and applied with cattle manure with a bulb size of 1.5 cm and the earliest to form
flower buds was recorded in Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with
alnus leaves compost with a bulb size of 3 cm. However, results showed that there were no
significant effects noted on the plants with regards to the number of days from transplanting
to flower bud formation for those grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
200
a
ab
180
bc bc
c
d
160
e
f
140
g
r
120
Alnus leaves compost
100
ng to flowe
a
nti
on
80
cattle manure
nspl
ti
ra
orma
60
horse manure
om t
fr
bud f
ys
40
da
r of
20
Numbe
0
bulb size 1.5
bulb size 2.5
bulb size 3 cm
cm
cm
Figure 4. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation as influenced by
bulbs size and different organic fertilizers for Benguet lily grown at BSU-
Cabanao area. (Mean with a common letters is not significantly different at 5%
level by DMRT)
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Tight Bud Stage
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results show that there were no significant differences
on the plants with regards to duration of flower developmet as affected by the different
organic fertilizers applied when grown at both locations at BSU-Cabanao and at
Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Effect of bulb size. Results showed that there were highly significant differences
on the flower development in Benguet lily plants as affected by the different bulb size used
as planting materials for those grown at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown
from bulb size of 1.5 cm had the longest duration of flower development from flower bud
formation to tight bud stage with a mean of 29. 33 days. This was followed by Benguet lily
plants grown from a bulb size of 2.5 cm with a mean of 27. 78 days. Benguet lily plants
grown from bulb size of 3 cm were the earliest to reach tight bud stage from flower bud
formation with a mean of 25. 11 days. However, results show that there were no significant
differences on the Benguet lily plants as affected by different bulb sizes when grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias area.
Interaction effect. Results show that there were no significant interaction effects
obtained between different organic fertilizers and the different bulb sizes used as planting
materials with regards to number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage
when grown at both locations, BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 5. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage
DAYS FROM FLOWER BUD FORMATION TO TIGHT BUD
TREATMENT
ST AT
AG B
E SU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
27.22
29.22
Cattle manure
27.78
28.22
Horse manure
27.22
27.89
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
29.33a
29.67
2.5
27.78a
28.00
3
25.11b
27.67
CV (%)
8.15
8.95
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Stem Length of Cutflowers at Harvest
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed that there were highly significant
differences on the stem length of cutflowers harvested as affected by the different organic
fertilizers applied for those grown at BSU-Cabanao area. Benguet lily plants grown in
mountain soil and applied with cattle manure were the tallest with a mean of 28. 78 cm.
This was followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus
leaves compost with a mean of 25.56 cm. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and
applied with horse manure were the shortest with a mean of only 24. 22 cm. However,
results showed that there were no significant differences on the plants grown under
Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Effect of bulb size. Results show that there were no significant differences observed
on the flower development of Bengue lily plants as affected by the different bulb sizes
grown when under BSU-Cabanao area. However, significant differences were obtained on
plants as affected by the different bulb sizes when grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias
condition. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 1.5 cm were the tallest with a mean
of 35. 55 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 2.5 cm with a mean
of 31. 89 cm. Benguet lily plants grown from bulb size of 3 cm were the shortest with a
mean of 30. 78 cm.
Interaction effect. There were significant interaction effects obtained between the
different organic fertilizers and the different bulb sizes for plants grown at BSU-Cabanao
as shown in Figure 5. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with cattle
manure with a bulb size of 2.5 cm were the tallest with regards to stem length of cutflowers
at harvest with a mean of 33.00 cm followed by Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil
and applied with cattle manure which had a bulb size of 1.5 cm and a mean of 27. 00 cm
stems. The other treatments had stem lengths ranging from 23.67 cm to 26.33 cm at harvest.
