BIBLIOGRAPHY DELA ROSA, JEANIFRE P. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DELA ROSA, JEANIFRE P. APRIL 2007. Rooting Characteristics of
Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different Concentrations of
ANAA. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of
ANAA on the rooting characteristic and shoot growth of Medinilla shoot tip cutting, and
to evaluate the best concentration of ANAA suited for faster and uniform rooting of
cuttings.
Results showed that cuttings treated with 750 and 1000 ppm ANAA formed roots
and initiated shoot earlier; had the highest percentage of rooted cuttings, had the longest
shoot length and root length two months after sticking of shoot tip cuttings in 1:1 alnus
leaves compost and sandy loam soil.
Findings showed that the untreated or control had significantly delayed root
formation compared to the treated cuttings.
These findings showed that dipping shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla for 30 minutes
in 750 ppm to 1000 ppm ANAA prior to rooting is recommended since it hastened earlier
root initiation, promoted the production more number of longer roots and shoots per
cuttings two months from sticking in the rooting media.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Days from Sticking to Visible
Root Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Percentage of Rooted Cuttings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Average Root Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Average Number of Root Produced
per Cuttings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Average Shoot Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
ii
INTRODUCTION
Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica. Lindi) belongs to the family Melastomataceae
Juss. This erect shrub stands 6 ft (1.8m) tall is usually found as an epiphyte in its
Philippine homeland. Its stems may be ribbed or even winged and its rich glossy green
leaves grow to about 12 inches (30 cm) long and have obvious paler veins. Its small pink
flowers are produced throughout spring and summer in long pendulous panicles to 18
inches (45 cm); these are made even more obvious because of the large pink bracts
attached to the flower clusters.
Most species only grow outdoors in the tropics. They can be cultivated as
greenhouse and houseplants, but it cannot tolerate winter minimums below 64ºF (18ºC).
The plants are usually grown in rich, moist, well-drained, humus-rich soil in partial
shade. They need regular watering and feeding during the growing season. It can be
propagated from seeds or cuttings. The exotic pink flower heads can reach up to 50 cm
in length hanging down from the main plant. In addition, the plant has large oval dark
green leaves with light veining. Truly, it is an incredible houseplant.
Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants, native to tropical
regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70
species) and Southern Asia to the western Pacific Ocean Islands. The genus was named
after Ide Medinilla, governor of the Mariana Islands in 1820.
They are evergreen shrubs on lianas with leaves that are opposite or whorled or
alternate in some species. The flowers are white or pink which are produced in large
panicles. The following are some selected species of medinilla: Medinilla arboricola
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
2
China, Medinilla assomica China, Medinilla cumigii, Philippines. Medinilla erthrophylla
China, Nepal, Medinilla fengii China, Medinilla fengii China, Medinilla foresana China,
Medinilla himalayana China, Medinilla magnifica, Philippines, Medinilla multiflora,
Philippines, Medinilla venosa Indonesia, and Philippines.
Auxins are commonly used and recommended by scientists to improve in root
development of cuttings. However, farmers are usually not properly informed on the
kind of auxins and concentrations to use. Besides, before the use of auxins as synthetic
root promoting growth regulators in rooting stem cuttings, many chemicals were tried
with limited success. The cuttings of some difficult-to-root species still root poorly after
treatment with auxins. Hence, auxins are not always the limiting chemical component in
rooting.
Therefore, problems on the quality and rate of rooting maybe solved by using
appropriate growth regulators, concentrations, formulations and application.
The study was conducted to: determine the effect of different concentrations of
(ANAA) on the rooting characteristics and shoot growth of medinilla shoot tip cuttings,
and to evaluate the best concentration/s of ANAA for faster and uniform rooting of
medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Division, HORTI
Research Area, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2006 to
January, 2007.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cutting as Propagules
The use of terminal shoot tip cuttings is from 3-5 inches in length and should have
6-8 leaves on the terminal shoot (Mc Daniel, 1982). Stem cuttings used are with lateral
or terminal buds (Bautista et al, 1983) which are capable of developing adventitious roots
as its basal portion eventually producing a plant.
Hartman and Kester (1968 and 1975), stated that softwood cuttings generally root
easier and quicker than hardwood cuttings because they readily respond to treatments
with root promoting substances. They stated further that stem cuttings in the most
practical and economical method of propagating ornamental shrubs.
According to Apnoyan (1981) propagation by cutting has the advantages of
making possible to produce genetically identical rootstock of trees, in contrast to the
wide genetic variation found in seedlings. Thus, cuttings would provide a mean of
multiplying superior rootstocks, if such rootstocks are developed.
Rooting Hormones
Rooting hormones help in the stimulation of root initiation with a larger
percentage of roots formed in cuttings and a faster rooting time. Growth regulators may
alter the type of roots formed as well as the number of roots produced (Brown, 1996).
Rieley and Shry (1999) reported that the development of rooting hormones made the
possibility of rooting certain plat cuttings that were considered impossible to root before.
This chemical also shortened the length of time required to root cuttings.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
4
In 1982, Fletcher and Kirlwood stated that plant growth regulators have found a
wide application in horticulture, particularly for the stimulation of rooting, fruit set and
fruit thinning. Furthermore, Hartmann and Kester (1968) reported that application of
growth regulators to cuttings is important for the improvement of the quality of roots
formed, stimulation of root initiation and for the acceleration of rooting of cuttings.
Janick (1972) mentioned that the rooting of cuttings positively influenced by
auxins. The auxins level is closely related with adventitious rooting of stem cuttings. It
was also noted that in a variety of such compounds, the greatest degree of success has
been achieved with IBA.
Rooting hormones are generally used to aid in root formation. Some plants more
easily than others because they produce higher level of natural hormones. These plants
need less synthetic rooting hormones to root satisfactorily (Ingles, 1994).
Hormone Concentrations
Bleasedale (1973) stated that hormones maybe used to overcome the inherent
difficulties encountered in rooting cuttings but can also inhibit the growth of the cuttings
if applied at the wrong concentrations. This so because high concentrations maybe in
effective (Halface and Barden, 1979). Root formation is more stimulated at lower
concentrations than shoot formation (Bedwell, 1979).
Adriance and Brison (1955) reported the growth regulators are more effective if
the concentrations is just below toxic level. Weaver (1972) added that high
concentrations of growth regulators do not produce abnormalities in root formation and
necrosis on tissues.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
5
Macli-ing (2004) stated that dipping of milflores shoot tip cuttings in 500 ppm
ANAA is the best concentration since it hastened early root initiation, promoted the
production of longer roots and more produced per cuttings.
Calixto (2004), reported that application of 500 to 750 ppm concentrations of
ANAA and Hormex can improve rooting of azalea cuttings because they promoted earlier
callus formation, initiated earlier opening of buds, produced the highest number of roots,
longer roots, and longest shoots in the cuttings.
Misting
Cuttings can absorb small amounts of water through its cut ends. The amount
absorbed is not enough to replace the amount normally lost through the process of
transpiration. Thus, transpiration has to be slowed down by keeping the relative humidity
high in the vicinity of the cuttings and keeping the temperature relatively lower. Misting
or sprinkling water can increase relative humidity.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
6
METHODOLOGY
Materials
The materials used in the study were shoot tip cuttings of medinilla about 6 inches
long, rooting hormones (ANAA), pruning shear, 6 x6 inches polyethylene bags,
graduated cylinder, labeling materials, compost and sandy loam soil (:1).
Methods
Experimental design and treatments. The experiment was laid out in Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 samples per treatment replicated 3 times.
The treatments were as follows:
ANAA concentration (ppm)
C1
Control (tap water only)
C2
250
C3
500
C4
750
C5
1000
Shoot tip cuttings preparation. The cuttings were cleaned/trimmed and 2-3 nodes
retained on the shoot tip cuttings. The stem ends of the samples were cut into a slanting
manner before dipping for 30 minutes in different ANAA concentrations and then rooted
under partial shade in 1:1 compost and sandy loam soil under greenhouse conditions.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
7
Care and maintenance. This was done to all cuttings throughout the duration of
the study.
Data to be Gathered
The following data were gathered and subjected to analysis of variance and mean
separation test by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were as follows:
1. Days from Sticking to Visible Root Formation. (0.5 cm). This was gathered by
counting the number of days from treatment to visible root formation through
destructive sampling method. There were 2 samples per treatment using white
plastic.
2. Percentage of rooted cuttings(%). This was obtained one month after sticking of
the cuttings in the rooting media using the formula;
Number of rooted cuttings
% of rooted cuttings =_______________________ x 100
Total number of cuttings
3. Average root length (cm). The length of roots for every cutting was measured
one month after planting and the average root length was computed as follows:
Length of roots
Average root length = ______________________________
Number of roots produced per plant
4. Average number of root produced /cuttings. All formed roots of every cuttings
were counted from sticking of cuttings in the rooting media and were computed as
follows:
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
8
Total number of roots produced
Average = __________________________
Number of samples planted
5. Shoot length (cm). This was gathered two months from rooting.
6. Documentation. Documentation of the study was done through print pictures as
shown in figure 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows the I=overview of the experiment at the
start or set-up of the trails and figure 2 shows the experiment at termination stage.
It also shows the effect of the different concentrations of ANAA on the shoot
growth of medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Days from Sticking to Visible Root Formation
Table 1 shows that there were no significant difference among the treated and
untreated cuttings as far as the number of days to root initiation is concerned. However,
the untreated cuttings had delayed root formation compared with the treated cuttings.
Stem cuttings treated with 1000 ppm and 750 ppm ANAA rooted earlier, however, they
were statistically comparable with the other treatments that showed means of 29.33 to
29.67 days from treatment of cuttings. Cutting treated with 500 ppm ANAA initiated
earlier root with root visible after 33 days from the treatment. Longest durations of root
initiations were obtained from cuttings treated with 250ppm and the control with means
of 35.33 and 36 days from treatment respectively.
These results agree with the statement of Bleasedale (1973) that although
hormones were known to promote earlier rooting various kinds of cuttings, it is important
to take into consideration that individual plant species and cultivars need a specific
concentration to be used.
Table 1. Days from sticking to visible root formation
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(DAYS)
0 ppm
36.00 a
250 ppm
35.33 a
500
33.00 a
750 ppm
29.67 a
1000 ppm
25.33 a
* Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
11
Percentage of Rooted Cuttings
Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences observed on the effect of
the different ANAA concentrations applied before planting on the percentage of rooted
cuttings two months from sticking of cutting in 1:1 part by volume of alnus leaves
compost and sandy soil.
However, it was observed that the highest percentage of rooted cuttings was
obtained from 1000 ppm and 750 ppm of ANAA which had the same means of 93.33%.
Lowest percentage of rooted cuttings was obtained from 500 ppm of ANAA with a mean
of 66.67%.
Table 2. Percentage of rooted cuttings
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(%)
0 ppm
80.00 a
250 ppm
73.33 a
500 ppm
66.67 a
750 ppm
93.33 a
1000 ppm
93.33 a
* Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT.
Average Root Length
Result shows that there were no significant differences noted on the effect of the
different ANAA concentrations on the average length of roots produced by the medinilla
cuttings two months from sticking in the rooting media.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
12
However, the application of 1000 ppm ANAA promoted the production of the
longest roots produced with 0.97 cm followed by those treated with 750 ppm, 250 ppm,
control and 500 ppm with means of 0.95, 0.83, 0.64 and 0.39 cm, respectively.
Average Number of Root Produced per Cuttings
Highly significant differences were obtained on the average number of roots after
sticking on the rooting media as affected by the different concentrations of ANAA used
on Medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
Table 3. Average root length
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(cm)
0 ppm
0.64 a
250 ppm
0.83a
500 ppm
0.39a
750 ppm
0.95a
1000 ppm
0.97a
* Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla treated with 1000 ppm ANAA produced highest
number of roots with a mean of 2.53 roots per cuttings two months from sticking in the
rooting media, followed by those treated with 750 ppm ANAA with the mean of 1.87
roots per cuttings, while shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla treated with 500 ppm ANAA
produced significantly fewer roots with a mean of 1,00 root per cuttings. The lowest
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
13
number of roots were obtained from cuttings treated with 250 ppm ANAA and the
untreated cuttings or control (0 ppm) which had the same mean of 0.80 root per cutting.
These findings corroborate with the statement of Delvin (1977), as cited by
Rillorta (1982), that auxins are very effective for initiating root formation in many plant
species. Hormones may be used to overcome the inherent difficulties encountered in
rooting of cuttings but many also inhibit the growth of the cuttings if applied at the wrong
concentrations (Bleasedale, 1973).
Table 4. Average number of roots produced per cuttings
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
0 ppm
0.80c
250 ppm
0.80c
500 ppm
1.00b
750 ppm
1.87ab
1000 ppm
2.53a
* Means of the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT.
Average Shoot Length
Results show that there were no significant differences on the length of shoots
produced as affected by different ANAA concentrations measured 60 days from
treatment. Nevertheless, dipping cuttings in 1000 ppm ANAA prior to rooting produced
the longest shoots with a mean of 34.33 cm, while the untreated cuttings or control (0
ppm) had the shortest shoots at 12.67 cm.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
14
These findings conform with the earlier study by Amlos (1998) that application of
ANAA at lower rates effected no significant differences on the number of days from
sticking of cuttings to opening of lateral buds, final length of shoots, leaf number, and
percentage of rooted cuttings.
Table 5. Average shoot length
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(cm)
0 ppm
12.67a
250 ppm
13.40a
500 ppm
14.00a
750 ppm
17.67a
1000 ppm
34.33a
*Means of the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
15
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Division, HORTI
Research Area, Benguet State University , La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2006 to
January 2007 to determine the effect of different concentrations of ANAA on the rooting
characteristics and shoot growth of Medinilla shoot tip cuttings, and to evaluate the best
concentrations of ANAA for faster and uniform rooting of Medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
Results showed that treated cuttings with ANAA initiated shoots earlier, had the
highest percentage of rooted cuttings and the longest shoots.
Among the treated cuttings, earlier root formation was observed in those treated
with 1000 ppm ANAA, developed he highest number of roots and the longest shoots two
months from sticking in the rooting media. Medinilla cuttings treated with 750 ppm and
1000 ppm produced the same percentage of rooted cuttings.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of 750 and 1000
ppm ANAA IMPROVED ROOTING OF Medinilla shoot tip cuttings. It is further
concluded that Medinilla shoot tip cuttings can be induced to produce roots significantly
earlier with dipping the basal ends of cuttings in 750 and 1000 ppm ANAA concentration
for 30 minutes prior to sticking in rooting media of 1:1 alnus leaves compost and sandy
loam soil.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
16
Recommendation
In the propagation of Medinilla dipping shoot tip cuttings for 30 minutes in 750
and 1000 ppm ANAA prior to sticking them in the rooting media is recommended since
it hastened earlier root initiation, promoted the production of more number of longer
roots produced longer shoots per cuttings. It is further recommended that another study
using varying concentrations of other rooting hormones in other horticultural crops
propagated through shoot tip cuttings should be conducted to avoid using these hormones
indiscriminately and as guide to growers on the best technique to use to produce faster
and uniform rooting.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
17
LITERATURE CITED
ADRIANCE, G.W. and F.R. BRISON. 1955. Propagation of Horticultural Plants. New
York Mc Graw-hill Book Co Inc. Pp. 119-131.
AMLOS, B.B. 1998. Influence of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid and gibberellic acid on
root development and initial growth of tea stem cuttings. BS thesis. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-26.
ANONYMOUS, 1999. 500 Popular Plants. Australia: Random House Pty., LTD. P.96.
200 World Book Encyclo. 16:473.
APNOYAN, P.S. 1981. Influence of different sexual propagation techniques on the
percentage survival and root initiation of hard-to root Chrysanthemum
Morifolium cultivar. BS Thesis. Mountain State Agricultural College, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 47.
ARORA, J.J. 1992. Introductory to Ornamental Horticulture. New Delhi, India, Kalyang
Publ. P. 136.
BAUTISTA, O.K., H.V. VALMAYOR, P.C. TABORA. JR., R.R.C. ESPINO and J.S.
SANGALANG., 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. UPLB, Los Banos,
Laguna. Pp. 134-140.
BLEASEDALE, J.K. 1973. Plant Physiology in Relation to Horticulture: London: The
Mc Millan Press Ltd. Pp. 150-155.
BROWN, L.V. 1996. Applied Principles of Horticulture Science. Oxford Butterworth
Heinenmann, P. 202.
CALIXTO, M.T. 2004. Rooting characteristics of Azalea (Rhododendron sp) as affected
by different concentrations of ANAA and Hormex. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 5, 21-22.
DELVIN, R.M. 1977. Plant Physiology. New York: Von Nostrout Reinhold Co. Pp.
387-484.
EDMUND, J.B., F.S. ANDREW and T.L. SEN. 1978. Fundamentals of Horticulture
New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Inc. P. 197.
FLETCHER, W.W. and R.C. KIRLWOOD. 1982. Herbicides and Plant Growth
Regulators. Great Britain: Granada Publ., Ltd. P.70.
GASPER, T. and M. HOFINGER, 1989. Auxin Metabolism During Rooting in
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
18
Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings. Agros Alba. I. Physiol. 51-214-216.
HALFACRE, R.G. and J.A. BARDEN. 1979. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices.
New Delphi. India: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Pp. 305 –578.
HARTMAN, H.T. and KESTER, 1968. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. New
Delphi, India: Presence Hall of India Private Limited Pp. 305 –507.
INGLES, J.L. 1994. Ornamental Horticulture. Science Operation and Management 2nd
ed. New York: Delmar Publisher Inc. Pp. 316-318.
JACOB, R.C. 1974. Plant Physiology. P. Van Nostrand Co. New York; Pp. 435 –542.
JANICK, J. 1972. Horticultural Science. San Francisco N.H. Freeman and Co. Pp. 346-
351.
MACLI-ING, G.B. 2004. Rooting characteristics of Milflores (Hydrangea macrophylla)
as affected by kinds of stem cuttings and different rooting hormones. BS Thesis.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-26.
MC DANIEL, G.L. 1982. Ornamental Horticulture. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey;
Prentice Hall. Inc. P. 166.
REILEY, E.H. and C.L. SHRY Jr. 1991. Introductory Horticulture. New York: Delmar
Publ. Pp. 196-198.
RILLORTA, A.S. 1982. Root initiation of hard to root Chrysanthemum “Bowl of Gold’
Cuttings. BS Thesis. Mountain State Agricultural College, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Pp. 13-25.
WEAVER, R.T. 1972. Plant Growth Substance in Agriculture. San Francisco,
California. W.H. Freeman and Co. Pp. 128.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
19
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Days from sticking to root formation (0.5 cm)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
42
30
36
108
36.00
C2
39
30
37
106
35.33
C3
31
34
34
99
33.00
C4
29
25
35
89
29.67
C5
25
24
27
76
25.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
233.733
58.433
3.28 ns
3.48
5.99
Error
10
176.000
17.800
Total
14
411.733
ns = not significant Coefficient of variation = 13.24%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
20
Appendix Table 2. Percentage of rooted cuttings (%)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
60.0
100.0
80.0
240.0
80.0
C2
80.0
60.0
80.0
220.0
73.3
C3
60.0
80.0
60.0
200.0
66.7
C4
80.0
100.0
100.0
280.0
93.3
C5
80.0
100.0
100.0
280.0
93.3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
1706.667
426.667
2.29ns
3.48
5.99
Error
10
1866.667
186.667
Total
14
3573.333
ns = not significant Coefficient of variation = 16.80%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
21
Appendix Table 3. Average root length (cm)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
0.6
1.0
0.8
2.4
0.8
C2
1.00
0.60
0.8
2.4
0.8
C3
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
C4
1.8
2.2
1.6
5.6
1.87
C5
1.6
3.6
2.4
7.6
2.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
7.373
1.787
7.55**
3.48
5.99
Error
10
2.37367
0.237
Total
14
9.520
** = Highly significant Coefficient of variation = 34.80%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
22
Appendix Table 4. Average number of root produced per cuttings.
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
0.6
1.0
0.8
2.4
0.8
C2
1.00
0.60
0.8
2.4
0.8
C3
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
C4
1.8
2.2
1.6
5.6
1.87
C5
1.6
3.6
2.4
7.6
2.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
7.373
1.787
7.55**
3.48
5.99
Error
10
2.37367
0.237
Total
14
9.520
** = Highly significant Coefficient of variation = 34.80%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
23
Appendix Table 5. Shoot length (cm)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
15.0
11.5
11.5
38.0
12.67
C2
6.0
27.2
7.0
40.2
13.4
C3
8.0
27.0
7.0
42.0
14.0
C4
10.5
32.0
10.5
53.0
17.67
C5
33.0
35.0
33.0
101.0
33.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
994.917
248.729
2.90 ns
3.48
5.99
Error
10
859.160
85.916
Total
14
1854.077
ns = not significant Coefficient of variation = 50.34%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
DELA ROSA, JEANIFRE P. APRIL 2007. Rooting Characteristics of
Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different Concentrations of
ANAA. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of
ANAA on the rooting characteristic and shoot growth of Medinilla shoot tip cutting, and
to evaluate the best concentration of ANAA suited for faster and uniform rooting of
cuttings.
Results showed that cuttings treated with 750 and 1000 ppm ANAA formed roots
and initiated shoot earlier; had the highest percentage of rooted cuttings, had the longest
shoot length and root length two months after sticking of shoot tip cuttings in 1:1 alnus
leaves compost and sandy loam soil.
Findings showed that the untreated or control had significantly delayed root
formation compared to the treated cuttings.
These findings showed that dipping shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla for 30 minutes
in 750 ppm to 1000 ppm ANAA prior to rooting is recommended since it hastened earlier
root initiation, promoted the production more number of longer roots and shoots per
cuttings two months from sticking in the rooting media.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Days from Sticking to Visible
Root Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Percentage of Rooted Cuttings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Average Root Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Average Number of Root Produced
per Cuttings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Average Shoot Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
ii
INTRODUCTION
Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica. Lindi) belongs to the family Melastomataceae
Juss. This erect shrub stands 6 ft (1.8m) tall is usually found as an epiphyte in its
Philippine homeland. Its stems may be ribbed or even winged and its rich glossy green
leaves grow to about 12 inches (30 cm) long and have obvious paler veins. Its small pink
flowers are produced throughout spring and summer in long pendulous panicles to 18
inches (45 cm); these are made even more obvious because of the large pink bracts
attached to the flower clusters.
Most species only grow outdoors in the tropics. They can be cultivated as
greenhouse and houseplants, but it cannot tolerate winter minimums below 64ºF (18ºC).
The plants are usually grown in rich, moist, well-drained, humus-rich soil in partial
shade. They need regular watering and feeding during the growing season. It can be
propagated from seeds or cuttings. The exotic pink flower heads can reach up to 50 cm
in length hanging down from the main plant. In addition, the plant has large oval dark
green leaves with light veining. Truly, it is an incredible houseplant.
Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants, native to tropical
regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70
species) and Southern Asia to the western Pacific Ocean Islands. The genus was named
after Ide Medinilla, governor of the Mariana Islands in 1820.
They are evergreen shrubs on lianas with leaves that are opposite or whorled or
alternate in some species. The flowers are white or pink which are produced in large
panicles. The following are some selected species of medinilla: Medinilla arboricola
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
2
China, Medinilla assomica China, Medinilla cumigii, Philippines. Medinilla erthrophylla
China, Nepal, Medinilla fengii China, Medinilla fengii China, Medinilla foresana China,
Medinilla himalayana China, Medinilla magnifica, Philippines, Medinilla multiflora,
Philippines, Medinilla venosa Indonesia, and Philippines.
Auxins are commonly used and recommended by scientists to improve in root
development of cuttings. However, farmers are usually not properly informed on the
kind of auxins and concentrations to use. Besides, before the use of auxins as synthetic
root promoting growth regulators in rooting stem cuttings, many chemicals were tried
with limited success. The cuttings of some difficult-to-root species still root poorly after
treatment with auxins. Hence, auxins are not always the limiting chemical component in
rooting.
Therefore, problems on the quality and rate of rooting maybe solved by using
appropriate growth regulators, concentrations, formulations and application.
The study was conducted to: determine the effect of different concentrations of
(ANAA) on the rooting characteristics and shoot growth of medinilla shoot tip cuttings,
and to evaluate the best concentration/s of ANAA for faster and uniform rooting of
medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Division, HORTI
Research Area, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2006 to
January, 2007.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cutting as Propagules
The use of terminal shoot tip cuttings is from 3-5 inches in length and should have
6-8 leaves on the terminal shoot (Mc Daniel, 1982). Stem cuttings used are with lateral
or terminal buds (Bautista et al, 1983) which are capable of developing adventitious roots
as its basal portion eventually producing a plant.
Hartman and Kester (1968 and 1975), stated that softwood cuttings generally root
easier and quicker than hardwood cuttings because they readily respond to treatments
with root promoting substances. They stated further that stem cuttings in the most
practical and economical method of propagating ornamental shrubs.
According to Apnoyan (1981) propagation by cutting has the advantages of
making possible to produce genetically identical rootstock of trees, in contrast to the
wide genetic variation found in seedlings. Thus, cuttings would provide a mean of
multiplying superior rootstocks, if such rootstocks are developed.
Rooting Hormones
Rooting hormones help in the stimulation of root initiation with a larger
percentage of roots formed in cuttings and a faster rooting time. Growth regulators may
alter the type of roots formed as well as the number of roots produced (Brown, 1996).
Rieley and Shry (1999) reported that the development of rooting hormones made the
possibility of rooting certain plat cuttings that were considered impossible to root before.
This chemical also shortened the length of time required to root cuttings.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
4
In 1982, Fletcher and Kirlwood stated that plant growth regulators have found a
wide application in horticulture, particularly for the stimulation of rooting, fruit set and
fruit thinning. Furthermore, Hartmann and Kester (1968) reported that application of
growth regulators to cuttings is important for the improvement of the quality of roots
formed, stimulation of root initiation and for the acceleration of rooting of cuttings.
Janick (1972) mentioned that the rooting of cuttings positively influenced by
auxins. The auxins level is closely related with adventitious rooting of stem cuttings. It
was also noted that in a variety of such compounds, the greatest degree of success has
been achieved with IBA.
Rooting hormones are generally used to aid in root formation. Some plants more
easily than others because they produce higher level of natural hormones. These plants
need less synthetic rooting hormones to root satisfactorily (Ingles, 1994).
Hormone Concentrations
Bleasedale (1973) stated that hormones maybe used to overcome the inherent
difficulties encountered in rooting cuttings but can also inhibit the growth of the cuttings
if applied at the wrong concentrations. This so because high concentrations maybe in
effective (Halface and Barden, 1979). Root formation is more stimulated at lower
concentrations than shoot formation (Bedwell, 1979).
Adriance and Brison (1955) reported the growth regulators are more effective if
the concentrations is just below toxic level. Weaver (1972) added that high
concentrations of growth regulators do not produce abnormalities in root formation and
necrosis on tissues.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
5
Macli-ing (2004) stated that dipping of milflores shoot tip cuttings in 500 ppm
ANAA is the best concentration since it hastened early root initiation, promoted the
production of longer roots and more produced per cuttings.
Calixto (2004), reported that application of 500 to 750 ppm concentrations of
ANAA and Hormex can improve rooting of azalea cuttings because they promoted earlier
callus formation, initiated earlier opening of buds, produced the highest number of roots,
longer roots, and longest shoots in the cuttings.
Misting
Cuttings can absorb small amounts of water through its cut ends. The amount
absorbed is not enough to replace the amount normally lost through the process of
transpiration. Thus, transpiration has to be slowed down by keeping the relative humidity
high in the vicinity of the cuttings and keeping the temperature relatively lower. Misting
or sprinkling water can increase relative humidity.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
6
METHODOLOGY
Materials
The materials used in the study were shoot tip cuttings of medinilla about 6 inches
long, rooting hormones (ANAA), pruning shear, 6 x6 inches polyethylene bags,
graduated cylinder, labeling materials, compost and sandy loam soil (:1).
Methods
Experimental design and treatments. The experiment was laid out in Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 samples per treatment replicated 3 times.
The treatments were as follows:
ANAA concentration (ppm)
C1
Control (tap water only)
C2
250
C3
500
C4
750
C5
1000
Shoot tip cuttings preparation. The cuttings were cleaned/trimmed and 2-3 nodes
retained on the shoot tip cuttings. The stem ends of the samples were cut into a slanting
manner before dipping for 30 minutes in different ANAA concentrations and then rooted
under partial shade in 1:1 compost and sandy loam soil under greenhouse conditions.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
7
Care and maintenance. This was done to all cuttings throughout the duration of
the study.
Data to be Gathered
The following data were gathered and subjected to analysis of variance and mean
separation test by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were as follows:
1. Days from Sticking to Visible Root Formation. (0.5 cm). This was gathered by
counting the number of days from treatment to visible root formation through
destructive sampling method. There were 2 samples per treatment using white
plastic.
2. Percentage of rooted cuttings(%). This was obtained one month after sticking of
the cuttings in the rooting media using the formula;
Number of rooted cuttings
% of rooted cuttings =_______________________ x 100
Total number of cuttings
3. Average root length (cm). The length of roots for every cutting was measured
one month after planting and the average root length was computed as follows:
Length of roots
Average root length = ______________________________
Number of roots produced per plant
4. Average number of root produced /cuttings. All formed roots of every cuttings
were counted from sticking of cuttings in the rooting media and were computed as
follows:
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
8
Total number of roots produced
Average = __________________________
Number of samples planted
5. Shoot length (cm). This was gathered two months from rooting.
6. Documentation. Documentation of the study was done through print pictures as
shown in figure 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows the I=overview of the experiment at the
start or set-up of the trails and figure 2 shows the experiment at termination stage.
It also shows the effect of the different concentrations of ANAA on the shoot
growth of medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Days from Sticking to Visible Root Formation
Table 1 shows that there were no significant difference among the treated and
untreated cuttings as far as the number of days to root initiation is concerned. However,
the untreated cuttings had delayed root formation compared with the treated cuttings.
Stem cuttings treated with 1000 ppm and 750 ppm ANAA rooted earlier, however, they
were statistically comparable with the other treatments that showed means of 29.33 to
29.67 days from treatment of cuttings. Cutting treated with 500 ppm ANAA initiated
earlier root with root visible after 33 days from the treatment. Longest durations of root
initiations were obtained from cuttings treated with 250ppm and the control with means
of 35.33 and 36 days from treatment respectively.
These results agree with the statement of Bleasedale (1973) that although
hormones were known to promote earlier rooting various kinds of cuttings, it is important
to take into consideration that individual plant species and cultivars need a specific
concentration to be used.
Table 1. Days from sticking to visible root formation
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(DAYS)
0 ppm
36.00 a
250 ppm
35.33 a
500
33.00 a
750 ppm
29.67 a
1000 ppm
25.33 a
* Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
11
Percentage of Rooted Cuttings
Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences observed on the effect of
the different ANAA concentrations applied before planting on the percentage of rooted
cuttings two months from sticking of cutting in 1:1 part by volume of alnus leaves
compost and sandy soil.
However, it was observed that the highest percentage of rooted cuttings was
obtained from 1000 ppm and 750 ppm of ANAA which had the same means of 93.33%.
Lowest percentage of rooted cuttings was obtained from 500 ppm of ANAA with a mean
of 66.67%.
Table 2. Percentage of rooted cuttings
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(%)
0 ppm
80.00 a
250 ppm
73.33 a
500 ppm
66.67 a
750 ppm
93.33 a
1000 ppm
93.33 a
* Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT.
Average Root Length
Result shows that there were no significant differences noted on the effect of the
different ANAA concentrations on the average length of roots produced by the medinilla
cuttings two months from sticking in the rooting media.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
12
However, the application of 1000 ppm ANAA promoted the production of the
longest roots produced with 0.97 cm followed by those treated with 750 ppm, 250 ppm,
control and 500 ppm with means of 0.95, 0.83, 0.64 and 0.39 cm, respectively.
Average Number of Root Produced per Cuttings
Highly significant differences were obtained on the average number of roots after
sticking on the rooting media as affected by the different concentrations of ANAA used
on Medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
Table 3. Average root length
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(cm)
0 ppm
0.64 a
250 ppm
0.83a
500 ppm
0.39a
750 ppm
0.95a
1000 ppm
0.97a
* Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla treated with 1000 ppm ANAA produced highest
number of roots with a mean of 2.53 roots per cuttings two months from sticking in the
rooting media, followed by those treated with 750 ppm ANAA with the mean of 1.87
roots per cuttings, while shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla treated with 500 ppm ANAA
produced significantly fewer roots with a mean of 1,00 root per cuttings. The lowest
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
13
number of roots were obtained from cuttings treated with 250 ppm ANAA and the
untreated cuttings or control (0 ppm) which had the same mean of 0.80 root per cutting.
These findings corroborate with the statement of Delvin (1977), as cited by
Rillorta (1982), that auxins are very effective for initiating root formation in many plant
species. Hormones may be used to overcome the inherent difficulties encountered in
rooting of cuttings but many also inhibit the growth of the cuttings if applied at the wrong
concentrations (Bleasedale, 1973).
Table 4. Average number of roots produced per cuttings
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
0 ppm
0.80c
250 ppm
0.80c
500 ppm
1.00b
750 ppm
1.87ab
1000 ppm
2.53a
* Means of the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT.
Average Shoot Length
Results show that there were no significant differences on the length of shoots
produced as affected by different ANAA concentrations measured 60 days from
treatment. Nevertheless, dipping cuttings in 1000 ppm ANAA prior to rooting produced
the longest shoots with a mean of 34.33 cm, while the untreated cuttings or control (0
ppm) had the shortest shoots at 12.67 cm.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
14
These findings conform with the earlier study by Amlos (1998) that application of
ANAA at lower rates effected no significant differences on the number of days from
sticking of cuttings to opening of lateral buds, final length of shoots, leaf number, and
percentage of rooted cuttings.
Table 5. Average shoot length
ANAA CONCENTRATION
MEAN
(cm)
0 ppm
12.67a
250 ppm
13.40a
500 ppm
14.00a
750 ppm
17.67a
1000 ppm
34.33a
*Means of the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level of DMRT.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
15
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Division, HORTI
Research Area, Benguet State University , La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2006 to
January 2007 to determine the effect of different concentrations of ANAA on the rooting
characteristics and shoot growth of Medinilla shoot tip cuttings, and to evaluate the best
concentrations of ANAA for faster and uniform rooting of Medinilla shoot tip cuttings.
Results showed that treated cuttings with ANAA initiated shoots earlier, had the
highest percentage of rooted cuttings and the longest shoots.
Among the treated cuttings, earlier root formation was observed in those treated
with 1000 ppm ANAA, developed he highest number of roots and the longest shoots two
months from sticking in the rooting media. Medinilla cuttings treated with 750 ppm and
1000 ppm produced the same percentage of rooted cuttings.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of 750 and 1000
ppm ANAA IMPROVED ROOTING OF Medinilla shoot tip cuttings. It is further
concluded that Medinilla shoot tip cuttings can be induced to produce roots significantly
earlier with dipping the basal ends of cuttings in 750 and 1000 ppm ANAA concentration
for 30 minutes prior to sticking in rooting media of 1:1 alnus leaves compost and sandy
loam soil.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
16
Recommendation
In the propagation of Medinilla dipping shoot tip cuttings for 30 minutes in 750
and 1000 ppm ANAA prior to sticking them in the rooting media is recommended since
it hastened earlier root initiation, promoted the production of more number of longer
roots produced longer shoots per cuttings. It is further recommended that another study
using varying concentrations of other rooting hormones in other horticultural crops
propagated through shoot tip cuttings should be conducted to avoid using these hormones
indiscriminately and as guide to growers on the best technique to use to produce faster
and uniform rooting.
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
17
LITERATURE CITED
ADRIANCE, G.W. and F.R. BRISON. 1955. Propagation of Horticultural Plants. New
York Mc Graw-hill Book Co Inc. Pp. 119-131.
AMLOS, B.B. 1998. Influence of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid and gibberellic acid on
root development and initial growth of tea stem cuttings. BS thesis. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-26.
ANONYMOUS, 1999. 500 Popular Plants. Australia: Random House Pty., LTD. P.96.
200 World Book Encyclo. 16:473.
APNOYAN, P.S. 1981. Influence of different sexual propagation techniques on the
percentage survival and root initiation of hard-to root Chrysanthemum
Morifolium cultivar. BS Thesis. Mountain State Agricultural College, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 47.
ARORA, J.J. 1992. Introductory to Ornamental Horticulture. New Delhi, India, Kalyang
Publ. P. 136.
BAUTISTA, O.K., H.V. VALMAYOR, P.C. TABORA. JR., R.R.C. ESPINO and J.S.
SANGALANG., 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. UPLB, Los Banos,
Laguna. Pp. 134-140.
BLEASEDALE, J.K. 1973. Plant Physiology in Relation to Horticulture: London: The
Mc Millan Press Ltd. Pp. 150-155.
BROWN, L.V. 1996. Applied Principles of Horticulture Science. Oxford Butterworth
Heinenmann, P. 202.
CALIXTO, M.T. 2004. Rooting characteristics of Azalea (Rhododendron sp) as affected
by different concentrations of ANAA and Hormex. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 5, 21-22.
DELVIN, R.M. 1977. Plant Physiology. New York: Von Nostrout Reinhold Co. Pp.
387-484.
EDMUND, J.B., F.S. ANDREW and T.L. SEN. 1978. Fundamentals of Horticulture
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Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
19
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Days from sticking to root formation (0.5 cm)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
42
30
36
108
36.00
C2
39
30
37
106
35.33
C3
31
34
34
99
33.00
C4
29
25
35
89
29.67
C5
25
24
27
76
25.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
233.733
58.433
3.28 ns
3.48
5.99
Error
10
176.000
17.800
Total
14
411.733
ns = not significant Coefficient of variation = 13.24%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
20
Appendix Table 2. Percentage of rooted cuttings (%)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
60.0
100.0
80.0
240.0
80.0
C2
80.0
60.0
80.0
220.0
73.3
C3
60.0
80.0
60.0
200.0
66.7
C4
80.0
100.0
100.0
280.0
93.3
C5
80.0
100.0
100.0
280.0
93.3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
1706.667
426.667
2.29ns
3.48
5.99
Error
10
1866.667
186.667
Total
14
3573.333
ns = not significant Coefficient of variation = 16.80%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
21
Appendix Table 3. Average root length (cm)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
0.6
1.0
0.8
2.4
0.8
C2
1.00
0.60
0.8
2.4
0.8
C3
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
C4
1.8
2.2
1.6
5.6
1.87
C5
1.6
3.6
2.4
7.6
2.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
7.373
1.787
7.55**
3.48
5.99
Error
10
2.37367
0.237
Total
14
9.520
** = Highly significant Coefficient of variation = 34.80%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
22
Appendix Table 4. Average number of root produced per cuttings.
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
0.6
1.0
0.8
2.4
0.8
C2
1.00
0.60
0.8
2.4
0.8
C3
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
C4
1.8
2.2
1.6
5.6
1.87
C5
1.6
3.6
2.4
7.6
2.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
7.373
1.787
7.55**
3.48
5.99
Error
10
2.37367
0.237
Total
14
9.520
** = Highly significant Coefficient of variation = 34.80%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
23
Appendix Table 5. Shoot length (cm)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
C1
15.0
11.5
11.5
38.0
12.67
C2
6.0
27.2
7.0
40.2
13.4
C3
8.0
27.0
7.0
42.0
14.0
C4
10.5
32.0
10.5
53.0
17.67
C5
33.0
35.0
33.0
101.0
33.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabular F
Variation
Freedom
Squares
Square
F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
994.917
248.729
2.90 ns
3.48
5.99
Error
10
859.160
85.916
Total
14
1854.077
ns = not significant Coefficient of variation = 50.34%
Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different
Concentrations of ANAA / Jeanifre P. Dela Rosa. 2007
Document Outline
- Rooting Characteristics ofMedinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) as Affected by Different Concentrations ofANAA
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Days from Sticking to Visible Root Formation
- Percentage of Rooted Cuttings
- Average Root Length
- Average Number of Root Produced per Cuttings
- Average Shoot Length
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES