BIBLIOGRAPHY BANTAS, FEBEE B. MAY 2008. ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BANTAS, FEBEE B. MAY 2008. Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Eight sweet potato genotypes were characterized and evaluated to determine their
agronomic characters and to determine the sweetpotato genotypes adapted in Poblacion,
Kibungan, Benguet.
The eight sweetpotato genotypes varied on their leaf, stem and storage root
characters. Results showed that on the plant survival, plant vigor, mature leaf size,
petiole length, vine length, vine diameter, number of marketable storage roots, number of
non-marketable storage roots, dry matter content and harvest index, the eight sweetpotato
genotypes significantly differ.
Peke Negro OP, Bengueta and Kalbo-oy have 100% survival at 30 DAP. Miracle
OP, Violet OP and Bengueta OP were vigorous at 60 DAP and at 90 DAP most of the
genotypes were vigorous. Wagwag OP has the largest leaf while Kalbo-oy has the
longest petiole. Bengueta has the longest vines while Miracle OP has the thickest vines.
Miracle OP obtained the highest number of marketable storage roots while Violet OP
obtained the highest number of non-marketable storage roots. As to the weight of
marketable, non-marketable storage roots and average storage root yield, no significant
differences were observed. Kawitan OP significantly had the highest dry matter content
and harvest index among the eight sweetpotato genotypes.
On the sensory evaluation of boiled storage roots, the color and consistency of
boiled storage roots varied. Peke Negro was rated as the sweetest among the eight
sweetpotato genotypes. Most of the sweetpotato genotypes showed positive ROCE.
Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Bengueta are recommended at
Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet. Based on storage root yield, ROCE, resistance to scab
disease and vigor, these sweetpotato genotypes can be profitably grown. Furthermore,
characterization of sweetpotato germplasm should be a continuing activity.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Plant survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Plant vigor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Plant type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Mature leaf shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Mature leaf size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Petiole pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Foliage color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Petiole length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Vine length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Vine diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Vine pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Vine tip pubescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
25
Storage root formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
iii
Storage root shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Storage root surface defects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Storage root skin color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Storage root flesh color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Disease infestation and insect infestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Number and weight of marketable storage roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Number and weight of non-marketable storage roots . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Storage root yield per plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Sensory evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Dry matter content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Harvest index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Return on cash expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….. ….
42
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………
43
iv
INTRODUCTION
Sweetpotato
(Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important crop in the Cordillera. The root
is used as a staple food and the herbage is used as a main ingredient of swine in most
places. The crop is cultivated for its edible or fleshy storage roots and green tops
(NPRCRTC, 1990).
In the Philippines, sweetpotato is grown in rice fields just after rice, in backyards,
small gardens and in swidden farm (NPRCRTC, 1990).
The potential of sweetpotato is recognized because of its many uses, it is utilized
as human food, animal feed and as industrial raw material. According to Mackay et al.
(1989) root crops, particularly sweetpotatoes are often served as substitute for the
carbohydrate needs of most Filipinos especially those living in the mountains or remote
areas.
Sweetpotato as an important crop in the highlands must be given importance in
such a way that it will have high yield or production which will able to supply and
substitute the need of the people in times of food shortage.
Production of sweetpotatoes commercially could be considered a very important
factor by farmers in order to sustain food supply and other products derived from
sweetpotatoes. One way to attain this is by choosing and planting the right varieties with
good agronomic characteristics.
In the survey conducted by NPRCRTC (1990) sweetpotato farmers expressed the
need for improved varieties with good eating quality, high yielding, resistant to pests and
diseases and adapted to local conditions. With this situation, there is a need to introduce
other varieties that are high yielding and acceptable to the preferences of farmers as well
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
2
as to consumers. Thus, in order to determine the good varieties of sweetpotato and to
meet the demands of farmers and consumers, characterization and evaluation is
necessary.
Morphological characterization of accessions in a collection is important not
only to have a description of each accession but as well as identifying duplicate
accessions (Huaman, 2008). In addition, many of the characteristics that are recorded on
individual accessions can serve as diagnostic descriptors for the accessions. Such
diagnostic characters help genebank curators keep track of an accession and check for the
genetic integrity over a number of years of conservation (IBPGR, 1981).
The study was conducted to determine the agronomic characters of open-
pollinated sweetpotato genotypes in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet and to determine the
sweetpotato genotypes that are adapted in the locality.
The study was conducted at Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet from October 2007 to
March 2008.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Characterization
Variety characterization is the process of documenting variety traits that are
useful in distinguishing one variety from other varieties. In judging the worth of a variety,
some of these traits are useful not only for variety identification but as well as for
evaluation. In characterization, traits used are generally more stable and need not to be
taken repetitively in various stages of variety evaluation. In addition, characterization
data are used to eliminate duplicates in a collection, to assess agronomic and utilization
potential of an accession, to check accuracy of labeling in field experiments, and to serve
as basis for rouging mixtures in multiplication fields (Rasco and Amante, 1994).
Characterization Studies in Sweetpotato
In a study conducted by Rebujio (2003) on the morphological characterization,
diversity analysis and evaluation of sweetpotato genotypes results show that twenty
sweetpotato genotypes significantly differ for all characters measured. The result showed
that Tagalog, PSBSP 17 and Kawitan produced the highest storage root yield. Diversity
indices show low variation for qualitative characters and high variation quantitative
characters.
Shagol (2001) studied the morphological characters associated with yield in
sweetpotato and found out that the ten sweetpotato varieties are variable in morphology
and there was no strong association between the morphological characters and yield.
Based on the results, growth and yield performance of ten sweetpotato varieties depends
on the genetic constitution and the environment where they were grown.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
4
A study on characterization and evaluation of “ Kalbo–oy” strains collected from
different sources by Sanggawa (2004) showed that the different “Kalbo-oy” strains were
morphologically similar in terms of plant type, leaf characters (shape, central lobe, and
foliage color), storage root formation and storage root defects. However, the “Kalbo-oy”
strains were significantly different in terms of canopy cover, number of leaves, leaf area,
number of nodes and vine length. The results showed that “Kalbo-oy” strains are very
variable in some morphological characteristics and storage root yield parameters.
Alfonso (2006) conducted a study on the characterization, evaluation, diversity
and cluster analysis of sweetpotato varieties in La Trinidad, Benguet results show that the
qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sixteen sweetpotato varieties varied. It was
found out that the sixteen sweetpotato varieties exhibited highly significant differences
for all quantitative characters measured.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
5
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Land Preparation
An area of 120 m2 was manually cleaned and prepared for planting. The area was
divided into three blocks and each block consists of eight plots each measuring 1 x 5 m.
The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD).
Treatments
The genotypes were taken from the Northern Philippine Rootcrops Research and
Training Center, Benguet State University La Trinidad, Benguet while the check variety
“Kalbo-oy” was taken from Kibungan, Benguet.
The genotypes used were:
CODE GENOTYPE
G1
Darwin OP
G2
Kawitan
OP
G3
Miracle OP
G4
Peke
Negro
OP
G5
Violet
OP
G6
Wagwag OP
G7
Bengueta
(check)
G8
Kalbo-oy(check)
Planting and Planting Distance
Stem cuttings with a length of 25-30 cm were planted at one cutting per hill.
Spacing was 30 cm between rows and 30 cm between hills.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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Cultural Management Practices
All cultural management practices such as irrigation, weeding, and hilling-up
were uniformly employed.
Data Gathered:
The descriptors list for sweetpotato by Huaman (1991) was used.
1. Plant survival (%). This was the percentage of plants that survived and it was
taken by counting plant stand 30 DAP and computed using the formula:
% survival=
Number of plants that survived X 100
Total number of plants planted
2. Plant vigor. This was taken at 60 and 90 DAP using the CIP rating scale.
SCALE DESCRIPTION REMARKS
1
Plants are weak with few stems and Poor vigor
Leaves; very pale
2
Plants are weak with few thin stems Less vigorous
and leaves
3 Better than less vigorous Vigorous
4 Plants are moderately strong with
robust stems and leaves; leaves are Moderately
light green in color vigorous
5
Plants are strong with robust stems Highly vigorous
and leaves; leaves are dark green in color
3. Plant type. The growth habit at 90 DAP was described using the scale as
follows:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
3
Erect (<75)
5
Semi-erect (75-150)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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SCALE DESCRIPTION
7
Spreading (151-250 cm)
9
Extremely spreading (>250)
4. Leaf characters
a. Mature leaf shape. This was taken at 90 DAP and the leaves on the 8th node was
considered. This was described by a three- digit code where the first digit (hundreds)
indicates the type of the most common expression of leaf lobing, the second digit (tens),
the average total number of lobes, and the third digit (units) indicates the shape of the
central lobe of leaves.
TYPE OF LEAF LOBING NO. OF LOBES
SHAPE OF CENTRAL
LEAF LOBE
0-No lateral lobes
0-Absent
1-Very slight (teeth)
1
1-Toothed
3-Slight
3
2-Triangular
5-Moderate
5
3-Semi-circular
7-Deep
7
4-Semi-elliptic
9-Very deep
9
5-Elliptic
6-Lanceolate
7-Oblanceolate
8-Linear (broad)
9-Linear (narrow)
b. Mature leaf size. This was measured from the basal lobes to the tip of the
leaves and was recorded using the following scale:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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SCALE
DESCRIPTION
3
Small (<8cm)
5 Medium
(8-15cm)
7
Large (16-25cm)
9 Very
large
(>25cm)
c. Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation. This refers to the distribution of anthocyanin
pigmentation shown in the veins of the lower surface of leaves. The most frequent
expression was recorded at 90 DAP using the 1-9 scale follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Yellow
2
Green
3
Purple spot in the base of main rib
4
Purple spots in several veins
5 -Main
rib
partially
purple
6
Main rib mostly or totally purple
7 All
veins
partially
purple
8
All veins mostly or totally purple
9
Lower surface and veins totally
purple
d. Petiole pigmentation. Refers to the anthocyanin pigmentation in the petioles of
leaves. The most predominant color was recorded as follows and was taken at 90 DAP
using the 1-9 scale as follows:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
9
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1
Green
2 Green
with
purple
near
stem
3 Green
with
purple
near
leaf
4
Green with purple at both ends
5
Green with purple spots throughout
petiole
6 Green
with
purple
stripes
7 Purple
with
green
near
leaf
8
Some petioles purple, others green
9 Totally
or
mostly
purple
e. Foliage color. The color of fully expanded mature and immature leaves was
taken at 90 DAP using the 1-9 scales as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Yellow-green
2
Green
3 Green
with
purple
edge
4 Grayish-green
5
Green with purple veins on upper
surface
6 Slightly
purple
7 Mostly
purple
8 Green
upper,
purple
lower
9 Purple
both
surfaces
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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f. Petiole length. The petiole length was measured from the base to the insertion
with the blade and was recorded at 90 DAP using a scale as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Very
short
(<10
cm)
3 Short
(10-20
cm)
5
Intermediate (21-30 cm)
7
Long (31-40 cm)
9
Very long (>40 cm)
5. Vine/ Stem characters
a. Vine length and diameter. This was obtained using the following scales:
INTERNODE
LENGTH
INTRERNODE
DIAMETER
1-Very short (3 cm)
1- Very thin (4 mm)
3-Short
(3-5
cm)
3-
Thin
(4-6
mm)
5-Intermediate (6-9 cm)
5- Intermediate (7-9 mm)
7-Long
(10-12
cm)
7-
Thick
(10-12
mm)
9- Very long (>12 cm)
9- Very thick (>12 mm)
b. Vine pigmentation. This refers to the presence of anthocyanin pigmentation in
the vines besides the green color. This was taken at 90 DAP using the following scales:
PREDOMINANT VINE COLOR
SECONDARY
VINE
COLOR
1-Green
0-Absent
3-Green with few purple spots
1-Green base
4-Green with many purple spots 2-Green tip
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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PREDOMINANT
VINE
COLOR
SECONDARY
VINE
COLOR
5-Green with many dark
3-Green nodes
purple spots
6-Mostly purple
4-Purple base
7-Mostly dark purple
5-Purple tip
8-Totally dark purple
6-Purple nodes
9-Totally dark purple
c. Vine tip pubescence. Refers to the degree of hairiness of immature leaves
recorded at the apex of the vines and was taken at 60 DAP using a rating scale as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
0 Absent
3
Sparse
5
Moderate
7
Heavy
6. Storage root characters
a. Storage root formation. The arrangement of storage roots on the underground
stems was described as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Closed
cluster
3
Open cluster
7
Dispersed
9 Very
dispersed
b. Storage root shape. This was described as follows:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Round
2 Round
elliptic
3 Elliptic
4
Ovate
5 Obovate
6 Oblong
7 Long
oblong
8 Long
elliptic
9 Long
irregular
or
curved
c. Storage root surface defects. This was described as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
0 Absent
1
Alligator-
like
skin
2
Veins
3 Shallow
horizontal
constrictions
4 Deep
horizontal
constrictions
5 Shallow
longitudinal
constrictions
6 Deep
longitudinal
constrictions
7
Deep
constrictions
and
deep
grooves
d. Storage root skin color. This was described as follows:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
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PREDOMINANT SKIN COLOR INTENSITY OF PREDOMINANT SKIN COLOR
1-White
1-Pale
2- Cream
2-Intermediate
3-Yellow
3-Dark
4-Orange
5- Brownish orange
6-Pink
7-Red
8-Purple red
9-Dark purple
e. Storage root flesh color. The color of the cross section of fresh storage roots
was described using the scales from 1-9 as follows:
PREDOMINANT SKIN COLOR
SECONDARY FLESH COLOR
1-White
0-Absent
2-Cream
1- White
3 -Dark cream
2- Cream
4 -Pale yellow
3- Yellow
5-Dark yellow
4- Orange
6-Pale orange
5- Pink
7-Intermediate orange
6- Red
8-Dark orange
7- Purple red
9-Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins
8-Purple
9-Dark purple
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
14
7. Disease (scab) and insect (leaf folder and beetles) incidence.
a. Scab disease. This was evaluated by rating the degree of disease using the
Rasco and Amante (1994) rating scale as follows:
SCALE DESCRIPTION REACTION
1
No symptom
Highly resistant
2
Few lesions on leaves and stem;
Resistant
Slight
infection
5
Several lesions on leaves and stems;
Moderately resistant
No
leaf
deformation
7
Several lesions on leaves and stems;
Susceptible
Lesions
coalesced
with
slight
leaf
deformation
9
Lesions on leaves and stems coalesced;
Highly susceptible
Severe leaf deformation and stem twisting
b. Beetle and leaf folder. This was evaluated by rating the degree of insect
damage using the Rasco and Amante( 1994) rating scale as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1
Heavy infestation (more than 50%)
2
Medium heavy infestation (25- 50 %)
3
Medium infestation (5- 25 %)
4
Medium light infestation (1- 5 %)
5
Light infestation (less than 1%)
8. Yield and yield components
a. Number and weight of marketable storage roots (kg). All storage roots with a
diameter of 3 cm and above and free from injuries were counted and weighed at harvest.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
15
b. Number and weight of non- marketable storage roots (kg). These were storage
roots with a diameter of less than 3 cm and have sufficient damage were weighed at
harvest.
c. Storage yield per plant (kg). Storage roots from each treatment per replication
were weighed at harvest.
