BIBLIOGRAPHY
DOCO, JOYCE D. APRIL 2009. Morphological Characterization and Evaluation
of AVRDC Soybean Accessions Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, PhD.
ABSTRACT

The study aimed to morphologically characterize the different AVRDC soybean
accessions; evaluate the different soybean accessions based on growth, pod yield and
resistance to pests and diseases and determine the soybean accession/s adapted under La
Trinidad, Benguet condition.

The ten AVRDC soybean accessions varied in their maturity, height at 30, 50 and
60 DAP, number of branches, number of nodes, weight of marketable fresh pods and
total fresh pod yield. AGS 439 and 437 were the highest fresh pod yielders among the
AVRDC accessions. The local check, however, produced the highest fresh pod yield out-
yielding the ten AVRDC accessions. The different accessions have moderate to mild
resistance to pod borer, cutworm and leaf roller but highly resistant to leaf blight.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Botanical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3

Importance of Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3

Adaptation of Soybean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4

Genetic Resources of Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5

Varietal Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6

Characterization and Evaluation Done in
Other Legumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6

Lima Bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7

Rice Bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Meteological Data During the Conduct of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19

Days from Sowing to Emergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19

Days from Emergence to Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20

Days from Emergence to Pod Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20

Days from Emergence to Seed-filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
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Days from Emergence to First Harvest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Growth Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Plant Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Height at 30, 50 and 60 DAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Branching and Stem Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Number of Nodes/Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Number of Branches Per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Diameter of Stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Leaf Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Leaf Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Leaf Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Leaf Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Leaf Anthocyanin Pigment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Leaf Persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Leaf Color Intensity of Green Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Leaf Hairiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Flower Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Flower Bud Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Color of Flower Keel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Color of Flower Standard and Wing Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Flower Buds/Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Pod Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
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Pod Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Pod Pubescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Pod Dehiscence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Pod Beak Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Pod Number Per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Number of One-Two-and Three-Seeded Pods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Length of One-Two-and Three-Seeded Pods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Pod Width of One-Two-and Three-Seeded Pods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Pod Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30

Weight of Marketable Fresh Pod/Plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30

Weight of Non-Marketable Fresh Pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30

Total Pod Yield/Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30

Computed Fresh Pod Yield (t/ha) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30

Reaction to Pests and Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31

Reaction to Pod Borer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31

Reaction to Cutworm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31

Reaction to Leaf Roller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32

Reaction to Leaf Blight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32

Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32

Sensory Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33







iv

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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36

APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38


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INTRODUCTION


Soybean
(Glycine max [L.] Merril) belongs to the family Fabaceae. An annual
bushy leguminous crop, is often called the miracle bean after it has been described as the
wonder crop of the 20th century. This pod bearing legume contains about 40–45 %
protein, 28 % carbohydrates, 20 % fats, essential vitamins and nutrients (PCARRD,
1986).

Soybean is a wet and only a short dry season crop that require 10 °C–40 °C and
can be grown in deep well drained, fertile clay loam, a sandy loam soil with high
calcium content. Soil pH of 5.8 – 6.5 is suitable for the growth of both soybean and
nitrogen fixing bacteria (Martin, 1976).

Green soybeans are those picked when they are fully grown but before being
completely matured. These are generally left in their pods with bright green color
(Shanmugasundaran, 1991).

Green soybeans are harvested at green bean stage and the pods are sold fresh or
frozen. The pods are boiled for a few minutes and shelled by hand at the table and
consumed as a snack. Vegetable soybeans are sweeter and less bean tasting than grain
soybeans. A shorter growing season is required than the conventional dry beans or
soybeans as an oil seed crop (Shanmugasundaran, 1991).

Aside from food, soybean is an ideal component of sustainable agricultural
system. It is adapted and productive across environments as shown in past researchers.
The expansion of soybean across the world has been characterized as one of the striking
development of recent decades (PCARRD, 1986).
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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At present, farmers in Benguet are practicing monocropping. Because of this
practice it is advisable to introduce other crops with economic potential. The
introduction and characterization of a new crop is also important in attaining
sustainability and increasing food sufficiency and stability. Thus there, is need to
evaluate and characterize other potential crops in the locality to serve as an alternative
crop or option for farmers to plant.
Soybean, being a potential crop can be introduced in the highlands. Before
commercializing the crop, characterization and evaluation to determine its adaptability
should be done.
The study was conducted to:
1. morphologically characterize the different soybean accessions;
2. evaluate the different soybean accessions based on growth, pod yield and
resistance to pests and diseases; and
3. determine the soybean accession/s adapted under La Trinidad, Benguet
condition.
The study was conducted at the BSU Experimental Station at Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet from October 2008 to February 2009.






Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Botanical Description

Soybean is a warm season and herbaceous annual crop. Plants are more or less
erect, with branches coming from a main stem. Soybeans have palmately compound
leaves and three leaflets. The leaflets are usually oval, but they can be elongated or lance
shape in some cultivars. The stem leaves, and pods of the plants of most cultivars are
covered with a fine pubescence (Chapman, 1976).

Soybean roots may penetrate 5-6 feet (nearly 2 meters) into the soil, but most if
the roots from the top 8 inches of the soil. Nodules begin to form on the roots in 10-19
days after emergence and continue forming through out the life cycle of the plant. Active
modular are pink inside (Chapman, 1976).

Soybean plants, which have typical, small legume flowers, are predominately self
pollinating. Flowers are purple or white; groups or form eight to sixteen flowers are
borne in terminal or auxiliary racemes. The pistil is simple and the ovary matures into
the legume pod. At maturity pods, usually contain two to three seeds but they can
contain as many as five. Seeds vary in shape from nearly spherical to somewhat flattened
discs and color from pale green and yellow to dark brown (Chapman, 1976).

Importance of Soybeans
Dried soybeans are mature beans that have been shelled and dried. Their flavor is
generally quite bland, which may explain why they weren't embraced by Western
cultures until their nutritive value was discovered. Unlike other legumes, the soybean is
low in carbohydrates and high in protein. Soy products are also a good source of iron and
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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4
contain vitamins B1 and B2 and an essential oil-linoleic acid, one of the Omega-3 fatty
acids. The feed industry uses soybean in feed preparation such as soybean meal. Other
industrial products such as dyes, synthetic resins, lacquers, glues and paper coating use
soybean as raw materials. Furthermore, soybean is now becoming an important
component of a farming system because it can be grown profitably after rice and corn, or
with corn. It can also reduce fertilizer cost because part of its nitrogen requirement can
be acquired through nitrogen fixation (AVRDC, 2001).

Adaptation of Soybean

The climatic requirements for the soybean are about the same as those for corn.
Soybean withstands short periods of drought after the plants are well established. A well-
charged soil profile (6-8 feet) may contain enough moisture to allow the plant to reach
bloom stage before additional water is needed after planting. Soybeans are less
susceptible to frost injury than in corn; light frosts have little effect on the plant when
either young or early mature. The minimum temperature for growth is about 10 °C
(Martin, 1976).

The soybean is a short day plant and is sensitive to photoperiods. Many varieties
require 10 hours of daily darkness in order to flower. With in a variety variation in time
of flowering from year to year with the same length appear to be closely associated with
temperature conditions (Martin, 1976).

Soybeans grow in nearly all types of soil but are especially productive in fertile
loams. These are better adapted to low fertility soil than in corn, provided the proper
nitrogen fixing bacteria are present (Martin, 1976).


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Genetic Resources of Soybeans

The characters of soybean germplasm considered important are early maturity,
high number of branches, of nodes, of pods, and seed weight per plant. The large
variability in these characters gives a great chance for successful screening (IBPGR,
1997).

Germplasm of soybean are collected in order to save the traditional material
cultivated in several localities. Fountain and Hallauer (1996) stated that the proper
choice of germplasm determines the ultimate success of the collection of the genetic
improvements. Chang (1994) cited that germplasm are the source of resistance to several
biotic and a biotic stresses. Brush (1995) cited that gene bank is the storage center of
genetic resource s because it ensures conservation of genetic diversity that will provide
germplasm for small breeders and farmers. Germplasm collection is done to conserve,
multiply and make the seed of soybean and utilization purposes (AVRDC, 1991). Gene
banks are the most practical way of safeguarding a crop genetic as a reserve for future use
(Plucknett et al., 1987).

Dashiell (1986) conducted at IITA germplasm and was known that screened for
seed longevity and several lines from Indonesia were found to have good seed viability
after eight months of storage under ambient condition.

Selected breeding lines undergo replicated preliminary yields trials (RYT) across
all three season intermediate-replicated yield trials (IYT). Promising entries from the
IYT’s are coded at AVRDC Glycine selection (AGs) and are tested for an additional year
in advanced yield trials. The photoperiodic response at AGS entries are evaluated in pot
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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6
culture studies using artificial and natural light and dark rooms resulting some of which
yield up to 10 t/ha each year from three crops (AVRDC, 2001).

Varietal Evaluation


Regmi (1990) stated that varietal evaluation is a part of a process of crop breeding
program which compare promising line developed by a breeders. In this process the
breeder must observed the yield, quality, adaptability, insect pest and disease resistance
and stress tolerance of a particular crop.

In 1986, Shanmugasundaran and Toung found those eleven Glycine selections
(AGS) and three local cultivars (checks) in two management levels. AVRDC‘s
suggested cultural practices (maximum inputs) and minimum inputs.

At AVRDC from 1976 to 1978, 200 accessions from the germplasm collection
with large seed size were screened in the field or select potential vegetable soybeans.
Based on seed size and green bean yield five accessions were selected and evaluated
during spring, summer and autumn seasons in 1979. Among them G8547 (PI200538)
with gray pubescence had 42 grams for shelled 100 bean weight could be harvested in 93
days compared to Shih’s 24 grams for 100-bean weight and was harvested in 66 days,
(Shanmugasundaran, 1991).

Characterization and Evaluation Done in
Other Legumes


Characterization is based on agro-morphological characteristic of plants.
Standardized descriptions are used to characterize materials so that information
exchanged of genetic resources is more accessible to researchers and Plant breeders.
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Breeders could use them as resources for exploiting new traits that is desirable and
related to yield (Barromeo et.al, 1994).

Characterization data are used for the following purposes: to eliminate duplicates
in a collection; to asses the agronomic and utilization potential of an accession; to check
the accuracy of labeling in field experiments; and to serve as a basis for roughing
mixtures in multiplication on fields.

Lima Bean

A characterization and evaluation on lima bean as worked on by Sagayo (2006),
and differences were observed for number of days, from emergence to flowering, pod
setting and seed filling while in the number of days from flowering to first harvest. Most
of the accessions are comparable to each other. LBO2 and LBO5 took 75 days to flower
and were the earliest to mature. LBO5 was recorded a late maturing accession. LBO6 out
performed other accessions which had the following characteristics: tallest plants at 35
DAP; longest buds; widest leaves; and produce the heaviest seed.

Rice Bean

Result on the study conducted by Ignacio (2005) on rice bean showed that
significant differences were noted among the accession s that significant differences were
collected from different municipalities of Benguet for most morphological characters
except for the stem diameter, number of nodes, inflorescence length, number of seed per
pod and pod width. High variation with in the collection was also observed that
qualitative characters such as cotyledon color, leaf shape, flower bud size, pod curvature
and seed color in the diversity analysis
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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MATERIALS AND METHODS


An area of 165 sq. m which previously planted with sorghum for organic
production was properly cleaned and prepared. The area was divided into three blocks
consisting of eleven plots each measuring 1 m x 5 m. The experiment was laid-out using
randomized complete block design (RCBD).
The 11 accessions tested as follows:
CODE ACCESSION
A1 AGS
432
A2 AGS
433
A3 AGS
434
A4 AGS
435
A5 AGS
436
A6 AGS
437
A7 AGS
438
A8 AGS
439
A9 AGS
440
A10 AGS
292
A11 Local
check

Planting and planting distance

Seeds were sown at a distance of 30 cm x 10 cm between hills and rows with a
depth of 4-5 cm at a rate of 1 seed per hill.

Cultural management practices

Mushroom compost at the rate of 5 kg per 5 m2 was applied two weeks before
planting. Vermi compost at the rate of 5 kg in 165 m2 was also applied at vegetative
stage. Cultural management practices like weeding, irrigation were uniformly employed.
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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There were no use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Marigold and corn were planted
around the area to encourage crop diversity and lessen pest infestation.

Data Gathered
1. Agro-Climatic data. Air temperature (minimum °C and maximum °C),
relative humidity (percentage), daily sunshine duration (minutes) and rainfall (millimeter)
was recorded base on the following data that was taken from Benguet State University
Philippines Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Agro
Meteorological Station. 
2. Maturity
2.1. Days from sowing to emergence. This was recorded by subtracting the
date of sowing minus date of emergence from planting to the time when at least 50% of
plants have fully emerged.
2.2. Days from emergence to flowering. This was recorded starting from
emergence to the day when 50 % of plants have fully emerged
2.3. Days from emergence to seed filling. This was recorded by counting the
number of days from emergence until 50 % of the pods are filled.
2.4. Days from emergence to pod setting. This was recorded by counting the
number of days starting from flowering to the days when pod sets are formed.
2.5. Days from emergence to harvesting of fresh pods. This was obtained by
counting the number of days from emergence to harvesting of fresh pods.
3. Plant growth. This was recorded by observing the plant growth either
determinate or indeterminate
4. Plant Height
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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4.1. Initial plant height (cm). The initial plant height was measured 30 DAP
after planting from five sample plants.
4.2. Plant height at flowering (cm). This was recorded and measured from
the base to the tip of the plant 50 DAP.
4.3. Plant height at maturity (cm). The height of the plants 60 DAP was
measured from the cotyledon scar to the tip of the plants using a thread, and foot rule
from five sample plants.
5. Branching and Stem Characters
5.1. Diameter of a stem (mm). The diameter of the stem was measured at the
mid-portion using a vernier caliper when the plants are fully matured.
5.2. Number of nodes. This was obtained by counting the number of nodes
of five sample plants on the main stem from the base of the first inflorescence.
6. Leaf Characters
a. Leaf area (cm2). The leaf area of the fully expanded sample leaves was
taken by replica weight method. The formula used is:
Area
of
ordinary
paper
(cm2) x weight of replica (g)
Leaf area =



Weight of ordinary paper

b. Leaf shape. The shape of the leaf was taken from the terminal leaflet or
third trifoliate leaf when 50 % of the lower leaf opens using the following scale:
Scale Description
1 round
3 ovate
5 ovate
lanceolate
7 lanceolate
9 linear
lanceolate
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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c. Leaf length (cm). The length of leaflet of the leaf was measured at the
terminal leaflet or third trifoliate of plants when 50 % of the lower leaf opens.
d. Leaf anthocyanin pigment. This was recorded as absent or present or
absent by observing the hairiness of the leaf. This was taken at vegetative stage by
observing the leaf if it has purple, reddish and white spot.
e. Leaf persistence. This was observed 40 DAP weeks after planting using
the following scale:
Scale Description
3
Few leaves remaining
5 Intermediate
7 most
leaves
remaining
f. Leaf color intensity of green color. This was observed 40 DAP weeks
after planting using the following scale:
Scale Description
3 Pale
green
5 Intermediate
green
7 Dark
green
g. Leaf hairiness. This was measured from inner face of first fully expanded
leaves to the tip using the following rating scale:
Scale Description
0 Glabrous
3 Slightly
pubescent
5 Moderately
pubescent
7 Highly
pubescent

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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7. Flower Characters
a. Flower bud size. The size of the flower bud was taken just before the
flowers opens and rated as: small 3.6-4.5 cm, medium 5.6-6.5 cm, and large 7.6-8.5 cm.
b. Flower color. Flower color was observed when flower opens by recording
its color using the code scale:
Scale Description
P Pink
NW Near
white
PR Purple

W White
c. Color flower keel. This was taken and observe just before the flowers
open by recording the color of the tip whether tinged (pink to purple) or greenish
d. Color of flower standard. This was observed at the upper part of inner
side of the flower as light pink, white, violet, and deep pink to purple.
e. Wing opening. This was obtained from the freshly opened flower using
the following scale:
Scale Description
0
Parallel wings; closed
3 Intermediate
opening
2
Wings widely diverging
8. Pod Characters
a. Pod color. This was observed during the first harvest and last harvest
using the following pod color rate:
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Scale Description
1 Dark
green
2 Green
3 Yellow
green
4 Yellow
b. Pod pubescence. The pod pubescence was observed when pods are fully
expanded and rated as glabrous and pubescent.
c. Pod dehiscence. This was obtained at maturity stage and observe as
shattering and none shattering.
d. Pod beak shape. This was taken at maturity stage and observed using the
following scale:
Scale Description
1 Short
beak
2
Medium length beak
3 Long
beak
4 Thick
beak
e. Number of one seeded and two seeded pods per five plants. This was
taken by counting the one seed pods using the same five plants strip the pods and separate
the one seed pods and the two or more seed pods into two groups
f. Weight of one seeded and two seeded pods per five plants (kg). This was
obtained by weighing the one seeded and two seeded pods using the five sample plants.
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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14
g. Length of one seeded and two seeded pod (cm). The lengths of the largest
fully expanded immature pods were picked at random in each plot and was measured
from the base to the tip of the pod.
h. Width of one seeded and two seeded pod (cm). This was measured using
a foot ruler from the largest fully expanded immature pods.
9. Yield and Yield Components
9.1. Pod yield
a. Weight of marketable fresh pod per plot (kg). This was recorded by
weighing the marketable fresh pods per plot per treatment. Marketable pods was free
from disease and insect damaged are not deformed.
b. Weight of non-marketable fresh pods per plot (kg). This was obtained
by weighing the non-marketable pods per plot per treatment. Non marketable was
observed as diseased, damaged and deformed pods.
c. Pods number per 500 grams two seed pods. This was recorded by
weighing 500 grams of seed from the full two or more seed pods and count the pods
sample and taken by counting the pods using the 500 g of seeds from total pod yield per
harvest plot.
d. Total pod yield per harvest plot. This was recorded by getting the total
weight of marketable and non-marketable fresh pods per plot per treatment throughout
the harvest period.
e. Two seed pod yield per harvest plot total.   This was obtained by
recording the harvest plot total weight in kilograms
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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f. Computed fresh pod yield per hectare (t/ha). Total yield per hectare in
tons was computed by using the following formula:




Total yield per plot
Yield (t/ha) =
x 2

5m2

Where 2 is the factor to be used to convert yield in kg/ 5 m2 ton per hectare
assuming one hectare effective area.

10. Reaction to Pest and Diseases
10.1. Reaction to pod borers. The reaction of infestation of pod borer was
obtained using the rating scale:
Scale
Description



Remarks



1
No
infestation
High
resistance

2

1-25 % of total plant was infested

Mild resistance

3

25-50 % of total plant was infested
Moderate resistance

4

51-75 % of total plant was infested
Susceptible resistance

5

76-100 % of total plant was infested
Very susceptible
10.2. Reaction to soybean rust. The reaction of infestation of soybean rust
was obtained using the rating scale:
Scale
Description



Remarks

1

No infestation



High resistance

2

1-25 % of total plant was infested

Mild resistance

3

25-50 % of total plant was infested
Moderate resistance

4

51-75 % of total plant was infested
Susceptible resistance

5

76-100 % of total plant was infested
Very susceptible
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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11. Lodging. This was obtained by the following rating scale just before
harvest:
Scale Definition Remarks
1
All plants erect
Resistance
2
All plants leaning slightly or 10 %
Moderately resistance
of the plants lodging

3
Ten to 50 % of the plant lodging
Intermediate
4
Fifty to 80 % of the plant lodging
Moderately
5
Almost all the plant lodging
Susceptible
12. Sensory Evaluation
Samples of newly harvested pods were cooked and evaluated by 10 students, 10
faculty of the College of Agriculture and 10 farmers in terms of acceptability and aroma
using the following scale:
a. Acceptability
Scale Description
1 dislike
very
much
2 dislike
moderately
3 like
4 like
moderately
5
like very much




Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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b. Aroma
Scale Description
1 Not
aromatic
2 Slightly
aromatic
3 Moderately
aromatic
4 Very
aromatic
5 Extremely
aromatic


Data Analysis

All qualitative data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The significance of
differences among the treatment means was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT) at 5% level of significance.








Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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18
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


Meteorological Data During the Conduct of the Study


Table 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall and sunshine
duration during the conduct of the study. Temperature ranged from 13.6 °C to 25.2 °C.
Mean relative humidity is 55.69 % while rainfall amount recorded is 2.88 mm,
respectively. Total sunshine ranged from 304.6 to 3.87.2 Kj. Light intensity is taken
during pod setting ranging from 93.9 to 94.6

According to Whigham (1983), soybean grows best in areas with 10 °C – 40 °C
and average relative humidity of 90 %. Low relative humidity may reduce yield more
than high relative humidity. Yield reduction can be attributed to increase flower abortion
and fewer pods. Low light intensities have been associated with a high rate of pod
abscission, lower seed weight and lower yield.

Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall and sunshine duration during
the conduct of the study

TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
MONTHS
(°C)
HUMIDITY
AMOUNT
DURATION
(%)
(mm)
(Kj)
MAX MIN
October 24.4 21.4 19.0 7.70
319.6
November 25.2 16.2 75.2 3.10 304.6
December 24.4 13.6 82.0 0.10 369.8
January 24.6 13.4
85.0
0.03
349.0
February 24.5 14.05

85.25 3.45
387.2
Mean 24.7
15.67
55.69
2.88
346.04


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Maturity
Days from Sowing to Emergence
Days from sowing to emergence was recorded by counting the days from sowing
to the day when 50 % of plants have fully emerged.
Table 2 shows the number of days from sowing to emergence of the eleven
accessions studied. The eleven accessions emerged 7 to 8 days from sowing, showing
non-significant differences.

Table 2. Number of days from sowing to emergence, from emergence to flowering
emergence to pod setting, emergence to seed filling and emergence to 1st harvest
of the 11 soybean accessions

NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
ACCESSION
SOWING
EMERGENCE EMERGENCE EMERGENCE EMERGENCE
TO
TO
TO POD
TO SEED
TO 1ST
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
SETTING
FILLING
HARVEST
AGS 432
7bc 38cd
43cbdgb
51bc 65cb
AGS 433
8ab
40bb
45bbbgb
53bb 64cd
AGS 434
8ab 37db
43cbdgb
52bb 44cd
AGS 435
8ab 48ab
53abbgb
61ab 71bb
AGS 436
8ab 37db
41edbgb
52bb 65cd
AGS 437
7bc 36ed
41cdegb
49bc 64cd
AGS 438
8ab 37ab
42bcde 50bc 64cd
AGS 439
8ab 40bc
44bcgbg
52bb 64db
AGS 440
8ab 34eb
30eggbb
47cb 61eb
AGS 292
8ab 34eb
41cdebg
48cb 61eb
Local check
7cb 47ab
52abgbb
63ab 73ab
CV (%)
6.01*
3.11** 3.60** 4.10** 0.15**
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)



Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Days from Emergence to Flowering

Among the eleven accessions of soybean tested, AGS 440 and AGS 292 were the
earliest to bear flower at 34 days after emergence and AGS 435 was the latest at 48 days
after emergence as shown in Table 2.

Days from Emergence to Pod Setting
Table 2 shows the number of days from emergence to pod setting. Highly
significant differences were observed among the 11 soybean accessions. AGS 440 was
the earliest to produce pods at 39 days from emergence. The latest to produce pods were
AGS 435 (52 days) and the local check (53 days).

Days from Emergence to Seed-filling
Statistically analysis revealed highly significant differences on the number of
emergence to seed-filling among the 11 soybean accessions evaluated. AGS 440 and
AGS 292 were not significantly different and were the earliest to seed-fill at 47 and 48
days from emergence. The latest to seed-fill were AGS 435 (63 days and the local check
61 days).

Days from Emergence to First Harvest
Highly significant differences were noted on the number of days from emergence
to first harvest (Table 2). AGS 440 and AGS 292 were the earliest to be harvested in 61
days from emergence while the local check was the latest to be harvested at 73 days.
Differences could be due to the genetic characteristic. However, in the warmer areas,
pod setting is observed even earlier according to Bantog (1993).

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Growth Pattern

All the accessions have determinate type of growth pattern.

Plant Height
Height at 30, 50 and 60 DAP
Table 3 shows the height of the plants at 30, 50 and 60 DAP. AG5 433 and AGS
440 significantly produced the tallest plants with 14.51 cm and 14.53 cm, respectively but
comparable with the local check. At 50 DAP, AGS 435 significantly produced the tallest
plants while the shortest plants were obtained from AGS 432 but was comparable with
AGS 292. At 60 DAP, height increased in all accessions. AGS 435 significantly
produced the tallest plants with 27.10 cm while AGS 432 has the shortest plants but
comparable with AGS 292.

Table 3. Height at 30, 50, 60 DAP of the 11 soybean accessions
HEIGHT (cm)
ACCESSION
30 DAP
50 DAP
60 DAP
AGS 432
11.74cdg 13.76fg 15.20g
AGS 433
14.52ag 18.33bc 19.90cd
AGS 434
12.01cd 17.37c 18.60deg
AGS 435
13.26abc 24.83ag 27.10a
AGS 436
12.63bc 19.57b 20.93c
AGS 437
12.33bcd 19.03bg 21.00cg
AGS 438
13.54abc 19.97b 23.80bg
AGS 439
10.69dg 15.70de 17.40efg
AGS 440
14.50ag 17.27cd 19.20cde
AGS 292
12.41cde 14.70ef 16.50fg
Local check
13.90ab 17.23cd 18.30ed
CV (%)
7.60**
4.99**
5.07**
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Branching and Stem Characters
Number of Nodes/Plant

Significant differences were observed on the number of nodes per plant. The
local check obtained the highest number of nodes but comparable with AGS 435. AGS
434 and AGS 436 which were not significantly different with each other. AGS 439
produce the lowest number of nodes among the eleven accessions of soybean.

Number of Branches Per Plant

Highly significant differences were observed on the number of branches per plant.
The local check produced the most number of branches per plant among the soybean
accessions. AGS 432, AGS 433, AGS 436, AGS 437 and AGS 292 were not
significantly different from each other.

Table 4. Number of nodes, branches and diameter of the 11 soybean accessions
NUMBER OF:
DIAMETER OF STEM
ACCESSION
NODES BRANCES (mm)
AGS 432
4cd
7cd 5.00de
AGS 433
5abc
8cd 6.00ab
AGS 434
4bc
7cd 5.40bcd
AGS 435
6ab 10bd 6.33a
AGS 436
5bc
7cd 5.73abc
AGS 437
5abc
7cd 5.13cd
AGS 438
5abc
7cd 5.13cd
AGS 439
4abc
6dd 5.33cd
AGS 440
5abc
8dc 6.20ad
AGS 292
5a
7cd 4.46e
Local check
6agd 14ad 5.53bcd
CV (%)
10.94*d
dd12.44** 6.35**d
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Diameter of Stem

Highly significant differences were observed on diameter of stem. AGS 440 had
the widest stem but not significantly different with AGS 433. AGS 292 had the
narrowest stem of 4.46 mm.

Leaf Characters
Leaf Area

Table 5 shows the leaf area of the 11 soybean accessions. AGS 438 had the
widest leaf 38.65 cm2 but comparable with AGS 435. AGS 435 and AGS 437 had leaf
area which are not significantly different. The other accessions have comparable leaf
area.

Leaf Length

Highly significant differences on leaf length of the eleven soybean accessions
were observed. AGS 437 and AGS 292 significantly differed AGS 43.7 had the longest
leaves with 8.27 cm while AGS 433 had the shortest leaves. The rest of the accessions
are comparable (Table 5).

Leaf Shape

Most of the accessions have a ovate leaf shape while the local check has a unique
lancole leaf.

Leaf Anthocyanin Pigment

All of the accessions have anthocyanin pigments.


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Leaf Persistence

Most of the accessions have high leaf resistance while local check had
intermediate leaf persistence.

Leaf Color Intensity of Green Color

Most of the accessions had intermediate green leaf. AGS 292 has intense green
leaf.

Leaf Hairiness

Most of the accessions are slightly hairy while local check has moderate
pubescence.

Table 5. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf shape of the 11 soybean accessions
LEAF AREA
LEAF LENGTH
ACCESSION
LEAF SHAPE
(cm2)
(cm)
AGS 432
28.24c 6.47gf Ovate
AGS 433
28.65c 6.10hg Ovate
AGS 434
28.02cgg 7.00de Ovate
AGS 435
37.68ab 6.27gh Ovate
AGS 436
28.65c 6.20gh Ovate
AGS 437
37.06b 8.27a Ovate
AGS 438
38.65ag 7.20dg Ovate
AGS 439
28.34cg 6.70ef Ovate
AGS 440
28.65cg 7.53c Ovate
AGS 292
28.03cg 7.90b Ovate
Local check
18.96d 7.20d Lanceolate
CV (%)
2.33**
2.57**

*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Flower Characters
Flower Bud Size

All the accessions have small flower buds.

Color of Flower Keel

All the accessions exhibit white flower keel.

Color of Flower Standard and Wing Opening

The standard color of the accessions was observed as white in the wing opening.
All accessions displayed parallel wing opening.

Flower Buds/Cluster

The local check has the highest number of flower buds per cluster. Flower bud
per cluster ranged from 3-5 (Table 6). The local check produced the most number of
flower buds per cluster which was significantly different with AGS 439. AGS 432, AGS
433, AGS 434, AGS 435, AGS 436, AGS 437, AGS 438 and AGS 292 are not
significantly different from each other.

Pod Characters
Pod Color

Most of the accessions exhibit a green pods for AGS 292 and the local check has
a dark green pods.

Pod Pubescence

All the accessions have pubescent pods.

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Pod Dehiscence

Pod dehiscence of the accessions was observed as non-shattering.

Pod Beak Shape

All the accessions exhibit short beak shape.

Pod Number Per Plant

The local check had the highest number of pods per plant while AGS 439 had the
lowest number of pods.

Table 6. Flower buds per cluster of the 11 soybean accessions
FLOWER BUDS/
POD NUMBER/
ACCESSION
CLUSTER
PLANT
AGS 432
3.33bc 9.67
AGS 433
3.33bc 11.00
AGS 434
3.67bc 10.67
AGS 435
4.00bc 11.33
AGS 436
3.00c 10.33
AGS 437
3.33bc 9.00
AGS 438
4.00bc 9.67
AGS 439
4.33ab 7.67
AGS 440
3.00c 8.00
AGS 292
4.00bc 10.33
Local check
5.33a 18.00
CV (%)
17.44

8.52**
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)




Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Number of One-Two-and Three-Seeded Pods

Highly significant differences were observed number of one-two-and three-seeded
pods.

The local check showed the highest number of one-seeded pods with 161.00.
AGS 433 and 437 were not significantly different with each other and produced the
lowest number of one seeded pods (Table 7).

AGS 433, AGS 434, AGS 438, AGS 440 and 441 were not significantly different
the local check showed the highest number of two-seeded pods while AG5 433 produced
the lowest number.

Numerically, the local check had also the highest number of three-seeded pod
with 52 while the rest of the accessions are comparable with each other.

Table 7. Number of one-two-and three-seeded pods of the 11 soybean accessions
NUMBER OF:
ACCESSION
ONE-SEEDED POD
TWO-SEEDED POD
THREE-SEEDED POD
AGS 432
30.67cd 30.66sd 12.67bc
AGS 433
30.67cdc 27.67d 1.86c
AGS 434
28.00d 37.67cd 2.54bc
AGS 435
28.00d 31.00cd 10.67bc
AGS 436
41.00bcd 41.67bcd 11.67bc
AGS 437
51.67b 50.33bcc 13.00bc
AGS 438
36.00bcdc 38.67cd
3.07bc
AGS 439
48.67bcc 60.33cb 17.67b
AGS 440
39.00bcd 38.33cdc
2.54cd
AGS 292
25.34bcdc 38.33cdc 13.34cd
Local check
161.00ac 209.67ac 52.00ag
CV (%)
11.86** 19.92**
31.78**
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Length of One-Two-and Three-Seeded Pods

There were no significantly differences observed on the pod length of one-seeded
and three-seeded pods, while two-seeded pods was significant. As shown in Table 8,
AGS 433 had the longest pods of 6.13 cm while the local check had the shortest pods
with 4.40 cm.
Pod length is one of the criteria use to determine the marketability of legume pod.
Consumers and buyers of bean pods usually preferred longer pods than the shorter ones
(Viernes, 2000).

Table 8. Length of one-two-and three-seeded pods of the 11 soybean accessions
LENGTH
ACCESSION
(cm)
ONE-SEEDED POD
TWO-SEEDED POD
THREE-SEEDED POD
AGS 432
3.87abc 5.27b 5.83ab
AGS 433
4.00abc 6.13a 2.16bc
AGS 434
3.30abc 5.50ab 4.36ab
AGS 435
3.97abc 5.37ab 6.07ac
AGS 436
3.83abc 5.40ab 6.40ac
AGS 437
3.87abc 5.53ab 6.60ac
AGS 438
3.83abc 5.70ab 4.23ab
AGS 439
4.20acc 5.53ab 6.40ac
AGS 440
4.03abc 5.50ab 4.16ab
AGS 292
3.97abc 5.23b 6.03ac
Local check
3.56bcc 4.40c 4.80ab
CV (%)
7.61nsc
7.74** 37.94nsc
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)




Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Pod Width of One-Two-and Three-Seeded Pods
Table 9 shows that AGS 432 and AGS 433 had the widest pods (1.73 cm and 1.76
cm) while the local check had the narrowest pods with 1.33 cm on two-seeded pods.

AGS 435, AGS 436 and AGS 292 were not significantly different with each
other. The pods of other accessions have are comparable widths.

Table 9. Width of one-two-and three-seeded pods of the 11 soybean accessions
WIDTH
ACCESSION
(cm)
ONE-SEEDED POD
TWO-SEEDED POD
THREE-SEEDED POD
AGS 432
1.53abc 1.73ac 1.56ac
AGS 433
1.63abc 1.76ac 0.60ab
AGS 434
1.43bcc 1.53bc 1.07ab
AGS 435
1.63abc 1.53bc 1.53ac
AGS 436
1.70acc 1.60ab 1.43ab
AGS 437
1.60abc 1.53bc 1.63ac
AGS 438
1.57abc 1.60ab 0.96ab
AGS 439
1.63abc 1.60ab 1.60ac
AGS 440
1.60abc 1.60ab 1.07ab
AGS 292
1.73acc 1.67ab 1.57ac
Local check
1.36ccc 1.33cc 1.30ab
CV (%)
8.33nsc 5.44** 36.77nscc
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)






Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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Pod Yield
Weight of Marketable Fresh Pod/Plant
Significant differences among the accessions were noted on weight of marketable
fresh pods (Table 10). The local check produced the highest marketable fresh pods with
a mean of 3.26 kg and the lowest was obtained from AGS 433 with 0.32 kg.
Marketable fresh pods were free from insect pest and disease damage and not
deformed.

Weight of Non-Marketable Fresh Pod
Significant differences were observed among the 11 soybean accessions on
weight of non-marketable fresh pod. Numerically, most of the accessions were not
significantly different but AGS 433 and AGS 435 were comparable with AGS 438.

Total Pod Yield/Plot
The heaviest pods per plot were produced by the local check (3.27 kg) followed
by AGS 439 with 0.79 kg while AGS 435 produced the lightest pod yield with 0.31 kg.
The other accessions were comparable with each other (Table 10).

Computed Fresh Pod Yield (t/ha)

Table 10 shows that among the 11 soybean accessions, the local check produced
the highest computed fresh pod yield with 6.54 tons/ha followed by AGS 439 while AGS
433 had the lowest computed fresh pod yield of 0.66 tons/ha.



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Table 10. Pod yield of the 11 soybean accessions
POD YIELD
ACCESSION
NON
TOTAL YIELD
COMPUTED
MARKETABLE
MARKETABLE
kg/5m2
(t/ha)
kg/5m2
kg/5m2
AGS 432
0.36c 0.01a 0.37c 0.74cc
AGS 433
0.32c 0.01b 0.33c 0.66cc
AGS 434
0.38bc 0.01a 0.39bc 0.79bc
AGS 435
0.30c 0.01b 0.31c 0.61cc
AGS 436
0.56bc 0.01a 0.57bc 1.15bc
AGS 437
0.70bc 0.01a 0.71bc 1.43bc
AGS 438
0.49bc 0.02ab 0.50bc 1.00bc
AGS 439
0.78b 0.01a 0.79b 1.59bc
AGS 440
0.44bc 0.01a 0.45bc 0.89bc
AGS 292
0.47bc 0.01a 0.48bc 0.96bc
Local check
3.26a 0.01a 3.27a 6.54ac
CV (%)
28.87**
36.70

28.54** 28.54**
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different by DMRT (P > 0.05)


Reaction to Pests and Diseases
Reaction to Pod Borer

Reaction to pod borer is shown in Table 11. Among the 11 accessions evaluated,
AGS 436, AGS 439, AGS 440 and AGS 292 showed mild resistance to pod borer. The
other of the accessions have mild resistance.

Reaction to Cutworm

As shown in the Table 11, AGS 433, AGS 435, AGS 437, AGS 438 and local
check showed mild resistance to cutworm while the rest of the accessions had moderate
resistance.

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
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32
Reaction to Leaf Roller

Among the 11 accessions, AGS 433, AGS 436 and AGS 292 have mild resistance
while the rest of the accessions have moderate resistance. AGS 436, AGS 437 and AGS
440 have mild resistance.

Reaction to Leaf Blight

Visual rating for occurrence of leaf blight among the 11 accessions was done
during the vegetative stage. It was observed that most of the accessions were highly
resistant to leaf blight. AGS 436, AGS 437 and AGS 440 have mild resistance (Table
11).

Loging

All accessions were resistant to lodging.

Table 11. Reaction to pest and diseases of the 11 soybean accessions
REACTION TO:
ACCESSION
POD BORRER
CUTWORM
LEAF ROLLER LEAF
BLIGHT
AGS
432
2 3 3 1
AGS
433
2 2 2 1
AGS
434
2 3 3 1
AGS
435
2 2 3 1
AGS
436
3 3 2 1
AGS
437
2 2 3 1
AGS
438
3 3 3 2
AGS
439
2 2 3 1
AGS
440
3 3 3 2
AGS
292
3 3 2 1
Local check
2 2 3 1
Rating scale: 1 – Holy resistance; 2 – Mild resistance; 3 – Moderately resistance; 4 –
Susceptible resistance; 5 – Very susceptible
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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33
Sensory Evaluation

Samples of newly harvested pods were blanched and were evaluated by 10
farmers, 10 students and 10 faculty.

Most of the accessions were rated as slightly aromatic while AGS 439 and AGS
440 were moderately aromatic. AGS 292 was rated not aromatic. Based on
acceptability, AGS 292 and AGS 437 were rated moderately like and the rest of the
accessions were liked as compared with the local check which was rated moderately
dislike.

In terms of sensory evaluation of fresh pod yield, consumers are considering the
color and width of the fresh pods. Apparently, green to dark green and wide fresh pods
were acceptable in addition to their aromatic pods (Pog-ok, 2001).

Table 12. Sensory evaluation of the 11 soybean accessions
ACCESSION ACCEPTABILITY AROMA
AGS 432
3
2
AGS 433
3
2
AGS 434
3
2
AGS 435
3
2
AGS 436
3
2
AGS 437
3
2
AGS 438
3
2
AGS 439
4
3
AGS 440
3
3
AGS 292
4
1
Local check
2 2
Rating scale: Aroma 1 – Not aromatic, 2 – Slightly aromatic; 3 – Moderately aromatic, 4
– Very aromatic, 5 – Extremely aromatic; Acceptability 1 – Dislike very much, 2 –
Dislike moderately, 3 – Like moderately, 5 – Like very much
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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34

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS


Summary

The study was conducted at Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet to morphologically
characterize the different soybean accessions, evaluated the different soybean accessions
based on growth, pod yield and resistance to pest and diseases and to determine the
soybean accessions adapted under La Trinidad, Benguet condition.

Result showed significant differences among the 11 soybean accessions for leaf
area, stem diameter, node number, pod number and pod length and width sowing to
emergence. The local check emerged the earliest. AGS 440 and AGS 292 flowered the
earliest. The earliest to produce pods and seeds was AGS 440. AGS 440 and AGS 292
were the earliest to be harvested. AGS 433 produced the tallest plants at 30 DAP.
However, AGS 435 had the tallest plants at 50 and 60 DAP. The local check
significantly produced the most number of nodes and most numerous branches per plant.
AGS 435 produced the widest stem.

Most of the accessions have ovate leaf except for the local check. Most of the
accessions have hairy leaves. All the accessions have pigmented leaves and pods, small
flower buds, are white standard color.

Among the accessions, the local check produced the heaviest weight of
marketable pods, non-marketable pods, total yield and computed fresh pod yield.

AGS 436, AGS 439, AGS 440 and AGS 292 have mild resistance to pod borer.
AGS 433, AGS 435, AGS 437, AGS 438 and local check have mild resistance to
cutworm and AGS 433, AGS 436 and AGS 292 have mild resistance to leaf roller. Mild
resistance to leaf blight was observed from AGS 436, AGS 437 and AGS 440.
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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35

As to acceptability of cooked pods, AGS 292 and AGS 440 were liked moderately
and AGS 292 was not aromatic. The local check was slightly aromatic and disliked
moderately.

Conclusion

The soybean accessions differ on their morphological characters such as plant
height, number of branches, diameter of stem, number of node, leaf area, leaf length,
flower bud size, flower bud per cluster, pod number, pod weight, pod length and pod
width. AGS 435 exhibits the best performance in terms of height. Among the AVRDC
accessions, the highest fresh pod yield was obtained from AGS 439 and AGS 437. AGS
439 and AGS 440 were moderately aromatic while AGS 292 was like moderately
however, not aromatic.

The accessions are moderately to mild resistant to insect pest such as pod borers,
cutworm and leaf roller and highly resistant to leaf blight.

Recommendations
Morphological
characterization could be done in all soybean germplasm for
adaptability trial. The AVRDC soybean accessions are adapted at La Trinidad, Benguet
based on flowering and pod bearing performance, however, since the accessions were
planted from October to February coinciding with low temperature occurrence not
favorable for the plants, it is recommended that the same set of accessions will be planted
earlier (August–September) so flowering will coincide with short days (November),
soybean being a short-day plant.
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

36
LITERATURE CITED


AVRDC. 2001. Soybean Varietal Improvement Shanua, Taiwan, Asian Vegetable
Research and Development Center Publication. P. 12.

AVRDC. 1986. Soybean in Tropical and Subtropical Cropping System, Asian Vegetable
Research and Development Center Publication. P. 24.

BANTOG, N.A. 1993. Farm Evaluation of Promising Varieties on a Farmer’s
Production Practices of Pole Snap Beans in Different Evaluation. MS Thesis.
BSU, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp. 37-39.

BARROMEO, J.H, P.L. SANCHES, E.S. QUINANA and L.M. ENGLE, 1994. Mannual
on rice Genetic Resource Conservation and Gene Bank Management. Nueva
Ecija, Phil Rice. Pp. 22-48.

BRUSH, S.B. 1995. In Site Conservation of Landrace in Centers of Crop Diversity, Crop
Science, San Francisco, W.P. freeman and Company. Pp. 346-354.

CHANG, T.T. 1994. Encyclopedia of Agriculture Science Vol. 2 Academic Press. Inc.
P. 295.

CHAPMAN, S.R., 1976. Crop Production 2nd edition Freeman Book Company Inc.
San Francisco. Pp. 27-30.

FOUNTAIN, M.O. and A.R. HALLAUER 1996. Genetic Variation with in Maize
breeding population Crop Sci 36. 235p.

IBPGR., 1997. Soybean Germplasm Evaluation. P. 3.

IGNACIO, J. 2005. Morphological Characterization Evaluation and Diversity Analysis
of Indigenous Rice bean Accessions from Benguet. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad
Benguet. Pp. 21, 27-28.

MARTIN, J.H.; LEONARD, W.H.; STAMP, D 1976. Principle for Field Crop
Production 3rd Edition Macmillan Publishing co. Inc. Pp. 691-710.

NORMAN, A.G. 1975. Soybean Physiology Agronomy and Utilization, Academic Press
Inc. P.17.

PCARRD. 1986. The Philippine Recommend for Soybean, Los Banos Laguna PCARRD
1986. Tech. Bull. Series No. 14 A .111p.

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

37
PLUCNETT, D.L., J.H. SMITH RIGEL and J.F. WILLIAM. 1987. Genebank and the
World Food. Pp. 4-100.

POG-OK, J.F. 2001. On-Farm Evaluation of Potential Varieties of Pole Snap Bean at
Pico, La Trinidad, Benguet. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad Benguet. P.16.

SAGAYO, F. T. 2006. Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Lima Beans
Collected fro Benguet. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp. 21-27.

SHANMUGASUNDARAN, S., CHENG S., HUANG M., M YAN. 1991. Varietal
Improvement of Varieties of Soybean, AVRDC Taiwan. Pp. 30-42.

SHANMUGANDARAN, S. 1991. Vegetable Soybean, Research Needs for Production
and Quality Improvement. Kenting, AVRDC Taiwan. Publishing No. 911-346.
P.151. Accessed at http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/edamame.html.

SHANMUGASUNDARAN, S. and TOUNG. 1986. Improvement of Varieties of
Soybean Taiwan AVRDC. P. 40.

REGMI, S.R. 1990. Variety Evaluation of Promising Lines and Path Coefficient
Analysis in Pole Snap Beans (Phasolous vulgaries). M.S. Thesis. BSU, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-3.

VIERNESS, E.E. 2000. Increasing Productivity of Pole Snapbeans Through the Use of
Effective Microorganisms (FM). BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 12-
20.

WHIGHAM, D.K. 1983. Symptom on Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under
Different Environment, IRRI Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 205-225.







Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

APPENDICES

APPENDIX TABLE 1. Number of days from sowing to emergence
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
7
8
8
23
7.67bc
AGS 433
8
8
9
25
8.33ab
AGS 434
8
8
9
25
8.33ab
AGS 435
8
9
8
25
8.33ab
AGS 436
8
8
8
24
8.00ab
AGS 437
7
8
8
23
7.67bc
AGS 438
8
8
9
25
8.33ab
AGS 439
8
9
8
26
8.67a
AGS 440
8
9
8
25
8.33ab
AGS 292
8
8
9
25
8.33ab
Local check
7
7
7
21
7.00c

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
1.27
0.67

Treatment 10
6.72
0.64
2.85* 2.35
3.37
Error 20
4.73
0.67
TOTAL 32
12.73

* – Significant
Coefficient of Variation = 6.01 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

39
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Number days from emergence to flowering
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
39
38
38
115
38.33cd
AGS 433
41
41
40
122
40.67b
AGS 434
38
38
37
113
37.87d
AGS 435
49
50
47
146
48.67a
AGS 436
38
38
35
111
37.00d
AGS 437
36
36
37
109
36.00ed
AGS 438
35
41
37
113
37.67d
AGS 439
40
40
41
121
40.33bc
AGS 440
35
34
35
104
34.67e
AGS 292
35
35
34
104
34.67e
Local check
48
47
47
142
47.33a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
4.06
2.30

Treatment 10
655.21
65.52
43.59* 2.35
3.37
Error 20
30.06
1.50
TOTAL 32
689.88

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 3.11 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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40
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Number days from emergence to pod setting
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
44
43
42
129
43bd
AGS 433
46
46
44
136
45
AGS 434
43
44
43
130
43bd
AGS 435
54
55
50
159
53
AGS 436
43
42
39
124
41d
AGS 437
42
42
41
125
41de
AGS 438
40
46
42
128
42cde
AGS 439
45
44
45
134
44c
AGS 440
40
39
40
119
30
AGS 292
40
41
44
125
41de
Local check
53
52
52
157
52

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
6.79
3.39

Treatment 10
572.06
57.21
22.34** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
51.21
2.56
TOTAL 32
630.06

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 3.60 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

41
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Number days from emergence to seed filling
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
52
51
50
153
51bc
AGS 433
54
54
51
159
53b
AGS 434
54
52
52
155
52b
AGS 435
62
63
58
183
61a
AGS 436
51
52
53
156
52b
AGS 437
50
49
48
147
49bc
AGS 438
48
54
50
152
50bc
AGS 439
53
52
53
158
52b
AGS 440
46
47
48
141
47c
AGS 292
45
48
51
144
48c
Local check
61
62
62
185
63a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
1.70
0.85

Treatment 10
674.00
56.31
14.40** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
93.64
0.85
TOTAL 32
769.33
4.69

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 4.10 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

42
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Number days from emergence to harvest
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
66
65
65
196
65c
AGS 433
65
65
64
194
64cd
AGS 434
65
65
64
194
44b
AGS 435
72
71
72
215
71b
AGS 436
65
65
65
130
65cd
AGS 437
64
65
65
194
64cd
AGS 438
65
65
64
194
64cd
AGS 439
64
64
65
193
64d
AGS 440
61
61
61
183
61e
AGS 292
61
61
61
183
61e
Local check
74
73
73
220
73a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.42
0.21

Treatment 10
432.90
43.29
176.37** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
4.91
0.24
TOTAL 32
438.24

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 0.15 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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43
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Initial plant height (30 DAP)
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
12.00
13.08
10.41
35.22
11.74cd
AGS 433
14.34
15.33
13.90
43.57
14.52a
AGS 434
12.26
12.28
11.48
36.02
12.01cd
AGS 435
14.38
12.72
12.68
39.78
13.26abc
AGS 436
13.04
13.66
11.18
37.88
12.63bc
AGS 437
12.92
13.90
10.16
36.98
12.33bcd
AGS 438
13.56
14.06
13.00
40.62
13.54abc
AGS 439
10.68
12.18
9.22
32.08
10.69d
AGS 440
15.18
15.34
13.00
45.52
14.50a
AGS 292
14.12
11.70
11.40
37.22
12.41cde
Local check
16.49
12.54
12.72
41.70
13.90ab

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
22.03
11.01

Treatment 10
43.21
4.32
4.52** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
19.12
0.96
TOTAL 32
84.36

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 7.60 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

44
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Plant height at flowering (50 DAP)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
13.9
13.3
14.1
41.3
13.76f
AGS 433
16.7
18.3
20.0
55.0
18.33bc
AGS 434
18.2
17.0
16.9
52.1
17.37c
AGS 435
25.8
24.9
23.8
74.5
24.83a
AGS 436
20.3
18.3
20.1
58.7
19.57b
AGS 437
18.2
20.1
18.8
57.1
19.03b
AGS 438
20.0
20.1
19.8
59.9
19.97b
AGS 439
15.0
15.6
16.5
47.1
15.70de
AGS 440
17.6
16.9
17.3
51.8
17.27cd
AGS 292
15.1
14.1
14.9
44.1
14.70ef
Local check
17.9
17.5
16.3
51.7
17.23cd

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.38
0.19

Treatment 10
269.45
26.94
33.35** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
16.56
0.80
TOTAL 32
285.99

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 49.9 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

45
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Plant height at maturity (60 DAP)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
15.4
15.0
15.2
45.6
50.20g
AGS 433
18.8
19.0
21.0
59.7
19.90cd
AGS 434
19.0
18.6
18.2
55.8
18.60de
AGS 435
27.5
27.1
26.7
81.3
27.10a
AGS 436
21.8
19.8
21.2
61.8
20.93c
AGS 437
20.3
22.2
20.5
63.0
21.00c
AGS 438
22.1
23.4
25.9
71.4
23.80b
AGS 439
17.5
17.4
17.3
52.2
17.40ef
AGS 440
19.4
19.3
18.9
57.6
19.20fg
AGS 292
16.9
16.8
15.8
49.5
16.50fg
Local check
19.5
16.5
18.9
58.5
18.30ed

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.60
0.30

Treatment 10
341.64
34.16
33.78** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
20.23
1.01
TOTAL 32
362.47

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 5.07 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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46
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Diameter of stem (mm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
5.0
5.0
5.0
15.00
5.00dc
AGS 433
5.6
6.2
6.2
18.00
6.00ab
AGS 434
5.6
5.4
5.2
16.20
5.40bcd
AGS 435
6.4
6.2
6.4
19.00
6.33a
AGS 436
5.4
6.2
5.6
17.20
5.73abc
AGS 437
5.0
5.6
4.8
15.40
5.13cd
AGS 438
5.0
5.4
5.0
15.40
5.13cd
AGS 439
5.2
5.1
5.4
16.00
5.33cd
AGS 440
5.6
6.6
6.4
18.60
6.20e
AGS 292
4.0
4.4
5.0
13.40
4.46e
Local check
6.0
5.0
5.6
16.60
5.53bcd

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.32
0.15

Treatment 10
9.33
0.93
7.70** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
2.42
0.12
TOTAL 32
12.07

* – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 6.35 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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47
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Number of nodes

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
5
4
4
14
4cd
AGS 433
6
6
4
16
5abc
AGS 434
4
5
5
14
4bc
AGS 435
6
6
5
17
6ab
AGS 436
5
5
4
14
5bc
AGS 437
5
5
5
15
5abc
AGS 438
5
5
5
15
5abc
AGS 439
5
4
4
13
4abc
AGS 440
5
6
5
16
5abc
AGS 292
5
6
4
15
5a
Local check
6
6
6
18
6a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
2.60
1.30

Treatment 10
7.30
0.83
2.74* 2.35
3.37
Error 20
6.06
0.30
TOTAL 32
16.96

* – Significant
Coefficient of Variation = 10.94 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

48
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Number of branch/plant

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
8
7
6
21
7cd
AGS 433
7
8
9
24
8c
AGS 434
8
6
7
21
7cd
AGS 435
11
10
9
30
10b
AGS 436
7
8
6
21
7cd
AGS 437
6
8
7
21
7cd
AGS 438
8
8
7
21
7cd
AGS 439
7
6
5
24
6d
AGS 440
7
6
7
21
8dc
AGS 292
6
8
7
21
7cd
Local check
13
14
15
42
14a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
2.18
1.07

Treatment 10
150.00
15.00
15.14** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
19.82
0.99
TOTAL 32
182.00

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 12.44 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

49
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Leaf area (cm2)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
28.22
27.90
28.60
24.72
28.24c
AGS 433
29.90
27.90
29.15
85.95
28.65c
AGS 434
28.01
28.00
28.05
84.06
28.02c
AGS 435
36.90
37.20
38.94
113.04
27.68ab
AGS 436
29.45
27.90
28.60
85.95
28.65c
AGS 437
37.10
37.78
36.30
111.18
37.06b
AGS 438
38.85
38.60
38.50
115.95
38.65a
AGS 439
27.90
28.82
28.30
85.02
28.34c
AGS 440
28.59
27.90
28.60
85.09
28.65c
AGS 292
26.69
28.30
29.10
84.09
28.03c
Local check
19.40
19.10
18.30
56.80
18.96d

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.47
0.23

Treatment 10
978.19
97.82
198.55** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
9.85
0.49
TOTAL 32
9.88.51

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 2.33 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

50
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Leaf length (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
6.5
6.4
6.5
19.40
6.47gf
AGS 433
6.1
6.0
6.2
18.30
6.10h
AGS 434
6.9
7.1
7.0
21.00
7.00de
AGS 435
6.3
6.2
6.3
18.80
6.27gh
AGS 436
6.1
6.2
6.3
16.60
6.20gh
AGS 437
8.0
7.9
8.9
24.80
8.27a
AGS 438
7.2
7.1
7.3
21.60
7.20d
AGS 439
6.8
6.6
6.7
20.10
6.70ef
AGS 440
7.5
7.6
7.5
22.60
7.53c
AGS 292
8.0
7.8
7.9
23.70
7.90b
Local check
7.3
7.2
7.1
21.60
7.20d

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.12
0.59

Treatment 10
15.41
1.54
47.59** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
0.65
0.03
TOTAL 32
16.18

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 2.57 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

51
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Number of flower buds/cluster

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
3
4
3
10
3.33bc
AGS 433
3
3
4
10
3.33bc
AGS 434
3
4
4
11
3.67bc
AGS 435
4
5
3
12
4.00bc
AGS 436
3
3
3
9
3.00c
AGS 437
3
4
3
10
3.33bc
AGS 438
4
5
3
12
4.00bc
AGS 439
3
5
5
13
4.33ab
AGS 440
3
3
3
9
3.00c
AGS 292
5
4
5
14
4.00bc
Local check
5
6
5
16
5.33a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
3.70
1.85

Treatment 10
14.06
1.41
3.39** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
8.30
0.41
TOTAL 32
26.06

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 17.14 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

52
APPENDIX TABLE 15. Pod number/plant

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
11
7
11
19
9.67
AGS 433
13
6
14
33
11.00
AGS 434
14
7
11
32
10.67
AGS 435
12
11
11
34
11.33
AGS 436
12
11
8
31
10.33
AGS 437
9
12
7
29
9.00
AGS 438
10
12
7
29
9.67
AGS 439
5
9
6
20
7.67
AGS 440
7
10
7
24
8.00
AGS 292
8
10
13
32
10.33
Local check
17
19
19
55
18.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
1.27
0.64

Treatment 10
260.85
26.05
3.67** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
142.06
21.84
TOTAL 32
404.18

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 8.52 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

53
APPENDIX TABLE 16. Number of one-seeded pods

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
34
34
24
92
30.67cd
AGS 433
35
30
27
92
30.67cd
AGS 434
30
24
30
84
28.00d
AGS 435
31
26
27
84
28.00d
AGS 436
39
59
25
123
41.00bcd
AGS 437
56
56
43
155
51.67b
AGS 438
40
40
28
108
36.00bcd
AGS 439
53
68
25
146
48.67bc
AGS 440
35
49
33
117
39.00bcd
AGS 292
46
29
34
106
25.34bcd
Local check
175
198
110
489
161.00a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
8.72
4.36

Treatment 10
129.61
12.96
21.10** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
12.28
0.61
TOTAL 32
150.61

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 11.86 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

54
APPENDIX TABLE 17. Number of two-seeded pods

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
32
31
29
92
30.66sd
AGS 433
35
24
24
83
27.67d
AGS 434
40
38
35
113
37.67cd
AGS 435
34
30
29
93
31.00cd
AGS 436
42
62
21
135
41.67bcd
AGS 437
59
51
41
151
50.33bc
AGS 438
34
48
34
146
38.67cd
AGS 439
72
66
43
181
60.33b
AGS 440
35
37
43
95
38.33cd
AGS 292
45
37
33
115
38.33cd
Local check
184
230
215
629
209.67a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
528.42
264.21

Treatment 10
81563.21
8156.32
68.08** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
2396.24
119.81
TOTAL 32
84487.88

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 19.92 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

55
APPENDIX TABLE 18. Number of three-seeded pods

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS 432
16
11
11
33
12.67bc
AGS 433
0
17
0
17
1.86c
AGS 434
11
12
0
23
2.54bc
AGS 435
12
11
9
32
10.67bc
AGS 436
11
13
11
35
11.67bc
AGS 437
11
15
13
37
13.00bc
AGS 438
11
25
0
36
3.07bc
AGS 439
22
14
17
53
17.67b
AGS 440
11
12
15
37
2.54cd
AGS 292
11
11
15
37
13.34cd
Local check
54
59
43
156
52.00a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
9.60
4.80

Treatment 10
58.97
5.90
4.91** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
24.04
1.20
TOTAL 32
92.62

** – Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 31.78 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

56
APPENDIX TABLE 19. Length of one-seeded pods (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 3.9 4.2 3.5
11.60 3.87ab
AGS
433 4.4 3.6 4.0
12.00 4.00ab
AGS
434 3.2 3.2 3.5 9.90 3.30ab
AGS
435 4.1 4.1 3.7
11.90 3.97ab
AGS
436 4.2 3.8 3.5
11.50 3.83abc
AGS
437 4.0 3.7 3.8
11.60 3.87ab
AGS
438 4.5 4.3 3.8
12.60 3.83ab
AGS
439 4.5 4.1 3.5
12.10 4.20a
AGS
440 4.5 4.1 3.5
12.10 4.03ab
AGS
292 3.7 3.8 4.4
11.90 3.97ab
Local
check
3.7 3.4 3.6
10.70 3.56bc

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.45
0.22

Treatment 10
1.77
0.18
2.05ns 2.35
3.37
Error 20
1.72
0.08
TOTAL 32
3.94

ns– Not significant
Coefficient of Variation = 7.61 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

57
APPENDIX TABLE 20. Length of two-seeded pods (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 5.6 5.0 5.2
15.80 3.87b
AGS
433 6.0 6.2 6.2
18.40 6.13a
AGS
434 4.5 6.4 5.6
16.50 5.50ab
AGS
435 5.5 5.5 5.1
16.10 5.37ab
AGS
436 5.5 5.2 5.5
16.20 5.40ab
AGS
437 5.4 5.7 5.5
16.60 5.53ab
AGS
438 6.0 5.6 5.5
17.10 5.70ab
AGS
439 5.4 5.5 5.7
16.60 5.53ab
AGS
440 6.1 5.5 5.4
16.50 5.50ab
AGS
292 5.5 4.7 5.5
15.70 5.23b
Local
check
4.5 4.5 4.2
13.20 4.40c

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.03
0.01

Treatment 10
5.18
0.52
2.95** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
3.51
0.17
TOTAL 32
8.72

**– Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 7.74 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

58
APPENDIX TABLE 21. Length of three-seeded pods (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 6.0 5.6 5.9
17.50 5.83ab
AGS
433 0 6.5 0 6.50
2.16b
AGS 434
6.7
6.4
0
13.10
4.36ab
AGS
435 6.1 6.5 5.6
18.20 6.07a
AGS
436 7.4 6.0 5.8
19.20 6.40a
AGS
437 6.6 6.7 6.5
19.80 6.60a
AGS 438
6.2
6.5
0
12.70
4.23ab
AGS
439 6.2 6.7 6.3
19.20 6.40a
AGS 440
6.5
6.0
0
12.50
4.16ab
AGS
292 6.2 5.6 6.3
17.90 6.03a
Local
check
4.7 4.8 4.9
14.40 4.80ab

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
34.90
17.45

Treatment 10
56.23
5.62
1.45ns 2.35
3.37
Error 20
77.48
3.87
TOTAL 32
168.61

ns– Not significant
Coefficient of Variation = 37.94 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

59
APPENDIX TABLE 22. Width of one-seeded pods (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 1.6 1.5 1.5 4.60 1.53abc
AGS
433 1.7 1.6 1.6 4.90 1.63ab
AGS
434 1.4 1.5 1.4 4.30 1.43bc
AGS
435 1.5 1.9 1.5 4.90 1.63ab
AGS
436 2.0 1.5 1.6 5.10 1.70a
AGS
437 1.6 1.6 1.6 4.80 1.60abc
AGS
438 1.6 1.6 1.5 4.70 1.57abc
AGS
439 1.6 1.6 1.7 4.80 1.63ab
AGS
440 1.7 1.5 1.6 4.80 1.60abc
AGS
292 1.6 1.7 1.9 5.20 1.73a
Local
check
1.3 1.4 1.4 4.10 1.36c

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.004
0.002

Treatment 10
0.349
0.035
2.00ns 2.35
3.37
Error 20
0.349
0.017
TOTAL 32
0.70

ns– Not significant
Coefficient of Variation = 8.33 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

60
APPENDIX TABLE 23. Width of two-seeded pods (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 1.8 1.7 1.7 5.20 1.73ac
AGS
433 1.8 1.8 1.7 5.30 1.76ac
AGS
434 1.5 1.6 1.5 4.60 1.53bc
AGS
435 1.5 1.6 1.5 4.60 1.53bc
AGS
436 1.7 1.6 1.5 4.80 1.60ab
AGS
437 1.5 1.6 1.5 4.60 1.53bc
AGS
438 1.8 1.5 1.5 4.80 1.60ab
AGS
439 1.6 1.7 1.5 4.80 1.60ab
AGS
440 1.6 1.7 1.5 4.80 1.60ab
AGS
292 1.8 1.7 1.5 5.00 1.67ab
Local
check
1.4 1.3 1.3 4.00 1.33cc

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.056
0.281

Treatment 10
0.400
0.400
5.33** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
0.150
0.007
TOTAL 32
0.607

**– Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 5.44 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

61
APPENDIX TABLE 24. Width of three-seeded pods (cm)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 1.7 1.5 1.5 4.70 1.56a
AGS
433 0 1.8 0 0.60
0.60ab
AGS 434
1.6
1.6
0
3.20
1.07ab
AGS
435 1.6 1.5 1.5 4.60 1.53a
AGS
436 1.5 1.5 1.3 4.30 1.43ab
AGS
437 1.7 1.6 1.6 4.90 1.63a
AGS 438
1.4
1.5
0
2.90
0.96ab
AGS
439 1.6 1.7 1.5 4.80 1.60a
AGS 440
1.6
1.6
0
3.20
1.07ab
AGS
292 1.7 1.5 1.5 4.70 1.57a
Local
check
1.4 1.3 1.2 3.50 1.30a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
2.52
1.26

Treatment 10
3.38
0.34
1.47ns 2.35
3.37
Error 20
4.59
0.23
TOTAL 32
10.49

ns– Not significant
Coefficient of Variation = 36.77 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

62
APPENDIX TABLE 25. Pod yield of marketable fresh pods (kg/5m2)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 0.46 0.35 0.27 1.08 0.36c
AGS
433 0.39 0.36 0.23 0.98 0.32c
AGS
434 0.45 0.38 0.32 1.15 0.38bc
AGS
435 0.35 0.27 0.29 0.91 0.30c
AGS
436 0.57 0.82 0.30 1.69 0.56bc
AGS
437 0.75 0.81 0.56 2.12 0.70bc
AGS
438 0.47 0.71 0.30 1.48 0.49bc
AGS
439 0.91 0.67 0.77 2.35 0.78b
AGS
440 0.58 0.48 0.25 1.31 0.44bc
AGS
292 0.55 0.42 0.44 1.41 0.47bc
Local
check
3.18 0.55 2.45 9.78 3.26a


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.51
0.25

Treatment 10
21.73
2.17
48.23** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
0.90
0.04
TOTAL 32
23.13

**– Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 28.87 %

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

63
APPENDIX TABLE 26. Pod yield of marketable fresh pods (kg/5m2)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
AGS 433
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01b
AGS
434 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
AGS 435
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.01b
AGS
436 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
AGS
437 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
AGS 438
0
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02ab
AGS
439 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
AGS
440 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
AGS
292 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a
Local
check
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01a


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.006
0.003

Treatment 10
0.002
0.002
2.31* 2.35
3.37
Error 20
0.001
0.009
TOTAL 32
0.004

*– Significant
Coefficient of Variation = 36.70 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

64
APPENDIX TABLE 27. Total pod yield/plot

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 0.47 0.36 0.28 1.11 0.37c
AGS
433 0.40 0.36 0.23 0.99 0.33c
AGS
434 0.46 0.39 0.33 1.18 0.39bc
AGS
435 0.36 0.28 0.29 0.92 0.31c
AGS
436 0.58 0.83 0.31 1.72 0.57bc
AGS
437 0.73 0.82 0.57 2.15 0.71bc
AGS
438 0.47 0.72 0.31 1.50 0.50bc
AGS
439 0.92 0.68 0.78 2.38 0.79b
AGS
440 0.59 0.49 0.26 1.34 0.45bc
AGS
292 0.56 0.43 0.45 1.44 0.48bc
Local
check
3.79 3.56 2.46 9.81 3.27a


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
0.50
0.25

Treatment 10
21.77
2.18
48.32** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
0.90
0.04
TOTAL 32

**– Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 28.54 %


Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

---

65
APPENDIX TABLE 28. Computed fresh pod yield (t/ha)

REPLICATION
ACCESSION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III
AGS
432 0.94 0.72 0.56 2.22 0.74cc
AGS
433 0.80 0.72 0.46 1.48 0.66cc
AGS
434 0.92 0.78 0.66 2.36 0.79bc
AGS
435 0.70 0.56 0.58 1.84 0.61cc
AGS
436 1.16 1.66 0.62 3.44 1.15bc
AGS
437 1.52 1.64 1.14 4.30 1.43bc
AGS
438 0.94 1.44 0.62 3.00 1.00bc
AGS
439 1.84 1.36 1.56 4.76 1.59bc
AGS
440 1.18 0.98 0.52 2.68 0.89bc
AGS
292 1.12 0.86 0.90 2.88 0.96bc
Local
check
7.78 7.12 4.92 19.62 6.54ac


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

DEGREES
TABULATED
SOURCE OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
2.02
1.01

Treatment 10
87.07
8.71
48.32** 2.35
3.37
Error 20
3.60
0.15
TOTAL 32
92.70

**– Highly significant
Coefficient of Variation = 28.54 %




Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions
Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Joyce D. Doco. 2009

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Document Outline

• Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of AVRDC Soybean Accessions Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • ABSTRACT
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • APPENDICES

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