BIBLIOGRAPHY TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012. Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different
plant species against strawberry crinkle virus. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet
Adviser: Julio SaclaLigat, Ph.D
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess the reaction of different plant species against
Strawberry Crinkle Virus and potential indicator plant for the virus.
In the greenhouse experiment, Gotukola (Centella asiatica), Lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia), Basil (Ocinum basilicum, Amti (Solanum nigrum), Anthurium (Anthurium
andreanum), Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum wallisi), Kalunay (Amaranthus spinosus) and
Galinsoga (Galinsoga parviflora) showed high disease incidence of Strawberry Crinkle
Virus. These plants were found to be potential indicator plants for the virus.
On the other hand, the symptoms varied from leaf yellowing to leaf crinkling.
Gotukola showed both leaf crinkling and leaf yellowing. Of all the tests plants,
Philodendron showed low disease incidence.
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Incidence of Strawberry Crinkle Virus
Results showed that, Gotukola (Centella asiatica), Basil (Ocinum basilicum)
were among the plants with highest disease incidence 7 days after the inoculation (Fig.2-
3). These two plants species had the highest disease incidence maybe because of its thin
leaf which makes it an easy entry for the virus. On the other hand Impatiens, Spathiphyllum
and Katakataka were among of the lowest maybe because of its thick leaves which makes
it hard for the virus to enter (Fig.4-6).
During the 14th day, Lavender, Amti, Anthurium, Galinsoga and Spathiphyllum
together with Gotukola, Basil, Kalunay and Lagundi were among the plants with highest
disease incidence (Fig.7-14). Amti, Lavender, Anthurium, Galinsoga and Spathiphyllum
where included among the highest maybe because of their soft succulent leaves.
Philodendron has the least disease incidence (Fig.15). Philodendron’s low disease
incidence maybe attributed to its thick leaves, though belonging to one family with
anthurium, philodendron was less susceptible compared to others.
Indicator plants react diagnostically to certain viruses. They can be used to
distinguished between these viruses, usually by observing immunity to one and
susceptibility to others. Thus, indicator plants are important in diagnosing plant virus
diseases for they provide some symptoms that indicate to where the infecting virus group
particularly belongs.
Table 1. Incidence (%) of strawberry crinkle virus on mechanically inoculated plant species
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
PLANTS COMMON
SCIENTIFIC
INITIAL
PERCENT
FINAL
PER-
NAME
NAME
NUMBER
INCI-
NUMBER
CENT
OF
DENCE
OF
LOCALLY
SYSTEMA-
INFECTED
TICALLY
PLANTS, 7
INFECTED
DAYS
PLANTS,
AFTER
14 DAYS
INOCULA-
AFTER
TION
INOCULA-
TION
P1
Gotukola
Centella
10/10
100
10/10
100
asiatica
P2
Lavender
Lavandula
9
90
10
100
angustifolia
P3
Basil
Ocinum
10
100
10
100
basilicum
P4
Lagundi
Vitex negundo
5
50
7
70
P5
Stevia
Stevia
8
80
9
90
rebaudiana
P6
Amti
Solanum
8
80
10
100
nigrum
P7
Kalunay
Amaranthus
6
60
10
100
Spinosus
P8
Tarragon
Artemesia
8
80
9
90
dracunculus
P9
Sage
Salvia
5
50
9
90
officinalis
P10
Oregano
Oreganum
5
50
9
90
vulgare
P11
Anthurium
Anthurium
8
80
10
100
andreanum
P12
Peperomia
Peperomia
4
40
8
80
caperata
P13
Impatiens
Impatiens
3
30
9
90
walleriana
P14
Spathipyillum
Spathiphyllum
3
30
10
100
wallisi
P15
Miniature
Rosa hybrids
4
40
8
80
Roses
P16
Philidendron
Philodendron
5
50
5
50
selloum
P17
African
Saintpaulia
7
70
7
70
Violets
ionantha
P18
Galinsoga
Galinsoga
5
50
10
100
parviflora
P19
Katakataka
Bryophyllum
3
30
7
70
pinnatum
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Fig. 1 Strawberry Plant Exhibiting Strawberry Crinkle Virus
Uninoculate
Leaf Crinkling
d
Fig.2 Reaction of Gotukola to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Uninoculated
Leaf Crinkling
Fig. 3 Reaction of Basil to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Before and After Inoculation, Plants with Highest Disease Severity 7 Days After
Inoculation
Uninoculated
Leaf Crinkling with yellowing
ggYellowing
Fig. 4 Reaction of Spathiphyllum to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Uninoculated
Unequal Leaf Size
Fig. 5 Reaction of Katakataka to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Uninoculated
Unequal Leaf Size
Fig. 6 Reaction of Impatiens to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days after Inoculation
Plants with Lowest Disease Incidence, 7 Days
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Leaf Crinkling
Uninoculated
Fig. 7 Reaction of Lavender to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Leaf Crinkling
Fig. 8 Reaction of Basil to Strawberry Crinklke Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Leaf Yellowing
Fig. 9 Reaction of Gotukola to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Uninoculated
Leaf Yellowing
Fig. 10 Reaction of Anthurium to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Leaf Crinkling
Fig. 11 Reaction of Spathiphyllum to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After
Inoculation
Uninoculated
Unequal Leaf Size
Fig. 12 Reaction of Amti to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Unequal Leaf Size with
Uninoculated
Yellowing onthe Midrib
Section
Fig. 13 Reaction of Kalunay to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Unequal Leaf Size
Uninoculated
Fig. 14 Reaction of Galinsoga to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
14 Days After Inoculation, Plants with Highest Disease Incidence
Uninoculated
Leaf Yellowing
Fig. 15 Reaction of Philodendron 14 Days After Inoculation
Plant with Least Disease Incidence, 14 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study aimed to assess the reaction of different plant species to Strawberry
Crinkle Virus and identify potential indicator plants.
It was found that the lowest incidence of strawberry crinkle virus was from
Philodendron with a disease incidence of 50%. The low disease incidence can be attributed
to its thick leaves.
Gotu kola, Lavender, Basil, Amti, Anthurium, Peperomia, Spathiphyllum, and
Galinsoga had the highest disease incidence of 100%. Symptoms on the test plants
appeared as leaf distortion, yellowing of the leaf, and leaf crinkling. In the Araceae family
which Galinsoga, Spathiphyllum and Anthurium belong, all test plants show the same
reaction to strawberry crinkle virus which was leaf yellowing. While Lavender and Basil
belonging to Laminaceae family had also the same reaction, which was leaf crinkling.
Gotu kola and Amti on the other hand had unequal leaf. Kalunay also had
unequal leaf size with yellowing on its midrib.The results of the study suggest that all of
the tests plants were potential indicators plant for the Strawberry Crinkle Virus because
most of them exhibited high disease incidence.
Conclusion
The different test plants showed different reaction to Strawberry Crinkle Virus.
Symptom Exhibited were similar to symptoms in infected strawberry, yellowing and
crinkling. The plants may be used as test plants to identify Strawberry Crinkle Virus.
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Recommendation
It is recommended that farmers should rogue weeds like Amti, Kalunay and
Galinsoga from the farm for they serve as alternate host of Strawberry Crinkle Virus.
Farmers should avoid planting lavender, basil, spathiphyllum, anthurium and gotu kola
near the strawberries. For these plants are high potential alternate host of SCV.
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
LITERATURE CITED
AGFISH TECH PORTAL, 2011. Anthurium. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://www.bar.gov.ph/agfishtech/crops/anthurium.asp
ANONYMOUS, 2011.Galinsoga parviflora. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galinsogaparviflora
ANONYMOUS,
2011.
Gotukola.
Retrieved
October
16,
2011
from
http://www.vitaminstuff.com/herbs-gotu-kolahtm
ANONYMOUS,2011.
Peperomia.
Retrieved
October
20,
2011
from
http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Peperomia.
ANONYMOUS,
2011.
Spathiphyllum.
Retrieved
October
17,
2011
fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathiphyllumwallisii
ANONYMOUS, 2011. Tarragon. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://www.
2000.com/herbs tarragon.htm
BAILEY,
L.H.
2011.
Lavender.
Retrieved
0ctober
16,
2011
from
http://www.gardenaction.co.uk/plant finder lavender 5.asp
BARRITT, B.H., and H.Y. LOO. 2011 Strawberry Crinkle. Retrieved October 4, 2011
Virus.Fromhttp://www.plantwise.org/?dsid=52191&loadmodule=plantwisedatash
eetandpag =4270&site+234
BEAULIEU, D.S.2011. Impatiens Flower. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://landscapping.about.com/od/flowerseed/p/impatiensplant.htm
BEHNCKEN,G.M., FRANCKI,R.I, GIBBS,A.J.1982. Galinsoga Mosaic Virus. Retrieved
October 20, 2011 from http:// www. dpvweb. net/dpv/showpv.php?dpvno=252
BUCHEN, O.C. 2006. The universal Virus .Retrieved October 4, 2011 from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/.
HARRINGTON, J.M. 2011. What is a Stevia Plant. Retrieve on October 16, 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/about 5117161 stevia -plant.html
HODGSON, L.M.2011. African Violets: Easy House Plants. Retrieved October 20, 2011
from
http://www.canadiangardening.com/plants/indoor-plants/african-violets
easy-houseplants/9/1529
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
HOLT,S.A.2011.Sage. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://www.Ehow.
com/about08915 sage-plant.html
IANNOTTI, M.R 2011. Growing Miniature Roses. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://gardening.about.com/.od/rose/al/MiniRose.htm
KAZINCZI, G.S., LUKACS,D.M.,TAKACS,A.S.,HORVATH,J.R.,GABORJANYI,
R.L., NADASY, M.C., NADASY, E.W. 2011. Biological Decline of Solanum
nigrum due to Virus Infection. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://www.ipdp-
online.com/Artikel.d11/10-Kazinczi MTAyNDcz.PDF
KLERKS, M.M. 2004. Detection and tentative grouping of strawberry crinkle virus
isolates.
Retrieved
0ctober
8,
2011
from
beacons.org/download/klerks.epip04%2945.pdf
KUEI, K.M.2010. Philippine Medicinal Plants. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://
www.Stuartxchange.org/Lubi-lubi.html
MAYO,S.J.1990.
Philodendron.
Retrieved
October
20,
2011
from
http://wikipedia.org/Philodendron
MUMFORD, R.A.,A.L. SKELTON, N. BOONHAM, K.I. POSTHUMA, M.J. KIRBY,
A.N. ADAMS 2011.The Improve Detection of Strawberry Crinkle Virus Using
Real
Time
RT-PCR
(TAQMAN).RetrievedOctober6,2011from
http://www.actahort.org/books/656/656//htm.
MOYER, C.M., N.A PERES, V.M WHITAKER, 2009. Viral Diseases of Strawberry.
Retrieved October 4, 2011 from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp273
PETERSON,
J.S.2011.
Oregano.Retrieved
October
16,
2011
from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki oregano
PHILIPPINE HERBAL MEDICINE, 2011. Lagundi. Retrieved October 16,2011 from
http://www.philippineherbalmedecine.org/lagundi.htm
POSTHUMA, K.I., ADAMS,A.N., HONG,Y,.G. Molecular Detection Of Strawberry
Crinkle
Virus2011.
Retrieved
on
October8,
2011
from
http://www.Pubhort.org/actahort/books/551/552 12.htm
SOULE,
J.I.,
2011.
Basil.
Retrieved
October
16,
2011
from
http://simple.wikipedia.org/Wiki/Basil
STUART G.M.2011. Amaranthus spinosus. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from
http://www.stuartxchange.org/Uray.html
STUART, G.M.2011.Katakataka.Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http: //www.
stuartxchange.org/katakatakahtml
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012. Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different
plant species against strawberry crinkle virus. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet
Adviser: Julio SaclaLigat, Ph.D
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess the reaction of different plant species against
Strawberry Crinkle Virus and potential indicator plant for the virus.
In the greenhouse experiment, Gotukola (Centella asiatica), Lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia), Basil (Ocinum basilicum, Amti (Solanum nigrum), Anthurium (Anthurium
andreanum), Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum wallisi), Kalunay (Amaranthus spinosus) and
Galinsoga (Galinsoga parviflora) showed high disease incidence of Strawberry Crinkle
Virus. These plants were found to be potential indicator plants for the virus.
On the other hand, the symptoms varied from leaf yellowing to leaf crinkling.
Gotukola showed both leaf crinkling and leaf yellowing. Of all the tests plants,
Philodendron showed low disease incidence.
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Incidence of Strawberry Crinkle Virus
Results showed that, Gotukola (Centella asiatica), Basil (Ocinum basilicum)
were among the plants with highest disease incidence 7 days after the inoculation (Fig.2-
3). These two plants species had the highest disease incidence maybe because of its thin
leaf which makes it an easy entry for the virus. On the other hand Impatiens, Spathiphyllum
and Katakataka were among of the lowest maybe because of its thick leaves which makes
it hard for the virus to enter (Fig.4-6).
During the 14th day, Lavender, Amti, Anthurium, Galinsoga and Spathiphyllum
together with Gotukola, Basil, Kalunay and Lagundi were among the plants with highest
disease incidence (Fig.7-14). Amti, Lavender, Anthurium, Galinsoga and Spathiphyllum
where included among the highest maybe because of their soft succulent leaves.
Philodendron has the least disease incidence (Fig.15). Philodendron’s low disease
incidence maybe attributed to its thick leaves, though belonging to one family with
anthurium, philodendron was less susceptible compared to others.
Indicator plants react diagnostically to certain viruses. They can be used to
distinguished between these viruses, usually by observing immunity to one and
susceptibility to others. Thus, indicator plants are important in diagnosing plant virus
diseases for they provide some symptoms that indicate to where the infecting virus group
particularly belongs.
Table 1. Incidence (%) of strawberry crinkle virus on mechanically inoculated plant species
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
PLANTS COMMON
SCIENTIFIC
INITIAL
PERCENT
FINAL
PER-
NAME
NAME
NUMBER
INCI-
NUMBER
CENT
OF
DENCE
OF
LOCALLY
SYSTEMA-
INFECTED
TICALLY
PLANTS, 7
INFECTED
DAYS
PLANTS,
AFTER
14 DAYS
INOCULA-
AFTER
TION
INOCULA-
TION
P1
Gotukola
Centella
10/10
100
10/10
100
asiatica
P2
Lavender
Lavandula
9
90
10
100
angustifolia
P3
Basil
Ocinum
10
100
10
100
basilicum
P4
Lagundi
Vitex negundo
5
50
7
70
P5
Stevia
Stevia
8
80
9
90
rebaudiana
P6
Amti
Solanum
8
80
10
100
nigrum
P7
Kalunay
Amaranthus
6
60
10
100
Spinosus
P8
Tarragon
Artemesia
8
80
9
90
dracunculus
P9
Sage
Salvia
5
50
9
90
officinalis
P10
Oregano
Oreganum
5
50
9
90
vulgare
P11
Anthurium
Anthurium
8
80
10
100
andreanum
P12
Peperomia
Peperomia
4
40
8
80
caperata
P13
Impatiens
Impatiens
3
30
9
90
walleriana
P14
Spathipyillum
Spathiphyllum
3
30
10
100
wallisi
P15
Miniature
Rosa hybrids
4
40
8
80
Roses
P16
Philidendron
Philodendron
5
50
5
50
selloum
P17
African
Saintpaulia
7
70
7
70
Violets
ionantha
P18
Galinsoga
Galinsoga
5
50
10
100
parviflora
P19
Katakataka
Bryophyllum
3
30
7
70
pinnatum
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Fig. 1 Strawberry Plant Exhibiting Strawberry Crinkle Virus
Uninoculate
Leaf Crinkling
d
Fig.2 Reaction of Gotukola to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Uninoculated
Leaf Crinkling
Fig. 3 Reaction of Basil to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Before and After Inoculation, Plants with Highest Disease Severity 7 Days After
Inoculation
Uninoculated
Leaf Crinkling with yellowing
ggYellowing
Fig. 4 Reaction of Spathiphyllum to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Uninoculated
Unequal Leaf Size
Fig. 5 Reaction of Katakataka to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days After Inoculation
Uninoculated
Unequal Leaf Size
Fig. 6 Reaction of Impatiens to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 7 Days after Inoculation
Plants with Lowest Disease Incidence, 7 Days
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Leaf Crinkling
Uninoculated
Fig. 7 Reaction of Lavender to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Leaf Crinkling
Fig. 8 Reaction of Basil to Strawberry Crinklke Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Leaf Yellowing
Fig. 9 Reaction of Gotukola to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Uninoculated
Leaf Yellowing
Fig. 10 Reaction of Anthurium to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Leaf Crinkling
Fig. 11 Reaction of Spathiphyllum to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After
Inoculation
Uninoculated
Unequal Leaf Size
Fig. 12 Reaction of Amti to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Unequal Leaf Size with
Uninoculated
Yellowing onthe Midrib
Section
Fig. 13 Reaction of Kalunay to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
Unequal Leaf Size
Uninoculated
Fig. 14 Reaction of Galinsoga to Strawberry Crinkle Virus 14 Days After Inoculation
14 Days After Inoculation, Plants with Highest Disease Incidence
Uninoculated
Leaf Yellowing
Fig. 15 Reaction of Philodendron 14 Days After Inoculation
Plant with Least Disease Incidence, 14 Days After Inoculation
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study aimed to assess the reaction of different plant species to Strawberry
Crinkle Virus and identify potential indicator plants.
It was found that the lowest incidence of strawberry crinkle virus was from
Philodendron with a disease incidence of 50%. The low disease incidence can be attributed
to its thick leaves.
Gotu kola, Lavender, Basil, Amti, Anthurium, Peperomia, Spathiphyllum, and
Galinsoga had the highest disease incidence of 100%. Symptoms on the test plants
appeared as leaf distortion, yellowing of the leaf, and leaf crinkling. In the Araceae family
which Galinsoga, Spathiphyllum and Anthurium belong, all test plants show the same
reaction to strawberry crinkle virus which was leaf yellowing. While Lavender and Basil
belonging to Laminaceae family had also the same reaction, which was leaf crinkling.
Gotu kola and Amti on the other hand had unequal leaf. Kalunay also had
unequal leaf size with yellowing on its midrib.The results of the study suggest that all of
the tests plants were potential indicators plant for the Strawberry Crinkle Virus because
most of them exhibited high disease incidence.
Conclusion
The different test plants showed different reaction to Strawberry Crinkle Virus.
Symptom Exhibited were similar to symptoms in infected strawberry, yellowing and
crinkling. The plants may be used as test plants to identify Strawberry Crinkle Virus.
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
Recommendation
It is recommended that farmers should rogue weeds like Amti, Kalunay and
Galinsoga from the farm for they serve as alternate host of Strawberry Crinkle Virus.
Farmers should avoid planting lavender, basil, spathiphyllum, anthurium and gotu kola
near the strawberries. For these plants are high potential alternate host of SCV.
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
LITERATURE CITED
AGFISH TECH PORTAL, 2011. Anthurium. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://www.bar.gov.ph/agfishtech/crops/anthurium.asp
ANONYMOUS, 2011.Galinsoga parviflora. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galinsogaparviflora
ANONYMOUS,
2011.
Gotukola.
Retrieved
October
16,
2011
from
http://www.vitaminstuff.com/herbs-gotu-kolahtm
ANONYMOUS,2011.
Peperomia.
Retrieved
October
20,
2011
from
http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Peperomia.
ANONYMOUS,
2011.
Spathiphyllum.
Retrieved
October
17,
2011
fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathiphyllumwallisii
ANONYMOUS, 2011. Tarragon. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://www.
2000.com/herbs tarragon.htm
BAILEY,
L.H.
2011.
Lavender.
Retrieved
0ctober
16,
2011
from
http://www.gardenaction.co.uk/plant finder lavender 5.asp
BARRITT, B.H., and H.Y. LOO. 2011 Strawberry Crinkle. Retrieved October 4, 2011
Virus.Fromhttp://www.plantwise.org/?dsid=52191&loadmodule=plantwisedatash
eetandpag =4270&site+234
BEAULIEU, D.S.2011. Impatiens Flower. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://landscapping.about.com/od/flowerseed/p/impatiensplant.htm
BEHNCKEN,G.M., FRANCKI,R.I, GIBBS,A.J.1982. Galinsoga Mosaic Virus. Retrieved
October 20, 2011 from http:// www. dpvweb. net/dpv/showpv.php?dpvno=252
BUCHEN, O.C. 2006. The universal Virus .Retrieved October 4, 2011 from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/.
HARRINGTON, J.M. 2011. What is a Stevia Plant. Retrieve on October 16, 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/about 5117161 stevia -plant.html
HODGSON, L.M.2011. African Violets: Easy House Plants. Retrieved October 20, 2011
from
http://www.canadiangardening.com/plants/indoor-plants/african-violets
easy-houseplants/9/1529
Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012
HOLT,S.A.2011.Sage. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://www.Ehow.
com/about08915 sage-plant.html
IANNOTTI, M.R 2011. Growing Miniature Roses. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://gardening.about.com/.od/rose/al/MiniRose.htm
KAZINCZI, G.S., LUKACS,D.M.,TAKACS,A.S.,HORVATH,J.R.,GABORJANYI,
R.L., NADASY, M.C., NADASY, E.W. 2011. Biological Decline of Solanum
nigrum due to Virus Infection. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://www.ipdp-
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Preliminary Study on the Reaction of different plant species against strawberry crinkle virus|
TOCLO, LOUIE T. APRIL 2012