BIBLIOGRAPHY

TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011. Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of
Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil Properties and Performance of French Beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Adviser: Wilma L. Marquez, MSc.

ABSTRACT


The study was conducted at the Organic Demo Farm, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet from December 2010 to March 2011. The objectives of the study are: to
determine the effect of rates of vermicompost on some soil properties and on the performance of
French beans; to determine the effect of frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract on some
soil properties and performance of French beans; and to determine the best combined effect of
rates of vermicompost and frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract on some soil
properties and performance of French beans.


The rate of vermicompost and frequency of FWSE application evaluated showed marked
effects on the growth and yield of French beans and on some physical and chemical properties of
the soil.

The best combination observed was the application of 30 tons ha-1 of vermicompost and
FWSE every 14 days, which, when applied to plants, produces high marketable yield and also
affects some physical and chemical properties of the soil. On the other hand, application of
FWSE at 7 days interval is effective in terms of nodule production and pod length.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………… i

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………... xiv

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………... vi


INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. 1

REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………………………… 4

Importance of Vermicompost……………………………………………….. 4


Wild Sunflower……………………………………………………………… 5


Organic Liquid Fertilizer……………………………………………………. 6


Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Physical

Properties of the Soil………………………………………………………... 8

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Chemical

Properties of the Soil…...…………………………………………………… 9

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Plant

Growth………………………………………………………………………. 9


MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………... 12

Preparation of Fermented Wild

Sunflower Extract……………………………………………………………. 12



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………. 17

Analysis of Fertilizers Used…………………………………………………. 17


Changes in Some Physical Properties

of the Soil…………………………………………………………………..... 17

Bulk Density…………………………………………………………... 17

Porosity………………………………………………………………... 19

Water Holding Capacity

of the Soil……………………………………………………………… 19

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Changes in Some Chemical Properties

of the Soil……..……………………………………………………………... 21

Soil pH…………...……………………………………………………. 21

Organic Matter Content

of the Soil………...……………………………………………………. 22

Nitrogen……………………………………………………………….. 24

Growth and Yield Parameters……..………………………………………… 25

Average Number of Root Nodules

at Flowering Stage………...…………………………………………... 28

Average Length of Pods………...……………………………………... 30

Marketable Pod Yield…………...…………………………………….. 32

Non-marketable Pod Yield………...…………………………………... 34


Total Pod Yield………...……………………………………………… 35

Other Observations….………………………………………………………. 37

Semi-loopers Infestation……...……………………………………….. 37

Bean Rust Infection……………………………………………………. 38

Return on Cash Expenses…..………………………………………………... 40

Page

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………. 41

Summary…………………………………………………………………….. 41

Conclusions………………………………………………………………….. 42

Recommendations…………………………………………………………… 42

LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………………... 43

APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………… 46

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INTRODUCTION

French beans must be grown in fertile open soil. Being members of the legume
family, they have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules and these need lots of air
in the soil, so the structure must be loose and open. Fairly light soil to which plenty of
organic material has been added would be ideal.
Legumes can be used as good substitute for protein such as fish, meat, rice, corn
and eggs. The immature pods are rich in vitamins while the mature dry seeds are rich in
protein, carbohydrates and fats. Aside from the benefits it directly provides to farmers, it
is also beneficial in maintaining soil productivity due to its roots being able to fix
atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with a bacteria to make the soil fertile (Tomas, 2008).
For other nutrients needed for its growth and development, basal and other form of farm
supplementation is applied as fertilizer.
Organic fertilization or the use of animal excreta has been commonly and
extensively employed on cultivated soils. Organic matter supplies or replenishes plant
nutrient element which are needed by plants for its growth and development. Aside from
this, organic matter alters the pH of the soil solution, chelates heavy metal ions, supports
microbial life in the soil by releasing carbon dioxide, accelerates the chemical weathering
of minerals, and has effects on the physical conditions and water holding capacity of the
soil (Rodriguez, 1981). In addition, organic matter helps in the conservation of soil
fertility and also reduces fertilization costs (Angnen, 1983).
Fertigation is the application of fertilizers, soil amendments, or other water
soluble products through an irrigation system. The benefits of fertigation over traditional
broadcast or drop fertilizing methods include: increased nutrient absorption by plants,
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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reduced fertilizer and chemicals use, reduced leaching in the water table and reduced
water usage due to the plant's increasing root mass that is able to trap and hold water
(Wikipedia, 2008).
Fertilizer rate trials compare plant responses to a nutrient applied as a fertilizer at
different rates. Ideally, growth, yield or quality improves with increasing nutrient
addition until the deficiency is eliminated. Response curves and fertilizer requirements
often depend on the plant characteristic that is observed and measured; growth, yield and
quality attributes need not respond alike (Singer and Munns, 2006).
Liquid fertilizers play an important role in plant growth particularly leafy
vegetable crops. It gives a very important source of mineral elements and food for the
plant. It has been extensively used in irrigated lands for direct application to crops
(Zulueta, 1982). Liquid fertilizer is applied through sprays and is absorbed by plants,
thus, supplying immediately the nutrient elements and simultaneously checking
symptoms caused by deficiency of certain elements.
The study was conducted to determine:
1: The effect of rates of vermicompost on some soil properties and performance
of French beans;
2: The effect of frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract (FWSE)
application on some soil properties and performance of French beans;
3: The best combined effect of rates of vermicompost and frequency of fermented
wild sunflower extract (FWSE) application on some soil properties and performance of
French beans.
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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The study was conducted at the Organic Demo Farm, Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2010 to March 2011.





















Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Importance of Vermicompost
Vermicompost is the by-product (excreta) of earthworm digestion and has been
shown to increase plant growth and production, as well as to a variety of arthropod pests
(Little, 2008).
Vermicompost, also known as worm castings and vermicast, is different from
compost produced by other composting methods. It has more nutrient levels because
worm castings contain millions of microbes that help break down nutrients into plant
available forms. As the worms deposit their castings, their mucous is a beneficial
component and this is absent from compost produced by hot or cold composting. The
mucous component slows the release of nutrients preventing them from washing away
with the first watering. Worm compost is usually too rich for use alone as a seed starter.
It is useful as a top dressing and as an addition to potting mixes at a rate of one part
castings to 4 parts mix. Some seed pits are reported to germinate in vermicompost easily
(Sustainable Agricultural Technologies, Inc., 2010).
Vermicompost is beneficial for soil in many ways by improving the physical
structure of the soil, the biological properties of the soil, the water holding capacity of the
soil, and the root growth and structure of the plant. It also attracts deep-burrowing
earthworms already present in the soil enhances germination, plant growth, and crop
yield. In addition, vermicompost also increases microbial activity, decrease plant and soil
susceptibility to pest and disease and lessen compaction leading to better aerated soils
and higher nutrient levels and availability of nutrients to the plant (Sustainable
Agricultural Technologies, Inc. 2010).
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Lagman (2003) stated that vermicompost alone as planting medium can provide
conditions essential for the growth and development of pechay, green onions and bush
beans for container and urban gardening due to the favorable physical and chemical
properties. Aside from being an excellent planting medium, vermicompost is
recommended as soil conditioner to increase yield of some crops. He further
recommended that garden soil with poor tilth should be amended with vermicompost.
In the study conducted by Azarmi in 2008, addition of 5, 10 and 15 tons/ha of
vermicompost in soil had significant positive effect on the uptake of element nutrients
such as P, K, Fe and Zn. Also, vermicompost had improved the bulk density and porosity
of soil.

Worm casts also contain five times more nitrogen, seven times more phosphorus,
and eleven times more potassium than ordinary soil. These are main minerals needed for
plant growth, but the large numbers of beneficial soil micro-organisms in worm casts
have at least as much to do with it. The casts are also rich in humic acids, which
condition the soil, have a perfect pH balance, and contain plant growth factors similar to
those found in seaweed (Addison and Hiraga, 2010).

Wild Sunflower
Brady (1974) as cited by Durante (1982) mentioned that wild sunflower has been
known to be a good source of organic nitrogen. Besides being free, it is readily available
in the farm. Also, Brady (1974) as cited by Durante (1982) stated that sunflower as
organic fertilizer, insures vigorous growth of plants and influences nutrient absorption
due to its role in granulation thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of
the soil.
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Wild sunflowers are naturally occurring and are abundant in the Cordillera
Region. Organic farmers are using this as fertilizer which is applied fresh or decomposed
and fermented as foliar (Malucay, 2008). Sunflowers can be used to extract toxic
ingredients from soil such as lead, arsenic and uranium. Victor (1974) as cited by Baldo
(1989) stated that wild sunflower can be a perfect starter of compost as it hastens
decomposition.

According to Caccam (1984), sunflower could enhance better and more yield than
other fertilizers (Sagana 100 and Chicken Manure) and could give a more favourable
effects on the yield. In addition, Durante (1982) stated that green pod yield applied with
wild sunflower affected the height of the plants and the number of root nodules of the
plants during flowering and harvest.

A study by Malucay in 2008 showed that those that were applied with 8 tsp/liter
of fermented wild sunflower had the highest yield while the control has the lowest. This
indicates that at any rates of applied fermented wild sunflower extract with indigenous
microorganisms, there is an effect on the yield of cabbage since it contains macro
elements and microelements important for plant growth and development.
Palaleo (1978) as cited by Durante (1982), noted that chemical analysis of
composted wild sunflower are as follows: 70.2 me/ 100g compost (CEC), 0.38% N,
96.60ppm P, 6567.5 ppm K, 7.90% OM, 3206.0 ppm Ca, and a pH of 6.89.

Organic Liquid Fertilizer

Organic liquid fertilizers are produced naturally. Of these, fermented plant juices
are considered to have gone through the process of fermentation which involves the
breakdown of carbohydrates by microorganism.
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Fertilization with irrigation allows the grower to make several applications to
closely matched growth needs. Fluid fertilizers, applied as liquids, can be sprayed on the
ground for broadcasting or topdressing, injected into the soil, added to irrigation water or
sprayed on plant leaves (Plaster, 1997).
Formulated liquid fertilizer is referred to as any liquid that contains one or more
available plant nutrients (Malucay, 2008).
Joiner (1981) as cited by Fateg (2003) reported that liquid fertilizer application is
the most commonly used post plant surface applied systems. Benefits include ease and
uniformity of application, low labor requirement and ability to automate the system.
Moreover, Collings (1962) as cited by Fateg (2003) reported that liquid fertilizers offer
advantages over dry fertilizers such as less fertilizer is usually required, the avoidance of
injury to seedling roots from heavy application of dry fertilizers, better distribution of
small quantities of fertilizer is secured, fertilizer of poor condition can be utilized,
maximum crop response maybe obtained during dry weather and light application maybe
applied according to the needs of plants. In addition, Fateg (2003) reported that
application of formulated liquid fertilizer gave high significant effect on the growth and
yield of Chinese cabbage.
Fermented plant juice (FPJ) is a fermented extract of the plant’s blood and
chlorophylls. Brown sugar is used to extract the essence through osmotic pressure.
Therefore, FPJ is a rich enzyme solution full of these bacteria; invigorating plants and
animals (Cho, 2009).




Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer
on Physical Properties of Soil

Daoines (1994) stated that organic fertilizers when incorporated in the soil before
planting can also improve soil structures and conserve soil moisture. With this, vegetable
production is ideal because the soil is rich in organic matter. Also, Follet (1981) as cited
by Daoines (1994) emphasized that the organic residues on the surface of the soil are
protection against raindrop and splash erosion. It also helps reduce the extremes of
surface soil temperature, surface crushing and delay spring planting.

PCARRD (1982) as cited by Imong (2003) reported that organic fertilizer supply
some amount of nutrient requirements to the crop and promote favorable soil properties
such as granulation and good tilth needed for efficient aeration, easy root penetration and
improved water holding capacity. In addition, Cooke (1982) said that simple supply of
organic matter helps keep the soil loose and prevents packing, facilitates digging and
cultivating. It also enables the roots to readily increase water holding capacity and to
improve food production in the form of essential nutrients needed by the plants.
Organic matter improves conditions of all mineral soils for many reasons. Organic
matter helps sandy soils by increasing their water and nutrient – holding capacity and
improves clay soils by loosening them and improving their tilth. Organic matter acts as a
major reservoir of soil nutrients. Both fresh and organic matter and humus absorb water
like sponge, holding about six times their own weight in water. This is extremely
important in naturally dry and sandy soils. In fact, the water and nutrient – holding
capacity of organic matter is its major benefit in sandy soils (Plaster, 1997). In addition,
Mabazza (1997) revealed that organic fertilizer turn heavy soil lighter, more crumbly,
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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friable and they hold light soil particles together to act as anchor against erosion and to
increase the water holding capacity of soil.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer
on Chemical Properties of Soil


Organic matter alters the pH of the soil solution, chelates heavy metal ions and
supports microbial life in the soil by releasing carbon dioxide. It also accelerates the
chemical weathering of minerals, and helps water holding capacity of the soil (Rodriguez,
1981).

Effects of Organic Fertilizer
on Plant Growth


Fertilizers are used to provide minerals that are lacking in some soils, and to
replace the minerals removed from the soil by crops. Organic farmers use manure,
composts, which are a mixture of decaying organic matter that is rich in beneficial soil
microorganisms, and other natural materials to nourish soil organisms which in turn,
make minerals available to plants (Hynes, 2009).
Organic fertilizers are produced through composting. The process involves the
decomposition of plant and animal materials into organic matter or humus with the help
of microbes and other organisms. Although humus has low nutrient contents, it helps
improve the structure, porosity and water retention of the soil that increases its
biologically available moisture (Lagman, 2003).

Vermicompost is one of the organic fertilizers produced through composting with
the action of earthworms. It can be produced in about four to five weeks provided that the
optimum conditions for earthworm growth and development are met. Earthworms are
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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useful soil dwellers that fed on organic materials and in return will produce humus
(vermicompost) through their excreta or waste product (Lagman, 2003).

Compared with inorganic sources of nutrients, organic fertilizer are not
immediately soluble in water and not readily leached because they have to breakdown to
become partially soluble. They can act as slow-release source of plant nutrient and can
stimulate microbial activity (Soffe, 2003).
Fertilizers are sources of plant nutrients that can be added to soil to supplement its
natural fertility. The use of fertilizer is a very important way to reduce the unit cost of
producing food and fiber. A farmer who uses fertilizer effectively has a great competitive
advantage over one who does not (Thompson and Troeh, 1973).
Proper use of fertilizer leads to the production of more nutritious food. Organic
and mineral fertilizers are equally good for plants and for animals.
Overseas (1972) as cited by Rodriguez (1981) reported that organic fertilizers
such as compost and green manure are very important in vegetable production.
Application of organic matter not only helps maintain soil fertility but also makes
continuous production of vegetable. In addition, Edward (1998) as cited by Azarmi
(2008) claimed that, vermicompost can significantly influence the growth and
productivity of plants significantly.

Koshino (1990) as cited by Tomas (2008) stated that the nutrient elements from
organic fertilizer which are released slowly are particularly important in avoiding salt
injury; thus, enduring a continuous supply of nutrient during the growing season and in
producing product of better quality.
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Organic fertilizers can provide the macro elements and microelements which
plants need for growth. The microelements are released gradually upon decomposition of
the organic matter (Tomilas, 1996).






















Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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MATERIALS AND METHODS


The materials used in the study were French bean seeds; organic materials such as
vermicompost and fermented wild sunflower extract; planting guide, tags and other farm
implements needed in the land preparation. Plastic drum (preferably 200 L), indigenous
microorganisms, Lactic Acid Serum, muscovado sugar, fermented plant juice and
calcium phosphate were also used. Chemical reagents, laboratory equipments and glass
wares required in the analysis of nutrient elements were all found at the Soils laboratory.

Preparation of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract



The fresh wild sunflower (67 kg) was shredded or chopped and loaded in a 200 L
capacity drum, and was added with 20 L water, 1 L Indigenous Microorganisms, 1 L
Lactic Acid Serum. The drum was placed in a slanting position to avoid the spilling of
the solution. For the mixture, 3 L was obtained and was added with 1 kg muscovado
sugar, 2 tablespoon fermented plant juice and 2 tablespoon calcium phosphate and was
fermented for seven days. For the solution, 1 tablespoon was mixed in 1 L water and used
for irrigation (Tinoyan, 2010). The basis for the sunflower extract application was from
Mr. Tinoyan’s practice that the best frequency observed was once a week (Figure 1).
Fermented wild sunflower extract was applied 15 days after seed emergence and
applied according to frequencies. Application of FWSE was done until 73 days after
planting.





Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Sunflower gathering and

shredding
Apply to plants at 1 tbsp/L

water

Load in 200 L capacity

drum
Ferment for 7 days


Add 20 L water, 1 L

Add 2 tbsp Calcium
Indigenous Microorganisms
Phosphate and 2 tbsp

and 1 L Lactic Acid Serum
Fermented Plant Juice


Stand for 7 days
Extract 3 L of the solution

Figure 1. Process of making fermented wild sunflower extract


An area of 168 m2 was thoroughly prepared and divided into three (3) blocks of
equal size. Then each block was further subdivided into 4 main plots for the different
rates of vermicompost. Each main plot was subdivided into 4 subplots for the frequency
of fermented sunflower extract irrigation. The sub plots measure of 1 X 3m each.

Seeds were directly planted with a distance of 25 cm x 25 cm. Three (3) seeds
were dropped per hill and covered with soil.

The computed amount of vermicompost were weighed according to rates (0, 10,
20, and 30 tons/ha) and applied in the plots. Watering was done twice a week. Manual
picking of insects and weeding was done to minimize the pests.


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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The different treatments are as follows:

Main Plot (Rates of Vermicompost)


R1 – 0
R2 –10 tons/ha









R3 –20 tons/ha





R4 –30 tons/ha



Sub plot (Frequency of Fermented Wild Sunflower Extract Application)
F1 – control
F2 – applied every 7 days
F3 - applied every 10 days
F4 - applied every 15 days
The different treatments were laid out in a split – plot design and replicated three
times.
The data gathered were the following:
A. Soil Analysis
1. Chemical Properties of the Soil.
1.1 Soil pH. The initial and final pH was determined using the 1:2.5 CaCl2
solution by electrometric method.
1.2 Organic matter content of the soil (%). Organic matter content was
determined using Walkley-Black method.
1.3. Total Nitrogen content of the soil (%). This was computed by multiplying
the %OM content with the factor 0.05.

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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2. Physical Properties of the Soil
2.1 Bulk density of the soil (g/cm3). Initial and final bulk density was
obtained using the core method. The working formula was:
Db = Oven Dry Weight of the Soil (g)

Volume of Soil (cm3)
2.2. Water holding capacity of the soil (%). This was determined through
saturation method. Water was allowed to saturate the soil in the core sampler with the
bottom of the cylinder submerged in water to be saturated through capillarity.
% WHC = Wt. of saturated soil – Wt. of oven dry soil (g) x 100


ODW of the soil (g)
2.3. Porosity (%). This was computed using the formula:




1-BD


Porosity = PD x 100






Assume that DP = 2.65 g/cm
B. Growth and Yield Parameters
1.
Marketable pod yield (g/3m2). Yield was taken by weighing uninfested
pods harvested per plot. Harvesting was done five times.
2.
Non-marketable pod yield (g/3m2). Yield was taken by weighing diseased/
insect infected pods harvested per plot.
3.
Average pod length (cm). Ten sample plants from each treatment were
obtained. Measuring of pods was done for the first three harvests. The measured value
was divided by 10 plants.
4.
Average number of nodules per plant. Nodule counting was done during
flowering stage through destructive sampling wherein six sample plants (two hills) were
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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uprooted from each treatment. Nodules from the six sample plants were counted and were
divided by six.
C. Pest Infestation and Disease Infection Rating.
This was done through ocular observation of the 10 sample plants in each
treatment and was rated as follows:
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
No infection/infestation
Highly resistance
2
1-25 % of the total plant
Mild resistance
3
26-50 % of the total plant
Moderate resistance
4
51-75 % of the total plant
Susceptible
5
75-100 % of the total plant
Very susceptible
D. Statistical Analysis
The data gathered was statistically analyzed using the ANOVA. The
significance between treatment means was analyzed using the Duncan’s Multiple Range
Test (DMRT).
E. Return on Cash Expenses. This was taken by recording all the expenses and
computed using the formula:
ROCE (%) = Gross Income – Total Expenses x 100



Total Expenses








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


Analysis of Organic Fertilizers Used

The vermicompost used was analyzed by Center for Rural Technology
Development (CRTD) and was found to contain 1.66% N, 1.57% P2O5 and 0.77% K2O
(Table 1). Analysis done by the Saint Louis University laboratory on the fermented wild
sunflower extract was found to contain 12.5 ppm N, 200 ppm P205 and 100 ppm K2O

Changes in Some Physical Properties of the Soil

Bulk Density

Effects of rates of vermicompost. The initial bulk density of the soil was 1.36
g/cm3. This value decreased after harvest to a range of 1.17 to 1.21 g/cm3 with 30 tons/ha
having the highest value (Table 2). However, there were no significant differences among
the treatments. This showed that the decreased bulk density in the soil was mainly due to
the enhanced microbial population and activity that resulted in the formation of
aggregates and increased porosity (Manivannan et al., 2007). In addition, Cooke (1982)
said that simple supply of organic matter helps keep the soil loose and prevents packing,
facilitates digging and cultivating. Also, it agrees with the theory that the greater the
organic matter, the lower the bulk density.

Table 1. Analysis of organic fertilizers used
FERTILIZERS
N
P2O5
K2O
Vermicompost
1.66%
1.57%
0.77%
Fermented Wild
12.5 ppm
200 ppm
100 ppm
Sunflower Extract

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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Table 2. Physical properties of the soil as affected by the rates of vermicompost and

frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract application

WATER
TREATMENT
BULK DENSITY
POROSITY
(g/cm3)
(%)
HOLDING
CAPACITY (%)
Rates of Vermicompost

Control
1.17
55.82
60.81

10 tons/ha
1.20
54.91
60.52

20 tons/ha
1.20
54.78
57.94

30 tons/ha
1.21
54.47
64.10

Frequency of Fermented

Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
1.18
55.35
57.06 b

Every 7 days
1.19
54.97
65.45a

Every 10 days
1.19
54.10
61.43 ab

Every 14 days
1.202
54.65
59.45 ab

Interaction (RxF)
Ns
ns
*
Initial
1.36
48.55
50.21
Means within a column having the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level
by DMRT
ns – not significant
* - significant

Effects of frequency of FWSE application. Application of FWSE did not
significantly affect the bulk density of the soil. Bulk density values were similar in the
treatments having a range of 1.18 to 1.20 g/cm3.
Interaction effect. There was no significant effect on the interaction of
vermicompost and frequency of FWSE on the bulk density of the soil. However,
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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application of 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and FWSE every 14 days affected the bulk
density.

Porosity

Effects of rates of vermicompost. Porosity of the soil range from 54.47 to
55.82%. However, no significant differences between treatments were observed. These
porosity however improved from the initial of 48.55%. This is in accordance to what
Brady and Weil (2002) stated that a well granulated soil has more total pore space and
greater overall WHC than the one with poor granulation or one that has been compacted.
The greater total pore space indicates a greater overall WHC. Also, an increase in
porosity of well structured soil results mainly from greater amounts of large pores in
which water is held with little tenacity.
Effects of frequency of FWSE application. Application of FWSE did not
significantly affect the porosity of the soil.
Interaction effect. There was no significant effect from the interaction of
vermicompost and frequency of FWSE.

Water Holding Capacity (WHC) of the Soil
Effects of rates of vermicompost. Presented in Table 2 is the effect of rates of
vermicompost on the WHC of the soil after harvest. The varying rates of vermicompost
did not significantly affect the WHC of the soil. However, after harvest the WHC
increased from a range of 0.61 to 0.64 ml/g. This could be attributed to the decrease in
bulk density and increase in porosity as compared to the initial value. According to
Manivannan et al. (2007), the increased WHC was due to increased porosity and
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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20
decreased bulk density of the soil due to vermicompost application and these in turn
provide greater aeration and drainage. In addition, PCARRD (1982) as cited by Imong
(2003) reported that organic fertilizer supply some nutrient requirements to the crop and
promote favourable soil properties such as granulation and good tilth needed for efficient
aeration, easy root penetration and improved water holding capacity. Organic matter
helps sandy soils by increasing their water and nutrient – holding capacity and improves
clay soils by loosening them and improving their tilth. Organic matter acts as a major
reservoir of soil nutrients. Both fresh and organic matter and humus absorb water like
sponge, holding about six times their own weight in water. This is extremely important in
naturally dry and sandy soils. In fact, the water and nutrient – holding capacity of organic
matter is its major benefit in sandy soils (Plaster, 1997). In addition, as OM increases, the
water-holding capacity increases because of the affinity organic matter has for water. The
amount of organic material in a soil also influences the water holding capacity (Ball,
2011).
Effects of frequency of FWSE application. Application of fermented wild
sunflower extract significantly affected the water holding capacity of the soil (Table 1).
Application of FWSE at a frequency of every 7 days greatly affected the WHC of the soil
with a mean of 65.445 % which is significantly different from the control but is not
significantly different from those applied every 10 and 14 days. This finding implies that
the more frequent application of the FWSE, the WHC decreases. The result could be
attributed to the increase in bulk density and decrease in porosity.
Interaction effect. A significant interaction effect between rates of vermicompost
and frequency of FWSE on the WHC of the soil was observed. Application of FWSE
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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21
every 7 days with vermicompost rate of 20 tons/ha effected the best with regards to
WHC. Moreover, addition of OM increases the WHC as compared to the control.

Changes in Some Soil Chemical Properties

Soil pH

Effects of rates of vermicompost. Application of vermicompost significantly
affected the pH of the soil after harvest (Table 3). Application of 30 tons/ha
vermicompost resulted to the highest soil pH of 5.74. The results showed that
vermicompost has the ability to increase pH in the soil. Also, Singh (2002) as cited by
Panaden (2010) reported that since vermicompost are decomposed by worms, this can
contribute in adding calcium carbonate, a compound which helps moderate soil pH. On
the other hand, control plants obtained the highest pH of the soil that reasons could have
been due the improved Organic Matter content of the soil.
If the pH of the soil solution is increased above 5.5, Nitrogen (in the form of
nitrate) is made available to plants. Phosphorus, on the other hand, is available to plants
when soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.0 (Soil Science Education, 2010).
Effects of frequency of FWSE application. There is no significant effect from the
application of FWSE on soil pH after harvest. Soil pH after harvesting also improved
from the initial pH of 5.12 which shows the effect of organic fertilizers such as
vermicompost and FWSE. Further, it is also observed that even the soil pH in the control
(no vermicompost and FWSE) increased. The increase could have been due to the strong
rains in January which could have caused contamination of the control plot with those
applied with vermicompost.

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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22
Interaction effect. Results show that there is no significant effect on the
interaction between the two variables. However, application of 30 tons/ha of
vermicompost and FWSE every 7 days having the highest pH.
Organic Matter Content of the Soil

Effects of rates of vermicompost. A highly significant effect was obtained from
the application of vermicompost. A trend noted was that as the rate of vermicompost

Table 3. Chemical properties of the soil as affected by the rates of vermicompost and
frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract application
TREATMENT
pH
OM
N

(%)
(%)
Rates of Vermicompost
Control
5.623 ab
3.038 c
0.148 c
10 tons/ha
5.553 b
3.602 bc
0.179 b

20 tons/ha
5.672 ab
4.002 ab
0.200 a

30 tons/ha
5.742 a
4.352 a
0.198 a

Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
5.626
3.803
0.191

Every 7 days
5.691
3.804
0.181

Every 10 days
5.634
3.722
0.175

Every 14 days
5.640
3.663
0.179

Interaction (RxF)
ns
Ns
ns

Initial
5.12
3.34
0.17
Means within a column having the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level
by DMRT
ns – not significant
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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23
applied was increased, OM also increased. The application of vermicompost at 30 tons/ha
yielded the highest organic matter content of the soil of 4.35% while the control showed
the lowest OM content of 3.03, which decreased from the initial of 3.34%. Control
treatment was also improved with the presence of microorganisms which they provide the
condition which allows the soil to plow itself wherein the OM content of the soil is
maintained. Also, being previously applied with chicken dung and planted with broccoli,
the succeeding crop benefited from the nutrients in the soil.
Effects of frequency of FWSE application. Application of fermented wild
sunflower extract improved the soil organic matter. From the initial soil OM of 3.34%,
OM at harvest improved to 3.66 to 3.80%. Among the treatments with FWSE
application, (every 7, 10 and 14 days) application of FWSE every 7 days revealed the
highest OM content after harvest. Among these FWSE treatments, the trend is the more
frequent application (or higher application), the higher the OM content afterwards. The
lowest soil OM content was from the infrequent application or every 14 days application.
The increase in soil OM in the control could be due to beneficial microorganisms
activated during land preparation acting upon the OM previously applied like chicken
dung and organic debris from the previous broccoli crop.

Interaction effect. There is no significant effect between the interaction of the two
variables. However, organic matter content of the soil was improved with the application
of 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and FWSE every 7 days. The range of the OM observed
was increasing from 20 tons/ha to 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and decreasing frequency
of FWSE application.


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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24
Nitrogen
Effects of rates of vermicompost. The effect of different rates of vermicompost on
the N content of the soil is significant (Table 3). There was an increase of N content of
the soil from the initial content of 0.17. Vermicompost application at a rate of 20 tons/ha
showed the highest N content after harvest which was significantly higher than those
applied with 10 tons/ha and the control. Lagman (2003) found out that organic matter of
vermicompost supplies the nitrogen required for plant growth. In addition, Panaden
(2010) stated that worms produced pounds of nitrogen during decomposition process.
Effects of frequency of FWSE application. Application of fermented wild
sunflower extract at different frequency did not have a significant effect on N content of
the soil. Among the treatments fertigated with FWSE, frequent fertigation (every 7 days)
was analyzed to have the highest N content. Similar to the result on the soil OM content,
the control showed high N content, higher than the initial.
Interaction effect. No significant effect was obtained on the interaction between
the different rates of vermicompost and frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract.
However, plants applied with 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and FWSE at every 7 days
interval resulted to improved N content of the soil.







Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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25
Growth and Yield Parameters

The performance of French beans to the different treatments is seen in Figures 2,
3, 4 and 5. Further, from the observation, it was noted that, with varying rates of
vermicompost and application of FWSE, the more the plants become robust. Moreover, it
was also observed that control plants applied with FWSE produced flowers together with
the plants applied with rates of vermicompost.
The following figures show the vegetative stage of plants applied with rates of
vermicompost and frequency of FWSE application.

















Figure 2. Control plants (no vermicompost) as affected by frequencies of FWSE

application
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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26


















Figure 3. Plants applied with 10 tons/ha vermicompost as affected by frequencies of
FWSE application






Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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27


















Figure 4. Plants applied with 20 tons/ha vermicompost as affected by frequencies
of FWSE application






Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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28



















Figure 5. Plants applied with 30 tons/ha vermicompost as affected by frequencies
of FWSE application


Average Number of Root Nodules at Flowering Stage ( 49 DAP)
Effect of rates of vermicompost. The average number of root nodules is presented
in Table 4. Results showed that generally, the application of vermicompost effected
greater number of root nodules than the control. Plants applied with 30 tons/ha gained the
highest number of root nodules having a mean of 30.585 followed by those applied with
20 tons/ha and 10 tons/ha.
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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29
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. Fertigation using FWSE in French
beans significantly produced more root nodules than the control (no fertigation). Results
show that more root nodules was obtained from plants fertigated with FWSE every 10
days (F3) followed by F2 and F4. This shows that FWSE enhanced nodule formation.

Analysis of fermented wild sunflower extract had been found to contain 12.5 ppm
Nitrate nitrogen, 200 ppm Potassium and 100 ppm Phosphorus. It indicates that the

Table 4. Average number of nodules as affected by the rates of vermicompost
and frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract application

TREATMENT
AVERAGE NUMBER OF ROOT
NODULES
Rates of Vermicompost


Control
25.903

10 tons/ha
30.543

20 tons/ha
25.888

30 tons/ha
30.585

Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
22.806 b

Every 7 days
29.931 a

Every 10 days
30.083 b

Every 14 days
27.236 b

Interaction (RxF)
ns

Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
ns – not significant

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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30
available nutrients were utilized by plants during nodule formation. According to Pereira
and Bliss (1989) as cited by Panaden (2010), plants need phosphorus to fix nitrogen.
Also, O’Hara et al., (1988) as cited by Panaden (2010), Phosphorus, together with
Sulfur are required for nodule metabolism and tend to be concentrated in the nodules
when the plant is deficient in these nutrients. In addition, Durante (1982) stated that green
pod yield applied with wild sunflower affected the height of the plants and the number of
root nodules of the plants during flowering and harvest.
Interaction effect. Plants treated with 30 tons/ha vermicompost and applied with
fermented wild sunflower extract every 10 days produced higher average number of root
nodules. The availability of high amounts of organic fertilizer like vermicompost plus the
nutrient rich extract enhanced root nodule production.

Average Length of Pods

Effect of rates of vermicompost. Shown in Table 5 is the average length of bean
pods. It can be concluded from the result that as the rate of vermicompost applied is
increased to 30 tons/ha, pods produced are significantly longer. It can also be noted that
application of vermicompost even at the lowest rate tested (10 tons/ha) will result to
longer bean pods. The longest pods were harvested from those applied with 30 tons/ha
followed by those applied with 20 tons/ha with pod lengths of 13.11 cm. An average pod
length of bean is 11cm, but a net decrease occurred with further maturation.
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. Pod length was not significantly
affected by the frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract applied (Table 5). This
shows that application of wild sunflower will not significantly affect the pod length.
Length of pods ranged from 12.6 to 12.7 cm.
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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31
Interaction effect. No interaction effect was observed on the length of pods.
However, results showed that application of vermicompost at 30 tons/ha and application
of FWSE every 14 days produced the longest pods.

Table 5. Average pod length as affected by the rates of vermicompost and frequency of
fermented wild sunflower extract application

TREATMENT
AVERAGE POD LENGTH
(cm)
Rates of Vermicompost

Control
11.9 b


10 tons/ha
12.6 ab


20 tons/ha
12.9 a


30 tons/ha
13.11 a


Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application
Control
12.6


Every 7 days
12.6


Every 10 days
12.6

Every 14 days
12.7


Interaction (RxF)
ns


Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
ns – not significant






Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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32
Marketable Pod Yield
Effect of rates of vermicompost. A significant effect of the vermicompost on the
marketable yield of the plants was revealed. Results showed that an increase in
vermicompost rates from 10-30 tons/ha correspondingly increased the pod yield of
French beans from 162.633 to 221.417 g/3m2 were. The control produced the lowest pod
yield of 85.9 g/3 m2 while the highest pod yield was obtained from plants fertilized with

Table 6. Marketable pod yield as affected by the rates of vermicompost and frequency of
fermented wild sunflower extract application

TREATMENT
MARKETABLE POD YIELD
(g/3m2)
Rates of Vermicompost


Control
85.9b

10 tons/ha
162.6bc

20 tons/ha
175.9ab

30 tons/ha
221.4a

Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application
Control
167.1

Every 7 days
159.7

Every 10 days
152.2

Every 14 days
166.9

Interaction (RxF)
ns

Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
ns – not significant

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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33
30 tons ha-1 vermicompost with a mean pod yield of 221.4 g/3m2 which is almost triple
on the yield from the control. The result is attributed to the high nutrient content of
vermicompost. Analysis of the vermicompost (by CRTD) used contains 1.66% N, 1.57%
P2O5, 0.77 % K2O and beneficial microorganisms. It also attracts deep-burrowing
earthworms already present in the soil enhances germination, plant growth, and crop
yield (Sustainable Agricultural Technologies, Inc. 2010). Bishop et al. (1985) as cited by
Panaden (2010) discovered that with the action of rhizobium bacteria living on the roots
of leguminous plants, the nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonium ion (NH +
4 )
through nitrogen fixation which can be made absorbable to plants. Further, according to
Durante (1982), green pod yield applied with wild sunflower affected the height of the
plants and the number of root nodules of the plants during flowering and harvest.
Also, Manivannan et al., (2007) reported that vermicompost contains higher
amount of humic acid content and biologically active substances such as plant growth
regulators. In addition, vermicompost is the by-product (excreta) of earthworm digestion
and has been shown to increase plant growth and production, as well as to a variety of
arthropod pests (Little, 2008).
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. There is no significant effect obtained
from the application of fermented wild sunflower extract on the total pod yield. However,
application of FWSE at an interval of every 14 days out yielded the other treatments. The
control plants out yielded those plants applied with FWSE which could have been due to
the adequate supply of FWSE which made the plants very robust at the expense of pod
production. The very robust vegetative growth could have blocked the entry of sunlight to

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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34
the growing shoots where flowers are produced thus minimizing flower formation and
pod formation/production.
Interaction effect. A significant effect was obtained from the interaction of the
two variables during the third and fifth harvest. Plants applied with 30 tons/ha of
vermicompost with FWSE every 14 days produced the highest pod yield. Moreover, plant
nutrients contained by the FWSE could have been just enough for pod production (Table
6). And with the combination of the nutrients contained in the vermicompost, it would
have been utilized by plants during their vegetative growth and pod formation.

Non-marketable Pod Yield

Effect of rates of vermicompost. The different rates of vermicompost significantly
affected the production of non-marketable pods (Table 7). An increasing weight of non-
marketable pods was gathered with increasing vermicompost rate.
Plants applied with vermicompost at 20 to 30 tons ha-1 produced high weight of
non marketable with means of 17.08 and 25.58 g/3m2 respectively. This could be due to
increased occurrence of pest and diseases with the increase in yield. It is shown in Table 6
that the same treatments had the highest yield while the control had the lowest.
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. There was no significant effect
obtained from the results. However, application of FWSE at an interval of every 7 days
yielded the least non marketable yield while the control produced the highest non-
marketable yield. There could be the possibility that the sunflower have an insecticidal
effect.
Interaction effect. No significant effect was obtained on the interaction of the two
factors. However, application of 30 tons/ha and FWSE at an interval of every 7 days
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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35
Table 7. Non-marketable pod yield as affected by the rates of vermicompost and
frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract application
TREATMENT
NON-MARKETABLE
POD YIELD (g/3m2)
Rates of Vermicompost


Control
6.3c

10 tons/ha
8.2b

20 tons/ha
14.5a

30 tons/ha
14.6a

Frequency of Fermented

Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
11.5

Every 7 days
10.6

Every 10 days
10.7

Every 14 days
10.8

Interaction (RxF)
ns

Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
ns – not significant


revealed the highest non-marketable yield. Results could have been due to the treatments
applied that it makes the plants robust that favoured diseases formation and insects’
infestation.

Total Pod Yield

Effect of rates of vermicompost. The total pod yield of the plant increases with
the increasing rates of vermicompost (Table 8). The highest yield was obtained from
plants applied with 30 tons/ha with a mean of 1151.93 g/3m2 followed by 20 tons/ha with
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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36
a mean of 955.38 g/3m2. This result coincides with the statement of Tomilas (1996) that
organic fertilizers can provide the macro elements and microelements which plants need
for growth. The microelements are released gradually upon decomposition of the organic
matter.
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. Plants applied with FWSE at an
interval of every 14 days have highest yield with a mean of 892.375 g than those
frequently applied. Reasons for low yield could be due to the frequent application of

Table 8. Total pod yield as affected by the rates of vermicompost and frequency of
fermented wild sunflower extract application

TREATMENT
TOTAL POD YIELD (g/3m2)

Rates of Vermicompost


Control
455.33c

10 tons/ha
810.88bc

20 tons/ha
955.38ab

30 tons/ha
1151.93a

Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
889.83

Every 7 days
813.54

Every 10 days
777.75

Every 14 days
892.38

Interaction (RxF)
ns
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
ns – not significant


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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37
FWSE that Nitrogen might have been applied in a large amount causing a robust
plant in the expense of yield.

Interaction effect. Application of 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and an interval of
every 14 days of FWSE produced the highest total pod yield of the plant.

Other Observations


Semi-Loopers Infestation

Effect of rates of vermicompost. Table 9 shows the insect infestation rating as
influenced by the different rates of vermicompost. Pest infestation is just slight at 45
DAP with ratings of 1.18 to 1.40 then it was lessened at 52 DAP.
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. A highly significant effect was obtained
from plants applied with fermented wild sunflower extract at different frequencies. From
the results, insect infestation decreased from 45 DAP to 52 DAP. It can be observed that
frequent FWSE application (7 days interval) had the highest pest infestation. It was noted
that FWSE application at 7 and 10 days interval produced more vigorous plants and
vigorous plants most of the time are succulent which could have been the reason pest
favoured these plants.
Interaction effect. It was found that the results were highly significant. Results
showed that application of 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and FWSE at an interval of every
10 days greatly affects the pest infestation of the plants. Further, control plants have less
insect infection than the other treatments. This result could be due to the robust plants
which insects favoured.

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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38
Bean Rust Infection

Effect of rates of vermicompost. Plants applied with 20 to 30 tons/ha of
vermicompost have slightly higher bean rust infection than those of the control (Table
10). Results could be due to the robust growth of plants where diseases are favoured.

Table 9. Semi-loopers infestation rating 45 and 52 days after planting
TREATMENT
PEST RATING
45 DAP
52 DAP
AVERAGE
Rates of Vermicompost

Control
1.18
1.03 c
1.11

10 tons/ha
1.48
1.38 a
1.43

20 tons/ha
1.41
1.16 b
1.28

30 tons/ha
1.35
1.13 b
1.24

Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
1.33
1.11 b
1.22

Every 7 days
1.48
1.38 a
1.43

Every 10 days
1.28
1.09 b
1.19

Every 14 days
1.33
1.13 b
1.23

Interaction (RxF)
*
**

Means within a column having the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level
by DMRT.
* - significant
** - highly significant
1- No infection 2 – 1-25% of the plant 3 – 26-50% 4 – 51-75% 5 – 76-100%
Effect of frequency of FWSE application. Plants applied with FWSE at an
interval of every 14 days were observed to have less disease infestation. Frequent
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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39
application of nutrient rich FWSE which produced robust plants exhibited higher bean
rust infected plants.
Interaction effect. No significant effect was obtained from the interaction between
rates of vermicompost and frequency of fermented wild sunflower application.

Table 10. Bean Rust infection as affected by the rates of vermicompost and frequency of

fermented wild sunflower extract application

TREATMENT
BEAN RUST INFECTION RATING
23 DAP
38 DAP
AVERAGE
Rates of Vermicompost

Control
1.95
1.97
1.96

10 tons/ha
1.93
1.99
1.96

20 tons/ha
2.01
1.98
1.99

30 tons/ha
1.98
1.99
1.99

Frequency of Fermented
Wild Sunflower Extract Application

Control
1.96
1.99
1.98

Every 7 days
2.02
2.00
2.01

Every 10 days
1.98
1.97
1.97

Every 14 days
1.91
1.97
1.94

Interaction (RxF)
Ns
ns

Means within a column having the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level
by DMRT.
ns – Not significant
1 - No infection 2 – 1-25% of the plant 3 – 26-50% 4 – 51-75% 5 – 76-100%






Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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40
Return on Cash Expenses


Table 11 shows the return on cash expenses (ROCE) of French beans as affected
by different treatments. The result shows that all control treatments obtained the highest
ROCE. The low ROCE obtained from the different treatments was due to greater
production expenses over the total sales of the product coupled with the early maturity
and termination of the study due to bad weather and diseases.
There were only five harvests whereas under controlled environment
(greenhouse), organic practitioners report 7-13 harvest.

Table 11. Return on cash expenses

YIELD
GROSS
VARIABLE
NET INCOME
ROCE
TREATMENT
(kg/m2)
INCOME
COST
(Php)
(%)
(Php)
(Php)







R1F1
0.476
47.6
43.05
4.55
10.57
R1F2
0.361
36.1
119.85
- 83.75
-69.88

R1F3
0.440
44
100.65
-56.85
-56.28

R1F4
0.544
55.4
81.45
-26.05
-31.98

R2F1
0.754
75.4
67.05
8.35
12.45

R2F2
0.844
84.4
194.88
-110.48
-56.69

R2F3
0.761
76.1
175.68
-99.58
-56.68

R2F4
0.884
88.4
156.48
-68.08
-43.51

R3F1
1.064
106.4
91.05
15.35
16.86

R3F2
1.031
103.1
218.88
-115.78
-52.90

R3F3
0.757
75.7
199.68
-123.98
-62.09

R3F4
0.970
97
180.48
-83.48
-46.25

R4F1
1.256
126.5
115.05
11.45
9.95

R4F2
1.018
101.8
242.88
-141.08
-58.09

R4F3
1.153
115.3
223.68
-108.38
-48.45

R4F4
1.171
117.1
204.48
-87.38
-42.73
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

41

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of rates of vermicompost
and frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract application on some soil properties
and performance of French beans at the Organic Demo Farm of Cordillera Organic
Agriculture Development Center, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from
December 2010 to March 2011. Specifically, the study was conducted to determine the
effect of rates of vermicompost on some soil properties and performance of French
beans; to determine the effect of frequency of fermented wild sunflower extract on some
soil properties and performance of French beans; and to determine the best combined
effect of rates of vermicompost and frequency of fermented sunflower extract application
on some soil properties and performance of French beans.

Application of vermicompost and FWSE improves the soil properties of the soil at
the end of the experiment. Bulk density decreases while porosity and water holding
capacity increase. On the other hand, chemical properties were also improved; pH,
Organic Matter and Nitrogen content of the soil increase from initial analysis. Further,
FWSE contributed to the increase of water holding capacity of the soil.

Agronomic parameters were also increased with the application of the treatments.
Nodule production was increased with the application of 10 to 30 tons/ha of
vermicompost and FWSE at every 7, 10 and 14 days. Furthermore, longer pods were
also obtained from treatment applied with different rates of vermicompost and
frequencies of FWSE thereby increasing the marketable yields of all the treatments. In
addition, the degree of Bean Rust and Semi-loopers’ infection decreases with the
Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

42
application of FWSE. Application of 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and FWSE every 14
days is the best combination among the treatments.

Conclusions

Based on the results and findings, application of 30 tons/ha of vermicompost and
FWSE every 7 days effected the highest for agronomic parameters like nodule production
which indicates that nitrogen was needed by plants in nodule production. Further,
application of 30 tons/ha and FWSE at 14 days interval affected the pod length and
marketable yield. Also, in terms of disease and insect infestation, plants applied with an
interval of 10 to 14 days are very effective.

Recommendations

It is recommended that a follow-up study using the FWSE as main source of
fertilizer to leafy vegetables to verify and determine its effects on the growth and yield
must be conducted since the marketable pod yield was highest at more frequent
application of FWSE. Pot experiments on the treatments are also recommended to easily
observe its effects on the plants.


To keep the production expenses, the use of cheaper and low input, fresh
sunflower could be explored.





Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

43
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Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

44
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Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

45
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P 2.












Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

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46

APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Bulk density of the soil (g/cm3)
REPLICATION
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT

TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
R1
F1
1.08
1.19
1.11
3.38
1.13

F2
1.05
1.14
1.32
3.51
1.17

F3
1.07
1.26
1.3
3.63
1.21

F4
1.06
1.21
1.26
3.53
1.18
SUB TOTAL
4.26
4.80
4.99
14.05
1.17
R2
F1
1.08
1.17
1.18
3.43
1.14

F2
1.19
1.21
1.21
3.61
1.20

F3
1.19
1.27
1.1
3.56
1.19

F4
1.27
1.24
1.23
3.74
1.25
SUB TOTAL
4.73
4.89
4.72
14.34
1.20
R3
F1
1.19
1.23
1.23
3.65
1.22

F2
1.21
1.23
1.13
3.57
1.19

F3
1.15
1.18
1.27
3.60
1.20

F4
1.13
1.25
1.1
3.48
1.16
SUB TOTAL
4.68
4.89
4.73
14.30
1.19
R4
F1
1.24
1.2
1.22
3.66
1.22

F2
1.18
1.3
1.15
3.63
1.21

F3
1.22
1.12
1.18
3.52
1.17

F4
1.27
1.26
1.14
3.67
1.22
SUB TOTAL
4.91
4.88
4.69
14.48
1.21
GRAND TOTAL



57.17

MEAN





1.19







Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

47
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
R1
4.26
4.80
4.99
14.05
1.17
R2
4.73
4.89
4.72
14.34
1.20
R3
4.68
4.89
4.73
14.30
1.19
R4
4.91
4.88
4.69
14.48
1.21
BLOCK TOTAL
18.58 19.46 19.13
1.19

GRAND TOTAL



57.17


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MAIN PLOT

MEAN
F1
F2
F3
F4
R1
3.38
3.51
3.63
3.53
14.05
3.51
R2
3.43
3.61
3.56
3.74
14.34
3.59
R3
3.65
3.57
3.60
3.48
14.30
3.58
R4
3.66
3.63
3.52
3.67
14.48
3.62
FERT. TOTAL
14.12 14.32 14.31 14.42
3.57

GRAND TOTAL




57.17


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.025
0.012



9.7
Factor A
3
0.008
0.003
0.25ns
4.76
9
Error (A)
6
0.065
0.011



3.01
4.7
Factor B
3
0.004
0.001
0.37ns
2
2.32
3.3
AxB
9
0.033
0.004
1.04ns
0
Error (B)
24
0.084
0.004



Total
47
0.219




ns = Not significant





C.V. = 8.81%









C.V. = 4.98%

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

48
Appendix Table 2. Total porosity of the soil (%)
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
R1
F1
59.25
55.09
58.11
172.45
57.48

F2
60.38
56.98
50.19
167.55
55.85

F3
59.62
52.45
50.94
163.01
54.34

F4
60
54.34
52.45
166.79
55.60
SUB TOTAL
239.25
218.86
211.69
669.80
55.82
R2
F1
59.25
55.85
55.47
170.57
56.86

F2
55.09
54.34
54.34
163.77
54.59

F3
55.09
52.08
58.49
165.66
55.22

F4
52.08
53.21
53.58
158.87
52.96
SUB TOTAL
221.51
215.48
221.88
658.87
54.91
R3
F1
55.09
53.58
53.58
162.25
54.08

F2
54.34
53.58
57.36
165.28
55.09

F3
56.6
55.47
52.08
164.15
54.72

F4
57.36
52.83
58.49
168.68
56.23
SUB TOTAL
223.39
215.46
221.51
660.36
55.03
R4
F1
53.21
54.72
53.96
161.89
53.96

F2
55.47
50.94
56.6
163.01
54.34

F3
53.96
57.74
55.47
167.17
55.72

F4
52.08
52.45
56.98
161.51
53.84
SUB TOTAL
214.72
215.85
223.01
653.58
54.47
GRAND TOTAL



2642.61

MEAN





55.05









Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

49
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
239.25 218.86 211.69
669.80
55.82
R2
221.51 215.48 221.88
658.87
54.91
R3
223.39 215.46 221.51
660.36
55.03
R4
214.72 215.85 223.01
653.58
54.47
BLOCK TOTAL
898.87 865.65 878.09
55.05

GRAND TOTAL



2642.61


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
172.45 167.55 163.01 166.79
669.80
167.45
R2
170.57 163.77 165.66 158.87
658.87
164.72
R3
162.25 165.28 164.15 168.68
660.36
165.09
R4
161.89 163.01 167.17 161.51
653.58
163.40
FERT. TOTAL
667.16 659.61 659.99 655.85
165.16

GRAND TOTAL




2642.61


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
28.836
14.418



Factor A
3
12.122
4.041
0.25ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
95.131
15.855



Factor B
3
2.887
0.962
0.18ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
57.537
6.393
1.24ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
123.520
5.147



Total
47
320.032




ns = Not significant






C.V. = 7.24%










C.V. = 4.13%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

50
Appendix Table 3. Water holding capacity of the soil (%)

WHOLE PLOT SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III

R1
F1
43.42
55.31
65.01
163.74
54.58

F2
60.57
68
67.33
195.90
65.30

F3
45.64
62.34
69.4
177.38
59.13

F4
60.48
63.71
68.48
192.67
64.22
SUB TOTAL
210.11
249.36
270.22
729.69
60.81
R2
F1
49.45
58.68
57.81
165.94
55.31

F2
65.36
69.15
66.94
201.45
67.15

F3
63.9
65.22
63.67
192.79
64.26

F4
55.93
54.4
55.75
166.08
55.36
SUB TOTAL
234.64
247.45
244.17
726.26
60.52
R3
F1
50.42
54.26
55.49
160.17
53.39

F2
63.15
66.39
69.65
199.19
66.40

F3
50.01
58.63
52.34
160.98
53.66

F4
65
55.65
54.24
174.89
58.30
SUB TOTAL
228.58
234.93
231.72
695.23
57.94
R4
F1
64.66
66.12
63.91
194.69
64.90

F2
61.96
57.77
69.07
188.80
62.93

F3
76.48
66.81
62.66
205.95
68.65

F4
61.56
54.41
63.78
179.75
59.92
SUB TOTAL
264.66
245.11
259.42
769.19
64.10
GRAND TOTAL



2920.37

MEAN





60.84









Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

51
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
210.11 249.36
270.22
729.69
60.81
R2
234.64 247.45
244.17
726.26
60.52
R3
228.58 234.93
231.72
695.23
57.94
R4
264.66 245.11
259.42
769.19
64.10
BLOCK TOTAL
926.89 775.75 1025.53
60.84

GRAND TOTAL
2920.37




TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN
F1
F2
F3
F4

R1
163.74 195.90 177.38 192.67
729.69
60.81
R2
165.94 201.45 192.79 166.08
726.26
60.52
R3
160.17 199.19 160.98 174.89
695.23
57.94
R4
194.69 188.80 205.95 179.75
769.19
64.10
FERT. TOTAL
60.84
GRAND TOTAL




2920.37





ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
143.631
71.816



Factor A
3
229.905
76.635
1.14ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
400.495
66.749



Factor B
3
454.616
151.539
7.65**
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
553.455
61.495
3.10*
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
475.257
19.802



Total
47
2257.359




** = Highly significant






C.V. = 8.81%
* = Significant







C.V. = 4.98%
ns = Not significant


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

52
Appendix Table 4. Soil pH

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
5.56
5.66
5.46
16.68
5.56

F2
5.73
5.78
5.54
17.05
5.68

F3
5.67
5.71
5.57
16.95
5.65

F4
5.71
5.5
5.59
16.80
5.60
SUB TOTAL
22.67
22.65
22.16
67.48
5.62
R2
F1
5.61
5.54
5.51
16.66
5.55

F2
5.61
5.53
5.64
16.78
5.59

F3
5.55
5.52
5.41
16.48
5.49

F4
5.64
5.59
5.49
16.72
5.57
SUB TOTAL
22.41
22.18
22.05
66.64
5.55
R3
F1
5.61
5.62
5.78
17.01
5.67

F2
5.81
5.8
5.58
17.19
5.73

F3
5.56
5.69
5.85
17.10
5.70

F4
5.56
5.56
5.64
16.76
5.59
SUB TOTAL
22.54
22.67
22.85
68.06
5.67
R4
F1
5.85
5.72
5.59
17.16
5.72

F2
5.75
5.82
5.7
17.27
5.76

F3
5.7
5.72
5.66
17.08
5.69

F4
5.94
5.69
5.77
17.40
5.80
SUB TOTAL
23.24
22.95
22.72
68.91
5.74
GRAND
TOTAL




271.09

MEAN





5.65








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

53
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
22.67 22.65 22.16
67.48
22.49
R2
22.41 22.18 22.05
66.64
22.21
R3
22.54 22.67 22.85
68.06
22.69
R4
23.24 22.95 22.72
68.91
22.97
BLOCK TOTAL
90.86 90.45 89.78
22.59

GRAND TOTAL



271.09


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
16.68 17.05 16.95 16.80
67.48
16.87
R2
16.66 16.78 16.48 16.72
66.64
16.66
R3
17.01 17.19 17.10 16.76
68.06
17.02
R4
17.16 17.27 17.08 17.40
68.91
17.23
FERT. TOTAL
67.51 68.29 67.61 67.68
16.94

GRAND TOTAL




271.09


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.037
0.019



Factor A
3
0.229
0.076
6.80*
4.76
9.78
Error (A)
6
0.067
0.011



Factor B
3
0.031
0.010
1.31ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
0.066
0.007
0.94ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
0.189
0.008



Total
47
0.619




* = Significant







C.V. = 1.86%
ns = Not significant






C.V. = 1.57%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

54
Appendix Table 5. Organic Matter content of the soil (%)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
3.18
2.83
3.12
9.13
3.04

F2
3.24
4.07
3.15
10.46
3.49

F3
2.26
2.86
3.49
8.61
2.87

F4
2.18
2.72
3.35
8.25
2.75
SUB TOTAL
10.86
12.48
13.11
36.45
3.04
R2
F1
3.24
3.49
3.84
10.57
3.52

F2
3.55
3.35
3.64
10.54
3.51

F3
3.44
4.07
3.69
11.20
3.73

F4
3.38
4.12
3.41
10.91
3.64
SUB TOTAL
13.61
15.03
14.58
43.22
3.60
R3
F1
3.46
4.55
3.95
11.96
3.99

F2
4.09
3.89
3.98
11.96
3.99

F3
3.92
3.66
4.04
11.62
3.87

F4
4.15
4.35
3.98
12.48
4.16
SUB TOTAL
15.62
16.45
15.95
48.02
4.00
R4
F1
4.7
4.58
4.7
13.98
4.66

F2
3.38
4.64
4.67
12.69
4.23

F3
4.35
4.61
4.27
13.23
4.41

F4
3.38
4.7
4.24
12.32
4.11
SUBTOTAL
15.81
18.53
17.88
52.22
4.35
GRAND TOTAL



179.91

MEAN





3.75








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

55
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
10.86 12.48 13.11
36.45
3.04
R2
13.61 15.03 14.58
43.22
3.60
R3
15.62 16.45 15.95
48.02
4.00
R4
15.81 18.53 17.88
52.22
4.35
BLOCK TOTAL
55.90 62.49 61.52
3.75

GRAND TOTAL



179.91


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
9.13
10.46
8.61
8.25
36.45
9.11
R2
10.57 10.54 11.20 10.91
43.22
10.81
R3
11.96 11.96 11.62 12.48
48.02
12.01
R4
13.98 12.69 13.23 12.32
52.22
13.06
FERT. TOTAL
45.64 45.65 44.66 43.96
11.24

GRAND TOTAL




179.91


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
1.582
0.791



Factor A
3
11.460
3.820
50.85**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
0.451
0.075



Factor B
3
0.169
0.056
0.38ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
1.512
0.168
1.12ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
3.587
0.149



Total
47
18.761




** = Highly significant





C.V. = 7.32%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 10.31%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

56
Appendix Table 6. Total Nitrogen content of the soil (%)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
0.16
0.14
0.16
0.46
0.15

F2
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.48
0.16

F3
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.42
0.14

F4
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.42
0.14
SUB TOTAL
0.54
0.58
0.66
1.78
0.15
R2
F1
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.52
0.17

F2
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.53
0.18

F3
0.17
0.2
0.18
0.55
0.18

F4
0.17
0.21
0.17
0.55
0.18
SUB TOTAL
0.68
0.75
0.72
2.15
0.18
R3
F1
0.17
0.23
0.2
0.60
0.20

F2
0.2
0.19
0.2
0.59
0.20

F3
0.2
0.18
0.2
0.58
0.19

F4
0.21
0.22
0.2
0.63
0.21
SUB TOTAL
0.78
0.82
0.80
2.40
0.20
R4
F1
0.24
0.23
0.24
0.71
0.24

F2
0.17
0.23
0.23
0.63
0.21

F3
0.22
0.23
0.21
0.66
0.22

F4
0.17
0.24
0.21
0.62
0.21
SUB TOTAL
0.80
0.93
0.89
2.62
0.22
GRAND TOTAL



8.95

MEAN





0.19








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

57
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
0.54 0.58 0.66
1.78
0.15
R2
0.68 0.75 0.72
2.15
0.18
R3
0.78 0.82 0.80
2.40
0.20
R4
0.80 0.93 0.89
2.62
0.22
BLOCK TOTAL
2.80 3.08 3.07
0.19

GRAND TOTAL



8.95


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
0.46 0.48 0.42 0.42
1.78
0.45
R2
0.52 0.53 0.55 0.55
2.15
0.54
R3
0.60 0.59 0.58 0.63
2.40
0.60
R4
0.71 0.63 0.66 0.62
2.62
0.66
FERT. TOTAL
2.29 2.23 2.21 2.22
0.56

GRAND TOTAL




8.95


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.003
0.001



Factor A
3
0.021
0.007
8.41*
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
0.005
0.001



Factor B
3
0.002
0.001
1.28ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
0.006
0.001
1.57ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
0.010
0.000



Total
47
0.046




* = Significant






C.V. =17.38%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 11.26%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

58
Appendix Table 7. Average number of nodules at flowering stage

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
11.50
19.17
19.67
50.33
16.78

F2
24.17
33.50
25.00
82.67
27.56

F3
26.17
27.17
21.50
74.83
24.94

F4
19.83
27.50
21.33
68.67
34.33
SUB TOTAL
81.67
107.33
87.50
276.50 25.903
R2
F1
30.83
22.50
24.33
77.67
25.89

F2
33.83
27.83
34.17
95.83
31.94

F3
33.67
34.00
37.50
105.17
35.06

F4
31.83
24.17
31.83
87.83
29.28
SUB TOTAL
130.17
108.50
127.83
366.50
30.543
R3
F1
17.83
19.50
25.00
62.33
20.78

F2
36.33
23.00
30.50
89.83
29.94

F3
30.50
18.00
26.33
74.83
24.94

F4
28.50
25.67
29.50
83.67
27.89
SUB TOTAL
113.17
86.17
111.33
310.67
25.888
R4
F1
21.83
26.83
34.67
83.33
27.78

F2
28.50
29.33
33.00
90.83
30.28

F3
31.17
29.00
46.00
106.17
35.39

F4
23.17
33.33
30.17
86.67
28.89
SUB TOTAL
104.67
118.5
143.83
367.00 30.585
GRAND TOTAL



1320.67

MEAN





28.230








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

59
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
81.67
107.33
87.50
276.50
92.17
R2
130.17 108.50 127.83
366.50
122.17
R3
113.17
86.17
111.33
310.67
103.56
R4
104.67 118.50 143.83
367.00
122.33
BLOCK TOTAL
429.67 420.50 470.50

110.06
GRAND TOTAL



1320.67

TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
50.33
82.67
74.83
68.67
276.50
69.13
R2
77.67
95.83
105.17
87.83
366.50
91.63
R3
62.33
89.83
74.83
83.67
310.67
77.67
R4
83.33
90.83
106.17
86.67
367.00
91.75
FERT. TOTAL
273.67 359.17 361.00 326.83
82.54
GRAND TOTAL




1320.67


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED
0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
88.567




Factor A
3
494.753
164.918
2.579ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
383.614
63.957



Factor B
3
416.242
138.747
10.635**
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
154.074
17.119
1.312ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
313.101
13.046



Total
47
1850.350




** = Highly significant





C.V. =28.32%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 12.79%



Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

60
Appendix Table 8. Pod length 61 days after planting (cm)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
12.26
11.41
12.74
36.41
12.14

F2
11.35
12.12
12.30
35.77
11.92

F3
11.93
12.16
12.43
36.52
12.17

F4
12.87
12.54
13.34
38.75
12.92
SUB TOTAL
48.41
48.23
50.81
147.45
12.288
R2
F1
12.46
13.43
13.23
39.12
13.04

F2
12.99
13.33
12.23
38.55
12.85

F3
13.01
12.64
13.86
39.51
13.17

F4
12.59
12.93
13.07
38.59
12.86
SUB TOTAL
51.05
52.33
52.39
155.77
12.98
R3
F1
13.27
13.77
13.55
40.59
13.53

F2
13.96
13.86
12.50
40.32
13.44

F3
13.57
13.02
13.08
39.67
13.22

F4
13.05
13.41
13.47
39.93
13.31
SUB TOTAL
53.85
54.06
52.60
160.51
13.375
R4
F1
14.15
13.61
12.78
40.54
13.51

F2
14.43
12.92
13.63
40.98
13.66

F3
13.53
13.43
13.72
40.68
13.56

F4
14.19
13.24
13.73
41.16
13.72
SUB TOTAL
56.30
53.20
53.86
163.36
13.613
GRAND TOTAL



627.09

MEAN





13.064








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

61
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
48.41
48.23
50.81
147.45
49.15
R2
51.05
52.33
52.39
155.77
51.92
R3
53.85
54.06
52.60
160.51
53.50
R4
56.30
53.20
53.86
163.36
54.45
BLOCK TOTAL
209.61 207.82 209.66

52.26
GRAND TOTAL



627.09


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN
F1
F2
F3
F4


R

1
36.41
35.77
36.52
38.75
147.45
36.86
R2
39.12
38.55
39.51
38.59
155.77
38.94
R3
40.59
40.32
39.67
39.93
160.51
40.13
R4
40.54
40.98
40.68
41.16
163.36
40.84
FERT. TOTAL
156.66 155.62 156.38 158.43
39.19

GRAND TOTAL
627.09






ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.169
0.085



Factor A
3
11.984
3.995
8.71**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
2.750
0.458



Factor B
3
0.394
0.131
0.60ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
1.739
0.193
0.89ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
5.197
0.217



Total
47
22.235




** = Highly significant






C.V. =5.18%
ns = Not significant






C.V. = 3.56%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

62
Appendix Table 9. Pod length 64 days after planting (cm)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
11.82
11.92
10.90
34.64
11.55

F2
10.94
12.50
11.56
35.00
11.67

F3
11.97
12.70
11.91
36.58
12.19

F4
12.35
12.57
11.37
36.29
12.10
SUB TOTAL
47.08
49.69
45.74
142.51
11.878
R2
F1
11.89
12.84
12.28
37.01
12.34

F2
12.51
12.82
12.73
38.06
12.69

F3
13.21
12.51
11.91
37.63
12.54

F4
13.23
12.95
11.90
38.08
12.69
SUB TOTAL
50.84
51.12
48.82
150.78
12.565
R3
F1
13.13
13.20
12.06
38.39
12.80

F2
12.69
13.51
12.97
39.17
13.06

F3
12.39
12.95
12.70
38.04
12.68

F4
12.81
13.61
12.27
38.69
12.90
SUB TOTAL
51.02
53.27
50.00
154.29
12.86
R4
F1
13.12
12.71
13.90
39.73
13.24

F2
13.68
12.97
12.26
38.91
12.97

F3
13.23
12.87
12.26
38.36
12.79

F4
13.34
13.15
13.01
39.50
13.17
SUB TOTAL
53.37
51.70
51.43
156.50
13.043
GRAND TOTAL



604.08

MEAN





12.59








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

63
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
47.08
49.69
45.74
142.51
47.50
R2
50.84
51.12
48.82
150.78
50.26
R3
51.02
53.27
50.00
154.29
51.43
R4
53.37
51.70
51.43
156.50
52.17
BLOCK TOTAL
202.31 205.78 195.99

50.34
GRAND TOTAL



604.08


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
34.64
35.00
36.58
36.29
142.51
35.63
R2
37.01
38.06
37.63
38.08
150.78
37.70
R3
38.39
39.17
38.04
38.69
154.29
38.57
R4
39.73
38.91
38.36
39.50
156.50
39.13
FERT. TOTAL
149.77 151.14 150.61 152.56
37.76
GRAND TOTAL




604.08


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES
OF
F
0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES
Block
2
3.066
1.533



Factor A
3
9.405
3.135
11.24**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
1.673
0.279



Factor B
3
0.343
0.114
0.53ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
1.414
0.157
0.73ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
5.168
0.215



Total
47
21.069




** = Highly significant






C.V. =14.89%
ns = Not significant






C.V. = 3.69%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

64
Appendix Table 10. Pod length 67 days after planting (cm)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
11.48
11.72
11.45
34.65
11.55

F2
10.31
11.65
11.58
33.54
11.18

F3
11.48
11.77
11.71
34.96
11.65

F4
11.34
12.03
12.02
35.39
11.80
SUB TOTAL
44.61
47.17
46.76
138.54
11.545
R2
F1
10.99
12.37
12.35
35.71
11.90

F2
11.72
12.27
12.01
36.00
12.00

F3
12.79
13.00
11.91
37.70
12.57

F4
12.28
12.40
12.83
37.51
12.50
SUB TOTAL
47.78
50.04
49.10
146.92
12.243
R3
F1
12.20
13.09
12.45
37.74
12.58

F2
12.24
12.78
12.79
37.81
12.60

F3
12.14
12.69
12.28
37.11
12.37

F4
11.60
12.61
12.14
36.35
12.12
SUB TOTAL
48.18
51.17
49.66
149.01
12.418
R4
F1
12.76
13.06
13.10
38.92
12.97

F2
13.00
13.01
11.99
38.00
12.67

F3
12.81
12.41
12.03
37.25
12.42

F4
12.76
13.16
11.97
37.89
12.63
SUB TOTAL
51.33
51.64
49.09
152.06
12.673
GRAND TOTAL



586.53

MEAN





12.22








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

65
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
44.61
47.17
46.76
138.54
46.18
R2
47.78
50.04
49.10
146.92
48.97
R3
48.18
51.17
49.66
149.01
49.67
R4
51.33
51.64
49.09
152.06
50.69
BLOCK TOTAL
191.90 200.02 194.61

48.88
GRAND TOTAL



586.53


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
34.65
33.54
34.96
35.39
138.54
34.64
R2
35.71
36.00
37.70
37.51
146.92
36.73
R3
37.74
37.81
37.11
36.35
149.01
37.25
R4
38.92
38.00
37.25
37.89
152.06
38.02
FERT. TOTAL
147.02 145.35 147.02 147.14
36.66
GRAND TOTAL




586.53


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
2.136
1.068



Factor A
3
8.390
2.797
10.90**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
1.539
0.256



Factor B
3
0.184
0.061
0.46ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
2.417
0.269
2.02ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
3.192
0.133



Total
47
17.858




** = Highly significant






C.V. =14.47%
ns = Not significant






C.V. = 2.98%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

66
Appendix Table 11. Marketable pod yield 61 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
150
50
125
325.00
108.33

F2
75
50
150
275.00
91.67

F3
150
100
100
350.00
116.67

F4
200
75
175
450.00
150.00
SUB TOTAL
575.00
275.00
550.00
1400.00
116.667
R2
F1
200
100
350
650.00
216.67

F2
225
150
225
600.00
200.00

F3
200
125
175
500.00
166.67

F4
175
125
225
525.00
175.00
SUB TOTAL
800.00
500.00
975.00
2275.00
189.583
R3
F1
400
150
300
850.00
283.33

F2
500
175
250
925.00
308.33

F3
400
100
200
700.00
233.33

F4
350
250
300
900.00
300.00
SUB TOTAL
1650.00 675.00 1050.00 3375.00 281.250
R4
F1
400
350
450
1200.00
400.00

F2
575
150
225
950.00
316.67

F3
425
250
300
975.00
325.00

F4
500
225
425
1150.00
383.33
SUB TOTAL
1900.00 975.00 1400.00
4275.00
356.083
GRAND TOTAL



11325.00

MEAN





235.938








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

67
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
575.00
275.00
550.00
1400.00
466.67
R2
800.00
500.00
975.00
2275.00
758.33
R3
1650.00 675.00 1050.00
3375.00 1125.00
R4
1900.00 975.00 1400.00
4275.00 1425.00
BLOCK TOTAL
4925.00 2425.00 3975.00

943.75
GRAND TOTAL



11325.00


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
325.00
275.00
350.00
450.00
1400.00
350.00
R2
650.00
600.00
500.00
525.00
2275.00
568.75
R3
850.00
925.00
700.00
900.00
3375.00
843.75
R4
1200.00 950.00
975.00 1150.00 4275.00 1068.75
FERT. TOTAL
3025.00 2750.00 2525.00 3025.00
707.81
GRAND TOTAL



11325.00


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES
SQUARES
F
Block
2
199062.50
99531.250



Factor A
3
394830.73
131610.24
11.00**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
71770.833
11961.806



Factor B
3
14622.396
4874.132
1.17ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
21263.021
2362.558
0.57ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
99583.333
4149.306



Total
47
801132.81




** = Highly significant





C.V. =18.63%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 12.19%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

68
Appendix Table 12. Marketable pod yield 64 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
135
126
205
466.00
155.33

F2
31
130
205
366.00
122.00

F3
78
230
123
431.00
143.67

F4
180
154
145
479.00
159.67
SUB TOTAL
424.00
640.00
678.00
1742.00
145.17
R2
F1
232
229
181
642.00
214.00

F2
409
406
151
966.00
322.00

F3
379
304
45
728.00
242.67

F4
380
256
397
1033.00
344.33
SUB TOTAL
1400.00 1195.00 774.00
3369.00
280.75
R3
F1
203
477
332
1012.00
337.33

F2
177
377
174
728.00
242.67

F3
151
224
245
620.00
206.67

F4
154
476
121
751.00
250.33
SUB TOTAL
685.00
1554.00
872.00
3111.00
259.25
R4
F1
324
430
193
947.00
315.67

F2
275
214
489
978.00
326.00
F3
279
426
422
1127.00
375.67

F4
248
326
241
815.00
271.67
SUB TOTAL
1126.00 1396.00 1345.00
3867.00
322.25
GRAND TOTAL



12089.00
MEAN






255.21








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

69
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
424.00
639.20
678.50
1741.70
580.57
R2
1400.00 1195.70 774.00
3369.70
1123.23
R3
684.70 1553.70 872.00
3110.40
1036.80
R4
1126.00 1396.20 1345.00
3867.20
1289.07
BLOCK TOTAL
3634.70 4784.80 3669.50

1007.42
GRAND TOTAL



12089.00


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
465.50
366.40
431.30
478.50
1741.70
435.43
R2
642.20
965.50
728.50
1033.50
3369.70
842.43
R3
1012.00
728.40
620.00
750.00
3110.40
777.60
R4
946.80
977.80 1127.60
815.00
3867.20
966.80
FERT. TOTAL
3066.50 3038.10 2907.40 3077.00
755.56
GRAND TOTAL




12089.00


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED
0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
42021.500 21010.750



Factor A
3
241148.73 80382.910
5.38*
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
89581.333 14930.222



Factor B
3
4199.229
1399.743
0.16ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
88422.521 9824.725
1.15ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
204118.50 8504.938



Total
47
669491.50



* = Significant






C.V. =20.74%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 13.45%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

70
Appendix Table 13. Marketable pod yield 67 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
79
60
30
169.00
56.33

F2
30
9
20
59.00
19.67

F3
40
7
50
97.00
32.33

F4
130
30
40
200.00
66.67
SUB TOTAL
279.00
106.00
140.00
525.00
43.750
R2
F1
120
49
70
239.00
79.67

F2
140
49
60
249.00
83.00

F3
200
79
80
359.00
119.67

F4
180
218
50
448.00
149.33
SUB TOTAL
640.00
395.00
260.00
1295.00 107.917
R3
F1
140
58
100
298.00
99.33

F2
170
228
100
498.00
166.00

F3
130
118
40
288.00
96.00

F4
150
49
60
259.00
86.33
SUB TOTAL
590.00
453.00
300.00
1343.00 111.917
R4
F1
250
156
250
656.00
218.67

F2
210
50
80
340.00
113.33

F3
186
20
74
280.00
93.33

F4
204
105
225
534.00
178.00
SUB TOTAL
850.00
331.00
629.00
1810.00 150.917
GRAND TOTAL



4973.00

MEAN





103.63








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

71
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
279.20
105.20
140.00
524.40
174.80
R2
640.00
395.00
260.00
1295.00 431.67
R3
590.00
452.50
300.00
1342.50 447.50
R4
850.50
331.00
629.00
1810.50 603.50
BLOCK TOTAL
2359.70 1283.70 1329.00

414.37
GRAND TOTAL



4972.40


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
168.70
59.20
97.00
199.50
524.40
131.10
R2
239.00
249.00
359.00
448.00
1295.00 323.75
R3
298.00
498.00
288.00
258.50
1342.50 335.63
R4
656.00
340.00
279.80
534.70
1810.50 452.63
FERT. TOTAL
1361.70 1146.20 1023.80 1440.70
310.78
GRAND TOTAL




4972.40


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN OF
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
SQUARES COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES
F
Block
2
46260.875
23130.438



Factor A
3
70904.250
23634.750
6.73*
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
21057.625
3509.604



Factor B
3
9260.917
3086.972
1.88ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
46921.417
5213.491
3.17*
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
39458.167
1644.090



Total
47
233863.25




* = Significant






C.V. =20.74%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 13.45%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

72
Appendix Table 14. Marketable pod yield 70 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
90
128
98
316.00
105.33

F2
28
110
100
238.00
79.33

F3
50
100
99
249.00
83.00

F4
80
104
130
314.00
104.67
SUB TOTAL
248.00
442.00
427.00
1117.00
93.08
R2
F1
70
153
210
433.00
144.33

F2
68
130
128
326.00
108.67

F3
99
200
97
396.00
132.00

F4
80
100
125
305.00
101.67
SUB TOTAL
317.00
583.00
560.00
1460.00
121.67
R3
F1
150
205
180
535.00
178.33

F2
140
160
160
460.00
153.33

F3
129
190
78
397.00
132.33

F4
100
290
210
600.00
200.00
SUB TOTAL
519.00
845.00
628.00
1992.00
166.00
R4
F1
142
160
135
437.00
145.67

F2
129
130
170
429.00
143.00

F3
160
180
90
430.00
143.33

F4
130
220
80
430.00
143.33
SUB TOTAL
561.00
690.00
475.00
1726.00
143.83
GRAND TOTAL



6295.00

MEAN





131.15








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

73
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
247.50
442.00
426.00
1115.50 371.83
R2
316.50
583.00
559.70
1459.20 486.40
R3
519.00
845.00
628.40
1992.40 664.13
R4
561.00
690.00
475.00
1726.00 575.33
BLOCK TOTAL
1644.00 2560.00 2089.10

524.43
GRAND TOTAL



6293.10


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
315.50
238.00
248.00
314.00
1115.50 278.88
R2
433.00
325.70
395.50
305.00
1459.20 364.80
R3
535.00
460.00
397.40
600.00
1992.40 498.10
R4
436.80
429.20
430.00
430.00
1726.00 431.50
FERT. TOTAL
1720.30 1452.90 1470.90 1649.00
393.32
GRAND TOTAL




6293.10


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
26169.792
13084.896



Factor A
3
34972.729
11657.576
6.90*
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
10142.208
1690.368



Factor B
3
4356.563
1452.188
1.03ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
8756.688
972.965
0.69ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
33960.000
1415.000



Total
47
233863.25




* = Significant






C.V. =39.67%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 28.68%



Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

74
Appendix Table 15. Marketable pod yield 73 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
26
10
39
75.00
25.00

F2
15
9
39
63.00
21.00

F3
20
23
28
71.00
23.67

F4
30
25
36
91.00
30.33
SUB TOTAL
91.00
67.00
142.00
300.00
25.00
R2
F1
76
20
118
214.00
71.33

F2
65
112
80
257.00
85.67

F3
63
62
34
159.00
53.00

F4
64
39
104
207.00
69.00
SUB TOTAL
268.00
233.00
336.00
837.00
69.75
R3
F1
96
110
41
247.00
82.33

F2
87
104
49
240.00
80.00

F3
22
20
53
95.00
31.67

F4
82
71
41
194.00
64.67
SUB TOTAL
287.00
305.00
184.00
776.00
64.67
R4
F1
114
46
118
278.00
92.67

F2
98
32
50
180.00
60.00

F3
154
158
130
442.00
147.33

F4
127
110
130
367.00
122.33
SUB TOTAL
493.00
346.00
428.00
1267.00
105.58
GRAND TOTAL



3180.00

MEAN





66.25








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

75
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
90.40
65.80
143.50
299.70
99.90
R2
267.10
232.30
336.00
835.40
278.47
R3
286.60
305.70
184.40
776.70
258.90
R4
493.20
345.70
429.00
1267.90
422.63
BLOCK TOTAL
1137.30 949.50 1092.90

264.98
GRAND TOTAL



3179.70


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
74.60
62.90
71.10
91.10
299.70
74.93
R2
213.90 256.30 158.20 207.00
835.40
208.85
R3
247.60 239.90
94.70
194.50
776.70
194.18
R4
278.40 180.20 442.40 366.90
1267.90
316.98
FERT. TOTAL
814.50 739.30 766.40 859.50

198.73
GRAND TOTAL




3179.70


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
10501.792
5250.896



Factor A
3
67297.729
22432.576
3.65ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
36822.208
6137.035



Factor B
3
8605.396
2868.465
1.25ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
83490.187
9276.687
4.05**
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
54946.667
2289.444



Total
47
261663.98




** = Highly significant





C.V. = 24.89%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 20.50%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

76
Appendix Table 16. Non-marketable pod yield 61 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
1
0
0
1.00
0.33

F2
2
0
0
2.00
0.67

F3
9
0
0
9.00
3.00

F4
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
SUB TOTAL
12.00
0.00
0.00
12.00
1.00
R2
F1
0
0
0
0.00
0.00

F2
0
2
0
2.00
0.67

F3
0
0
0
0.00
0.00

F4
0
2
0
2.00
0.67
SUB TOTAL
0.00
4.00
0.00
4.00
0.33
R3
F1
9
2
0
11.00
3.67

F2
0
0
0
0.00
0.00

F3
26
3
2
31.00
10.33

F4
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
SUB TOTAL
35.00
5.00
2.00
42.00
3.50
R4
F1
28
4
0
32.00
10.67

F2
7
0
0
7.00
2.33

F3
5
0
0
5.00
1.67

F4
2
0
0
2.00
0.67
SUB TOTAL
42.00
4.00
0.00
46.00
3.83
GRAND TOTAL



104.00

MEAN





2.17








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

77
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
12.60
0.00
0.00
12.60
4.20
R2
0.00
3.60
0.00
3.60
1.20
R3
35.20
4.50
1.50
41.20
13.73
R4
41.70
4.00
0.00
45.70
15.23
BLOCK TOTAL
89.50 12.10 1.50

8.59
GRAND TOTAL



103.10


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
1.20
2.40
9.00
0.00
12.60
3.15
R2
0.00
1.80
0.00
1.80
3.60
0.90
R3
10.70
0.00
30.50 0.00
41.20
10.30
R4
32.00
7.20
5.00
1.50
45.70
11.43
FERT. TOTAL
43.90
11.40
44.50 3.30
6.44
GRAND TOTAL




103.10


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
281.902
140.951



Factor A
3
110.869
36.956
1.23ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
180.738
30.123



Factor B
3
116.769
38.923
1.78ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
305.641
33.960
1.55ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
524.320
21.847



Total
47
1520.239




ns = Not significant





C.V. =28.88%









C.V. = 18.41%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

78
Appendix Table 17. Non-marketable pod yield 64 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
15
25
20
60.00
20.00

F2
19
20
20
59.00
19.67

F3
22
15
21
58.00
19.33

F4
19
22
22
63.00
21.00
SUB TOTAL
75.00
82.00
83.00
240.00
20.00
R2
F1
18
21
19
58.00
19.33

F2
16.5
19
24
59.50
19.83

F3
21
16
22
59.00
19.67

F4
20
19
25
64.00
21.33
SUB TOTAL
75.50
75.00
90.00
240.50
20.04
R3
F1
22
23
18
63.00
21.00

F2
14
23
22
59.00
19.67

F3
24
22
20
66.00
22.00

F4
22
22
25
69.00
23.00
SUB TOTAL
82.00
90.00
85.00
257.00
21.42
R4
F1
26
20
24
70.00
23.33

F2
22
21
24
67.00
22.33

F3
20
20
24
64.00
21.33

F4
15
22
20
57.00
19.00
SUB TOTAL
83.00
83.00
92.00
258.00
21.50
GRAND TOTAL



995.50

MEAN





20.74








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

79
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
74.70
81.10
82.80
238.60
79.53
R2
75.00
74.30
89.60
238.90
79.63
R3
81.20
89.90
85.50
256.60
85.53
R4
82.90
83.10
92.40
258.40
86.13
BLOCK TOTAL
313.80 328.40 350.30

82.71
GRAND TOTAL



992.50


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
59.50
58.60
58.70
61.80
238.60
59.65
R2
57.80
59.50
58.10
63.50
238.90
59.73
R3
63.00
58.80
66.10
68.70
256.60
64.15
R4
69.90
67.30
63.80
57.40
258.40
64.60
FERT. TOTAL
250.20 244.20 246.70 251.40
62.03
GRAND TOTAL




992.50


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
39.500
19.750



Factor A
3
34.417
11.472
1.40ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
48.833
8.139



Factor B
3
1.083
0.361
0.03ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
54.417
6.046
0.59ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
243.000
10.125



Total
47
421.250




ns = Not significant





C.V. =13.83%









C.V. = 15.43%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

80
Appendix Table 18. Non-marketable pod yield 67 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
1
1
1
3.00
1.00

F2
1
1
1
3.00
1.00

F3
1
1
2
4.00
1.33

F4
1
1
1
3.00
1.00
SUB TOTAL
4.00
4.00
5.00
13.00
1.08
R2
F1
1
1
3
5.00
1.67

F2
1
1
3
5.00
1.67

F3
10
1
4
15.00
5.00

F4
4
2
1
7.00
2.33
SUB TOTAL
16.00
5.00
11.00
32.00
2.67
R3
F1
3
2
40
45.00
15.00

F2
10
2
20
32.00
10.67

F3
2
2
2
6.00
2.00

F4
1
1.5
2
4.50
1.50
SUB TOTAL
16.00
7.50
64.00
87.50
7.29
R4
F1
10
3
30
43.00
14.33

F2
3
1
4
8.00
2.67

F3
4
1
6
11.00
3.67

F4
5
3
15
23.00
7.67
SUB TOTAL
22.00
8.00
55.00
85.00
7.08
GRAND TOTAL



217.50

MEAN





4.53








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

81
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
2.50
2.80
2.40
7.70
2.57
R2
15.20
5.00
11.00
31.20
10.40
R3
16.00
7.50
64.00
87.50
29.17
R4
22.00
7.20
55.00
84.20
28.07
BLOCK TOTAL
55.70 22.50 132.40

17.55
GRAND TOTAL



210.60


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL


F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
1.50
1.10
3.50
1.60
7.70
1.93
R2
4.20
5.00
15.00
7.00
31.20
7.80
R3
45.00
32.00
6.00
4.50
87.50
21.88
R4
43.00
7.50
10.40
23.30
84.20
21.05
FERT. TOTAL
93.70
45.60
34.90
36.40
13.16
GRAND TOTAL




210.60


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
398.292
199.146



Factor A
3
356.750
118.917
1.94ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
366.875
61.146



Factor B
3
198.250
66.083
1.79ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
468.250
52.028
1.42ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
881.500
36.729



Total
47
2669.917




ns = Not significant





C.V. =38.45%









C.V. = 39.50%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

82
Appendix Table 19. Non-marketable pod yield 70 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
1
2
3
6.00
2.00

F2
5
1
2
8.00
2.67

F3
1
40
2
43.00
14.33

F4
5
6
9
20.00
6.67
SUB TOTAL
12.00
49.00
16.00
77.00
6.42
R2
F1
1
7
8
16.00
5.33

F2
2
20
2
24.00
8.00

F3
2
30
3
35.00
11.67

F4
0
20
5
25.00
8.33
SUB TOTAL
5.00
77.00
18.00
100.00
8.33
R3
F1
20
25
23
68.00
22.67

F2
60
30
10
100.00
33.33

F3
1
20
9
30.00
10.00

F4
10
50
18
78.00
26.00
SUB TOTAL
91.00
125.00
60.00
276.00
23.00
R4
F1
8
50
15
73.00
24.33

F2
1
20
10
31.00
10.33

F3
10
20
1
31.00
10.33

F4
5
40
1
46.00
15.33
SUB TOTAL
24.00
130.00
27.00
181.00
15.08
GRAND TOTAL



634.00

MEAN





13.21








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

83
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
11.10
49.00
14.80
74.90
24.97
R2
3.70
77.00
18.30
99.00
33.00
R3
91.00
125.00
59.50
275.50
91.83
R4
24.00
130.00
27.30
181.30
60.43
BLOCK TOTAL
129.80 381.00 119.90

52.56
GRAND TOTAL



630.70


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
5.30
7.50
42.30
19.80
74.90
18.73
R2
15.20
24.30
34.50
25.00
99.00
24.75
R3
68.00
100.00
29.50
78.00
275.50
68.88
R4
73.20
30.80
31.00
46.30
181.30
45.33
FERT. TOTAL
161.70 162.60 137.30 169.10

39.42
GRAND TOTAL




630.70


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES
OF
F
0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES
Block
2
2702.542
1351.271



Factor A
3
2031.417
677.139
6.89*
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
589.458
98.243



Factor B
3
44.250
14.750
0.10ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
1552.250
172.472
1.24ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
3334.000
138.917



Total
47
10253.917




* = Significant






C.V. =38.45%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 39.50%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

84
Appendix Table 20. Non-marketable pod yield 73 days after planting (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
2
3
1
6.00
2.00

F2
7
2
1
10.00
3.33

F3
5
2
2
9.00
3.00

F4
6
3
4
13.00
4.33
SUB TOTAL
20.00
10.00
8.00
38.00
3.17
R2
F1
4
0
2
6.00
2.00

F2
15
9
20
44.00
14.67

F3
8
7
16
31.00
10.33

F4
6
5
26
37.00
12.33
SUB TOTAL
33.00
21.00
64.00
118.00
9.83
R3
F1
4
40
19
63.00
21.00

F2
19
10
22
51.00
17.00

F3
2
18
18
38.00
12.67

F4
7
27
19
53.00
17.67
SUB TOTAL
32.00
95.00
78.00
205.00
17.08
R4
F1
21
9
30
60.00
20.00

F2
22
19
23
64.00
21.33

F3
26
28
40
94.00
31.33

F4
28
40
21
89.00
29.67
SUB TOTAL
97.00
96.00
114.00
307.00
25.58
GRAND TOTAL



668.00

MEAN





13.92








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

85
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN

I
II
III


R1
20.60
10.10
7.60
38.30
12.77
R2
32.90
19.70
64.00
116.60
38.87
R3
31.20
95.20
77.20
203.60
67.87
R4
96.80
95.90
113.50
306.20
102.07
BLOCK TOTAL
181.50 220.90 262.30

55.39
GRAND TOTAL



664.70


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
6.20
9.80
9.40
12.90
38.30
9.58
R2
6.10
43.70
29.80 37.00
116.60
29.15
R3
62.40
50.30
38.60 52.30
203.60
50.90
R4
59.70
63.10
94.60 88.80
306.20
76.55
FERT. TOTAL
134.40 166.9 172.4
191

41.54
GRAND TOTAL




664.70


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
MEAN
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
OF
COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
210.167
105.083



Factor A
3
3340.500
1113.500
10.45**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
639.000
106.500



Factor B
3
139.833
46.611
0.92ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
544.667
60.519
1.19ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
1217.500
50.729



Total
47
6091.667




** = Highly significant





C.V. =18.14%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 14.17%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

86
Appendix Table 21. Total pod yield (g)

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN


1
2
3


R1
F1
500
405
522
1427.00
475.67

F2
213
332
538
1083.00
361.00

F3
376
518
427
1321.00
440.33

F4
651
420
562
1633.00
544.33
SUB TOTAL
1743
1677
2052
5464.00
455.33
R2
F1
722
580
961
2263.00
754.33

F2
941.5
898
693
2532.50
844.17

F3
982
824
476
2282.00
760.67

F4
909
786
958
2653.00
884.33
SUB TOTAL
3554.5
3088
3088
9730.50
810.88
R3
F1
1047
1092
1053
3192.00
1064.00

F2
1177
1109
807
3093.00
1031.00

F3
887
717
667
2271.00
757.00

F4
876
1236.5
796
2908.50
969.50
SUB TOTAL
3987
4154.5
3323 11464.50
955.38
R4
F1
1323
1228
1245
3796.00
1265.33

F2
1342.2
637
1075
3054.20
1018.07

F3
1269
1103
1087
3459.00
1153.00

F4
1265
1091
1158
3514.00
1171.33
SUB TOTAL
5199.2
4059
4565 13823.20 1151.93
GRAND TOTAL



40482.20

MEAN





843.38








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

87
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
1743
1677
2052
5464.00
455.33
R2
3554.5
3088
3088
9730.50
810.88
R3
3987
4154.5
3323
11464.50 955.38
R4
5199.2
4059
4565
13823.20 1151.93
BLOCK TOTAL
14483.70 12978.50 13028.00

843.38
GRAND TOTAL



40482.20


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
1427.00 1083.00 1321.00 1633.00
5464.00 1366.00
R2
2263.00 2532.50 2282.00 2653.00
9730.50 2432.63
R3
3192.00 3093.00 2271.00 2908.50 11464.50 2866.13
R4
3796.00 3054.20 3459.00 3514.00 13823.20 3455.80
FERT. TOTAL
10678.00 9762.70 9333.00 10708.50

2530.14
GRAND TOTAL



40482.20


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
91334.002
45667.001



Factor A
3
3112617.9
1037529.3
27.69**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
224788.71
37464.784



Factor B
3
117060.61
39020.205
1.69ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
236665.05
26296.117
1.14ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
552160.89
23006.704



Total
47
4334627.2




** = Highly significant





C.V. =22.81%
ns = Not significant





C.V. = 17.98%



Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

88
Appendix Table 22. Bean rust infection 23 days after planting

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
2.10
1.70
1.90
5.70
1.90

F2
2.00
2.00
1.90
5.90
1.97

F3
2.10
2.00
1.80
5.90
1.97

F4
2.00
1.90
2.00
5.90
1.97
SUB TOTAL
8.20
7.60
7.60
23.40
1.95
R2
F1
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F2
2.10
2.00
2.00
6.10
2.03

F3
2.00
2.00
1.90
5.90
1.97

F4
2.00
1.50
1.70
5.20
1.73
SUB TOTAL
8.10
7.50
7.60
23.20
1.93
R3
F1
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F2
2.10
2.10
2.00
6.20
2.07

F3
2.10
2.00
2.00
6.10
2.03

F4
1.80
2.00
2.00
5.80
1.93
SUB TOTAL
8.00
8.10
8.00
24.10
2.01
R4
F1
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F2
2.00
2.10
1.90
6.00
2.00

F3
1.90
2.00
1.90
5.80
1.93

F4
2.10
2.00
1.90
6.00
2.00
SUB TOTAL
8.00
8.10
7.70
23.80
1.98
GRAND TOTAL



94.50

MEAN





1.97








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

89
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
8.20
7.60
7.60
23.40
7.80
R2
8.10
7.50
7.60
23.20
7.73
R3
8.00
8.10
8.00
24.10
8.03
R4
8.00
8.10
7.70
23.80
7.93
BLOCK TOTAL
32.30 31.30 30.90

7.88
GRAND TOTAL



94.50


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
5.70
5.90
5.90
5.90
23.40
5.85
R2
6.00
6.10
5.90
5.20
23.20
5.80
R3
6.00
6.20
6.10
5.80
24.10
6.03
R4
6.00
6.00
5.80
6.00
23.80
5.95
FERT. TOTAL
23.70 24.20 23.70 22.90
5.91
GRAND TOTAL




94.50


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.065
0.032



Factor A
3
0.041
0.014
1.16ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
0.070
0.012



Factor B
3
0.072
0.024
2.49ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
0.144
0.016
1.65ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
0.232
0.010



Total
47
0.623




ns = Not significant






C.V. =7.81%










C.V. = 4.99%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

90
Appendix Table 23. Bean rust infection 38 days after planting

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
2.00
2.00
1.90
5.90
1.97

F2
1.90
2.00
2.00
5.90
1.97

F3
2.00
2.00
1.80
5.80
1.93

F4
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00
SUB TOTAL
7.90
8.00
7.70
23.60
1.97
R2
F1
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F2
2.10
2.00
2.00
6.10
2.03

F3
1.90
2.00
1.90
5.80
1.93

F4
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00
SUB TOTAL
8.00
8.00
7.90
23.90
1.99
R3
F1
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F2
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F3
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F4
1.70
2.00
2.00
5.70
1.90
SUB TOTAL
7.70
8.00
8.00
23.70
1.98
R4
F1
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F2
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F3
2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00

F4
2.00
2.00
1.90
5.90
1.97
SUB TOTAL
8.00
8.00
7.90
23.90
1.99
GRAND TOTAL



95.10

MEAN





1.98








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

91
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
7.90
8.00
7.70
23.60

R2
8.00
8.00
7.90
23.90

R3
7.70
8.00
8.00
23.70

R4
8.00
8.00
7.90
23.90

BLOCK TOTAL
31.60 32.00 31.50


GRAND TOTAL



95.10


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
5.90
5.90
5.80
6.00
23.60

R2
6.00
6.10
5.80
6.00
23.90

R3
6.00
6.00
6.00
5.70
23.70

R4
6.00
6.00
6.00
5.90
23.90

FERT. TOTAL
23.90 24.00 23.60 23.60

GRAND TOTAL




95.10


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.009
0.004



Factor A
3
0.006
0.002
0.53ns
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
0.021
0.004



Factor B
3
0.011
0.004
0.94ns
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
0.037
0.004
1.09ns
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
0.090
0.004



Total
47
0.173




ns = Not significant






C.V. =3.19%










C.V. = 3.09%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

92
Appendix Table 24. Semi-looper infestation 45 days after planting

MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
1.30
1.40
1.00
3.70
1.23

F2
1.30
1.20
1.00
3.50
1.17

F3
1.10
1.00
1.20
3.30
1.10

F4
1.10
1.40
1.20
3.70
1.23
SUB TOTAL
4.80
5.00
4.40
14.20
1.18
R2
F1
1.40
1.00
1.60
4.00
1.33

F2
2.10
2.10
2.10
6.30
2.10

F3
1.30
1.10
1.20
3.60
1.20

F4
1.80
1.00
1.10
3.90
1.30
SUB TOTAL
6.60
5.20
6.00
17.80
1.48
R3
F1
1.50
1.70
1.30
4.50
1.50

F2
1.50
1.30
1.30
4.10
1.37

F3
1.50
1.40
1.30
4.20
1.40

F4
1.40
1.50
1.20
4.10
1.37
SUB TOTAL
5.90
5.90
5.10
16.90
1.41
R4
F1
1.30
1.30
1.20
3.80
1.27

F2
1.60
1.10
1.20
3.90
1.30

F3
1.10
1.50
1.70
4.30
1.43

F4
1.60
1.50
1.10
4.20
1.40
SUB TOTAL
5.60
5.40
5.20
16.20
1.35
GRAND
TOTAL




65.10

MEAN





1.36








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

93
Appendix Table 25. Semi-looper infestation 47 days after planting
MAIN
PLOT
SUB PLOT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN


I
II
III


R1
F1
1.10
1.00
1.00
3.10
1.03

F2
1.10
1.10
1.00
3.20
1.07

F3
1.10
1.00
1.00
3.10
1.03

F4
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
SUB TOTAL
4.30
4.10
4.00
12.40
1.03
R2
F1
1.10
1.10
1.00
3.20
1.07

F2
2.10
2.10
2.10
6.30
2.10

F3
1.20
1.10
1.10
3.40
1.13

F4
1.20
1.30
1.20
3.70
1.23
SUB TOTAL
5.60
5.60
5.40
16.60
1.38
R3
F1
1.30
1.10
1.20
3.60
1.20

F2
1.20
1.20
1.10
3.50
1.17

F3
1.10
1.20
1.20
3.50
1.17

F4
1.10
1.10
1.10
3.30
1.10
SUB TOTAL
4.70
4.60
4.60
13.90
1.16
R4
F1
1.10
1.10
1.20
3.40
1.13

F2
1.10
1.20
1.30
3.60
1.20

F3
1.00
1.00
1.10
3.10
1.03

F4
1.20
1.10
1.20
3.50
1.17
SUB TOTAL
4.40
4.40
4.80
13.60
1.13
GRAND
TOTAL




56.50

MEAN





1.18








Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

94
TWO-WAY TABLE
REPLICATION x MAIN PLOT
MAIN PLOT
BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN

I
II
III


R1
4.30
4.10
4.00
12.40
4.13
R2
5.60
5.60
5.40
16.60
5.53
R3
4.70
4.60
4.60
13.90
4.63
R4
4.40
4.40
4.80
13.60
4.53
BLOCK TOTAL
19.00 18.70 18.80

4.71
GRAND TOTAL



56.50


TWO-WAY TABLE
MAIN PLOT x SUB PLOT
MAIN PLOT
SUB PLOT
TOTAL
MEAN

F1
F2
F3
F4


R1
3.10
3.20
3.10
3.00
12.40
3.10
R2
3.20
6.30
3.40
3.70
16.60
4.15
R3
3.60
3.50
3.50
3.30
13.90
3.48
R4
3.40
3.60
3.10
3.50
13.60
3.40
FERT. TOTAL
13.30 16.60 13.10 13.50
3.53
GRAND TOTAL




56.50


ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE
DEGREES
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED 0.05 0.01
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
Block
2
0.003
0.001



Factor A
3
0.786
0.262
35.91**
4.76
9.79
Error (A)
6
0.044
0.007



Factor B
3
0.687
0.229
82.47**
3.01
4.72
AxB
9
1.479
0.164
59.14**
2.32
3.30
Error (B)
24
0.067
0.003



Total
47
3.065




** = Highly significant






C.V. =7.11%










C.V. = 4.48%


Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

95
Appendix Table 26. Analysis of fermented wild sunflower extract

Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency of Sunflower Extract Application on Some Soil
Properties and Performance of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TOMIN, GEORGETTE T. APRIL 2011

---

Document Outline

• Rates of Vermicompost and Frequency ofSunflower Extract Application on Some Soil Properties and Performance of French Beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • APPENDICES

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