BIBLIOGRAPHY

AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013. Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and
onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga condition. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance and
economics of intercropping lettuce and green onion.
Results showed that significantly higher marketable yield was obtained when
lettuce and green onion was planted alone in two rows per plot or when one row of onion
was intercropped with two rows of lettuce or when lettuce was planted in two rows per
plot. With these intercropping schemes, high return on investment of 320.86% and
253.84% respectively were realized.







Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Harvest
Table 1 shows that lettuce planted in two rows and onion planted in two rows obtained
the tallest height of 31.06 and 52.88 cm respectively. While the shortest length of lettuce
and onion was obtained in two rows green onion + one row of lettuce at 27. 88 and 45.5
cm, respectively.
Average plant weight
Table 2 shows that lettuce and onion with the higher weight was obtained in planting two
rows onion and lettuce alone per plot at 0.51 and 1.21 kg, respectively. While the lowest
weight of lettuce and onion was obtained in planting one row green onion and one row
lettuce at 0.19 and 0.47 kg, respectively.

Table 1. Plant height at harvest (cm)


MEAN (cm)

TREATMENT Lettuce Green Onion
________________________________________________________________________
Two rows onion 52.88ª
Two rows lettuce 31.06 ª
Two rows lettuce + one row green onion 29.88ª 45.69ª
Two rows green onion + one row lettuce 27.88ª 45.5ª
One lettuce + one row green onion 28.56ª 5.75ª


In a column, means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT


Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

Table 2. Average plant weight (kg)


MEAN (kg)

TREATMENT Lettuce Green Onion
________________________________________________________________________
Two rows onion 1.21ª
Two rows lettuce 0.51ª
Two rows lettuce + one row green onion 0.5ª 0.18ª
Two rows green onion + one row lettuce 0.49ª 0.19ª
One lettuce + one row green onion 0.47ª 0.19


In a column, means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT

Marketable Yield
Table 3 shows that lettuce planted in two rows and planting two rows of lettuce + one
row green onion significantly had higher marketable yield of 12.54 kg and 12 kg,
respectively, while the lowest marketable yield of 5.76 kg was obtained from one row
lettuce + one row green onion. In onion, planting two rows green onion alone and planting
two rows green onion + one row lettuce significantly had higher marketable yield of 4.92
kg and 4.68 kg, respectively while the lowest marketable yield of 2.25 kg was obtained
from one row green onion+ one row lettuce.





Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

Table 3. Marketable yield (kg)


MEAN (kg)

TREATMENT Lettuce Green Onion
________________________________________________________________________
Two rows onion 4.92ª
Two rows lettuce 12.54ª
Two rows lettuce + one row green onion 12ª 2.25
Two rows green onion + one row lettuce 5.94 4.68ª
One lettuce + one row green onion 5.76 2.28


In a column, means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT

Non-marketable yield
The non-marketable yield of lettuce and green onion was not significantly affected
by the intercropping schemes evaluated (Table 4).

Table 4. Non-Marketable Yield (kg)
MEAN (kg)

TREATMENT Lettuce Green Onion
________________________________________________________________________
Two rows onion 0
Two rows lettuce 0
Two rows lettuce + one row green onion 0 0
Two rows green onion + one row lettuce 0 0
One lettuce + one row green onion 0 0


In a column, means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

Total Yield
Presented in Table 5 is the yield per plot as affected by different intercropping
schemes evaluated. Results showed that two rows lettuce and two rows lettuce + one row
green onion significantly had the highest total yield of lettuce of 12.54 kg and 12 kg,
respectively. In green onion, planting two rows green onion alone and planting two rows
green onion row lettuce had higher yield of 4.92 kg and 4.68 kg, respectively.

Computed Yield
Presented in Table 6 is the computed yield of lettuce and green onion. Result shows
that lettuce planted in two rows and planting two rows lettuce + one row green onion
significantly had higher computed yield of 27.86 and 26.65 t/ha, respectively. Two rows
green onion and two rows green onion+ one row lettuce significantly had higher computed
total yield of green onion 4.9 and 4.68 t/ha, respectively.

Table 5. Total yield(kg)


MEAN (kg)

TREATMENT Lettuce Green Onion
________________________________________________________________________
Two rows onion 4.9ª
Two rows lettuce 12.54ª
Two rows lettuce + one row green onion 12ª 2.25
Two rows green onion + one row lettuce 5.94 4.68ª
One lettuce + one row green onion 5.76 2.28




Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

In a column, means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT



MEAN (t/ha)

TREATMENT Lettuce Green Onion
________________________________________________________________________
Two rows onion 10.93ª
Two rows lettuce 27.86ª
Two rows lettuce + one row green onion 26.65ª 4.99
Two rows green onion + one row lettuce 13.19 10.39ª
One lettuce + one row green onion 12.66 5.06


In a column, means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT

Other Observations
Incidence of insect pests and diseases. There were no occurrence of insects and diseases
evaluated.
Incidence of allelopathy. The growth and yield of lettuce and green onion was not affected
by possible allelopathy effects of the intercrops.

Economic analysis
Table 7 shows the cost and return analysis of lettuce and green onion production as
affected by different intercropping schemes evaluated. Planting two rows lettuce + one row
green onion and planting two rows of lettuce were more profitable at 320.86% and 252.84,
respectively, while the lowest ROI of 31.03% was realized from planting two rows of green
onion.
Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

Table 7. Economic analysis (20 m² area)
TREATMENT
______________________________________
PARTICULAR T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
________________________________________________________________________
Marketable Yield (kg) 19.68 50.16 57 42.48 31.92
A. Sales (Php) 787.2 2508 2760 1963.8 1504.8
B. Expenses
1. Seeds
a. Lettuce 180 90 180
90
b. green onion 70 35 70
35
2. Fertilizer
a. 14-14-14 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8
55.8
b. 0-0-24 25 25 25 25
25
3. Labor 450 450 450 450 450
________________________________________________________________________
Total Expenses 600.8 710.8 655.8 780.8 655.8
________________________________________________________________________
C. Net Profit 186.4 1797.2 2104.2 1156 849
________________________________________________________________________
D. ROI (%) 31.03 252.84 320.86 148.05
129.46
________________________________________________________________________
E. Rank 5 2 1 3 4
________________________________________________________________________
Note: The selling price of lettuce per kilo during harvest was Php 50.00 while onion was
sold Php 40.00/kg.

Legend:

T1= Two rows green onion
T2= Two rows lettuce
T3= Two rows lettuce + one row green onion
T4= Two rows green onion + one row lettuce
T5= one row lettuce + one row green onion
Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

Figure 1. Overview of the experimental field





Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

A B C






D E





Figure 2. Overview of the treatments in replication 1; (A) Two rows onion (T1); (B) Two
rows lettuce (T2); (C) Two rows lettuce + row onion at the center (T3); (D) Two rows
onion + one row lettuce at the center (T4); (E) One row onion + one row lettuce (T5)



Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

A B C







D E





Figure 2. Overview of the treatments in replication 2; (A) Two rows onion (T1); (B) Two
rows lettuce (T2); (C) Two rows lettuce + row onion at the center (T3); (D) Two rows
onion + one row lettuce at the center (T4); (E) One row onion + one row lettuce (T5)



Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

A B C






D E





Figure 2. Overview of the treatments in replication 3; (A) Two rows onion (T1); (B) Two
rows lettuce (T2); (C) Two rows lettuce + row onion at the center (T3); (D) Two rows
onion + one row lettuce at the center (T4); (E) One row onion + one row lettuce (T5)




Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

A B C







D E



Figure 2. Overview of the treatments in replication 4; (A) Two rows onion (T1); (B) Two
rows lettuce (T2); (C) Two rows lettuce + row onion at the center (T3); (D) Two rows
onion + one row lettuce at the center (T4); (E) One row onion + one row lettuce (T5)



Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
This study was conducted in TinglayanKalinga from October 2012 and February
2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of lettuce and green onion intercropped with one
another, asses the economics of intercropping lettuce and green onion, and to determine
the appropriate intercropping schemes for lettuce and green onion.
Results showed that planting two rows green onion and two rows lettuce alone per
plot obtained the longest length at 31.06 cm and 52.88 cm, respectively. Planting two rows
of lettuce per plot and two rows of onion per plot significantly had the higher weight of
0.51 and 1.21, respectively. There were no Non-marketable yield and No incidence of
insect pests and diseases evaluated.Result shows that lettuce planted in two rows and
planting two rows lettuce + one row green onion significantly had higher computed yield
of 27.86 and 26.65 t /ha, respectively. Two rows green onion and two rows green onion+
one row lettuce significantly had higher computed total yield of green onion at 4.9 and 4.68
t/ha, respectively.
Results of the study also showed that significantly higher marketable yield was
obtained when lettuce was planted alone per plot in two rows or when one row of green
onion was intercropped at the center of two rows of green onion and these intercropping
schemes affected high return on investment of 320.86% and 252.84%, respectively.
Observations also show that lettuce and onion are compatible crops.


Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

Conclusion
Based on the results, it is inferred that planting two rows of lettuce or two rows of
lettuce plus one row green onion per plot have the high yield and high return of investment.
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended, that intercropping of green onions and lettuce grows
well under Tinglayan, Kalinga conditon. Intercropping two rows of lettuce plus one row of
green onion or two rows of lettuce per plot should be done to obtain higher yield of the
crops and greater profit per area.











Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. 1976. Philippne Recommendations forSoybean. PCARRD. Soybean
MultipleCropping. Page 32.

ALLAN, W. K. 1968. Intercroppingonion with Chinese Cabbage. BS Thesis. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 2-3

BAWANG, F. T. and L. B. VICTOR. 1993. CroppingPattern for Highland Vegetable
Crops. MSAC Research Journal.Vol. 13. Pp. 2-5

BENTA, G. R. 1973. Economics of irrigating cropping system.UPLB.IRRI. P. 8.

BIGLETE, C. F. 1970. Sugar Farmers Bulletin. Quezon City, Philippines: Sugar institute.
P. 13.

BORBE, R. B. 1964. Mixed intercropping yard long corn. BS Thesis. UPLB-CA as cited
by Victor L.B. 1979. Bushbean and green onion in two locations and season.PhD.
Dissertation, UPLB-CA. Pp. 6-9.

DOLIQUE, V. B. 1982. The effect of intercropping snap bean on the growth and yield of
garden pea under different plot orientation. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad,Benguet. Pp. 3-5.

ESTAQUE, R. B. 1975. Performance of corn intercropped with radish mongo and pepper.
BS Thesis. Mountain State Agricultural College, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 5-7.

FERNANDEZ, L. C. and D, P. PADUA. 1983. Intercropping potato, lettuce, green onion,
celery and carrot. MSAC Research Journal.Vol. 13. P. 3.

FLOYD, J. W. 1935. Productive Vegetable Growing. Chicago. Philadelphia, Lippincott
Co. Pp. 240-241.

HALOG, R. B. 1976. Spacing and Mulching study on green onion during rainy season at
La Trinidad, Benguet Conditions. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. l.

KNOTT, J. E. &DEANON, JR.. 1967. Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia Los
Baños,Laguna: University of the Philippines College of Agriculture Press, Pp. 189-
220.

LIEBMAN, M. and E. DYCK.1993. Crop Rotation and Intercropping Strategies for Weed
Management. New York. Research Journal.Vol. 3. Pp. 8-10.

Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---

LITHOURGIDIS, A.S. 2006.Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat
and triticalein two seeding ratios. Field Crop Res. 99: 106-113.

MENDIOLA, N. B. 1958. Principle of Crop Production.United Calculation Inc.
Philippines.Pp.288-294.

OUMA, G. 2009. Intercropping and its application to banana production.Journal of Plant
Breeding and Crop Science Vol.1(2). Department of Botany and Horticulture,
Maseno University.Pp.013–015.

PETATE, E.P. 2007. Effects of Different Mulching Materials on the growth and yield of
greenonion. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. Page 1.

RAYMOND, T. M. 1971. Intercropping Techniques can Maximize Production Per Unit
Area, Crop Production. P. 101.

RICHERSON, G. 2010. Intercropping Importance. New York. Woman‟s World Magazine
and Ladies‟ Home Journal.Pp .7-9

SOLOMON, S. 2000. Growing Vegetables West of the Cascades. Sasquath Books. P.
264

THOMPSON and KELLY. 1959. Vegetable Crops. 5thed. New York.McGrawhill Book
Co. Inc. P. 151.

TOBIA, O. T. 1980. Performance of snap beans intercropped with different crops.BS
Thesis.Mountain State Agricultural College. La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 6.

TOCDANGAN, M.L.C.L. 2007. Growth and yield performance of romaine lettuce
„Xanadu‟ Applied with Varying Rates of liquid Bio-fertilizer. BS Thesis. Benguet
state University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-3.

TOLEDO, P. E. and C. J. OLIVEROS. 1977. Growing cabbage with minimum tillage and
intercropping under MSAC condition. MSAC Research journal.Vol.1.No. 1. Pp. 105-
113.

UICHANCO, D. F. 1959. The intercropping of sweet potao with corn had no influence on
maturity of the latter or its marketable green ears and strover. UP College of
Agriculture. P. 40.

VICTOR, L. B. 1979. Multiple compatibility of cabbage, tomato, bush bean and green
onion in two locations and seasons.PhD Dissertation. UPLB, College Laguna. Pp. 37,
58, 75, 94.

Intercropping Lettuce (Lactuva sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) under Tinglayan, Kalinga
condition | AGOD, ESTHER B. APRIL 2013

---