BIBLIOGRAPHY TONGED, JENILYN M. MAY...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TONGED, JENILYN M. MAY 2008. Agro-morphological Characteristics of
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Seven pigeon pea accessions from Batac, Ilocos Norte and from Kapangan,
Benguet were used in this study.
The study aimed to: morphologically characterize pigeon pea accessions; to
evaluate the yield and; to identify the best performing pigeon pea accessions under
Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
Significant differences were observed on the morphological characters of the
eight pigeon pea accessions. ICPL 7035-9 was the earliest to produce flower and first to
bear pods. “Seng-ewan” produced the highest seed yield in terms of green shelled and dry
seeds and weight of 100 seeds, highest in raceme number as well as number of secondary
branches and tallest at initial and final plant height.
Accessions ICPL 87119-8 and ICPL 8863-10 had also good performance, but
“Seng-ewan” had the best growth and seed yield performance. Thus, it was highly
adaptable in Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………. i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………. ii
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………. 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ………………………………………………………
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………...
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS …………………………………………………...
16
Maturity Indices ……………………………………………………………….
16
Plant Height and Stem Characters …………………………………………….
17
Leaf Characters ………………………………………………………………..
18
Flower Characters ……………………………………………………………..
19
Pod Characters ………………………………………………………………...
21
Seed Characters ……………………………………………………………….
24
Weight of 100 Seeds ………………………………………………………….
24
Green Shelled Seed Yield ……………………………………………………..
25
Dry Seed Yield ………………………………………………………………..
25
Harvest Index …………………………………………………………………
28
Reaction to Pod Borer ………………………………………………………..
28
Reaction to Bean Rust ………………………………………………………..
29
ii
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION …………………..
31
Summary …………………………………………………………………….
31
Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………
32
Recommendation …………………………………………………………….
32
LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………...
33
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………..
35
iii
INTRODUCTION
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) belongs to family Leguminosae which is a
perennial legume shrub and locally called “cadios or cardis”. It is a grain legume of
considerable importance in India and is grown in many other tropical countries from 30
degrees North to 30 degrees South (Saxenal et al., 1983). Clearly, pigeon pea is a major
pulse crop. As reported by Theisen et al. (1978) it was selected as one of the promising
“new” crops for the United States.
This crop was ranked third behind chickpea and black gram in 1986. Pigeon pea
is used as a substitute for chick pea by poorer consumers and on a wider scale when they
are in short supply. On the other hand, pigeon pea has more limited number of traditional
use (Wallis et al, 1988). Dry pigeon peas are a well established foodstuff. Its seeds
contain 20%-25% protein, rich in carbohydrates and minerals. These also supplement the
limited supplies of animal proteins such as meat, milk, eggs and fish. As a leguminous
crop, it is effective contributor to soil Nitrogen. This plant thrives in a soil with pH 5.0-
7.0 and is sensitive to salinity.
According to past studies, the principal constraint in growing pigeon pea as major
crop is low yield (Saxenal et al, 1983). Low yield could be due to several factors. One
factor is the crop’s susceptibility to water logging, frost and insect attack (Wallis et al.,
1988).
Growers can not exactly identify variety which gives high yield with quality pods,
therefore, it is important to note some of morphological characteristics of the crops.
The morphological characterization of accessions in the collection is essential not
only to have a description of each accession but also to use this information to identify
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
2
duplicate accessions. These data should be recorded on plants from all accessions in the
collection grown under the same environment, under the same plant density, and in the
most favorable season for good plant development (Huaman, 2007).
For the purpose of characterizing a variety collection, sufficient number of traits
are included that are useful in eliminating duplicates, establishing the identity of an
accession, and assessing its agronomic and utilization potential (Rasco and Amante,
1994).
As cited by Wallis et al (1988) evaluation on pigeon pea was designed to enable
collaborating scientists to develop an understanding of the crop, and also to identify
genetic material that would fit into existing and new cropping systems.
In a germplasm collection it is important to identify possible duplicates. If
varieties are characterized, information exchange of genetic resources is more accessible
to other researchers (Borromeo et al, 1994). It is also important in the field of agriculture
for breeders, researchers to further evaluate the characteristics of existing varieties.
The objectives of the study were to:
1. to morphologically characterize pigeon pea accessions;
2. to evaluate the yield of pigeon pea accessions under Datakan, Kapangan,
Benguet; and
3. to identify the best performing pigeon pea accessions planted under Datakan,
Kapangan,Benguet.
This study was conducted at Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet from September 2007
to April 2008.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Botanical Description
Pigeon pea is an erect shrub or short lived perennial legume often grown as
annual crop. This plant is very deeply rooted, and thus tolerate prolong dry periods
between rains (AID, 1975). It has well developed tap root system, typical of
dicotyledons with lateral branching. Perhaps due to the perennial nature of the plant,
roots continue to accumulate dry matter and produce lateral through out its growth
(Salam et al, 1993). Singh (1983) cited that the length of the lateral root differs with the
variety, usually tall upright varieties produce longer and more deeply penetrating roots,
whereas spreading types produce shallower, more spreading and denser roots. Leaves are
trifoliate compound, the central leaflet longer than lateral lobes. These are densely silky
on the lower surface, stipules are small and lamina hairy with the under surface grayish
due to dense hairs. However, the intensity of the green color of leaves, leaf length, size,
shape and texture differ with the variety (Singh, 1983). Leaflets are elliptical which
measures 3-13.17cm X 1.3-5.7cm. Flowers are distinctly Papillionaceous, and are
usually grouped together at the end of branches. Flower color may be yellow or red.
Pods measures 5-8 cm long, with four to seven seeds per pod. This may be straight or
sickle-shaped with globose to ellipsoid squarish seeds. Seeds are white, cream, brown,
and purplish to almost black or mottled. On the other hand, pods and seeds may vary
from violet to green, wherein the green ones are more nutritious (PROSEA, 1999).
The maturity of this plant ranges from 95-256 days in normal conditions. With
short days, growth in length is less and flowering is accelerated (CGPRT, 1989). Growth
of pigeon pea is arrested and may cease where dry season exceeds 6 months. Under
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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grazing or cutting, they produce new shoots near ground level or along main stem
(Crowder, 1982).
As a multipurpose crop, pigeon pea is also used as a food and cover crop, the crop
is well known but ought to be promoted especially in more semi-arid regions of Indonesia
and the Philippines. It fits in small holders garden cropping and along hedges and bunds
of rice fields. The branches and stem can be used for baskets and fuels, it is often grown
as a shade crop, cover crop or wind break. (CGPRT, 1989). Pigeon pea produce “peas”
for human consumption, pod husk and leaves for animal fodder and sticks for firewood,
they are sown along contour provide extra browsing, and protein supplement for cattle
grazing natural grassland during dry season (Rocheleau et al, 1988). In traditional uses,
young leaves of the plant are used as medicine. PCARRD (1982) reported that among
agro-forest legumes, pigeon pea appears to be the most acceptable to “kaingineros” both
as productive and protective cover. Many “kainginerous” are already using pigeon pea as
a component of their agroforestry system. On the other hand, among plants used by man,
legumes rank second to grasses in terms of importance because they are one of the major
source of protein for both men and animal.
Pigeon pea plays also an important role in soil for they serve as a fertilizer and
nitrogen fixers. The greatest potential for future increases in agricultural and productivity
lies in upland or rainfed lands. As cited by Wallis et al (1998) among many other uses of
pigeon pea it is use as green manure crops that helps in replenishing soil nutrients.
Pigeon pea as one of the agro-forest legumes are of greater importance in term of
nitrogen fixation. This plant helps tremendously in generating degraded uplands,
recycling nutrients and improving soil and controlling weeds. Agro-forest legumes such
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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pigeon pea is critical to the nitrogen balance in nature because most legumes are capable
of fixing atmosphere nitrogen (PCARRD, 1982).
Characterization and Evaluation Done
on Pigeon Pea and Other Legumes
Characterization is based on agro-morphological characteristics of plants.
Standardized descriptions are used to characterize materials so that information exchange
of genetic resources is more accessible to researchers and plant breeders. Breeders could
use them as resources for exploiting new traits that is desirable and related to yield.
Characters of importance should be identified to correlate with yield and later
improvement could be done (Borromeo et al, 1994). As cited by Rasco and Amante
(1994) traits are used for characterization. However, are generally stable than other traits
and not be of maximum benefit to researcher.
Characterization data are used for the following purposes: to eliminate duplicates
in a collection; to assess the agronomic and utilization potential of an accession; to check
the accuracy of labeling in field experiments; and to serve as a basis for rouging mixtures
in multiplication on fields.
An evaluation conducted at Thailand and Indonesia confirmed that later maturing
types were not desirable in Thailand or in some production system in Indonesia owing to
excessive vegetative growth coupled with delayed maturity. On the other hand, the
production system with greatest potential for pigeon pea are short season, photo period –
insensitive types planted as wet season crops on the upper paddy or upland areas of
Northern Thailand, short season and late maturing types planted as intercrops in rubber
plantations, crop produced as a green vegetable on a small scale (Wallis et al, 1988).
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
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Rice Bean
Result on the study conducted by Ignacio (2005) on rice bean showed that
significant differences were noted among the accessions that were collected from
different municipalities of Benguet for most morphological characters except for the stem
diameter, number of nodes, inflorescence length, number of seeds per pod and pod width.
High variation within the collection was also observed for qualitative characters
such as cotyledon color, leaf shape, flower bud size, pod curvature and seed color in the
diversity analysis.
The different rice bean accessions significantly differed for number of days from
emergence to flowering, pod setting, and seed filling, likewise the accession differ in the
number of days from first flowering to last flowering. The rice bean accession from Bila,
Bokod, Benguet was the earliest to mature. It took the accessions 78 days to produce
flower. On the other hand, late maturing accessions from Tinongdan, Itogon, Benguet
flowered in 87 days. Accessions from Ambongdolan, Tublay, Benguet significantly
produced the heaviest seeds with 14.78g while Rb1 produced the lightest seeds.
On other study, Datol (2004) pointed out that Tabuk rice bean variety was the
earlier to reach harvest stage produced longer vine, longer pods and high percentage seed
germination than Sabangan, in terms of yield, Sabangan out yielded Tabuk by About
75%.
Lima Beans
A characterization and evaluation on lima bean as worked out by Sagayo (2006),
and differences were observed for number of days from emergence to flowering, pod
setting and seed filling while in number of days from flowering to first harvest most of
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
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the accessions are comparable to each other. LBO2 and LBO5 took 75 days to flower and
were the earliest to mature. LBO5 was recorded a late maturing accession. LBO6 out
performed other accessions which had the following characteristics: tallest plant at 35
DAP; longest bud; widest leaves; longest leaves; and produce the heaviest seeds.
It was observed that the eight lima bean accessions differed significantly for
morphological characters such as number of days from emergence, pod setting, seed
filling, leaf area, leaf length, pod width and length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds.
LBO6 exhibit the best performance in terms of plant height, leaf area and width, number
of flower buds per cluster, pod width and length and weight of 100 seeds
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 240 square meters was properly cleaned and divided into 24 plots.
Each plot has a measurement of 1m x 10m2. This experiment was laid-out using
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.
Treatments
The seven pigeon pea accessions were acquired from MMSU, Batac, Ilocos Norte
while the check variety (Seng-ewan) was acquired from Kapangan, Benguet.
ACCESSION
A1:
ICPL
7035-9
A2:
ICPL 8863-10
A3:
ICPL
88039
A4:
ICPL
20092-6
A5:
ICPL
87034
A6:
ICPL
87119-8
A7:
ICPL
85063-19
A8:
“Seng
ewan”
To ensure growth and yield, cultural management practices such as irrigation,
weeding, side dressing and hilling up, insects and disease control were strictly observed.
Data Gathered
The descriptors according to ICRISAT and International Board on Pant Genetic
and Resources (1993) were followed.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
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1. Maturity
a. Days to emergence. This was taken by counting the number of days from
planting to the time when at least 50% of the plants emerged.
b.Number of days from emergence to flowering. This was recorded by counting
the number of days from emergence to the time when at least 50% of the plants flowered.
c. Number of days from emergence to pod setting. This was recorded by counting
the number of days from emergence until pods were fully developed.
d. Number of days from emergence to seed filling. This was obtained by counting
the number of days from emergence until 75% of pods filled with seeds.
2. Stem Characters
a. Growth habit. This was observed when the plants are fully established and were
measured using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Erect
and
compact
2 Semi-spreading
3 Spreading
4 Trailing
b. Initial plant height (cm). The initial plant height was measured 4-6 weeks after
planting from three sample plants in each plot.
c. Final plant height (cm). The height of the plant was measured from the
cotyledon scar to tip of plants using a thread and foot ruler from three sample plants per
plot.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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d. Stem thickness (mm). The thickness of stem was measured at the mid-portion
of stem using a vernier caliper when plants are fully matured using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
3
Thin (<5mm)
5
Intermediate (5-13mm)
7
Thick (>13mm)
e. Stem color. The stem color of the plant at maturity was recorded using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Green ( yellow green group)
2
Sun red (grayed red group)
3
Purple (grayed purple group)
4
Dark purple (grayed purple)
f. Number of secondary branches. Secondary branches were taken by counting the
number of branches born on primary branches.
3. Leaf Characters
a. Leaflet shape. This was identified when most leaves unfold, using the scale
lanceolate, elliptic, narrow-elliptic, broad-elliptic, or obcordate.
b. Leaf hairiness. This was observed from the lower surface of the leaves using
the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Glabrous
2 Pubescent
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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4. Flower Characters
a. Base flower color. This was taken from the main color of the petals given the
color codes; ivory, light yellow, yellow and orange yellow.
b. Color of flower keel. Color of the keel was observed just before the flower
opens, recording whether red, purple or yellow.
c. Pattern of streaks. Pattern of flower color was taken on the dorsal side of the
flag (standard petal), whether the pattern of streaks are sparse, medium amount of streaks,
dense streaks, uniform coverage of second color.
d. Flowering pattern. This was taken just before the flower opens using the scale
determinate, semi-determinate, and indeterminate.
e. Second Flower Color. The color of streaks on dorsal side of the vaxillum (flag)
and second color of the wings and keel were taken when flower opens using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Red (red group 45A)
2
Purple (greyed purple group 186 A)
3
Yellow (Yellow- orange group 14 A)
f.
Raceme
Number. An average number of racemes were recorded when plants
starts to flower from three randomly selected plants in a row.
5. Pod Characters
a. Pod color. The main color of pods at its physical maturity were taken using the
following scale
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Green(Yellow Green Group)
2
Purple(Grayed purple Group)
3
Mixed, Green and purple
4
Dark purple(Grayed purple group)
b. Pod length (cm). A ten sample of the largest fully expanded immature pods
were picked at random from each plot and were measured from base to the tip.
c. Pod form. A ten sample of immature pods were picked at random from each
plot and were recorded whether flat or cylindrical.
d. Pod width (cm). This was measured using a ruler from the largest fully expanded
immature pods.
e. Pod hairiness. This was observed in pods whether glabrous or pubescent.
f. Pod bearing length (cm). The bearing distance of the plant was measured from the
lowest to the topmost pod on the plant.
6. Seed Characters
a. Seeds per pod. This was obtained by getting average of ten randomly selected pods
from three randomly selected plants in a row.
b. Seed color pattern. The color of the seed pattern was recorded when pods are fully
matured using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Plain
2 Mottled
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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SCALE DESCRIPTION
3 Speckled
4 Mottled
and
Speckled
5
Ringed
c. Seed shape. This was taken just after pods opened using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Oval (egg shaped)
2 Globular (pea shaped)
3
Square (angular)
4
Elongate
d. Base seed color. This was taken by recording the color of seed base using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 White
2 Cream
3 Orange
4 Light
brown
5 Reddish
brown
6 Light
gray
7 Grey
8 Purple
9 Dark
purple
10 Dark
grey
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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7. Yield and yield components
a. Weight of hundred seeds (g). This was obtained by weighing 100 seeds at 12-14%
moisture content.
b. Green-shelled seed yield. This was recorded by determining the weight of green-
shelled seeds of ten sample plants.
d. Dry seed yield. This was recorded by determining the weight of dry seeds of ten
sample plants.
8. Harvest Index. This was obtained from three randomly selected plants in each
accession using the following formula.
S1DW
HI =
RDW + S1DW + LDW + PSDW + S2DW
Where:
S1DW – Seed Dry Weight PSDW – Pod Shell Dry Weight
RDW – Root Dry Weight S2DW – Stem Dry Weight
LDW – Leaves Dry Weight
9. Pest and disease rating
a. Reaction to legume pod borer. The infestation of legume pod borer was
obtained using the following rating scale:
RATING SCALE REMARKS
DESCRIPTION
1
No infestation High resistance
2
25% of the total plants
Mild resistance
was infested
3 25-50%
of
the
total plants Moderate resistance
was infested
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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RATING SCALE REMARKS
DESCRIPTION
4 51-75%
of
the
total plants Susceptible
was infested
5
76-100% of the total plant Very susceptible
was infested
b. Reaction to bean rust. The reaction of infection of bean rust was obtained using
the following rating scale:
RATING SCALE REMARKS
DESCRIPTION
1
No infestation High resistance
2
25% of the total plants
Mild resistance
was infested
3 25-50%
of
the
total plants Moderate resistance
was infested
4 51-75%
of
the
total plants Susceptible
was infested
5
76-100% of the total plant Very susceptible
was infested
Analysis of Data
All quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
RCBD. The significance of difference among treatment means was tested using Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Maturity Indices
Days of Emergence
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences on the number of days
from sowing to emergence among the eight accessions evaluated. ICPL 20092-6, ICPL
87034 and ICPL 85063-19 were the earliest to emerge within 6 days while the rest of the
accessions emerged after five days (Table 1).
Number of Days from Emergence to Flowering
Among the eight accessions of pigeon pea observed, ICPL 7035-9 was the earliest
to bear flowers at 115 days after emergence while “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 20092-6 were
the latest as shown in Table 1.
Number of Days from Emergence to Pod Setting
Table 1 shows significant differences on the number of emergence to pod setting.
ICPL 7035-9 significantly was the earliest to produce pods but comparable with ICPL
88039. On the other hand, ICPL 20092-6 and “Seng-ewan” were the latest to produce
pods.
Number of Days from Emergence to Seed Filling
The different pigeon pea accessions significantly differed for number of days
from emergence to pod setting. ICPL 7035-9 was the first to be filled with seeds and
ICPL 20092-6 was the latest at 150 days after emergence.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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Table 1. Maturity indices of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION
NUMBER OF DAYS TO:
EMERGENCE FLOWERING POD
SETTING
SEED
FILLING
ICPL 7035-9
5
115.67f 126.00a 133.00a
ICPL 8863-10
5
126.33c 136.00d 144.67e
ICPL 88039
5
117.33e 126.67ab 135.00b
ICPL 20092-6
6
136.00a 144.00f 150.00h
ICPL 87119-8
6
117.67f
127.67b 136.33c
ICPL 87034
6
132.67b 139.00e 146.00f
ICPL 85063-19
5
120.33d 130.67c 137.67d
Seng- ewan
5
136.33a 143.33f 149.00g
CV (%)
12.63
0.57
0.49
0.24
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth Habit
Most of the accessions have erect type of growth except for accession ICPL
20092-6 which has semi-spreading type of growth.
Plant Height and Stem Characters
Initial and Final Plant Height
Table 2 shows the height of plants at 35 and 150 DAP. “Seng-ewan” was
recorded to have the tallest plants at 35 DAP with 10.2 cm but comparable with ICPL
7035-9 and ICPL 8863-10. Accession ICPL 85063-19 produced the shortest plants. At
150 DAP, “Seng-ewan” was the tallest among the accessions. Short plants were obtained
from ICPL 7035-9 but were comparable to ICPL 85063-19, ICPL 88039, ICPL 20092-6,
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
18
ICPL 87034 and ICPL 8863-10. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant
differences among the accessions.
Stem Thickness
As shown in Table 2, intermediate stems were obtained from “Seng-ewan” and
ICPL 87119-8. Most of the accessions exhibited thin stems.
Stem Color
All of the accessions exhibited green stems.
Number of Secondary Branches
The highest number of secondary branches was obtained from ICPL 20092-6 with
eight. Accessions ICPL 7035-9, ICPL 87119-8, and ICPL 8863-10 obtained the lowest
number with four branches that are comparable with ICPL 87034 and ICPL 88039.
Leaf Characters
Leaf Shape and Leaf Hairiness
“Seng-ewan”, ICPL 20092-6 and ICPL 85063-19 exhibited a broad elliptic leaf
shapes. The rest have elliptic shapes. All of the accessions have pubescent leaves.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
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Table 2. Plant height and stem characters of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION PLANT
HEIGTH
STEM
NUMBER OF
(cm)
THICKNESS 1/ SECONDARY
35 DAP
150 DAP
BRANCHES
ICPL 7035-9
7.97b 56.30c Thin 4c
ICPL 8863-10
7.90b 79.97bc Thin 4c
ICPL 88039
7.27c 65.50bc Thin 5bc
ICPL 20092-6
5.63e 56.50c Thin 8a
ICPL 87119-8
7.33c 70.43bc Intermediate 4c
ICPL 87034
6.27d 91.30ab Thin 5bc
ICPL 85063-19
7.0c 77.30bc Thin 4c
Seng- ewan
7.0c 113.77a Intermediate
6b
CV (%)
2.67
18.07
19.32
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
1/ Thin (<5mm)
Intermediate (5-13mm)
Thick (> 13mm)
Flower Characters
Color of Standard
Table 3 represents the color of standard observed in pigeon pea accessions
characterized. ICPL 7035-9 has the unique standard color of red while the remaining
accessions exhibited yellow color.
Base Flower Color and Color of Flower Keel
Base flower and flower keel color of pigeon pea accessions exhibited yellow.
Pattern of Streaks
All the accessions had medium amount of streaks.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
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Flowering Pattern
Most of the accessions exhibited a determinate type except for ICPL 20092-6 with
semi-determinate flowering pattern.
Second Flower Color
All of the accessions have yellow secondary flower color.
Raceme Number
Statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences on raceme number
among the eight pigeon pea accessions. “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 87119-8 produced the
highest number of raceme. ICPL 7035-9 has the lowest number but comparable with
ICPL 8863-10.
Table 3. Color of standard, flowering pattern and raceme number of eight pigeon pea
accessions
ACCESSION COLOR
OF
FLOWERING
RACEME NUMBER
STANDARD
PATTERN
ICPL 7035-9
Red
determinate
19d
ICPL 8863-10
Yellow
determinate
22cd
ICPL 88039
Yellow
determinate
31b
ICPL 20092-6
Yellow
semi-determinate
29b
ICPL 87119-8
Yellow
determinate
41a
ICPL 87034
Yellow
determinate
30b
ICPL 85063-19
Yellow
determinate
28bc
Seng- ewan
Yellow
determinate
46a
CV (%)
11.90
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
21
Pod Characters
Pod Color
Most of the accessions have mixed green and purple pod color while accessions
ICPL 7035-9 and ICPL 20092-6 exhibited dark purple and green color.
Pod Form
All accessions have cylindrical pods except for ICPL 7035-9 with flat pod.
Pod Hairiness
All of the accessions have pubescent pod.
Pod Length, Width and Bearing Length
Significant differences were observed among the accessions in terms of pod
length, width and bearing length (Table 4). “Seng-ewan” produced the longest pods. The
shortest pods were obtained from ICPL 87034 and ICPL 85063-19. On pod width, “Seng-
ewan” had the widest pods which were comparable with the pods of ICPL 7035-9 while
the narrowest pods were observed from the other accessions (Table 4), “Seng-ewan” has
the longest pod bearing length which measures 69 cm while the rest of the accessions
measured from 18 – 35.67 cm. Figure 1 presents the pods from eight pigeon pea
accessions.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
22
Table 4. Pod length, pod width and pod bearing length of eight pigeon pea accession
ACCESSION POD
LENGTH
POD WIDTH
POD BEARING
(cm)
(cm)
LENGTH
(cm)
ICPL 7035-9
7.57b 1.10a 32.67b
ICPL 8863-10
5.73d 0.90b 20.33b
ICPL 88039
6.50c 0.93b 33.67b
ICPL 20092-6
5.57d 0.833b 18.00b
ICPL 87119-8
6.43c 0.90b 22.00b
ICPL 87034
5.27d 0.90b 34.33b
ICPL 85063-19
5.63d 0.97b 35.67b
Seng- ewan
8.60a 1.20a 69.00a
CV (%)
4.80
7.27
39.31
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
23
ICPL 87034
SENG-EWAN
ICPL 88039
ICPL 7035-9
ICPL 8863-10
ICPL 85063-19
ICPL 20092-6
ICPL 87119-8
Fig.1. Harvested pods from eight pigeon pea accessions.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
24
Seed Characters
Number of Seeds per Pod
Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences among the accessions
for the number of seeds per pod. Numerically, more seeds were obtained from “Seng-
ewan” (Table 5).
Seed Color Pattern
ICPL 7035-9 has mottled and speckled seed; ICPL 20092-6 has speckled seed and
ICPL 8863-10, ICPL 88039, “Seng-ewan”, ICPL 87119-8, ICPL 87034 and ICPL 85063-
10 have plain seeds.
Weight of 100 Seeds
“Seng-ewan” significantly produced the heaviest weight with 14.60 g, ICPL
7035-9 and ICPL 8863-10 with 10.53 g but comparable with ICPL 88039, ICPL 87119-8
and ICPL 87034. Accession ICPL 20092-6 produced the lightest seeds (Table 5).
Differences in seed weights could be attributed to the genetic constitution of the
accessions and the size of the seeds.
Seed Shape
Most of the accessions exhibited squarish seed shape. Globular seed shapes were
observed from ICPL 7035-9, “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 20092-6, while ICPL 87119-8
exhibited an oval seed.
Base Seed Color
All of the accessions exhibited dark purple base color.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
25
Table 5. Seed characters of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSIONS NUMBER
OF WEIGTH OF
SEED COLOR
SEED SHAPE
SEEDS PER
100 SEEDS
PATTERN
POD
(g)
ICPL 7035-9
4
13.50b mottled
and globular
speckled
ICPL 8863-10
4
10.53c plain squarish
ICPL 88039
4
10.47cd plain squarish
ICPL 20092-6
4
9.30e speckled
globular
ICPL 87119-8
4
10.07cd plain oval
ICPL 87034
4
10.30cd plain Squarish
ICPL 85063-19
4
9.97d plain
Squarish
Seng- ewan
4
14.60a plain Globular
CV (%)
11.3
2.46
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Green-Shelled Seed Yield
Table 6 shows the green-seed yield of eight pigeon pea accessions. Highly
significant differences were observed. “Seng-ewan” produced the heaviest weight while
the lightest was taken from ICPL 88039.
Dry Seed Yield
The dry seed yield of eight pigeon pea accessions studied revealed that “Seng-
ewan” produced the heaviest seed followed by ICPL 87119-8.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
26
Table 6. Green-shelled seed and dry seed yield of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION GREEN-SHELLED
DRY SEED
SEEDYIELD
YIELD
(g)
(g)
ICPL 7035-9
56.17b 27.30b
ICPL 8863-10
58.07b 34.33b
ICPL 88039
35.27b 26.73b
ICPL 20092-6
42.33b 27.83b
ICPL 87119-8
115.90b 56.50a
ICPL 87034
35.77b 29.10b
ICPL 85063-19
39.47b 32.70b
Seng- ewan
255.03a 61.20a
CV (%)
74.11
27.89
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
27
SENG-EWAN
ICPL 87034
ICPL 88039
ICPL 7035-9
ICPL 8863-10
ICPL 85063-19
ICPL 20092-6
ICPL 87119-8
Fig.2. Green-shelled seeds harvested from eight pigeon pea accessions
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
28
Table 7. Harvest index of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION
HARVEST INDEX
ICPL 7035-9
0.0233ab
ICPL 8863-10
0.0200abc
ICPL 88039
0.0200abc
ICPL 20092-6
0.0167bcd
ICPL 87119-8
0.0233ab
ICPL 87034
0.0133cd
ICPL 85063-19
0.0100d
Seng- ewan
0.0267a
CV (%)
23.12
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Harvest Index
Table shows the harvest index of eight pigeon pea accessions. Highly significant
differences were observed. “Seng-ewan” obtained the highest harvest index but
comparable with ICPL 87119-8, ICPL 7035-9, ICPL 88039 and ICPL 8863-10. Lowest
harvest index was obtained from ICPL 85063-19 which is comparable with ICPL 87034
and ICPL 20092-6.
Reaction to Pod Borer
Among the eight accessions evaluated at 120 DAP, ICPL 8863-10, 88039, “Seng-
ewan”, 20092-6 and 87034 have mild resistance to pod borer. The rest of the accessions
have moderate resistance. Pod borer infestations at 135 DAP have mild resistance. At
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
29
150 DAP, no infestation was observed from Seng-ewan, ICPL 20092-6 and ICPL 87119-
8, ICPL 8863-10, ICPL 88039, ICPL 87034, ICPL 85063-19 have mild resistance.
Reaction to Bean Rust
As shown in the Table 9, bean rust was observed at 90, 120 and 150 DAP. At 90
DAP mild resistance was observed from the accessions. Moderate resistance was
observed at 120 DAP. ICPL 8863-10 and ICPL 87034 were observed to be susceptible to
bean rust at 150 DAP while the rest of the accessions were moderately resistant.
Table 8. Reaction to Pod Borer
ACCESSION REACTION
120 DAP
135 DAP
150 DAP
ICPL
7035-9
3 2 2
ICPL
8863-10
2 2 2
ICPL
88039 2 2 2
ICPL
20092-6
3 2 1
ICPL
87119-8
2 2 1
ICPL
87034 2 2 2
ICPL
85063-19
3 2 2
Seng-
ewan 2 2 1
Rating scale: 1- Highly resistant 2-Mild
resistant 3- Moderate resistant
4 – Susceptible
5- Very susceptible
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
30
Table 9. Reaction to Bean rust
ACCESSION
REACTION
90 DAP
120 DAP
150 DAP
ICPL
7035-9
1 3 3
ICPL
8863-10
1 3 4
ICPL
88039 1 3 3
ICPL
20092-6
1 3 3
ICPL
87119-8
1 3 3
ICPL
87034 1 3 3
ICPL
85063-19
1 3 3
Seng-
ewan 1 3 3
Rating scale: 1- Highly resistant
2-Mild resistant
3- Moderate resistant
4 - Susceptible
5- Very susceptible
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
31
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to morphologically characterize pigeon pea accessions;
to evaluate the yield; and to identify the best performing pigeon pea accessions under
Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
Highly significant differences were observed on days of emergence to flowering,
pod setting, seed filling, initial and final plant height, weight of 100 seeds, green seed
yield and dry seed yield.
“Seng- ewan” produced the highest green shelled seeds and dry seed yield and
weight of 100 seeds. Leaves of each accession were observed to be elliptic to broad
elliptic leaf shape. All accessions have pubescent leaf. “Seng-ewan” was the tallest at 35
and 150 DAP producing highest number of secondary branches. “Seng-ewan” and ICPL
87119-8 had indeterminate stem thickness.
Most pigeon pea accessions have determinate flowering pattern with
predominantly yellow flower. These have medium amount of streaks. Highest raceme
number was observed from “Seng-ewan”.
Pod color of pigeon pea varied from dark purple to mixed green and purple to
green. “Seng-ewan” had the longest and widest pods while ICPL 88039 had the shortest
and ICPL 20092-6 the narrowest pods. “Seng-ewan” had the highest pod bearing length.
Most of the accessions have cylindrical pod form, while ICPL 7035-9 has flat pod. All of
the accessions exhibited pubescent pods.
As to the computed harvest index, significant differences existed among the
accessions.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
32
On the occurrence of insects and diseases, pigeon pea accessions were rated as
moderately to mild resistant to pod borer. On Bean rust resistance, accessions were rated
high resistant to susceptible.
Conclusions
The pigeon pea accessions differ for some morphological characters such as pod
width, pod length and raceme number. All the accessions have mild resistance to pod
borer while moderate resistance to bean rust. “Seng-ewan” is the highest yielding
accession in terms of green-shelled seeds and dry seed yield. ICPL 87119-8 also
produced heavy seeds.
Recommendation
Based on the results, variety “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 87119-8 are recommended
for green-shelled and dry-shelled seed yield production at Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
33
LITERATURE CITED
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BORROMEO, J. H., P.L. SANCHES, E.J. QUINTANA and L.M. ENGLE. 1994.
Manual Rice Genetic Resources Conservation and Gene bank Management.
Nueva Ecija. Phil Rice Pp.22-28.
CGPRT. 1989. Plant Resources of south-East Asia I. ESCAP CGPRT Centre.Pp39-42.
CROWDER, L.V. and H.R. CHHEDA. 1982. Tropical Grassland Husbandry. London
and New York: Longman Group Limited.Pp.56, 66,125.
HUAMAN, Z. 2007. Morphologic Identification of Duplicates in Collection of Ipomoea
batatas.http://www.cipotato.org/training/materials/Sweetpotato/Sweetpotato%201
-3.asp
IBPGR/ ICRISAT. 1993. Descriptors for Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Rome
ICRAF. 2001. A Soil Fertility Kit for the South-East Asian Uplands: Soil Fertility
Matters.UP Los Baňos, Laguna Philippines. Information Support Project, UP Los
Baňos Foundation, Inc. Issue No.1.Pp.23.
IGNACIO, J. 2005. Morphologcal Characterization Evaluation and Diversity Analysis of
Indogenous Rice bean Accessions from Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.Pp. 21,27-28.
JOSE, M. C. 2004. Varietal Characterization Evaluation and Correlation Study in Bush
snap bean. BS Thesis, Benguety State Universitry. La Trinidad, Benguet.
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Baňos, Laguna. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and
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PROSEA, 1999. Kadyos: Mga Katutubong Gulay. Philippine Council for Agriculture
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RASCO, E. T. Jr. and V.P. AMANTE. 1994. Sweet potato Variety Evaluation.
Volume1. Southeast Asian Program for Potato Research and Development
(SAPPRAD).Pp.26-27.
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ROCHELEAU, D., WEBER, F. and A. FIELD-JUMA. 1988. Agroforestry in Dryland
Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agroforestry
(ICRAF).p218.
SALAM, A.M. and P.A. WAHID. 1993. Rooting Patterns of Tropical Crops. New
Delhi: Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Limitted. Pp. 78, 87.
SAGAYO, F.T. 2006. Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Lima Beans
Collected from Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State University. La Trinidad
Benguet.
SAXENAL, N.P., NATARAJAN, M. and M.S. REDDY. 1983. Symposium on Potential
Productivity of Field Crops under Different Environments. Los Baňos, Laguna,
Philippines: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Pp.
288,292-294.
SINGH, C. 1983. Modern Technique of Raising Field Crops. New Delhi: Oxford and
IBH Publishing Company. Pp 204, 205.
WALLIS, E.S., WOOLCOCK, R.F. and D.E. BYTH. 1988. Potential for Pigeon pea in
Thailand, Indonesia and Burma. Jalan Merdeka 99, Indonesia: CGPRT
Centre.
Pp 3-10.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
35
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Days of emergence
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
5 6 5 16
5.3
ICPL
8863-10
5 5 4 14
4.7
ICPL
88039
6 6 4 16
5.3
SENG-EWAN
5 6 5 16
5.3
ICPL
20092-6
6 6 5 17
5.7
ICPL
87119-8
6 5 6 17
5.7
ICPL 87034
4
5
5
14
4.7
ICPL
85063-19
6 5 6 17
5.7
TOTAL
43
44
40
127
5.3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2 3.6250
0.5179
1.16ns
2.77 4.28
Treatment
7 1.0833
0.5417
Error
14
6.2500
0.4464
TOTAL 23
10.9583
ns- not Significant
Coefficient of Variance = 12.63%
Standard
Error
=
0.3858
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
36
Appendix Table 2. Number of days from emergence to pod setting
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
126
126
126
378
126
ICPL
8863-10
137
135
136
408
136
ICPL
88039
128
127
125
380
127
SENG-EWAN
144
143
143
430
143
ICPL
20092-6
144
144
144
432
144
ICPL
87119-8
129
127
127
383
128
ICPL
87034
140 139
138
417
139
ICPL
85063-19
131
131
130
392
131
TOTAL
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2 6.5833
3.2917
379.62**
2.77
4.28
Treatment 7
1154.6667 164.9524
Error
14
6.0833
0.4345
TOTAL 23
1167.3333
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of variance = 0.49%
Standard
error
=
0.3806
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
37
Appendix Table 3. Number of days from emergence to flowering
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
I I
I
I
I
I
TOTAL MEAN
ICPL
7035-9
116
115
116
347
115.6
ICPL
8863-10
128
126
125
379
126.3
ICPL
88039
118
118
116
352
117.3
“Seng
ewan”
137
136
136
409
136.3
ICPL
87034
119
117
117
353
117.6
ICPL
87119-8
134
132
132
398
132.6
ICPL
85063-19
122
120
119
361
120.3
ICPL
20092-6
136
136
136
408
136.0
TOTAL 1010
1000
997
3007
125.3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabulated F
Variance
Freedom
Squares
Squares
F
0.05 0.01
Replication
2 11.5833 5.7917
449.59**
2.77
4.28
Treatment 7
1592.2917 227.4702
Error
14
7.0833
0.5060
TOTAL 23
1610.9583
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 0.57%
Standard
Error
=
0.4107
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
38
Appendix Table 4. Number of days from emergence to seed filling
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL 7035-9
134
133
133
400
133.33
ICPL 8863-10
145
144
145
434 144.67
ICPL 88039
135
135
135
405
135.00
SENG-EWAN
149
149
149
447
149.00
ICPL 20092-6
150
150
150
450
150.00
ICPL 87119-8
137
136
136
409
136.33
ICPL 87034
146
146
146
438
146.00
ICPL 85063-19
138
137
138
413
137.67
TOTAL
1134
1130
1132
3396 141.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
1.0000
0.5000
1112.80**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7 927.3333 132.4762
Error
14
1.6667
0.1190
TOTAL 23
930.0000
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 0.24%
Standard
Error
=
0.1992
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
39
Appendix Table 5. Initial Plant height (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
7.9
7.9
8.1
23.9
8.0
ICPL
8863-10
7.6
7.9
8.2
23.7
7.9
ICPL
88039
7.2
7.3
7.3
21.8
7.3
SENG-EWAN
10.3
10.2
10.0
30.5
10.2
ICPL
20092-6
5.4
5.9
5.6
16.9
5.6
ICPL
87119-8
7.4
7.0
7.6
22.0
7.3
ICPL 87034
6.2
6.1
6.5
18.8
6.3
ICPL
85063-19
6.9
7.1
7.0
21.0
7.0
TOTAL 58.9
59.4
60.3
178.6
7.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.1258
0.0629
138.58**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
38.3983 5.4855
Error
14
0.5542
0.0396
TOTAL 23
39.0783
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 2.67%
Standard
Error
=
0.1149
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
40
Appendix Table 6. Final plant height (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
32.3
86.6
50.0
168.9
56.3
ICPL
8863-10
75.0
81.3
83.6
239.9
80.0
ICPL
88039
51.6
72.3
72.6
196.5
65.5
SENG-EWAN
104.0
129.3
108.0
341.3
113.8
ICPL 20092-6
48.6
57.6
63.3 169.5
56.5
ICPL 87119-8
50.0
101.3
60.0 211.3
70.4
ICPL 87034
86.0
89.6
98.3
273.9
91.3
ICPL 85063-19
44.3
87.0
100.6
231.9
77.3
TOTAL 491.8
705.0
636.4
1833.2
76.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
2961.2233
1480.6117
5.82**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
7758.7133 1108.3876
Error
14
2666.9367
190.4955
TOTAL 23
13386.8733
**-highly
significant
Coefficient
of
variance
=18.07%
Standard
error
=7.9686
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
41
Appendix Table 7. Number of secondary branches
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL 7035-9
3
5 3
11
4
ICPL
8863-10
3 5 3 11
4
ICPL
88039
3 8 3 14
5
SENG-EWAN
4 7 7 18
6
ICPL
20092-6
6 10
7 23
8
ICPL
87119-8
4 6 3 13
4
ICPL 87034
5
6
5
16
5
ICPL 85063-19
3
5
3
11
4
TOTAL 31
52
34
117
4.9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
32.2500
16.1250
6.76**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
41.9583 5.9940
Error
14
12.4167 0.8869
TOTAL 23
86.6250
**-highly
significant
Coefficient
of
variance
=19.32%
Standard
error=0.5437
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
42
Appendix Table 8.Stem thickness (mm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
3 5 3 11
3.67
ICPL
8863-10
3 3 3 9 3
ICPL
88039
3 5 3 11
3.67
SENG-EWAN
5 5 5 15
5.0
ICPL
20092-6
3 5 5 13
4.33
ICPL
87119-8
3 5 5 13
4.33
ICPL
87034
5
5 3 13 4.33
ICPL
85063-19
3 5 5 13
4.33
TOTAL 28
38
32
98
4.08
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
6.3333
3.1667
1.52ns
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 7.3333
1.0476
Error
14
9.6667
0.6905
TOTAL 23
23.3333
ns – not significant
Coefficient of variance =19.94 %
Standard
error
=
0.4797
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
43
Appendix Table 9. Raceme number
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
19
22
16
57
19
ICPL
8863-10
25
26
16
67
22
ICPL
88039
28
39
25
92
31
SENG-EWAN
51
46
41
138
46
ICPL
20092-6
27 35 27 89 30
ICPL
87119-8
36
47
40
123
41
ICPL 87034
35
29
26
90
30
ICPL 85063-19
30
32
22
84
28
TOTAL 241
282
213
740
30.83
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
251.5833
125.7917
17.70**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
1667.3333 238.1905
Error
14
188.4167
13.4583
TOTAL 23
2107.3333
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of variance = 11.90 %
Standard
error
=2.1180
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
44
Appendix Table 10. Pod length (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
7.7
7.8
7.2
22.7
7.6
ICPL
8863-10
5.7
5.7
5.8
17.2
5.7
ICPL
88039
6.5
6.7
6.3
19.5
6.5
SENG-EWAN
8.2
9.1
8.5
25.8
8.6
ICPL 20092-6
5.4
5.6
5.7
16.7
5.6
ICPL
87119-8
7.0
6.0
6.3
19.3
6.4
ICPL 87034
5.2
5.2
5.4
15.8
5.3
ICPL
85063-19
5.5
5.6
5.8
16.9
5.6
TOTAL 51.2
51.7
51.0
153.9
6.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.0325
0.0163
41.68**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
27.6663 3.9523
Error
14
1.3275
0.0948
TOTAL 23
29.0263
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 4.80%
Standard
error
=
0.1778
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
45
Appendix Table 11. Pod width (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
1.2
1.2
0.9
3.3
1.10
ICPL
8863-10
0.9
0.9
0.9
2.7
0.90
ICPL
88039
1.0
0.9
0.9
2.8
0.93
SENG-EWAN
1.2
1.2
1.2
3.6
1.20
ICPL
20092-6
0.9
0.8
0.8
2.5
0.83
ICPL
87119-8
0.9
0.9
0.9
2.7
0.90
ICPL 87034
1.0
0.9
1.0
2.9
0.97
ICPL
85063-19
1.0
0.9
1.0
2.9
0.97
TOTAL 8.1
7.7
7.4
23.2
0.97
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.0308
0.0154
9.06**
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 0.3133
0.0448
Error
14
0.0692
0.0049
TOTAL 23
0.4133
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variance = 7.27%
Standard
error
=
0.0406
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
46
Appendix Table 12. Pod bearing length (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
20
51
27
98
32.67
ICPL
8863-10
13
17
31
61
20.33
ICPL
88039
23
46
32
101
33.67
SENG-EWAN
68
98
41
207
69.00
ICPL
20092-6
17 17 20 54 18.0
ICPL
87119-8
23 18 25 66 22.0
ICPL 87034
26
45
32
103
34.33
ICPL
85063-19
19
38
50
107
35.67
TOTAL 209
330
258
797
33.21
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
926.0833
463.0417
4.56**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
5434.6250 776.3750
Error
14
2385.2500
170.3750
TOTAL 23
8745.9583
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 39.31%
Standard
error
=
7.5360
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
47
Appendix Table 13. Seeds per pod
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
5 4 4 13
4
ICPL
8863-10
4 5 4 13
4
ICPL
88039
5 3 4 12
4
SENG-EWAN
6 5 5 16
5
ICPL
20092-6
4 4 4 12
4
ICPL
87119-8
4 4 4 12
4
ICPL 87034
5
4
4
13
4
ICPL
85063-19
4 4 4 12
4
TOTAL 37
33
33
103
4.29
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2 1.3333
0.6131
2.58ns
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 4.2917
0.6131
Error
14
3.3333
0.2381
TOTAL 23
8.9583
ns – not significant
Coefficient of variance = 11.37%
Standard
error
=
0.2817
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
48
Appendix Table 14. Weight of 100 seeds (g)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
13.7
13.6
13.2
40.5
13.50
ICPL
8863-10
10.3
10.8
10.5
31.6
10.53
ICPL
88039
10.4
10.2
10.8
31.6
10.53
SENG-EWAN
14.6
14.3
14.9
43.8
14.60
ICPL
20092-6
9.3
9.1
9.5
27.9
9.30
ICPL
87119-8
9.8
10.4
10.0
30.9
10.30
ICPL
87034
10.0 10.6
10.3
30.9
10.30
ICPL
85063-19
9.7
10.2
10.0
29.9
9.97
TOTAL
87.8
89.2
89.2
266.2
11.09
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.1633
0.0817
143.56**
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 74.8917 10.6988
Error
14
1.0433
0.0745
TOTAL 3 76.0983
**
-
higly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 2.46%
Standard
error
=
0.1576
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
49
Appendix Table 15. Green shelled seed yield (g)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
54.1
54.7
59.7
168.5
56.17
ICPL
8863-10
59.7
58.9
55.6
174.2
58.07
ICPL
88039
52.5
22.4
30.9
105.8
35.27
SENG-EWAN
321.7
367.4
76.0
765.1
255.03
ICPL
20092-6
3.3
32.5
71.2
127.0
42.33
ICPL
87119-8
86.8
133.4
127.5
347.7
115.90
ICPL 87034
45.8
29.9
31.6
107.3
35.77
ICPL
85063-19
24.4
44.3
49.7
118.4
39.47
TOTAL 668.3
743.5
502.2
1914.0
79.75
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication 2
3811.2475 1905.6238 4.91**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
119980.3933
17140.0562
Error
14
48909.7592
3493.5542
TOTAL 23
172701.4000
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 74.11%
Standard
error
=
34.1250
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
50
Appendix Table 16. Dry seed yield (g)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
27.4
27.1
27.4
81.9
27.30
ICPL
8863-10
34.3
37.7
31.0
103.0
34.33
ICPL
88039
40.8
15.8
23.6
80.2
26.73
SENG-EWAN
73.8
68.7
41.1
183.6
61.20
ICPL
20092-6
24.7
20.1
38.7
85.5
27.83
ICPL
87119-8
57.5
49.1
62.9
169.5
56.50
ICPL 87034
34.1
26.3
26.9
87.3
29.10
ICPL 85063-19
21.5
44.4
32.2
98.1
32.70
TOTAL
314.1
289.2
283.8
887.1
36.96
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
65.3025
32.6513
5.39**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
4012.2363 573.1766
Error
14
1488.1375
106.2955
TOTAL 23
5565.6763
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variance = 27.89%
Standard
error
=
5.955
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
51
Appendix Table 17. Harvest Index
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.023
ICPL
8863-10
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.020
ICPL
88039
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.020
SENG-EWAN
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.08
0.027
ICPL
20092-6
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.027
ICPL
87119-8
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.023
ICPL
87034
0.01 0.01
0.02
0.04
0.013
ICPL
85063-19
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.010
TOTAL 0.16
0.14
0.15
0.46
0.02
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.00010
0.00005
4.73**
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 0.00070 0.00010
Error
14
0.00030 0.00002
TOTAL 23
0.00100
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of variance = 23.12%
Standard
error
=
0.0026
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
52
Appendix Table 18. Reaction to pod borer at 120 DAP
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
3
3 3 9 3
ICPL
8863-10
2
2 2 7 2
ICPL
88039
2
3 2 7 2
SENG-EWAN
2
2 2 6 2
ICPL
20092-6
3
2 3 8 3
ICPL
87119-8
2
2 2 6 2
ICPL 87034
2
2
2
6
2
ICPL 85063-19
3
2
3
8
3
TOTAL
19
15
27
57
19
Appendix Table 19. Reaction of pod borer at 150 DAP
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
2
3 2 7 2
ICPL 8863-10
1
2
2
5
2
ICPL
88039
2
1 2 5 2
SENG-EWAN
1
1 1 3 1
ICPL 20092-6
1
1
2
4
1
ICPL 87119-8
1
1
2
4
1
ICPL 87034
2
2
2
6
2
ICPL 85063-19
2
1
2
5
2
TOTAL
12
12
15
39
2
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
53
Appendix Table 20. Reaction to bean rust at 150 DAP
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
3
3 3 9 3
ICPL 8863-10
4
4
3
11
4
ICPL
88039
3
2 3 8 3
SENG-EWAN
3
3 3 9 3
ICPL 20092-6
4
3
3
10
3
ICPL 87119-8
3
3
3
9
3
ICPL 87034
4
4
3
11
4
ICPL 85063-19
4
3
3
10
3
TOTAL
28
18
24
77
3
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
TONGED, JENILYN M. MAY 2008. Agro-morphological Characteristics of
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Seven pigeon pea accessions from Batac, Ilocos Norte and from Kapangan,
Benguet were used in this study.
The study aimed to: morphologically characterize pigeon pea accessions; to
evaluate the yield and; to identify the best performing pigeon pea accessions under
Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
Significant differences were observed on the morphological characters of the
eight pigeon pea accessions. ICPL 7035-9 was the earliest to produce flower and first to
bear pods. “Seng-ewan” produced the highest seed yield in terms of green shelled and dry
seeds and weight of 100 seeds, highest in raceme number as well as number of secondary
branches and tallest at initial and final plant height.
Accessions ICPL 87119-8 and ICPL 8863-10 had also good performance, but
“Seng-ewan” had the best growth and seed yield performance. Thus, it was highly
adaptable in Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………. i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………. ii
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………. 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ………………………………………………………
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………...
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS …………………………………………………...
16
Maturity Indices ……………………………………………………………….
16
Plant Height and Stem Characters …………………………………………….
17
Leaf Characters ………………………………………………………………..
18
Flower Characters ……………………………………………………………..
19
Pod Characters ………………………………………………………………...
21
Seed Characters ……………………………………………………………….
24
Weight of 100 Seeds ………………………………………………………….
24
Green Shelled Seed Yield ……………………………………………………..
25
Dry Seed Yield ………………………………………………………………..
25
Harvest Index …………………………………………………………………
28
Reaction to Pod Borer ………………………………………………………..
28
Reaction to Bean Rust ………………………………………………………..
29
ii
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION …………………..
31
Summary …………………………………………………………………….
31
Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………
32
Recommendation …………………………………………………………….
32
LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………...
33
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………..
35
iii
INTRODUCTION
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) belongs to family Leguminosae which is a
perennial legume shrub and locally called “cadios or cardis”. It is a grain legume of
considerable importance in India and is grown in many other tropical countries from 30
degrees North to 30 degrees South (Saxenal et al., 1983). Clearly, pigeon pea is a major
pulse crop. As reported by Theisen et al. (1978) it was selected as one of the promising
“new” crops for the United States.
This crop was ranked third behind chickpea and black gram in 1986. Pigeon pea
is used as a substitute for chick pea by poorer consumers and on a wider scale when they
are in short supply. On the other hand, pigeon pea has more limited number of traditional
use (Wallis et al, 1988). Dry pigeon peas are a well established foodstuff. Its seeds
contain 20%-25% protein, rich in carbohydrates and minerals. These also supplement the
limited supplies of animal proteins such as meat, milk, eggs and fish. As a leguminous
crop, it is effective contributor to soil Nitrogen. This plant thrives in a soil with pH 5.0-
7.0 and is sensitive to salinity.
According to past studies, the principal constraint in growing pigeon pea as major
crop is low yield (Saxenal et al, 1983). Low yield could be due to several factors. One
factor is the crop’s susceptibility to water logging, frost and insect attack (Wallis et al.,
1988).
Growers can not exactly identify variety which gives high yield with quality pods,
therefore, it is important to note some of morphological characteristics of the crops.
The morphological characterization of accessions in the collection is essential not
only to have a description of each accession but also to use this information to identify
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
2
duplicate accessions. These data should be recorded on plants from all accessions in the
collection grown under the same environment, under the same plant density, and in the
most favorable season for good plant development (Huaman, 2007).
For the purpose of characterizing a variety collection, sufficient number of traits
are included that are useful in eliminating duplicates, establishing the identity of an
accession, and assessing its agronomic and utilization potential (Rasco and Amante,
1994).
As cited by Wallis et al (1988) evaluation on pigeon pea was designed to enable
collaborating scientists to develop an understanding of the crop, and also to identify
genetic material that would fit into existing and new cropping systems.
In a germplasm collection it is important to identify possible duplicates. If
varieties are characterized, information exchange of genetic resources is more accessible
to other researchers (Borromeo et al, 1994). It is also important in the field of agriculture
for breeders, researchers to further evaluate the characteristics of existing varieties.
The objectives of the study were to:
1. to morphologically characterize pigeon pea accessions;
2. to evaluate the yield of pigeon pea accessions under Datakan, Kapangan,
Benguet; and
3. to identify the best performing pigeon pea accessions planted under Datakan,
Kapangan,Benguet.
This study was conducted at Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet from September 2007
to April 2008.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Botanical Description
Pigeon pea is an erect shrub or short lived perennial legume often grown as
annual crop. This plant is very deeply rooted, and thus tolerate prolong dry periods
between rains (AID, 1975). It has well developed tap root system, typical of
dicotyledons with lateral branching. Perhaps due to the perennial nature of the plant,
roots continue to accumulate dry matter and produce lateral through out its growth
(Salam et al, 1993). Singh (1983) cited that the length of the lateral root differs with the
variety, usually tall upright varieties produce longer and more deeply penetrating roots,
whereas spreading types produce shallower, more spreading and denser roots. Leaves are
trifoliate compound, the central leaflet longer than lateral lobes. These are densely silky
on the lower surface, stipules are small and lamina hairy with the under surface grayish
due to dense hairs. However, the intensity of the green color of leaves, leaf length, size,
shape and texture differ with the variety (Singh, 1983). Leaflets are elliptical which
measures 3-13.17cm X 1.3-5.7cm. Flowers are distinctly Papillionaceous, and are
usually grouped together at the end of branches. Flower color may be yellow or red.
Pods measures 5-8 cm long, with four to seven seeds per pod. This may be straight or
sickle-shaped with globose to ellipsoid squarish seeds. Seeds are white, cream, brown,
and purplish to almost black or mottled. On the other hand, pods and seeds may vary
from violet to green, wherein the green ones are more nutritious (PROSEA, 1999).
The maturity of this plant ranges from 95-256 days in normal conditions. With
short days, growth in length is less and flowering is accelerated (CGPRT, 1989). Growth
of pigeon pea is arrested and may cease where dry season exceeds 6 months. Under
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
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4
grazing or cutting, they produce new shoots near ground level or along main stem
(Crowder, 1982).
As a multipurpose crop, pigeon pea is also used as a food and cover crop, the crop
is well known but ought to be promoted especially in more semi-arid regions of Indonesia
and the Philippines. It fits in small holders garden cropping and along hedges and bunds
of rice fields. The branches and stem can be used for baskets and fuels, it is often grown
as a shade crop, cover crop or wind break. (CGPRT, 1989). Pigeon pea produce “peas”
for human consumption, pod husk and leaves for animal fodder and sticks for firewood,
they are sown along contour provide extra browsing, and protein supplement for cattle
grazing natural grassland during dry season (Rocheleau et al, 1988). In traditional uses,
young leaves of the plant are used as medicine. PCARRD (1982) reported that among
agro-forest legumes, pigeon pea appears to be the most acceptable to “kaingineros” both
as productive and protective cover. Many “kainginerous” are already using pigeon pea as
a component of their agroforestry system. On the other hand, among plants used by man,
legumes rank second to grasses in terms of importance because they are one of the major
source of protein for both men and animal.
Pigeon pea plays also an important role in soil for they serve as a fertilizer and
nitrogen fixers. The greatest potential for future increases in agricultural and productivity
lies in upland or rainfed lands. As cited by Wallis et al (1998) among many other uses of
pigeon pea it is use as green manure crops that helps in replenishing soil nutrients.
Pigeon pea as one of the agro-forest legumes are of greater importance in term of
nitrogen fixation. This plant helps tremendously in generating degraded uplands,
recycling nutrients and improving soil and controlling weeds. Agro-forest legumes such
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
5
pigeon pea is critical to the nitrogen balance in nature because most legumes are capable
of fixing atmosphere nitrogen (PCARRD, 1982).
Characterization and Evaluation Done
on Pigeon Pea and Other Legumes
Characterization is based on agro-morphological characteristics of plants.
Standardized descriptions are used to characterize materials so that information exchange
of genetic resources is more accessible to researchers and plant breeders. Breeders could
use them as resources for exploiting new traits that is desirable and related to yield.
Characters of importance should be identified to correlate with yield and later
improvement could be done (Borromeo et al, 1994). As cited by Rasco and Amante
(1994) traits are used for characterization. However, are generally stable than other traits
and not be of maximum benefit to researcher.
Characterization data are used for the following purposes: to eliminate duplicates
in a collection; to assess the agronomic and utilization potential of an accession; to check
the accuracy of labeling in field experiments; and to serve as a basis for rouging mixtures
in multiplication on fields.
An evaluation conducted at Thailand and Indonesia confirmed that later maturing
types were not desirable in Thailand or in some production system in Indonesia owing to
excessive vegetative growth coupled with delayed maturity. On the other hand, the
production system with greatest potential for pigeon pea are short season, photo period –
insensitive types planted as wet season crops on the upper paddy or upland areas of
Northern Thailand, short season and late maturing types planted as intercrops in rubber
plantations, crop produced as a green vegetable on a small scale (Wallis et al, 1988).
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
6
Rice Bean
Result on the study conducted by Ignacio (2005) on rice bean showed that
significant differences were noted among the accessions that were collected from
different municipalities of Benguet for most morphological characters except for the stem
diameter, number of nodes, inflorescence length, number of seeds per pod and pod width.
High variation within the collection was also observed for qualitative characters
such as cotyledon color, leaf shape, flower bud size, pod curvature and seed color in the
diversity analysis.
The different rice bean accessions significantly differed for number of days from
emergence to flowering, pod setting, and seed filling, likewise the accession differ in the
number of days from first flowering to last flowering. The rice bean accession from Bila,
Bokod, Benguet was the earliest to mature. It took the accessions 78 days to produce
flower. On the other hand, late maturing accessions from Tinongdan, Itogon, Benguet
flowered in 87 days. Accessions from Ambongdolan, Tublay, Benguet significantly
produced the heaviest seeds with 14.78g while Rb1 produced the lightest seeds.
On other study, Datol (2004) pointed out that Tabuk rice bean variety was the
earlier to reach harvest stage produced longer vine, longer pods and high percentage seed
germination than Sabangan, in terms of yield, Sabangan out yielded Tabuk by About
75%.
Lima Beans
A characterization and evaluation on lima bean as worked out by Sagayo (2006),
and differences were observed for number of days from emergence to flowering, pod
setting and seed filling while in number of days from flowering to first harvest most of
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
7
the accessions are comparable to each other. LBO2 and LBO5 took 75 days to flower and
were the earliest to mature. LBO5 was recorded a late maturing accession. LBO6 out
performed other accessions which had the following characteristics: tallest plant at 35
DAP; longest bud; widest leaves; longest leaves; and produce the heaviest seeds.
It was observed that the eight lima bean accessions differed significantly for
morphological characters such as number of days from emergence, pod setting, seed
filling, leaf area, leaf length, pod width and length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds.
LBO6 exhibit the best performance in terms of plant height, leaf area and width, number
of flower buds per cluster, pod width and length and weight of 100 seeds
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
8
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 240 square meters was properly cleaned and divided into 24 plots.
Each plot has a measurement of 1m x 10m2. This experiment was laid-out using
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.
Treatments
The seven pigeon pea accessions were acquired from MMSU, Batac, Ilocos Norte
while the check variety (Seng-ewan) was acquired from Kapangan, Benguet.
ACCESSION
A1:
ICPL
7035-9
A2:
ICPL 8863-10
A3:
ICPL
88039
A4:
ICPL
20092-6
A5:
ICPL
87034
A6:
ICPL
87119-8
A7:
ICPL
85063-19
A8:
“Seng
ewan”
To ensure growth and yield, cultural management practices such as irrigation,
weeding, side dressing and hilling up, insects and disease control were strictly observed.
Data Gathered
The descriptors according to ICRISAT and International Board on Pant Genetic
and Resources (1993) were followed.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
9
1. Maturity
a. Days to emergence. This was taken by counting the number of days from
planting to the time when at least 50% of the plants emerged.
b.Number of days from emergence to flowering. This was recorded by counting
the number of days from emergence to the time when at least 50% of the plants flowered.
c. Number of days from emergence to pod setting. This was recorded by counting
the number of days from emergence until pods were fully developed.
d. Number of days from emergence to seed filling. This was obtained by counting
the number of days from emergence until 75% of pods filled with seeds.
2. Stem Characters
a. Growth habit. This was observed when the plants are fully established and were
measured using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Erect
and
compact
2 Semi-spreading
3 Spreading
4 Trailing
b. Initial plant height (cm). The initial plant height was measured 4-6 weeks after
planting from three sample plants in each plot.
c. Final plant height (cm). The height of the plant was measured from the
cotyledon scar to tip of plants using a thread and foot ruler from three sample plants per
plot.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
10
d. Stem thickness (mm). The thickness of stem was measured at the mid-portion
of stem using a vernier caliper when plants are fully matured using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
3
Thin (<5mm)
5
Intermediate (5-13mm)
7
Thick (>13mm)
e. Stem color. The stem color of the plant at maturity was recorded using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Green ( yellow green group)
2
Sun red (grayed red group)
3
Purple (grayed purple group)
4
Dark purple (grayed purple)
f. Number of secondary branches. Secondary branches were taken by counting the
number of branches born on primary branches.
3. Leaf Characters
a. Leaflet shape. This was identified when most leaves unfold, using the scale
lanceolate, elliptic, narrow-elliptic, broad-elliptic, or obcordate.
b. Leaf hairiness. This was observed from the lower surface of the leaves using
the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Glabrous
2 Pubescent
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
11
4. Flower Characters
a. Base flower color. This was taken from the main color of the petals given the
color codes; ivory, light yellow, yellow and orange yellow.
b. Color of flower keel. Color of the keel was observed just before the flower
opens, recording whether red, purple or yellow.
c. Pattern of streaks. Pattern of flower color was taken on the dorsal side of the
flag (standard petal), whether the pattern of streaks are sparse, medium amount of streaks,
dense streaks, uniform coverage of second color.
d. Flowering pattern. This was taken just before the flower opens using the scale
determinate, semi-determinate, and indeterminate.
e. Second Flower Color. The color of streaks on dorsal side of the vaxillum (flag)
and second color of the wings and keel were taken when flower opens using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Red (red group 45A)
2
Purple (greyed purple group 186 A)
3
Yellow (Yellow- orange group 14 A)
f.
Raceme
Number. An average number of racemes were recorded when plants
starts to flower from three randomly selected plants in a row.
5. Pod Characters
a. Pod color. The main color of pods at its physical maturity were taken using the
following scale
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
12
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Green(Yellow Green Group)
2
Purple(Grayed purple Group)
3
Mixed, Green and purple
4
Dark purple(Grayed purple group)
b. Pod length (cm). A ten sample of the largest fully expanded immature pods
were picked at random from each plot and were measured from base to the tip.
c. Pod form. A ten sample of immature pods were picked at random from each
plot and were recorded whether flat or cylindrical.
d. Pod width (cm). This was measured using a ruler from the largest fully expanded
immature pods.
e. Pod hairiness. This was observed in pods whether glabrous or pubescent.
f. Pod bearing length (cm). The bearing distance of the plant was measured from the
lowest to the topmost pod on the plant.
6. Seed Characters
a. Seeds per pod. This was obtained by getting average of ten randomly selected pods
from three randomly selected plants in a row.
b. Seed color pattern. The color of the seed pattern was recorded when pods are fully
matured using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Plain
2 Mottled
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
13
SCALE DESCRIPTION
3 Speckled
4 Mottled
and
Speckled
5
Ringed
c. Seed shape. This was taken just after pods opened using the following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1
Oval (egg shaped)
2 Globular (pea shaped)
3
Square (angular)
4
Elongate
d. Base seed color. This was taken by recording the color of seed base using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 White
2 Cream
3 Orange
4 Light
brown
5 Reddish
brown
6 Light
gray
7 Grey
8 Purple
9 Dark
purple
10 Dark
grey
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
14
7. Yield and yield components
a. Weight of hundred seeds (g). This was obtained by weighing 100 seeds at 12-14%
moisture content.
b. Green-shelled seed yield. This was recorded by determining the weight of green-
shelled seeds of ten sample plants.
d. Dry seed yield. This was recorded by determining the weight of dry seeds of ten
sample plants.
8. Harvest Index. This was obtained from three randomly selected plants in each
accession using the following formula.
S1DW
HI =
RDW + S1DW + LDW + PSDW + S2DW
Where:
S1DW – Seed Dry Weight PSDW – Pod Shell Dry Weight
RDW – Root Dry Weight S2DW – Stem Dry Weight
LDW – Leaves Dry Weight
9. Pest and disease rating
a. Reaction to legume pod borer. The infestation of legume pod borer was
obtained using the following rating scale:
RATING SCALE REMARKS
DESCRIPTION
1
No infestation High resistance
2
25% of the total plants
Mild resistance
was infested
3 25-50%
of
the
total plants Moderate resistance
was infested
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
15
RATING SCALE REMARKS
DESCRIPTION
4 51-75%
of
the
total plants Susceptible
was infested
5
76-100% of the total plant Very susceptible
was infested
b. Reaction to bean rust. The reaction of infection of bean rust was obtained using
the following rating scale:
RATING SCALE REMARKS
DESCRIPTION
1
No infestation High resistance
2
25% of the total plants
Mild resistance
was infested
3 25-50%
of
the
total plants Moderate resistance
was infested
4 51-75%
of
the
total plants Susceptible
was infested
5
76-100% of the total plant Very susceptible
was infested
Analysis of Data
All quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
RCBD. The significance of difference among treatment means was tested using Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
16
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Maturity Indices
Days of Emergence
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences on the number of days
from sowing to emergence among the eight accessions evaluated. ICPL 20092-6, ICPL
87034 and ICPL 85063-19 were the earliest to emerge within 6 days while the rest of the
accessions emerged after five days (Table 1).
Number of Days from Emergence to Flowering
Among the eight accessions of pigeon pea observed, ICPL 7035-9 was the earliest
to bear flowers at 115 days after emergence while “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 20092-6 were
the latest as shown in Table 1.
Number of Days from Emergence to Pod Setting
Table 1 shows significant differences on the number of emergence to pod setting.
ICPL 7035-9 significantly was the earliest to produce pods but comparable with ICPL
88039. On the other hand, ICPL 20092-6 and “Seng-ewan” were the latest to produce
pods.
Number of Days from Emergence to Seed Filling
The different pigeon pea accessions significantly differed for number of days
from emergence to pod setting. ICPL 7035-9 was the first to be filled with seeds and
ICPL 20092-6 was the latest at 150 days after emergence.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
17
Table 1. Maturity indices of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION
NUMBER OF DAYS TO:
EMERGENCE FLOWERING POD
SETTING
SEED
FILLING
ICPL 7035-9
5
115.67f 126.00a 133.00a
ICPL 8863-10
5
126.33c 136.00d 144.67e
ICPL 88039
5
117.33e 126.67ab 135.00b
ICPL 20092-6
6
136.00a 144.00f 150.00h
ICPL 87119-8
6
117.67f
127.67b 136.33c
ICPL 87034
6
132.67b 139.00e 146.00f
ICPL 85063-19
5
120.33d 130.67c 137.67d
Seng- ewan
5
136.33a 143.33f 149.00g
CV (%)
12.63
0.57
0.49
0.24
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth Habit
Most of the accessions have erect type of growth except for accession ICPL
20092-6 which has semi-spreading type of growth.
Plant Height and Stem Characters
Initial and Final Plant Height
Table 2 shows the height of plants at 35 and 150 DAP. “Seng-ewan” was
recorded to have the tallest plants at 35 DAP with 10.2 cm but comparable with ICPL
7035-9 and ICPL 8863-10. Accession ICPL 85063-19 produced the shortest plants. At
150 DAP, “Seng-ewan” was the tallest among the accessions. Short plants were obtained
from ICPL 7035-9 but were comparable to ICPL 85063-19, ICPL 88039, ICPL 20092-6,
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
18
ICPL 87034 and ICPL 8863-10. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant
differences among the accessions.
Stem Thickness
As shown in Table 2, intermediate stems were obtained from “Seng-ewan” and
ICPL 87119-8. Most of the accessions exhibited thin stems.
Stem Color
All of the accessions exhibited green stems.
Number of Secondary Branches
The highest number of secondary branches was obtained from ICPL 20092-6 with
eight. Accessions ICPL 7035-9, ICPL 87119-8, and ICPL 8863-10 obtained the lowest
number with four branches that are comparable with ICPL 87034 and ICPL 88039.
Leaf Characters
Leaf Shape and Leaf Hairiness
“Seng-ewan”, ICPL 20092-6 and ICPL 85063-19 exhibited a broad elliptic leaf
shapes. The rest have elliptic shapes. All of the accessions have pubescent leaves.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
19
Table 2. Plant height and stem characters of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION PLANT
HEIGTH
STEM
NUMBER OF
(cm)
THICKNESS 1/ SECONDARY
35 DAP
150 DAP
BRANCHES
ICPL 7035-9
7.97b 56.30c Thin 4c
ICPL 8863-10
7.90b 79.97bc Thin 4c
ICPL 88039
7.27c 65.50bc Thin 5bc
ICPL 20092-6
5.63e 56.50c Thin 8a
ICPL 87119-8
7.33c 70.43bc Intermediate 4c
ICPL 87034
6.27d 91.30ab Thin 5bc
ICPL 85063-19
7.0c 77.30bc Thin 4c
Seng- ewan
7.0c 113.77a Intermediate
6b
CV (%)
2.67
18.07
19.32
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
1/ Thin (<5mm)
Intermediate (5-13mm)
Thick (> 13mm)
Flower Characters
Color of Standard
Table 3 represents the color of standard observed in pigeon pea accessions
characterized. ICPL 7035-9 has the unique standard color of red while the remaining
accessions exhibited yellow color.
Base Flower Color and Color of Flower Keel
Base flower and flower keel color of pigeon pea accessions exhibited yellow.
Pattern of Streaks
All the accessions had medium amount of streaks.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
20
Flowering Pattern
Most of the accessions exhibited a determinate type except for ICPL 20092-6 with
semi-determinate flowering pattern.
Second Flower Color
All of the accessions have yellow secondary flower color.
Raceme Number
Statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences on raceme number
among the eight pigeon pea accessions. “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 87119-8 produced the
highest number of raceme. ICPL 7035-9 has the lowest number but comparable with
ICPL 8863-10.
Table 3. Color of standard, flowering pattern and raceme number of eight pigeon pea
accessions
ACCESSION COLOR
OF
FLOWERING
RACEME NUMBER
STANDARD
PATTERN
ICPL 7035-9
Red
determinate
19d
ICPL 8863-10
Yellow
determinate
22cd
ICPL 88039
Yellow
determinate
31b
ICPL 20092-6
Yellow
semi-determinate
29b
ICPL 87119-8
Yellow
determinate
41a
ICPL 87034
Yellow
determinate
30b
ICPL 85063-19
Yellow
determinate
28bc
Seng- ewan
Yellow
determinate
46a
CV (%)
11.90
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
21
Pod Characters
Pod Color
Most of the accessions have mixed green and purple pod color while accessions
ICPL 7035-9 and ICPL 20092-6 exhibited dark purple and green color.
Pod Form
All accessions have cylindrical pods except for ICPL 7035-9 with flat pod.
Pod Hairiness
All of the accessions have pubescent pod.
Pod Length, Width and Bearing Length
Significant differences were observed among the accessions in terms of pod
length, width and bearing length (Table 4). “Seng-ewan” produced the longest pods. The
shortest pods were obtained from ICPL 87034 and ICPL 85063-19. On pod width, “Seng-
ewan” had the widest pods which were comparable with the pods of ICPL 7035-9 while
the narrowest pods were observed from the other accessions (Table 4), “Seng-ewan” has
the longest pod bearing length which measures 69 cm while the rest of the accessions
measured from 18 – 35.67 cm. Figure 1 presents the pods from eight pigeon pea
accessions.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
22
Table 4. Pod length, pod width and pod bearing length of eight pigeon pea accession
ACCESSION POD
LENGTH
POD WIDTH
POD BEARING
(cm)
(cm)
LENGTH
(cm)
ICPL 7035-9
7.57b 1.10a 32.67b
ICPL 8863-10
5.73d 0.90b 20.33b
ICPL 88039
6.50c 0.93b 33.67b
ICPL 20092-6
5.57d 0.833b 18.00b
ICPL 87119-8
6.43c 0.90b 22.00b
ICPL 87034
5.27d 0.90b 34.33b
ICPL 85063-19
5.63d 0.97b 35.67b
Seng- ewan
8.60a 1.20a 69.00a
CV (%)
4.80
7.27
39.31
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
23
ICPL 87034
SENG-EWAN
ICPL 88039
ICPL 7035-9
ICPL 8863-10
ICPL 85063-19
ICPL 20092-6
ICPL 87119-8
Fig.1. Harvested pods from eight pigeon pea accessions.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
24
Seed Characters
Number of Seeds per Pod
Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences among the accessions
for the number of seeds per pod. Numerically, more seeds were obtained from “Seng-
ewan” (Table 5).
Seed Color Pattern
ICPL 7035-9 has mottled and speckled seed; ICPL 20092-6 has speckled seed and
ICPL 8863-10, ICPL 88039, “Seng-ewan”, ICPL 87119-8, ICPL 87034 and ICPL 85063-
10 have plain seeds.
Weight of 100 Seeds
“Seng-ewan” significantly produced the heaviest weight with 14.60 g, ICPL
7035-9 and ICPL 8863-10 with 10.53 g but comparable with ICPL 88039, ICPL 87119-8
and ICPL 87034. Accession ICPL 20092-6 produced the lightest seeds (Table 5).
Differences in seed weights could be attributed to the genetic constitution of the
accessions and the size of the seeds.
Seed Shape
Most of the accessions exhibited squarish seed shape. Globular seed shapes were
observed from ICPL 7035-9, “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 20092-6, while ICPL 87119-8
exhibited an oval seed.
Base Seed Color
All of the accessions exhibited dark purple base color.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
25
Table 5. Seed characters of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSIONS NUMBER
OF WEIGTH OF
SEED COLOR
SEED SHAPE
SEEDS PER
100 SEEDS
PATTERN
POD
(g)
ICPL 7035-9
4
13.50b mottled
and globular
speckled
ICPL 8863-10
4
10.53c plain squarish
ICPL 88039
4
10.47cd plain squarish
ICPL 20092-6
4
9.30e speckled
globular
ICPL 87119-8
4
10.07cd plain oval
ICPL 87034
4
10.30cd plain Squarish
ICPL 85063-19
4
9.97d plain
Squarish
Seng- ewan
4
14.60a plain Globular
CV (%)
11.3
2.46
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Green-Shelled Seed Yield
Table 6 shows the green-seed yield of eight pigeon pea accessions. Highly
significant differences were observed. “Seng-ewan” produced the heaviest weight while
the lightest was taken from ICPL 88039.
Dry Seed Yield
The dry seed yield of eight pigeon pea accessions studied revealed that “Seng-
ewan” produced the heaviest seed followed by ICPL 87119-8.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
26
Table 6. Green-shelled seed and dry seed yield of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION GREEN-SHELLED
DRY SEED
SEEDYIELD
YIELD
(g)
(g)
ICPL 7035-9
56.17b 27.30b
ICPL 8863-10
58.07b 34.33b
ICPL 88039
35.27b 26.73b
ICPL 20092-6
42.33b 27.83b
ICPL 87119-8
115.90b 56.50a
ICPL 87034
35.77b 29.10b
ICPL 85063-19
39.47b 32.70b
Seng- ewan
255.03a 61.20a
CV (%)
74.11
27.89
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
27
SENG-EWAN
ICPL 87034
ICPL 88039
ICPL 7035-9
ICPL 8863-10
ICPL 85063-19
ICPL 20092-6
ICPL 87119-8
Fig.2. Green-shelled seeds harvested from eight pigeon pea accessions
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
28
Table 7. Harvest index of eight pigeon pea accessions
ACCESSION
HARVEST INDEX
ICPL 7035-9
0.0233ab
ICPL 8863-10
0.0200abc
ICPL 88039
0.0200abc
ICPL 20092-6
0.0167bcd
ICPL 87119-8
0.0233ab
ICPL 87034
0.0133cd
ICPL 85063-19
0.0100d
Seng- ewan
0.0267a
CV (%)
23.12
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Harvest Index
Table shows the harvest index of eight pigeon pea accessions. Highly significant
differences were observed. “Seng-ewan” obtained the highest harvest index but
comparable with ICPL 87119-8, ICPL 7035-9, ICPL 88039 and ICPL 8863-10. Lowest
harvest index was obtained from ICPL 85063-19 which is comparable with ICPL 87034
and ICPL 20092-6.
Reaction to Pod Borer
Among the eight accessions evaluated at 120 DAP, ICPL 8863-10, 88039, “Seng-
ewan”, 20092-6 and 87034 have mild resistance to pod borer. The rest of the accessions
have moderate resistance. Pod borer infestations at 135 DAP have mild resistance. At
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
29
150 DAP, no infestation was observed from Seng-ewan, ICPL 20092-6 and ICPL 87119-
8, ICPL 8863-10, ICPL 88039, ICPL 87034, ICPL 85063-19 have mild resistance.
Reaction to Bean Rust
As shown in the Table 9, bean rust was observed at 90, 120 and 150 DAP. At 90
DAP mild resistance was observed from the accessions. Moderate resistance was
observed at 120 DAP. ICPL 8863-10 and ICPL 87034 were observed to be susceptible to
bean rust at 150 DAP while the rest of the accessions were moderately resistant.
Table 8. Reaction to Pod Borer
ACCESSION REACTION
120 DAP
135 DAP
150 DAP
ICPL
7035-9
3 2 2
ICPL
8863-10
2 2 2
ICPL
88039 2 2 2
ICPL
20092-6
3 2 1
ICPL
87119-8
2 2 1
ICPL
87034 2 2 2
ICPL
85063-19
3 2 2
Seng-
ewan 2 2 1
Rating scale: 1- Highly resistant 2-Mild
resistant 3- Moderate resistant
4 – Susceptible
5- Very susceptible
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
30
Table 9. Reaction to Bean rust
ACCESSION
REACTION
90 DAP
120 DAP
150 DAP
ICPL
7035-9
1 3 3
ICPL
8863-10
1 3 4
ICPL
88039 1 3 3
ICPL
20092-6
1 3 3
ICPL
87119-8
1 3 3
ICPL
87034 1 3 3
ICPL
85063-19
1 3 3
Seng-
ewan 1 3 3
Rating scale: 1- Highly resistant
2-Mild resistant
3- Moderate resistant
4 - Susceptible
5- Very susceptible
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
31
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to morphologically characterize pigeon pea accessions;
to evaluate the yield; and to identify the best performing pigeon pea accessions under
Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
Highly significant differences were observed on days of emergence to flowering,
pod setting, seed filling, initial and final plant height, weight of 100 seeds, green seed
yield and dry seed yield.
“Seng- ewan” produced the highest green shelled seeds and dry seed yield and
weight of 100 seeds. Leaves of each accession were observed to be elliptic to broad
elliptic leaf shape. All accessions have pubescent leaf. “Seng-ewan” was the tallest at 35
and 150 DAP producing highest number of secondary branches. “Seng-ewan” and ICPL
87119-8 had indeterminate stem thickness.
Most pigeon pea accessions have determinate flowering pattern with
predominantly yellow flower. These have medium amount of streaks. Highest raceme
number was observed from “Seng-ewan”.
Pod color of pigeon pea varied from dark purple to mixed green and purple to
green. “Seng-ewan” had the longest and widest pods while ICPL 88039 had the shortest
and ICPL 20092-6 the narrowest pods. “Seng-ewan” had the highest pod bearing length.
Most of the accessions have cylindrical pod form, while ICPL 7035-9 has flat pod. All of
the accessions exhibited pubescent pods.
As to the computed harvest index, significant differences existed among the
accessions.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
32
On the occurrence of insects and diseases, pigeon pea accessions were rated as
moderately to mild resistant to pod borer. On Bean rust resistance, accessions were rated
high resistant to susceptible.
Conclusions
The pigeon pea accessions differ for some morphological characters such as pod
width, pod length and raceme number. All the accessions have mild resistance to pod
borer while moderate resistance to bean rust. “Seng-ewan” is the highest yielding
accession in terms of green-shelled seeds and dry seed yield. ICPL 87119-8 also
produced heavy seeds.
Recommendation
Based on the results, variety “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 87119-8 are recommended
for green-shelled and dry-shelled seed yield production at Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
33
LITERATURE CITED
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BORROMEO, J. H., P.L. SANCHES, E.J. QUINTANA and L.M. ENGLE. 1994.
Manual Rice Genetic Resources Conservation and Gene bank Management.
Nueva Ecija. Phil Rice Pp.22-28.
CGPRT. 1989. Plant Resources of south-East Asia I. ESCAP CGPRT Centre.Pp39-42.
CROWDER, L.V. and H.R. CHHEDA. 1982. Tropical Grassland Husbandry. London
and New York: Longman Group Limited.Pp.56, 66,125.
HUAMAN, Z. 2007. Morphologic Identification of Duplicates in Collection of Ipomoea
batatas.http://www.cipotato.org/training/materials/Sweetpotato/Sweetpotato%201
-3.asp
IBPGR/ ICRISAT. 1993. Descriptors for Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Rome
ICRAF. 2001. A Soil Fertility Kit for the South-East Asian Uplands: Soil Fertility
Matters.UP Los Baňos, Laguna Philippines. Information Support Project, UP Los
Baňos Foundation, Inc. Issue No.1.Pp.23.
IGNACIO, J. 2005. Morphologcal Characterization Evaluation and Diversity Analysis of
Indogenous Rice bean Accessions from Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.Pp. 21,27-28.
JOSE, M. C. 2004. Varietal Characterization Evaluation and Correlation Study in Bush
snap bean. BS Thesis, Benguety State Universitry. La Trinidad, Benguet.
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Baňos, Laguna. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and
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PROSEA, 1999. Kadyos: Mga Katutubong Gulay. Philippine Council for Agriculture
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RASCO, E. T. Jr. and V.P. AMANTE. 1994. Sweet potato Variety Evaluation.
Volume1. Southeast Asian Program for Potato Research and Development
(SAPPRAD).Pp.26-27.
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ROCHELEAU, D., WEBER, F. and A. FIELD-JUMA. 1988. Agroforestry in Dryland
Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agroforestry
(ICRAF).p218.
SALAM, A.M. and P.A. WAHID. 1993. Rooting Patterns of Tropical Crops. New
Delhi: Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Limitted. Pp. 78, 87.
SAGAYO, F.T. 2006. Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Lima Beans
Collected from Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State University. La Trinidad
Benguet.
SAXENAL, N.P., NATARAJAN, M. and M.S. REDDY. 1983. Symposium on Potential
Productivity of Field Crops under Different Environments. Los Baňos, Laguna,
Philippines: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Pp.
288,292-294.
SINGH, C. 1983. Modern Technique of Raising Field Crops. New Delhi: Oxford and
IBH Publishing Company. Pp 204, 205.
WALLIS, E.S., WOOLCOCK, R.F. and D.E. BYTH. 1988. Potential for Pigeon pea in
Thailand, Indonesia and Burma. Jalan Merdeka 99, Indonesia: CGPRT
Centre.
Pp 3-10.
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
35
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Days of emergence
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
5 6 5 16
5.3
ICPL
8863-10
5 5 4 14
4.7
ICPL
88039
6 6 4 16
5.3
SENG-EWAN
5 6 5 16
5.3
ICPL
20092-6
6 6 5 17
5.7
ICPL
87119-8
6 5 6 17
5.7
ICPL 87034
4
5
5
14
4.7
ICPL
85063-19
6 5 6 17
5.7
TOTAL
43
44
40
127
5.3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2 3.6250
0.5179
1.16ns
2.77 4.28
Treatment
7 1.0833
0.5417
Error
14
6.2500
0.4464
TOTAL 23
10.9583
ns- not Significant
Coefficient of Variance = 12.63%
Standard
Error
=
0.3858
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
36
Appendix Table 2. Number of days from emergence to pod setting
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
126
126
126
378
126
ICPL
8863-10
137
135
136
408
136
ICPL
88039
128
127
125
380
127
SENG-EWAN
144
143
143
430
143
ICPL
20092-6
144
144
144
432
144
ICPL
87119-8
129
127
127
383
128
ICPL
87034
140 139
138
417
139
ICPL
85063-19
131
131
130
392
131
TOTAL
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2 6.5833
3.2917
379.62**
2.77
4.28
Treatment 7
1154.6667 164.9524
Error
14
6.0833
0.4345
TOTAL 23
1167.3333
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of variance = 0.49%
Standard
error
=
0.3806
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
37
Appendix Table 3. Number of days from emergence to flowering
REPLICATION
ACCESSION
I I
I
I
I
I
TOTAL MEAN
ICPL
7035-9
116
115
116
347
115.6
ICPL
8863-10
128
126
125
379
126.3
ICPL
88039
118
118
116
352
117.3
“Seng
ewan”
137
136
136
409
136.3
ICPL
87034
119
117
117
353
117.6
ICPL
87119-8
134
132
132
398
132.6
ICPL
85063-19
122
120
119
361
120.3
ICPL
20092-6
136
136
136
408
136.0
TOTAL 1010
1000
997
3007
125.3
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Source of
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Computed
Tabulated F
Variance
Freedom
Squares
Squares
F
0.05 0.01
Replication
2 11.5833 5.7917
449.59**
2.77
4.28
Treatment 7
1592.2917 227.4702
Error
14
7.0833
0.5060
TOTAL 23
1610.9583
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 0.57%
Standard
Error
=
0.4107
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
38
Appendix Table 4. Number of days from emergence to seed filling
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL 7035-9
134
133
133
400
133.33
ICPL 8863-10
145
144
145
434 144.67
ICPL 88039
135
135
135
405
135.00
SENG-EWAN
149
149
149
447
149.00
ICPL 20092-6
150
150
150
450
150.00
ICPL 87119-8
137
136
136
409
136.33
ICPL 87034
146
146
146
438
146.00
ICPL 85063-19
138
137
138
413
137.67
TOTAL
1134
1130
1132
3396 141.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
1.0000
0.5000
1112.80**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7 927.3333 132.4762
Error
14
1.6667
0.1190
TOTAL 23
930.0000
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 0.24%
Standard
Error
=
0.1992
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
39
Appendix Table 5. Initial Plant height (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
7.9
7.9
8.1
23.9
8.0
ICPL
8863-10
7.6
7.9
8.2
23.7
7.9
ICPL
88039
7.2
7.3
7.3
21.8
7.3
SENG-EWAN
10.3
10.2
10.0
30.5
10.2
ICPL
20092-6
5.4
5.9
5.6
16.9
5.6
ICPL
87119-8
7.4
7.0
7.6
22.0
7.3
ICPL 87034
6.2
6.1
6.5
18.8
6.3
ICPL
85063-19
6.9
7.1
7.0
21.0
7.0
TOTAL 58.9
59.4
60.3
178.6
7.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.1258
0.0629
138.58**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
38.3983 5.4855
Error
14
0.5542
0.0396
TOTAL 23
39.0783
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 2.67%
Standard
Error
=
0.1149
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
40
Appendix Table 6. Final plant height (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
32.3
86.6
50.0
168.9
56.3
ICPL
8863-10
75.0
81.3
83.6
239.9
80.0
ICPL
88039
51.6
72.3
72.6
196.5
65.5
SENG-EWAN
104.0
129.3
108.0
341.3
113.8
ICPL 20092-6
48.6
57.6
63.3 169.5
56.5
ICPL 87119-8
50.0
101.3
60.0 211.3
70.4
ICPL 87034
86.0
89.6
98.3
273.9
91.3
ICPL 85063-19
44.3
87.0
100.6
231.9
77.3
TOTAL 491.8
705.0
636.4
1833.2
76.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
2961.2233
1480.6117
5.82**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
7758.7133 1108.3876
Error
14
2666.9367
190.4955
TOTAL 23
13386.8733
**-highly
significant
Coefficient
of
variance
=18.07%
Standard
error
=7.9686
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
41
Appendix Table 7. Number of secondary branches
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL 7035-9
3
5 3
11
4
ICPL
8863-10
3 5 3 11
4
ICPL
88039
3 8 3 14
5
SENG-EWAN
4 7 7 18
6
ICPL
20092-6
6 10
7 23
8
ICPL
87119-8
4 6 3 13
4
ICPL 87034
5
6
5
16
5
ICPL 85063-19
3
5
3
11
4
TOTAL 31
52
34
117
4.9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
32.2500
16.1250
6.76**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
41.9583 5.9940
Error
14
12.4167 0.8869
TOTAL 23
86.6250
**-highly
significant
Coefficient
of
variance
=19.32%
Standard
error=0.5437
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
42
Appendix Table 8.Stem thickness (mm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
3 5 3 11
3.67
ICPL
8863-10
3 3 3 9 3
ICPL
88039
3 5 3 11
3.67
SENG-EWAN
5 5 5 15
5.0
ICPL
20092-6
3 5 5 13
4.33
ICPL
87119-8
3 5 5 13
4.33
ICPL
87034
5
5 3 13 4.33
ICPL
85063-19
3 5 5 13
4.33
TOTAL 28
38
32
98
4.08
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
6.3333
3.1667
1.52ns
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 7.3333
1.0476
Error
14
9.6667
0.6905
TOTAL 23
23.3333
ns – not significant
Coefficient of variance =19.94 %
Standard
error
=
0.4797
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
43
Appendix Table 9. Raceme number
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
19
22
16
57
19
ICPL
8863-10
25
26
16
67
22
ICPL
88039
28
39
25
92
31
SENG-EWAN
51
46
41
138
46
ICPL
20092-6
27 35 27 89 30
ICPL
87119-8
36
47
40
123
41
ICPL 87034
35
29
26
90
30
ICPL 85063-19
30
32
22
84
28
TOTAL 241
282
213
740
30.83
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
251.5833
125.7917
17.70**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
1667.3333 238.1905
Error
14
188.4167
13.4583
TOTAL 23
2107.3333
**-
highly
significant
Coefficient of variance = 11.90 %
Standard
error
=2.1180
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
44
Appendix Table 10. Pod length (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
7.7
7.8
7.2
22.7
7.6
ICPL
8863-10
5.7
5.7
5.8
17.2
5.7
ICPL
88039
6.5
6.7
6.3
19.5
6.5
SENG-EWAN
8.2
9.1
8.5
25.8
8.6
ICPL 20092-6
5.4
5.6
5.7
16.7
5.6
ICPL
87119-8
7.0
6.0
6.3
19.3
6.4
ICPL 87034
5.2
5.2
5.4
15.8
5.3
ICPL
85063-19
5.5
5.6
5.8
16.9
5.6
TOTAL 51.2
51.7
51.0
153.9
6.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.0325
0.0163
41.68**
2.77 4.28
Treatment 7
27.6663 3.9523
Error
14
1.3275
0.0948
TOTAL 23
29.0263
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 4.80%
Standard
error
=
0.1778
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
45
Appendix Table 11. Pod width (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
1.2
1.2
0.9
3.3
1.10
ICPL
8863-10
0.9
0.9
0.9
2.7
0.90
ICPL
88039
1.0
0.9
0.9
2.8
0.93
SENG-EWAN
1.2
1.2
1.2
3.6
1.20
ICPL
20092-6
0.9
0.8
0.8
2.5
0.83
ICPL
87119-8
0.9
0.9
0.9
2.7
0.90
ICPL 87034
1.0
0.9
1.0
2.9
0.97
ICPL
85063-19
1.0
0.9
1.0
2.9
0.97
TOTAL 8.1
7.7
7.4
23.2
0.97
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.0308
0.0154
9.06**
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 0.3133
0.0448
Error
14
0.0692
0.0049
TOTAL 23
0.4133
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variance = 7.27%
Standard
error
=
0.0406
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
46
Appendix Table 12. Pod bearing length (cm)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
20
51
27
98
32.67
ICPL
8863-10
13
17
31
61
20.33
ICPL
88039
23
46
32
101
33.67
SENG-EWAN
68
98
41
207
69.00
ICPL
20092-6
17 17 20 54 18.0
ICPL
87119-8
23 18 25 66 22.0
ICPL 87034
26
45
32
103
34.33
ICPL
85063-19
19
38
50
107
35.67
TOTAL 209
330
258
797
33.21
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
926.0833
463.0417
4.56**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
5434.6250 776.3750
Error
14
2385.2500
170.3750
TOTAL 23
8745.9583
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 39.31%
Standard
error
=
7.5360
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
47
Appendix Table 13. Seeds per pod
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
5 4 4 13
4
ICPL
8863-10
4 5 4 13
4
ICPL
88039
5 3 4 12
4
SENG-EWAN
6 5 5 16
5
ICPL
20092-6
4 4 4 12
4
ICPL
87119-8
4 4 4 12
4
ICPL 87034
5
4
4
13
4
ICPL
85063-19
4 4 4 12
4
TOTAL 37
33
33
103
4.29
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2 1.3333
0.6131
2.58ns
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 4.2917
0.6131
Error
14
3.3333
0.2381
TOTAL 23
8.9583
ns – not significant
Coefficient of variance = 11.37%
Standard
error
=
0.2817
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
48
Appendix Table 14. Weight of 100 seeds (g)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
13.7
13.6
13.2
40.5
13.50
ICPL
8863-10
10.3
10.8
10.5
31.6
10.53
ICPL
88039
10.4
10.2
10.8
31.6
10.53
SENG-EWAN
14.6
14.3
14.9
43.8
14.60
ICPL
20092-6
9.3
9.1
9.5
27.9
9.30
ICPL
87119-8
9.8
10.4
10.0
30.9
10.30
ICPL
87034
10.0 10.6
10.3
30.9
10.30
ICPL
85063-19
9.7
10.2
10.0
29.9
9.97
TOTAL
87.8
89.2
89.2
266.2
11.09
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.1633
0.0817
143.56**
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 74.8917 10.6988
Error
14
1.0433
0.0745
TOTAL 3 76.0983
**
-
higly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 2.46%
Standard
error
=
0.1576
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
49
Appendix Table 15. Green shelled seed yield (g)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
54.1
54.7
59.7
168.5
56.17
ICPL
8863-10
59.7
58.9
55.6
174.2
58.07
ICPL
88039
52.5
22.4
30.9
105.8
35.27
SENG-EWAN
321.7
367.4
76.0
765.1
255.03
ICPL
20092-6
3.3
32.5
71.2
127.0
42.33
ICPL
87119-8
86.8
133.4
127.5
347.7
115.90
ICPL 87034
45.8
29.9
31.6
107.3
35.77
ICPL
85063-19
24.4
44.3
49.7
118.4
39.47
TOTAL 668.3
743.5
502.2
1914.0
79.75
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication 2
3811.2475 1905.6238 4.91**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
119980.3933
17140.0562
Error
14
48909.7592
3493.5542
TOTAL 23
172701.4000
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variance = 74.11%
Standard
error
=
34.1250
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
50
Appendix Table 16. Dry seed yield (g)
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
27.4
27.1
27.4
81.9
27.30
ICPL
8863-10
34.3
37.7
31.0
103.0
34.33
ICPL
88039
40.8
15.8
23.6
80.2
26.73
SENG-EWAN
73.8
68.7
41.1
183.6
61.20
ICPL
20092-6
24.7
20.1
38.7
85.5
27.83
ICPL
87119-8
57.5
49.1
62.9
169.5
56.50
ICPL 87034
34.1
26.3
26.9
87.3
29.10
ICPL 85063-19
21.5
44.4
32.2
98.1
32.70
TOTAL
314.1
289.2
283.8
887.1
36.96
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
65.3025
32.6513
5.39**
2.76 4.28
Treatment 7
4012.2363 573.1766
Error
14
1488.1375
106.2955
TOTAL 23
5565.6763
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variance = 27.89%
Standard
error
=
5.955
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
51
Appendix Table 17. Harvest Index
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.023
ICPL
8863-10
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.020
ICPL
88039
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.020
SENG-EWAN
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.08
0.027
ICPL
20092-6
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.027
ICPL
87119-8
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.023
ICPL
87034
0.01 0.01
0.02
0.04
0.013
ICPL
85063-19
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.010
TOTAL 0.16
0.14
0.15
0.46
0.02
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN OF
COMPUTED TABULAR F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
VARIANCE FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.00010
0.00005
4.73**
2.76 4.28
Treatment
7 0.00070 0.00010
Error
14
0.00030 0.00002
TOTAL 23
0.00100
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of variance = 23.12%
Standard
error
=
0.0026
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
52
Appendix Table 18. Reaction to pod borer at 120 DAP
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
3
3 3 9 3
ICPL
8863-10
2
2 2 7 2
ICPL
88039
2
3 2 7 2
SENG-EWAN
2
2 2 6 2
ICPL
20092-6
3
2 3 8 3
ICPL
87119-8
2
2 2 6 2
ICPL 87034
2
2
2
6
2
ICPL 85063-19
3
2
3
8
3
TOTAL
19
15
27
57
19
Appendix Table 19. Reaction of pod borer at 150 DAP
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
2
3 2 7 2
ICPL 8863-10
1
2
2
5
2
ICPL
88039
2
1 2 5 2
SENG-EWAN
1
1 1 3 1
ICPL 20092-6
1
1
2
4
1
ICPL 87119-8
1
1
2
4
1
ICPL 87034
2
2
2
6
2
ICPL 85063-19
2
1
2
5
2
TOTAL
12
12
15
39
2
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
53
Appendix Table 20. Reaction to bean rust at 150 DAP
ACCESSION
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
ICPL
7035-9
3
3 3 9 3
ICPL 8863-10
4
4
3
11
4
ICPL
88039
3
2 3 8 3
SENG-EWAN
3
3 3 9 3
ICPL 20092-6
4
3
3
10
3
ICPL 87119-8
3
3
3
9
3
ICPL 87034
4
4
3
11
4
ICPL 85063-19
4
3
3
10
3
TOTAL
28
18
24
77
3
Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions
Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet / Jenilyn M. Tonged. 2008
Document Outline
- Agro-morphological Characteristics of
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Accessions Under Datakan, Kapangan, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES