BIBLIOGRAPHY LAGADAN, RODERICK C. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LAGADAN, RODERICK C. APRIL 2009. Wet Season Evaluation of Potato
Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify the best performing potato entries in terms of
yield and resistance to pests and diseases; identify the potato entries which are best
adapted at Loo, Buguias during the wet season; and to determine the profitability of
potato entries under Loo, Buguias during wet season trial.
CIP 2.21.6.2 had the highest percentage survival. CIP 380241.17, PHIL 2.21.6.2,
CIP 676070, PHIL 5.19.2.2 and CIP 573275 were observed as highly vigorous at 45 and
60 DAP. PHIL 2.21.6.2, CIP 380241.17 and PHIL 5.19.2.2 registered the widest canopy
cover at 60 and 75 DAP. These entries were also highly resistant to late blight at 60
DAP.
CIP 380241.17 produced the highest yield and obtained a positive return on cash
expense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….. i
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………...
iii
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………. 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………
3
Varietal Evaluation and Selection…………………………………………….
3
Accession of Potato…………………………………………………………..
3
Potato Production…………………………………………………………….
4
Harvesting…………………………………………………………………….
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………….
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………...
13
Temperature, Relative Humidity and Rainfall………………………………..
13
Percent Survival………………………………………………………………
14
Plant Vigor……………………………………………………………………
14
Canopy Cover ………………………………………………………………..
14
Plant Height……………………………………………………………………
16
Dry Matter Content……………………………………………………………
17
Reaction to Leaf Miner and Late Blight………………………………………
18
Number of Marketable and Non-marketable Tubers………………………….
20
Weight of Marketable and Non-marketable Tubers…………………………..
21
Total Yield (kg/5m2) and Computed Yield (t/ha-1)…………………………... 25
Return on Cash Expenses……………………………………………………..
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………….
27
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………..
29
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………... 31
INTRODUCTION
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the
world after rice, wheat and maize. The potato production represents roughly half of the
world’s annual output of all roots and tubers. The crop is eaten by over one billion world
wide. Potatoes are part of the diet of a half a billion consumers is developing countries
(Burton, 1990).
Today, potato growers face many economic challenges including foreign
competition, changes in consumers preferences, new environmental regulations, loss of
crop protection chemicals, increased input costs, new pest and disease pressures as well
as unpredictable growing conditions. These challenges resulted to the introduction of
new varieties that should be evaluated to determine if they still need improvement to
meet the changing demands of the industry and the consumers. Evaluating new varieties
of potatoes will determine if the impact of these will be profitable and sustainable
production for the grower. Varieties are released by both public and private breeders,
that is marketed in particular regions and which varieties are chosen for use by farmers
(Bolaguer, 2007).
In order to identify varieties that are adapted under Benguet condition, these must
be evaluated in the key production areas and compared with the traditional varieties. The
test of the new varieties from a range of sources under varying conditions offers the
greatest probability of identifying superior varieties with improved pest resistance, higher
yield and reduces production inputs.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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The study aimed to:
1. identify the best performing potato entry based on yield and resistance to pests
and diseases during wet season trial;
2. identify the potato entry that is best adapted under wet season trial at Loo,
Buguias condition; and
3. determine the profitability of growing the different potato entries under wet
season at Loo, Buguias.
The study was conducted from June to September 2008 at Loo, Buguias, Benguet.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation and Selection
PCARRD (1985) suggested that before planting, the first decision is to know the
best variety that is adapted to the locality to have a profitable production. Excellent
cultural management practices and favorable environmental factors may not compensate
for a poor choice of variety. Using the right variety ensures high yield and better quality
of produce.
The qualities of good stock of seed potatoes must be true to type free from
possible insect pest and diseases and seed pieces should be properly stored. Varietal
mixture and other undesirable variation will always give rise to mixed crop (PCARRD,
1985).
Accessions of Potato
Wild potatoes are important sources of genes for resistance to disease and insect
pests. A collection of wild Mexican and South America, solanum species from the US
potato Gene bank was evaluated under laboratory and/or field conditions for their
reaction to late blight ( Phytophthora infestants), Colorado Potato beetle ( CPB
Leptinotarsa decemlineata), and black leg ( Erwinia carotovora) sub species atroseptica
( Van Hall Dye) in order to identify individual genotypes with multiple resistance genes.
Late blight inoculations using aggressive isolates (US-8/ AZ and VS-11/ A1 mating
types) of P. infestant revealed a wide range of variation for resistance between and within
the accession of the wild species tested. For late blight, susceptible as well as moderately
to highly resistant genotypes were observed in all the species tested. However, at least
one accession from the three Mexicans and South America wild diploid species tested
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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showed a relative uniform high level of resistance to potato infestants. These included S.
bulbacastanum, S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum and S. circaefolium. Two accessions
from South America species S. commersonii were highly susceptible to late blight. For
the Colorado potato beetle test, only one species, S. pinu atisectum appeared uniformly
resistant to CPB under field conditions. Results of screening for blackleg resistance
showed that there were major differences between genotypes in the wild species
(Sahajdak and Uznan’s , 2003)
Potato Production
The Philippine imports about 15% of its total seed potato requirements in
accordance with government regulation while 85% comes from domestic production.
This means that the seed requirement of most potato farmer must be met by setting aside
part of their crop for the succeeding on or by procuring planting from local sources.
In Benguet, Mountain Province and other areas, it has been observed that a great
part of the seed potatoes produced locally are of poor quality, low varietal purity and are
contaminated with seed-borne diseases. These are the main causes for the prevailing low
yields in the growing areas.
To improve the situation, the government is encouraging the production of seed
potatoes in appropriate areas in Benguet following the procedure and standards set by the
Philippine-German Seed Potato Program and the seed potato certifying mechanism of the
Philippine Potato Program.
Seed potato production is currently being undertaken by selected contract farmers
in Benguet who enjoy a premium price for their produced. To participate, certain
requirements have to be met, foremost of which is that the farmer must posses sufficient
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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experience and knowledge to be able to recognized and manage such factors as seed size
and quality, soil fertility, plant density and plant nutrition, moisture supply, weed
population and other cultural factors for optimum yield of quality seed potato (free from
virus diseases and other limiting factors) prescribed by the seed certification scheme
(PCARRD, 1982).
According to Tad-awan, et al. (2008), the following agro-ecological zones in
Benguet: low mountain zone (1001 – 1500 m asl), mid-mountain zone (1501 -2000 m
asl) and high mountain zone (above 2000 m asl) were all suited for potato production. In
addition, Gonzales, et al. (2006), reported that before a clone will be released for variety,
it should be conducted in three or more locations representing the low, mid and high
elevation for wet and dry in order to obtain stable growth, yield and processing qualities.
As cited by Gayao, (1989) higher yields were obtained during dry season due to
great solar radiation and canopy cover and lower late blight infection. Likewise
Simongo, 2007 cited that the potato grows best with temperatures ranging from 17 to 22
oC and with average relative humidity requirement of 86%.
Beukema and Vander Zaag (1979) reported that light intensity used assimilation
depends on the light available and the light intercepted by the green leaves. Furthermore,
findings of Sano, (1980) revealed that large foliage develop before tuber initiation, the
ultimate potential yield will be higher. Conversely, if small foliage has developed before
tuber production, this results to lower tuber yield.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Harvesting
PCARRD (1982), reported further that the maturity period of potato vary
depending on the variety and the conditions under which crop is grown in Benguet and
Mountain Province are ready for harvest about 90 days after planting.
Losses in terms of quantity and quality can occur from the time the crop is
harvested until it is finally used because of physical, physiological or pathological causes
or combinations of these. A greater amount of the produce can reach the consumer if
harvesting and subsequent handling are done correctly.
Gayao (1989) cited that, in order to attain the best yield of potato crop should be
fully matured because the transfer of food to the leafy areas and stems to the tubers
continues until the plants are dead or have dried up and fall to the ground.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 135 m2 was thoroughly prepared and divided into three blocks. Each
block was subdivided into 8 plots measuring 1m x 5 m. Double row planting was used.
The experimental designed was laid-out following the randomized complete block design
(RCBD).
The potato entries evaluated were:
Code
Entry
Place of Collection
E1
PHIL 2.21.6.2
Philippines
E2
PHIL 5.19.2.2
Philippines
E3
CIP 380241.17
CIP
E4
CIP 573275
CIP
E5
CIP 676070
CIP
E6
Ganza (check)
CIP
E7
Granola (check)
CIP
E8
Igorota (check)
Philippines
Pre-sprouted tubers acquired from the Northern Philippine Root Crops Research
and Training Center, Benguet State University (NPRCRTC-BSU) were planted at 25 cm
x 30 cm between hills and rows (Figure1).
Before planting, chicken dung was thoroughly mixed with the soil following the
farmers practice at 1 can per plot during land preparation. Irrigation, fertilizer
application, weeding and control of pest and diseases were strictly followed.
Applications of fungicides and insecticides were stopped two weeks before the harvest.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Figure 1. Planting of the eight potato entries at Loo, Buguias
Data Gathered:
A. Meteorological data. Temperature and relative humidity were taken using a
compact hygrometer. Rainfall was taken by placing cans in the field to collect water
when precipitation occurs. The volume of water collected was measured using a beaker
and was recorded by getting the volume of the water collected.
B. Vegetative characters
1. Percent survival. This was the number of plants that survived one month after
planting and computed using the formula.
% Survival = No. of plants survived
x 100
Total number of plants planted
2. Plant vigor. This was taken at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting using the rating
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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scale by CIP (2004) as follows:
Scale
Description Remarks
1
Plants strong with robust stems and leaves and light Highly vigorous
to dark green
2
Plants are moderately strong with robust stems and Moderately vigorous
leaves are light green in color
3
Better than Vigorous
Vigorous
4
Plants are weak with few thin stems and leaves are Less vigorous
pale
5
Plants are weak with few stems and leaves are very Poor vigor
pale
3. Canopy cover. This was taken at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP) by
using a wooden frame of 120 cm x 60 cm wide and with 12 cm x 6 cm grids.
4. Initial and final plant height (cm). Plant height was measured from the base to
the tip of ten sample plants one month after planting and a week before harvesting.
5. Dry matter content (DMC). Fifty grams tubers were weighed per sample,
sliced into cubes, and oven dried at 80 oC for 48 hours. This was recorded and computed
using the following formula:
% Dry matter content (DMC) = 100% - %MC
Where:
% Moisture Content (MC) = Fresh weight – Oven dry weight x 100
Fresh Weight
B. Yield and Yield Components
6. Number and weight of marketable tubers per plot (kg). Tubers were classified
and weighed based on the following grading system:
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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a. Large tuber-weight of 90-99 grams
b. Big tubers-weight of 70-89 grams
c. Medium tubers-weight of 50-69 grams
d. Small tubers-weight of 20-49 grams
7. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers per plot (kg). This was obtained
by counting and weighing all tubers that are malformed and damaged by insect and
diseases.
8. Total yield per plot. The sum of the weight of marketable and non-marketable
tubers was recorded.
9. Computed yield (t/ha). This was the computed yield by converting the yield per
plot using the formula:
Yield t ha-1 = (Total yield/plot x 10, 000)/1000
Plot size (m2)
C. Reaction to Leaf Miner and Late Blight
10. Reaction to Leaf miner. This was taken at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP and was
rated using the scale of 1 – 5 (CIP, 2001).
Scale
Description Remarks
1
Less than 20% of the plants per plot infested
Highly Resistant
2
21-40% of the plants per plot infested
Moderately resistant
3
41-60% of the plants per plot infested
Susceptible
4
61-80% of the plants per plot infested
Moderately susceptible
5
81 – 100% of the plants per plot infested
Very susceptible
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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11. Reaction to Late blight. This was observed and recorded at 30, 45, 60 and 75
DAP using the CIP scale (Henfling, 1987).
CIP
Blight (%)
scale
value
Mean limits
Symptoms
1
0
No late blight observable
2
2.5
Traces -< 5
Late blight present. Maximum 10 lesions per
plant
3
10
5 -< 15
Plants look healthy, but lesions are easily seen at
closer distance. Maximum foliage area affected
by lesions or destroyed corresponds to more
than 20 leaflets.
4
25
15 -< 35
Late blight easily seen on most plants. About
25% of foliages is covered with lesions or
destroyed.
5
50
35 -< 65
Plot looks green; however, all plants are
affected. Lower leaves are dead. About half the
foliage area is destroyed.
6
75
65 -< 85
Plots look green with brown flecks. About 75%
of each plant is affected. Leaves of the lower
half of plants are destroyed.
7
90
85 -< 95
Plot neither predominantly green nor brown.
Only top leaves are green. Many stems have
large lesions.
8
97.5
95 -< 100
Plot is brown-colored. A few top leaves still
have some green areas. Most stems have lesions
or are dead.
9
100
All leaves and stems dead.
*The description of symptoms is based on plants with 4 stems and 10 to 12 leaves per
stem.
12. Return on Cash Expense (ROCE). This was computed by dividing the net
profit over the total cost of production multiplied by 100.
ROCE = Net profit x 100
Total cost of production
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Analysis of Data
All quantitative data was analyzed through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Significance of
difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range
Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological Data
Table 1 shows the meteorological data from July to September 2008 at Loo,
Buguias, Benguet.
Air temperature (Cº). Temperature recorded from July to September 2008 ranges
from 16 oC to 19 oC. The variability of the temperature during the conduct of the study
might be due to the variable rainfall occurrence.
Rainfall Amount (ml). Rainfall amount was noted from July to September and
the highest was recorded during the last week of August while the lowest was during the
second week of September with a rainfall amount of 1.960 L and 0.070 L, respectively.
Relative Humidity (%). Highest relative humidity was observed during 1st week
of September (81.5%) while the lowest was recorded during the 3rd week of July
(62.20%) (Table 1).
Table 1. Rainfall, temperature and relative humidity during the conduct of the study
from July to September 2008
AIR TEMP.
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
MONTH WEEK
(oC)
HUMIDITY (%)
AMOUNT (L)
July 1
19
73.40
0.25
July 2
18
72.70
0.44
July 3
17
62.20
1.25
July 4
16
80.40
0.95
August 1
16
80.40
0.79
August 2
17
81.00
1.28
August 3
17
81.00
0.91
August 4
16
80.40
1.96
September 1
18
81.50
0.47
September 2
17
81.00
0.07
September 3
16
80.40
0.99
September 4
19
73.40
0.45
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Percent Survival
Percent plant survival of the different entries of potato was not significant.
Plant Vigor
Significant differences were observed on the plant vigor of the eight potato entries
evaluated. All the entries exhibited increasing vigor from 30 to 60 DAP except for
Granola (Table 2). CIP 676070 and CIP 380241.17 had a comparable growth stand with
the Ganza (check) with a rating of 3 (moderately vigorous) at 30 DAP while PHIL
5.19.2.2 had a poor growth stand. The check variety Granola was observed to have a
decreasing plant stand from 30 to 60 DAP which might be due to early late blight
infection at 45 DAP.
Canopy Cover
Significant differences were observed on the canopy cover of the different entries
at 30, 45, 60, and 75 DAP. An increasing canopy cover was noted from 30 to 65 DAP in
most of the entries except for the check variety Granola which had no canopy cover at 60
DAP.
At 75 DAP, PHIL 2.21.6.2, PHIL 5.19.2.2 and CIP 380241.17 had significantly
the highest canopy cover but comparable with Igorota (Figure 2).
The decrease in the canopy cover in CIP 676070, CIP 573275, Ganza and Granola
could be due to the high late blight infection caused by the high amount of rainfall during
the conduct of the study.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Table 2. Percentage survival and plant vigor at 30, 45, and 60 DAP of the eight potato
entries grown at Loo, Buguias
SURVIVAL
PLANT VIGOR
(%)
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
ENTRY
30 45 60
PHIL 2.21.6.2
100
2c
4a
5a
PHIL 5.19.2.2
95
1d
4a
5a
CIP 380241.17
98
3b
4a
5a
CIP 676070
98
3b
4a
5a
CIP 573275
98
2c
4a
5a
Ganza
100
3b
4a
5a
Granola
100
4a
3b
2b
Igorota
96
2c
4a
5a
CV (%)
3.26
19.58
5.32
24.36
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Rating Scale: 1–very poor; 2– less vigorous; 3–moderately vigorous; 4-vigorous;
5 – Highly vigorous
Figure 2. Plant stand of the eight potato entries at 75 DAP
Figure2 .Plant stand of the eight potato entries at 75 DAP
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Table 3. Canopy cover at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting of the eight potato
entries grown at Loo, Buguias
CANOPY COVER
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30
45
60
75
PHIL 2.21.6.2
49bc
99a
100a
100a
PHIL 5.19.2.2
24d
45d
100a
100a
CIP 380241.17
75a
100a
100a
100a
CIP 676070
46c
86ab
100a
58b
CIP 573275
60b
100a
100a
61b
Ganza
61b
100a
100a
81ab
Granola
39c
60cd
-
-
Igorota
41c
72bc
100a
100a
CV (%)
14.56
11.04
0.23
22.35
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
- = no canopy cover
Plant Height
The potato entries had significant differences on the plant height at 30 and 90
DAP (Table 4). CIP 380241.17 significantly had the tallest plants of 282 cm but
comparable with entry 2.21.6.2 (230 cm) followed by CIP 573275 (216 cm) which was
also comparable with the check variety Granola and Ganza with respective initial plant
height of 198 cm and 191 cm. The shortest plants were recorded from PHIL 5.19.2.2.
CIP 380241.17 significantly registered the tallest final plants (895 cm) outranking
the check varieties Ganza and Granola but comparable with the check variety Igorota
(890 cm). It was observed that most of the entries are tall at 90 DAP indicating that the
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Table 4. Plant height at 30 and 90 DAP of the eight potato entries grown at Loo, Buguias
ENTRY HEIGHT
(cm)
INITIAL FINAL
PHIL 2.21.6.2
230ab
820ab
PHIL 5.19.2.2
177bc
678c
CIP 380241.17
282a
895a
CIP 676070
64d
884a
CIP 573275
198b
370d
Granola
134c
721bc
Ganza
216b
756bc
Igorota
191b
890a
CV (%)
17.25
9.45
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
entries were affected by the long photoperiods. This growth pattern in most of the entries
validated the observations of some farmers as reported by Simongo and Gayao (2006)
that during wet season, variety Solibao had tall vegetative growth, longer maturity (120
days), susceptibility to late blight and lower yield.
Dry Matter Content
Results showed significant differences on the dry matter content of the entries
grown at Loo, Buguias during the wet season trial. All the entries evaluated had high dry
matter content ranging from 21 to 23 % which was comparable with the check varieties
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Table 5. Dry matter content of the eight potato entries grown
ENTRY
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
PHIL 2.21.6.2
23a
PHIL 5.19.2.2
20ab
CIP 380241.17
21a
CIP 676070
22a
CIP 573275
23a
Ganza
21a
Granola
17b
Igorota
23a
CV (%)
9.84
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Igorota and Ganza. Granola produced the lowest dry matter content of tubers (17%).
Results showed that the dry matter content of the eight potato entries was not affected by
the adverse climatic conditions, maybe because dry matter content is attributed to its
genetic characteristics. Results validated the findings of Rastovski (1981) that dry matter
content is very important factor in potatoes, since it is mainly determined genetically and
thus, depends on the variety.
Reaction to Leaf Miner and Late Blight
Leaf miner infestation and bacterial wilt infection were not observed during the
evaluation period. This might be due to the continuous rainfall during the conduct of the
study.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Reaction to Late Blight
Entries PHIL 2.21.6.2, CIP 380241.17 and PHIL 5.19.2.2 at 30 to 60 DAP
showed high resistance to late blight which was comparable with the check variety
Igorota as reflected by their ratings ranging from 1 to 3. At 75 DAP, most of the entries
except 676070 were noted to be resistant to late blight. The check variety Granola had
shown susceptibility to late blight infection at 60 and 75 DAP with 95 to 100% damage.
Results indicate that some of the entries including the check variety Granola were
susceptible to late blight while CIP 380241.17, PHIL 5.19.2.2 and PHIL 2.21.6.2 were
resistant to the disease. Results corroborate with the findings of Gayao (1989) that
development of late blight disease was apparently faster in susceptible cultivars than in
resistant ones.
On the other hand the high infection of late blight on some of the entries might be
attributed with the prevalent occurrence of rainfall during the conduct of the study.
Ganga et al. (1987 and 1989) reported that late blight pressure was great during heavy
rains and the disease was prevalent during the wet and cool season.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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Table 6. Reaction to late blight incidence at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP of the eight potato
entries
REACTION TO LATE BLIGHT
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30 45 60 75
PHIL 2.21.6.2
1
1
1
2
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1
1
2
2
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1
2
CIP 676070
2
2
3
6
CIP 573275
1
1
2
5
Ganza
1
1
2
5
Granola
3
4
8
8
Igorota
1
1
2
3
Rating Scale: 1 –highly resistant; 2 – 3 – resistant; 4 – 5 – moderately resistant
6 – 7 - moderately susceptible; 8 – 9 – susceptible
Number of Marketable and Non-Marketable Tubers
Table 7 shows that CIP 380241.17 produced the highest number of super extra
large tubers (150) significantly out numbering the check varieties Granola and Igorota,
however, comparable with PHIL 2.21.6.2 and the check variety Ganza with a means of
106 and 120, respectively.
No significant differences were noted on the extra big and big tubers of the
different entries evaluated. On the number of marble tubers, PHIL 2.21.6.2 significantly
produced the highest number of 58 tubers but comparable with cv Igorota (44),
outnumbering the two check varieties Granola and Ganza.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
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There were no significant differences observed on the number of non-marketable
tubers of the different entries evaluated. The variability on the number of tubers on the
different entries could be associated with the genetic characteristics of the different
entries.
Weight of Marketable and Non-marketable Tubers
Weight of marketable tubers and non-marketable tubers classified according to
size at harvest are presented in Table 8 and Figure 3 and 4. Significant differences were
observed among the potato entries for the weight of super-extra large, extra large and big
tubers. Heaviest weights were observed in CIP 380241.17 (15.33 kg) for super - extra
large, PHIL 5.19.2.2 (3.13 kg) and CIP 573275 (4.55kg) for extra large and CIP 573275
(1.20 kg), CIP 380241.17 (1.27 kg) and PHIL 2.21.6.2 (1.40kg). These entries were
either significantly comparable or out yielding the check varieties. Marble-sized tubers
and non-marketable did not show significant differences among the potato entries.
The variation observed among the size classification of the different entries was
greatly affected by the genetic characteristics associated with the environmental factors.
Earlier results showed that the initial, final height and late blight was greatly affected by
the day length and rainfall, respectively while the performance of the vegetative growth
also affects the yield of the different entries.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
22
Table 7. Number of marketable and non – marketable tubers of eight potato entries at
Loo, Buguias
NUMBER OF MARKETABLE TUBERS
NUMBER OF NON-
ENTRY
SUPER
EXTRA
MARKETAB
BIG MARBLE
LE TUBERS
EXTRA-
BIG
LARGE
PHIL 2.21.6.2
106ab
65
53
58a
22
PHIL 5.19.2.2
39c
22
20
10c
7
CIP 380241.17
150a
50
27
18bc
9
CIP 676070
77bc
66
43
26bc
6
CIP 573275
89bc
107
35
28bc
24
Ganza
120ab
44
31
19bc
6
Granola
52c
40
40
34b
19
Igorota
43c
57
53
44ab
15
CV (%)
19.63
22.69
18.86
24.80
25.06
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
23
Table 8. Weight of marketable and non-marketable tubers of eight potato entries
MARKETABLE TUBERS
NON-MARKETABLE
ENTRY
(Kg 5m-2)
TUBERS
SUPER
EXTRA
BIG MARBLE
(Kg 5m-2)
EXTRA-
BIG
LARGE
PHIL 2.21.6.2
8.32bcd
2.37bc
1.40ab
0.43
0.05
PHIL 5.19.2.2
4.47d
3.13b
0.75b
0.33
0.10
CIP 380241.17
15.33a
2.47bc
1.27ab
0.45
0.37
CIP 676070
7.03cd
1.50bc
0.93b
0.35
0.55
CIP 573275
9.97bc
4.55a
1.20ab
0.47
0.40
Ganza
12.81ab
1.00c
0.50b
0.22
0.05
Granola
4.70d
2.71bc
2.13a
0.80
0.4-0
Igorota
4.10d
2.27bc
0.93b
0.27
0.22
CV (%)
15.60
14.06
13.46
13.97
13.87
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Figure 3. Harvesting of the eight potato entries grown at Loo, Buguias
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
24
2.21.6.2 5.19.2.2
380241.17 676070
573275 Ganza
Granola Igorota
Figure 4. Tubers of potato entries
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
25
Total Yield (kg/5m2) and Computed Yield (tons/ha)
Analysis revealed significant differences on the yield of the different entries of
potato (Table 9). CIP 380241.17 produced the highest total yield with 19.65 kg as
compared to the check varieties Granola (7.48) and Igorota (8.28). The rest of the entries
had a total yield ranging from 6.18 to 16.18 kg which was either comparable or
outranking the check varieties Granola (7.48 kg) and Igorota (8.28 kg).
On the computed marketable yield of the eight entries of potato, CIP 380241.17
had the highest marketable yield of 39.30 kg significantly out yielding the check varieties
Granola and Igorota with 14.97 and 16.57 t ha-1, respectively. The lowest was noted
from PHIL 5.19.2.2 with computed yield of 12.37 t ha-1 which was comparable with the
yield of the three check varieties.
Table 9. Total and computed yield of eight potato entries grown at Loo, Buguias
TOTAL YIELD
COMPUTED YIELD
ENTRY
(5 m-2)
(t ha-1)
PHIL 2.21.6.2
13.97bc
27.93bc
PHIL 5.19.2.2
6.18e
12.37e
CIP 380241.17
19.65a
39.30a
CIP 676070
11.23cd
22.47cd
CIP 573275
16.18ab
32.37ab
Granola
7.48de
14.97de
Ganza
16.08ab
32.57ab
Igorota
8.28de
16.57de
CV (%)
20.78
21.02
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
26
Return on Cash Expense
Only entry CIP 380241.17 had a positive return on cash expense while the rest of
the different entries evaluated gave a negative return. The negative return on cash
expense maybe attributed to the low yield and high late blight incidence. On the other
hand, the vegetative growth of most entries was very tall which contributes to the
increase volume of fungicides used attributing to the increased cost of production.
Reports of Simongo and Gayao (2006) stated that the very tall vegetative growth
harbored rodents, enhanced stem rot and breakage, and entailed higher labor and
pesticide costs (Table 10).
Table 10. Return on cash expense of the eight potato entries grown at Loo, Buguias
ENTRY COST
OF
MARKETABLE GROSS
NET
ROCE
PRODUC-
TUBERS
SALE
INCOME
(%)
TION (PhP) (kg/5m2)
(PhP)
(PhP)
PHIL 2.21.6.2
510.00 12.52 375.60
-73.65
-14.44
PHIL 5.19.2.2
510.00 8.68 260.00
-249.60
-48.94
CIP 380241.17
510.00 19.52 585.60
75.60
14.82
CIP 676070
510.00 9.81 294.90
-215.70
-42.29
CIP 573275
510.00 10.34 310.20
-199.80
-39.14
Granola
510.00
14.53
435.90
-74.10
-14.53
Ganza
510.00 16.19 485.70
-24.30
-4.76
Igorota
510.00 7.27 227.10
-282.90
-55.47
* Total cost of production includes cost of planting materials, insecticides, fertilizers and
labor.
* Selling price of potato tubers is based in PhP 30.00 per kilo
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
27
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted to identify the best performing potato entry based on
yield and resistance to pests and diseases; identify which entries are best adapted under
wet season at Loo, Buguias and to determine the profitability of growing different potato
entries under the wet season trial. The study was conducted at Loo, Buguias from July to
September 2008.
CIP 380241.17, PHIL 2.21.6.2, PHIL 5.19.2.2, CIP 676070 and CIP 573275 were
observed to have highly vigorous plant stand at 45 and 65 DAP. CIP 380241.17 and
PHIL 5.19.2.2 had the widest canopy cover at 75 DAP while PHIL 2.21.6.2, CIP
380241.17 was moderately resistant to late blight at 75 DAP.
CIP 380241.17 produced the highest number, heaviest weight of marketable
tubers and positive return on cash expense while the rest of the entries had negative
return on cash expense. All the entries had high dry matter content.
Conclusion
The best performing potato entries are CIP 380241.17, CIP 5732.75 and PHIL
2.21.6.2 based on yield and resistance to late blight.
CIP 380241.17, PHIL 21.6.2.2 and PHIL 573275 are best adapted at Loo, Buguias
as evidenced by its high yield, dry matter content and resistant to late blight.
In terms of profitability, CIP 380241.17 has positive return on cash expense while
the rest have negative return.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
28
Recommendation
CIP 380241.17, PHIL 2.21.6.2.2 and CIP 573275 could be recommended for wet
season planting under Loo, Buguias condition.
There should be a continuous evaluation and selection of potato entries until a
variety with stable performance will be recommended for wet season planting.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
29
LITERATURE CITED
BEUKEMA, H. P. and D. E. VAN DER ZAAAG. 1979. Potato improvement: Some
factors and facts. International Agriculture Center, Wageningen, The
Netherlands. P. 222.
BOLAGUER A. 2007. International Year of potato. Increase awareness of the
importance of potato and base farming. Retrieved December 16 from www.
Potato 2007. org/en/ Index html.
CHAIDA, S.H. 1983. Modern technology of raising field crops. New York American
Book Co., Pp. 269-270.
GANGA, Z. N., E. O.BADOL and S. GAYAO. 1989. Potato germplasm evaluation for
late
blight
resistance
at diverse highland locations during different seasons.
Research Results Presented in a series of Working Papers. Volume
11.NPRCRTC, Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp. 6-8.
GANGA, Z. N., I. C. GONZALES, E. O.BADOL, S. GAYAO and H. TORRES. 1987.
Results of potato germplasm evaluation for yield resistance to Phytopthora
infestans in the Philippine highlands. 1987. CIP Working Paper #85-11. In: The
Potato in the Southeast Asia and the Pacific Regio, Cip Region VII, c/o
PCARRD, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 157.
GAYAO, S. T. 1989. Potato (Solanum Spp.) Germplasm evaluation for late blight
(phytopthora Infestans) resistance at diverse highland locations during different
seasons. MS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 37.
GONZALES, I. C., E.T. BOTANGEN, T. D. MASNAGKAY, D. K. SIMONGO, F.S.
BALOG-AS, AND C. G. KISWA. 2006. Multilocational yield trial of potential
clones across location. BSU Research Journal , Benguet State University. P. 74.
PCARRD,1982. Benguet techno guide for potato. Published in Laguna, Philippines. P. 6,
24.
PCARRD, 1985. Highland potato techno guide, Published in Laguna. P 3.
RASTOVSKI, A. VAN ES ET AL. 1981. Storage of potatoes post-harvest behavior,
store design, storage practices, handling. Center for Agricultural Publishing and
Documentation Wageningen. P. 37.
SAHAJDAK, A.and K.B.UZNAN’s . 2003. Potato health requirements arising from EU
regulation and the treaty of accession. Retrieved on February, 2009 from
welsww. Plant physical. Org/ Cgi/content/ful/;1/119/4.1567.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
30
SANO, E., 1980. Rate of tuber production of three white potato varieties grown under
six fertility levels. MS thesis, Mountain State Agricultural College La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 5.
SIMONGO, D. K. AND B. T. GAYAO. 2006. Farmers’ variety management practices
in the production of Igorota, Solibao, and Raniag potatoes. The potato seed
production technologies in the Highland of Northern Philippines: An assessment.
Pp. 116 – 130.
TAD-AWAN, B. A., D. K. SIMONGO, E. J. D. SAGALLA, J P. PABLO, C. G.
KISWA, AND C.C. SHAGOL. 2008. Organic potatoes: Varieties and practices
in Benguet, Philippines, STVRDC-BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet, 2008. 124 pp.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
31
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Percent survival at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
100
100
100 300 100
PHIL 5.19.2.2
93
98
95 286 95
CIP 380241.17
100
100
95 295 98
CIP 676070
95
100
100 295 98
CIP 573275
100
95
100 295 98
Granola
100
100
100 300 100
Ganza
100
100
100 300 100
Igorota
100
100
88 288 96
TOTAL 788
793
778
2359
98
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
14.583
7.292
Treatment
7
68.292
9.756
0.95ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
144.083
10.292
TOTAL
23
226.958
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 3.26
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
32
Appendix Table 2a. Plant vigor at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
4
2
2 8 3
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1
2
1 4 1
CIP 380241.17
3
3
3 9 3
CIP 676070
3
3
2 8 3
CIP 573275
2
2
3 7 4
Granola
2
4
3 9 3
Ganza
1
4
4 9 3
Igorota
2
3
2 7 2
TOTAL 18
23
20
61
3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
1.083
0.542
Treatment
7
13.167
1.881
7.35**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
3.583
0.256
TOTAL
23
17.833
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 19.58
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
33
Appendix Table 2b. Plant vigor at 45 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
4
4
3 11 4
PHIL 5.19.2.2
4
4
4 12 4
CIP 380241.17
4
4
4 12 4
CIP 676070
4
4
4 12 4
CIP 573275
4
4
4 12 4
Granola
4
4
4 12 4
Ganza
3
3
3 9 3
Igorota
4
4
4 12 4
TOTAL 31
31
30
92
4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.083
0.042
Treatment
7
2.667
0.381
9.14**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
0.583
0.042
TOTAL
23
3.333
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 5.32
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
34
Appendix Table 2c. Plant vigor at 60 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
5
5
5 15 5
PHIL 5.19.2.2
5
5
5 15 5
CIP 380241.17
5
5
4 14 5
CIP 676070
5
5
4 14 5
CIP 573275
5
5
5 15 5
Granola
5
5
5 15 5
Ganza
2
2
2 6 2
Igorota
5
5
5 15 5
TOTAL 37
37
35
109
5
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.333
0.167
Treatment
7
22.625
3.232
45.25**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
1.000
0.071
TOTAL
23
23.958
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 5.88
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
35
Appendix Table 3a. Canopy cover at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
59 45 44
148
74
PHIL 5.19.2.2
32 10 31
73
37
CIP 380241.17
75 75 77
227
76
CIP 676070
54
50
33
137
69
CIP 573275
60 65 33
158
79
Granola 67
67
49
183
61
Ganza 40
40
37
117
39
Igorota 49
42
33
124
62
TOTAL 436
394
337
1167
62
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
362.333
181.167
Treatment
7
5277.833
753.976
14.47**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
729.667
52.119
TOTAL
23
6369.833
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 14.56
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
36
Appendix Table 3b. Canopy cover at 45 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
100
100
97
297
99
PHIL 5.19.2.2
47
23
65
135
45
CIP 380241.17
100
100
100
300
100
CIP 676070
96
85
79
260
87
CIP 573275
100
100
100
300
100
Granola 100
100
100
300
100
Ganza 58
63
59
180
60
Igorota 68
81
66
215
72
TOTAL 669
652
666
1987
83
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
20.583
10.292
Treatment
7
9712.625
1387.518
16.62**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
1168.750
83.482
TOTAL
23
10901.958
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 0.23
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
37
Appendix Table 3c. Canopy cover at 60 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
100
100
100
300
100
PHIL 5.19.2.2
100
100
100
300
100
CIP 380241.17
100
100
100
300
100
CIP 676070
100
100
100
300
100
CIP 573275
100
100
100
300
100
Granola
100
100
100
300
100
Ganza 0
0
0
0
0
Igorota
100
100
100
300
100
TOTAL 700
700
700
2100
100
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.083
0.042
Treatment
7
26225.292 3746.470
89915.28**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
0.583
0.042
TOTAL
23
26225.958
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 0.23
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
38
Appendix Table 3d. Canopy cover at 75 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
100
100 100
300
100
PHIL 5.19.2.2
100
100 100
300
100
CIP 380241.17
100
100
100
300 100
CIP 676070
100
90
23
173
58
CIP 573275
50
100 34
184
61
Granola 100
80
63
243
81
Ganza 0
0
0
0
0
Igorota 100
100
100
300
100
TOTAL 650
670
520
1800
75
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
1425.000
712.500
Treatment
7
25944.667 3706.381
13.36**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
3884.333
277.452
TOTAL
23
31254.000
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 19.58
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
39
Appendix Table 4a. Initial Plant height at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
285
224.5 180 180
689.5
PHIL 5.19.2.2
76.5
39
77.5
77.5 193
CIP 380241.17
338
223.5
284
284 845.5
CIP 676070
211
168
151
151 530
CIP 573275
256
167
226
226 649
Granola
217.6
169 186
186
572.6
Ganza
254
190
150
150 594
Igorota
146
175
80 80
401
TOTAL 1784.1
1356
1334.5
559.3
1784.1
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
16078.001
8039.001
Treatment
7
89460.872
12780.125
12.36**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
14477.006
1034.072
TOTAL
23
120015.859
**=Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 17.25
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
40
Appendix Table 4 b. Final Height at 75 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
881.6
882.5
694.4 2458.5 819.5
PHIL 5.19.2.2
881.5
827.3
943.5 2652.3 884.1
CIP 380241.17
885.6
859.7
938.5 2683.8
1341.9
CIP 676070
725.6
729.6
579.5 2034.7 678.2
CIP 573275
742.6
679.5
844.4 2266.5 755.5
Granola
856.6
854.4
958.4 2669.4 889.8
Ganza
254
190
150
150 594
Igorota
735.5
746.4
682.5 2164.4 721.5
TOTAL 5745.38
5939.7
6028.3
17713.4
794
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
25189.801
12594.901
Treatment
7
96957.138
13851.020
7.60**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
25197.740
1799.839
TOTAL
23
147344.740
** =Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 9.45
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
41
Appendix Table 5a. Late blight incidence at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
2 4 1
CIP 676070
2
2
2 6 2
CIP 573275
1
1
2 4 1
Granola
1
2
2 5 2
Ganza
3
3
3 9 3
Igorota
1
2
1 4 1
TOTAL 11
13
14
38
2
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
42
Appendix Table 5b. Late blight incidence at 45 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
2 4 1
CIP 676070
3
2
2 7 2
CIP 573275
1
1
2 4 1
Granola
1
2
2 5 2
Ganza
3
4
5 12 4
Igorota
1
2
1 4 1
TOTAL 12
14
16
33
2
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
43
Appendix Table 5c. Late blight incidence at 60 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
2 4 1
CIP 676070
3
3
3 9 3
CIP 573275
2
1
3 6 2
Granola
2
3 2
7
2
Ganza
8
8
8 24 8
Igorota
2
3 2
7
2
TOTAL 20
21
22
63
3
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
44
Appendix Table 5d. Late blight incidence at 75 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
2
2
2 6 2
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1
1
3 5 2
CIP 380241.17
1
2
3 6 2
CIP 676070
6
4
7 17 6
CIP 573275
7
1
6 14 5
Granola
2
7
7 16 5
Ganza
8
8
8 24 8
Igorota
3
3 4
10
3
TOTAL 30
28
40
98
4
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
45
Appendix Table 6. Number of super extra-large tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
140
79
100
319
106
PHIL 5.19.2.2
53
21
43
117
39
CIP 380241.17
126
171
154
456
150
CIP 676070
104
50
76
230
77
CIP 573275
138 93 35
266
89
Granola 164
109
88
361
120
Ganza 78
34
43
155
52
Igorota 21
30
77
128
43
TOTAL 824
587
616
2032
85
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
4178.083
2089.042
Treatment
7
33215.292 4745.042
5.50**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
12072.583
862.327
TOTAL
23
49465.958
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 19.63
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
46
Appendix Table 7. Number of extra large tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
81
56
59
196
65
PHIL 5.19.2.2
23
24
18
65
22
CIP 380241.17
47
30
74
151
50
CIP 676070
89
54
54
197
66
CIP 573275
41
106
175
322
107
Granola
42 52 39
133
44
Ganza 33
55
33
121
40
Igorota 36
83
52
111
57
TOTAL 392
460
504
1296
56
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
796.000
398.000
Treatment
7
13221.333 1888.762
2.21ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
11936.667
852.619
TOTAL
23
25954.000
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 22.69
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
47
Appendix Table 8. Number of big tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
66
74
20
160
53
PHIL 5.19.2.2
21
12
28
61
20
CIP 380241.17
45
21
16
82
27
CIP 676070
50
44
34
128
43
CIP 573275
37
35
33
105
35
Granola 31
31
31
93
31
Ganza
40 40 39
199
40
Igorota 81
56
22
159
53
TOTAL 371
313
223
987
38
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
1390.333
695.167
Treatment
7
2904.625
414.946
2.07ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
2811.000
200.786
TOTAL
23
7105.958
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 18.56
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
48
Appendix Table 9. Number of marble tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
52
51
70
137
58
PHIL 5.19.2.2
6
15
10
31
10
CIP 380241.17
11
31
12
54
18
CIP 676070
28
33
18
79
26
CIP 573275
13 41 30
84
28
Granola 16
21
20
57
19
Ganza 21
40
41
102
34
Igorota 65
12
55
132
44
TOTAL 212
244
256
676
30
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
129.333
64.667
Treatment
7
4937.333
705.333
3.57*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
2762.667
197.333
TOTAL
23
7829.333
*= Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 24.80
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
49
Appendix Table 10. Number of non-marketable tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
26
25
15
66
22
PHIL 5.19.2.2
0
16
5
21
7
CIP 380241.17
14
6
7
27
9
CIP 676070
3
11
4
18
6
CIP 573275
23
26
26
72
24
Granola 3
1
16
20
7
Ganza 16
40
2
58
19
Igorota 3
11
12
46
15
TOTAL 88
136
87
328
14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
153.583
76.792
Treatment
7
1155.333
165.048
2.07ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
1114.417
79.601
TOTAL
23
2423.333
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 21.71
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
50
Appendix Table 11. Total number of marketable tubers kg/5m2
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
339
260
249
848
283
PHIL 5.19.2.2
103
72
102
277
92
CIP 380241.17
119
253
256
628
209
CIP 676070
271
181
182
272
91
CIP 573275
229
275
273
777
259
Granola 253
213
178
644
215
Ganza 156
169
156
484
161
Igorota 203
181
206
590
197
TOTAL 1673
1604
1602
4520
188
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
408.583
204.292
Treatment
7
71506.292 10215.185
5.24**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
27272.083 1948.006
TOTAL
23
99186.958
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 21.71
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
51
Appendix Table 12. Weight of super extra-large tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
11.75
5.50
7.70 24.95 8.32
PHIL 5.19.2.2
6.10
2.10
5.20 13.40 6.70
CIP 380241.17
14.50
13.00
18.50 46.00 15.33
CIP 676070
10.25
5.00
5.85 21.10 7.03
CIP 573275
17.30
7.10
5.50 29.90
14.95
Granola
15.25
12.20
11.00 38.45 12.82
Ganza 7.95
2.75
2.340
13.04
4.35
Igorota
2.50
2.80
7.00 12.30 4.10
TOTAL 85.60
50.45
63.09
199.14
9.20
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
79.471
39.236
Treatment
7
358.598
51.228
6.98**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
102.749
7.339
TOTAL
23
539.813
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 15.60
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
52
Appendix Table 13. Weight of extra large tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
3.95
2.20
2.00
8.15
4.08
PHIL 5.19.2.2
1.10
1.10
0.80
3.00
1.50
CIP 380241.17
2.30
3.30
3.80
9.40
4.70
CIP 676070
1.50
3.10
2.50
7.10
3.55
CIP 573275
3.00
3.85
6.80
13.65
6.83
Granola 2.00
2.90
1.90
6.80
3.40
Ganza 1.40
1.85
1.25
4.50
2.25
Igorota 1.90
3.40
2.10
7.40
3.70
TOTAL 17.15
21.70
21.15
60.00
3.75
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
1.542
0.771
Treatment
7
23.922
3.417
3.58*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
13.376
0.955
TOTAL
23
14.06
*= Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 14.06
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
53
Appendix Table 14. Weight of big tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
1.70
1.80
2.90
6.40
2.13
PHIL 5.19.2.2
0.70
0.30
0.50
1.50
0.50
CIP 380241.17
1.05
0.80
0.40
2.25
0.75
CIP 676070
1.70
1.50
1.00
4.20
1.40
CIP 573275
2.25
0.80
0.55
3.60
1.20
Granola
0.90
1.10
0.80
2.80
0.93
Ganza 1.00
0.80
1.00
2.80
0.93
Igorota 2.30
0.90
0.60
3.80
1.27
TOTAL 11.6
8.00
7.75
27.35
1.14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
1.160
0.580
Treatment
7
5.163
0.738
2.80*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
3.686
0.263
TOTAL
23
10.010
*= Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 13.46
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
54
Appendix Table 15. Weight of marble tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
1.10
0.30
1.00
2.40
0.80
PHIL 5.19.2.2
0.20
0.30
0.15
0.65
0.22
CIP 380241.17
0.20
0.65
0.15
1.00
0.33
CIP 676070
0.50
0.50
0.30
1.30
0.43
CIP 573275
0.30
0.70
0.50
1.50
0.50
Granola 0.20
0.40
0.20
0.80
0.27
Ganza 0.20
0.35
0.50
1.05
0.35
Igorota 0.65
0.10
0.60
1.35
0.45
TOTAL 3.35
3.30
3.40
10.05
0.42
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.001
0.001
Treatment
7
0.674
0.096
1.42ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
0.952
0.068
TOTAL
23
1.627
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 13.97
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
55
Appendix Table 16. Weight of non-marketable tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
0.10
0.20
0.90
1.20
0.40
PHIL 5.19.2.2
0.00
0.10
0.05
0.15
0.05
CIP 380241.17
0.20
0.05
0.05
0.30
0.10
CIP 676070
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.15
0.05
CIP 573275
0.30
0.100
0.20
0.60
0.20
Granola 0.05
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.07
Ganza 1.05
0.50
0.10
1.65
0.55
Igorota 0.20
0.45
0.45
1.10
0.37
TOTAL 1.95
1.50
1.90
5.35
0.22
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.051
0.025
Treatment
7
0.695
0.099
1.41ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
0.987
0.071
TOTAL
23
1.733
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 28.63
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
56
Appendix Table 16. Total weight of marketable tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
18.50
9.80
13.60
41.90
13.97
PHIL 5.19.2.2
8.10
3.80
6.65
18.55
6.18
CIP 380241.17
18.25
17.80
22.90
58.95
19.65
CIP 676070
13.25
10.10
9.65
33.00
11.00
CIP 573275
22.75
12.45
13.35
48.55
16.18
Granola 18.25
16.60
13.90
48.75
16.25
Ganza 10.55
5.75
6.15
22.45
7.48
Igorota 7.35
7.20
10.30
24.85
8.28
TOTAL 117.00
83.50
96.50
297.00
12.38
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
77.361
38.680
Treatment
7
492.072
70.296
10.62**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
92.671
6.619
TOTAL
23
662.103
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 20.78
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
57
Appendix Table 17. Computed yield T ha-1
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
37.0
19.6
27.2
83.80
27.93
PHIL 5.19.2.2
16.0
7.6
13.3
36.90
12.30
CIP 380241.17
36.5
35.6
15.8
87.90
29.30
CIP 676070
27.9
20.2
19.3
67.40
22.47
CIP 573275
45.5
24.9
26.7
97.10
32.37
Granola 36.7
33.2
27.8
97.70
32.57
Ganza 21.1
11.5
12.3
44.90
14.97
Igorota 14.7
14.4
20.6
49.70
16.57
TOTAL 235.40
167.00
163.00
565.40
23.56
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
299.963
149.932
Treatment
7
1986.467
283.781
10.43**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
380.823
27.202
TOTAL
23
2667.153
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 21.02
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
58
Appendix Table 18. Dry matter content of potato entries
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
PHIL 2.21.6.2
24
26
20
70
23
PHIL 5.19.2.2
20
20
20
60
20
CIP 380241.17
22
22
20
64
21
CIP 676070
22
24
20
66
22
CIP 573275
22
22
25
69
23
Granola 24
18
20
62
21
Ganza 17
17
16
50
17
Igorota 20
24
24
68
23
TOTAL 171
173
165
509
21
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
4.333
2.1674
Treatment
7
98.625
14.089
3.23*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
61.00
4.357
TOTAL
23
163.958
*= Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 9.84
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet / Roderick C. Lagadan. 2009
Document Outline
- Wet Season Evaluation of Potato
Entries at Loo, Buguias Benguet.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES