BIBLIOGRAPHY YANO, VIONA T. APRIL 2009. Wet...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
YANO, VIONA T. APRIL 2009. Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at
Madaymen, Kibungan. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Esther Josephine D. Sagalla, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify the best performing potato entry based on
yield and resistance to late blight during the wet season; identify the potato entries which
are best adapted during the wet season at Madaymen, Kibungan, and to determine the
profitability of growing the different potato entries during the wet season at Madaymen,
Kibungan.
Phil 2.21.6.2 had the highest percent survival, highly vigorous, and produced the
highest number and heaviest weight of marketable and non-marketable tubers.
Furthermore, Phil 2.21.6.2 was resistant to late blight despite the adverse climatic
condition.
Phil 2.21.6.2, however had a negative return on cash expense but may still be
recommended for wet season planting at Madaymen, Kibungan if provided with proper
management practices.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..
i
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………….
ii
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………………
3
Potato Production in the Philippines…………………………………………….
3
Soil and Temperature Requirement……………………………………………...
4
Principles of Varietal Evaluation………………………………………………..
4
Importance of Varietal Evaluation………………………………………………
5
Varietal Adaptation and Selection……………………………………………….
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………..
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………
13
Rainfall, Temperature, Relative, Humidity……………………………………..
13
Percent Survival…………………………………………………………………
14
Plant Vigor……………………………………………………………………….
14
Canopy Cover……………………………………………………………………
14
Initial and final plant height……………………………………………………..
17
Reaction to Late blight…………………………………………………………..
18
Reaction to Leaf miner and Bacterial wilt …………………………………….
18
Number and Weight of Marketable
Tubers……………………………………………
19
ii
Number and Weight of Non- marketable
Tubers…………………………………………………………………………..
20
Total Yield and Computed Yield
Per Hectare……………………………………………………………………...
22
Dry Matter Content of Tubers………………………………………………….
23
Return on Cash Expense………………………………………………………...
23
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………...
26
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………………..
28
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………..
30
iii
INTRODUCTION
Potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the tuber crops grown in the Philippines
particularly in Benguet and Mountain Province (PCARRD, 1982).
Potato production in these areas has not yet reached its maximum production.
One reason for the low potato production is the lack of potato varieties that are adapted to
the wet season to ensure year-round supply. Potatoes during the wet season are prone to
rotting and low yield. Another reason is the use of potato varieties that are low yielding
and did not undergo the evaluation process. Still other reason might be the early
occurrence of diseases such as late blight and bacterial wilt. These diseases affect the
growth of plants and may lead to unsuccessful production. The unsuitableness of some
potato varieties to their growing environment may also contribute to the low production
(PCARRD, 1982).
In order to have a continuous supply of better quality potatoes, selection of potato
varieties that have shown good yields and resistance to pests and disease during the wet
season should be continuously employed.
Using the right variety ensures a high yield and better quality of produce. Thus,
introduction of different potato varieties that are high yielding, not susceptible to pests
and disease, and maybe grown during the wet season will help the potato growers to
increase their production.
The outcome of this study, will serve as a guide to the farmer in selecting and
growing potato varieties for better production at Madaymen, Kibungan.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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The study aimed to:
1. identify the best performing potato entry based on yield and resistance to pests
and disease during the wet season;
2. identify the potato entry that is best adapted during the wet season at
Madaymen, Kibungan; and
3. determine the profitability of growing the different potato entries during the
wet season at Madaymen, Kibungan.
The study was conducted from June to September 2008 at Madaymen, Kibungan,
Benguet.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Potato Production in the Philippines
Potato is one of the major root crops cultivated in Benguet and Mountain
Province. At present potato production has not yet reached the maximum production
(Gayao, ., 1989). In the Philippines, the demand of the potatoes continues to increase
because of the growing population rise in the number of fast food chains, hotels,
restaurants and pre-service of local potato based snack food manufacturers (PCARRD,
1985).
One major problem in potato production is the poor quality of potato varieties
which are low yielding, susceptible to pests and diseases, and not adapted to the locality.
To address this problem research institution look for high yielding varieties, resistant to
pests and diseases, and best adapted under different locations and conditions (PCARRD,
1985). Likewise, according to Ganga,
et al.,(1987 ) chemical control with fungicides in
the Philippines ensued because almost all commercial potato cultivars lack sufficient
resistance to late blight.
Tad-awan,
et al., ( 2008), cited that the potato growing area in the Philippines is
represented by a variety of agro-ecological conditions that favors the production of high
value vegetables crops that are globally competitive. It has the unique cool climate
favoring the production of temperate vegetables such as cabbage and potato.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Soil and Temperature Requirement
The environment for growing potatoes markedly affects the yield. Aside from
production technology, the highlands obtained high yields due to favorable temperature.
Simongo, (2007) reported that the major potato production in the Philippines is
concentrated in high elevations with a temperature below 21 oC, which is suitable for
growth and development of quality potato tubers. The potato has wide range of soil
adaptation. For optimum, yields, a deep well drained loam or sandy loam with a soil pH
of 5.5 to 6.0 is required for temperate cultivars, maximum yields are normally obtained
when the average temperature through out the growing season ranges between 15-180 C.
A cool night temperature appears to be more important than a cool daytime temperature.
High temperature during the day reduces yield (PCARRD, 1985).
Principles of Varietal Evaluation
Varietal evaluation is the process in crop breeding programs that provides
comparison developed by the cultivars such as yield, adaptability to different locations,
insect pest’s resistance and growth performance (HARRDEC, 1996).
Rasco and Amante (1990) stated that success in varietal evaluation is ultimately
measured in terms of acceptability of the variety that undergoes evaluation process to
users of the variety. The farmers may initially accept a new variety because it suits his
farming practices and he finds it to be better yielding than his traditional variety but may
stop if he finds out that the traders are not willing to buy it.
Sunil (1990) stated that varietal evaluation is a process in crop breeding which
provides comparison of promising cultivars developed by breeders. Through varietal
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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evaluation, the breeder selects the best performing variety among the developed cultivars
in terms of yield, quality, adaptability and resistant to pests and diseases.
Bautista and Mabesa (1977) suggested that cultivars to be selected should be high
yielding, insect pests, disease resistant, and early maturing variety so that growing of
crops entails less expenses and hence ensures more profit. The use of high yielding
varieties is the cheapest means of increasing yield. On the other hand Gonzales,
et al.,
(2006) stated that evaluation of advance potato entries should be conducted in three
location or more representing low, mid and high elevation during wet and dry season to
obtain stable growth, yield and processing qualities under varying conditions.
Importance of Varietal Evaluation
High yielding and improved varieties are known to play an important role in
production. Large numbers of indigenous accession of variable plant species and numbers
of cultivars are selected and recommended for multiple production (HARRDEC, 1996).
The importance of varietal evaluation is to observed the performance of
characters and traits of a crop such as yield, adaptability, growth and resistant to pest and
diseases (Work, et al, 1975).
The first decision in planting is to know the best variety that is suited to the
locality. Using the right variety ensures a high yield and better quality of produce. Trial
planting will be done to test new varieties suitable for a certain locality before planting in
a wide scale (HARRDEC, 1996).
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Varietal Adaptation and Selection
Dacwag (1981) stated that climate is the summation of condition which includes
three factors such as temperature, moisture and light. These three factors determine
where, when, and what plant should be planted.
Some varieties of potato are adaptable and thus profitable and other varieties
which are non adaptable to the area’s condition are relatively unprofitable to the farmer’s
need (Bang-as, 1999).
During the 1990s potato producers in Benguet and Mountain Province preferred
the old cultivar because of their resistance to pests (PCARRD, 1982).
Yield is usually the main consideration in selecting cultivars. Many farmers plant
the same cultivars during the next season, if they obtained very high yields in the
previous season.
Cultivars also differ in yield stability over location even within the same general
area. To avoid unexpected yield, cultivars that have been tested over many location and
have shown good yield and disease pests resistant in such trials (PCARRD, 1982).
Furthermore, Ganga,
et al., (1987) stated that most of the existing varieties have low
yield and susceptible to late blight, the use of resistant varieties is the best and most
economical control against late blight infection.
Gonzales,
et, al., (2006 ) reported that their decade evaluation resulted to the new
released of two potato variety for the highland named: Gloria and Bengueta Patatas,
these were evaluated across location and season, before it was finally recommended.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Description of the site
Madaymen is located at the northern part of the municipality. It has a land area of
1,260 m2 of which 89 % are devoted to agriculture and 5.36% forests land with an
elevation of more than 2,500 feet above sea level and has topography of mountainous
with inland valleys. The place has a very cold temperature ranging from 10 0C to 160C
during wet season and 20 oC at dry season. Its cold temperature is favorable for
vegetable production such as cabbage, potatoes, radish and other upland vegetable.
(Salacza, 2008).
Field Preparation
An area measuring 135 square meters was cleaned and thoroughly prepared. The
area was divided into three blocks containing eight plots measuring 1 x 5 m2 each to
accommodate the eight potato entries. Chicken manure at the rate of 5 t ha-1 were basally
applied before planting and the recommended rate of T-14 (14-140-140 kg NPK ha-1)
were side dressed 30 days after planting. Crop protection like spraying of fungicides and
pesticides was uniformly employed at 5 days interval. Other cultural practices such as
weeding were also employed as recommended to ensure good growth and yield of the
plants.
The eight entries were acquired at NPRCRTC and were planted at a distance of 25
cm x 30 cm between hills and rows.
The different treatments were replicated three times and laid out in randomized
completely block design (RCBD).
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Treatment
The potato entries evaluated were:
Code
Entry
Locality of Collection
E1
Phil. 2.21.6.2
NPRCRTC
E2
Phil. 5.19.2.2
NPRCRTC
E3
CIP 380241.17
CIP, Peru
E4
CIP 676070
CIP, Peru
E5
CIP 573275
CIP, Peru
E6
Igorota (cv)
NPRCRTC
E7
Ganza (cv)
CIP, Peru
E8
Granola (cv)
CIP, Peru
Data gathered:
1. Meteorological data. Temperature and relative humidity were taken using a
compact hygrometer. Rainfall was taken by placing cans in the field to collect water
when precipitation occurs. The volume of water collected was measured using a beaker
and was recorded by getting the average volume of the water from the cans.
2. Percent survival. This was the number of plants that survived one month after
planting and computed using the formula:
% Survival =
No. of plants survived
X 100
Total number of plants planted
3. Plant vigor. This was taken at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting using the rating scale
of 1 – 5 (CIP, 2004).
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Scale
Description Remarks
1
Plants strong with robust stems and leaves and light Highly vigorous
to dark green
2
Plants are moderately strong with robust stems and Moderately vigorous
leaves are light green in color
3
Better than Vigorous
Vigorous
4
Plants are weak with few thin stems and leaves are Less vigorous
pale
5
Plants are weak with few stems and leaves are very Poor vigor
pale
4. Canopy cover. This was taken at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP)
using a wooden frame 120 x 60 cm with equally sized 12 x 6 cm grids.
5. Initial and final plant height (cm). Plant height was measured from the base to
the tip of ten sample plants one month after planting and one week before harvesting.
6. Reaction to leaf miner. This was taken at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting
and was rated using the scale of 1 – 5 (CIP, 2001).
Scale Description Remarks
1
Less than 20% of the plants per plot infested
Highly Resistant
2
21-40% of the plants per plot infested
Moderately resistant
3
41-60% of the plants per plot infested
Susceptible
4
61-80% of the plants per plot infested Moderately
susceptible
5
81 – 100% of the plants per plot infested
Very susceptible
7. Reaction to late blight. This was observed and recorded at 30, 45, 60 and 75
days after planting using the CIP scale (Henfling, 1987).
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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CIP
Blight (%)
scale
value
Mean limits
Symptoms
1
0
No late blight observable
2
2.5
Traces -< 5
Late blight present. Maximum 10 lesions per
plant
3
10
5 -< 15
Plants look healthy, but lesions are easily seen at
closer distance. Maximum foliage area affected
by lesions or destroyed corresponds to more
than 20 leaflets.
4
25
15 -< 35
Late blight easily seen on most plants. About
25% of foliages is covered with lesions or
destroyed.
5
50
35 -< 65
Plot looks green; however, all plants are
affected. Lower leaves are dead. About half the
foliage area is destroyed.
6
75
65 -< 85
Plots look green with brown flecks. About 75%
of each plant is affected. Leaves of the lower
half of plants are destroyed.
7
90
85 -< 95
Plot neither predominantly green nor brown.
Only top leaves are green. Many stems have
large lesions.
8
97.5
95 -< 100
Plot is brown-colored. A few top leaves still
have some green areas. Most stems have lesions
or are dead.
9
100
All leaves and stems dead.
The description of symptoms is based on plants with 4 stems and 10 to 12 leaves per
stem.
8. Bacterial wilt infection. This was obtained at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after
planting using the scale 1-5 (CIP, 2001).
Scale Description Remarks
1
No infection
Highly resistant
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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2 1-25%
infection
Moderately resistant
3 26-50%
infection
Susceptible
4
51-75% infection Moderately susceptible
5
75-100% infection
Very susceptible
9. Number and weight of marketable tubers plot-1 (kg). All tubers that have
marketable size, not malformed, free from cuts, cracks and without more than 10%
greening of the total surface are counted and weighed at harvest.
10. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers plot-1 (kg.). These were the
tubers that were malformed, damaged by pest and disease, and those with more than 10%
greening.
11. Total yield per plot (kg). The sum of the weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers were taken.
12. Computed yield (t ha-1). This was computed in hectare basis using the formula:
Yield t ha-1 = Total yield plot-1 x 10, 000/1000
Plot size (m2)
13. Return on Cash Expense (ROCE). This was computed by dividing the net profit
over the total cost of production multiplied by 100.
ROCE = Net profit x 100
Total cost of production
14. Dry matter content of tubers (DMC). Tubers were weighed into 20 g per
sample, sliced into cubes, and oven dried at 80 oC for 48 hours. This was recorded and
computed using the following formula:
% Dry matter content (DMC) = 100% - %MC
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Where:
% Moisture Content (MC) = Fresh weight – Oven dry weight x 100
Fresh Weight
Analysis of data
All quantitative data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Significance of
difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range
Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Humidity
Rainfall and relative humidity was high from July to September (Table 1).
Rainfall was highest during the 5th week of July (19.88 L) while relative humidity
reached 100% during the growth of the plants. Temperature was also low ranging from
10 to 150C. These conditions were not favorable for potato growth and development. The
best temperature for potato production is from 170C to 220C and a relative humidity of 87
% (HARRDEC, 1996).
The high temperature and relative humidity favored the widespread of late blight
disease resulting in decrease ground cover and poor vigor of the plants. Low temperature
also caused decline in potato growth and yield.
Table 1. Rainfall, temperature and relative humidity from July to September 2008
WEEK
RAINFALL
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
(L)
(0C)
HUMIDITY
(%)
July
Week 1
4.50
15.00
100
Week 2
10.78
15.00
87
Week 3
18.78
11.00
85
Week 4
11.17
10.70
85
Week 5
19.88
10.70
99
August
Week 1
13.93
15.00
98
Week 2
15.45
10.00
100
Week 3
6.81
15.00
88
Week 4
11.51
15.00
100
September
Week 1
9.83
10.30
99
Week 2
11.79
10.00
100
Week 3
10.46
10.50
93
Week 4
11.12
10.00
100
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Percent Survival
Phil. 2.21.6.2 had the highest percent survival while the check variety Ganza had
the lowest survival of 88% (Table 2). This result indicates that most of the entries may
survive the early onset of rainfall. Ganza, on the other hand may not be suitable for
cultivation during the wet season.
Plant Vigor
No significant differences were observed on plant vigor of the potato entries
evaluated (Table 2). All the entries exhibited decreasing vigor from 30 to 60 days after
planting (DAP). Most plants were moderately to highly vigorous at 30 DAP. At 60
DAP, most of the entries had poor vigor except for Phil. 2.21.6.2 which was moderately
vigorous.
This decrease in vigor might be attributed to the high rainfall and relative
humidity of the site. Potatoes are adapted to 87% relative humidity and low rainfall
(HARRDEC, 1996).
Canopy Cover
Canopy cover of the eight potato entries were highly significant (Table 3). A
decreasing canopy cover was observed among the entries from 30 to 75 DAP.
The decreasing trend of the canopy cover maybe due to the heavy rains coupled
with strong winds which caused the high occurrence of late blight in some of the entries
during the conduct of the study.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Table 2. Percentage survival and plant vigor at 30, 45, and 60 DAP of eight potato entries
SURVIVAL
PLANT VIGOR
ENTRY
(%)
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30 45 60
Phil. 2.21.6.2
100a 5 5 3
Phil. 5.19.2.2
98ab 3 4 1
CIP 380241.17
99ab 4 4 1
CIP 676070
97ab 4 4 1
CIP 573275
98ab 4 4 1
IGOROTA
96ab 4 3 1
GANZA
88b 4 3 2
GRANOLA
99ab 1 4 2
CV (%)
8.86 13.63 22.12
18.77
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Rating Scale: 1–very poor; 2– less vigorous; 3–moderately vigorous; 4-vigorous;
5 – Highly vigorous
Generally, Phil. 2.21.6.2 had the widest canopy which might be an indication of
resistance to late blight and adaptability to wet season planting. CIP 380241.17 and CIP
676070 might also be adapted to the wet season.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Table 3. Canopy cover at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting of the eight potato entries
ENTRY
CANOPY COVER
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30 45
60
75
Phil. 2.21.6.2
34
43
32
29
Phil. 5.19.2.2
30
36
3
4
CIP 380241.17
52
49
13
7
CIP 676070
40
47
10
4
CIP 573275
33
35
1
-
IGOROTA 27 39 6
1
GANZA 34
28 1 -
GRANOLA 33 44 15
-
CV (%)
17.73
22.93
24.31
29.02
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
- =no canopy cover
Figure 1. Plant stand at 45 DAP
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Initial and Final Plant Height
Highly significant differences were observed on the plant height of the eight
potato entries at 30 and 90 DAP. CIP 380241.17 was the tallest followed by CIP
573275 while the check variety Ganza was the shortest at 30 DAP. (Table 4). CIP
380241.17, Phil. 5.19.2.2 and cvs Ganza and Granola plants did not survive at 90 DAP
due to high late blight incidence. Phil. 2.21.6.2 was the tallest at 90 DAP.
The differences in height might due to their genotypic characteristics or the long
days during the wet season (Sano, 1980).
Table 4. Plant height at 30 and 90 days after planting of the eight potato entries
ENTRY
HEIGHT
Initial Final
(cm) (cm)
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1180.60b
3886.00 a
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1053.50b -
CIP 380241.17
2206.80a -
CIP 676070
1230.30b 920.80b
CIP 573275
1323.30b 253.30cd
IGOROTA 1110.30b 798.70bc
GANZA 420.00c -
GRANOLA 900.20b -
CV (%)
20.14
26.12
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
**Note: Entries with - died at 90 DAP
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Reaction to Late Blight
All the entries were resistant to highly resistant at 30 DAP (Table 5). However,
late blight incidence increased as early as 45 DAP affecting most of the entries except
CIP 2.21.6.2 which remained moderately resistant until 75 DAP. The check varieties
Ganza and Granola including Phil. 5.19.2.2 and CIP 573275 were susceptible to the
disease.
The late blight resistance of Phil. 2.21.6.2 might be attributed to its genetic make-
up and may be by its wide canopy.
Furthermore, the high amount of rainfall, low temperature and high relative
humidity during the evaluation period might have favored the fast development of the
disease. This result corroborates with the result of Ganga
et. al. (1989) that late blight is
more prevalent during the wet and cool season.
Reaction to Leaf Miner and Bacterial Wilt
Leaf miner infestation and bacterial wilt infection were not observed during the
evaluation period. This might be due to the heavy rain and low temperature observed
during the conduct of the study.
Bacterial wilt is favored by high temperature (PCARRD, 1982) and temperature
was low (10 to 150C) during the evaluation period. In addition, the planting materials
were disease- free.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Table 5. Late blight incidence at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP of the eight potato entries
REACTION TO LATE BLIGHT
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30
45 60 75
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
2
3
5
Phil.5.19.2.2
2
6
9
9
CIP 380241.17
1
5
6
8
CIP 676070
1
5
7
9
CIP 573275
1
6
8
9
IGOROTA
2
5
7
7
GANZA
1
7
9
9
GRANOLA
1
6
9
9
Rating Scale: 1 –highly resistant; 2 – 3 – resistant; 4 – 5 – moderately resistant
6 – 7 - moderately susceptible; 8 – 9 – susceptible
Number and Weight of Marketable Tubers
Phil. 2.21.6.2 significantly produced the number and heaviest marketable tubers.
The least was produced by Phil. 5.19.2.2 while check variety Ganza had no tubers.
The highest number and heaviest weight of marketable tubers obtained from Phil.
2.21.6.2 (Fig.3) might attributed to its high percentage survival, wide canopy cover, high
vigor, and resistance to late blight.
The low yield of Ganza and Phil. 5.19.2.2 might be due to its susceptibility to late
blight, poor vigor, and adverse environmental conditions such as rainfall and high relative
humidity.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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Table 6. Number and weight of marketable and non-marketable tubers harvested from
the eight potato entries
ENTRY MARKETABLE
TUBERS
NON-MARKETABLER TUBERS
(per 5m2)
(per 5 m2)
NUMBER
WEIGHT
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(kg)
(kg)
Phil. 2.21.6.2
155 a 3.43 a 113a 0.16 a
Phil.5.19.2.2 56bc 1.27bc 10
d 0.01b
CIP380241.17 31bc 2.17b 31c 0.04b
CIP 676070
131b 1.43bc 40bc 0.06b
CIP 573275
44bc 0.80cd 43bc 0.03b
IGOROTA 56bc 1.27bc 45
bc 0.04b
GANZA 0c 0.00d 15d 0.02b
GRANOLA 41bc 0.80cd 49b 0.04b
CV (%)
20.07
10.31
23.70
4.64
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number and Weight of Non-marketable Tubers
Phil. 2.21.6.2 significantly produced the highest number and weight of non-
marketable tubers while Phil. 5.19.2.2 had the least number and weight of non-
marketable tubers.
The high number and weight of non-marketable tubers of Phil. 2.21.6.2might be
due to high late blight infection and the adverse climatic conditions during the conduct of
the study.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
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(a) CIP 676070 (b) Phil. 2.21.6.2
(c) Phil. 5.19.2.2 (d) Igorota (cv)
(e) CIP 380241.17 (f) CIP 573275
(g) Ganza (cv) (h) Granola (cv)
Figure 3. Tubers of the different potato entries
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
22
Total Yield and Computed Yield
Phil. 2.21.6.2 obtained the highest yield per plot and computed yield per hectare
followed by CIP 380241.17. Check variety Ganza produced the lowest yield.
The yield was generally low due to the high late blight incidence, low canopy
cover and poor plant vigor of most entries. These conditions were exacerbated by the
high rainfall and low temperature that occurred during the growing period.
Table 7. Total and computed yield of eight potato entries
YIELD
ENTRY
kg 5 m2 t ha-1
Phil. 2.21.6.2
3.60 a 7.19a
Phil. 5.19.2.2
0.60 cd 1.19cd
CIP 380241.17
2.20b 4.41b
CIP 676070
1.49bc 2.99bc
CIP 573275
0.83cd 1.67cd
IGOROTA 1.31bc 2.62bc
GANZA 0.02d 0.05d
GRANOLA 0.83cd
1.67cd
CV (%)
15.76
12.99
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
23
Dry Matter Content of Tubers
CIP 676070, CIP 573275 and Phil.5.19.2.2 had identical tuber dry matter contents
of 18% which is comparable with the dry matter content of the processing variety Igorota
(16%). Low tuber dry matter was recorded from CIP 380241.17 (Table 8 ).
The low dry matter content of tubers might be due to the decreased canopy cover
of the entries evaluated. The necessary assimilates needed by the tubers were not fully
diverted hence, the canopy cover decreased as early as 60 DAP (Simongo, 1992).
Low dry matter content of tubers could also be influence by the wet and cool
season (Beukemia and Vander Zaag, 1979).
The differences in tuber dry matter content of the entries evaluated might be due
to the genotypic characteristics since dry matter is a strongly inherited character
(Rastovski, 1978).
Return on Cash Expense
Return on cash expense obtained from the different entries evaluated were all
negative. The negative return on cash expense may be attributed to the the low yield and
high late blight infection of the different entries. This implies that growing of potatoes
during the wet season at Madaymen Kibungan may not be profitable.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
24
Table 8. Dry matter content of the eight potato entries
ENTRY
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
Phil. 2.21.6.2
15abc
Phil. 5.19.2.2
18a
CIP 380241.17
12c
CIP 676070
18a
CIP 573275
18a
IGOROTA (cv)
16ab
GANZA (cv)
14bc
GRANOLA (cv)
13bc
CV (%)
11.56
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
25
Table 9. Return on cash expense of the eight potato entries
ENTRY COST
OF
MARKETABLE
GROSS
NET
ROCE
PRODUC-
TUBERS
SALE
INCOME
(%)
TION (PhP)
(kg/5m2)
(PhP)
(PhP)
Phil. 2.21.6.2
510.00 3.43 102.99
-407.01
-79.80
Phil. 5.19.2.2
510.00 0.58 17.49
-492.51
-96.57
CIP 380241.17
510.00 2.17 65.01
-444.99
-87.25
CIP 676070
510.00 1.43 42.99
-467.01
-91.57
CIP 573275
510.00 0.80 24.00
-486.00
-95.29
IGOROTA (cv)
510.00 1.27 38.01
-471.99
-92.54
GANZA (cv)
510.00
0.00
-510.00
-
0.00
100.00
GRANOLA (cv)
510.00 0.80 24.00
-486.00
-95.29
* Total cost of production includes cost of planting materials, insecticides, fertilizers and
labor.
* Selling price of potato tubers is based in PhP 30.00 per kilo
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to identify the best performing potato entry based on
yield and resistance to pests an diseases during the wet season, identify the potato entry
that is best adapted during the wet season at Madaymen, Kibungan, and to determine the
profitability of growing the different potato entries during the wet season at Madaymen,
Kibungan.
Phil. 2.21.6.2 had the highest plant survival while Ganza had the lowest.
Phil. 2.21.6.2 was highly vigorous while cv Granola had poor vigor. The rest of
the entries were moderately vigorous to vigorous at 30 DAP. At 60 DAP, all the entries
had poor to less vigor except for Phil. 2.21.6.2 which was moderately vigorous.
Conclusion
Among the potato entries evaluated during the wet season, Phil. 2.21.6.2 was the
best performing potato entry based on yield and resistance to late blight.
Phil. 2.21.6.2 is therefore adapted at Madaymen Kibungan especially when
proper management practices are employed. Phil. 2.21.6.2 had the widest canopy at 60
and 75 DAP. It was also resistant to moderately resistant to late blight while the rest of
the entries were moderately to highly susceptible at 60 and 75 DAP.
Phil. 2.21.6.2 produced the highest number and heaviest weight of marketable
and non-marketable tubers while Phil. 5.19.2.2 produced the least.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
27
The highest tuber dry matter content was recorded from CIP 573275, CIP 676070
and Phil. 5.19.2.2 while CIP 380241.17 had the lowest.
A negative ROCE was obtai, KibunHowever, all the entries obtained negative
return on cash expense which implies that growing of potatoes during the wet season at
Madaymen, Kibungan is not profitable.
Recommendation
Based on findings, Phil. 2.21.6.2 could be recommended at Madaymen, Kibungan
based only on yield and resistance to late blight.
Production of potatoes during the wet season is not recommended at M
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
28
LITERATURE CITED
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BS Thesis. Benguet State University.. Pp. 30-31.
BAUTISTA, O. K. and R. C. MABESA. 1977. Vegetable production. University of the
Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna. Pp. 27-28.
BEUKEMIA, H. P. and P. E VANDER ZAAG. 1979. Potato Improvement: Some
factors
and facts. International Agricultural Centre, Wageningen:The
Netherlands. Pp.38-40.
CALANZA, R. 2008. The Tallak: The Official Newspaper of Kibungan National High
School. Poblacion Kibungan, Kibungan Benguet. Volume X. P.3.
CIP. 2001. Facts Sheet. International Potato Center. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet. P5.
DACWAG, L. D. 1981. Evaluation of hybrid true potato seed progenies for tuber let
production. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. P. 21.
GANGA, Z. N., I. GONZALES, E. O. BADOL, S. GAYAO and H. TORRES. 1989.
Results of potato germplasm evaluation for yield and late blight resistance to
Phythopthora infestans in the Philippine highlands. CIP Region VII # 85-11.
GANGA, Z. N., E. O. BADOL and S. GAYAO. 1987. Potato germplasm evaluation for
late
blight
resistance
at diverse highland locations during different seasons.
Research Results Presented in a series of Working Papers. Volume
11.NPRCRTC. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp. 6-8.
GAYAO, S. T. 1989. Potato (
Solanum spp.) germplasm evaluation for lateblight
(Phytophthora infestans) resistance at diverse highland locations during different
seasons. MS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. P. 12.
GONZALES, I. E. T. BOTANGEN, F. S. BALOG-AS, C. G. KISWA, D. K.
SIMONGO and T. D. MASANGCAY. 2006. Multi locational yield trial of
potential potato clones across location. BSU Research Journal. No 51. Benguet
State University , La Trinidad Benguet. P. 37.
HARRDEC.1996. Highland Potato Techno guide. Benguet State University. Pp. 3-4.
HENFLING, J.W. 1987. Techno guide Information Bulletin 4. Late blight of Potato. P.
5.
PCARRD. 1982. Benguet techno guide for potat Potato. Los Baños Laguna. P. 2.
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PCARRD. 1985. Highland Potato Techno guide. Los Baños Laguna. Pp. 4-5.
RASCO, E. T. Jr and D. P.AMANTE. 1994. Sweet potato variety evaluation. Southeast
Asian Program for Potato Research and Development. Pp.19-20.
RASTOVSKI, A. VAN ES ET AL. 1981. Storage of potatoes post-harvest behavior,
store design, storage practices, handling. Center for Agricultural Publishing and
Documentation Wageningen. P. 37.
SANO, E. O. 1980. Rate of tuber production on the white potato varieties grown under
six fertility levels. MS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. P.
27.
SIMONGO, D. K. 1992. Assessment of potato clones using rooted stem cutting by
farmers in Benguet. MS Thesis. Benguet State University. Pp. 38.
SIMONGO, D. K. 2007. Growth yield and dry matter partitioning of potato genotypes
under organic production at La Trinidad Benguet. Ph.D Dissertation. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad Benguet. P.1.
TAD-AWAN, B. A., D. K. SIMONGO, E. J. D. SAGALLA, J. P. PABLO, C. G.
KISWA, and C. C. SHAGOL. 2008. Organic Potatoes : varities and practices in
Benguet, Philippines. STVRDC. Benguet State University ,La Trinidad,
Benguet. P.1.
SUNIL, K. R. 1990. Varietal evaluation of promising lines of path coefficient analysis
in
pole snap bean. MS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad
Benguet. Pp. 4-5.
WORK, P and C. J. CAREW. 1975. Vegetable Production and Marketing. New York.
Willy Sons Incorporation. Pp. 311-315.
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
30
APPENDICES
Appendix table 1. Percent survival at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
100
100
100
300
100a
Phil. 5.19.2.2
100
100
93
293
98ab
CIP 380241.17
100
98
100
298
99ab
CIP 676070
100
90
100
290
97ab
CIP 573275
100
98
95
293
98ab
IGOROTA (cv)
100
95
93
288
96ab
GANZA (cv)
65
100
100
265
88b
GRANOLA (cv)
100
98
100
298
99ab
TOTAL
765
779
781
2325
97
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
19.000
9.500
Treatment
7
290.625
41.518
4.21*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
941.000
67.214
TOTAL
23
1250.625
* = Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =8.86
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
31
Appendix table 2a. Plant vigor at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
2 4 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
2
2
1 5 2
CIP 380241.17
1
1
2 4 1
CIP 676070
1
2
4 7 2
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
2
2 5 2
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
2 4 1
TOTAL 9
11
15
35
1.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
2.333
1.167
Treatment
7
3.958
0.565
1.40ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
5.667
0.405
TOTAL
23
11.958
ns =Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 13.63
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
32
Appendix table 2b. Plant vigor at 45 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
4
4
4 12 3
Phil. 5.19.2.2
4
4
4 12 4
CIP 380241.17
4
4
4 12 4
CIP 676070
3
4
4 11 4
CIP 573275
4
4
4 12 4
IGOROTA (cv)
3
4
3 10 3
GANZA (cv)
0
4
4 8 3
GRANOLA (cv)
4
4
4 12 3
TOTAL 25
32
31
88
4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
2.583
1.292
Treatment
7
4.958
0.708
1.05ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
9.417
0.673
TOTAL
23
16.958
ns =Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 22.12
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
33
Appendix table 2c. Plant vigor at 60 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
5
4
5 14 5
Phil. 5.19.2.2
4
0
0 4 1
CIP 380241.17
4
4
5 13 4
CIP 676070
4
5
5 14 5
CIP 573275
5
5
0 10 3
IGOROTA (cv)
4
5
4 13 4
GANZA (cv)
0
5
0 5 2
GRANOLA (cv)
0
5
0 5 2
TOTAL 26
33
19
78
4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
12.250
6.125
Treatment
7
45.167
6.452
1.77ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
51.083
3.649
TOTAL
23
108.500
ns =Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =18.77
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
34
Appendix table 3a. Canopy cover at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
39
28
34
101
34
Phil. 5.19.2.2
37
29
25
91
30
CIP 380241.17
62
44
50
156
52
CIP 676070
46
37
36
119
40
CIP 573275
38
34
26
98
33
IGOROTA (cv)
24
32
25
81
27
GANZA (cv)
27
41
34
102
34
GRANOLA (cv)
36
41
23
100
33
TOTAL 309
286
253
848
35
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
198.083
99.042
Treatment
7
1220.000
174.286
4.44**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
549.250
39.232
TOTAL
23
1967.333
** =Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =17.73
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
35
Appendix table 3b. Canopy cover at 45 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
52
41
37
130
43
Phil. 5.19.2.2
55
21
32
108
36
CIP 380241.17
57
38
52
147
49
CIP 676070
42
52
47
141
47
CIP 573275
38
32
34
104
35
IGOROTA (cv)
33
43
41
117
39
GANZA (cv)
0
42
41
83
28
GRANOLA (cv)
45
50
38
133
44
TOTAL 322
319
322
963
40
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.750
0750
Treatment
7
1071.958
171.958
153.137**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
2261.917
2261.917
TOTAL
23
3334.625
3334.625
** =Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%)=22.93
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
36
Appendix table 3c. Canopy cover at 60 DAP.
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
25
25
45
95
32
Phil. 5.19.2.2
10
0
0
10
3
CIP 380241.17
30
5
5
40
13
CIP 676070
30
0
0
30
10
CIP 573275
2
1
0
3
1
IGOROTA (cv)
10
0
8
18
6
GANZA (cv)
0
1
0
1
1
GRANOLA (cv)
0
45
0
45
15
TOTAL 107
77
58
242
10
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
152.583
76.292
Treatment
7
2221.167
317.310
1.70ns
2.77
4.28
Error
14
2606.083
186.149
TOTAL
23
4906.833
ns =Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =24.31
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
37
Appendix table 3d. Canopy cover at 75 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
25
21
40
86
29
Phil. 5.19.2.2
13
0
0
13
4
CIP 380241.17
21
0
0
21
7
CIP 676070
11
0
0
11
4
CIP 573275
0
0
0
0
0
IGOROTA (cv)
2
0
0
2
1
GANZA (cv)
0
0
0
0
0
GRANOLA (cv)
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL 72
21
40
133
6
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
166.083
83.02
Treatment
7
1973.292
281.899
7.52**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
524.583
37.470
TOTAL
23
2663.958
** =Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =29.02
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
38
Appendix table 4a. Initial Plant height at 30 DAP (cm)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1370.5
701.4
1470 3541.9
1180.6
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1540
1420 1010
3970
1323.3
CIP 380241.17
2330.5
2270
2020 6620.5
2206.8
CIP 676070
1460
941 1290
3691
1230.3
CIP 573275
1540
1420
1010 3970
1323.3
IGOROTA (cv)
1560
860.4 910.5
3330.9
1110.3
GANZA (cv)
420
110
730 1260 420
GRANOLA (cv)
1220.5
710
770 2700.5
900.2
TOTAL 11002
7982.8
9290.5
28275.3
1178.1
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
573119.990 2886559.995
Treatment
7
5262612.800
751801.829
13.36**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
788038.288
56288.449
TOTAL
23
6623771.077
** =Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =20.14
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
39
Appendix table 4 b. Final Height at 75 DAP (cm)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
4025
3522
4111 11658 3886
Phil. 5.19.2.2
0
0
0 0 0
CIP 380241.17
0
0
0 0 0
CIP 676070
1565
0 1197.5
2762.5
920.8
CIP 573275
0
0
760 760
253.3
IGOROTA (cv)
1065
0 1331
2396
798.7
GANZA (cv)
0
0
0
0
0
GRANOLA (cv)
0
0
0 0 0
TOTAL 6655
3522
7399.5
17576.5
732.4
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
1058540.646
529270.333
Treatment
7
37080705.740 5297243.6777
39.86**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
1860577.854
1322898.418
TOTAL
23
3999924.854
** =Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =26.12
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
40
Appendix table 5a. Late blight incidence at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
2
2
2 6 2
CIP 380241.17
2
1
1 4 1
CIP 676070
1
2
1 4 1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
2 2
5
2
GANZA (cv)
2
1
1
4 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 11
11
10
32
1.0
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
41
Appendix table 5b. Late blight incidence at 45 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
2
2
2 6 2
Phil. 5.19.2.2
4
7
6 17 6
CIP 380241.17
4
6
6 16 5
CIP 676070
4
5 6
15
5
CIP 573275
5
6
6
17 6
IGOROTA (cv)
4
5 6
15
5
GANZA (cv)
9
7
5
21 7
GRANOLA (cv)
5
6
6 17 6
TOTAL 37
44
43
124
5
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
42
Appendix table 5c. Late blight incidence at 60 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
3
3
3 9 3
Phil. 5.19.2.2
8
9
9 26 9
CIP 380241.17
6
6
7 19 6
CIP 676070
6
8 8
22
7
CIP 573275
8
8
9 25 8
IGOROTA (cv)
6
7 8
21
7
GANZA (cv)
9
8
9 26 9
GRANOLA (cv)
9
9
9 27 9
TOTAL 55
58
62
175
7
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
43
Appendix table 5d. Late blight incidence at 75 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
5
5
5 15 5
Phil. 5.19.2.2
9
9
9 27 9
CIP 380241.17
8
7
8 23 8
CIP 676070
8
9 9
26
9
CIP 573275
9
9
9 27 9
IGOROTA (cv)
7
7 8
22
7
GANZA (cv)
9
9
9 27 9
GRANOLA (cv)
9
9
9 27 9
TOTAL 64
64
66
194
8
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
44
Appendix table 6a. Leaf miner incidence at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
45
Appendix table 6b. Leaf miner incidence at 45 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
46
Appendix table 6c. Leaf miner incidence at 60 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1 1
3
1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1 1
3
1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
47
Appendix table 6d. Leaf miner incidence at 75 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1 1
3
1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
48
Appendix table 7a. Bacterial wilt incidence at 30 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
49
Appendix table 7b. Bacterial wilt incidence at 45 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
50
Appendix table 7c. Bacterial wilt incidence at 60 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1 1
3
1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1 1
3
1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
51
Appendix table7d. Bacterial wilt incidence at 75 DAP
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1
1
1 3 1
Phil. 5.19.2.2
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 380241.17
1
1
1 3 1
CIP 676070
1
1 1
3
1
CIP 573275
1
1
1 3 1
IGOROTA (cv)
1
1 1
3
1
GANZA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
GRANOLA (cv)
1
1
1 3 1
TOTAL 8
8
8
24
1
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
52
Appendix table 8. Number of marketable tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
68
136
261
465
155
Phil. 5.19.2.2
3
6
12
21
7
CIP 380241.17
14
27
51
92
31
CIP 676070
58
116
218
392
131
CIP 573275
19 38 76
133
44
IGOROTA (cv)
25
49
93
167
56
GANZA (cv)
0
0
0
0
0
GRANOLA (cv)
18
36
70
124
41
TOTAL 205
408
781
1394
9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
30079.750 15039.875
Treatment
7
87914.500 12559.214
2.77*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
36280.250
2591.446
TOTAL
23
154274.500
*=Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =20.07
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
53
Appendix table 9. Number of non-marketable tubers per plot
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
73
36
61
170
113
Phil. 5.19.2.2
7
4
4
15
10
CIP 380241.17
17
13
16
46
31
CIP 676070
32
11
17
60
40
CIP 573275
10
29
25
64
43
IGOROTA (cv)
24
23
21
68
45
GANZA (cv)
0
15
7
22
15
GRANOLA (cv)
31
19
24
74
49
TOTAL 194
150
175
519
22
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
121.750
60.875
Treatment
7
5283.625
754.804
8.59**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
1236.250
87.875
TOTAL
23
6635.625
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =23.70
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
54
Appendix table 10. Weight of marketable tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1.700
2.950
5.650
10.300
3.433
Phil. 5.19.2.2
.300
.500
.950
1.750
.583
CIP 380241.17
1.050
1.850
3.600
6.500
2.167
CIP 676070
.650
1.250
2.400
4.300
1.433
CIP 573275
.400
.700
1.300
2.400
.800
IGOROTA (cv)
.600
1.100
2.100
3.800
1.267
GANZA (cv)
0
0
0
0
0
GRANOLA (cv)
.380
.700
1.320
2.400
.800
TOTAL 5.080
9.050
17.320
31.450
1310
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
9.800
7.900
Treatment
7
24.041
3.434
8.54**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
5.632
0.402
TOTAL
23
39.473
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =10.31
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
55
Appendix table 11. Weight of non-marketable tubers per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
0.190
0.050
0.240
0.480
0.160
Phil. 5.19.2.2
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.040
0.013
CIP 380241.17
0.050
0.050
0.020
0.120
0.040
CIP 676070
0.150
0.020
0.020
0.190
0.063
CIP 573275
0.020
0.040
0.040
0.100
0.033
IGOROTA (cv)
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.130
0.043
GANZA (cv)
0
0.050
0.020
0.070
0.023
GRANOLA (cv)
0.020
0.040
0.050
0.110
0.037
TOTAL 0.500
0.300
0.440
1.240
0.052
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
0.003
0.001
Treatment
7
0.045
0.006
2.91*
2.77
4.28
Error
14
0.031
0.002
TOTAL
23
0.078
*=Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =4
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
56
Appendix table 12. Total yield per plot (kg)
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
1.890
3.000
5.890
10.780
3.593
Phil. 5.19.2.2
.320
.510
.960
1.790
.597
CIP 380241.17
1.100
1.900
3.620
6.620
2.207
CIP 676070
.800
1.270
2.420
4.490
1.497
CIP 573275
.420
.740
1.340
2.500
.833
IGOROTA (cv)
.650
1.140
2.140
3.930
1.310
GANZA (cv)
0
0.050
0.020
0.070
0.023
GRANOLA (cv)
.400
.740
1.370
2.510
.837
TOTAL 5.580
9.350
17.760
32.690
1.362
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
9.721
4.860
Treatment
7
25.939
3.706
8.94**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
5.805
0.415
TOTAL
23
41.464
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =15.76
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
57
Appendix Table 13. Computed yield tons per hectare
BLOCK
ENTRY
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Phil. 2.21.6.2
3.78
6
11.78
21.56
7.19
Phil. 5.19.2.2
0.64
1.02
1.92
3.58
1.19
CIP 380241.17
2.2
3.8
7.24
13.24
4.41
CIP 676070
1.6
2.54
4.84
8.98
2.99
CIP 573275
0.84
1.48
2.68
5
1.67
IGOROTA (cv)
1.3
2.28
4.28
7.86
2.62
GANZA (cv)
0
0.1
0.04
0.14
0.05
GRANOLA (cv)
0.8
1.48
2.74
5.02
1.67
TOTAL 11.16
18.7
35.52
65.38
2.7
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Block
2
39.572
19.786
Treatment
7
105.553
15.079
8.65**
2.77
4.28
Error
14
24.392
1.742
TOTAL
23
169.517
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =12.99
Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at Madaymen, Kibungan / Viona T. Yano. 2009
Document Outline
- Wet Season Evaluation of Potato Entries at
Madaymen, Kibungan.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES