Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TASI, AUREA I. MARCH 2006. Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity
Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua Agri-Silviculture System of
Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Christopher P. Deponio, BSc
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted mainly to analyze the cost and initial productivity of
establishing a sorjan-type aqua-agrisilviculture system of agroforestry.
Results shows that in the yield per commodity green onions had the highest yield
of 42.195 kg, followed by the sweet potato which was 12.675 kg, while the lowest yield
was obtained from fish component with9.002 kg. Meanwhile the monthly mean growth
of fish increased greatly between January and February. Among the perennials, calliandra
had lesser increase in height compared to flemingia.
The total cost incurred in establishing the aqua-agrisilvicultural system was
P6,937.08. However, a return on investment of 35.94% was computed based on the
amortized cost. The payback period is 1.32 years.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography .......................................................................................................
i
Abstract ................................................................................................................. i
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................
ii
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................................................
4
MATERIALS AND METHOD .............................................................................
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................
14
Cost of Establishment of the System ...........................................................
14
Mortality ......................................................................................................
14
Monthly Growth of Tipalpia .......................................................................
15
Yield of Tilapia per Pond .............................................................................
18
Yield of Green Onions .............................................................................
18
Monthly Growth of Flemingia and Calliandra ........................................
19
Total yield per unit area ............................................................................ 20
Return on Investment ................................................................................... 21
Payback Period ………………………………………………………....... 21
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION …………………... 23
LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………. 25
ii
INTRODUCTION
Agroforestry is defined as "all practices that involve a close association of trees
with crops, animals, and/or pasture. This association is both ecological and economic. It
may involve a combination of practices in the same place at the same time (intercropping
and related practices), or practices in the same place but at different times (rotational
practices). The place may be as small as a single garden or cropland plot or as extensive
as a small watershed or a vast of communal grazing land" (Rocheleau et. al. 1988). It can
also provide small landowners under the land reform programs of our government
opportunities to maximize the efficient utilization of their limited resources to produce
more food and contribute to the attainment of self-sufficiency.
Aqua-agrisilviculture is a system of Agroforestry that involves the combination of
agricultural crops, woody perennials, and aquaculture in the same land management unit.
All the components in the system are interrelated in varying degrees. For example, in this
particular system, the tilapia (aquatic component) will be included to optimize the use of
the area because of its swampy condition. Non-marketable vegetables/crops and the tree
clippings will serve as sources of feed for the tilapia and as green manure for the farm.
Trees planted along the perimeter shall serve as shelterbelt or windbreak to protect the
other components and the litterfall will be used as mulch. All of the components produce
a product or products that can be sold for income or can be utilized in the farm.
With the continuous increase in the population of the Philippines, the government
is facing the problem of supplying the food needs of its people. As population increases
and land grown food supplies are unable to feed the growing numbers of mouths, man is
turning more and more to water for his food. On land, man is slowly learning to conserve
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
2
the soil lest it stops producing crops. If the bounty of the waters is not exhausted, men
must learn to farm it as he farms the land, by sowing as well as reaping (Cruz, 1976).
Much effort is being spent to increase food production in the Philippines. It seems
advisable that the potential thousands of hectares of land available for Agroforestry can
be farmed by adapting different systems such as aqua-agrisilviculture. If these areas are
devoted for integrated livestock, poultry, field crops, trees and even fish, then
malnutrition can probably be minimized, especially in the rural areas where scarcity of
protein-rich food is a problem.
In establishing Agroforestry, it is important to estimate the costs involved for
farmers to know how much capital is needed in establishing the system and whether the
system is adapted to the locality or not. Another is to know if the project will gain or not
and to evaluate a project in terms of all relevant costs and benefits associated with such
project. If the project benefits are greater than the project costs; then the project is
economically feasible or profitable.
In general, the study aimed to determine the initial cost of establishing and the
partial initial productivity of the newly established aqua-agrisilvicultural system of
Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet.
Specifically, the study was conducted to: 1) determine the cost of establishing a
198 square-meter sorjan-type aqua agrisilvicultural agroforestry system; 2) compute the
cost of inputs involved, and; 3) obtain the partial productivity of the system using
economic tools.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
3
The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of
Agroforestry located at the main campus of Benguet State University, La Trinidad, and
Benguet from October 2005 to February 2006.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Agoforestry is the unique combination of trees and crops and livestock in the
agricultural landscape. An old practice observed for thousands of years around the world,
Agroforestry is making a comeback in modern farming system (Zhu, 1991). In addition
Agroforestry is viewed as the most promising land use for cultivated lands. The
components can be arranged in a wide variety of temporal and spatial arrangements. The
woody perennials primarily provide site protection and the agricultural crops and
livestock principally provide economic benefits (Del Castillo 1994).
Agroforestry has different classifications, like the agrisulvicultural system that
involves the combination of agronomic crops, and forest trees (Vergara and Briones,
1987), aqua-silvicultural system, which involves the combination of fisheries and trees in
the same area, and the aqua-agrisilvicultural system, which involves the concurrent
production of agricultural crops, trees, and fish in the same land management unit.
According to Rocheleau et. al. (1998), Agroforestry practices contribute a wide
range of benefits and services to the rural community. In addition, Agroforestry is often
designed to protect and improve the quality of natural resources including soil, water,
vegetation and wildlife and as substitute to the destructive use of special environments
such as ravine forests, hill slopes and fragile range lands.
Noble (1997) and Stoney and Bratamiharja (1990), stated that Agroforestry
systems promote the spread of biodiversity as monoculture cultivation plots are replaced
with a multi-species arrangement, which, as stated by PCARRD (1991), also reduces the
risk of devastating pest attacks. In Addition, these diverse populations influence each
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
5
other through feeding interrelationships, thereby providing a mechanism for check and
balance of each population.
The immediate benefits from Agroforestry, by virtue of its protective and
ameliorative roles, are envisioned to give further long-term benefits. For a subsistence
farmer, Agroforestry is designed to increase and sustain crop productivity in his land and
improve his socio-economic standing, nutrition, and health of his family. As a whole,
however, Agroforestry practices should lead to stabilized land use policy for the upland
and, subsequently, to improved environmental conservation (Vergara and Briones, 1987).
Wang and Feng (1994), added that the environment and economic benefits of
Agroforestry are diverse, vast and numerous. A study on the North China plain revealed
that Agroforestry exhibits an advantage over monocropping in its natural ability to
sequester carbon from the atmosphere at a yearly rate of about 1.23 x 106 tons of carbon.
The advantages of integrated system is that it promotes full utilization of the
natural resources, full development of available resources to increase food production and
recycling of wastes, which maintains a balanced ecosystem and improves the socio-
economic conditions of a fish farm by increasing income and employment opportunities
(DA-CAR, 1999).
According to PCARRD (1976), systems of multiple cropping/integrated farming
are potentially very effective techniques for increasing food production and income
especially as supplement to rice and other major crops in the Philippines. Also the
average size of farm per farmer in the country is generally very small, thus the systems
are needed for attainment of increased food production and income. Furthermore, a
farming system should take into consideration all farming attributes and weigh these
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
6
according to the best means they can be utilized. They may advocate the raising of two or
more different crops, livestock or even fish in a given area at the same time or in
sequence in a year. In other words, they have flexibility in producing livestock and crops
through interaction.
Combining the principles of forestry with agriculture, Agroforestry plays an
integral and vital role for more than one billion subsistence farmers who tend lands of a
size of less than 1.2 hectares by increasing the profitability of their small tracts of land
(Anonymous, 2001).
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
MATERIALS AND METHOD
The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of
Agroforestry located at the main campus of the Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet from October 2005 to February 2006.
The inputs needed in establishing the Aqua-Agrisilvicultural Agroforestry system
are the labor and materials, consisting mainly of sacks for making dikes, farm supplies,
planting materials, and tilapia stocks. The planting materials include the green onion
(Allium cepa L.), seedlings of flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) and calliandra
(Calliandra calothyrsus Meiisner), and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L) cuttings. The
tilapia stock consists of #17 fingerlings of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) that
were acquired from the La Trinidad Fish Farm at Balili, La Trinidad. Shovels and other
digging implements and the water pump used to drain the ponds under construction were
borrowed from the Agroforestry department while the fuel needed to operate the pump
during the pond construction and harvesting of tilapia was procured by the researcher.
Procedures of Establishment
An area having 198 square meters with existing Alnus trees in the western portion
of the Agroforestry laboratory farm (illustrated in Figure 1) was thoroughly prepared
through the following activities:
A. Fishpond construction and fish component
In constructing the three fishponds, measuring 3m x 7 m each and 3 meters apart,
dikes were constructed 0.75 m high from the original ground level. Each pond was dug
0.75 m and the earth dug from the pond was used to elevate the spaces in between to a
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
8
height of 0.75m, so that each pond had a total depth of 1.5 m. Since the area is low-lying
and swampy, a water pump was used in draining the pond under construction. The earth
removed was put in sacks and piled along the dikes for stabilization (Plate 1). Before
releasing the fingerlings, the water pH was taken first and raised to 6.5. Fingerlings of
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were released with a stocking rate of five fish per
square meter. Supplemental feeding with commercial feeds was given at the rate of five
percent biomass.
B. Planting of Tree component
Seedlings of Flemingia macrophylla and Calliandra calothyrsus Meiisner were
planted along the outer edges of the dikes as perimeter plants in the system to augment
the already existing Alnus sp. trees. This component will protect crops from strong
sunlight and wind and minimize soil erosion and run-off once it becomes well
established.
C. Planting of Herbaceous component
Green onions (Allium cepa L.) were planted after thoroughly preparing the
elevated area in between the ponds. Chicken dung was applied as fertilizer and planting
was done a week after. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cuttings were planted along
the edges of the dikes to serve as soil cover and help stabilize the top of the dikes (Plate
2).
These two herbaceous components serve mainly as cash crops, source of
food/fodder, and as groundcover to protect the soil from rainfall. The trimmings and
residues serve as mulch and become fertilizers for the tree component upon
decomposition.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
9
Irrigational/drainage canal
FLEMINGIA + CALLIANDRA +SWEET POTATO
S
S
S
S
S
S
W
W
W
W
W
T
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
I
E
E
E
T
T
T
L
T
T
T
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
O
O
O
O
O
I
O
T
T
T
T
T
A
T
A
A
A
A
A
A
T
T
T
T
T
T
O
O
O
O
O
O
FLEMINGIA + CALLIANDRA +SWEET POTATO
Existing Alnus trees
TOP VIEW
TREES
VEGETABLE
VEGETABLE
TREES
E ET P O TA TO
S
W
E
E
T
P
OT AT TILAPIA
TILAPIA
TILAPIA
O
S W
SIDE VIEW
Figure 1. Farm Layout
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
10
Plate 1. The newly established system showing the dikes stabilized by sacks
Plate 2. Sweet potato and onion components (left) planted along the outer edges of
the dike and onion planted on the dikes in between ponds (right)
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
11
Data gathered
1. Cost of establishing the system (P). All the expenses incurred during the farm
establishment were listed for the whole area. Later the total cost was taken by summing
up the expenses used for labor and materials per commodity in establishing the system.
2. Growth and Yield Parameters
a. Tilapia. The growth of tilapia was taken through measurements made
from 16 sample fishes every 30 days interval from the second month by weighing with a
scale and measuring the body length and depth with by a ruler. The yield was measured
by weighing all the fish harvested.
b. Green Onions. The yield of onions was determined by weighing the
harvest.
c. Flemingia and Calliandra. Only the growth of Flemingia and
Calliandra were measured by taking the monthly height. The yields were not taken
because these are perennials and will produce woody stems that can be utilized as trellis
or firewood after a year or so. Instead, the trees were assigned an estimated value at the
termination of the study.
d. Sweet potato (vines and leaves). The yield of the sweet potato vines and
leaves was measured by weighing them after harvest.
3. Total yield. This was determined by getting the total harvestable yield of the
study area. For the perennials, an estimated value was assigned to the standing crops
based on their growth. Plate 3 shows the harvested onion and harvesting and measuring
of tilapia.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
12
4. Return on Investment. This was computed after 4 months when some
components were harvested by using the formula:
ROI = Gross Sales - Expenses x 100
Expenses
6. Payback period. This refers to the number of years it takes to recover all the
capital investment and was computed by using the formula:
Payback period =
Cost of investment
Net income
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
13
a
b
c
Plate 3. Harvesting of onion (a) and tilapia (b) and measuring of tilapia (c)
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Cost of establishment (P).
The total cost of establishing the system broken down into components is shown
in Table 1. The fishpond construction incurred the highest cost of P4,145.58 since it
required several materials and was quite laborious, followed by the fish component which
had a total cost of P 1.331.50, consisting mainly of cost of feed. The lowest cost was
incurred in sweet potato (P 400.00) due to little maintenance and input required. The
table also shows that labor contributed more (P 3,875.00) to the total cost of establishing
the system.
Table 1. Cost of establishing the system (P).
COMMODITY/ACTIVITY
LABOR (P)
MATERIALS (P) TOTAL COSTS
Fish Pond Construction
2, 925.00
1, 220.58
4,145.58
Fingerlings and feeds
300.00
1,031.50
1,331.50
Onions
300.00
220.00
460.00
Sweet Potato
200.00
200.00
400.00
Flemengia/Calliandra
150.00
390.00
540.00
TOTAL
3,875.00
3,062.08
6,937.08
Growth and Yield Parameters
2. Percent mortality of tilapia
Table 2 presents the mortality of fish per pond. Out of the 105 fingerlings of
tilapia released in each pond, the highest mortality was taken from pond 3 with 54%,
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
15
followed by the pond 2 with 39%. Pond 1 had the lowest mortality of 29%. The relatively
high mortality rates were probably and mainly caused by the low pond water temperature
during the study, which coincided with the coolest season of the year, and the presence of
competitors, such as ‘mosquito or million’ fish, toads and tadpoles.
Table 2. Mortality rate (%)
POND TOTAL NUMBER OF TILAPIA MORTALITY
TILAPIA RELEASED GATHERED (%)
1 105 75 29
2 105 64 39
3 105 48 54
TOTAL 315 187 122
3. Monthly growth of tilapia
Table 3 shows the monthly measurements of 16 sample fishes per pond. The
growth of individual fish per pond was taken in terms of body weight (grams), length
(cm), and depth (cm) from December to February. It was found out that the growth of
fish was fastest in the February with the biggest increase in body weight, length and
depth. At the end of the study, which was four months after stocking, Pond 1 produced
the heaviest (53.375g) and biggest fishes with mean body length of 13.725 cm and body
depth of 4.631 cm.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
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Table 3. Mean monthly measurements of fish per pond (grams)
PARAMETERS
POND
MONTH
WEIGHT
BODY LENGTH BODY DEPTH
(grams)
(cm)
(cm)
DECEMBER
10.250
6.831
2.231
1
JANUARY
10.813
7.706
2.643
FEBRUARY
53.375
13.725
4.631
DECEMBER 10.625
7.206
2.362
2
JANUARY
18.375
9.362
3.031
FEBRUARY
42.813
12.988
4.038
DECEMBER
9.438
7.381
24.625
3
JANUARY
12.375
85.563
28.313
FEBRUARY
47.750
129.938
45.438
Figure 2 shows the mean monthly growth increment of tilapia in terms of weight
(a), body length (b) and depth (c). The rapid increase in size may be attributed to the
increased feed intake of the fish and the higher pond water temperature during the later
part of the study.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
17
(a) Increase in body weight (gram)
Dec-Jan Jan-Feb
50
42.563
40
35.375
30
24.438
20
7.75
10
2.937
0.563
0
Pond 1
Pond 2
Pond 3
(b) Increase in body length (cm)
Dec-Jan Jan-Feb
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Pond 1
Pond 2
Pond 3
(c) Increase in body depth (cm)
Dec-Jan Jan-Feb
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Pond 1
Pond 2
Pond 3
Figure 2. Increase in growth of tilapia per pond.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
18
4. Yield of tilapia per pond (kg)
Table 4 shows the yield of fish per pond that was gathered. The high mortality
rate resulted to low from each pond. Pond 1 had the highest total yield was with 3.5 kg
followed by 2.762 kg from pond 3 while the lowest yield was obtained from pond 2 with
2.74 kg.
Table 4. Yield of Tilapia per pond (kg)
POND
NO. OF FISH HARVESTED
YIELD (Kg)
1
75
3.500
2
64
2.740
3
57
2.762
TOTAL
148
9.002
5.Yield of green onions (kg)
The table 5 presents the yield of onions and the number of days to harvest, which
is 117 days after planting. There were very little differences in the yield per area
surrounding the ponds because of the uniform soil characteristics and management
system.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
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Table 5. Yield of green onions (kg)
BLOCKS
NUMBER OF DAYS TO
YIELD (Kg)
HARVEST
1
117
10.490
2
117
10.940
3
117
10.680
Total
32.110
6. Monthly growth of Flemingia and Calliandra (cm).
Table 6 presents the initial and final height of Flemingia and Calliandra; the
Flemingia had the highest increment while the calliandra had the lowest increment (Fig.
3) from the initial to final height for it takes month for the recovery of the roots that were
damage during the transplanting of the seedling.
Table 6. Monthly Height of Flemengia and Calliandra (cm)
INITIAL FINAL INCREASE IN
COMMODITY HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT
FLEMENGIA 5.2 7.32 2.10
CALLIANDRA 19.2 19.81 0.81
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
20
2.5
2
1.5
Flemingia
1
Calliandra
0.5
0
Height Increment (cm)
Figure 3. Height Increment of Flemingia and Calliandra (cm)
7. Total yield per unit area.
The total yield per unit area shown in Table 7, the onions has the highest total
yield from Block 2 with 19.875 kg followed by Block 3-19.162 kg then the total yield
from the Block 1 with 14.750 kg.
Table 7. Total yield per unit area (kg)
BLOCK
FISH (Kg) ONIONS (Kg) SWEET POTATO
TOTAL
(LEAVES AND
VINES (Kg)
I
3.5
10.490
0.760
14.750
II
2.74
10.940
6.195
19.875
III
2.762
10.680
5.720
19.162
Total
9.002
32.110
12.675
53.787
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
21
Economic Parameters
8. Return on Investment.
Table 8 presents the Return on Investment of the experiment based on the
amortized cost. An ROI of 35.94% shows that establishing a sorjan-type aqua
agrisilvicultural system can produce income. Once the maturity and productivity of the
other components (trees and sweet potato) is reached, the net returns will be increased.
9. Payback Period.
From the study, the amortized cost of investment per year is P3,425.11 while the
expected returns after 4 months is P 3,368.37. The computed net returns for 1 year (12
months) is P 2,581.86. Therefore, the computed payback period is 1.32 years.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
22
Table 8. Return on Investment
PARAMETERS
A. Sales, Php
Tilapia
630.14
Green Onions
577.98
Sweet potato
380.25
B. Value of Standing Crops
1,810.00
TOTAL RETURNS
3,368.37
C. Inputs
Fish pond construction (amortized)
315.79
- Fingerlings
236.25
- Feeds
771.50
Green Onions (labor)
300.00
- Planting material
120.00
- Chicken dung (1/2 sack)
40.00
Sweet potato (labor)
200.00
- Cutting
120.00
Flemingia/ Calliandra (labor)
150.00
- Flemingia seedling
175.00
- Calliandra
165.00
- Rabbit Manure
50.00
-
TOTAL INPUTS, PhP
2,477.75
NET RETURNS, PhP
890.62
RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)
35.94
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Summary
The study was conducted from October 2005 to February 2006. It revealed that
establishing an aqua agri-silviculture system by integrating sweet potato, green onions;
Flemingia and Calliandra with Tilapia in a sorjan type system incurred a total cost of P6,
937.08.
For the yield per commodity, the result shows that the onions had the highest
yield of 42.195 kg, followed by the sweet potato which was 12.675 kg, while the lowest
yield was obtained from fish with 9.002 kg. Meanwhile the monthly mean growth of fish
increased greatly between January and February with the highest mean growth obtained
from the pond 1. The lowest mean growth is taken from the pond 2. Among the
perennials, Calliandra had lesser increase in height compared to Flemingia.
On the economic parameters, a Return on Investment of 35.94% was computed
based on the amortized cost. The payback period is 1.32 years.
Conclusion
The study found out that the Tilapia component is not very productive in the area
since the monthly growth is quite slow and because of the presence of other species such
as tadpoles and mosquito fish, which compete against the tilapia in eating the feeds.
Moreover, slow growth of tilapia was attributed to low water temperature in the study
area.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
24
Recommendation
From the results of the study, it is recommended that stocking of tilapia should be
done during summer where the temperature is conducive to their growth and bigger size
of fingerlings should be used for them to cope up with the growth of other agroforestry
components.
Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
LITERATURE CITED
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Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua
Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet / Aurea I. Tasi. 2009
Document Outline
- Evaluation of Cost and Partial Productivity Analysis of a Newly Established Sorjan-Type Aqua Agri-Silviculture System of Agroforestry in La Trinidad, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHOD
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Cost of establishment
- Percent mortality of tilapia
- Monthly growth of tilapia
- Yield of tilapia per pond
- Yield of green onions
- Monthly growth of Flemingia and Calliandra
- Total yield per unit area.
- Return on Investment.
- Payback Period.
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
- LITERATURE CITED