BIBLIOGRAPHY BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013. Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky
Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of Vermicompost Tea. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Silvestre L. Kudan, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted under greenhouse condition of Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet from November 2012 to April 2013 to evaluate the yield of broccoli as affected
by different concentrations of vermicompost tea and identify the best concentrations of
vermicompost tea in broccoli production.
Results revealed that broccoli applied with 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea was the
earliest to produce curd, had the highest curd diameter, produced the heaviest marketable
yield and average curd weight, had the highest percentage of harvested plants and highest
net income that resulted in the highest return on cash expenses. It was also recorded that
in organic production of broccoli, Php 59.00 was spent to produce one kilogram of curd.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Curd Appearance
Initial curd appearance was first observed on Broccoli applied with 2.0 liters of
vermicompost tea followed by Broccoli with no vermicompost tea application, 0.5 and 1.0
liters have identical days to initial curd appearance while the plants applied with 1.5 liters
had the longest duration, but the 54 to 59 days did not differ significantly (Table 1).
First and Last Curd Harvest
Table 1 shows no significant differences observed on broccoli applied with the
different concentrations of vermicompost tea. However, broccoli applied with 2.0 and 1.5
liters of vermicompost tea was the first to be harvested.
Table 1. Number of days from transplanting to initial curd appearance, first curd
harvest, last curd harvest of broccoli applied with different concentrations
of vermicompost tea
DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING
TREATMENT
INITIAL CURD FIRST CURD LAST CURD
APPEARANCE
HARVEST
HARVEST
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
54a
67 a
88 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
59a
67 a
89 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
56 a
68 a
86 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
56 a
69 a
88 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
55 a
69 a
87 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Final Height at Harvest
The final height of broccoli was measured from the base of the main stem to the
top of the curd before harvest as shown in Figure 4. Table 2 shows the height of the broccoli
applied with different concentrations of vermicompost tea at maturity. Statistically, there
were no significant differences in height among the broccoli studied. The similar height
among the plants may be due to the high nutrient contents in the soil as shown by the soil
analysis before land preparation and after harvesting in Table 3. The area converted to
organic in 2007 had been continuously applied with organic matter which cannot already
show differences in growth and yield.
Table 2. Final height at harvest of broccoli applied with different concentrations
of vermicompost tea
TREATMENT
FINAL HEIGHT AT HARVEST
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
34.47 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
34.03 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
33.50 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
33.30 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
33.17 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Figure 4. Final height of broccoli measured before harvest
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Soil Analysis
The slight differences in the final height of the broccoli applied with different
vermicompost tea may be due to the presence of nutrient elements in the soils enough to
support the plants as shown in the soil samples analysis (Table 3). The area utilized in the
study had been continuously applied with compost since 2003 and then converted to
organic farming practices in 2008 which might explain the slight differences in final height
among the broccoli applied with different vermicompost tea. Fig. 3 shows the crop stand
from the different vermicompost tea applied with similar final height.
Table 3. Soil analysis results from the Department of Agriculture Soil Laboratory in
Baguio City
SOILS ANALYSIS
PH
OM
P
K
%
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before Planting
6.03
6
172
1180
After Planting
6.43
2.5
185
928
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
7.28
3.75
180
836
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
6.44
5
181
1100
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
4.99
5
177
950
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
6.08
3.75
175
836
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Curd Diameter and Average Weight of Curd
As presented in Table 4, there was a corresponding increase in curd diameter as the
concentration of vermicompost was increased. However, the differences observed were not
significant . Similarly, the average weight of curd increased as the vermicompost tea was
increased but the differences among the treatments were not significant.
Table 4. Curd diameter (cm) and average weight (g) of curd of broccoli applied with
different concentrations of vermicompost tea
AVERAGE
TREATMENT
CURD DIAMETER WEIGHT OF CURD
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
17.70 a
228.38 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
17.44 a
226.99 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
17.13 a
225.26 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
16.70 a
200.61 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
16.36 a
182.52 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Figure 5. Curd diameter measured after harvested
Figure 6. Mushroom cut type of harvesting broccoli
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Percentage of Harvested Plants
There were no significant differences on the percentage of plants that produce curds
which were harvested as presented in Table 5. The percentages of plants with harvested
curds did not attain 100%. Some of the transplanted seedlings did not survive up to curd
formation. There was club root infestation and the shoots of the transplanted seedlings were
eaten by larvae of diamond back moth.
Weight of Marketable and
Non-Marketable Curds
Table 6 shows the weight of marketable curds which did not differ significantly.
However, similar to the curd diameter and average weight of curds, the trend was
increasing as the concentration of vermicompost tea applied was increased.
On the other hand, the weight of non-marketable curds were slightly different
among the treatments as shown in Table 6. Lagman (2003) reported that organic matter
content of vermicompost supplies the nitrogen required for plant growth. It serves as an
energy source for microfloral and microfaunal organisms. The worm produces pounds of
nitrogen during the growing period. Likewise, De La Cruz (2009), mentioned that slow
release of nutrients from organic fertilizers minimize nutrient losses resulting to efficient
uptake by the crops that leads to higher yield. Aside from its nutrient supplying capacity,
vermicompost has excellent structure, aeration, and high water holding capacity. These
conditions of the soil are favourable for crop growth and development.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Table 5. Percentage of broccoli head harvested
TREATMENT
HARVESTED PLANTS
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
71.44 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
64.31 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
64.29 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
63.12 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
62.95 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Table 6. Weight of marketable and non-marketable broccoli head
NON-
TREATMENT
MARKETABLE
MARKETABLE
(kg)
(g)
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
4536.67 a
450.00 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
4370.00 a
566.67 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
4463.33 a
333.33 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
4045.00 a
566.67 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
3625.00 a
683.00 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Treatment 2
Treatment 1
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Treatment 3
Treatment 4
Treatment
5
Figure 7. Curd samples harvested from the different treatments of vermicompost tea
concentrations
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 7 shows that the application of 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea + 14 liters of
water followed by 1.0 liter vermicompost tea + 14.5 liters water, plants with no
vermicompost tea application and the 0.5 liter vermicompost tea + 15.5 liters water. This
result did not established a trend which is expected where in the net income decreases as
the concentration decreased.
Based on the weight of curd harvested and the total expenses, the production cost
was Php 59.63. This means that Php 59.63 was spent to produce 1.0 kilogram of broccoli.
Table 7. Cost and return analysis of broccoli applied with different concentrations of
vermicompost tea
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
ITEMS
VERMICOMPOST TEA CONCENTRATION (LITER)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
A.MARKETABLE
13.610
13.110
13.390
12.135
10.875
YIELD (kg)
B. SALES
1361.00
1311.00
1339.00
1213.50 1087.50
C. EXPENSES(Php)
1. Seeds
27.50
27.50
27.50
27.50
27.50
2. Muscovado
83.75
83.75
83.75
83.75
-
3. Vermicompost
12.25
12.25
12.25
12.25
-
4. Labor
270.00
270.00
270.00
270.00
270.00
5. Irrrigation
220.32
220.32
220.32
220.32
220.32
6. Depreciation cost
153.06
153.06
153.06
153.06
153.06
7. Packaging
5.44
5.24
5.35
4.85
4.35
materials
TOTAL EXPENSES
772.32
772.12
772.23
771.73
675.23
NET INCOME
588.68
538.88
566.77
441.77
412.27
ROCE(%)
76.20
69.79
73.39
57.24
61.05
Rank
1
3
2
5
4
Note: The selling price of broccoli during harvest was Php 100.00 per kilo.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from
November 2012 to May 2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of broccoli ‘Lucky Miracle’
applied with different concentrations of vermicompost tea, identify the best concentration
of vermicompost tea that will produce the highest yield and to determine the profitability
of using vermicompost tea in broccoli production.
Results of the study showed that broccoli applied with 2.0 liters of vermicompost
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Tea + 14 liters water produced the heavier yield, taller plants, and application of bigger
curds compared to plants that were not applied with vermicompost tea. In profitability,
higher concentrations from 1.0 to 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea obtained the higher net
incomes than application of 0.5 liter vermicompost tea and the plants without
vermicompost tea application.
Results shown, that to produce 1.0 kg of broccoli curd, Php 59.63 was spent.
Conclusion
Based from the results presented and discussed, application of 2.0 liters
vermicompost tea + 14 liters water enhanced better yield and higher net income in broccoli
production.
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended that 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea diluted in 14 liters
of water should be used in organic production of broccoli to obtain higher yield and income.
It is also recommended that these findings should be verified because of missing hills from
the third replication.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
LITERATURE CITED
ABOEN, R. M. Jr. 2009. VermicompostProduction by Different Animal Manure and
Earthworm Densities. BS Thesis (Unpub.). Benguet State University, La Trinindad,
Benguet. Pp. 3-6
ACME WORM FARM.2002. Tropical Vermiculture. New Society Publisher. Pp. 10-11
ADORADA, J. L. 2007. Assessment of Vermicomposting as a Waste Management
Technology and a Livelihood Alternative. Ms. Thesis (Unpub.). College, Laguna:
UPLB. P144
ARTZEN, J.C. 1974. Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science.Academic press, Ney York.
Vol. 1:328, 335
BHAWAN, J. 2002. Pyramid Vermicast. The Pyramid Farm, Rajusthan, India. Pp. 7-8.
BIADNO, S. G. 2001. Yield PerformanceOf Seven Broccoli Entries UnderKabayan,
Benguet. BS thesis (unpub). BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp 34-35.
CAVENDER, N. D., ATIYEH, R. M AND KNEE, M. 2001. Department of Horticulture
and Crop Science. Ohio State Universitiy, Howlett Hall, Columbos.
DE LA CRUZ, R.T. 2004. Growing Vegetable Organically, BAR – Reserarch and
Development Digest. Bureau of Agricultur Research, Deapartment of Agriculture.
Pp 1, 2 and 9.
EDMOND, J.B., T. L. STENN, F.S. ANDREWS and R. G. HALFACRE. 1997.
Fundamentals of Horticulture. MC Graw-hill, Inc. New York, P.417.
JOUBERT, W. and R. Fair. 2008. SA Biofarm Institute, South Africa. Retrieved from
http://www.capevermicast.com/vermicast.php.
LAGMAN, C. A. Jr. 2003. Performance of Selected Horticultural Crops using formulated
vermicompost as growing medium. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 25-
26.
LAUREAN, C.P. and BADAYOS, R. B. 2009.Development of Simplified Key to Soil
Series Identification as a Tool to the Establishment of Suitable Crop/Agricultural
Production System in Benguet.In proceeding: Agency In-house Review.Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.Pp. 333 -370.
LITTLE, A. G. 2008.Vermicompost-Mediate Host Plant Generation and Specialist
Lepidopteous. Retrieved September 15, 2012 from http./www.leca.enfeoxcom/esa
/techprogrampaper 38743.htm.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
MC COLLUM, J. P. 1973. Encylcopedia Americana. New York. Encyclopedia American
Corp.4:587
MICALLER, E. C.1995. Ways to Avoid Cancer. Philippine Star. 1x (330): E3
PAATAN, B. H. 1997. Effect of Different Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Some
Postharvest Characteristics of Broccoli or Prominence.BS thesis (unpub). BSU, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
PLASTER, E. J. 1997. Soil Science and Management.3rd ed. Delmar publishers,
International/Thomson publishing Inc. Pp. 133, 235 and 242.
PLEVEY, G. 2009. Benefits of Worm Tea.Retrieved December 5,2012 from
http/www.wormtea.com.au/worm_tea_benefits.Html.
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 2010.Vermicompost and Flow
ThroughVermicompost Bins. Retrieved from www.wormwigwam.com
TAN, A. S. 1975. Compost Marketing: The Industrial Life.University of the Philippines,
Los Banos, Laguna. P. 28
WARE, G. W. 1975.Production of Vegetable Crops. ND ed. New York:The Inter State
Printers and Publisher Inc. Pp. 507-508.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013. Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky
Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of Vermicompost Tea. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Silvestre L. Kudan, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted under greenhouse condition of Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet from November 2012 to April 2013 to evaluate the yield of broccoli as affected
by different concentrations of vermicompost tea and identify the best concentrations of
vermicompost tea in broccoli production.
Results revealed that broccoli applied with 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea was the
earliest to produce curd, had the highest curd diameter, produced the heaviest marketable
yield and average curd weight, had the highest percentage of harvested plants and highest
net income that resulted in the highest return on cash expenses. It was also recorded that
in organic production of broccoli, Php 59.00 was spent to produce one kilogram of curd.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Curd Appearance
Initial curd appearance was first observed on Broccoli applied with 2.0 liters of
vermicompost tea followed by Broccoli with no vermicompost tea application, 0.5 and 1.0
liters have identical days to initial curd appearance while the plants applied with 1.5 liters
had the longest duration, but the 54 to 59 days did not differ significantly (Table 1).
First and Last Curd Harvest
Table 1 shows no significant differences observed on broccoli applied with the
different concentrations of vermicompost tea. However, broccoli applied with 2.0 and 1.5
liters of vermicompost tea was the first to be harvested.
Table 1. Number of days from transplanting to initial curd appearance, first curd
harvest, last curd harvest of broccoli applied with different concentrations
of vermicompost tea
DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING
TREATMENT
INITIAL CURD FIRST CURD LAST CURD
APPEARANCE
HARVEST
HARVEST
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
54a
67 a
88 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
59a
67 a
89 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
56 a
68 a
86 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
56 a
69 a
88 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
55 a
69 a
87 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Final Height at Harvest
The final height of broccoli was measured from the base of the main stem to the
top of the curd before harvest as shown in Figure 4. Table 2 shows the height of the broccoli
applied with different concentrations of vermicompost tea at maturity. Statistically, there
were no significant differences in height among the broccoli studied. The similar height
among the plants may be due to the high nutrient contents in the soil as shown by the soil
analysis before land preparation and after harvesting in Table 3. The area converted to
organic in 2007 had been continuously applied with organic matter which cannot already
show differences in growth and yield.
Table 2. Final height at harvest of broccoli applied with different concentrations
of vermicompost tea
TREATMENT
FINAL HEIGHT AT HARVEST
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
34.47 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
34.03 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
33.50 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
33.30 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
33.17 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Figure 4. Final height of broccoli measured before harvest
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Soil Analysis
The slight differences in the final height of the broccoli applied with different
vermicompost tea may be due to the presence of nutrient elements in the soils enough to
support the plants as shown in the soil samples analysis (Table 3). The area utilized in the
study had been continuously applied with compost since 2003 and then converted to
organic farming practices in 2008 which might explain the slight differences in final height
among the broccoli applied with different vermicompost tea. Fig. 3 shows the crop stand
from the different vermicompost tea applied with similar final height.
Table 3. Soil analysis results from the Department of Agriculture Soil Laboratory in
Baguio City
SOILS ANALYSIS
PH
OM
P
K
%
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before Planting
6.03
6
172
1180
After Planting
6.43
2.5
185
928
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
7.28
3.75
180
836
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
6.44
5
181
1100
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
4.99
5
177
950
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
6.08
3.75
175
836
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Curd Diameter and Average Weight of Curd
As presented in Table 4, there was a corresponding increase in curd diameter as the
concentration of vermicompost was increased. However, the differences observed were not
significant . Similarly, the average weight of curd increased as the vermicompost tea was
increased but the differences among the treatments were not significant.
Table 4. Curd diameter (cm) and average weight (g) of curd of broccoli applied with
different concentrations of vermicompost tea
AVERAGE
TREATMENT
CURD DIAMETER WEIGHT OF CURD
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
17.70 a
228.38 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
17.44 a
226.99 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
17.13 a
225.26 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
16.70 a
200.61 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
16.36 a
182.52 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Figure 5. Curd diameter measured after harvested
Figure 6. Mushroom cut type of harvesting broccoli
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Percentage of Harvested Plants
There were no significant differences on the percentage of plants that produce curds
which were harvested as presented in Table 5. The percentages of plants with harvested
curds did not attain 100%. Some of the transplanted seedlings did not survive up to curd
formation. There was club root infestation and the shoots of the transplanted seedlings were
eaten by larvae of diamond back moth.
Weight of Marketable and
Non-Marketable Curds
Table 6 shows the weight of marketable curds which did not differ significantly.
However, similar to the curd diameter and average weight of curds, the trend was
increasing as the concentration of vermicompost tea applied was increased.
On the other hand, the weight of non-marketable curds were slightly different
among the treatments as shown in Table 6. Lagman (2003) reported that organic matter
content of vermicompost supplies the nitrogen required for plant growth. It serves as an
energy source for microfloral and microfaunal organisms. The worm produces pounds of
nitrogen during the growing period. Likewise, De La Cruz (2009), mentioned that slow
release of nutrients from organic fertilizers minimize nutrient losses resulting to efficient
uptake by the crops that leads to higher yield. Aside from its nutrient supplying capacity,
vermicompost has excellent structure, aeration, and high water holding capacity. These
conditions of the soil are favourable for crop growth and development.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Table 5. Percentage of broccoli head harvested
TREATMENT
HARVESTED PLANTS
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
71.44 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
64.31 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
64.29 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
63.12 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
62.95 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Table 6. Weight of marketable and non-marketable broccoli head
NON-
TREATMENT
MARKETABLE
MARKETABLE
(kg)
(g)
2.0 liters vermicompost tea
4536.67 a
450.00 a
1.5 liters vermicompost tea
4370.00 a
566.67 a
1.0 liters vermicompost tea
4463.33 a
333.33 a
0.5 liters vermicompost tea
4045.00 a
566.67 a
No vermicompost tea (Control)
3625.00 a
683.00 a
Means in a column with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Treatment 2
Treatment 1
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Treatment 3
Treatment 4
Treatment
5
Figure 7. Curd samples harvested from the different treatments of vermicompost tea
concentrations
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 7 shows that the application of 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea + 14 liters of
water followed by 1.0 liter vermicompost tea + 14.5 liters water, plants with no
vermicompost tea application and the 0.5 liter vermicompost tea + 15.5 liters water. This
result did not established a trend which is expected where in the net income decreases as
the concentration decreased.
Based on the weight of curd harvested and the total expenses, the production cost
was Php 59.63. This means that Php 59.63 was spent to produce 1.0 kilogram of broccoli.
Table 7. Cost and return analysis of broccoli applied with different concentrations of
vermicompost tea
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
ITEMS
VERMICOMPOST TEA CONCENTRATION (LITER)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
A.MARKETABLE
13.610
13.110
13.390
12.135
10.875
YIELD (kg)
B. SALES
1361.00
1311.00
1339.00
1213.50 1087.50
C. EXPENSES(Php)
1. Seeds
27.50
27.50
27.50
27.50
27.50
2. Muscovado
83.75
83.75
83.75
83.75
-
3. Vermicompost
12.25
12.25
12.25
12.25
-
4. Labor
270.00
270.00
270.00
270.00
270.00
5. Irrrigation
220.32
220.32
220.32
220.32
220.32
6. Depreciation cost
153.06
153.06
153.06
153.06
153.06
7. Packaging
5.44
5.24
5.35
4.85
4.35
materials
TOTAL EXPENSES
772.32
772.12
772.23
771.73
675.23
NET INCOME
588.68
538.88
566.77
441.77
412.27
ROCE(%)
76.20
69.79
73.39
57.24
61.05
Rank
1
3
2
5
4
Note: The selling price of broccoli during harvest was Php 100.00 per kilo.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from
November 2012 to May 2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of broccoli ‘Lucky Miracle’
applied with different concentrations of vermicompost tea, identify the best concentration
of vermicompost tea that will produce the highest yield and to determine the profitability
of using vermicompost tea in broccoli production.
Results of the study showed that broccoli applied with 2.0 liters of vermicompost
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
Tea + 14 liters water produced the heavier yield, taller plants, and application of bigger
curds compared to plants that were not applied with vermicompost tea. In profitability,
higher concentrations from 1.0 to 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea obtained the higher net
incomes than application of 0.5 liter vermicompost tea and the plants without
vermicompost tea application.
Results shown, that to produce 1.0 kg of broccoli curd, Php 59.63 was spent.
Conclusion
Based from the results presented and discussed, application of 2.0 liters
vermicompost tea + 14 liters water enhanced better yield and higher net income in broccoli
production.
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended that 2.0 liters of vermicompost tea diluted in 14 liters
of water should be used in organic production of broccoli to obtain higher yield and income.
It is also recommended that these findings should be verified because of missing hills from
the third replication.
Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
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Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013
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Yield of Broccoli Variety ‘Lucky Miracle’ Applied with Different Concentrations of
Vermicompost Tea | BAUTISTA, FERNANDO B. MAY 2013