BIBLIOGRAPHY MANGINGA, LYNARES P....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013. Effect of Different Pinching Frequency
on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla Species. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli Ladilad, PhD
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of different pinching frequencies
on the improvement of the flowering quality of three species of medinilla grown from
lateral shoots which were pinched once at one month from transplanting, twice at one and
two months from transplanting; and pinched thrice at one, two and three months from
transplanting. The three species of medinilla grown were M. aphelandra, M. multiflora &
M. scortechenii.
Results showed that plants of M. scortechenii had the highest number of laterals
and leaves per plant, three months from transplanting. Unpinched plants produced the least
number of leaves and laterals per plant at three months from transplanting; It also
produced the lowest number of flower panicles per plant at three months from
transplanting. Plants M. aphelandra and M. multiflora which were pinched thrice at one,
two and three months produced the fewest flowers at three months from transplanting .
However, M. multiflora and M. scortechenii which were pinched twice at one and two
months from transplanting, 50% anthesis was highly significantly delayed. M. multiflora
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
produced the earlier flowering and had faster flower development in two species of
Medinilla which were the M. multiflora and M. aphelandra.
Based on the findings, it is concluded that M. aphelandra is the best species of
Medinilla flower to grow since it produced highest number of flower panicle together with
M. scortechenii which produced more laterals and many flowers later on.
Pinching frequency to be applied is based on the purpose of the grower. If the
grower wishes to produce more flowers and laterals, Pinched thrice at one, two and three
months from transplanting.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Number of the Leaves per Plant at Transplanting
Effect of species. Significantly differences obtained on the initial number of leaves
on the three species of medinilla at transplanting (Table 1). Plant M.
scortechenii was significantly had the higher number of leaves than the other species with
a mean of 87.83 leaves per plant. Plant M. aphelandra were counted with a mean of 53.25
leaves per plant. M multiflora had the lowest number of leaves with a mean of 35.17 leaves
per plant.
Table 1. Initial number of the leaves at transplanting time
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
53.25b
M. multiflora
35.17c
M. scortechenii
87.83a
Pinching Frequency
Control
54.44a
Pinched once at month from transplanting
63.22a
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
60a
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from
57.33a
transplanting
CV(%)= 10.34
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT.
Effect of pinching frequency. Table 1 shows that there were significantly differences on
the characteristics were counted on the initial number of the leaves per plant (Fig.1).M.
scortechenii had the characteristics of higher number of the leaves produce since pinching
was not yet applied this species had significantly had the characteristic of higher number
of leaves per plant with a means ranging from 86 to 90 leaves per plant. This means that
M. scortechenii species had the highest number of the leaves without pinching.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis shows that there were significantly
differences characteristics were obtained on the initial number of the leaves per plant at
transplanting (Fig. 1). M. scortechenii had the characteristics of the highest number of the
leaves since pinching was not yet applied this species had shown significantly high with
regards to the number of leaves which rich a means of ranging from 84 leaves to 94 leaves
per plant. This was followed by M. aphelandra with a means ranging from 60 to 61
leaves per plant after transplanting compared to M. multiflora species which had the
characteristics of lowest numbers of leaves from transplanting with a mean ranging from
34.33 to 41 leaves. This means that M. scortechenii species has the highest number of the
leaves even without pinching based on the result.
Initial Height of the Plant after Transplanting (cm)
Effect of species. Highly significant differences were obtained on the initial height of the
plantmeasured at transplanting time (Table 2). Plants M. aphelandra had the characteristic
of tallest plant at transplanting with a mean of 52.88 cm. It was significantly taller
compared to the height of the plants at transplanting measured from the other species of
medinilla. Plants of M. multiflora and M. scortenechii had comparable initial height at
transplanting with means of 28.33cm to 52.88cm.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency.Unpinched plant had the characteristics of a longest plant
since pinching was not yet applied but still had shown significantly high with regards to
the number of leaves which had a mean of 40.11 cm. This was followed by treatment three
with a mean of 38.72cm. The shortest plant were measured from unpiched plant with a
mean of 37.33cm.
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had greatly influenced the initial height.
Interaction effect. Figure 2 shows that highly significant were obtained on the initial height
per plant after transplanting as shown in table two. Medinilla aphelandra had the
characteristics of faster growth since pinching was not yet applied but still this species had
shown significantly high with regards to plant height which reached a mean ranging from
47.17cm to 58 cm plant height after transplanting compared toM. multiflora species which
had produced shorter plants from transplanting with a mean of only 24 cm. this means that
medinilla species has the fast growth characteristics even without pinching based on the
result.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
100
a
M. aphelandra
a
90
a
a
M. multiflora
n
s
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
80
M. scortechenii
m tra
70
ro
f
b
b
60
v
es
b
l
ea
50
c
c
c
t
h
e
40
cd
er of
30
d
20
n
u
mb
10
i
t
i
al
In
0
control
pinched once
pinched twice
pinched thrice
Figure 1. Initial number of the leaves at transplanting time as influenced by variety and
pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter are significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Table 2. Initial height of the plants at transplanting time
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
52.88 a
M. multiflora
28.33c
M. scortechenii
33. 83b
Pinching Frequency
Control
37.33
Pinched once at month from transplanting
40.11
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
37.22
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
38.72
CV(%)= 12.34
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Initial Number of Laterals One Months from Transplanting
Effect of species. Highly significant were obtained on the initial number of laterals on the
three species of medinilla after three months from transplanting ( Table3). M. scortechenii
was highly significant than the other species with the mean of 42.92 laterals. Plants M.
multiflora were counted with a mean of 16.58 laterals. The lowest number of laterals were
counted from M. aphelandra with a mean of 14.50 laterals, one month from transplanting.
Results showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species
great influence the initial number of laterals.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
70
M. aphelandra
a
ng
60
M. multiflora
ab
a
nti
ab
M. scrotechenii
50
b
a
nspl
r tr
fte
40
c
c
cd cde
cde
cde
plant a
30
de
e
of the
20
ight
10
Initial he
0
Control
Pinched once Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 2. Initial height of the plant at transplanting as influenced by variety and pinching
frequency.(Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Table 3. Initial number of laterals at transplanting time
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
14.50b
M. multiflora
16.58b
M. scortechenii
42.92a
Pinching Frequency
Control
28.00a
Pinched once at month from transplanting
24.67b
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
25.22b
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
20.78c
CV(%)= 10.72
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency.The different pinching frequencies highly significant
affected the initial number of laterals of the three species of medinilla at one month from
transplanting (Table 3). Highest number of laterals were measured from the unpinched
since pinching was not yet applied but still had shown significantly high with regards to
the number of laterals which had a mean of 28 laterals. However, lateral number of plant
were comparable with those on treatment one and treatment two from transplanting which
had the mean of 24.67 and 25.22 laterals; while the lowest number of laterals with the mean
of 20.78 were obtained from those in treatment three.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. Figure 3shows that highly significant were obtained on the initial number
of laterals at one month from transplanting per plant one month from transplanting.
Medinilla scortechenii had the characteristics of the highest number of laterals since
pinching was not yet applied but still this species had shown significantly high with regards
to the number of laterals which reached a means ranging from 40.33 to 46 laterals after
transplanting. This was followed by M. aphelandra with a means ranging 10.67 laterals
after transplanting compared to M. multiflora species which had produced lowest number
of laterals from transplanting with a mean of only 9 laterals. This means that Medinilla
scortechenii had the highest number of laterals even without pinching based on the results.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
50
a
M. aphelandra
45
ab
M. multiflora
ab
ng
b
a
nti
40
M. scortechenii
nspl
ra
35
om t
30
h fr
25
c
o
n
e
mont
cd
20
r
a
ls
de
def
late
15
efg
efg
r of
be
fg g
10
5
Initial num
0
Control
pinched once pinched twice pinched thrice
Figure 3. Initial number of laterals one month from transplanting as influenced by variety
and pinching frequency. ( Mean with a common letter are not significant at 5 % level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Final Height Three Months after Transplanting
Effect of species. Significantly differences were obtained on the final height of the three
species of medinilla after three months from transplanting (Table 4).M. aphelandra was
significantly taller than the other species with a mean height of 158.12 cm. Plants of
M.scortechenii were short with a mean height of 111.08; while the shortest plants were
measured from plants of M. multiflora with the mean height of only 85.00 cm three months
from transplanting.
Results showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had great influenced the final height attained at three months from transplanting.
Table 4. Final height of the plants three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
158.13a
M. multiflora
85c
M. scortechenii
111.08b
Pinching Frequency
Control
111.44b
Pinched once at month from transplanting
120.7ab
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
126.a
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
213.94b
CV(%)= 8.72
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequencies applied significantly
affected the final height of the three species of medinilla after three months from
transplanting (Table 4). The tallest plants were measured from the plants which were
pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting with a mean of 126.11 cm at three
months old. However, plant heights were comparable with those that were pinch once at
one month from transplanting which had the mean of 120.78 cm. Plants that were pinched
thrice at one, two and three months after transplanting had a plant height of 113.94 cm;
while the shortest plants with the mean of 111.44 cm were obtained from those in the
control plants.
Interaction effect.Highly significant differences were obtained on the final height of
medinilla species as affected by pinching as shown in (Figure 4). M. aphelandra pinched
twice at one and two months from transplanting enhanced plant growth with a mean
reached 180.67cm. per plant. Followed by the same species that was pinched once at one
month from transplanting comparable to unpinched species of M. aphelandra with means
of 158 and 162.33. M. scortechenii which produce the shortest plants had a means ranging
from 69.67 cm to 96.00 cm. This means that pinching twice of M. aphelandra, pinched
twice at one and two months from transplanting enhanced faster growth of this species
based from the result.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
200
M. aphelandra
a
d
180
M. multiflora
hs ol
b
b
160
M. scortechenii
e
mont
140
c
hre
t t
cd
120
cde
de
de
a
plant a
ef
ef
100
ll
dini
fg
80
g
60
h
t of me
ig
40
inal he
F
20
0
Control
piched once Piched twice Pinche thrice
Figure 4. Final height (cm) of medinilla three months old from transplanting as influenced
by variety and pinching frequency. (Means with a common letter are not significant
different at 5 % level by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Number of Leaves Three Months from Transplanting
Effect of species.Significantly differences were obtained on the number of leaves
at three months from transplanting (Table 5). Plant M. scortechenii was significantly the
highest number of the leaves than the other species of medinilla with amean of 106.92
leaves per plant. It was followed by M. aphelandra with a mean of 84.25 leaves per plant.
The lowest numbers of the leaves were counted from the species of M. multiflora with a
mean of 71.75 leaves per plant.
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had great influenced the number of the leaves attained at three months from transplanting.
Effect of pinching frequency.The different pinching frequency applied significantly
affected the final height of the three species of medinilla after three months from
transplanting (Table 5). The highest number of the leaves from transplanting were counted
in M. scortechenii which is pinched thrice at one, two and three months after transplanting
had a mean of 90 leaves per plant. It was followed by treatment one which is pinched once
at one month with a mean of 87.89. However the lowest number of the leaves was obtained
with those that were pinched thrice at one, two and three months and for those were not
pinched had a means of 86 leaves per plant.
Interaction effect. Significantly different were obtained on the number of leaves of
medinilla species as affected by pinching as shown in (Figure 5). PlantM.scortechenii
pinched twice at one, two and three months enhanced the number of the leaves with a mean
of 108 leaves per plant. It was followed by the same species unpinched plant of M.
scortechenii with a mean of 107.33 leaves per plant. M. aphelandra produce leaves with a
mean ranging from 63.33 to 88 leaves per plant. Plant that were produce the lowest number
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
of leaves were counted from M. multiflora with a mean ranging from 66 to 88.67 leaves
per plant. This means that pinched thrice at one, two and three months of M. scortechenii
produce the highest number of the leaves per plant based on the result.
Table 5. Number of leaves at three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
84.25b
M. multiflora
71.75c
M. scortechenii
106.92a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
86.67a
Pinch once at one months from transplanting
87.89a
Pinch twice at one and two months from transplanting
90a
Pinch trice at one, two and three months from transplanting
86a
CV9%)= 3.39%
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
d
hs ol
e
mont
hre
t t
s a
a
ve
the le
r of
Numbe
120
M. aphelandra
a
a
a
a
M. multiflora
M. scortechenii
100
b
b
c
c
80
d
d
d
d
60
40
20
0
Control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 5. Number of the leaves at three months old as influenced by variety and pinching
frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by
DMRT)
L
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Number of Laterals produced Three Months from Transplanting.
Effect of species. Table 6 shows that there were highly significant differences with
regards to the effect of the three different species of medinilla in the number of laterals
counted from three months old plant. Table 3 shows that M. aphelandra and M. multiflora
produced lower number of laterals three months after transplanting with means of 75.83
and 74.333, respectively, while M. scortechenii produced the highest number of laterals
with a mean of 174.92 per plant.
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequency used effect highly
significantly differences on the number of laterals produced three months after
transplanting of the medinilla plants (Table 6). Unpinched plants produced the lowest
number of laterals with mean of only 70.44, followed by plants pinched once at one months,
twice at one and two months after transplanting with a mean of 105.11, 123.56 laterals,
respectively. Plants that were pinched thrice at one, two and three months after
transplanting promoted the production of the highest number of laterals with a mean of
134.33 after three months from transplanting. Results showed that the number of laterals
produce was significantly increased with the increase in the number of pinching applied
in medinilla plants, that is, from 105.111 to 134.333 laterals per plant.
Interaction effect.Results show that highly significant interaction effects, between the three
medinilla species and the different pinching frequency were obtained with regards to the
number of laterals at three months from transplanting ( Figure 6). Pinched thrice at one,
two and three months of M. scortechenii produces the highest number of laterals with the
mean of 214 laterals per plant comparable to pinched twice at the same species with a
mean of 199 laterals per plant. species M. multiflora produces a lower number of laterals
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
with a mean ranging from 40 laterals to 95 laterals per plant. Lowest number of laterals
were obtained from M. aphelandra with a means of 60 laterals to 93 laterals per plant.
This means that pinching thrice at one, two, and three months from transplanting will
produced a highest number of leaves of this species based from the result.
Table 6. Number of laterals at three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
75.83b
M. multiflora
74.33b
M. scortechenii
174.92a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
70.44d
Pinch once at one months from transplanting
105.11c
Pinch twice at one and two months from transplanting
123.56b
Pinch trice at one, two and three months from transplanting
134.33a
CV9%)= 9.65%
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
250
M. aphelandra
a
M. multiflora
ng
a
M. scortechenii
a
nti
200
nspl
b
ra
om t
150hs fr
c
e
e
mont
100
cd
cd cd
de
ls at thr
e e
ra
e
te
50
f
of la
r
Numbe0
Control
Pinched once Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 6. Number of laterals at three months old of plant as influenced by variety and
pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level
by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Leaf Area Three Months from Transplanting
Effect of species. Significantly difference were obtained on the leaf area of the three
species of medinilla plant at three months from transplanting (Table 7). M. scortecheniiwas
significantly the widest leaf area than the other species. Mean leaf area was 62.17 sq.cm at
three months from transplanting. M. multiflora had a mean leaf area of 52.70 sq.cm. The
lower number leaf area were measured from the M. aphelandra with the mean of 47.92
sq.cm
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had greatly influenced the final leaf area at three months from transplanting.
Table 7. Leaf area of the plant at three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(SQ.CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
47.92b
M. multiflora
52.75b
M. scortechenii
62.17a
Pinching frequency
Control
54.22b
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
76.11a
Pinched twice at one and two month from transplanting
40.67c
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
46.11c
CV %= 10.54
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency.The different pinching frequency applied significantly
affected the final leaf area of the three species of medinilla at three months from
transplanting (Table 7 ). Widest leaf areas were measured from the treatment one, pinched
once at one month from transplanting with a mean of 76.11 sq.cm. at three months from
transplanting. Table 7 showed that control had a leaf area with a mean of 54.22 at three
months from transplanting followed by treatment three which is pinched one, twice and
thrice from transplanting with a mean of 46.11. The lowest number of leaf area were
measured from the treatment two which is pinched twice at one and two months from
transplanting with a mean of 40.67
Result showed that the leaf area of the leaves of different species of medinilla
measured was significantly different, depends on the leaves of the plant that were
measured.
Interaction effect. Highly significant interaction differences were obtained on leaf area
three months from transplanting as affected by pinching as shown in (Figure 7). Species
M. multiflora pinching once at one month from transplanting produce a widest area of leaf
that had a wider area with a mean of 124sq.cm. Followed by M. aphelandra that was the
unpinched plant with a mean of 68 sq.cm comparable to other species of M. scortichenii
from pinching at once, twice and thrice from transplanting with a mean of ranging 57.67
sq.cm to 64.33 sq.cm. This means that pinching once at one month of M. multiflora after
transplanting had the widest leaf area.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
140
M. aphelandra
a
M. multiflora
120
M. scortechenii
100
m
r sq. c
d pe
80
hs ol
b
b
b
b
b
e
mont
60
hre
t t
c
a
a
cd
cde
a
re
40
def
a
f
Le
f
ef
20
0
Control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 7. Leaf area at three months old per (sq.cm) as influenced by variety and pinching
frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Days of Flowering
Effect of species. Result showed significantly difference in the number of days from
pinching to flowering duration as affected by the medinilla species used. (Table 8). M.
multiflora has significantly faster flowering duration after a mean of 27 days. M.
aphelandra and M. scortechenii had delayed flowering duration showing comparable
duration with means of 38.25 and 36.58 days from pinching respectively.
Table 8. Days from pinching to flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
38.25a
M. multiflora
27.50b
M. scortechenii
36.583a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
35.22
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
35.33
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
34.67
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
31.22
CV %= 9.88
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. No significant differences were obtained on the number of
days from pinching to flowering duration. Flowering duration of medinilla plant pinched
thrice at one, two and three months were the earliest flowering duration with an average of
31.22 . Followed by plants applied with pinched twice with a mean of 34.22 days. Plants
applied pinched once at one months and control were a little bit later after a mean of 35.33
and 35.22 days from pinching.
Interaction effect. Result showed highly interaction effect between the three medinilla
species and different pinching frequency in the number of days from pinching to flowering
duration (Figure 8). Species M. aphelandra pinched twice delayed flowering development
with mean of 42.33 days. Followed by the same species that was the unpinched plant and
pinched at once at one month of species M.aphelandra from transplanting with a mean of
ranging 36.67 to 37.67 days. As compared to M. scortechinii which pinched
at once at one month and unpinched plant delayed flowering with a mean of ranging 40 to
41 days from pinching. The earliest flowering duration were obtained on the species of M.
multiflora reached 28 days from pinching as compared to the other species. This means
that the latest to produced flowering duration was counted on the species of M. aphelandra
but the earliest to flowered were in the species of M. multiflora.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
45
a
ab
M. aphelandra
ab
40
ab
M. multiflora
ab
ab
bc
35
M. scortechenii
cd
30
d
d
e
ring
d
d
low25
ys of f20
Da
15
10
5
0
Control
Pinched once
Pinched twice Pinched Thrice
Figure 8. Number of days from pinching to flowering duration as influenced by variety and
pinching frequency. (mean with a common letters are not significantly different at 5 %
level by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Days from Pinching to Flower Panicle at 1 cm. Size
Effect of species. Table 9 shows that there were significant differences with regards
to days from pinching to flower panicle at 1 cm of the three different species of medinilla
in the number of days counted. The M. multiflora formed flower at 1 cm had significantly
earlier with a mean of 30.42 days. M. aphelandra and M. scortechenii showed delayed
flowering at 1 cm with the mean of 42.83 and 40.58 days, respectively from pinching to
flowering bud formation at 1 cm size. The varietal differences in flowering of 1 cm in size
had significantly influenced the number of days with constant conditions for growth and
flowering.
Table 9. Days from pinching to flower panicle at 1 cm. size
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
42.83a
M. multiflora
30.42b
M. scortechenii
40.58a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
40
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
39.33
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
37.44
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
35.00
CV %= 14.28
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequency used had no significantly
affected the number of days at flowering at 1 cm by the three species of medinilla plant (
Table 9). The unpinched plants is the latest flowered at 1cm size after a mean of 40 days.
Plant pinched once at one month with a mean of 39.33 days while plants applied with
pinched twice at one, two and three months and pinched twice at one and two months
flowered 1 cm in size with an average of 35 and 37 days respectively.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect obtained between the three
species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied on the days of flowering
at 1cm. in size.
Number of Days Flowering at 50% Anthesis
Effect ofspecies. Result showed significantly differences in the number of days
from pinching to to flowering at 50 % anthesis as affected by the Medinilla species used
(Table 10). M. scortechenii had significantly delayed date of flowering at 50 % anthesis
after a mean of 63.833 days. M. aphelandra and M. multiflora has faster flowering
development at 50% anthesis showing comparable duration with means of 62.500 and
56.917 days from pinching , respectively.
Effect of pinching frequency. Table 10 showed that the plants pinched twice at one and
two month had delayed time to 50 anthesis stage at flowering with a mean of 63.33 days.
Comparable number of days were counted in plants that were unpinched, pinched once at
one months from transplanting and unpinched plant had a means of 61.00 days and 60 days
respectively. Again, the results showed that flowering and flower development were
delayed by pinching but produce higher number of flowers at 50 % anthesis.
Table 10. Days from flower bud formation to 50 % anthesis
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
56.92b
M. multiflora
62.50a
M. scortechenii
63.83a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
60.33
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
61.00
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
63.33
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
59.67
CV %= 7.98
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Interaction effect.Result showed significantly interaction effects obtained between the
three different species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency shown in (Figure
9). Species M.scortechenii applied with pinched thrice at one, two and three months had
the highest number of days delayed flowering with a mean of 68.67 days. Followed by the
same species that pinched once at one month’s comparable to pinched twice at one and
two months from transplanting of M. scortechenii with a means of 59.33 and 63.67 days.
Species M. multiflora which delayed flowering at 50 anthesis , pinched twice at one and
two months from transplanting and pinched thrice from transplanting with a mean of
ranging 61 to 66 days. M. aphelandra delayed flowering at 50 % anthesis which is
unpinched plant with a mean of 58 days. This mean that specicies M. scortechinii pinched
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting had the latest delayed flowering
based from the result.
80
M. aphelandra
a
70 anthesis
ab
ab
ab
ab
M. multiflora
ab
ab
ab
b ab
ab
60 t 50 %
M. scortechenii
e
a
c
50 nicl
r pa
40 owe
nb
30
20 pinching to fl
om
10 ys fr
Da
0
control
Pinched once
Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 9. Number of days from transplanting to flower panicle at 50 % anthesis as
influenced by variety and pinching frequency. (Means with a common letter are not
significantly at 5 % level by DMRT)
Number of Flower Panicle at Three Months from Transplanting
Effect of species. Table 11 shows that there were significantly differences with
regards to the effect of the three species of medinilla in the number of flower panicle
counted at three months from transplanting. Table 11 shows that species M. aphelandra
produces higher number of flower panicle at flowering from transplanting with a mean of
13.67. Plants of species M. scortechenii and M. multiflora had comparable number of
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
flower panicle at three months from transplanting with means of 8.25 and 6.33 flower
panicle per plant, respectively.
Table 11. Number of flower panicle three months from pinching
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
13.67a
M. multiflora
6.33c
M. scortechenii
8.25b
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
4.22d
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
7.67c
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
12.22b
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
13.56a
CV %= 12.16
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency. Table shows highly significant differences were obtained on
the average number of flower panicle per plant on the three species of medinilla from
transplanting . Control plant had lowest number of flower panicle counted per plant with a
mean of 4.22 followed by treatment one with a mean of 7.67 flower panicle , treatment two
with a mean of 12.22 flower panicle. The highest number counted was obtained from the
treatment three with a mean of 13.56 flower panicle per plant.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Result in number of flower panicle reflected on the pinched medinilla plants where
in the plant pinched thrice at one, two and three months produce a higher number of flower
panicle while the control plants produced lesser number of flower panicle.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis showed that the combined effect of the different of
species of medinilla plants had highly significant effect on the number of flower panicle at
three months. (Figure 10) M aphelandra had the highest number of flower panicle which
is pinched thrice at one, two and three months with a mean of 21 flower panicle. flower
panicle followed by the same species pinched twice at one and two months from
transplanting with a mean of 12.22 flower panicle per plant of M. aphelandra. Plants of M.
scortechenii had the number of flower panicle of laterals pinched thrice at one, two and
three months with a mean of 10.33 cm; while the lowest number of panicle were counted
on the M. multiflora with a mean of 9flower panicle at three months from pinching. This
means that M. aphelandra pinched thrice at one, two and three months produce the highest
number of flower panicle.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
25
M. aphelandra
M. multiflora
a
ng
M. scortechenii
a
nti
20
nspl
b
f
rom tra
hs
15
e
mont
hre
t t
c
c
10
c
le a
cd
e
ni
d
cd
e
r pa
flow
e
5
r of
e
e
e
Numbe
0
control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 10. Number of flower panicle at three months from transplanting. (Mean with a
common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT)
Length of Flower Panicle at One Month from Transplanting(cm).
Effect of species. Table 12 shows no significantly difference on the average on the
length of flower panicle per plant in three species of medinilla as affected by the different
pinching frequency applied. M. multiflora had the longest length of flower panicle at one
month with a mean of .97 cm. This was followed by M. aphelandra with a mean of .67 cm.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
The shortest length of flower panicle were measured from M. scortechenii with a mean of
.66cm.
Table 12. Length of flower panicle at one month from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
0.67
M. multiflora
0.98
M. scortechenii
0.66
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
0.83
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
0.61
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
0.87
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
0.76
CV %= 45.68
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency. Result showed no significant difference in the length of
flower panicle as affected by the three species of medinilla used (Table 12). Comparable
length of flower panicle were measured in plant applied in unpinched and pinched twice
at one and two months at one month from transplanting with the length of flower panicle
ranging from .83 cm to .86 cm. Plants that were pinched thrice at one, two and three month
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
after transplanting had a plant height of .76 cm; while the shortest plants with the mean of
.61 cm. were obtained from those in the treatment one.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect obtained between the three
species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied on the length of flower
panicle at one month from transplanting.
Length of Flower Panicle of Two Months.
Effect ofspecies. Significant differences were obtained on the length of flower panicle at
two months of the three species of medinilla plant. (Table 13). M. aphelandra was
significantly taller than the other cultivars mean length was 18.17 cm at two months of
flowering. M. scortechenii had a mean length of 12.88cm. The shortest plants were
measured from the M. multiflora with the mean length of 7.58 at two months.
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used had
greatly influence the final length of panicle attained at two months of flowering.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Table 13. Length of flower panicle two months from flowering duration
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
18.17a
M. multiflora
7.58c
M. scortechenii
12.88b
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
12.22bc
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
16.44a
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
12.94b
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
9.89c
CV %= 22.21
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequency applied highly significant
affected by the length of flower panicle of the three species of medinilla at two months of
flowering (Table 13). Longest flower panicle was measured from the treatment one which
is pinched once at one month with a mean of 16.44 cm at two months. However, it is
comparable with plants applied with treatment two which is pinched twice at one and two
months with the mean of 12.94 cm. Unpinched plants were shorter length of flowering with
the mean of 12.22 cm while the shortest plants with the mean of 9.89cm was obtained from
those pinched thrice at one, two and three months.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. Result showed highly significant interaction effects obtained between
the three different species of medinilla and the different frequency applied on the length of
flower panicle at two months from flowering duration ( Figure 11). M. aphelandra applied
with pinched twice at one and two months had the longest height after with a mean ranging
from 17 to 21 cm. from flowering duration. The shorter height were measured on the
species M. scortechenii unpinched and pinched once at one month from flowering duration
with a means of ranging 8cm. to 20cm. .The shortest height were measured on the species
of M. multiflora pinched thrice at one and two months from pinching had a mean height of
8 cm. This means that pinching twice at one and two months from transplanting and
pinched once at one month were the produce the longest flower panicle.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
25
M. aphelandra
c
m)
a
M. multiflora
a
a
M. scortechenii
20
inching (
a
om P
hs fr
15
b
b
two mont
b
nicle
10
b
b
r pa
b
b
b
lowe
5
ngth of f
Le
0
control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 11. Length of flower panicle two months from pinching as influenced by species
and pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 %
level by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Length of Flower Panicle Three Months from flowering
Effect of species. Highly significant were obtained on the length of flower panicle
at three months of the three species of medinilla plants (Table 14). M. aphelandra was
significantly taller than the other species. Mean height was 24.25 cm at three months of
flowering. M. scortechenii had a mean height of 18.75cm. The shortest length of flower
panicle measured from M. multiflora with the mean length of 16 cm.
Results showed that the genetic characteristic of the different species used had greatly
influenced the final length of the flower panicle attained at three months from
transplanting.
Table 14. Length of flower panicle three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
24.25a
M. multiflora
16c
M. scortechenii
18.75b
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
18.89
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
21.33
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
19.33
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
19.11
CV %= 11.65
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequencies applied are not significant
with regards to the effect of the three species of medinilla in the length of flower panicle
measured at three months from transplanting. Table 14 shows that the treatment one which
is pinched once at one month had a longest length of flower panicle at three months with a
mean of 24.25cm. Unpinched plant had length of flower panicle with a mean of 18.88.
However, it is comparable with plants pinched twice at one months and two months from
transplanting and pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting had the
shortest length of flower panicle with a mean of 19.33 and 19.11.
Interaction effect. Result showed highly significant interaction effect obtained between the
three different species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied on the
length of flower panicle at three months from flowering duration (Figure 12). M.
aphelandra applied with pinched once at one month’s had the longest height after with a
mean of 25.67 cm. from flowering duration followed by the s me species which were
pinched twice at one and two months comparable with unpinched plant of M. aphelandra
with a mean of ranging from 24.67 to 25.33cm. Plant M. scortechenii with a mean of
ranging 17.67 to 24.33 cm. The shortest heights were measured at the M. multiflora with a
mean ranging from 14 to 18 cm. from flowering duration.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
30
M. multiflora
M. multiflora2
a
M. scortechenii
ab
ab
25
ab
m)
bc
n
c
hing (c
20 om pi
cd
cde
hs fr
de
cde
de
e
mont
15
de
e
hre
a
t t
nicle
10 r pa
lowe
ngth of f
5 Le
0
Control
Pinched 1
Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 12. Length of flower panicle to three months from transplanting as influenced by
species and pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter is not significantly different
at 5 % level by DMRT)
Counting the Number of Days from flowering to Full Bloom Stage
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of species . Result showed highly significant differences in the number of
days from transplanting to full bloom stage of flowering as affected by the three varieties
used (Table15). M. scortechenii had significantly delayed flower at full bloom stage after
a mean of 86.33 days. Plants M. multiflora had a mean height of 80.08 days from pinching
to full bloom stage of flowering. M. aphelandra had the fastest days of from pinching to
full bloom stage with the mean of 73.33.
Table 15. Number of days from pinching to full bloom stage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
73.33c
M. multiflora
80.08b
M. scortechenii
86.33a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
79.89
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
80.88
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
79.11
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
79.78
CV %= 6.87
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. Table 15 showed that the plants pinched once at one
month had delayed from pinching time to full bloom stage at flowering with a mean of
80.89 days. Comparable number of days were counted in plants applied with unpiched,
pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting and lastly, pinched thrice at one,
two and three months from transplanting with a mean of 79.88 days, 79.11 days and 79.77
days respectively. Again, the results showed that flowering and flowering development
were delayed by pinching frequency but had greater number of flower were produce.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects obtained between the three
species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied from transplanting to full
bloom stage of flowering medinilla plants.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Figure 1. Experimental area with the researcher gathering for data
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Figure 2. Document of medinilla plant one month from transplanting
Figure 3. Documentation at two months from transplanting
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Figure 4. Documentation at three months from transplanting.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
A
B
C
Species Medenilla aphelandra
Figure 5. Collection of M.scortechenii (A), M.multiflora (B), M. aphelandra (C) species
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Three pinched medinilla species, namely M. aphelandra, M. multiflora and M.
scortechenii were grown from lateral shoots and were applied with different pinching
frequency; Unpinched (control), pinched once at one month from transplanting , pinched
twice at one and two months from transplanting and pinched thrice at one, two and three
months from transplanting. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the different
pinching frequency on the growth and flowering of medinilla and to determined the best
medinilla species most responsive to the different pinching frequency on the growth and
flowering of medinilla plant. The study was conducted at the Benguet State University
Floriculture Project Research Area from September 2012 to January 2013.
Result showed that among the three species of medinilla grown. M. scortechenii
had the highest number of leaves and number of laterals per plant at three months from
transplanting compared to other species, but it delayed flowering . It was also the highest
number of panicle together with M. aphelandra. The lowest number of leaves but had the
longest flower panicle at three months from transplanting were counted on the species of
M. aphelandra. It was the latest flowering duration but it was the highest number of flower
panicle. M.multiflora had the lowest number of laterals and had the lowest number of
flower panicle but the fastest duration of flowering among the two species.
With regards to the effect of the pinching frequencies, the number of laterals
counted significantly increased with the increase in the number of pinching frequency
applied with more leaves and laterals counted in pinched thrice at one, two and three
months, and the fewer leaves and laterals were counted on the unpinched plants. Final
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
plant height, stem length of the flower were significantly reduced with more pinching with
the shortest plant and stem and more flowers were produced from plants applied with
pinched thrice at one, two and three months, but sometimes it was depend on the initial
height of the plant also. The species of medinilla with the longest flower panicle and
highest number of laterals were obtained from pinched thrice and those that pinched twice
at two and three months. However, more flowers were produce by the plants applied with
pinched thrice and less in the unpinched and those applied with pinched once at one month
from transplanting.
Significant interaction effect were obtained on the flowering duration of and flower
development. M. aphelandra that were applied with pinched twice at one and two months
significantly delayed flowering and flower development, together with M. scortechenii. M.
multiflora that were pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting were the
earliest duration of flowering.
Conclusions
Based on the finding, it is conclude that M. aphelandra is the best species medinilla
flower produce since it was the highest number of flower panicle produce together with M.
scortechenii which is produce more laterals and that will produce to many flowers later on.
Pinching frequency to be applied is based on the purpose of the grower. If the
grower wishes to produce more flowers and laterals, Pinched thrice at one, two and three
months from transplanting to produce a more laterals and flowers.
Recommendations
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Growing M. scortechenii are therefore recommended for medinilla flowering
production together with M. aphelandra in the highland because they had the highest
number of flower panicle and it had the highest number of leaves also to give an attractive
views of the plant.
If the growers wishes to produce more flowers and laterals per plant, Pinched thrice at one,
two and three months from transplanting by snapping off the shoots above the internodes
but if the growers wishes to produce tall plant but it produce a lowest number of flowers
and laterals unpinched and pinched once at one month from transplanting is recommended.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
INCHAN, E. P. 2001. Effect of different Pinching Techniques on the Growth and
Flowering of Three Carnation Varieties under Benguet Condition B.S. Thesis BSU, La
Trinidad Benguet. P. 30.
FULLER, H. J. 1964. The Plant World. New York: Holt Rhinehart and Winstone Inc. Pp.
161-162.
JANICK , J. 1963. Horticulture Science. Copyright @ 1963, 1972 W.H. Freeman and
Company. P. 235..
LARSON, R. A. 1980. Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, Inc. New York. P.
607.
LAURIE, A. B. and V.H. REIS. 1950. Fundamentals and Practice of Floriculture. New
York Academic Press, Inc. Pp. 339-341.
REILY, E.H. and C. L. SHRY, Jr. 2002. Introductory Horticulture. Copyright @ 2002
Delmar, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. P. 129.
WARREN,W. 2001. Tropical Garden Plants. Printed in china Toppan Printing Corp. P. 93.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013. Effect of Different Pinching Frequency
on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla Species. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli Ladilad, PhD
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of different pinching frequencies
on the improvement of the flowering quality of three species of medinilla grown from
lateral shoots which were pinched once at one month from transplanting, twice at one and
two months from transplanting; and pinched thrice at one, two and three months from
transplanting. The three species of medinilla grown were M. aphelandra, M. multiflora &
M. scortechenii.
Results showed that plants of M. scortechenii had the highest number of laterals
and leaves per plant, three months from transplanting. Unpinched plants produced the least
number of leaves and laterals per plant at three months from transplanting; It also
produced the lowest number of flower panicles per plant at three months from
transplanting. Plants M. aphelandra and M. multiflora which were pinched thrice at one,
two and three months produced the fewest flowers at three months from transplanting .
However, M. multiflora and M. scortechenii which were pinched twice at one and two
months from transplanting, 50% anthesis was highly significantly delayed. M. multiflora
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
produced the earlier flowering and had faster flower development in two species of
Medinilla which were the M. multiflora and M. aphelandra.
Based on the findings, it is concluded that M. aphelandra is the best species of
Medinilla flower to grow since it produced highest number of flower panicle together with
M. scortechenii which produced more laterals and many flowers later on.
Pinching frequency to be applied is based on the purpose of the grower. If the
grower wishes to produce more flowers and laterals, Pinched thrice at one, two and three
months from transplanting.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Number of the Leaves per Plant at Transplanting
Effect of species. Significantly differences obtained on the initial number of leaves
on the three species of medinilla at transplanting (Table 1). Plant M.
scortechenii was significantly had the higher number of leaves than the other species with
a mean of 87.83 leaves per plant. Plant M. aphelandra were counted with a mean of 53.25
leaves per plant. M multiflora had the lowest number of leaves with a mean of 35.17 leaves
per plant.
Table 1. Initial number of the leaves at transplanting time
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
53.25b
M. multiflora
35.17c
M. scortechenii
87.83a
Pinching Frequency
Control
54.44a
Pinched once at month from transplanting
63.22a
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
60a
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from
57.33a
transplanting
CV(%)= 10.34
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT.
Effect of pinching frequency. Table 1 shows that there were significantly differences on
the characteristics were counted on the initial number of the leaves per plant (Fig.1).M.
scortechenii had the characteristics of higher number of the leaves produce since pinching
was not yet applied this species had significantly had the characteristic of higher number
of leaves per plant with a means ranging from 86 to 90 leaves per plant. This means that
M. scortechenii species had the highest number of the leaves without pinching.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis shows that there were significantly
differences characteristics were obtained on the initial number of the leaves per plant at
transplanting (Fig. 1). M. scortechenii had the characteristics of the highest number of the
leaves since pinching was not yet applied this species had shown significantly high with
regards to the number of leaves which rich a means of ranging from 84 leaves to 94 leaves
per plant. This was followed by M. aphelandra with a means ranging from 60 to 61
leaves per plant after transplanting compared to M. multiflora species which had the
characteristics of lowest numbers of leaves from transplanting with a mean ranging from
34.33 to 41 leaves. This means that M. scortechenii species has the highest number of the
leaves even without pinching based on the result.
Initial Height of the Plant after Transplanting (cm)
Effect of species. Highly significant differences were obtained on the initial height of the
plantmeasured at transplanting time (Table 2). Plants M. aphelandra had the characteristic
of tallest plant at transplanting with a mean of 52.88 cm. It was significantly taller
compared to the height of the plants at transplanting measured from the other species of
medinilla. Plants of M. multiflora and M. scortenechii had comparable initial height at
transplanting with means of 28.33cm to 52.88cm.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency.Unpinched plant had the characteristics of a longest plant
since pinching was not yet applied but still had shown significantly high with regards to
the number of leaves which had a mean of 40.11 cm. This was followed by treatment three
with a mean of 38.72cm. The shortest plant were measured from unpiched plant with a
mean of 37.33cm.
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had greatly influenced the initial height.
Interaction effect. Figure 2 shows that highly significant were obtained on the initial height
per plant after transplanting as shown in table two. Medinilla aphelandra had the
characteristics of faster growth since pinching was not yet applied but still this species had
shown significantly high with regards to plant height which reached a mean ranging from
47.17cm to 58 cm plant height after transplanting compared toM. multiflora species which
had produced shorter plants from transplanting with a mean of only 24 cm. this means that
medinilla species has the fast growth characteristics even without pinching based on the
result.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
100
a
M. aphelandra
a
90
a
a
M. multiflora
n
s
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
80
M. scortechenii
m tra
70
ro
f
b
b
60
v
es
b
l
ea
50
c
c
c
t
h
e
40
cd
er of
30
d
20
n
u
mb
10
i
t
i
al
In
0
control
pinched once
pinched twice
pinched thrice
Figure 1. Initial number of the leaves at transplanting time as influenced by variety and
pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter are significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Table 2. Initial height of the plants at transplanting time
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
52.88 a
M. multiflora
28.33c
M. scortechenii
33. 83b
Pinching Frequency
Control
37.33
Pinched once at month from transplanting
40.11
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
37.22
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
38.72
CV(%)= 12.34
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Initial Number of Laterals One Months from Transplanting
Effect of species. Highly significant were obtained on the initial number of laterals on the
three species of medinilla after three months from transplanting ( Table3). M. scortechenii
was highly significant than the other species with the mean of 42.92 laterals. Plants M.
multiflora were counted with a mean of 16.58 laterals. The lowest number of laterals were
counted from M. aphelandra with a mean of 14.50 laterals, one month from transplanting.
Results showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species
great influence the initial number of laterals.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
70
M. aphelandra
a
ng
60
M. multiflora
ab
a
nti
ab
M. scrotechenii
50
b
a
nspl
r tr
fte
40
c
c
cd cde
cde
cde
plant a
30
de
e
of the
20
ight
10
Initial he
0
Control
Pinched once Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 2. Initial height of the plant at transplanting as influenced by variety and pinching
frequency.(Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Table 3. Initial number of laterals at transplanting time
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
14.50b
M. multiflora
16.58b
M. scortechenii
42.92a
Pinching Frequency
Control
28.00a
Pinched once at month from transplanting
24.67b
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
25.22b
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
20.78c
CV(%)= 10.72
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency.The different pinching frequencies highly significant
affected the initial number of laterals of the three species of medinilla at one month from
transplanting (Table 3). Highest number of laterals were measured from the unpinched
since pinching was not yet applied but still had shown significantly high with regards to
the number of laterals which had a mean of 28 laterals. However, lateral number of plant
were comparable with those on treatment one and treatment two from transplanting which
had the mean of 24.67 and 25.22 laterals; while the lowest number of laterals with the mean
of 20.78 were obtained from those in treatment three.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. Figure 3shows that highly significant were obtained on the initial number
of laterals at one month from transplanting per plant one month from transplanting.
Medinilla scortechenii had the characteristics of the highest number of laterals since
pinching was not yet applied but still this species had shown significantly high with regards
to the number of laterals which reached a means ranging from 40.33 to 46 laterals after
transplanting. This was followed by M. aphelandra with a means ranging 10.67 laterals
after transplanting compared to M. multiflora species which had produced lowest number
of laterals from transplanting with a mean of only 9 laterals. This means that Medinilla
scortechenii had the highest number of laterals even without pinching based on the results.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
50
a
M. aphelandra
45
ab
M. multiflora
ab
ng
b
a
nti
40
M. scortechenii
nspl
ra
35
om t
30
h fr
25
c
o
n
e
mont
cd
20
r
a
ls
de
def
late
15
efg
efg
r of
be
fg g
10
5
Initial num
0
Control
pinched once pinched twice pinched thrice
Figure 3. Initial number of laterals one month from transplanting as influenced by variety
and pinching frequency. ( Mean with a common letter are not significant at 5 % level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Final Height Three Months after Transplanting
Effect of species. Significantly differences were obtained on the final height of the three
species of medinilla after three months from transplanting (Table 4).M. aphelandra was
significantly taller than the other species with a mean height of 158.12 cm. Plants of
M.scortechenii were short with a mean height of 111.08; while the shortest plants were
measured from plants of M. multiflora with the mean height of only 85.00 cm three months
from transplanting.
Results showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had great influenced the final height attained at three months from transplanting.
Table 4. Final height of the plants three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
158.13a
M. multiflora
85c
M. scortechenii
111.08b
Pinching Frequency
Control
111.44b
Pinched once at month from transplanting
120.7ab
Pinched twice at one, and two months from transplanting
126.a
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
213.94b
CV(%)= 8.72
Means with common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequencies applied significantly
affected the final height of the three species of medinilla after three months from
transplanting (Table 4). The tallest plants were measured from the plants which were
pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting with a mean of 126.11 cm at three
months old. However, plant heights were comparable with those that were pinch once at
one month from transplanting which had the mean of 120.78 cm. Plants that were pinched
thrice at one, two and three months after transplanting had a plant height of 113.94 cm;
while the shortest plants with the mean of 111.44 cm were obtained from those in the
control plants.
Interaction effect.Highly significant differences were obtained on the final height of
medinilla species as affected by pinching as shown in (Figure 4). M. aphelandra pinched
twice at one and two months from transplanting enhanced plant growth with a mean
reached 180.67cm. per plant. Followed by the same species that was pinched once at one
month from transplanting comparable to unpinched species of M. aphelandra with means
of 158 and 162.33. M. scortechenii which produce the shortest plants had a means ranging
from 69.67 cm to 96.00 cm. This means that pinching twice of M. aphelandra, pinched
twice at one and two months from transplanting enhanced faster growth of this species
based from the result.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
200
M. aphelandra
a
d
180
M. multiflora
hs ol
b
b
160
M. scortechenii
e
mont
140
c
hre
t t
cd
120
cde
de
de
a
plant a
ef
ef
100
ll
dini
fg
80
g
60
h
t of me
ig
40
inal he
F
20
0
Control
piched once Piched twice Pinche thrice
Figure 4. Final height (cm) of medinilla three months old from transplanting as influenced
by variety and pinching frequency. (Means with a common letter are not significant
different at 5 % level by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Number of Leaves Three Months from Transplanting
Effect of species.Significantly differences were obtained on the number of leaves
at three months from transplanting (Table 5). Plant M. scortechenii was significantly the
highest number of the leaves than the other species of medinilla with amean of 106.92
leaves per plant. It was followed by M. aphelandra with a mean of 84.25 leaves per plant.
The lowest numbers of the leaves were counted from the species of M. multiflora with a
mean of 71.75 leaves per plant.
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had great influenced the number of the leaves attained at three months from transplanting.
Effect of pinching frequency.The different pinching frequency applied significantly
affected the final height of the three species of medinilla after three months from
transplanting (Table 5). The highest number of the leaves from transplanting were counted
in M. scortechenii which is pinched thrice at one, two and three months after transplanting
had a mean of 90 leaves per plant. It was followed by treatment one which is pinched once
at one month with a mean of 87.89. However the lowest number of the leaves was obtained
with those that were pinched thrice at one, two and three months and for those were not
pinched had a means of 86 leaves per plant.
Interaction effect. Significantly different were obtained on the number of leaves of
medinilla species as affected by pinching as shown in (Figure 5). PlantM.scortechenii
pinched twice at one, two and three months enhanced the number of the leaves with a mean
of 108 leaves per plant. It was followed by the same species unpinched plant of M.
scortechenii with a mean of 107.33 leaves per plant. M. aphelandra produce leaves with a
mean ranging from 63.33 to 88 leaves per plant. Plant that were produce the lowest number
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
of leaves were counted from M. multiflora with a mean ranging from 66 to 88.67 leaves
per plant. This means that pinched thrice at one, two and three months of M. scortechenii
produce the highest number of the leaves per plant based on the result.
Table 5. Number of leaves at three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
84.25b
M. multiflora
71.75c
M. scortechenii
106.92a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
86.67a
Pinch once at one months from transplanting
87.89a
Pinch twice at one and two months from transplanting
90a
Pinch trice at one, two and three months from transplanting
86a
CV9%)= 3.39%
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
d
hs ol
e
mont
hre
t t
s a
a
ve
the le
r of
Numbe
120
M. aphelandra
a
a
a
a
M. multiflora
M. scortechenii
100
b
b
c
c
80
d
d
d
d
60
40
20
0
Control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 5. Number of the leaves at three months old as influenced by variety and pinching
frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by
DMRT)
L
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Number of Laterals produced Three Months from Transplanting.
Effect of species. Table 6 shows that there were highly significant differences with
regards to the effect of the three different species of medinilla in the number of laterals
counted from three months old plant. Table 3 shows that M. aphelandra and M. multiflora
produced lower number of laterals three months after transplanting with means of 75.83
and 74.333, respectively, while M. scortechenii produced the highest number of laterals
with a mean of 174.92 per plant.
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequency used effect highly
significantly differences on the number of laterals produced three months after
transplanting of the medinilla plants (Table 6). Unpinched plants produced the lowest
number of laterals with mean of only 70.44, followed by plants pinched once at one months,
twice at one and two months after transplanting with a mean of 105.11, 123.56 laterals,
respectively. Plants that were pinched thrice at one, two and three months after
transplanting promoted the production of the highest number of laterals with a mean of
134.33 after three months from transplanting. Results showed that the number of laterals
produce was significantly increased with the increase in the number of pinching applied
in medinilla plants, that is, from 105.111 to 134.333 laterals per plant.
Interaction effect.Results show that highly significant interaction effects, between the three
medinilla species and the different pinching frequency were obtained with regards to the
number of laterals at three months from transplanting ( Figure 6). Pinched thrice at one,
two and three months of M. scortechenii produces the highest number of laterals with the
mean of 214 laterals per plant comparable to pinched twice at the same species with a
mean of 199 laterals per plant. species M. multiflora produces a lower number of laterals
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
with a mean ranging from 40 laterals to 95 laterals per plant. Lowest number of laterals
were obtained from M. aphelandra with a means of 60 laterals to 93 laterals per plant.
This means that pinching thrice at one, two, and three months from transplanting will
produced a highest number of leaves of this species based from the result.
Table 6. Number of laterals at three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
75.83b
M. multiflora
74.33b
M. scortechenii
174.92a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
70.44d
Pinch once at one months from transplanting
105.11c
Pinch twice at one and two months from transplanting
123.56b
Pinch trice at one, two and three months from transplanting
134.33a
CV9%)= 9.65%
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
250
M. aphelandra
a
M. multiflora
ng
a
M. scortechenii
a
nti
200
nspl
b
ra
om t
150hs fr
c
e
e
mont
100
cd
cd cd
de
ls at thr
e e
ra
e
te
50
f
of la
r
Numbe0
Control
Pinched once Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 6. Number of laterals at three months old of plant as influenced by variety and
pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level
by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Leaf Area Three Months from Transplanting
Effect of species. Significantly difference were obtained on the leaf area of the three
species of medinilla plant at three months from transplanting (Table 7). M. scortecheniiwas
significantly the widest leaf area than the other species. Mean leaf area was 62.17 sq.cm at
three months from transplanting. M. multiflora had a mean leaf area of 52.70 sq.cm. The
lower number leaf area were measured from the M. aphelandra with the mean of 47.92
sq.cm
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used
had greatly influenced the final leaf area at three months from transplanting.
Table 7. Leaf area of the plant at three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(SQ.CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
47.92b
M. multiflora
52.75b
M. scortechenii
62.17a
Pinching frequency
Control
54.22b
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
76.11a
Pinched twice at one and two month from transplanting
40.67c
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
46.11c
CV %= 10.54
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency.The different pinching frequency applied significantly
affected the final leaf area of the three species of medinilla at three months from
transplanting (Table 7 ). Widest leaf areas were measured from the treatment one, pinched
once at one month from transplanting with a mean of 76.11 sq.cm. at three months from
transplanting. Table 7 showed that control had a leaf area with a mean of 54.22 at three
months from transplanting followed by treatment three which is pinched one, twice and
thrice from transplanting with a mean of 46.11. The lowest number of leaf area were
measured from the treatment two which is pinched twice at one and two months from
transplanting with a mean of 40.67
Result showed that the leaf area of the leaves of different species of medinilla
measured was significantly different, depends on the leaves of the plant that were
measured.
Interaction effect. Highly significant interaction differences were obtained on leaf area
three months from transplanting as affected by pinching as shown in (Figure 7). Species
M. multiflora pinching once at one month from transplanting produce a widest area of leaf
that had a wider area with a mean of 124sq.cm. Followed by M. aphelandra that was the
unpinched plant with a mean of 68 sq.cm comparable to other species of M. scortichenii
from pinching at once, twice and thrice from transplanting with a mean of ranging 57.67
sq.cm to 64.33 sq.cm. This means that pinching once at one month of M. multiflora after
transplanting had the widest leaf area.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
140
M. aphelandra
a
M. multiflora
120
M. scortechenii
100
m
r sq. c
d pe
80
hs ol
b
b
b
b
b
e
mont
60
hre
t t
c
a
a
cd
cde
a
re
40
def
a
f
Le
f
ef
20
0
Control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 7. Leaf area at three months old per (sq.cm) as influenced by variety and pinching
frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by
DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Days of Flowering
Effect of species. Result showed significantly difference in the number of days from
pinching to flowering duration as affected by the medinilla species used. (Table 8). M.
multiflora has significantly faster flowering duration after a mean of 27 days. M.
aphelandra and M. scortechenii had delayed flowering duration showing comparable
duration with means of 38.25 and 36.58 days from pinching respectively.
Table 8. Days from pinching to flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
38.25a
M. multiflora
27.50b
M. scortechenii
36.583a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
35.22
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
35.33
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
34.67
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
31.22
CV %= 9.88
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. No significant differences were obtained on the number of
days from pinching to flowering duration. Flowering duration of medinilla plant pinched
thrice at one, two and three months were the earliest flowering duration with an average of
31.22 . Followed by plants applied with pinched twice with a mean of 34.22 days. Plants
applied pinched once at one months and control were a little bit later after a mean of 35.33
and 35.22 days from pinching.
Interaction effect. Result showed highly interaction effect between the three medinilla
species and different pinching frequency in the number of days from pinching to flowering
duration (Figure 8). Species M. aphelandra pinched twice delayed flowering development
with mean of 42.33 days. Followed by the same species that was the unpinched plant and
pinched at once at one month of species M.aphelandra from transplanting with a mean of
ranging 36.67 to 37.67 days. As compared to M. scortechinii which pinched
at once at one month and unpinched plant delayed flowering with a mean of ranging 40 to
41 days from pinching. The earliest flowering duration were obtained on the species of M.
multiflora reached 28 days from pinching as compared to the other species. This means
that the latest to produced flowering duration was counted on the species of M. aphelandra
but the earliest to flowered were in the species of M. multiflora.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
45
a
ab
M. aphelandra
ab
40
ab
M. multiflora
ab
ab
bc
35
M. scortechenii
cd
30
d
d
e
ring
d
d
low25
ys of f20
Da
15
10
5
0
Control
Pinched once
Pinched twice Pinched Thrice
Figure 8. Number of days from pinching to flowering duration as influenced by variety and
pinching frequency. (mean with a common letters are not significantly different at 5 %
level by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Days from Pinching to Flower Panicle at 1 cm. Size
Effect of species. Table 9 shows that there were significant differences with regards
to days from pinching to flower panicle at 1 cm of the three different species of medinilla
in the number of days counted. The M. multiflora formed flower at 1 cm had significantly
earlier with a mean of 30.42 days. M. aphelandra and M. scortechenii showed delayed
flowering at 1 cm with the mean of 42.83 and 40.58 days, respectively from pinching to
flowering bud formation at 1 cm size. The varietal differences in flowering of 1 cm in size
had significantly influenced the number of days with constant conditions for growth and
flowering.
Table 9. Days from pinching to flower panicle at 1 cm. size
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
42.83a
M. multiflora
30.42b
M. scortechenii
40.58a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
40
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
39.33
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
37.44
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
35.00
CV %= 14.28
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequency used had no significantly
affected the number of days at flowering at 1 cm by the three species of medinilla plant (
Table 9). The unpinched plants is the latest flowered at 1cm size after a mean of 40 days.
Plant pinched once at one month with a mean of 39.33 days while plants applied with
pinched twice at one, two and three months and pinched twice at one and two months
flowered 1 cm in size with an average of 35 and 37 days respectively.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect obtained between the three
species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied on the days of flowering
at 1cm. in size.
Number of Days Flowering at 50% Anthesis
Effect ofspecies. Result showed significantly differences in the number of days
from pinching to to flowering at 50 % anthesis as affected by the Medinilla species used
(Table 10). M. scortechenii had significantly delayed date of flowering at 50 % anthesis
after a mean of 63.833 days. M. aphelandra and M. multiflora has faster flowering
development at 50% anthesis showing comparable duration with means of 62.500 and
56.917 days from pinching , respectively.
Effect of pinching frequency. Table 10 showed that the plants pinched twice at one and
two month had delayed time to 50 anthesis stage at flowering with a mean of 63.33 days.
Comparable number of days were counted in plants that were unpinched, pinched once at
one months from transplanting and unpinched plant had a means of 61.00 days and 60 days
respectively. Again, the results showed that flowering and flower development were
delayed by pinching but produce higher number of flowers at 50 % anthesis.
Table 10. Days from flower bud formation to 50 % anthesis
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
56.92b
M. multiflora
62.50a
M. scortechenii
63.83a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
60.33
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
61.00
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
63.33
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
59.67
CV %= 7.98
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Interaction effect.Result showed significantly interaction effects obtained between the
three different species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency shown in (Figure
9). Species M.scortechenii applied with pinched thrice at one, two and three months had
the highest number of days delayed flowering with a mean of 68.67 days. Followed by the
same species that pinched once at one month’s comparable to pinched twice at one and
two months from transplanting of M. scortechenii with a means of 59.33 and 63.67 days.
Species M. multiflora which delayed flowering at 50 anthesis , pinched twice at one and
two months from transplanting and pinched thrice from transplanting with a mean of
ranging 61 to 66 days. M. aphelandra delayed flowering at 50 % anthesis which is
unpinched plant with a mean of 58 days. This mean that specicies M. scortechinii pinched
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting had the latest delayed flowering
based from the result.
80
M. aphelandra
a
70 anthesis
ab
ab
ab
ab
M. multiflora
ab
ab
ab
b ab
ab
60 t 50 %
M. scortechenii
e
a
c
50 nicl
r pa
40 owe
nb
30
20 pinching to fl
om
10 ys fr
Da
0
control
Pinched once
Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 9. Number of days from transplanting to flower panicle at 50 % anthesis as
influenced by variety and pinching frequency. (Means with a common letter are not
significantly at 5 % level by DMRT)
Number of Flower Panicle at Three Months from Transplanting
Effect of species. Table 11 shows that there were significantly differences with
regards to the effect of the three species of medinilla in the number of flower panicle
counted at three months from transplanting. Table 11 shows that species M. aphelandra
produces higher number of flower panicle at flowering from transplanting with a mean of
13.67. Plants of species M. scortechenii and M. multiflora had comparable number of
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
flower panicle at three months from transplanting with means of 8.25 and 6.33 flower
panicle per plant, respectively.
Table 11. Number of flower panicle three months from pinching
TREATMENT
MEAN
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
13.67a
M. multiflora
6.33c
M. scortechenii
8.25b
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
4.22d
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
7.67c
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
12.22b
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
13.56a
CV %= 12.16
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency. Table shows highly significant differences were obtained on
the average number of flower panicle per plant on the three species of medinilla from
transplanting . Control plant had lowest number of flower panicle counted per plant with a
mean of 4.22 followed by treatment one with a mean of 7.67 flower panicle , treatment two
with a mean of 12.22 flower panicle. The highest number counted was obtained from the
treatment three with a mean of 13.56 flower panicle per plant.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Result in number of flower panicle reflected on the pinched medinilla plants where
in the plant pinched thrice at one, two and three months produce a higher number of flower
panicle while the control plants produced lesser number of flower panicle.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis showed that the combined effect of the different of
species of medinilla plants had highly significant effect on the number of flower panicle at
three months. (Figure 10) M aphelandra had the highest number of flower panicle which
is pinched thrice at one, two and three months with a mean of 21 flower panicle. flower
panicle followed by the same species pinched twice at one and two months from
transplanting with a mean of 12.22 flower panicle per plant of M. aphelandra. Plants of M.
scortechenii had the number of flower panicle of laterals pinched thrice at one, two and
three months with a mean of 10.33 cm; while the lowest number of panicle were counted
on the M. multiflora with a mean of 9flower panicle at three months from pinching. This
means that M. aphelandra pinched thrice at one, two and three months produce the highest
number of flower panicle.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
25
M. aphelandra
M. multiflora
a
ng
M. scortechenii
a
nti
20
nspl
b
f
rom tra
hs
15
e
mont
hre
t t
c
c
10
c
le a
cd
e
ni
d
cd
e
r pa
flow
e
5
r of
e
e
e
Numbe
0
control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 10. Number of flower panicle at three months from transplanting. (Mean with a
common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT)
Length of Flower Panicle at One Month from Transplanting(cm).
Effect of species. Table 12 shows no significantly difference on the average on the
length of flower panicle per plant in three species of medinilla as affected by the different
pinching frequency applied. M. multiflora had the longest length of flower panicle at one
month with a mean of .97 cm. This was followed by M. aphelandra with a mean of .67 cm.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
The shortest length of flower panicle were measured from M. scortechenii with a mean of
.66cm.
Table 12. Length of flower panicle at one month from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
0.67
M. multiflora
0.98
M. scortechenii
0.66
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
0.83
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
0.61
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
0.87
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
0.76
CV %= 45.68
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency. Result showed no significant difference in the length of
flower panicle as affected by the three species of medinilla used (Table 12). Comparable
length of flower panicle were measured in plant applied in unpinched and pinched twice
at one and two months at one month from transplanting with the length of flower panicle
ranging from .83 cm to .86 cm. Plants that were pinched thrice at one, two and three month
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
after transplanting had a plant height of .76 cm; while the shortest plants with the mean of
.61 cm. were obtained from those in the treatment one.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect obtained between the three
species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied on the length of flower
panicle at one month from transplanting.
Length of Flower Panicle of Two Months.
Effect ofspecies. Significant differences were obtained on the length of flower panicle at
two months of the three species of medinilla plant. (Table 13). M. aphelandra was
significantly taller than the other cultivars mean length was 18.17 cm at two months of
flowering. M. scortechenii had a mean length of 12.88cm. The shortest plants were
measured from the M. multiflora with the mean length of 7.58 at two months.
Result showed that the inherent genetic characteristics of the different species used had
greatly influence the final length of panicle attained at two months of flowering.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Table 13. Length of flower panicle two months from flowering duration
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
18.17a
M. multiflora
7.58c
M. scortechenii
12.88b
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
12.22bc
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
16.44a
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
12.94b
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
9.89c
CV %= 22.21
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequency applied highly significant
affected by the length of flower panicle of the three species of medinilla at two months of
flowering (Table 13). Longest flower panicle was measured from the treatment one which
is pinched once at one month with a mean of 16.44 cm at two months. However, it is
comparable with plants applied with treatment two which is pinched twice at one and two
months with the mean of 12.94 cm. Unpinched plants were shorter length of flowering with
the mean of 12.22 cm while the shortest plants with the mean of 9.89cm was obtained from
those pinched thrice at one, two and three months.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. Result showed highly significant interaction effects obtained between
the three different species of medinilla and the different frequency applied on the length of
flower panicle at two months from flowering duration ( Figure 11). M. aphelandra applied
with pinched twice at one and two months had the longest height after with a mean ranging
from 17 to 21 cm. from flowering duration. The shorter height were measured on the
species M. scortechenii unpinched and pinched once at one month from flowering duration
with a means of ranging 8cm. to 20cm. .The shortest height were measured on the species
of M. multiflora pinched thrice at one and two months from pinching had a mean height of
8 cm. This means that pinching twice at one and two months from transplanting and
pinched once at one month were the produce the longest flower panicle.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
25
M. aphelandra
c
m)
a
M. multiflora
a
a
M. scortechenii
20
inching (
a
om P
hs fr
15
b
b
two mont
b
nicle
10
b
b
r pa
b
b
b
lowe
5
ngth of f
Le
0
control
Pinched once
Pinched twice
Pinched thrice
Figure 11. Length of flower panicle two months from pinching as influenced by species
and pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 %
level by DMRT)
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Length of Flower Panicle Three Months from flowering
Effect of species. Highly significant were obtained on the length of flower panicle
at three months of the three species of medinilla plants (Table 14). M. aphelandra was
significantly taller than the other species. Mean height was 24.25 cm at three months of
flowering. M. scortechenii had a mean height of 18.75cm. The shortest length of flower
panicle measured from M. multiflora with the mean length of 16 cm.
Results showed that the genetic characteristic of the different species used had greatly
influenced the final length of the flower panicle attained at three months from
transplanting.
Table 14. Length of flower panicle three months from transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
(CM)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
24.25a
M. multiflora
16c
M. scortechenii
18.75b
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
18.89
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
21.33
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
19.33
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
19.11
CV %= 11.65
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. The different pinching frequencies applied are not significant
with regards to the effect of the three species of medinilla in the length of flower panicle
measured at three months from transplanting. Table 14 shows that the treatment one which
is pinched once at one month had a longest length of flower panicle at three months with a
mean of 24.25cm. Unpinched plant had length of flower panicle with a mean of 18.88.
However, it is comparable with plants pinched twice at one months and two months from
transplanting and pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting had the
shortest length of flower panicle with a mean of 19.33 and 19.11.
Interaction effect. Result showed highly significant interaction effect obtained between the
three different species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied on the
length of flower panicle at three months from flowering duration (Figure 12). M.
aphelandra applied with pinched once at one month’s had the longest height after with a
mean of 25.67 cm. from flowering duration followed by the s me species which were
pinched twice at one and two months comparable with unpinched plant of M. aphelandra
with a mean of ranging from 24.67 to 25.33cm. Plant M. scortechenii with a mean of
ranging 17.67 to 24.33 cm. The shortest heights were measured at the M. multiflora with a
mean ranging from 14 to 18 cm. from flowering duration.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
30
M. multiflora
M. multiflora2
a
M. scortechenii
ab
ab
25
ab
m)
bc
n
c
hing (c
20 om pi
cd
cde
hs fr
de
cde
de
e
mont
15
de
e
hre
a
t t
nicle
10 r pa
lowe
ngth of f
5 Le
0
Control
Pinched 1
Pinched twice Pinched thrice
Figure 12. Length of flower panicle to three months from transplanting as influenced by
species and pinching frequency. (Mean with a common letter is not significantly different
at 5 % level by DMRT)
Counting the Number of Days from flowering to Full Bloom Stage
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of species . Result showed highly significant differences in the number of
days from transplanting to full bloom stage of flowering as affected by the three varieties
used (Table15). M. scortechenii had significantly delayed flower at full bloom stage after
a mean of 86.33 days. Plants M. multiflora had a mean height of 80.08 days from pinching
to full bloom stage of flowering. M. aphelandra had the fastest days of from pinching to
full bloom stage with the mean of 73.33.
Table 15. Number of days from pinching to full bloom stage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(DAYS)
Medinilla Species
M. aphelandra
73.33c
M. multiflora
80.08b
M. scortechenii
86.33a
Pinching Frequency
Control (unpinched)
79.89
Pinched once at one month from transplanting
80.88
Pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting
79.11
Pinched thrice at one, two and three months from transplanting
79.78
CV %= 6.87
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level by DMRT
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Effect of pinching frequency. Table 15 showed that the plants pinched once at one
month had delayed from pinching time to full bloom stage at flowering with a mean of
80.89 days. Comparable number of days were counted in plants applied with unpiched,
pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting and lastly, pinched thrice at one,
two and three months from transplanting with a mean of 79.88 days, 79.11 days and 79.77
days respectively. Again, the results showed that flowering and flowering development
were delayed by pinching frequency but had greater number of flower were produce.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects obtained between the three
species of medinilla and the different pinching frequency applied from transplanting to full
bloom stage of flowering medinilla plants.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Figure 1. Experimental area with the researcher gathering for data
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Figure 2. Document of medinilla plant one month from transplanting
Figure 3. Documentation at two months from transplanting
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Figure 4. Documentation at three months from transplanting.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
A
B
C
Species Medenilla aphelandra
Figure 5. Collection of M.scortechenii (A), M.multiflora (B), M. aphelandra (C) species
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Three pinched medinilla species, namely M. aphelandra, M. multiflora and M.
scortechenii were grown from lateral shoots and were applied with different pinching
frequency; Unpinched (control), pinched once at one month from transplanting , pinched
twice at one and two months from transplanting and pinched thrice at one, two and three
months from transplanting. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the different
pinching frequency on the growth and flowering of medinilla and to determined the best
medinilla species most responsive to the different pinching frequency on the growth and
flowering of medinilla plant. The study was conducted at the Benguet State University
Floriculture Project Research Area from September 2012 to January 2013.
Result showed that among the three species of medinilla grown. M. scortechenii
had the highest number of leaves and number of laterals per plant at three months from
transplanting compared to other species, but it delayed flowering . It was also the highest
number of panicle together with M. aphelandra. The lowest number of leaves but had the
longest flower panicle at three months from transplanting were counted on the species of
M. aphelandra. It was the latest flowering duration but it was the highest number of flower
panicle. M.multiflora had the lowest number of laterals and had the lowest number of
flower panicle but the fastest duration of flowering among the two species.
With regards to the effect of the pinching frequencies, the number of laterals
counted significantly increased with the increase in the number of pinching frequency
applied with more leaves and laterals counted in pinched thrice at one, two and three
months, and the fewer leaves and laterals were counted on the unpinched plants. Final
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
plant height, stem length of the flower were significantly reduced with more pinching with
the shortest plant and stem and more flowers were produced from plants applied with
pinched thrice at one, two and three months, but sometimes it was depend on the initial
height of the plant also. The species of medinilla with the longest flower panicle and
highest number of laterals were obtained from pinched thrice and those that pinched twice
at two and three months. However, more flowers were produce by the plants applied with
pinched thrice and less in the unpinched and those applied with pinched once at one month
from transplanting.
Significant interaction effect were obtained on the flowering duration of and flower
development. M. aphelandra that were applied with pinched twice at one and two months
significantly delayed flowering and flower development, together with M. scortechenii. M.
multiflora that were pinched twice at one and two months from transplanting were the
earliest duration of flowering.
Conclusions
Based on the finding, it is conclude that M. aphelandra is the best species medinilla
flower produce since it was the highest number of flower panicle produce together with M.
scortechenii which is produce more laterals and that will produce to many flowers later on.
Pinching frequency to be applied is based on the purpose of the grower. If the
grower wishes to produce more flowers and laterals, Pinched thrice at one, two and three
months from transplanting to produce a more laterals and flowers.
Recommendations
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
Growing M. scortechenii are therefore recommended for medinilla flowering
production together with M. aphelandra in the highland because they had the highest
number of flower panicle and it had the highest number of leaves also to give an attractive
views of the plant.
If the growers wishes to produce more flowers and laterals per plant, Pinched thrice at one,
two and three months from transplanting by snapping off the shoots above the internodes
but if the growers wishes to produce tall plant but it produce a lowest number of flowers
and laterals unpinched and pinched once at one month from transplanting is recommended.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
INCHAN, E. P. 2001. Effect of different Pinching Techniques on the Growth and
Flowering of Three Carnation Varieties under Benguet Condition B.S. Thesis BSU, La
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FULLER, H. J. 1964. The Plant World. New York: Holt Rhinehart and Winstone Inc. Pp.
161-162.
JANICK , J. 1963. Horticulture Science. Copyright @ 1963, 1972 W.H. Freeman and
Company. P. 235..
LARSON, R. A. 1980. Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, Inc. New York. P.
607.
LAURIE, A. B. and V.H. REIS. 1950. Fundamentals and Practice of Floriculture. New
York Academic Press, Inc. Pp. 339-341.
REILY, E.H. and C. L. SHRY, Jr. 2002. Introductory Horticulture. Copyright @ 2002
Delmar, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. P. 129.
WARREN,W. 2001. Tropical Garden Plants. Printed in china Toppan Printing Corp. P. 93.
Effect of Different Pinching Frequency on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Medinilla
Species | MANGINGA, LYNARES P. APRIL 2013