BIBLIOGRAPHY ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013. Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as
affected by row orientation grown in between Citrus trees. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang, Msc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University, Horticulture Laboratory
Area, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2012 to March 2013 to determine the best
chickpea variety grown as intercrop in between citrus trees, to determine the best row
orientation in the yield of chickpea; and to determine the interaction effect of variety and
row orientation on the growth and yield of chickpea.
Findings showed significant differences among the different row orientations
followed in this study with regards to average plant height at flowering, average number
of pods per plant, biomass weight and weight of 100 seeds. Chickpea planted in a northeast
to southwest row orientation produced the tallest plants at flowering, highest number of
pods per plant, heaviest biomass and the heaviest weight of 100 seeds. Chickpea planted
in east to west row orientation were the earliest to mature.
Among the different varieties of chickpea grown in the study, ICCV 95334 (Kabuli
Type) was the earliest to reach 50% flowering and mature and had the highest harvest
index. ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the tallest plants at flowering, had the highest
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
number of pods per plant, weight of marketable seeds per plot, highest seed yield per plot,
and computed seed yield per hectare (t/ha), heaviest biomass and weight of 100 seeds.
ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted on a northwest to southeast row orientation
produced the highest weight of marketable seed and total seed yield, computed seed yield
per hectare (t/ha) and heaviest biomass.
Based on the findings of the study, ICCV 93954, a Desi type of chickpea can be
productively grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation under La Trinidad, Benguet
condition.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Number of Days from Planting to 50% Flowering
Effect of variety. Highly significant differences were observed on the number of
days from planting to 50% flowering of chickpea as affected by the different varieties of
chickpea used. ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) were the earliest to reach 50% flowering with a
mean of 51.69 days from planting while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) took longer days to attain
50% flowering having a mean of 66.13 days from planting. Findings show that Kabuli type
chickpea produced flowers earlier than the desi type cultivars (Table 1 and Figure 5).
Effect of row orientation. There were no significant differences noted on the
number of days from planting to 50% flowering of chickpea as affected by the different
row orientation used. The number of days from planting to 50% flowering ranged from
57.63 to 59.88 days. Results showed that different row orientation did not affect the number
of days from planting to 50% flowering.
Interaction effect. The interaction effects between the different row orientation used
and different varieties of chickpea used in the number of days from planting to 50%
flowering of chickpea were significant. Results revealed that ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type)
planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation flowered earlier after 48.25 days while
ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in north to south row orientation had more days to reach
50% flowering which was after a mean of 67 days.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 1. Number of days from planting to 50% flowering of two varieties of chickpea
planted in different row orientations
TREATMENT
Days from planting to
50% flowering
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
51.69b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
66.13a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
59.63a
North to South Direction
58.5a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
59.88a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
57.63a
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
8.38
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
80
a
a
a
70
a
East to West Direction
60
b
b
b
b
North to South
50
Direction
f days
o
Northeast to
er
40
b
Southwest Direction
m
u
Northwest to
N
30
Southeast Direction
20
10
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea varieties
Figure 8. Number of days from planting to 50% flowering
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Number of Days from Planting to Maturity
Effect of variety. Highly significant differences were observed on the number of
days from planting to maturity of chickpea as affected by the different varieties of chickpea
grown. ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) were the earliest to mature with a mean of 141.25 days
from planting while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) were the latest to mature with a mean of
154.13 days from planting. Results showed that Kabuli type varieties matured earlier than
desi type chickpea (Table 2 and Figure 6).
Bautista et al. (1983) pointed that each variety contains a set of genetic make-up
which determines the earliness of maturity and attributed to the varietal characteristics of
the different cultivars.
Effect of row orientation. Differences obtain in the number of days from planting
to maturity of chickpea as affected by the different row orientation used were highly
significant. Chickpea plants grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation were the
latest to mature with a mean of 155.5 days from planting, while chickpea plants grown in
east to west row orientation were the earliest to mature with a mean of 142 days from
planting.
Interaction effect. The interaction effects between the different row orientation used
and different varieties of chickpea used on the number of days from planting to maturity
were significant. Results revealed that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in northwest to
southeast row orientation were the latest to mature after 160 days from planting while
ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) planted in east to west row orientation were the earliest to
mature after 135 days from planting.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 2. Number of days from planting to maturity of two variety planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Days from planting to
maturity
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
141.25b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
154.13a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
142ab
North to South Direction
143.25b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
155.5a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
150ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
4.80
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
165
ab ab a a
160
155
a
150
East to West Direction
f days
145 o
North to South Direction
er
b
bc
140 mu
c
Northeast to Southwest
N
c
Direction
135
Northwest to Southeast
Direction
130
125
120
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 9. Number of days from planting to maturity
Average Plant Height at Flowering
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Effect of variety. Differences obtained in the average plant height at flowering of
chickpea as affected by the different varieties used were highly significant (Table 2). ICCV
93954 (Desi type) were the tallest plants at flowering with a mean of 30.43 cm while ICCV
95334 (Kabuli type) were the shortest plants at flowering with a mean of 26.76 cm.
Findings show that Desi type cultivars produced taller plants at flowering than Kabuli type
chickpea.
The observed differences among the chickpea varieties further indicated their
differential adaptability to local conditions as well as their inherent height potential.
Furthermore, Desi varieties are taller naturally than Kabuli type varieties.
Effect of row orientation. There were significant differences noted on the average
plant height at flowering of chickpea as affected by the different row orientation used.
Chickpea planted in a northeast to southwest row orientation produced the tallest plants at
flowering with an average of 30.35 cm while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the shortest plants with an average of 26.3cm.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences on the
average plant height at flowering of chickpea as affected by the interaction between the
different row orientation used and the different chickpea varieties grown. Results revealed
that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced
the tallest plants with a mean of 32.9 cm while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) planted in a
north to south row orientation produced the shortest plants at 26.3 cm at flowering.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 3. Average plant height at flowering of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Average plant height
at flowering (cm)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
26.56b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
30.43a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
28.14ab
North to South Direction
26.3b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
30.35a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
29.59ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
11.87
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
35
ab b a a
30
b b ab b
25
East to West Direction
)
20 cm
North to South Direction
t
(
h
15 eigh
Northeast to Southwest
t
Direction
lan
P
10
Northwest to Southeast
Direction
5
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 10. Average plant height at flowering
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Average Number of Pods per Plant
Effect of variety. The average number of pods per plant of chickpea as presented in
Table 4 showed highly significant differences among the different varieties of chickpea
grown. Results showed that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the highest number of pods
produced per plant with an average of 44.95 pods while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type)
produced the least number of pods per plant with an average of 21.93 pods. Findings show
that Desi type varieties produced higher number of pods per plant than Kabuli type
chickpea variety.
Effect of row orientation. There were significant differences noted on the average
number of pods per plant as affected by different row orientation used. Results show that
chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the most number of
pods per plant with an average of 44 pods while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the least number of pods per plant with an average of 21.75 pods.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant
differences obtained on the average number of pods per plant of chickpea as affected by
the interaction between the different row orientation and different chickpea varieties used.
Average number of pods per plant ranged from 21.75 to 44 pods per plant. Results show
that the different row orientations did not significantly affected the average number of pods
per plant.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 4. Average number of pods per plant of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Average number of
pods per plant
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
21.93b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
44.95a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
31.57ab
North to South Direction
21.75b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
35.93ab
Northwest to Southeast Direction
44ab
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
13.82
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Weight of Marketable Seeds (g)
Effect of variety. Table 5 shows that there were no significant differences noted on
the weight of marketable seeds of chickpea as affected by the different varieties evaluated.
However, numerical data indicated that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the heaviest
weight of marketable seeds while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) produced the least weight of
marketable seeds.
Effect of row orientation. Likewise, there were no significant differences noted in
the weight of marketable seeds as affected by the different row orientation used.
Numerically, chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the
heaviest weight of marketable seeds while the chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the least weight of marketable seeds.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 5. Weight of marketable seeds (g) of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Weight of marketable
seeds (g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
98.40a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
161.44a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
103.59a
North to South Direction
95.42a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
155.37a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
165.32a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
12.32
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
We
Interaction effect. There were no significant differences in the weight of
marketable seeds as affected by the interaction between the different row orientation and
different chickpea varieties grown.
Weight of Non-marketable Seeds (g)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted in the weight
of non marketable seeds as affected by different chickpea varieties grown. Weight of non-
marketable seeds ranged from 22.45 to 31.17 grams.
Effect of row orientation. Significant differences were noted on the weight
of non-marketable seeds as affected by the different row orientations used. Chickpea
planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the heaviest weight of non-
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
marketable seeds with a mean of 38.73 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the least weight of non-marketable seeds with a mean of 14.77 g.
Table 6. Weight of non-marketable seeds (g) of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Weight of non-
marketable seeds (g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
31.17a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
22.45a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
25.47b
North to South Direction
14.77b
Total Northeast to Southwest Direction
28.27b
Northwest to Southeast Direction
38.73a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
22.75
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Interaction effect. There were no significant differences noted in the weight
of non-marketable as affected by the interaction effect between the different row
orientation and different row orientation and different variety of chickpea used.
Total Yield per Plot (g)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted on the total
yield per plot as affected by the different variety of chickpea used. However, results in
table 7 show that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) attained the highest yield per plot with a mean
of 188.62 g while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) had attained the lowest yield per plot with a
mean of 128.37 g.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Effect of row orientation. There were no significant differences noted on
the total yield per plot as affected by the different row orientation used. Results however,
show that chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation attained the highest
Table 7. Total yield per plot (g) of two varieties planted in different row orientation
TREATMENT
Total yield per plot
(g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
128.37a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
188.62a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
129.12a
North to South Direction
110.18a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
183.63a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
211.07a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
12.32
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
yield per plot with a mean 211.07 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation attained the lowest yield with a mean of 110.18 g.
Interaction effect. There were no significant differences noted in the total yield
per plot as affected by the interaction effect between the different row orientation and
different variety of chickpea used.
Computed Yield (t/ha)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted on the computed yield
per hectare as affected by the different variety of chickpea used. However, results showed
that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the highest computed yield per hectare with a mean
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
of 5.91 tons while ICCV (Kabuli type) produced the lowest computed yield per hectare
with a mean of 4.024 tons (Table 8).
Table 8. Computed yield (t/ha) of two varieties of chickpea planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Computed yield
(t/ha)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
4.024a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
5.91a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
4.05a
North to South Direction
3.45a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
5.75a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
6.60a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
14.27
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Effect of row orientation. There were no significant differences noted on the
computed yield per hectare as affected by the different row orientation used. However,
results showed that chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced
the highest computed yield per hectare with a mean of 6.60 tons while chickpea planted in
a north to south row orientation produced the lowest computed yield per hectare with a
mean of 3.45 tons.
Interaction effect. Analysis revealed no significant differences on the computed
yield per hectare as affected by the interaction between the different variety and the
different row orientation used.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Biomass Weight (g)
Effect of variety. There were highly significant differences noted on the biomass
weight of chickpea as affected by the different varieties grown. Results show that
Table 9. Biomass weight (g) of two varieties planted in different row orientation
TREATMENT
Biomass Weight
(g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
1962.5b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
3011.3a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
1787.5b
North to South Direction
1637.5b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
3660a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
2862.5ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
9.55
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the heaviest biomass weight with a mean of 3011.3 g
while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) produced the least biomass weight with a mean of 1962.5
g.
Effect of row orientation. Likewise, significant differences were noted on
the biomass weight as affected by the different row orientation used. Results showed that
chickpea planted in a northeast to southwest row orientation produced the heaviest biomass
weight with a mean of 3660 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row orientation
produced least biomass weight with a mean of 1637.5 g.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the
biomass weight of chickpea as affected by the interaction between row orientation and
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
different varieties used. Results showed that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in a northeast
to southwest row orientation produced the heaviest biomass with a mean of
6000
a
5000
ab
4000s)
East to West Direction
a
m
(gr
t
North to South Direction
h
3000ig
we
b b b b
Northeast to Southwest
ass
b b
Direction
2000m
Northwest to Southeast
Bio
Direction
1000
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 11. Biomass weight
4970 g; while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) planted in a north to south row orientation
produced the least biomass weight with a mean of 1550 g.
Harvest Index
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted on the harvest index
of chickpea as affected by the different varieties grown. Results in Table 10 showed that
the harvest index of chickpea ranged from 7.03 to 12.05.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Effect of row orientation. Likewise, there were no significant differences noted on
the harvest index of chickpea as affected by the different row orientation used. However,
chickpea plants planted in northwest to southeast direction obtained the highest harvest
Table 10. Harvest index of two varieties of chickpea planted in different row orientation
TREATMENT
Harvest Index
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
1962.5b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
3011.3a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
1787.5b
North to South Direction
1637.5b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
3660a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
2862.5ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
9.55
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
index while chickpea plant planted in northeast to southwest direction had the least value
of harvest index.
Interaction effect. Analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in
the harvest index of chickpea as affected by the interaction between the different row
orientation and the different variety used.
Weight of 100 Seeds
Effect of variety. There were significant differences noted in the weight of 100
seeds of chickpea as affected by different variety of chickpea used. Results showed that
ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) produced the heaviest weight of 100 seeds with a mean of 35.05
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
g; while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with
a mean of 18.69 g. Kabuli type of chickpea had generally bigger sized seeds of chickpea
that lead to heavier 100 seed weight (Table 11 and Figure 12).
Table 11. Weight of 100 seeds (g) of two varieties of chickpea planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Weight of 100 seeds
(g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
35.05a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
18.698b
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
27.28a
North to South Direction
26.86ab
Northeast to Southwest Direction
24.99b
Northwest to Southeast Direction
28.37a
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
7.24
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Effect of row orientation. There were significant differences noted on the
weight of 100 seeds a affected by the different row orientation used. Results showed that
chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the heaviest weight
of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean of 28.37g while chickpea planted in a northeast to
southwest row orientation produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean
of 24.99g.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences on the
weight of 100 seeds of chickpea as affected by the interaction between the different row
orientation and the different variety of chickpea used. Results showed that ICCV 95334
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
(Kabuli type) planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the heaviest
weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean of 37.55 g while ICCV 93954 (Desi type)
40
a a b a
35
s)
30 m
East to West Direction
25 eds (gra
se
c c c c North to South Direction
20 001f o
Northeast to Southwest
t
15 h
Direction
ig
Northwest to Southeast
We
10
Direction
5
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 12. Weight of 100 seeds
planted in a east to west row orientation produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea
with a mean of 18.33g.
Variety
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the yield of chickpea varieties grown as
intercrops in between citrus trees, to determine the effect of different row orientation on
the yield of chickpea and to determine the effect of row orientation on the growth and yield
of chickpea for seed production. The study was conducted at the Benguet State University,
Horticulture Laboratory Area, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2012 to March 2013.
Result show that there were no significant differences noted on the effect of
row orientations on the number of days from planting to 50% flowering.
Chickpea plant grown on east to west row orientation were the earliest to mature
after 142 days while chickpea planted on a northeast to southwest row orientation was the
latest after 155.5 days.
Chickpea plants grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation produced
the tallest plants with an average of 30.35 cm, produced the highest number of pods per
plant with an average of 44 pods and produced the heaviest biomass weight with a mean
of 3011.3 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row orientation produced the shortest
plants with an average of 26.3 cm, produced the lowest number of pods with an average of
21.75 pods and produced the least biomass weight with a mean of 1637.5 g.
There were no significant differences noted on the weight of marketable seeds,
the weight of non-marketable seeds.
Results also showed no significant differences on the total yield per plot,
harvest index and computed yield per hectare, with regards to the effect of varieties,
different row orientation and interaction effect.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
In the weight of 100 seeds, results showed that chickpea planted in a northwest
to southeast direction produced the heaviest weight of collected 100 seeds with a mean
of28.37 g while chickpea planted in a northeast to southwest direction produced the least
weight of collected 100 seeds with a mean of 24.99 g.
Results showed that ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) were the earliest to reach 50%
flowering, the earliest to mature, produced the shortest plants at flowering, produced the
least number of pods, produced the least biomass weight and produced the heaviest weight
of 100 seeds, while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) were the latest to reach 50% flowering, the
latest to mature, produced the highest number of pods, produced the heaviest biomass
weight of chickpea and produced the lightest weight of 100 seeds.
ICCV 93954 (Kabuli type) chickpea plants grown in a northwest to southeast
row orientation flowered earlier after 48.25 days from planting and produced the heaviest
weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean of 37.55 g.
ICCV 95334 (Desi type) chickpea plants grown in a northeast to southwest row
orientation had more days to bear flower at 67 days, produced the heaviest biomass weight
with a mean of 4970 g and produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean
of 18.33 g.
ICCV 95334 (Desi type) chickpea plants grown in a northwest to southeast row
orientation were the latest to mature after 160 days from planting and produced the tallest
plants at flowering with an average of 32. 9 cm.
ICCV 93954 (Kabuli type) chickpea plants grown in a north to south direction
produced the shortest plants with an average of 26.3 cm at flowering and produced the least
biomass weight with a mean of 1530 g.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Result show that ICCV 93954 (Kabuli type) chickpea plants grown in east to
west row orientation matured earlier after a mean of 135 days from planting.
Conclusion
Based on the results discussed, the best variety under La Trinidad, Benguet
condition is ICCV 93954, a Desi type of chickpea since it had a good growth, flowering
and yield characteristics when grown in the best row orientation for the selected variety is
the northeast to southwest direction of row orientation.
Recommendation
Based on the Findings and conclusion of the study, ICCV 93954, a Desi type
of chickpea can be productively grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation and is
therefore recommended under La Trinidad, Benguet condition when grown under citrus
trees.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. 2007, Chickpea. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 28,
2007 from. http:/www.google.com.ph.
BALAD, T.T. 1980. Effect of plot orientation and plot size on growth and yield of garden
pea. Undergraduate Thesis. MSAC, La Trinidad, Benguet Province.
CHAPMAN, S. R. and L. P. CARTER. 1976. Effects of light on the production of cotton.
Crop Production, principles and practice. Pp. 159-153:386.
CORTEZ, L. C. 1978. Effects of distance of planting on the growth and yield of head of
Lettuce. Undergraduate thesis (Unpub.) MSAC, La Trinidad, Bennguet Province.
CRANDAL, L. G. 1971. Effects of rows and direction and mist on micro climate of Bush
Bean. Horticulture Science 6:345-347.
EVANGELIO, M. D. 1979. Influence of variety, spacing and fertilizer on the stem and
production of potatoes. VISCA VISTA, Vol. 2:12-13.
KRIEDMAN, W.M. 1970. Leaf age photosynthesis in Vitis venefer L. Vitis 9:97-104.
OEBKER, Y. L., HOPEN, E. N. 1974. Field diagnosis of Chickpea deseases and their
control. Information Bulletin no. 28. Pantacheru, Andhra Pradesh 502.324, India.
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid tropics.
POLON, N. F. 1981. Influence of plot orientation on the growth and yield of snap bean.
Undergraduate thesis (Unpub.) MSAC, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013. Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as
affected by row orientation grown in between Citrus trees. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang, Msc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University, Horticulture Laboratory
Area, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2012 to March 2013 to determine the best
chickpea variety grown as intercrop in between citrus trees, to determine the best row
orientation in the yield of chickpea; and to determine the interaction effect of variety and
row orientation on the growth and yield of chickpea.
Findings showed significant differences among the different row orientations
followed in this study with regards to average plant height at flowering, average number
of pods per plant, biomass weight and weight of 100 seeds. Chickpea planted in a northeast
to southwest row orientation produced the tallest plants at flowering, highest number of
pods per plant, heaviest biomass and the heaviest weight of 100 seeds. Chickpea planted
in east to west row orientation were the earliest to mature.
Among the different varieties of chickpea grown in the study, ICCV 95334 (Kabuli
Type) was the earliest to reach 50% flowering and mature and had the highest harvest
index. ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the tallest plants at flowering, had the highest
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
number of pods per plant, weight of marketable seeds per plot, highest seed yield per plot,
and computed seed yield per hectare (t/ha), heaviest biomass and weight of 100 seeds.
ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted on a northwest to southeast row orientation
produced the highest weight of marketable seed and total seed yield, computed seed yield
per hectare (t/ha) and heaviest biomass.
Based on the findings of the study, ICCV 93954, a Desi type of chickpea can be
productively grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation under La Trinidad, Benguet
condition.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Number of Days from Planting to 50% Flowering
Effect of variety. Highly significant differences were observed on the number of
days from planting to 50% flowering of chickpea as affected by the different varieties of
chickpea used. ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) were the earliest to reach 50% flowering with a
mean of 51.69 days from planting while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) took longer days to attain
50% flowering having a mean of 66.13 days from planting. Findings show that Kabuli type
chickpea produced flowers earlier than the desi type cultivars (Table 1 and Figure 5).
Effect of row orientation. There were no significant differences noted on the
number of days from planting to 50% flowering of chickpea as affected by the different
row orientation used. The number of days from planting to 50% flowering ranged from
57.63 to 59.88 days. Results showed that different row orientation did not affect the number
of days from planting to 50% flowering.
Interaction effect. The interaction effects between the different row orientation used
and different varieties of chickpea used in the number of days from planting to 50%
flowering of chickpea were significant. Results revealed that ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type)
planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation flowered earlier after 48.25 days while
ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in north to south row orientation had more days to reach
50% flowering which was after a mean of 67 days.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 1. Number of days from planting to 50% flowering of two varieties of chickpea
planted in different row orientations
TREATMENT
Days from planting to
50% flowering
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
51.69b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
66.13a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
59.63a
North to South Direction
58.5a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
59.88a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
57.63a
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
8.38
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
80
a
a
a
70
a
East to West Direction
60
b
b
b
b
North to South
50
Direction
f days
o
Northeast to
er
40
b
Southwest Direction
m
u
Northwest to
N
30
Southeast Direction
20
10
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea varieties
Figure 8. Number of days from planting to 50% flowering
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Number of Days from Planting to Maturity
Effect of variety. Highly significant differences were observed on the number of
days from planting to maturity of chickpea as affected by the different varieties of chickpea
grown. ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) were the earliest to mature with a mean of 141.25 days
from planting while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) were the latest to mature with a mean of
154.13 days from planting. Results showed that Kabuli type varieties matured earlier than
desi type chickpea (Table 2 and Figure 6).
Bautista et al. (1983) pointed that each variety contains a set of genetic make-up
which determines the earliness of maturity and attributed to the varietal characteristics of
the different cultivars.
Effect of row orientation. Differences obtain in the number of days from planting
to maturity of chickpea as affected by the different row orientation used were highly
significant. Chickpea plants grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation were the
latest to mature with a mean of 155.5 days from planting, while chickpea plants grown in
east to west row orientation were the earliest to mature with a mean of 142 days from
planting.
Interaction effect. The interaction effects between the different row orientation used
and different varieties of chickpea used on the number of days from planting to maturity
were significant. Results revealed that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in northwest to
southeast row orientation were the latest to mature after 160 days from planting while
ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) planted in east to west row orientation were the earliest to
mature after 135 days from planting.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 2. Number of days from planting to maturity of two variety planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Days from planting to
maturity
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
141.25b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
154.13a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
142ab
North to South Direction
143.25b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
155.5a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
150ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
4.80
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
165
ab ab a a
160
155
a
150
East to West Direction
f days
145 o
North to South Direction
er
b
bc
140 mu
c
Northeast to Southwest
N
c
Direction
135
Northwest to Southeast
Direction
130
125
120
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 9. Number of days from planting to maturity
Average Plant Height at Flowering
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Effect of variety. Differences obtained in the average plant height at flowering of
chickpea as affected by the different varieties used were highly significant (Table 2). ICCV
93954 (Desi type) were the tallest plants at flowering with a mean of 30.43 cm while ICCV
95334 (Kabuli type) were the shortest plants at flowering with a mean of 26.76 cm.
Findings show that Desi type cultivars produced taller plants at flowering than Kabuli type
chickpea.
The observed differences among the chickpea varieties further indicated their
differential adaptability to local conditions as well as their inherent height potential.
Furthermore, Desi varieties are taller naturally than Kabuli type varieties.
Effect of row orientation. There were significant differences noted on the average
plant height at flowering of chickpea as affected by the different row orientation used.
Chickpea planted in a northeast to southwest row orientation produced the tallest plants at
flowering with an average of 30.35 cm while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the shortest plants with an average of 26.3cm.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences on the
average plant height at flowering of chickpea as affected by the interaction between the
different row orientation used and the different chickpea varieties grown. Results revealed
that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced
the tallest plants with a mean of 32.9 cm while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) planted in a
north to south row orientation produced the shortest plants at 26.3 cm at flowering.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 3. Average plant height at flowering of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Average plant height
at flowering (cm)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
26.56b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
30.43a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
28.14ab
North to South Direction
26.3b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
30.35a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
29.59ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
11.87
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
35
ab b a a
30
b b ab b
25
East to West Direction
)
20 cm
North to South Direction
t
(
h
15 eigh
Northeast to Southwest
t
Direction
lan
P
10
Northwest to Southeast
Direction
5
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 10. Average plant height at flowering
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Average Number of Pods per Plant
Effect of variety. The average number of pods per plant of chickpea as presented in
Table 4 showed highly significant differences among the different varieties of chickpea
grown. Results showed that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the highest number of pods
produced per plant with an average of 44.95 pods while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type)
produced the least number of pods per plant with an average of 21.93 pods. Findings show
that Desi type varieties produced higher number of pods per plant than Kabuli type
chickpea variety.
Effect of row orientation. There were significant differences noted on the average
number of pods per plant as affected by different row orientation used. Results show that
chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the most number of
pods per plant with an average of 44 pods while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the least number of pods per plant with an average of 21.75 pods.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant
differences obtained on the average number of pods per plant of chickpea as affected by
the interaction between the different row orientation and different chickpea varieties used.
Average number of pods per plant ranged from 21.75 to 44 pods per plant. Results show
that the different row orientations did not significantly affected the average number of pods
per plant.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 4. Average number of pods per plant of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Average number of
pods per plant
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
21.93b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
44.95a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
31.57ab
North to South Direction
21.75b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
35.93ab
Northwest to Southeast Direction
44ab
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
13.82
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Weight of Marketable Seeds (g)
Effect of variety. Table 5 shows that there were no significant differences noted on
the weight of marketable seeds of chickpea as affected by the different varieties evaluated.
However, numerical data indicated that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the heaviest
weight of marketable seeds while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) produced the least weight of
marketable seeds.
Effect of row orientation. Likewise, there were no significant differences noted in
the weight of marketable seeds as affected by the different row orientation used.
Numerically, chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the
heaviest weight of marketable seeds while the chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the least weight of marketable seeds.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Table 5. Weight of marketable seeds (g) of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Weight of marketable
seeds (g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
98.40a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
161.44a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
103.59a
North to South Direction
95.42a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
155.37a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
165.32a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
12.32
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
We
Interaction effect. There were no significant differences in the weight of
marketable seeds as affected by the interaction between the different row orientation and
different chickpea varieties grown.
Weight of Non-marketable Seeds (g)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted in the weight
of non marketable seeds as affected by different chickpea varieties grown. Weight of non-
marketable seeds ranged from 22.45 to 31.17 grams.
Effect of row orientation. Significant differences were noted on the weight
of non-marketable seeds as affected by the different row orientations used. Chickpea
planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the heaviest weight of non-
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
marketable seeds with a mean of 38.73 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation produced the least weight of non-marketable seeds with a mean of 14.77 g.
Table 6. Weight of non-marketable seeds (g) of two varieties planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Weight of non-
marketable seeds (g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
31.17a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
22.45a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
25.47b
North to South Direction
14.77b
Total Northeast to Southwest Direction
28.27b
Northwest to Southeast Direction
38.73a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
22.75
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Interaction effect. There were no significant differences noted in the weight
of non-marketable as affected by the interaction effect between the different row
orientation and different row orientation and different variety of chickpea used.
Total Yield per Plot (g)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted on the total
yield per plot as affected by the different variety of chickpea used. However, results in
table 7 show that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) attained the highest yield per plot with a mean
of 188.62 g while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) had attained the lowest yield per plot with a
mean of 128.37 g.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Effect of row orientation. There were no significant differences noted on
the total yield per plot as affected by the different row orientation used. Results however,
show that chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation attained the highest
Table 7. Total yield per plot (g) of two varieties planted in different row orientation
TREATMENT
Total yield per plot
(g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
128.37a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
188.62a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
129.12a
North to South Direction
110.18a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
183.63a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
211.07a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
12.32
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
yield per plot with a mean 211.07 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row
orientation attained the lowest yield with a mean of 110.18 g.
Interaction effect. There were no significant differences noted in the total yield
per plot as affected by the interaction effect between the different row orientation and
different variety of chickpea used.
Computed Yield (t/ha)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted on the computed yield
per hectare as affected by the different variety of chickpea used. However, results showed
that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the highest computed yield per hectare with a mean
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
of 5.91 tons while ICCV (Kabuli type) produced the lowest computed yield per hectare
with a mean of 4.024 tons (Table 8).
Table 8. Computed yield (t/ha) of two varieties of chickpea planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Computed yield
(t/ha)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
4.024a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
5.91a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
4.05a
North to South Direction
3.45a
Northeast to Southwest Direction
5.75a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
6.60a
A x B
Not significant
CV (%)
14.27
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Effect of row orientation. There were no significant differences noted on the
computed yield per hectare as affected by the different row orientation used. However,
results showed that chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced
the highest computed yield per hectare with a mean of 6.60 tons while chickpea planted in
a north to south row orientation produced the lowest computed yield per hectare with a
mean of 3.45 tons.
Interaction effect. Analysis revealed no significant differences on the computed
yield per hectare as affected by the interaction between the different variety and the
different row orientation used.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Biomass Weight (g)
Effect of variety. There were highly significant differences noted on the biomass
weight of chickpea as affected by the different varieties grown. Results show that
Table 9. Biomass weight (g) of two varieties planted in different row orientation
TREATMENT
Biomass Weight
(g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
1962.5b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
3011.3a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
1787.5b
North to South Direction
1637.5b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
3660a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
2862.5ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
9.55
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the heaviest biomass weight with a mean of 3011.3 g
while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) produced the least biomass weight with a mean of 1962.5
g.
Effect of row orientation. Likewise, significant differences were noted on
the biomass weight as affected by the different row orientation used. Results showed that
chickpea planted in a northeast to southwest row orientation produced the heaviest biomass
weight with a mean of 3660 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row orientation
produced least biomass weight with a mean of 1637.5 g.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the
biomass weight of chickpea as affected by the interaction between row orientation and
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
different varieties used. Results showed that ICCV 93954 (Desi type) planted in a northeast
to southwest row orientation produced the heaviest biomass with a mean of
6000
a
5000
ab
4000s)
East to West Direction
a
m
(gr
t
North to South Direction
h
3000ig
we
b b b b
Northeast to Southwest
ass
b b
Direction
2000m
Northwest to Southeast
Bio
Direction
1000
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 11. Biomass weight
4970 g; while ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) planted in a north to south row orientation
produced the least biomass weight with a mean of 1550 g.
Harvest Index
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences noted on the harvest index
of chickpea as affected by the different varieties grown. Results in Table 10 showed that
the harvest index of chickpea ranged from 7.03 to 12.05.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Effect of row orientation. Likewise, there were no significant differences noted on
the harvest index of chickpea as affected by the different row orientation used. However,
chickpea plants planted in northwest to southeast direction obtained the highest harvest
Table 10. Harvest index of two varieties of chickpea planted in different row orientation
TREATMENT
Harvest Index
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
1962.5b
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
3011.3a
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
1787.5b
North to South Direction
1637.5b
Northeast to Southwest Direction
3660a
Northwest to Southeast Direction
2862.5ab
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
9.55
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
index while chickpea plant planted in northeast to southwest direction had the least value
of harvest index.
Interaction effect. Analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in
the harvest index of chickpea as affected by the interaction between the different row
orientation and the different variety used.
Weight of 100 Seeds
Effect of variety. There were significant differences noted in the weight of 100
seeds of chickpea as affected by different variety of chickpea used. Results showed that
ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) produced the heaviest weight of 100 seeds with a mean of 35.05
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
g; while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with
a mean of 18.69 g. Kabuli type of chickpea had generally bigger sized seeds of chickpea
that lead to heavier 100 seed weight (Table 11 and Figure 12).
Table 11. Weight of 100 seeds (g) of two varieties of chickpea planted in different row
orientation
TREATMENT
Weight of 100 seeds
(g)
Variety (A)
ICCV 95334 “Kabuli type”
35.05a
ICCV 93954 “Desi type”
18.698b
Row Orientation (B)
East to West Direction
27.28a
North to South Direction
26.86ab
Northeast to Southwest Direction
24.99b
Northwest to Southeast Direction
28.37a
A x B
Significant
CV (%)
7.24
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5%
DMRT
Effect of row orientation. There were significant differences noted on the
weight of 100 seeds a affected by the different row orientation used. Results showed that
chickpea planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the heaviest weight
of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean of 28.37g while chickpea planted in a northeast to
southwest row orientation produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean
of 24.99g.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences on the
weight of 100 seeds of chickpea as affected by the interaction between the different row
orientation and the different variety of chickpea used. Results showed that ICCV 95334
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
(Kabuli type) planted in a northwest to southeast row orientation produced the heaviest
weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean of 37.55 g while ICCV 93954 (Desi type)
40
a a b a
35
s)
30 m
East to West Direction
25 eds (gra
se
c c c c North to South Direction
20 001f o
Northeast to Southwest
t
15 h
Direction
ig
Northwest to Southeast
We
10
Direction
5
0
ICCV 95334
ICCV 93954
Chickpea Varieties
Figure 12. Weight of 100 seeds
planted in a east to west row orientation produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea
with a mean of 18.33g.
Variety
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the yield of chickpea varieties grown as
intercrops in between citrus trees, to determine the effect of different row orientation on
the yield of chickpea and to determine the effect of row orientation on the growth and yield
of chickpea for seed production. The study was conducted at the Benguet State University,
Horticulture Laboratory Area, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2012 to March 2013.
Result show that there were no significant differences noted on the effect of
row orientations on the number of days from planting to 50% flowering.
Chickpea plant grown on east to west row orientation were the earliest to mature
after 142 days while chickpea planted on a northeast to southwest row orientation was the
latest after 155.5 days.
Chickpea plants grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation produced
the tallest plants with an average of 30.35 cm, produced the highest number of pods per
plant with an average of 44 pods and produced the heaviest biomass weight with a mean
of 3011.3 g while chickpea planted in a north to south row orientation produced the shortest
plants with an average of 26.3 cm, produced the lowest number of pods with an average of
21.75 pods and produced the least biomass weight with a mean of 1637.5 g.
There were no significant differences noted on the weight of marketable seeds,
the weight of non-marketable seeds.
Results also showed no significant differences on the total yield per plot,
harvest index and computed yield per hectare, with regards to the effect of varieties,
different row orientation and interaction effect.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
In the weight of 100 seeds, results showed that chickpea planted in a northwest
to southeast direction produced the heaviest weight of collected 100 seeds with a mean
of28.37 g while chickpea planted in a northeast to southwest direction produced the least
weight of collected 100 seeds with a mean of 24.99 g.
Results showed that ICCV 95334 (Kabuli type) were the earliest to reach 50%
flowering, the earliest to mature, produced the shortest plants at flowering, produced the
least number of pods, produced the least biomass weight and produced the heaviest weight
of 100 seeds, while ICCV 93954 (Desi type) were the latest to reach 50% flowering, the
latest to mature, produced the highest number of pods, produced the heaviest biomass
weight of chickpea and produced the lightest weight of 100 seeds.
ICCV 93954 (Kabuli type) chickpea plants grown in a northwest to southeast
row orientation flowered earlier after 48.25 days from planting and produced the heaviest
weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean of 37.55 g.
ICCV 95334 (Desi type) chickpea plants grown in a northeast to southwest row
orientation had more days to bear flower at 67 days, produced the heaviest biomass weight
with a mean of 4970 g and produced the least weight of 100 seeds of chickpea with a mean
of 18.33 g.
ICCV 95334 (Desi type) chickpea plants grown in a northwest to southeast row
orientation were the latest to mature after 160 days from planting and produced the tallest
plants at flowering with an average of 32. 9 cm.
ICCV 93954 (Kabuli type) chickpea plants grown in a north to south direction
produced the shortest plants with an average of 26.3 cm at flowering and produced the least
biomass weight with a mean of 1530 g.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
Result show that ICCV 93954 (Kabuli type) chickpea plants grown in east to
west row orientation matured earlier after a mean of 135 days from planting.
Conclusion
Based on the results discussed, the best variety under La Trinidad, Benguet
condition is ICCV 93954, a Desi type of chickpea since it had a good growth, flowering
and yield characteristics when grown in the best row orientation for the selected variety is
the northeast to southwest direction of row orientation.
Recommendation
Based on the Findings and conclusion of the study, ICCV 93954, a Desi type
of chickpea can be productively grown in a northeast to southwest row orientation and is
therefore recommended under La Trinidad, Benguet condition when grown under citrus
trees.
Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013
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Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by row orientation grown in between
Citrus trees | ALICAN, GERALDINE A. MAY 2013