BIBLIOGRAPHY MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013, Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi
‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano Phosphate. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Silvestre L. Kudan, PhD.
ABSTRACT
Results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences among the
various rates of Dalfos guano phosphate applied to pak choi when the soil had a pH of
6.03, contain 6.0 % organic matter, 172 ppm of phosphorus and 1,180 ppm potassium
before planting. The leaf length, number of leaves per plant, weight of individual plant,
weight of marketable plants per plot and the computed yield per hectare did not differ
statistically in terms of profitability, the plants applied with 125g per 5 sq m had the
highest net income followed by the plants without application of Dalfos guano phosphate
and those applied with 50g per 5 sq m, 75g, 25g, and the 100g, obtained the lowest net
income. Based on the results of this study, the production cost per kilo was Php 15.91
which was the expenses incurred to produce one kilo of pak choi.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Leaf Length
As presented in Table 1, no significant differences of leaf length were observed
among the rates of applying guano phosphate to pak choi ‘Cherokee’. The plants not
applied with guano phosphate has shorter leaves but the 3.75 cm difference from the
longest leaves produced by the plants applied with 125 g per 5 sq. m plot was statistically
insignificant.
Table 1.Leaf length (cm)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
18.13a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.03a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.85a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.73a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.94a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
21.88a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 2. Soils analysis result from the Department of Agriculture Soil Laboratory in
Baguio city
SOILS ANALYSIS
PH
OM
P
K
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before Planting
6.03
6
172
1,180
After Planting
5.93
4.50
180
512
The slight differences in the length of pak choi leaves may be due to the presence
of nutrient elements in the soils enough to support the plants as shown in the soil samples
analysis (Table 2). The area utilized in this study had been continuously applied with
compost since 2003 and then converted to organic farming practices in 2008 which might
explain the slight differences in leaf length among the treatment plants. Fig. 2 shows the
crop stand from the different treatments plot with similar heights.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Figure 2. Photographs of the plants from the different treatment plots of block 2, the
similar crop stand and the insect damage on the leaves
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Number of Leaves Produced per plant at Harvest
The application of 125 g of guano phosphate produced slightly higher number of
leaves compared to the rest of the treatments (Table 3). The slight differences in number
of leaves among the plants applied with varying rates of guano phosphate including the
plants not applied with guano phosphate may be due to the availability of nutrient element
as discussed earlier.
Table 3. Number of leaves produced at harvest
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
8.00a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.13a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
9.10a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.60a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
7.70a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
9.23a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Weight of Individual Plant
Table 4 shows the weight of individual plant from the different rates of guano
phosphates application. Similar to the other data, there were no statistical differences
observed. This may suggest that the soil consisting 6% organic matter and the presence of
172 ppm of phosphorous and 1,180 ppm of potassium before planting is enough for pak
choi and the application of guano phosphate at any rate is unnecessary.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 4. Weight of individual plant (g)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
33.19a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
31.99a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
30.69a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
29.94a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
33.86a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
26.27a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Weight of Marketable Plants per Plot
Table 5 shows that the plants applied with 125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq m
produced the highest weight of marketable plant per plot among the various rates studied.
However, the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences among the
treatments studied. As explained earlier, the experiment are may have enough nutrients
elements as shown in Table 2 so the application of guano phosphate did not affect the
weight of marketable plants per plot.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 5. Weight of marketable plants per plot (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
8.38a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.15a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.46a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.42a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
6.94a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
9.22a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Computed Yield per Hectare
The computed yield per hectare from the yield per plot of 5 sq m showed similar
results with that weight of marketable plants per plot where there were no significant
differences among the treatments (Table 6). This observation may agree to the statement
of Pears (2002) that the soil must be rich in humus where the experiment area has 6%
organic matter before planting (Table 2). Aside from the organic matter, the phosphorous
and potassium content is high already in the soil.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 6. Computed yield per hectare (ton/ha)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
16.23a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
16.10a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
15.59a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
16.90a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
13.74a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
18.33a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Cost and Return Analysis
The different rates of guano phosphate application on pak choi ‘Cherokee’ had
slight differences in yield and the level inputs, which resulted to slight differences in net
profit (Table 7). In terms of return on cash expenses, the application of 125 g per5 sq m
had the highest of 247.95 % or p 2.48 for every peso spent in the production which was
followed classify by the plants not applied with guano phosphate, plants applied with 50g,
75g, 25g and the 100g had the lowest with their respective ROCE of 224.48%, 224.29%,
221.12%, 214.06% and 163.91%.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 7. Cost and return analysis
RATES OF GUANO PHOSPHATE
ITEM
25g
50g
75g
100g
125g Control
YIELD (kg)
24.45
25.38
25.25
20.81
27.65
25.15
SALES (P)
1222.50 1269.00 1262.50 1040.50 1382.50 1258.00
EXPENSES:
Alnus Compost
23.33
23.33
23.33
23.33
23.33
23.33
Seeds
14.85
14.85
14.85
14.85
14.85
14.85
Guano Phosphate
1.88
3.75
5.63
7.5
9.36
-
Packaging materials
4.27
4.44
4.4
3.64
4.84
4.41
Labor
Land preparation
53.33
53.33
53.33
53.33
53.33
53.33
Planting
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
Guano phosphate
application
32.50
32.50
32.50
32.50
32.50
32.50
Irrigation
33.33
33.33
33.33
33.33
33.33
33.33
Harvesting
120.67
120.67
120.67
120.67
120.67
120.67
Depreciation Cost
G.I pipes
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
Plastic roofing
31.67
31.67
31.67
31.67
31.67
31.67
EXPENSES (Php)
389.26
391.32
393.16
394.27
397.33
387.50
NET INCOME (Php)
833.24
877.68
869.34
646.23
985.17
870.00
ROCE %
214.06
224.29
221.12
163.91
247.10
224.50
RANK
5
3
4
6
1
2
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted at Balili Organic Farm of Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet from December 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the growth and
profitability of Pak choi treated with different rates of Dalfos Guano Phosphote.
Results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences among the
various rates of Dalfos guano phosphate applied to pak choi when the soil had a pH of
6.03, contain 6.0 % organic matter, 172 ppm of phosphorus and 1,180 ppm potassium
before planting. The leaf length, number of leaves per plant, weight of individual plant,
weight of marketable plants per plot and the computed yield per hectare did not differ
statistically in terms of profitability, the plants applied with 125g per 5 sq m had the
highest net income followed by the plants without application of Dalfos guano phosphate
and those applied with 50g per 5 sq m, 75g, 25g, and the 100g, obtained the lowest net
income. Based on the results this study, the production cost per kilo was Php 15.91 which
was the expenses incurred to produce one kilo of pak choi.
Conclusions
Based on the results presented and discussed, the application of guano phosphate
to pak choi ‘cherokee’ did not affect the yield and profit significantly when the soil pH is
6.0 with 6% organic matter and contains 172 ppm phosphorus and 1,180 ppm potassium.
However, the application of 125g guano phosphate per 5 sq m may have slight advantage
of higher net income.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Recommendations
It is therefore recommended that there is no need to apply guano phosphate when
the soil pH is 6.0 with organic matter of 6% and phosphorus and potassium of 172 ppm,
and 1,180 ppm, respectively. It is also recommended that the result of this study be verified
as there was no trend observed from the increasing rate of guano phosphate application.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
DOUBRAVA, C.M.2000 Pak choi. Fall Volume: Issue: 7(3)
PEARS, D. 2002.Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening. D.K Publishing Inc. Hudson Street,
New York. P. 357.
PILPILING, J.E. 2010, Growth and Yield of Pak choi ‘Cherokee’ grown on soil with and
without pine needle litters. BS thesis (Unpub). Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 4.
PINGALO, A.V. 2008, Yield and profitability of Pak choi ‘Cherokee’ applied with foliar
fertilizer. BS thesis (Unpub). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.
22.
SAHADEVAN, N. 1987.Green Fingers. Sahadevan Publication, Seremban, Sembilan,
Malaysia. Pp. 76-79.
SALISBURY, F.B AND C. ROSS. 1969. Plant Physiology. Woodworth Publishing
Collection Co, Belmont, California. Pp. 203-204.
SIEMONSMA, J.S. AND PILUEK, K. (Eds.) 1994 Plant Resources of South-East Asia
No. 8. Vegetables. Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Pp. 130-131.
SUBIDO, P.S.1961.The rate of fertilizer in crop production. Plant Industry Digest 24(4):
11.
TINDALL, H.D 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. McMillan Education L.T.D Houndmills,
Basingtoke, London. Pp.110-113.
TURK, L.M, 1972. Fundamentals of Soil Science. New York: John Wiley and Son Inc.
Pp. 350-351.
WAYAN, E.L. 1997. Efficacy evaluation of 14-10-12 foliar fertilizer on the growth and
yield of lettuce. BS Thesis (Unpub). Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet
Pp. 32.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013, Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi
‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano Phosphate. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Silvestre L. Kudan, PhD.
ABSTRACT
Results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences among the
various rates of Dalfos guano phosphate applied to pak choi when the soil had a pH of
6.03, contain 6.0 % organic matter, 172 ppm of phosphorus and 1,180 ppm potassium
before planting. The leaf length, number of leaves per plant, weight of individual plant,
weight of marketable plants per plot and the computed yield per hectare did not differ
statistically in terms of profitability, the plants applied with 125g per 5 sq m had the
highest net income followed by the plants without application of Dalfos guano phosphate
and those applied with 50g per 5 sq m, 75g, 25g, and the 100g, obtained the lowest net
income. Based on the results of this study, the production cost per kilo was Php 15.91
which was the expenses incurred to produce one kilo of pak choi.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Leaf Length
As presented in Table 1, no significant differences of leaf length were observed
among the rates of applying guano phosphate to pak choi ‘Cherokee’. The plants not
applied with guano phosphate has shorter leaves but the 3.75 cm difference from the
longest leaves produced by the plants applied with 125 g per 5 sq. m plot was statistically
insignificant.
Table 1.Leaf length (cm)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
18.13a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.03a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.85a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.73a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
19.94a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
21.88a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 2. Soils analysis result from the Department of Agriculture Soil Laboratory in
Baguio city
SOILS ANALYSIS
PH
OM
P
K
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before Planting
6.03
6
172
1,180
After Planting
5.93
4.50
180
512
The slight differences in the length of pak choi leaves may be due to the presence
of nutrient elements in the soils enough to support the plants as shown in the soil samples
analysis (Table 2). The area utilized in this study had been continuously applied with
compost since 2003 and then converted to organic farming practices in 2008 which might
explain the slight differences in leaf length among the treatment plants. Fig. 2 shows the
crop stand from the different treatments plot with similar heights.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Figure 2. Photographs of the plants from the different treatment plots of block 2, the
similar crop stand and the insect damage on the leaves
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Number of Leaves Produced per plant at Harvest
The application of 125 g of guano phosphate produced slightly higher number of
leaves compared to the rest of the treatments (Table 3). The slight differences in number
of leaves among the plants applied with varying rates of guano phosphate including the
plants not applied with guano phosphate may be due to the availability of nutrient element
as discussed earlier.
Table 3. Number of leaves produced at harvest
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
8.00a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.13a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
9.10a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.60a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
7.70a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
9.23a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Weight of Individual Plant
Table 4 shows the weight of individual plant from the different rates of guano
phosphates application. Similar to the other data, there were no statistical differences
observed. This may suggest that the soil consisting 6% organic matter and the presence of
172 ppm of phosphorous and 1,180 ppm of potassium before planting is enough for pak
choi and the application of guano phosphate at any rate is unnecessary.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 4. Weight of individual plant (g)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
33.19a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
31.99a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
30.69a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
29.94a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
33.86a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
26.27a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Weight of Marketable Plants per Plot
Table 5 shows that the plants applied with 125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq m
produced the highest weight of marketable plant per plot among the various rates studied.
However, the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences among the
treatments studied. As explained earlier, the experiment are may have enough nutrients
elements as shown in Table 2 so the application of guano phosphate did not affect the
weight of marketable plants per plot.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 5. Weight of marketable plants per plot (kg)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
8.38a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.15a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.46a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
8.42a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
6.94a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
9.22a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Computed Yield per Hectare
The computed yield per hectare from the yield per plot of 5 sq m showed similar
results with that weight of marketable plants per plot where there were no significant
differences among the treatments (Table 6). This observation may agree to the statement
of Pears (2002) that the soil must be rich in humus where the experiment area has 6%
organic matter before planting (Table 2). Aside from the organic matter, the phosphorous
and potassium content is high already in the soil.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 6. Computed yield per hectare (ton/ha)
TREATMENT
MEAN
No guano phosphate application (control)
16.23a
25 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
16.10a
50 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
15.59a
75 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
16.90a
100 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
13.74a
125 g guano phosphate per 5 sq. m plot
18.33a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Cost and Return Analysis
The different rates of guano phosphate application on pak choi ‘Cherokee’ had
slight differences in yield and the level inputs, which resulted to slight differences in net
profit (Table 7). In terms of return on cash expenses, the application of 125 g per5 sq m
had the highest of 247.95 % or p 2.48 for every peso spent in the production which was
followed classify by the plants not applied with guano phosphate, plants applied with 50g,
75g, 25g and the 100g had the lowest with their respective ROCE of 224.48%, 224.29%,
221.12%, 214.06% and 163.91%.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Table 7. Cost and return analysis
RATES OF GUANO PHOSPHATE
ITEM
25g
50g
75g
100g
125g Control
YIELD (kg)
24.45
25.38
25.25
20.81
27.65
25.15
SALES (P)
1222.50 1269.00 1262.50 1040.50 1382.50 1258.00
EXPENSES:
Alnus Compost
23.33
23.33
23.33
23.33
23.33
23.33
Seeds
14.85
14.85
14.85
14.85
14.85
14.85
Guano Phosphate
1.88
3.75
5.63
7.5
9.36
-
Packaging materials
4.27
4.44
4.4
3.64
4.84
4.41
Labor
Land preparation
53.33
53.33
53.33
53.33
53.33
53.33
Planting
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
Guano phosphate
application
32.50
32.50
32.50
32.50
32.50
32.50
Irrigation
33.33
33.33
33.33
33.33
33.33
33.33
Harvesting
120.67
120.67
120.67
120.67
120.67
120.67
Depreciation Cost
G.I pipes
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
Plastic roofing
31.67
31.67
31.67
31.67
31.67
31.67
EXPENSES (Php)
389.26
391.32
393.16
394.27
397.33
387.50
NET INCOME (Php)
833.24
877.68
869.34
646.23
985.17
870.00
ROCE %
214.06
224.29
221.12
163.91
247.10
224.50
RANK
5
3
4
6
1
2
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted at Balili Organic Farm of Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet from December 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the growth and
profitability of Pak choi treated with different rates of Dalfos Guano Phosphote.
Results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences among the
various rates of Dalfos guano phosphate applied to pak choi when the soil had a pH of
6.03, contain 6.0 % organic matter, 172 ppm of phosphorus and 1,180 ppm potassium
before planting. The leaf length, number of leaves per plant, weight of individual plant,
weight of marketable plants per plot and the computed yield per hectare did not differ
statistically in terms of profitability, the plants applied with 125g per 5 sq m had the
highest net income followed by the plants without application of Dalfos guano phosphate
and those applied with 50g per 5 sq m, 75g, 25g, and the 100g, obtained the lowest net
income. Based on the results this study, the production cost per kilo was Php 15.91 which
was the expenses incurred to produce one kilo of pak choi.
Conclusions
Based on the results presented and discussed, the application of guano phosphate
to pak choi ‘cherokee’ did not affect the yield and profit significantly when the soil pH is
6.0 with 6% organic matter and contains 172 ppm phosphorus and 1,180 ppm potassium.
However, the application of 125g guano phosphate per 5 sq m may have slight advantage
of higher net income.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
Recommendations
It is therefore recommended that there is no need to apply guano phosphate when
the soil pH is 6.0 with organic matter of 6% and phosphorus and potassium of 172 ppm,
and 1,180 ppm, respectively. It is also recommended that the result of this study be verified
as there was no trend observed from the increasing rate of guano phosphate application.
Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
DOUBRAVA, C.M.2000 Pak choi. Fall Volume: Issue: 7(3)
PEARS, D. 2002.Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening. D.K Publishing Inc. Hudson Street,
New York. P. 357.
PILPILING, J.E. 2010, Growth and Yield of Pak choi ‘Cherokee’ grown on soil with and
without pine needle litters. BS thesis (Unpub). Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 4.
PINGALO, A.V. 2008, Yield and profitability of Pak choi ‘Cherokee’ applied with foliar
fertilizer. BS thesis (Unpub). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.
22.
SAHADEVAN, N. 1987.Green Fingers. Sahadevan Publication, Seremban, Sembilan,
Malaysia. Pp. 76-79.
SALISBURY, F.B AND C. ROSS. 1969. Plant Physiology. Woodworth Publishing
Collection Co, Belmont, California. Pp. 203-204.
SIEMONSMA, J.S. AND PILUEK, K. (Eds.) 1994 Plant Resources of South-East Asia
No. 8. Vegetables. Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Pp. 130-131.
SUBIDO, P.S.1961.The rate of fertilizer in crop production. Plant Industry Digest 24(4):
11.
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Yield and Profitability of Pak Choi ‘Cherokee’ Applied with Varying Rates of Dalfos Guano
Phosphate | MAYOMES, GABELON D. APRIL 2013