9. Sensory evaluation. Sample roots were boiled and evaluated according to
consistency, color, and sweetness using the following scales:
CONSISTENCY OF
COLOR OF BOILED
SWEETNESS OF BOILED
BOILED STORAGE
STORAGE ROOTS
STORAGE ROOTS
ROOTS
1-Watery
1-Some beige
1- Bland
2-Extremely soft
2-Much beige
2- Slightly sweet
3-Very soft
3-Sligthly green or
3-Moderately sweet
4-Soft 4-Green
4-
Sweet
5-Slightly hard
5- Grey
5-Very sweet
6-Moderately hard
6- Beige and green
7-Hard
7- Beige and grey
8-Very hard
8-Beige and purple
9-Very hard and not
9-Purple
cooked
10. Dry matter content. The dry matter content of storage roots was determined by
getting 100g sample from a mixture of two to three sample roots from 5 plants per
treatment, cut into pieces longitudinally and transversely. Samples were oven dried at 60
0C for 4 to 5 days. Dry matter content was obtained using the following formula:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
16
a. MC = fresh weight – dry weight x 100
fresh weight
b. % DMC=100-% MC
11. Harvest index. This was computed using the formula as follows:
SRDW
HI=
LDW+VDW+SRDW+RDW
Where:
SRDW= Storage root dry weight
LDW=Leaf dry weight
VDW= Vine dry weight
RDW= Root dry weight
12. Return on cash expense (ROCE). This was computed using the following
formula:
Net Income
ROCE =
X 100
Total cost of production
Data Analysis
Data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance for randomized
complete block design. Significance of difference between treatments was tested using
the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Survival
Table 1 shows the percentage survival of eight sweetpotato genotypes. Highly
significant differences were observed among the sweetpotato genotypes. Most of the
genotypes evaluated have high percentage of survival of more than 95%. However,
Kawitan OP gave the lowest percentage survival of 86.67%.
Table 1. Percentage survival of eight sweetpotato genotypes at 30 days after planting
(DAP)
GENOTYPE
SURVIVAL
(%)
Darwin OP
95.56a
Kawitan OP
86.67b
Miracle OP
95.56a
Peke Negro OP
100.00a
Violet OP
97.78a
Wagwag OP
96.67a
Bengueta (check)
100.00a
Kalbo-oy (check)
100.00a
CV (%)
3.25
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
18
Plant Vigor
Highly significant differences were observed on the plant vigor of the eight
sweetpotato genotypes at 60 and 90 DAP (Table 2). It was observed that Miracle OP
Violet OP and Bengueta were the most vigorous except for Darwin OP, Kawitan OP and
Kalbo-oy OP which were vigorous and moderately vigorous. Figure 1-4 present the
plants at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP.
Table 2. Plant vigor of eight sweetpotato genotypes at 60 and 90 days after planting
(DAP)
GENOTYPE
PLANT VIGOR
60 DAP
90 DAP
Darwin OP
3.00c
3.67b
Kawitan OP
3.67bc
4.00b
Miracle OP
5.00a
5.00a
Peke Negro OP
4.33ab
5.00a
Violet OP
5.00a
5.00a
Wagwag OP
4.67a
5.00a
Bengueta (check)
5.00c
5.00a
Kalbo-oy (check)
3.67bc
4.67a
CV (%)
10.01
6.40
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Rating scale (1-5): 1 - Poor vigor; 2 – Less vigorous; 3 – Vigorous; 4 – Moderately
vigorous, 5 – Highly vigorous
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
19
Fig. 1. Sweetpotato genotypes at 30 DAP
Fig . 2. Sweetpotato genotypes at 60 DAP
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
20
Fig. 3. Sweetpotato genotypes at 90 days after planting (DAP)
Fig. 4. Sweetpotato genotypes at 120 days after planting (DAP)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
21
Plant Type
Most of the sweetpotato genotypes were spreading except for Miracle OP that was
semi-erect and Bengueta that was extremely spreading.
Leaf Characters
Mature Leaf Shape
The eight sweetpotato genotypes varied in their type of leaf lobing, lobe number
and shape of central lobe (Table 3).
Mature Leaf Size
Mature leaf size of eight sweetpotato genotypes are shown in Table 3. Significant
differences were observed among the sweetpotato genotypes. Wagwag OP has the
largest leaf of 11.12 cm which is comparable with Miracle OP and Violet OP with 10.36
cm and 10.19 cm respectively. On the other hand, Darwin OP has the smallest leaf of
8.43 cm.
Abaxial Leaf Vein Pigmentation
Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation of the eight sweetpotato genotypes are shown in
Table 3. Green abaxial leaf vein pigmentation was observed from Darwin OP, Peke
Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy. On the other hand, main rib partially purple was
observed from Miracle OP and Violet OP while Kawitan OP and Bengueta have abaxial
leaf vein pigmentation of all the veins partially purple.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
22
Petiole Pigmentation
Green petiole pigmentation was observed from Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and
Kalbo-oy. Green with purple stripes was observed from Violet OP while Bengueta has
green with purple near leaf petiole pigmentation. Darwin OP and Miracle OP have green
with purple spots throughout petiole while Kawitan OP has totally or mostly purple
petiole pigmentation (Table 3).
Foliage Color
The color of the mature and immature leaves of eight sweetpotato genotypes are
shown in Table 3. Most of the genotypes have green mature leaf color except for Darwin
OP with a mature leaf color of green with pigmented edge. However, the different
sweetpotato genotypes showed variability in terms of immature leaf color.
Petiole Length
Petiole length of eight sweetpotato genotypes significantly differed (Table 3).
Kalbo-oy significantly gave the longest petiole comparable with Miracle OP and
Wagwag OP while Darwin OP has the shortest petiole.
Vine Characters
Vine Length
Results showed highly significant differences on the vine length of the eight sweet
potato genotypes (Table 4). It was observed that Bengueta significantly had the longest
vines as compared with the other genotypes.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
23
Table 3. Leaf characters of eight sweetpotato genotypes
MATURE LEAF SHAPE
FOLIAGE COLOR
ABAXIAL LEAF
PETIOLE
GENOTYPE
MATURE
PETIOLE
VEIN
PIGMENTATION
LEAF
LENGTH
PIGMENTATION
Type of
No.
Shape of
Immature
Mature
SIZE
Lobing
of
Central
Leaf
Leaf
Lobe
Lobe
Semi-
Green with
Green with
Green with purple
Darwin OP
Moderate
5
elliptic
7.94c
pigmented
purple veins
7.94c
Green
spots throughout
edge
on upper
petiole
surface
Semi-
Mostly
All veins partially
Totally or mostly
Kawitan OP
Moderate
3
elliptic
10.20abc
Green
purple
10.20abc
purple
purple
Very slight
Slightly
Main rib partially
Green with purple
Miracle OP
1
Triangular
11.39ab
Green
purple
11.39ab
purple
spots throughout
petiole
Very deep
Green with
Peke Negro
5
Linear
9.69bc
Green
purple edge
9.69bc
Green
Green
OP
Semi-
Green with
Main rib partially
Green with purple
Violet OP
Slight
3
elliptic
10.29abc
Green
purple edge
10.29abc
purple
stripes
Green with
Wagwag OP
Deep
5
Elliptic
10.92ab
Green
purple edge
10.92ab
Green
Green
Very slight
Purple both
All veins partially
Green with purple
Bengueta
1
Toothed
10.17abc
Green
surfaces
10.17abc
stripes
near leaf
(check)
Semi-
Yellow green
Kalbo-oy
Moderate
3
elliptic
12.36a
Green
12.36a
Green
Green
(check)
Means in a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different from each other at 5% level DMRT
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
24
Vine Diameter
Results showed highly significant differences on vine diameter of the eight
sweetpotato genotypes (Table 4). Miracle OP significantly had the thickest vines
followed by Kalbo-oy. Thin vines were observed from Darwin OP.
Table 4. Vine characters of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
VINE
VINE
VINE
VINE TIP
LENGTH DIAMETER
PIGMENTATION PUBESCENCE
Green with many
Darwin OP
2.28b
3.44-c
purple spots
Moderate
Kawitan OP
2.20b
2.67d
Totally dark purple
Moderate
Green with many
Miracle OP
2.28b
5.11a
purple spots
Heavy
Peke Negro OP
2.39b
3.56c
Green
Moderate
Green with many
Violet OP
2.49b
4.11bc
purple spots
Heavy
Wagwag OP
2.20b
3.89bc
Green
Heavy
Green with few
Bengueta (check)
3.69a
4.11b
purple spots
Heavy
Kalbo-oy (check)
2.50b
4.33b
Green
Sparse
CV (%)
10.20 10.18
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Vine Pigmentation
Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy were noted to have green vines.
Darwin OP and Miracle OP have green with many purple spots while green with many
dark purple spots was observed from Violet OP, green with few purple spots was
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
25
observed from Bengueta and totally dark purple was observed from Kawitan OP (Table
4).
Vine Tip Pubescence
Table 4 shows the vine tip pubescence of eight sweetpotato genotypes.
Miracle OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP and Bengueta has heavy vine tip pubescence while
the rest of the sweetpotato genotypes have moderate vine tip pubescence except for
Kalbo-oy, which has a sparse vine tip pubescence.
Storage Root Characters
Table 5 summarizes the storage root formation, storage root shape, storage root
surface defects, storage root skin color and storage root flesh color of eight sweetpotato
genotypes.
Storage Root Formation
Most of the sweetpotato genotypes have dispersed storage root formation. Peke
Negro OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP, Bengueta and Kalbo-oy have dispersed storage root
formation while Darwin OP, Kawitan OP and Miracle OP have open cluster storage root
formation.
Storage Root Shape
Storage root shape of eight sweetpotato genotypes varied. Darwin OP and
Miracle OP have obovate shape while Peke Negro OP was ovate. Long elliptic storage
root shape was observed from genotypes Kawitan OP and Violet OP while the rest,
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
26
Bengueta, Kalbo-oy and Wag-wag OP have round elliptic, elliptic and long irregular or
curved storage root shape respectively.
Storage Root Surface Defects
Darwin OP, Peke Negro OP and Violet OP were observed to have deep horizontal
constrictions, deep longitudinal constrictions, deep constrictions and deep grooves.
Kawitan OP shows shallow longitudinal constrictions while Kawitan OP has veins
storage root surface defects. On the otherhand, absence of storage root surface defects
were observed from Wagwag OP, Kalbo-oy and Miracle OP.
Storage Root Skin Color
It was observed that Darwin OP, Kawitan OP and Violet OP have a purple red
skin color of storage roots. White skinned storage roots were observed from Miracle OP,
Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy. On the other hand, Peke Negro OP has red skinned storage
roots while Bengueta has brown skinned storage roots of storage root. The intensity of
storage root skin color differs among the genotypes.
Storage Root Flesh Color
The storage roots flesh color of the eight sweetpotato genotypes varies from white
to strongly pigmented with anthocyanin. Darwin OP, Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP and
Kalbo-oy have white flesh while Kawitan OP and Violet OP have a storage root flesh
strongly pigmented with anthocyanin. Wagwag OP was observed to have a pale yellow
flesh while Bengueta has a pale orange flesh.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
27
Table 5. Storage root characters of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE STORAGE
ROOT STORAGE ROOT
STORAGE ROOT
STORAGE ROOT SKIN
STORAGE ROOT
FORMATION
SHAPE
SURFACE
COLOR
FLESH COLOR
DEFECTS
Predominant
Intensity of
Color
Predominant
Color
Deep horizontal
Darwin OP
Open Cluster
Obovate
constrictions
Purple red
Pale
White
Strongly pigmented
Kawitan OP
Open Cluster
Long elliptic
Veins
Purple red
Dark
with anthocyanin
Miracle OP
Dispersed
Obovate
Absent
White
Intermediate
White
Deep longitudinal
Peke Negro
Dispersed
Ovate
constrictions
Red
Intermediate
White
OP
Deep constrictions
Strongly pigmented
Violet OP
Dispersed
Long elliptic
and deep grooves
Purple Red
Pale
with anthocyanin
Long irregular or
Wagwag OP
Dispersed
curved
Absent
White
Intermediate
Pale yellow
Shallow
Bengueta
Dispersed
Round elliptic
longitudinal
Brown
Intermediate
Pale orange
(check)
constrictions
Kalbo-oy
Dispersed
Elliptic
Absent
White
Dark
White
(check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
28
Disease Incidence and Insect Infestation
Scab Disease Incidence
Table 6 shows the leaf scab damaged of the eight sweetpotato genotypes. It was
observed that most of the genotypes were highly resistant at 90 and 120 days after
planting except for Darwin OP that was least resistant.
Insect (Beetle and Leaf Folder) Infestation
Medium light infestations to light infestation of beetles were observed among the
eight sweetpotato genotypes evaluated. At 90 DAP, Darwin OP, Miracle OP, Peke
Negro OP, Violet OP and Kalbo-oy were lightly infested while the rest were observed to
Table 6. Reaction to scab disease of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
REACTION
90 DAP
120 DAP
Darwin OP
2.67
3.33
Kawitan OP
1.00
1.00
Miracle OP
1.00
1.00
Peke Negro OP
1.00
1.00
Violet OP
1.00
1.00
Wagwag OP
1.00
1.00
Bengueta (check)
1.00
1.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
1.33
2.33
Rating Scale (1-7): 1-Highly resistant; 3-Resistant; 5–Moderately resistant, 7-Susceptible
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
29
have a medium light infestation. At 120 DAP, most of the genotypes have medium light
infestation except for Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP and Wagwag OP with light infestation.
On the other hand, all the genotypes were not infested with leaf folder (Table 7).
Yield and yield components
Number and Weight of Marketable
Storage Roots
As shown in Table 8, there were significant differences among the genotypes in
terms of number of marketable storage roots. Miracle OP produced the most numerous
storage roots (65.00) followed by Wagwag OP (49.33). On the other hand, there were no
Table 7. Reaction to beetle of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
REACTION
90 DAP
120 DAP
Darwin OP
5.00
4.67
Kawitan OP
4.67
4.33
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
Violet OP
5.00
4.33
Wagwag OP
4.67
5.00
Bengueta (check)
4.67
4.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
5.00
4.33
Rating Scale (1-5): 1-Heavy infestation; 2-Medium heavy infestation; 3-Medium
infestation; 4-Medium light infestation, 5–Light infestation
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
30
Table 8. Number and weight of marketable storage roots of the eight sweetpotato
genotypes
GENOTYPE
MARKETABLE STORAGE ROOTS
Number Weight
(kg/plant)
Darwin OP
17.67c
1.48
Kawitan OP
34.33bc
1.93
Miracle OP
65.00a
5.00
Peke Negro OP
35.67b
3.47
Violet OP
37.33b
3.15
Wagwag OP
49.33ab
4.25
Bengueta (check)
42.00b
3.67
Kalbo-oy (check)
38.67b
3.40
CV (%)
24.31
40.51
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
significant differences among the sweetpotato genotypes in terms of weight of
marketable storage roots. However, high marketable weight was obtained in Miracle
OP (5.00 kg.)
Number and Weight of Non-Marketable
Storage Roots
As shown in Table 9, significant differences were noted among the eight
sweetpotato genotypes in terms of non-marketable storage roots. Violet OP produced the
most numerous non-marketable storage roots with a mean of 83.00 as compared to
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
31
Kawitan OP (63.67), Peke Negro OP (62.67) and Miracle OP (60.00). In terms of non-
marketable weight, results showed no significant differences. Nevertheless, genotype
Miracle OP obtained the heaviest weight of non-marketable storage roots.
It was observed that the number of non-marketable storage roots was higher
than the number of marketable storage roots and this could be attributed by improper
sorting when the marketable storage roots were considered as non-marketable. This
could explain the high CV obtained.
Table 9. Number and weight of non-marketable storage roots of the eight sweetpotato
genotypes
GENOTYPE
NON-MARKETABLE STORAGE ROOTS
Number Weight
(kg/plant)
Darwin OP
40.67bc
0.92
Kawitan OP
63.67ab
1.35
Miracle OP
60.00ab
0.93
Peke Negro OP
83.00a
1.42
Violet OP
37.67bc
1.42
Wagwag OP
42.00bc
0.93
Bengueta (check)
30.33c
0.77
Kalbo-oy (check)
38.67b
0.65
CV (%)
28.93
35.29
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
32
Storage Root Yield per Plant
Storage root yield per plant did not significantly differ among the eight
sweetpotato genotypes (Table 10). Numerically, yield was higher in Miracle OP (5.93
kg) as compared with the other genotypes. Fewer yield was observed on the genotype
Darwin OP (2.40 kg). Figure 5 and 6 show the storage roots harvested from the different
genotypes.
Sensory Evaluation
Table 11 shows the consistency of boiled storage roots, color of boiled storage
roots and sweetness of boiled storage roots of the eight sweetpotato genotypes evaluated.
Table 10. Storage root yield per plant of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
STORAGE ROOT YIELD
(kg/plant)
Darwin OP
2.40
Kawitan OP
3.28
Miracle OP
5.93
Peke Negro OP
4.88
Violet OP
4.57
Wagwag OP
5.18
Bengueta (check)
4.43
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.05
CV (%)
27.78
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
33
Fig. 5. Marketable storage roots of the eight sweetpotato genotypes: 1-Kalbo-oy (check),
2-Kawitan OP, 3-Miracle OP, 4-Darwin OP, 5-Wagwag OP, 6-Peke Negro OP, 7-
Violet OP and Bengueta (check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
34
Fig. 6. Storage root yield per plant of the eight sweetpotato genotypes: 1-Kalbo-oy
(check) OP; 2-Kawitan OP; 3-Miracle OP; 4-Darwin OP; 5-Wagwag OP;
6-Peke OP; 7-Violet OP, 8-Bengueta (check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
35
Results showed that the consistency of boiled storage roots of Kawitan OP, Miracle OP,
Peke Negro OP and Violet OP were soft; Darwin OP was very soft; Wagwag OP and
Bengueta were slightly hard while Kalbo-oy was hard.
Genotypes Darwin OP, Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy
had grey color of the boiled storage root while genotypes Kawitan OP and Miracle OP
showed purple color. Only genotype Bengueta was observed to have a pale orange color.
As for the consistency of boiled storage roots, Kawitan OP, Miracle OP, Peke
Negro OP and Violet OP were soft while Darwin OP was very soft as compared to
Wagwag OP and Bengueta were slightly hard while Kalbo-oy was hard. Most of the
genotypes were slightly sweet (Darwin OP, Kawitan OP, Miracle OP, Violet OP,
Wagwag OP and Bengueta except Kalbo-oy that was moderately sweet and Peke Negro
OP which was sweet as evaluated by the panelists.
Table 11. Sensory evaluation of boiled storage roots of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
CONSISTENCY
COLOR
SWEETNESS
Darwin OP
Very soft
Grey
Slightly sweet
Kawitan OP
Soft
Purple
Slightly sweet
Miracle OP
Soft
Grey
Slightly sweet
Peke Negro OP
Soft
Grey
Sweet
Violet OP
Soft
Purple
Slightly sweet
Wagwag OP
Slightly hard
Grey
Slightly sweet
Bengueta (check)
Slightly hard
Pale orange
Slightly sweet
Kalbo-oy (check)
Hard
Grey
Moderately Sweet
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
36
Dry Matter Content
Dry matter content of storage roots of eight sweetpotato genotypes are shown in
Table 12. Highly significant differences were noted among the sweetpotato genotypes.
Kawitan OP significantly obtained the highest dry matter content of storage roots
(33.23%) followed by Peke Negro OP (29.27%) while Miracle OP (20.93%) and Darwin
OP (20.23%) gave the lowest dry matter content of storage roots.
Harvest Index
Highly significant differences were observed among the eight sweetpotato
genotypes (Table 13). Kawitan (OP) significantly gave the highest harvest index (1.64)
as compared to the other genotypes while Darwin OP obtained the lowest harvest index
(0.69).
Table 12. Dry matter content of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
Darwin OP
20.23f
Kawitan OP
33.23a
Miracle OP
20.93f
Peke Negro OP
29.27b
Violet OP
25.37d
Wagwag OP
23.27e
Bengueta (check)
22.63e
Kalbo-oy (check)
27.20c
CV
(%)
2.74
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
37
Table 13. Harvest index of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
HARVEST INDEX
Darwin OP
0.69c
Kawitan OP
1.64a
Miracle OP
0.99bc
Peke Negro OP
1.07bc
Violet OP
1.18b
Wagwag OP
1.10b
Bengueta (check)
0.93bc
Kalbo-oy (check)
0.92bc
CV (%)
19.13
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Return on Cash Expense
Table 14 shows the return on cash expense of the eight sweetpotato genotypes.
Results revealed that most of the sweetpotato genotypes gave a positive ROCE. Miracle
OP gave the highest ROCE (61.8%) followed by Wagwag OP (41.36%) while negative
ROCE was obtained from Darwin OP and Kawitan OP with a ROCE of –34.55 % and
–104.55% respectively.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
38
Table 14. Return on cash expense from the eight sweetpotato genotypes
TOTAL COST OF
TOTAL
GROSS
NET
GENOTYPE
PRODUCTION
YIELD
INCOME
INCOME
ROCE
(Php)
(Kg)
(Php)
(Php)
(%)
Darwin OP
110
7.20
72.00
-38.00
-34.55
Kawitan OP
110
9.85
98.50
-115.00
-104.55
Miracle OP
110
17.80
178.00
68.00
61.82
Peke Negro
110
14.65
146.50
36.50
33.18
OP
Violet OP
110
13.70
137.00
27.00
24.55
Wagwag OP
110
15.55
155.50
45.50
41.36
Bengueta
110
13.30
133.00
23.00
20.91
(check)
Kalbo-oy
110
12.15
121.50
11.50
10.45
(check)
*Total expenses includes tools and fertilizer used; selling price (10.00/kilo)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
39
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet from October 2007-
April 2008 to determine the agronomic characters of open-pollinated sweetpotato
genotypes and; to determine the sweetpotato genotypes adapted in the locality.
Eight (8) sweetpotato genotypes were characterized and evaluated. The eight
sweet potato genotypes have varied leaf, stem and storage root characters. Most of the
sweetpotato genotypes were spreading except for Bengueta that was extremely spreading
and Miracle OP that was semi-erect.
No significant differences were noted on the weight of marketable storage roots,
weight of non-marketable storage roots and average storage root yield. However,
numerically, Miracle OP produced the heaviest weight of marketable storage roots and
average storage roots while Peke Negro OP and Violet OP produced the heaviest weight
of non-marketable storage roots. In terms of the number of non-marketable storage roots,
mature leaf size, and petiole length of the eight sweetpotato genotypes, significant
differences were observed. Violet OP significantly had the highest number of non-
marketable storage roots comparable to Kawitan OP, Miracle OP and Peke Negro OP.
Darwin OP produced the least number of non-marketable storage roots. For the mature
leaf size and petiole length, Wagwag OP significantly had the largest leaf comparable to
Miracle OP and Violet OP while Kalbo-oy had the longest petiole comparable to Miracle
OP and Bengueta. Smallest leaf and shortest petiole was observed from Darwin OP.
Results also showed highly significant differences among the eight sweetpotato
genotypes in terms of plant survival, plant vigor, number of marketable storage roots, dry
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
40
matter content, harvest index, vine length and vine diameter. In terms of plant vigor,
Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP and Bengueta were highly vigorous while Darwin OP was
least vigorous at 60 DAP. At 90 DAP, most of the sweetpotato genotypes were highly
vigorous except for Darwin OP which was the least vigorous. Miracle OP gave the
highest number of marketable storage roots while Darwin OP produced the least number
of marketable storage roots. Kawitan OP has high dry matter content and harvest index
among the eight sweetpotato genotypes.
Most of the sweetpotato genotypes were highly resistant to scab disease except for
Darwin OP.
On the sensory evaluation of boiled storage roots, the color and consistency of
boiled storage roots varied while for the sweetness of boiled storage roots, Peke Negro
OP was rated as the sweetest, Kalbo-oy as moderately sweet and the rest were slightly
sweet. Most of the sweetpotato genotypes showed positive ROCE.
Conclusions
Sweetpotato genotypes differed in their morphological characters.
Based on storage root yield, ROCE resistance to scab disease and vigor, Miracle
OP, Peke Negro OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP, Bengueta and Kalbo-oy are adapted at
Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet and can be grown profitably.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
41
Recommendation
Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP are recommended at
Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet. Characterization of sweetpotato germplasm should be a
continuing activity.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
42
LITERATURE CITED
ALFONSO, J. I. 2006. Characterization, evaluation, diversity and cluster analysis
of sweetpotato varieties in La Trinidad, Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 52.
HUAMAN, Z. 2008. Morphologic identification of duplicates in collection of Ipomoea
batatas accessed at http//www.cipotato.org/training/materials/sweetpotato% 201-
3.asp.
IBPGR.1981.Germplasmdocumentation accessed at http//www.bioversityinternational.
org/themes/germplasmdocumentation/index.asp
MACKAY, K. T., M. K. PALOMAR and T. SANICO. 1989. Sweetpotato research and
development for small farmers. SEAMO-SEAILCA College, Laguna,
Philippines. P.325.
NORTHERN PHILIPPINE ROOT CROPS RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER.
1990. Assessment of pest production, utilization and processing techniques,
losses and problems in sweetpotatoes. NPRCRTC, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 2.
NORTHERN PHILIPPINES ROOT CROP RESEARCH AND TRAINIUNG CENTER.
1990. Highland Sweetpotatoes: 2nd Ann OP; 7-Violet OP, 8-Bengueta ual Report
(August 1989- July 1990). NPRCRTC. Benguet State University. La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 48.
RASCO, E. T. and V. P. AMANTE. 1994. Sweetppotato variety evaluation. Vol. 1.
Southeast Asian Program for Potato Research and Development. Los Baňos,
Laguna, Philippines. P. 26.
REBUJIO, M. L. 2003. Morphological characterization diversity analysis and evaluation
of sweetpotato genotypes. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.P.42.
SANGGAWA, J. A. 2004. Characterization and evaluation of “Kalbo-oy” strains
collected from different sources. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 27.
SHAGOL, C. C. 2001. Morphological characters associated with yield on sweetpotato.
BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 24.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
43
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE 1. Percentage survival (%) at 30 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
100.00
100.00
86.67
286.67
95.56
Kawitan OP
86.67
86.67
86.67
260.01
86.67
Miracle OP
96.67
96.67
93.33
286.67
95.56
Peke Negro OP
100.00
100.00
100.00
300.00
100.00
Violet OP
100.00
96.67
96.67
293.34
97.78
Wagwag OP
96.67
93.33
100.00
290.00
96.67
Bengueta (check)
100.00
100.00
100.00
300.00
100.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
100.00
100.00
100.00
300.00
100.00
TOTAL
780.01
773.34
763.34
2316.69
96.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 410.4547
58.6364
5.95**
2.76
4.28
Block 2
17.5991
8.7995
Error 14
137.9343
9.8525
TOTAL 23 565.9881
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation – 3.25%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
1.81
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
44
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Plant vigor at 60 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
2.00
3.00
4.00
9.00
3.00
Kawitan OP
3.00
4.00
4.00
11.00
3.67
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
Violet OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Wagwag OP
4.00
5.00
5.00
14.00
4.67
Bengueta (check)
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
3.00
4.00
4.00
11.00
3.67
TOTAL
31.00
36.00
36.00
103.00
4.29
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 12.2917
1.7560
9.52**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 2.0833
1.0417
Error 14 2.5833
0.1845
TOTAL 23 16.9583
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation – 10.01%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.2480
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
45
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Plant vigor at 90 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
3.00
4.00
4.00
11.00
3.67
Kawitan OP
4.00
4.00
4.00
12.00
4.00
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Violet OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Wagwag OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Bengueta (check)
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
TOTAL
37.00
38.00
37.00
112.00
4.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 6.0000
0.8571
9.60**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 0.0833
0.0417
Error 14 1.2500
TOTAL 23 7.3333
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 6.40%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.1725
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
46
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Mature leaf size (cm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
7.83
7.83
9.63
25.29
8.43c
Kawitan OP
8.37
8.63
10.50
27.50
9.17bc
Miracle OP
10.00
9.50
11.57
31.07
10.36ab
Peke Negro OP
9.77
10.20
9.40
29.37
9.79abc
Violet OP
10.13
9.67
10.77
30.57
10.19ab
Wagwag OP
9.87
10.93
12.57
33.37
11.12a
Bengueta (check)
10.40
8.73
9.73
28.86
9.62bc
Kalbo-oy (check)
9.17
8.83
8.90
26.90
8.97bc
TOTAL
75.54
74.32
83.07
232.93
9.71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 15.4397
2.2057
4.02*
2.76
4.28
Block 2 5.6147
2.8073
Error 14 7.6882
0.5492
TOTAL 23 28.7426
*
-
significant
Coefficient
of
Variation
–
7.64%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.4278
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
47
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Petiole length (cm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
8.60
7.10
8.13
23.83
7.94
Kawitan OP
10.00
8.83
11.77
30.60
10.20
Miracle OP
9.73
10.53
13.90
34.16
11.39
Peke Negro OP
9.67
9.63
9.77
29.07
9.69
Violet OP
11.50
8.27
11.10
30.87
10.29
Wagwag OP
10.86
10.27
11.63
32.76
10.92
Bengueta (check)
11.80
9.90
8.80
30.50
10.17
Kalbo-oy (check)
12.33
13.23
11.53
37.09
12.36
TOTAL
84.49
77.76
86.63
248.88
10.37
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 35.2117
5.0302
3.04*
2.76
4.28
Block 2 5.3562
2.6781
Error 14
23.1926
1.6566
TOTAL 23 63.7605
* - significant
Coefficient of Variation –12.41%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.7431
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
48
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Vine length (cm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
1.96
2.70
2.17
6.83
2.28b
Kawitan OP
2.30
2.10
2.20
6.60
2.20b
Miracle OP
2.00
2.33
2.50
6.83
2.28b
Peke Negro OP
2.37
2.30
2.50
7.17
2.39b
Violet OP
2.67
2.17
2.63
7.47
2.49b
Wagwag OP
2.43
2.03
2.13
6.59
2.20b
Bengueta (check)
3.93
3.33
3.80
11.06
3.69a
Kalbo-oy (check)
2.63
2.17
2.70
7.50
2.50b
TOTAL
20.29
19.13
20.63
60.05 2.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 5.1063
0.7295
11.20**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 0.1546
0.0773
Error 14 0.9122
0.0652
TOTAL 23 6.1732
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation –10.20%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.1474
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
49
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Vine diameter (mm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
3.00
3.33
4.00
10.33
3.44c
Kawitan OP
3.00
2.00
3.00
8.00
2.67d
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.33
15.33
5.11
Peke Negro OP
3.67
4.00
3.00
10.67
3.56c
Violet OP
4.00
4.33
4.00
12.33
4.11bc
Wagwag OP
3.67
4.00
4.00
11.67
3.89bc
Bengueta (check)
4.33
4.00
4.00
12.33
4.11bc
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.33
4.67
4.00
11.67
4.33b
TOTAL
31.00
31.33
31.33
93.66
3.90
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 10.7630
1.5376
9.74**
2.76 4.28
Block 2 0.0091
0.0045
Error 14 2.2110
0.1579
TOTAL 23 12.9831
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation –10.18%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.2294
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
50
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
9.00
11.00
33.00
53.00
17.67
Kawitan OP
19.00
32.00
52.00
103.00
34.33
Miracle OP
54.00
59.00
82.00
195.00
65.00
Peke Negro OP
33.00
45.00
29.00
107.00
35.67
Violet OP
31.00
28.00
53.00
112.00
37.33
Wagwag OP
45.00
42.00
61.00
148.00
49.33
Bengueta (check)
46.00
39.00
41.00
126.00
42.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
34.00
47.00
35.00
116.00
38.67
TOTAL
271.00
303.00
386.00
960.00
40.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7
3824.0000
546.2857
5.78**
2.76
4.28
Block 2
880.7500
440.3750
Error 14
1323.2500
94.5179
TOTAL 23
6028.0000
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation - 24.31%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
5.6130
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
51
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Weight of marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
0.35
0.50
3.60
4.45
1.48
Kawitan OP
0.95
1.85
3.00
5.80
1.93
Miracle OP
3.20
4.10
7.70
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
3.00
5.10
2.30
10.40
3.47
Violet OP
1.90
2.40
5.15
9.45
3.15
Wagwag OP
2.70
3.95
6.10
12.75
4.25
Bengueta (check)
3.50
2.90
4.60
11.00
3.67
Kalbo-oy (check)
2.95
4.90
2.35
10.20
3.40
TOTAL
18.55
25.70
34.80
79.05
3.29
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7
27.4649
3.9236
2.20ns 2.76
4.28
Block 2
16.5831
8.2916
Error 14
24.9285
1.7806
TOTAL 23 24.9285
ns
–
not
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 40.51%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.77
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
52
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Number of non-marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
48.00
45.00
29.00
122.00
40.67
Kawitan OP
54.00
62.00
75.00
191.00
63.67
Miracle OP
76.00
34.00
70.00
180.00
60.00
Peke Negro OP
64.00
30.00
94.00
188.00
62.67
Violet OP
86.00
78.00
85.00
249.00
83.00
Wagwag OP
21.00
44.00
48.00
113.00
37.67
Bengueta (check)
42.00
37.00
47.00
126.00
42.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
31.00
11.00
49.00
91.00
30.33
TOTAL
422.00
341.00
497.00
1260.00
52.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 6528.6667
932.6667
4.04*
2.76
4.28
Block 2
1521.7500
760.8750
Error 14
3229.5833
230.6845
TOTAL 23
11280.0000
*
-
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 28.93%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
8.7690
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
53
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Weight of non-marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
0.70
1.10
0.95
2.75
0.92
Kawitan OP
0.90
1.00
2.15
4.05
1.35
Miracle OP
0.80
0.80
1.20
2.80
0.93
Peke Negro OP
0.95
0.85
2.45
4.25
1.42
Violet OP
1.25
1.40
1.60
4.25
1.42
Wagwag OP
0.40
1.25
1.15
2.80
0.93
Bengueta (check)
0.70
0.65
0.95
2.30
0.77
Kalbo-oy (check)
0.85
0.25
0.85
1.95
0.65
TOTAL
6.55
7.30
11.30
25.15
1.05
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 1.9324
0.2761
2.02ns
2.76 4.28
Block 2 1.6302
0.8151
Error 14 1.9148
0.1368
TOTAL 23 5.4774
ns
-
not
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 35.29%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.21
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
54
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Storage root yield per plant (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
1.05
1.60
4.55
7.20
2.40
Kawitan OP
1.85
2.85
5.15
9.85
3.28
Miracle OP
4.00
4.90
8.90
17.80
5.93
Peke Negro OP
3.95
5.95
4.75
14.65
4.88
Violet OP
3.15
3.80
6.75
13.70
4.57
Wagwag OP
3.10
5.20
7.25
15.55
5.18
Bengueta (check)
4.20
3.55
5.55
13.30
4.43
Kalbo-oy (check)
3.80
5.15
3.20
12.15
4.05
TOTAL
25.10
33.00
46.10
104.20
4.34
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 25.7083
3.6726
2.52ns
2.76 4.28
Block 2
28.1258
14.0629
Error 14
20.36923
1.4549
TOTAL 23 74.2033
ns
–
not
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 27.78%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.69
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
55
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Dry matter content (%)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
20.60
19.60
20.50
60.70
20.23
Kawitan Op
34.90
32.80
32.00
99.70
33.23
Miracle OP
20.80
21.10
20.90
62.80
20.93
Peke Negro OP
29.60
28.90
29.30
87.80
29.27
Violet OP
25.90
24.90
25.30
76.10
25.37
Wagwag OP
23.50
22.50
23.80
69.80
23.27
Bengueta (check)
24.10
21.90
21.90
67.90
22.63
Kalbo-oy (check)
27.80
27.60
26.20
81.60
27.20
TOTAL
207.20
199.30
199.90
606.4
25.27
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 414.7867
59.2552
123.25**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 4.8358
2.4179
Error 14 6.7308
0.4808
TOTAL 23 426.3533
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 2.74%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.40
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
56
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Harvest index
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
1.02
0.02
1.03
2.07
0.69
Kawitan OP
1.74
1.56
1.61
4.91
1.64
Miracle OP
0.99
0.95
1.03
2.97
0.99
Peke Negro OP
1.05
1.08
1.08
3.21
1.07
Violet OP
1.20
1.17
1.17
3.54
1.18
Wagwag OP
1.09
1.09
1.12
3.30
1.10
Bengueta (check)
0.99
0.88
0.91
2.78
0.93
Kalbo-oy (check)
0.91
0.95
0.89
2.75
0.92
TOTAL
8.99
7.70
8.84
25.53
1.06
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 1.5860
0.2266
5.47**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 0.1244
0.0622
Error 14 0.5796
0.0414
TOTAL 23 2.2900
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation – 19.13%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.12
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
57
APPENDIX TABLE 15. Reaction to scab disease at 90 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
5.00
2.00
1.00
8.00
2.67
Kawitan OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Miracle OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Peke Negro OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Violet OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Wagwag OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Bengueta (check)
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
1.00
1.00
2.00
4.00
1.33
TOTAL
12.00
9.00
9.00
30.00
1.25
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
58
APPENDIX TABLE 16. Reaction to scab disease at 120 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
7.00
2.00
1.00
10.00
3.332.67
Kawitan OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Miracle OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Peke Negro OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Violet OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Wagwag OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Bengueta (check)
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
1.00
1.00
5.00
7.00
2.33
TOTAL
14.00
9.00
12.00
35.00
1.46
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
59
APPENDIX TABLE 17. Reaction to beetle at 90 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Kawitan OP
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Violet OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Wagwag OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Bengueta (check)
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.00
5.00
5.00
14.00
4.67
TOTAL
39.00
40.00
38.00
117.00
4.88
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
60
APPENDIX TABLE 18. Reaction to beetle at 120 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
Kawitan OP
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Violet OP
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
Wagwag OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Bengueta (check)
4.00
5.00
3.00
12.00
4.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
TOTAL
36.00
40.00
34.00
110.00
4.58
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
61
APPENDIX TABLE 19. Sensory evaluation sheet for the boiled storage roots
Name :
Rate the boiled storage roots according to the given scales:
CONSISTENCY OF COLOR OF BOILED SWEETNESS OF
GENOTYPE
BOILED STORAGE
STORAGE
BOILED
ROOTS
ROOTS
STORAGE
ROOTS
1
–
Watery
1 – Some beige
1 – Bland
2 – Extremely soft
2 – Much beige
2 - Slightly sweet
3 – Very soft
3 – Slightly green or
3 – Moderately
4 – Soft
grey
sweet
5 – Slightly hard
4 – Green
4 – Sweet
6 – Moderately hard
5 – Grey
5-Very sweet
7 – Hard
6 – Beige and green
8 – Very hard
7 – Beige and grey
9 – Very hard and not 8 – Beige and purple
cooked
9 - Purple
Darwin OP
Kawitan OP
Miracle OP
Peke Negro OP
Violet OP
Wagwag OP
Bengueta (check)
Kalbo-oy (check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
BANTAS, FEBEE B. MAY 2008. Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Eight sweet potato genotypes were characterized and evaluated to determine their
agronomic characters and to determine the sweetpotato genotypes adapted in Poblacion,
Kibungan, Benguet.
The eight sweetpotato genotypes varied on their leaf, stem and storage root
characters. Results showed that on the plant survival, plant vigor, mature leaf size,
petiole length, vine length, vine diameter, number of marketable storage roots, number of
non-marketable storage roots, dry matter content and harvest index, the eight sweetpotato
genotypes significantly differ.
Peke Negro OP, Bengueta and Kalbo-oy have 100% survival at 30 DAP. Miracle
OP, Violet OP and Bengueta OP were vigorous at 60 DAP and at 90 DAP most of the
genotypes were vigorous. Wagwag OP has the largest leaf while Kalbo-oy has the
longest petiole. Bengueta has the longest vines while Miracle OP has the thickest vines.
Miracle OP obtained the highest number of marketable storage roots while Violet OP
obtained the highest number of non-marketable storage roots. As to the weight of
marketable, non-marketable storage roots and average storage root yield, no significant
differences were observed. Kawitan OP significantly had the highest dry matter content
and harvest index among the eight sweetpotato genotypes.
On the sensory evaluation of boiled storage roots, the color and consistency of
boiled storage roots varied. Peke Negro was rated as the sweetest among the eight
sweetpotato genotypes. Most of the sweetpotato genotypes showed positive ROCE.
Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Bengueta are recommended at
Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet. Based on storage root yield, ROCE, resistance to scab
disease and vigor, these sweetpotato genotypes can be profitably grown. Furthermore,
characterization of sweetpotato germplasm should be a continuing activity.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Plant survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Plant vigor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Plant type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Mature leaf shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Mature leaf size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Petiole pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Foliage color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Petiole length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Vine length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Vine diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Vine pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Vine tip pubescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
25
Storage root formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
iii
Storage root shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Storage root surface defects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Storage root skin color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Storage root flesh color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Disease infestation and insect infestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Number and weight of marketable storage roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Number and weight of non-marketable storage roots . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Storage root yield per plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Sensory evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Dry matter content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Harvest index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Return on cash expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….. ….
42
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………
43
iv
INTRODUCTION
Sweetpotato
(Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important crop in the Cordillera. The root
is used as a staple food and the herbage is used as a main ingredient of swine in most
places. The crop is cultivated for its edible or fleshy storage roots and green tops
(NPRCRTC, 1990).
In the Philippines, sweetpotato is grown in rice fields just after rice, in backyards,
small gardens and in swidden farm (NPRCRTC, 1990).
The potential of sweetpotato is recognized because of its many uses, it is utilized
as human food, animal feed and as industrial raw material. According to Mackay et al.
(1989) root crops, particularly sweetpotatoes are often served as substitute for the
carbohydrate needs of most Filipinos especially those living in the mountains or remote
areas.
Sweetpotato as an important crop in the highlands must be given importance in
such a way that it will have high yield or production which will able to supply and
substitute the need of the people in times of food shortage.
Production of sweetpotatoes commercially could be considered a very important
factor by farmers in order to sustain food supply and other products derived from
sweetpotatoes. One way to attain this is by choosing and planting the right varieties with
good agronomic characteristics.
In the survey conducted by NPRCRTC (1990) sweetpotato farmers expressed the
need for improved varieties with good eating quality, high yielding, resistant to pests and
diseases and adapted to local conditions. With this situation, there is a need to introduce
other varieties that are high yielding and acceptable to the preferences of farmers as well
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
2
as to consumers. Thus, in order to determine the good varieties of sweetpotato and to
meet the demands of farmers and consumers, characterization and evaluation is
necessary.
Morphological characterization of accessions in a collection is important not
only to have a description of each accession but as well as identifying duplicate
accessions (Huaman, 2008). In addition, many of the characteristics that are recorded on
individual accessions can serve as diagnostic descriptors for the accessions. Such
diagnostic characters help genebank curators keep track of an accession and check for the
genetic integrity over a number of years of conservation (IBPGR, 1981).
The study was conducted to determine the agronomic characters of open-
pollinated sweetpotato genotypes in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet and to determine the
sweetpotato genotypes that are adapted in the locality.
The study was conducted at Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet from October 2007 to
March 2008.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Characterization
Variety characterization is the process of documenting variety traits that are
useful in distinguishing one variety from other varieties. In judging the worth of a variety,
some of these traits are useful not only for variety identification but as well as for
evaluation. In characterization, traits used are generally more stable and need not to be
taken repetitively in various stages of variety evaluation. In addition, characterization
data are used to eliminate duplicates in a collection, to assess agronomic and utilization
potential of an accession, to check accuracy of labeling in field experiments, and to serve
as basis for rouging mixtures in multiplication fields (Rasco and Amante, 1994).
Characterization Studies in Sweetpotato
In a study conducted by Rebujio (2003) on the morphological characterization,
diversity analysis and evaluation of sweetpotato genotypes results show that twenty
sweetpotato genotypes significantly differ for all characters measured. The result showed
that Tagalog, PSBSP 17 and Kawitan produced the highest storage root yield. Diversity
indices show low variation for qualitative characters and high variation quantitative
characters.
Shagol (2001) studied the morphological characters associated with yield in
sweetpotato and found out that the ten sweetpotato varieties are variable in morphology
and there was no strong association between the morphological characters and yield.
Based on the results, growth and yield performance of ten sweetpotato varieties depends
on the genetic constitution and the environment where they were grown.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
4
A study on characterization and evaluation of “ Kalbo–oy” strains collected from
different sources by Sanggawa (2004) showed that the different “Kalbo-oy” strains were
morphologically similar in terms of plant type, leaf characters (shape, central lobe, and
foliage color), storage root formation and storage root defects. However, the “Kalbo-oy”
strains were significantly different in terms of canopy cover, number of leaves, leaf area,
number of nodes and vine length. The results showed that “Kalbo-oy” strains are very
variable in some morphological characteristics and storage root yield parameters.
Alfonso (2006) conducted a study on the characterization, evaluation, diversity
and cluster analysis of sweetpotato varieties in La Trinidad, Benguet results show that the
qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sixteen sweetpotato varieties varied. It was
found out that the sixteen sweetpotato varieties exhibited highly significant differences
for all quantitative characters measured.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
5
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Land Preparation
An area of 120 m2 was manually cleaned and prepared for planting. The area was
divided into three blocks and each block consists of eight plots each measuring 1 x 5 m.
The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD).
Treatments
The genotypes were taken from the Northern Philippine Rootcrops Research and
Training Center, Benguet State University La Trinidad, Benguet while the check variety
“Kalbo-oy” was taken from Kibungan, Benguet.
The genotypes used were:
CODE GENOTYPE
G1
Darwin OP
G2
Kawitan
OP
G3
Miracle OP
G4
Peke
Negro
OP
G5
Violet
OP
G6
Wagwag OP
G7
Bengueta
(check)
G8
Kalbo-oy(check)
Planting and Planting Distance
Stem cuttings with a length of 25-30 cm were planted at one cutting per hill.
Spacing was 30 cm between rows and 30 cm between hills.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
6
Cultural Management Practices
All cultural management practices such as irrigation, weeding, and hilling-up
were uniformly employed.
Data Gathered:
The descriptors list for sweetpotato by Huaman (1991) was used.
1. Plant survival (%). This was the percentage of plants that survived and it was
taken by counting plant stand 30 DAP and computed using the formula:
% survival=
Number of plants that survived X 100
Total number of plants planted
2. Plant vigor. This was taken at 60 and 90 DAP using the CIP rating scale.
SCALE DESCRIPTION REMARKS
1
Plants are weak with few stems and Poor vigor
Leaves; very pale
2
Plants are weak with few thin stems Less vigorous
and leaves
3 Better than less vigorous Vigorous
4 Plants are moderately strong with
robust stems and leaves; leaves are Moderately
light green in color vigorous
5
Plants are strong with robust stems Highly vigorous
and leaves; leaves are dark green in color
3. Plant type. The growth habit at 90 DAP was described using the scale as
follows:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
3
Erect (<75)
5
Semi-erect (75-150)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
7
SCALE DESCRIPTION
7
Spreading (151-250 cm)
9
Extremely spreading (>250)
4. Leaf characters
a. Mature leaf shape. This was taken at 90 DAP and the leaves on the 8th node was
considered. This was described by a three- digit code where the first digit (hundreds)
indicates the type of the most common expression of leaf lobing, the second digit (tens),
the average total number of lobes, and the third digit (units) indicates the shape of the
central lobe of leaves.
TYPE OF LEAF LOBING NO. OF LOBES
SHAPE OF CENTRAL
LEAF LOBE
0-No lateral lobes
0-Absent
1-Very slight (teeth)
1
1-Toothed
3-Slight
3
2-Triangular
5-Moderate
5
3-Semi-circular
7-Deep
7
4-Semi-elliptic
9-Very deep
9
5-Elliptic
6-Lanceolate
7-Oblanceolate
8-Linear (broad)
9-Linear (narrow)
b. Mature leaf size. This was measured from the basal lobes to the tip of the
leaves and was recorded using the following scale:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
8
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
3
Small (<8cm)
5 Medium
(8-15cm)
7
Large (16-25cm)
9 Very
large
(>25cm)
c. Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation. This refers to the distribution of anthocyanin
pigmentation shown in the veins of the lower surface of leaves. The most frequent
expression was recorded at 90 DAP using the 1-9 scale follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Yellow
2
Green
3
Purple spot in the base of main rib
4
Purple spots in several veins
5 -Main
rib
partially
purple
6
Main rib mostly or totally purple
7 All
veins
partially
purple
8
All veins mostly or totally purple
9
Lower surface and veins totally
purple
d. Petiole pigmentation. Refers to the anthocyanin pigmentation in the petioles of
leaves. The most predominant color was recorded as follows and was taken at 90 DAP
using the 1-9 scale as follows:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
9
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1
Green
2 Green
with
purple
near
stem
3 Green
with
purple
near
leaf
4
Green with purple at both ends
5
Green with purple spots throughout
petiole
6 Green
with
purple
stripes
7 Purple
with
green
near
leaf
8
Some petioles purple, others green
9 Totally
or
mostly
purple
e. Foliage color. The color of fully expanded mature and immature leaves was
taken at 90 DAP using the 1-9 scales as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Yellow-green
2
Green
3 Green
with
purple
edge
4 Grayish-green
5
Green with purple veins on upper
surface
6 Slightly
purple
7 Mostly
purple
8 Green
upper,
purple
lower
9 Purple
both
surfaces
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
10
f. Petiole length. The petiole length was measured from the base to the insertion
with the blade and was recorded at 90 DAP using a scale as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Very
short
(<10
cm)
3 Short
(10-20
cm)
5
Intermediate (21-30 cm)
7
Long (31-40 cm)
9
Very long (>40 cm)
5. Vine/ Stem characters
a. Vine length and diameter. This was obtained using the following scales:
INTERNODE
LENGTH
INTRERNODE
DIAMETER
1-Very short (3 cm)
1- Very thin (4 mm)
3-Short
(3-5
cm)
3-
Thin
(4-6
mm)
5-Intermediate (6-9 cm)
5- Intermediate (7-9 mm)
7-Long
(10-12
cm)
7-
Thick
(10-12
mm)
9- Very long (>12 cm)
9- Very thick (>12 mm)
b. Vine pigmentation. This refers to the presence of anthocyanin pigmentation in
the vines besides the green color. This was taken at 90 DAP using the following scales:
PREDOMINANT VINE COLOR
SECONDARY
VINE
COLOR
1-Green
0-Absent
3-Green with few purple spots
1-Green base
4-Green with many purple spots 2-Green tip
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
11
PREDOMINANT
VINE
COLOR
SECONDARY
VINE
COLOR
5-Green with many dark
3-Green nodes
purple spots
6-Mostly purple
4-Purple base
7-Mostly dark purple
5-Purple tip
8-Totally dark purple
6-Purple nodes
9-Totally dark purple
c. Vine tip pubescence. Refers to the degree of hairiness of immature leaves
recorded at the apex of the vines and was taken at 60 DAP using a rating scale as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
0 Absent
3
Sparse
5
Moderate
7
Heavy
6. Storage root characters
a. Storage root formation. The arrangement of storage roots on the underground
stems was described as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Closed
cluster
3
Open cluster
7
Dispersed
9 Very
dispersed
b. Storage root shape. This was described as follows:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
12
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1 Round
2 Round
elliptic
3 Elliptic
4
Ovate
5 Obovate
6 Oblong
7 Long
oblong
8 Long
elliptic
9 Long
irregular
or
curved
c. Storage root surface defects. This was described as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
0 Absent
1
Alligator-
like
skin
2
Veins
3 Shallow
horizontal
constrictions
4 Deep
horizontal
constrictions
5 Shallow
longitudinal
constrictions
6 Deep
longitudinal
constrictions
7
Deep
constrictions
and
deep
grooves
d. Storage root skin color. This was described as follows:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
13
PREDOMINANT SKIN COLOR INTENSITY OF PREDOMINANT SKIN COLOR
1-White
1-Pale
2- Cream
2-Intermediate
3-Yellow
3-Dark
4-Orange
5- Brownish orange
6-Pink
7-Red
8-Purple red
9-Dark purple
e. Storage root flesh color. The color of the cross section of fresh storage roots
was described using the scales from 1-9 as follows:
PREDOMINANT SKIN COLOR
SECONDARY FLESH COLOR
1-White
0-Absent
2-Cream
1- White
3 -Dark cream
2- Cream
4 -Pale yellow
3- Yellow
5-Dark yellow
4- Orange
6-Pale orange
5- Pink
7-Intermediate orange
6- Red
8-Dark orange
7- Purple red
9-Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins
8-Purple
9-Dark purple
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
14
7. Disease (scab) and insect (leaf folder and beetles) incidence.
a. Scab disease. This was evaluated by rating the degree of disease using the
Rasco and Amante (1994) rating scale as follows:
SCALE DESCRIPTION REACTION
1
No symptom
Highly resistant
2
Few lesions on leaves and stem;
Resistant
Slight
infection
5
Several lesions on leaves and stems;
Moderately resistant
No
leaf
deformation
7
Several lesions on leaves and stems;
Susceptible
Lesions
coalesced
with
slight
leaf
deformation
9
Lesions on leaves and stems coalesced;
Highly susceptible
Severe leaf deformation and stem twisting
b. Beetle and leaf folder. This was evaluated by rating the degree of insect
damage using the Rasco and Amante( 1994) rating scale as follows:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
1
Heavy infestation (more than 50%)
2
Medium heavy infestation (25- 50 %)
3
Medium infestation (5- 25 %)
4
Medium light infestation (1- 5 %)
5
Light infestation (less than 1%)
8. Yield and yield components
a. Number and weight of marketable storage roots (kg). All storage roots with a
diameter of 3 cm and above and free from injuries were counted and weighed at harvest.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
15
b. Number and weight of non- marketable storage roots (kg). These were storage
roots with a diameter of less than 3 cm and have sufficient damage were weighed at
harvest.
c. Storage yield per plant (kg). Storage roots from each treatment per replication
were weighed at harvest.
9. Sensory evaluation. Sample roots were boiled and evaluated according to
consistency, color, and sweetness using the following scales:
CONSISTENCY OF
COLOR OF BOILED
SWEETNESS OF BOILED
BOILED STORAGE
STORAGE ROOTS
STORAGE ROOTS
ROOTS
1-Watery
1-Some beige
1- Bland
2-Extremely soft
2-Much beige
2- Slightly sweet
3-Very soft
3-Sligthly green or
3-Moderately sweet
4-Soft 4-Green
4-
Sweet
5-Slightly hard
5- Grey
5-Very sweet
6-Moderately hard
6- Beige and green
7-Hard
7- Beige and grey
8-Very hard
8-Beige and purple
9-Very hard and not
9-Purple
cooked
10. Dry matter content. The dry matter content of storage roots was determined by
getting 100g sample from a mixture of two to three sample roots from 5 plants per
treatment, cut into pieces longitudinally and transversely. Samples were oven dried at 60
0C for 4 to 5 days. Dry matter content was obtained using the following formula:
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
16
a. MC = fresh weight – dry weight x 100
fresh weight
b. % DMC=100-% MC
11. Harvest index. This was computed using the formula as follows:
SRDW
HI=
LDW+VDW+SRDW+RDW
Where:
SRDW= Storage root dry weight
LDW=Leaf dry weight
VDW= Vine dry weight
RDW= Root dry weight
12. Return on cash expense (ROCE). This was computed using the following
formula:
Net Income
ROCE =
X 100
Total cost of production
Data Analysis
Data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance for randomized
complete block design. Significance of difference between treatments was tested using
the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Survival
Table 1 shows the percentage survival of eight sweetpotato genotypes. Highly
significant differences were observed among the sweetpotato genotypes. Most of the
genotypes evaluated have high percentage of survival of more than 95%. However,
Kawitan OP gave the lowest percentage survival of 86.67%.
Table 1. Percentage survival of eight sweetpotato genotypes at 30 days after planting
(DAP)
GENOTYPE
SURVIVAL
(%)
Darwin OP
95.56a
Kawitan OP
86.67b
Miracle OP
95.56a
Peke Negro OP
100.00a
Violet OP
97.78a
Wagwag OP
96.67a
Bengueta (check)
100.00a
Kalbo-oy (check)
100.00a
CV (%)
3.25
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
18
Plant Vigor
Highly significant differences were observed on the plant vigor of the eight
sweetpotato genotypes at 60 and 90 DAP (Table 2). It was observed that Miracle OP
Violet OP and Bengueta were the most vigorous except for Darwin OP, Kawitan OP and
Kalbo-oy OP which were vigorous and moderately vigorous. Figure 1-4 present the
plants at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP.
Table 2. Plant vigor of eight sweetpotato genotypes at 60 and 90 days after planting
(DAP)
GENOTYPE
PLANT VIGOR
60 DAP
90 DAP
Darwin OP
3.00c
3.67b
Kawitan OP
3.67bc
4.00b
Miracle OP
5.00a
5.00a
Peke Negro OP
4.33ab
5.00a
Violet OP
5.00a
5.00a
Wagwag OP
4.67a
5.00a
Bengueta (check)
5.00c
5.00a
Kalbo-oy (check)
3.67bc
4.67a
CV (%)
10.01
6.40
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Rating scale (1-5): 1 - Poor vigor; 2 – Less vigorous; 3 – Vigorous; 4 – Moderately
vigorous, 5 – Highly vigorous
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
19
Fig. 1. Sweetpotato genotypes at 30 DAP
Fig . 2. Sweetpotato genotypes at 60 DAP
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
20
Fig. 3. Sweetpotato genotypes at 90 days after planting (DAP)
Fig. 4. Sweetpotato genotypes at 120 days after planting (DAP)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
21
Plant Type
Most of the sweetpotato genotypes were spreading except for Miracle OP that was
semi-erect and Bengueta that was extremely spreading.
Leaf Characters
Mature Leaf Shape
The eight sweetpotato genotypes varied in their type of leaf lobing, lobe number
and shape of central lobe (Table 3).
Mature Leaf Size
Mature leaf size of eight sweetpotato genotypes are shown in Table 3. Significant
differences were observed among the sweetpotato genotypes. Wagwag OP has the
largest leaf of 11.12 cm which is comparable with Miracle OP and Violet OP with 10.36
cm and 10.19 cm respectively. On the other hand, Darwin OP has the smallest leaf of
8.43 cm.
Abaxial Leaf Vein Pigmentation
Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation of the eight sweetpotato genotypes are shown in
Table 3. Green abaxial leaf vein pigmentation was observed from Darwin OP, Peke
Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy. On the other hand, main rib partially purple was
observed from Miracle OP and Violet OP while Kawitan OP and Bengueta have abaxial
leaf vein pigmentation of all the veins partially purple.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
22
Petiole Pigmentation
Green petiole pigmentation was observed from Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and
Kalbo-oy. Green with purple stripes was observed from Violet OP while Bengueta has
green with purple near leaf petiole pigmentation. Darwin OP and Miracle OP have green
with purple spots throughout petiole while Kawitan OP has totally or mostly purple
petiole pigmentation (Table 3).
Foliage Color
The color of the mature and immature leaves of eight sweetpotato genotypes are
shown in Table 3. Most of the genotypes have green mature leaf color except for Darwin
OP with a mature leaf color of green with pigmented edge. However, the different
sweetpotato genotypes showed variability in terms of immature leaf color.
Petiole Length
Petiole length of eight sweetpotato genotypes significantly differed (Table 3).
Kalbo-oy significantly gave the longest petiole comparable with Miracle OP and
Wagwag OP while Darwin OP has the shortest petiole.
Vine Characters
Vine Length
Results showed highly significant differences on the vine length of the eight sweet
potato genotypes (Table 4). It was observed that Bengueta significantly had the longest
vines as compared with the other genotypes.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
23
Table 3. Leaf characters of eight sweetpotato genotypes
MATURE LEAF SHAPE
FOLIAGE COLOR
ABAXIAL LEAF
PETIOLE
GENOTYPE
MATURE
PETIOLE
VEIN
PIGMENTATION
LEAF
LENGTH
PIGMENTATION
Type of
No.
Shape of
Immature
Mature
SIZE
Lobing
of
Central
Leaf
Leaf
Lobe
Lobe
Semi-
Green with
Green with
Green with purple
Darwin OP
Moderate
5
elliptic
7.94c
pigmented
purple veins
7.94c
Green
spots throughout
edge
on upper
petiole
surface
Semi-
Mostly
All veins partially
Totally or mostly
Kawitan OP
Moderate
3
elliptic
10.20abc
Green
purple
10.20abc
purple
purple
Very slight
Slightly
Main rib partially
Green with purple
Miracle OP
1
Triangular
11.39ab
Green
purple
11.39ab
purple
spots throughout
petiole
Very deep
Green with
Peke Negro
5
Linear
9.69bc
Green
purple edge
9.69bc
Green
Green
OP
Semi-
Green with
Main rib partially
Green with purple
Violet OP
Slight
3
elliptic
10.29abc
Green
purple edge
10.29abc
purple
stripes
Green with
Wagwag OP
Deep
5
Elliptic
10.92ab
Green
purple edge
10.92ab
Green
Green
Very slight
Purple both
All veins partially
Green with purple
Bengueta
1
Toothed
10.17abc
Green
surfaces
10.17abc
stripes
near leaf
(check)
Semi-
Yellow green
Kalbo-oy
Moderate
3
elliptic
12.36a
Green
12.36a
Green
Green
(check)
Means in a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different from each other at 5% level DMRT
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
24
Vine Diameter
Results showed highly significant differences on vine diameter of the eight
sweetpotato genotypes (Table 4). Miracle OP significantly had the thickest vines
followed by Kalbo-oy. Thin vines were observed from Darwin OP.
Table 4. Vine characters of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
VINE
VINE
VINE
VINE TIP
LENGTH DIAMETER
PIGMENTATION PUBESCENCE
Green with many
Darwin OP
2.28b
3.44-c
purple spots
Moderate
Kawitan OP
2.20b
2.67d
Totally dark purple
Moderate
Green with many
Miracle OP
2.28b
5.11a
purple spots
Heavy
Peke Negro OP
2.39b
3.56c
Green
Moderate
Green with many
Violet OP
2.49b
4.11bc
purple spots
Heavy
Wagwag OP
2.20b
3.89bc
Green
Heavy
Green with few
Bengueta (check)
3.69a
4.11b
purple spots
Heavy
Kalbo-oy (check)
2.50b
4.33b
Green
Sparse
CV (%)
10.20 10.18
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Vine Pigmentation
Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy were noted to have green vines.
Darwin OP and Miracle OP have green with many purple spots while green with many
dark purple spots was observed from Violet OP, green with few purple spots was
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
25
observed from Bengueta and totally dark purple was observed from Kawitan OP (Table
4).
Vine Tip Pubescence
Table 4 shows the vine tip pubescence of eight sweetpotato genotypes.
Miracle OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP and Bengueta has heavy vine tip pubescence while
the rest of the sweetpotato genotypes have moderate vine tip pubescence except for
Kalbo-oy, which has a sparse vine tip pubescence.
Storage Root Characters
Table 5 summarizes the storage root formation, storage root shape, storage root
surface defects, storage root skin color and storage root flesh color of eight sweetpotato
genotypes.
Storage Root Formation
Most of the sweetpotato genotypes have dispersed storage root formation. Peke
Negro OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP, Bengueta and Kalbo-oy have dispersed storage root
formation while Darwin OP, Kawitan OP and Miracle OP have open cluster storage root
formation.
Storage Root Shape
Storage root shape of eight sweetpotato genotypes varied. Darwin OP and
Miracle OP have obovate shape while Peke Negro OP was ovate. Long elliptic storage
root shape was observed from genotypes Kawitan OP and Violet OP while the rest,
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
26
Bengueta, Kalbo-oy and Wag-wag OP have round elliptic, elliptic and long irregular or
curved storage root shape respectively.
Storage Root Surface Defects
Darwin OP, Peke Negro OP and Violet OP were observed to have deep horizontal
constrictions, deep longitudinal constrictions, deep constrictions and deep grooves.
Kawitan OP shows shallow longitudinal constrictions while Kawitan OP has veins
storage root surface defects. On the otherhand, absence of storage root surface defects
were observed from Wagwag OP, Kalbo-oy and Miracle OP.
Storage Root Skin Color
It was observed that Darwin OP, Kawitan OP and Violet OP have a purple red
skin color of storage roots. White skinned storage roots were observed from Miracle OP,
Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy. On the other hand, Peke Negro OP has red skinned storage
roots while Bengueta has brown skinned storage roots of storage root. The intensity of
storage root skin color differs among the genotypes.
Storage Root Flesh Color
The storage roots flesh color of the eight sweetpotato genotypes varies from white
to strongly pigmented with anthocyanin. Darwin OP, Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP and
Kalbo-oy have white flesh while Kawitan OP and Violet OP have a storage root flesh
strongly pigmented with anthocyanin. Wagwag OP was observed to have a pale yellow
flesh while Bengueta has a pale orange flesh.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
27
Table 5. Storage root characters of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE STORAGE
ROOT STORAGE ROOT
STORAGE ROOT
STORAGE ROOT SKIN
STORAGE ROOT
FORMATION
SHAPE
SURFACE
COLOR
FLESH COLOR
DEFECTS
Predominant
Intensity of
Color
Predominant
Color
Deep horizontal
Darwin OP
Open Cluster
Obovate
constrictions
Purple red
Pale
White
Strongly pigmented
Kawitan OP
Open Cluster
Long elliptic
Veins
Purple red
Dark
with anthocyanin
Miracle OP
Dispersed
Obovate
Absent
White
Intermediate
White
Deep longitudinal
Peke Negro
Dispersed
Ovate
constrictions
Red
Intermediate
White
OP
Deep constrictions
Strongly pigmented
Violet OP
Dispersed
Long elliptic
and deep grooves
Purple Red
Pale
with anthocyanin
Long irregular or
Wagwag OP
Dispersed
curved
Absent
White
Intermediate
Pale yellow
Shallow
Bengueta
Dispersed
Round elliptic
longitudinal
Brown
Intermediate
Pale orange
(check)
constrictions
Kalbo-oy
Dispersed
Elliptic
Absent
White
Dark
White
(check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
28
Disease Incidence and Insect Infestation
Scab Disease Incidence
Table 6 shows the leaf scab damaged of the eight sweetpotato genotypes. It was
observed that most of the genotypes were highly resistant at 90 and 120 days after
planting except for Darwin OP that was least resistant.
Insect (Beetle and Leaf Folder) Infestation
Medium light infestations to light infestation of beetles were observed among the
eight sweetpotato genotypes evaluated. At 90 DAP, Darwin OP, Miracle OP, Peke
Negro OP, Violet OP and Kalbo-oy were lightly infested while the rest were observed to
Table 6. Reaction to scab disease of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
REACTION
90 DAP
120 DAP
Darwin OP
2.67
3.33
Kawitan OP
1.00
1.00
Miracle OP
1.00
1.00
Peke Negro OP
1.00
1.00
Violet OP
1.00
1.00
Wagwag OP
1.00
1.00
Bengueta (check)
1.00
1.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
1.33
2.33
Rating Scale (1-7): 1-Highly resistant; 3-Resistant; 5–Moderately resistant, 7-Susceptible
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
29
have a medium light infestation. At 120 DAP, most of the genotypes have medium light
infestation except for Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP and Wagwag OP with light infestation.
On the other hand, all the genotypes were not infested with leaf folder (Table 7).
Yield and yield components
Number and Weight of Marketable
Storage Roots
As shown in Table 8, there were significant differences among the genotypes in
terms of number of marketable storage roots. Miracle OP produced the most numerous
storage roots (65.00) followed by Wagwag OP (49.33). On the other hand, there were no
Table 7. Reaction to beetle of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
REACTION
90 DAP
120 DAP
Darwin OP
5.00
4.67
Kawitan OP
4.67
4.33
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
Violet OP
5.00
4.33
Wagwag OP
4.67
5.00
Bengueta (check)
4.67
4.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
5.00
4.33
Rating Scale (1-5): 1-Heavy infestation; 2-Medium heavy infestation; 3-Medium
infestation; 4-Medium light infestation, 5–Light infestation
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
30
Table 8. Number and weight of marketable storage roots of the eight sweetpotato
genotypes
GENOTYPE
MARKETABLE STORAGE ROOTS
Number Weight
(kg/plant)
Darwin OP
17.67c
1.48
Kawitan OP
34.33bc
1.93
Miracle OP
65.00a
5.00
Peke Negro OP
35.67b
3.47
Violet OP
37.33b
3.15
Wagwag OP
49.33ab
4.25
Bengueta (check)
42.00b
3.67
Kalbo-oy (check)
38.67b
3.40
CV (%)
24.31
40.51
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
significant differences among the sweetpotato genotypes in terms of weight of
marketable storage roots. However, high marketable weight was obtained in Miracle
OP (5.00 kg.)
Number and Weight of Non-Marketable
Storage Roots
As shown in Table 9, significant differences were noted among the eight
sweetpotato genotypes in terms of non-marketable storage roots. Violet OP produced the
most numerous non-marketable storage roots with a mean of 83.00 as compared to
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
31
Kawitan OP (63.67), Peke Negro OP (62.67) and Miracle OP (60.00). In terms of non-
marketable weight, results showed no significant differences. Nevertheless, genotype
Miracle OP obtained the heaviest weight of non-marketable storage roots.
It was observed that the number of non-marketable storage roots was higher
than the number of marketable storage roots and this could be attributed by improper
sorting when the marketable storage roots were considered as non-marketable. This
could explain the high CV obtained.
Table 9. Number and weight of non-marketable storage roots of the eight sweetpotato
genotypes
GENOTYPE
NON-MARKETABLE STORAGE ROOTS
Number Weight
(kg/plant)
Darwin OP
40.67bc
0.92
Kawitan OP
63.67ab
1.35
Miracle OP
60.00ab
0.93
Peke Negro OP
83.00a
1.42
Violet OP
37.67bc
1.42
Wagwag OP
42.00bc
0.93
Bengueta (check)
30.33c
0.77
Kalbo-oy (check)
38.67b
0.65
CV (%)
28.93
35.29
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
32
Storage Root Yield per Plant
Storage root yield per plant did not significantly differ among the eight
sweetpotato genotypes (Table 10). Numerically, yield was higher in Miracle OP (5.93
kg) as compared with the other genotypes. Fewer yield was observed on the genotype
Darwin OP (2.40 kg). Figure 5 and 6 show the storage roots harvested from the different
genotypes.
Sensory Evaluation
Table 11 shows the consistency of boiled storage roots, color of boiled storage
roots and sweetness of boiled storage roots of the eight sweetpotato genotypes evaluated.
Table 10. Storage root yield per plant of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
STORAGE ROOT YIELD
(kg/plant)
Darwin OP
2.40
Kawitan OP
3.28
Miracle OP
5.93
Peke Negro OP
4.88
Violet OP
4.57
Wagwag OP
5.18
Bengueta (check)
4.43
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.05
CV (%)
27.78
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
33
Fig. 5. Marketable storage roots of the eight sweetpotato genotypes: 1-Kalbo-oy (check),
2-Kawitan OP, 3-Miracle OP, 4-Darwin OP, 5-Wagwag OP, 6-Peke Negro OP, 7-
Violet OP and Bengueta (check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
34
Fig. 6. Storage root yield per plant of the eight sweetpotato genotypes: 1-Kalbo-oy
(check) OP; 2-Kawitan OP; 3-Miracle OP; 4-Darwin OP; 5-Wagwag OP;
6-Peke OP; 7-Violet OP, 8-Bengueta (check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
35
Results showed that the consistency of boiled storage roots of Kawitan OP, Miracle OP,
Peke Negro OP and Violet OP were soft; Darwin OP was very soft; Wagwag OP and
Bengueta were slightly hard while Kalbo-oy was hard.
Genotypes Darwin OP, Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP, Wagwag OP and Kalbo-oy
had grey color of the boiled storage root while genotypes Kawitan OP and Miracle OP
showed purple color. Only genotype Bengueta was observed to have a pale orange color.
As for the consistency of boiled storage roots, Kawitan OP, Miracle OP, Peke
Negro OP and Violet OP were soft while Darwin OP was very soft as compared to
Wagwag OP and Bengueta were slightly hard while Kalbo-oy was hard. Most of the
genotypes were slightly sweet (Darwin OP, Kawitan OP, Miracle OP, Violet OP,
Wagwag OP and Bengueta except Kalbo-oy that was moderately sweet and Peke Negro
OP which was sweet as evaluated by the panelists.
Table 11. Sensory evaluation of boiled storage roots of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
CONSISTENCY
COLOR
SWEETNESS
Darwin OP
Very soft
Grey
Slightly sweet
Kawitan OP
Soft
Purple
Slightly sweet
Miracle OP
Soft
Grey
Slightly sweet
Peke Negro OP
Soft
Grey
Sweet
Violet OP
Soft
Purple
Slightly sweet
Wagwag OP
Slightly hard
Grey
Slightly sweet
Bengueta (check)
Slightly hard
Pale orange
Slightly sweet
Kalbo-oy (check)
Hard
Grey
Moderately Sweet
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
36
Dry Matter Content
Dry matter content of storage roots of eight sweetpotato genotypes are shown in
Table 12. Highly significant differences were noted among the sweetpotato genotypes.
Kawitan OP significantly obtained the highest dry matter content of storage roots
(33.23%) followed by Peke Negro OP (29.27%) while Miracle OP (20.93%) and Darwin
OP (20.23%) gave the lowest dry matter content of storage roots.
Harvest Index
Highly significant differences were observed among the eight sweetpotato
genotypes (Table 13). Kawitan (OP) significantly gave the highest harvest index (1.64)
as compared to the other genotypes while Darwin OP obtained the lowest harvest index
(0.69).
Table 12. Dry matter content of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
Darwin OP
20.23f
Kawitan OP
33.23a
Miracle OP
20.93f
Peke Negro OP
29.27b
Violet OP
25.37d
Wagwag OP
23.27e
Bengueta (check)
22.63e
Kalbo-oy (check)
27.20c
CV
(%)
2.74
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
37
Table 13. Harvest index of the eight sweetpotato genotypes
GENOTYPE
HARVEST INDEX
Darwin OP
0.69c
Kawitan OP
1.64a
Miracle OP
0.99bc
Peke Negro OP
1.07bc
Violet OP
1.18b
Wagwag OP
1.10b
Bengueta (check)
0.93bc
Kalbo-oy (check)
0.92bc
CV (%)
19.13
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Return on Cash Expense
Table 14 shows the return on cash expense of the eight sweetpotato genotypes.
Results revealed that most of the sweetpotato genotypes gave a positive ROCE. Miracle
OP gave the highest ROCE (61.8%) followed by Wagwag OP (41.36%) while negative
ROCE was obtained from Darwin OP and Kawitan OP with a ROCE of –34.55 % and
–104.55% respectively.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
38
Table 14. Return on cash expense from the eight sweetpotato genotypes
TOTAL COST OF
TOTAL
GROSS
NET
GENOTYPE
PRODUCTION
YIELD
INCOME
INCOME
ROCE
(Php)
(Kg)
(Php)
(Php)
(%)
Darwin OP
110
7.20
72.00
-38.00
-34.55
Kawitan OP
110
9.85
98.50
-115.00
-104.55
Miracle OP
110
17.80
178.00
68.00
61.82
Peke Negro
110
14.65
146.50
36.50
33.18
OP
Violet OP
110
13.70
137.00
27.00
24.55
Wagwag OP
110
15.55
155.50
45.50
41.36
Bengueta
110
13.30
133.00
23.00
20.91
(check)
Kalbo-oy
110
12.15
121.50
11.50
10.45
(check)
*Total expenses includes tools and fertilizer used; selling price (10.00/kilo)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
39
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet from October 2007-
April 2008 to determine the agronomic characters of open-pollinated sweetpotato
genotypes and; to determine the sweetpotato genotypes adapted in the locality.
Eight (8) sweetpotato genotypes were characterized and evaluated. The eight
sweet potato genotypes have varied leaf, stem and storage root characters. Most of the
sweetpotato genotypes were spreading except for Bengueta that was extremely spreading
and Miracle OP that was semi-erect.
No significant differences were noted on the weight of marketable storage roots,
weight of non-marketable storage roots and average storage root yield. However,
numerically, Miracle OP produced the heaviest weight of marketable storage roots and
average storage roots while Peke Negro OP and Violet OP produced the heaviest weight
of non-marketable storage roots. In terms of the number of non-marketable storage roots,
mature leaf size, and petiole length of the eight sweetpotato genotypes, significant
differences were observed. Violet OP significantly had the highest number of non-
marketable storage roots comparable to Kawitan OP, Miracle OP and Peke Negro OP.
Darwin OP produced the least number of non-marketable storage roots. For the mature
leaf size and petiole length, Wagwag OP significantly had the largest leaf comparable to
Miracle OP and Violet OP while Kalbo-oy had the longest petiole comparable to Miracle
OP and Bengueta. Smallest leaf and shortest petiole was observed from Darwin OP.
Results also showed highly significant differences among the eight sweetpotato
genotypes in terms of plant survival, plant vigor, number of marketable storage roots, dry
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
40
matter content, harvest index, vine length and vine diameter. In terms of plant vigor,
Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP and Bengueta were highly vigorous while Darwin OP was
least vigorous at 60 DAP. At 90 DAP, most of the sweetpotato genotypes were highly
vigorous except for Darwin OP which was the least vigorous. Miracle OP gave the
highest number of marketable storage roots while Darwin OP produced the least number
of marketable storage roots. Kawitan OP has high dry matter content and harvest index
among the eight sweetpotato genotypes.
Most of the sweetpotato genotypes were highly resistant to scab disease except for
Darwin OP.
On the sensory evaluation of boiled storage roots, the color and consistency of
boiled storage roots varied while for the sweetness of boiled storage roots, Peke Negro
OP was rated as the sweetest, Kalbo-oy as moderately sweet and the rest were slightly
sweet. Most of the sweetpotato genotypes showed positive ROCE.
Conclusions
Sweetpotato genotypes differed in their morphological characters.
Based on storage root yield, ROCE resistance to scab disease and vigor, Miracle
OP, Peke Negro OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP, Bengueta and Kalbo-oy are adapted at
Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet and can be grown profitably.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
41
Recommendation
Miracle OP, Peke Negro OP, Violet OP, Wagwag OP are recommended at
Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet. Characterization of sweetpotato germplasm should be a
continuing activity.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
42
LITERATURE CITED
ALFONSO, J. I. 2006. Characterization, evaluation, diversity and cluster analysis
of sweetpotato varieties in La Trinidad, Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 52.
HUAMAN, Z. 2008. Morphologic identification of duplicates in collection of Ipomoea
batatas accessed at http//www.cipotato.org/training/materials/sweetpotato% 201-
3.asp.
IBPGR.1981.Germplasmdocumentation accessed at http//www.bioversityinternational.
org/themes/germplasmdocumentation/index.asp
MACKAY, K. T., M. K. PALOMAR and T. SANICO. 1989. Sweetpotato research and
development for small farmers. SEAMO-SEAILCA College, Laguna,
Philippines. P.325.
NORTHERN PHILIPPINE ROOT CROPS RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER.
1990. Assessment of pest production, utilization and processing techniques,
losses and problems in sweetpotatoes. NPRCRTC, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 2.
NORTHERN PHILIPPINES ROOT CROP RESEARCH AND TRAINIUNG CENTER.
1990. Highland Sweetpotatoes: 2nd Ann OP; 7-Violet OP, 8-Bengueta ual Report
(August 1989- July 1990). NPRCRTC. Benguet State University. La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 48.
RASCO, E. T. and V. P. AMANTE. 1994. Sweetppotato variety evaluation. Vol. 1.
Southeast Asian Program for Potato Research and Development. Los Baňos,
Laguna, Philippines. P. 26.
REBUJIO, M. L. 2003. Morphological characterization diversity analysis and evaluation
of sweetpotato genotypes. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.P.42.
SANGGAWA, J. A. 2004. Characterization and evaluation of “Kalbo-oy” strains
collected from different sources. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 27.
SHAGOL, C. C. 2001. Morphological characters associated with yield on sweetpotato.
BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 24.
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
43
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE 1. Percentage survival (%) at 30 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
100.00
100.00
86.67
286.67
95.56
Kawitan OP
86.67
86.67
86.67
260.01
86.67
Miracle OP
96.67
96.67
93.33
286.67
95.56
Peke Negro OP
100.00
100.00
100.00
300.00
100.00
Violet OP
100.00
96.67
96.67
293.34
97.78
Wagwag OP
96.67
93.33
100.00
290.00
96.67
Bengueta (check)
100.00
100.00
100.00
300.00
100.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
100.00
100.00
100.00
300.00
100.00
TOTAL
780.01
773.34
763.34
2316.69
96.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 410.4547
58.6364
5.95**
2.76
4.28
Block 2
17.5991
8.7995
Error 14
137.9343
9.8525
TOTAL 23 565.9881
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation – 3.25%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
1.81
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
44
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Plant vigor at 60 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
2.00
3.00
4.00
9.00
3.00
Kawitan OP
3.00
4.00
4.00
11.00
3.67
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
Violet OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Wagwag OP
4.00
5.00
5.00
14.00
4.67
Bengueta (check)
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
3.00
4.00
4.00
11.00
3.67
TOTAL
31.00
36.00
36.00
103.00
4.29
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 12.2917
1.7560
9.52**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 2.0833
1.0417
Error 14 2.5833
0.1845
TOTAL 23 16.9583
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation – 10.01%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.2480
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
45
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Plant vigor at 90 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
3.00
4.00
4.00
11.00
3.67
Kawitan OP
4.00
4.00
4.00
12.00
4.00
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Violet OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Wagwag OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Bengueta (check)
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
TOTAL
37.00
38.00
37.00
112.00
4.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 6.0000
0.8571
9.60**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 0.0833
0.0417
Error 14 1.2500
TOTAL 23 7.3333
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 6.40%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.1725
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
46
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Mature leaf size (cm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
7.83
7.83
9.63
25.29
8.43c
Kawitan OP
8.37
8.63
10.50
27.50
9.17bc
Miracle OP
10.00
9.50
11.57
31.07
10.36ab
Peke Negro OP
9.77
10.20
9.40
29.37
9.79abc
Violet OP
10.13
9.67
10.77
30.57
10.19ab
Wagwag OP
9.87
10.93
12.57
33.37
11.12a
Bengueta (check)
10.40
8.73
9.73
28.86
9.62bc
Kalbo-oy (check)
9.17
8.83
8.90
26.90
8.97bc
TOTAL
75.54
74.32
83.07
232.93
9.71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 15.4397
2.2057
4.02*
2.76
4.28
Block 2 5.6147
2.8073
Error 14 7.6882
0.5492
TOTAL 23 28.7426
*
-
significant
Coefficient
of
Variation
–
7.64%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.4278
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
47
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Petiole length (cm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
8.60
7.10
8.13
23.83
7.94
Kawitan OP
10.00
8.83
11.77
30.60
10.20
Miracle OP
9.73
10.53
13.90
34.16
11.39
Peke Negro OP
9.67
9.63
9.77
29.07
9.69
Violet OP
11.50
8.27
11.10
30.87
10.29
Wagwag OP
10.86
10.27
11.63
32.76
10.92
Bengueta (check)
11.80
9.90
8.80
30.50
10.17
Kalbo-oy (check)
12.33
13.23
11.53
37.09
12.36
TOTAL
84.49
77.76
86.63
248.88
10.37
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 35.2117
5.0302
3.04*
2.76
4.28
Block 2 5.3562
2.6781
Error 14
23.1926
1.6566
TOTAL 23 63.7605
* - significant
Coefficient of Variation –12.41%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.7431
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
48
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Vine length (cm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
1.96
2.70
2.17
6.83
2.28b
Kawitan OP
2.30
2.10
2.20
6.60
2.20b
Miracle OP
2.00
2.33
2.50
6.83
2.28b
Peke Negro OP
2.37
2.30
2.50
7.17
2.39b
Violet OP
2.67
2.17
2.63
7.47
2.49b
Wagwag OP
2.43
2.03
2.13
6.59
2.20b
Bengueta (check)
3.93
3.33
3.80
11.06
3.69a
Kalbo-oy (check)
2.63
2.17
2.70
7.50
2.50b
TOTAL
20.29
19.13
20.63
60.05 2.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 5.1063
0.7295
11.20**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 0.1546
0.0773
Error 14 0.9122
0.0652
TOTAL 23 6.1732
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation –10.20%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.1474
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
49
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Vine diameter (mm)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
3.00
3.33
4.00
10.33
3.44c
Kawitan OP
3.00
2.00
3.00
8.00
2.67d
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.33
15.33
5.11
Peke Negro OP
3.67
4.00
3.00
10.67
3.56c
Violet OP
4.00
4.33
4.00
12.33
4.11bc
Wagwag OP
3.67
4.00
4.00
11.67
3.89bc
Bengueta (check)
4.33
4.00
4.00
12.33
4.11bc
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.33
4.67
4.00
11.67
4.33b
TOTAL
31.00
31.33
31.33
93.66
3.90
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 10.7630
1.5376
9.74**
2.76 4.28
Block 2 0.0091
0.0045
Error 14 2.2110
0.1579
TOTAL 23 12.9831
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation –10.18%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.2294
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
50
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
9.00
11.00
33.00
53.00
17.67
Kawitan OP
19.00
32.00
52.00
103.00
34.33
Miracle OP
54.00
59.00
82.00
195.00
65.00
Peke Negro OP
33.00
45.00
29.00
107.00
35.67
Violet OP
31.00
28.00
53.00
112.00
37.33
Wagwag OP
45.00
42.00
61.00
148.00
49.33
Bengueta (check)
46.00
39.00
41.00
126.00
42.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
34.00
47.00
35.00
116.00
38.67
TOTAL
271.00
303.00
386.00
960.00
40.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7
3824.0000
546.2857
5.78**
2.76
4.28
Block 2
880.7500
440.3750
Error 14
1323.2500
94.5179
TOTAL 23
6028.0000
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation - 24.31%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
5.6130
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
51
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Weight of marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
0.35
0.50
3.60
4.45
1.48
Kawitan OP
0.95
1.85
3.00
5.80
1.93
Miracle OP
3.20
4.10
7.70
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
3.00
5.10
2.30
10.40
3.47
Violet OP
1.90
2.40
5.15
9.45
3.15
Wagwag OP
2.70
3.95
6.10
12.75
4.25
Bengueta (check)
3.50
2.90
4.60
11.00
3.67
Kalbo-oy (check)
2.95
4.90
2.35
10.20
3.40
TOTAL
18.55
25.70
34.80
79.05
3.29
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7
27.4649
3.9236
2.20ns 2.76
4.28
Block 2
16.5831
8.2916
Error 14
24.9285
1.7806
TOTAL 23 24.9285
ns
–
not
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 40.51%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.77
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
52
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Number of non-marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
48.00
45.00
29.00
122.00
40.67
Kawitan OP
54.00
62.00
75.00
191.00
63.67
Miracle OP
76.00
34.00
70.00
180.00
60.00
Peke Negro OP
64.00
30.00
94.00
188.00
62.67
Violet OP
86.00
78.00
85.00
249.00
83.00
Wagwag OP
21.00
44.00
48.00
113.00
37.67
Bengueta (check)
42.00
37.00
47.00
126.00
42.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
31.00
11.00
49.00
91.00
30.33
TOTAL
422.00
341.00
497.00
1260.00
52.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 6528.6667
932.6667
4.04*
2.76
4.28
Block 2
1521.7500
760.8750
Error 14
3229.5833
230.6845
TOTAL 23
11280.0000
*
-
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 28.93%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
8.7690
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
53
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Weight of non-marketable storage roots (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
0.70
1.10
0.95
2.75
0.92
Kawitan OP
0.90
1.00
2.15
4.05
1.35
Miracle OP
0.80
0.80
1.20
2.80
0.93
Peke Negro OP
0.95
0.85
2.45
4.25
1.42
Violet OP
1.25
1.40
1.60
4.25
1.42
Wagwag OP
0.40
1.25
1.15
2.80
0.93
Bengueta (check)
0.70
0.65
0.95
2.30
0.77
Kalbo-oy (check)
0.85
0.25
0.85
1.95
0.65
TOTAL
6.55
7.30
11.30
25.15
1.05
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 1.9324
0.2761
2.02ns
2.76 4.28
Block 2 1.6302
0.8151
Error 14 1.9148
0.1368
TOTAL 23 5.4774
ns
-
not
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 35.29%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.21
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
54
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Storage root yield per plant (kg)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
1.05
1.60
4.55
7.20
2.40
Kawitan OP
1.85
2.85
5.15
9.85
3.28
Miracle OP
4.00
4.90
8.90
17.80
5.93
Peke Negro OP
3.95
5.95
4.75
14.65
4.88
Violet OP
3.15
3.80
6.75
13.70
4.57
Wagwag OP
3.10
5.20
7.25
15.55
5.18
Bengueta (check)
4.20
3.55
5.55
13.30
4.43
Kalbo-oy (check)
3.80
5.15
3.20
12.15
4.05
TOTAL
25.10
33.00
46.10
104.20
4.34
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 25.7083
3.6726
2.52ns
2.76 4.28
Block 2
28.1258
14.0629
Error 14
20.36923
1.4549
TOTAL 23 74.2033
ns
–
not
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 27.78%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.69
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
55
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Dry matter content (%)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
20.60
19.60
20.50
60.70
20.23
Kawitan Op
34.90
32.80
32.00
99.70
33.23
Miracle OP
20.80
21.10
20.90
62.80
20.93
Peke Negro OP
29.60
28.90
29.30
87.80
29.27
Violet OP
25.90
24.90
25.30
76.10
25.37
Wagwag OP
23.50
22.50
23.80
69.80
23.27
Bengueta (check)
24.10
21.90
21.90
67.90
22.63
Kalbo-oy (check)
27.80
27.60
26.20
81.60
27.20
TOTAL
207.20
199.30
199.90
606.4
25.27
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 414.7867
59.2552
123.25**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 4.8358
2.4179
Error 14 6.7308
0.4808
TOTAL 23 426.3533
**
-
highly
significant
Coefficient of Variation – 2.74%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.40
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
56
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Harvest index
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
1.02
0.02
1.03
2.07
0.69
Kawitan OP
1.74
1.56
1.61
4.91
1.64
Miracle OP
0.99
0.95
1.03
2.97
0.99
Peke Negro OP
1.05
1.08
1.08
3.21
1.07
Violet OP
1.20
1.17
1.17
3.54
1.18
Wagwag OP
1.09
1.09
1.12
3.30
1.10
Bengueta (check)
0.99
0.88
0.91
2.78
0.93
Kalbo-oy (check)
0.91
0.95
0.89
2.75
0.92
TOTAL
8.99
7.70
8.84
25.53
1.06
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Treatment 7 1.5860
0.2266
5.47**
2.76
4.28
Block 2 0.1244
0.0622
Error 14 0.5796
0.0414
TOTAL 23 2.2900
** - highly significant
Coefficient of Variation – 19.13%
Standard
Error
of
the
Mean
–
0.12
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
57
APPENDIX TABLE 15. Reaction to scab disease at 90 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
5.00
2.00
1.00
8.00
2.67
Kawitan OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Miracle OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Peke Negro OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Violet OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Wagwag OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Bengueta (check)
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
1.00
1.00
2.00
4.00
1.33
TOTAL
12.00
9.00
9.00
30.00
1.25
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
58
APPENDIX TABLE 16. Reaction to scab disease at 120 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
7.00
2.00
1.00
10.00
3.332.67
Kawitan OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Miracle OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Peke Negro OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Violet OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Wagwag OP
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Bengueta (check)
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
1.00
1.00
5.00
7.00
2.33
TOTAL
14.00
9.00
12.00
35.00
1.46
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
59
APPENDIX TABLE 17. Reaction to beetle at 90 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Darwin OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Kawitan OP
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Violet OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Wagwag OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Bengueta (check)
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.00
5.00
5.00
14.00
4.67
TOTAL
39.00
40.00
38.00
117.00
4.88
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
60
APPENDIX TABLE 18. Reaction to beetle at 120 days after planting (DAP)
GENOTYPE BLOCK
TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
Darwin OP
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
4.67
Kawitan OP
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
Miracle OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Peke Negro OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Violet OP
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
Wagwag OP
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
Bengueta (check)
4.00
5.00
3.00
12.00
4.00
Kalbo-oy (check)
4.00
5.00
4.00
13.00
4.33
TOTAL
36.00
40.00
34.00
110.00
4.58
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
61
APPENDIX TABLE 19. Sensory evaluation sheet for the boiled storage roots
Name :
Rate the boiled storage roots according to the given scales:
CONSISTENCY OF COLOR OF BOILED SWEETNESS OF
GENOTYPE
BOILED STORAGE
STORAGE
BOILED
ROOTS
ROOTS
STORAGE
ROOTS
1
–
Watery
1 – Some beige
1 – Bland
2 – Extremely soft
2 – Much beige
2 - Slightly sweet
3 – Very soft
3 – Slightly green or
3 – Moderately
4 – Soft
grey
sweet
5 – Slightly hard
4 – Green
4 – Sweet
6 – Moderately hard
5 – Grey
5-Very sweet
7 – Hard
6 – Beige and green
8 – Very hard
7 – Beige and grey
9 – Very hard and not 8 – Beige and purple
cooked
9 - Purple
Darwin OP
Kawitan OP
Miracle OP
Peke Negro OP
Violet OP
Wagwag OP
Bengueta (check)
Kalbo-oy (check)
Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes
in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet / Febee B. Bantas. 2008
Document Outline
- Agronomic Characters of Open-Pollinated
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES