BIBLIOGRAPHY PILPILING, JEYSFER E....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013. Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor
60 Established from Selected Seedling Production Methods. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Darwin A. Basquial, MSc.
ABSTRACT
Growth and yield response to various methods of seedling establishment of Chinese
cabbage cv. Vigor 60 were evaluated in December 2011 to March 2012 at the Pomology
experimental area, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Economic analysis of
the crop was also done.
Chinese cabbage plants sown in polyethylene plastic bags were the earliest to form
heads. Slightly firm heads were obtained in the seedlings that were grown in a seedbed as
compared to those that were grown from different containers. Although Chinese cabbage
sown in polyethylene plastic bag, directly planted and seeds sown in rolled banana leaves
are comparable to each other. Chinese cabbage sown in polyethylene plastic bag produced
the heaviest average head weight (0.75 kg), heaviest marketable yield (25.67 kg/5m2), and
total yield per plot (25.83 kg/5m2) and the highest computed yield per hectare (51.33 t/ha).
Chinese cabbage seedlings established in polyethylene plastic bag obtained the
highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) of 10.86 % or PhP 0.10 for every peso invested
in the production with the selling price of PhP 7.00 per kilogram.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Percentage Seedling Survival
Table 1 shows the percentage of seedling survival after transplanting. All of the
seedlings survived after transplanting in the experimental area established from different
seedling production methods.
Number of Days to Head Formation
Seedling established from polyethylene plastic bags and those that were directly
planted were the earliest to initiate head at 40.67 and 41.67 days, respectively (Table 1).
These results are comparable with the seedlings established from rolled banana leaves
(42.67 days). Seedlings established from seedbed took the longest days to form heads at
41.67 days.
The results may be due to the differences in the sizes of holes of the different
containers used in the study. The holes of seedling tray, chopped hose, and rolled banana
leaves were smaller which accommodated less amount of soil mixture that limits the
growth of the roots as compared to polyethylene plastic bags which accommodated more
mixture of soil (compost garden soil and sand 1:1:1) that provides proper aeration, water
and nutrient holding capacity (Bautista 1994). While longest time to initiate head formation
ware observed from the seedlings established in seedbed due to the total root disturbance
during the transplanting of the seedling.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 1. Percentage seedling survival and number of days to head formation of Chinese
cabbage cv. Vigor 60 as affected by various methods of seedling establishment
SEEDLING
ESTABLISHMENT
SURVIVAL
DAYS TO HEAD
METHOD
(%)
FORMATION
Direct seeding
100a
41.67a
Seedbed method
100a
47.67c
Seedling tray
100a
45.33bc
Recycled chopped hose
100a
45.33bc
Rolled banana leaves
100a
42.67ab
Polyethylene plastic bag
100a
40.67a
Means in a column with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
Head Firmness
Table 2 shows that slightly firm heads were obtained in seedlings established in
seedbeds as compared to those that were established from different containers.
This result implies that transplanting greatly delay the formation of heads that
contributes to the compactness of heads which confirms the report of Balliyao (1977).
Balliyao further explained that transplanted seedlings delay the overall growth of the plants
as it took time for the foliage and roots to regenerate.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 2. Head firmness and Percentage heading of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 as
affected by various methods of seedling establishment
SEEDLING
ESTABLISMENT
HEAD FIRMNESS PERCENTAGE HEADING
METHOD
(%)
Direct seeding
firm
90.13c
Seedbed method
slightly firm
97.04b
Seedling tray
firm
98.66a
Recycled chopped hose
firm
98.77a
Rolled banana leaves
firm
98.66a
Polyethylene plastic bag
firm
98.88a
Means in a column with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
Percentage Heading
Seedlings established from polyethylene plastic bags, recycled chopped hose, rolled
banana leaves and seedling tray successfully produced heads reflected by the increased
percentage heading averaging 98.74 percent, as compared to seedbed method and direct
seeding at 97.04 pecent and 90.13, respectively (Table 2).
The significantly lower percentage heading of directly seeded from those that
transplanted seedlings are due to the unselected seeds during the time of planting. It was
also reported by Hartman and Kester (1967) that there are many problems that must be
overcome to provide proper environmental conditions for good uniform germination and
for optimum development of the crop.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 3. Head equatorial and polar diameter of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 as affected
by various methods of seedling establishment
SEEDLING
ESTABLISMENT
DIAMETER (cm)
METHOD
EQUATORIAL
POLAR
Direct seeding
11.41a
27.40a
Seedbed method
9.77a
27.13a
Seedling tray
9.99a
26.97a
Recycled chopped hose
9.52a
25.03a
Rolled banana leaves
10.54a
28.00a
Polyethylene plastic bag
11.28a
28.57a
Means in a column with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
Head Equatorial and Polar Diameter
Directly seeded Chinese cabbage produced the widest equatorial diameter (11.41
cm) while seedlings established in rolled banana leaves produced the longest heads (28 cm)
as shown in Table 3. However, no significant differences were observed among the
treatments.
Average Head Weight
As shown in Table 4, seedlings established in polyethylene plastic bag produced
the heaviest heads with an average weight of 0.75 kg which is comparable to the seedlings
established in rolled banana leaves (0.69 kg), and those that were directly seeded (0.66 kg).
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 4.Average head weight of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 as affected by various
methods of seedling establishment
SEEDLING
ESTABLISMENT
AVERAGE HEAD WEIGTH
METHOD
(Kg)
Direct seeding
0.66abc
Seedbed method
0.55c
Seedling tray
0.60bc
Recycled chopped hose
0.60bc
Rolled banana leaves
0.69ab
Polyethylene plastic bag
0.75a
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
It is clear in this results that the difference in diameter, length, and firmness of the
Chinese cabbage heads contributes to the average weight of the individual heads.
Weight of Marketable and Non-marketable Heads per plot
Seedlings established in polyethylene plastic bag had the heaviest marketable heads
per plot at 25.67 kg per plot. However, the results are comparable to the marketable heads
from the seedling established from rolled banana leaves (23.67 kg) and those that were
directly seeded (22 kg). No significant differences were observed on the non-marketable
weight of Chinese cabbage as affected by the different seedling establishment methods.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 5. Weight of marketable and non-marketable heads per plot of Chinese cabbage cv.
Vigor 60 as affected by various methods of seedling establishment
SEEDLING
ESTABLISMENT
MARKETABLE NON-MARKETABLE
METHOD
(kg)
(kg)
Direct seeding
22.00abc
0.58a
Seedbed method
18.68c
0.32a
Seedling tray
20.67bc
0.00a
Recycled chopped hose
20.33bc
0.17a
Rolled banana leaves
23.67ab
0.00a
Polyethylene plastic bag
25.67a
0.17a
Means in a column with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
Total Yield per Plot
Chinese cabbage established from polyethylene plastic bag significantly outyielded
the other treatments with a mean of 25.83 kg. Seedlings established in seedbed produced
the least yield at 19 kg.
It is clear in this result that the higher percentage heading, longer polar diameter,
head firmness and heavier average head weight contributes to the high marketable yield of
seedlings established in Polyethylene plastic.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 6.Total yield per plot and Computed yield tons per hectare of Chinese cabbage cv.
Vigor 60 as affected by various methods of seedling establishment
SEEDLING
ESTABLISMENT
TOTAL YIELD
COMPUTED YIELD
METHOD
(kg)
(t/ha)
Direct seeding
22.58bc
44.00abc
Seedbed method
19.00bc
37.33c
Seedling tray
20.67c
41.33bc
Recycled chopped hose
20.05c
40.67bc
Rolled banana leaves
23.67b
47.33ab
Polyethylene plastic bag
25.83a
51.33a
Means in a column with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Figure 3.Sample Chinese cabbage headsharvested from directly seeded (T1), seedlings
established from seedbed (T2), seedlings established in seedling tray (T3), seedlings
established in recycle chopped hose (T4) seedlings established in rolled banana leaves (T5)
and seedlings established in polyethylene plastic bag (T6)
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Computed Yield (t/ha)
The computed yield per hectare indicated that Chinese cabbage seeds established
in polyethylene plastic bag produced the highest yield at 51.33 tons per hectare (Table 6).
However, the results are comparable to the computed yield from seedlings established from
rolled banana leaves 47.33 tons and those that were directly seeded 44 tons per hectare.
While seedlings established from seedbed had the lowest yield at 37.33 tons per hectare.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 7 shows the cost and return analysis of the different treatments used in the
study. As shown in the table, different total marketable yield and levels of expenses
resulted to varying net profit and return on the cash expenses. Seedlings established in
polyethylene plastic bag obtained the highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) of 10.86 %
or PhP 0.10 for every peso invested in the production with the selling price of PhP 7.00 per
kilogram after harvesting. This was followed by seedlings established in rolled banana
leaves, directly seeded, seedlings established in recycled chopped hose and seedlings
established in seedling tray with 2.22%, -7.18%, -12.17%, and -12.74%, respectively. The
lowest return on cash expenses of -18.34% was obtained from seedlings established in
seedbed.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Table 7. Cost and Return Analysis of the different treatments in 15 sq. m plot of Chinese cabbage
cv. Vigor 60 as affected by various methods of seedling establishment
ITEMS
TREATMENT
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
T6
Yield (kg)
66.00 56.00 62.00 61.00 71.00 77.00
Sales (PhP)
462.00 392.00 434.00 427.00
497.00 593.00
Expenses
Inputs:
1. Seeds
22.33 10.73 10.73 10.73
10.73 10.73
2. Pesticides
a. Sumicidin
41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00
41.00 41.00
b. Seven
16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00
16.00 16.00
3. Fertilizer
a. Chicken dung
36.66 36.66 36.66 36.66
36.66 36.66
b. Complete fertilizer
87.66 87.66 87.66 87.66
87.66 87.66
(14-14-14)
4. Tray
11.25
5. Polyethylene bag
8.00
Labor cost (PhP.)
6. Land preparation
43.33 43.33 43.33 43.33
43.33 43.33
7. Planting
20.83 20.83 20.83 20.83
20.83 20.83
8. Transplanting
41.66 41.66 41.66 41.66
41.66 41.66
9. Irrigation
104.16 104.16 104.16 104.16
104.16 104.16
10. Hilling-up
41.66 41.66 41.66 41.66
45.66 45.66
11. Harvesting
25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
25.00 25.00
12. Marketing
17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50
17.50 17.50
Total expenses (PhP)
497.79 486.19 497.44 486.19 486.19 494.19
Net income (PhP)
462.00 392.00 434.00 427.00
497.00 593.00
ROCE (%)
-7.18 -18.34 -12.74 -12.17
2.22
10.86
RANK
3
6
5 4 2
1
Note: The selling price during the harvest is PhP 7.00/kg
Area 90m2=612 plants
Legend
T1-direct seeding
T2-seedbed method
T3-sowing seed in seedling tray
T4-sowing seed in rolled banana leaves
T5-sowing seed in recycle chopped hose (1x1.5 inches)
T6-sowing seed in polyethylene plastic bags (2x3 inches)
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at the pomology experimental area, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet from December 2011 to March 2012 to evaluate the
performance of Chinese cabbage established from selected seedling production methods,
determine the best method of seedling establishment that will enhance optimum yield and
to determine the economics of using different seedling production methods in Chinese
cabbage production.
Chinese cabbage established from polyethylene plastic bag and those that were
directly seeded were the earliest to initiate head. In head firmness; slightly firm heads was
obtained in the seedlings that were established in seedbed as compared to those that
established from different containers. Chinese cabbage established from polyethylene
plastic bag produced the longest polar diameter (28.87 cm), the heaviest average head
weight (0.75 kg), the heaviest marketable yield (25.67 kg) and total yield (25.83 kg) and
the highest computed yield per hectare (51.33 t/ha).
In terms of profitability, Seedlings established in polyethylene plastic bag obtained
the highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) of 10.86 % or PhP 0.10 for every peso invested
in the production with the selling price of PhP 7.00 per kilogram. This was followed by
seedlings established in rolled banana leaves, directly seeded, seedlings established in
recycled chopped hose and seedbed tray with 2.22%, -7.18, -12.17%, and 12.74%
respectively. The lowest return on cash expenses of -18.34% was obtained from seedlings
established in seedbed.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
Conclusion
Based on the results presented and discussed, it was observed that Chinese cabbage
seedlings established in polyethylene plastic bag produced higher yield and had the highest
return on cash expenses (ROCE).
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended that establishing seedlings in polyethylene plastic bag
is the best method of establishing Chinese cabbage to obtain higher yield and profit.
Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013
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Performance of Chinese cabbage cv. Vigor 60 Established from Selected Seedling
Production Methods | PILPILING, JEYSFER E. March 2013