However, results show that there were no significant interaction effects obtained between
different organic fertilizers and different bulb sizes used with regards to stem length of
cutflowers at harvest grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 6. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (cm)
STEM LENGTH OF CUTFLOWER AT HARVEST (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN SUR,
BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
25.56b
31.33
Cattle manure
28.78a
32.22
Horse manure
24.22b
34.67
Bulb Size at Planting (cm)
1.5
25.67
35.56a
2.5
27.00
31.89b
3
25.89
30.78b
CV (%)
8.32
9.95
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
35
c
m)
30
st (
b
b b
ve
25
b
b
b
a
t har
r
s
20
Alnus leaves
compost
15
cattle manure
utflowe
c
10
5
tem length of
S
0
bulb size 1.5 cm
bulb size 2.5 cm
bulb size 3 cm
Figure 5. Stem length of cutflowers at harvest (cm) as influenced by bulbs size and different
organic fertilizers applied and grown at BSU-Cabanao. (Mean with a common
letters is not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT)
Length of Flowers at Tight Bud Stage
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results showed that there were no significant
differences noted on the plants as affected by the different organic fertilizers for Benguet
lily plants grown at both locations at BSU-Cabanao and at Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Effect of bulb size. Table 7, likewise shows that there were no significant
differences on the plants as affected by different bulb sizes as planting materials for plants
grown at both locations at BSU-Cabanao and at Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Interaction effect. Likewise, results show that there were no significant interaction
effects obtained between the combined effects of the different organic fertilizers and the
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Table 7. Length of flowers at tight bud stage (cm)
LENGTH OF FLOWERS AT TIGHT BUD STAGE (cm)
TREATMENT
AT BSU-CABANAO
AT BACULUNGAN
SUR, BUGUIAS
Kind of Organic fertilizer
Alnus leaves compost
8.44
10.39
Cattle manure
8.33
10.69
Horse manure
9.11
9.80
Bulb size at Planting (cm)
1.5
8.28
10.36
2.5
8.72
9.91
3
9.39
10.61
CV (%)
17. 83
12.55
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
different bulb sizes with regards to the length of flowers at tight bud stage for the plants
grown at BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias.
Occurrence of Insect Pests and
Diseases for the Cropping Period
There were no diseases observed throughout the cropping period but the occurrence
of insect pests had greatly affected the growth of Benguet lily. Aphids affected greatly the
growth of Benguet lily plants. It devoured some of the leaves of the plants during their
vegetative stage.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Initial Soil Analysis
Table 8 shows that mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost had the highest
pH of 5.68 and 1:1 mountain soil applied with cattle manure was the most acidic with a
mean pH of 4.09. Results show mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost had the
highest percentage of organic matter with a mean of 19.97 followed by mountain soil
applied with horse manure with a mean of 16.5. Results further show that mountain soil
applied with cattle manure had the least organic matter with a mean of 16.38, while
mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost had the highest percentage of Nitrogen
with a mean of 0.68, followed by mountain soil applied with cattle manure with a mean of
0.63 and mountain soil applied with horse manure with a mean of 0.58. Mountain soil
applied with alnus leaves compost had the highest Phosphorous content with a mean of
689.80 ppm while mountain soil applied with cattle manure had the least Phosphorous
content with a mean of 428.15 ppm. The highest Potassium content was obtained on
mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost with a mean of 604. 87 ppm; followed by
mountain soil applied with horse manure with a mean of 465.495 ppm
Table 8. Initial soil analysis
TREATMENT
Ph
OM%
N%
P (ppm)
K (ppm)
Mountain soil with
5.68 19.97
0.68 689.80
604.87
Alnus Leaves
Compost
Mountain soil with
4.09 16.38
0.63 428.15
326.12
Cattle Manure
Mountain soil with
4.88 16.5
0.58 558.975
465.495
Horse manure
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Meteorological Data
BSU-Cabanao. Meteorological data as shown in Table 9 was obtained at the BSU
PAG-ASA Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2012 to April 2013. Relative
humidity decreased from October to February and had increased from March to April. The
maximum and minimum temperatures were the highest during the month of April while
the rest of the growing season experienced low temperatures during the months of October
to February. Rainfall was highest during the month of September with 155.92 mm while
the month of February had the longest sunshine duration of 6.328 hours.
Table 9. Meteorological data BSU-Cabanao (Data from BSU-PAGASA Station)
MONTHS
TEMPERATURE (OC)
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
MAXIMUM
(%)
(hours)
MINIMUM
September
23.98
17.45
88.33
00155.96
4.263
October
23.7
15.1
82.13
00021
5.685
November
24.2
15.2
80.53
00141
6.331
December
24.2
14.5
80.61
00001
6.295
January
23.7
12.3
80.45
00005
6.0
February
24.3
13.7
80.11
00001
6.3283
March
25.5
16.9
83.16
00025
5.0766
April
26.3
16.32
83.25
0046.5
6.2083
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Baculungan Sur, Buguias. The meteorological data from September 2012 to April
2013 as shown in Table 10 shows the maximum and minimum temperatures were the
highest during the month of April. Relative humidity had decreased during the month of
September and February. January had the shortest sunshine duration of only 2.247 hours
while the month of September had the highest rainfall of 9.94 mm.
Table 10. Meteorological Data Baculungan Sur, Buguias
MONTHS
TEMPERATURE (OC)
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
MAXIMUM
(%)
(hours)
MINIMUM
September
24.25
14.01
95.45
9.94
4.9033
October
23.07
12.38
96.03
5.1
3.8783
November
24.66
10.77
98.53
1.14
4.2516
December
23.36
10.90
97.64
0.56
3.4966
January
22.26
9.03
97.74
1.17
2.2466
February
23.88
10.28
95.62
0.42
3.1466
March
24.96
10.96
99.41
8.68
3.87
April
25.96
11.86
99.75
4.55
2.5966
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The growth and flowering of Benguet Lily as affected by different bulb sizes at
planting time were grown at two locations were applied with different organic fertilizers
such as alnus leaves compost, cattle manure, horse manure. Bulb sizes used were 1.5 cm,
2.5 cm and 3 cm. These were grown in mountain soil with different organic fertilizers:
alnus leaves compost, cattle manure and horse manure. The study aims to evaluate the
effectiveness of the different kind of organic fertilizers applied on the growth and flowering
of Benguet lily. The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area,
Benguet State University and Baculungan Sur, Buguias, Benguet from September 2012 to
April 2013.
Results show that among the three bulb sizes as planting materials of Benguet lily
plants grown under BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias; bulb size of 1.5 cm had
the tallest plant height at flowering but had significantly delayed flowering after 182 days
compared to the other bulb sizes used. The shortest cutflowers harvested but had a thicker
stem diameter at 164 days from transplanting, were measured from the Benguet lily plants
grown from bulb size of 2.5cm. However, Benguet lily grown under Buguias condition had
different responses in terms of growth and flowering as compared to those grown under
BSU condition. Bulb size 1.5 cm had the tallest plants and longest cutflower stems with a
mean of 41.68 cm after 164 days compared to other bulb sizes. The shortest cutflower
stems but had the thickest stem diameter were obtained from the bulb sizes of 3 cm with a
mean of 36.11 but were the earliest to form flower buds.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
With regards to the effect of organic fertilizers applied, the heights of plants
measured were significantly increased with the application of the different organic
fertilizers. The tallest of the plant were measured in the Benguet lily grown in mountain
soil applied with horse manure; while the shortest plants were obtained on the Benguet lily
plants grown in mountain soil applied with alnus leaves compost under BSU-Cabanao
condition. There were no significant differences noted on the plants with regards to final
height when grown under Baculungan Sur, Buguias condition. The differences obtained in
the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation were highly significant on
the plants as affected by the different organic fertilizers applied for those grown under
BSU-Cabanao. Those grown in Mountain soil and applied with cattle manure had the
longest days from transplanting to flowering. The earliest plants to flower were obtained
in the plants grown in mountain soil and applied with alnus leaves compost.
Significant interaction effects were obtained on the stem length of cutflowers at
harvest. Benguet lily plants grown in mountain soil and applied with cattle manure had the
tallest cutflower stems, while the shortest were measured from the Benguet lily grown in
mountain soil applied with horse manure under BSU-Cabanao. There were no significant
effects on stem length of cutflowers at harvest stage for plants grown at Baculungan Sur,
Buguias condition.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
Conclusion
Based on the findings, it is concluded that Benguet lily grown in mountain soil
applied with cattle manure as fertilizer is the best organic fertilizer for the production of
Benguet lily since it promoted the production of taller plants with long cutflower stems that
can demand higher price in the market.
Bulb sizes to be used are based on the purpose of the grower. If the growers wish
to produce a longer cutflower stems, 1.5cm in diameter bulb size should be used as planting
materials suitable for BSU-Cabanao and Baculungan Sur, Buguias, Benguet condition.
Recommendation
Application of cattle manure is therefore recommended for better growth and
flowering of Benguet lily. If the grower wishes to produce good quality cutflowers with
long stems in Benguet lily, it is recommended that bulb sizes of 1.5 cm in diameter sould
be used as planting materials and Benguet lily bulb bsize of 3 cm for earlier flowering for
Benguet lily cutflower production.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013
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Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily, (Lilium philippinensis), as Affected by Different
Bulb Sizes and Organic Fertilizers Application at Two Locations |
ABAWA, JULICIA S. MAY 2013