BIBLIOGRAPHY SUBELAN, RONALINDA G. APRIL 2006....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SUBELAN, RONALINDA G. APRIL 2006. Characterization, Diversity and
Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L). Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Leoncia L. Tandang, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The 154 accessions of garden pea were characterized to estimate variation
through diversity and cluster analysis.
The 154 accessions differed in the characters observed in this study. Out of the
154 accessions observed, 20 were selected and identified promising materials for
commercialization because of their prolificacy and pod quality.
Diversity analysis revealed high variation within the collection of the accessions
at BSU-IPB-HCRS. The computed diversity indices for the quantitative characters
ranged from 0.63 (number of days from flowering to pod setting) to 0.99 (number of
flower per cluster) with a mean of diversity index of 0.87. The diversity indices for
quantitative characters ranged from 0.34 to 0.99 with a mean diversity index of 0.73.
Pooling of diversity indices for all the characters observed gave an overall mean diversity
index of 0.80 an indication of high variation within the collection.
Cluster analysis for the 28 characters formed 14 distinct clusters at the
dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73. There were eight single character clusters and six two
to six character clusters. This indicated that clusters with single character were distinct
from each other and form clusters with 2 or more characters, Cluster analysis for
accessions resulted in the formation of a tree with 41 clusters at a dissimilarity coefficient
of 0.50. There were 14 single accession clusters, 10 two accession clusters and 17 3 to 15
accession clusters. Clusters with one accession, signified distinctness from the other
single accession clusters. The existence of clusters with three or more accessions
indicated the presence of high variation among clusters of the accessions studied and high
similarities of accessions within a cluster.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Importance of Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Importance of Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Heritability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Parent-offspring Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Selection among F1-Derived . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
A. Characterization
13
Quantitative Characters
13
Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from planting to
seed emergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from emergence to
first flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from emergence to
last flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from flowering to
pod setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
iii
Number of days from pod setting to
seed maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Leaflet Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Leaflet length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Leaflet width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Tendril Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Number of Flower/s Per Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Stem Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Plant height at 35 days after planting (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Stem diameter (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Number of nodes per plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Node number bearing first flower cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Node number bearing last flower cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Internode length (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Number of branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Final plant height (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Pod and Seed Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Pod length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Pod width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Number of pod cluster per plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Number of pods per cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Number of seeds per pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Qualitative Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
iv
Leaf color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Flower color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Pod color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Pod shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Stringiness of pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Waxiness of pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Seed color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Seed shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
B. Diversity Indices (H`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
C. Cluster Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
v
INTRODUCTION
Among crops raised in the country, garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) is freshly
shelled and rank high in protein, calories and in ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). It is widely
grown and consumed as a fresh succulent vegetable or as dried seed and for canned or
frozen. Seeds are round, soft, smooth or wrinkled and contain more sugar (Purseglove,
1972). It is one of the vegetable legumes that can be profitably grown in high elevated
areas having cool climate. It is grown for its economic and nutritional values.
Success in acquiring good quality and high yielding garden pea calls for a
thorough knowledge of its climatic requirement and adaptation of a good varieties. Most
developing countries face the general problem of malnutrition, particularly the deficiency
of protein in diet. Because of its nutritional importance, production of vegetable legume
like garden pea must be increased to meet the demand of the increasing population.
Morphological characterization is one way of documenting variety traits that can
be used to distinguish one variety from other varieties. One of the major goals of any
plant improvement program is to increase profitability of the crop. Since yield is a major
concern in developing new pea cultivars. At the same time, quality of the shelled peas
must be maintained or improved to encourage consumption (Basset, 1977).
Usually high heritable morphological characters are employed for the purpose of
characterization (IBPGR, 1981). It includes a sufficient number of traits that are useful in
eliminating duplicates. It is important in establishing the identity of a variety and
assessing its agronomic utilization potential. It is also important in the field of
agriculture for breeders, researchers and producers to further evaluate the characteristics
of the existing varieties, species and progenies adapted to cold and warm conditions.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
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High diversity of the crop is beneficial to a particular area. Although not all
necessarily often the kind of yield characteristics desired by farmers, the fact is that each
and every variety probably carries genes of superior quality. By crossing varieties of
inferior yield qualities could result in new superior strains. For this reason, the existence
of such high diversity should be maintained (Sawor et. al, 1993)
The study was undertaken to characterize the different accessions of garden pea to
estimate variation among accessions through diversity and cluster analysis.
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University-Institute of Plant
Breeding Highland Crops Research Station (BSU-IPB-HCRS) from October 2005 to
March 2006.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Importance of Characterization
Characterization is based on agro-morphological characteristics of plants.
Standardized descriptions are used to characterize materials so that information exchange
of genetic resources is more accessible to researchers and plant breeders. Breeders could
use them as references for exploiting new traits that is desirable and related to yield.
Characters of importance should be identified to correlate with yield and later
improvement could be done (Borromeo, et al., 1994). IPGRI in 1994 emphasized that
characterization of genetic diversity of organisms can’t be achieved with phenotypic
traits and molecular markers, which may not always correlate. Phenotypic traits have the
advantage that they may be directly related to the fitness of the populations and
usefulness for plant breeding. A thorough evaluation of traits requires multi location,
multi year trials to account for environmental effect and genotypes x environment
interaction.
Morphological characterization is done to identify morphotypes. A morphotype is
a group of plants showing morphological similarities, apparently of the same phenotype,
but not necessarily of the same genetic constitution. Thus, molecular characterization can
follow to identify genotypes. At this stage, a curator has an efficient collection with a
minimum of duplicates. Consequently, the collection is smaller than the original one.
Studies on genetic diversity and evaluation such as agronomic characters, nutrition, and
reaction to biotic and abiotic factors can be carried out on this kind of material. Once that
has been achieved, a core collection (basic sample of a germplasm collection representing
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
4
the wide range of diversity in terms of morphology, geographical coverage and genes)
can be established (Fontanetti, et al., 2002).
Importance of Diversity
Analysis of the level of diversity among improved varieties is used in breeding
programs as this influences parental selection in succeeding varietal development (Caldo
and Hipolito, 1996). Maintenance of the diversity helps to ensure the specific cultivars
that are available when and where farmers need. To achieve this local knowledge is an
essential resource for identifying, cultivating, utilizing and preferences, adaptability to
local growing conditions and traditional beliefs and practices. Serve as a major impetus
to conserve diversity. However, increased market orientation and new livelihood
opportunities have reduced diversity, mainly threatening those cultivars that have no
immediate economic value which underscores the needs for farmers to conserve cultivar
diversity for strategic purpose against the backdrop of changing socio, cultural, economic
and agro-ecological environments (Campilan, 2002) as cited by Rebujio, 2003.
Conservation and management of valuable genetic resources collection entails an
understanding of the nature and structure of genetic diversity existing within it
(Siopongco et al., 1999). Ignacio (2005) stated that there was variability for most of the
morphological characters of rice bean. The high diversity indices indicate the existence of
high variation within the collection of characters. Selection for characters could be done
due to high diversity index. Selection may warrant future improvement of the crop.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
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Heritability
Heritability is the proportion of the total variation in a progeny that is a result of
genetic factor and may be transmitted (Poehlman, 1997). Heritability refers to the extent
to which a phenotypic trait is under genetic control. Most traits of interest are to some
degree polygenic (that is, controlled by multiple genes), and their expression may be
further modified by environmental (non-genetic) factors. The question of heritability is
exactly the basis for the nature vs. nurture debates that have surrounded study of traits
such as human intelligence, aggression, homosexuality and creativity. The heritability
determines (along with the strength of artificial or natural selection) the response to
selection, or the magnitude and rate of change in a character from one generation to the
next as a function of selection.
Parent-offspring Regression
It is a specific phenotypic trait that is measured for both the parent and the
offspring at the same age and compared using regression. The slope of regression of
offspring is a comparison between either the mother or father and the offspring and gives
an estimate of half of the narrow sense heritability. The slope of the father-offspring
regression may differ from mother-offspring regression due to maternal effects, a
component of the environmental variance and could be used to determine the effect of the
maternal effects, a component of the environmental variance and could be used to
determine the effect of the maternal environment on a specific trait (Hof, 1996).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
6
Selection among F1-Derived
Gamete selection in the F1, when combined with early generation evaluation and
selection, helps identify promising populations and families within population. These are
used to develop superior line for subsequent evaluation and new cultivar selection. Both
qualitative traits between and within F1 derived families are selected, seed yield is
determined in diverse environments representative of the pea production. Development
and evaluation is to develop breeding lines possessing multiple desirable traits and to
conform seed, plant and adoption characteristics, by selecting promising families to use
(Kang, 2002)
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred forty four progenies and ten maternal varieties of garden pea were
planted following a serpentine system. An area of 100 m2 divided into 10 plots was
planted maintaining 20 cm distance between hills and 2 cm depth at a rate of one seed per
hill. Appropriate cultural management practices were provided throughout the growth of
the plant.
The following were the treatments used:
TREATMENT
CLG and 16 progenies
89-001 and 19 progenies
CGP-116 and 26 progenies
CGP-154 and 25 progenies
CGP-34 and 26 progenies
CGP-11 and 8 progenies
CGP-59 and 7 progenies
CGP-18A and 8 progenies
N335 and 7 progenies
CGP-13 and CGP 13 x 89-001 (2 progenies)
In this study the different entries that served as treatments were called accessions
(Accs).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
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Data Collection
At particular stages of growth, characterization of qualitative and quantitative
morpho-agronomic characters was done based on descriptors list for snap bean and chick
pea (IBPGR, 2004). Results were presented using descriptive method.
A. Quantitative characters
1. Maturity
a. Number of days from sowing to emergence. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from sowing to emergence of seedlings.
b. Number of days from emergence to first flowering. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from emergence to first flowering.
c. Number of days from emergence to last flowering. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from emergence to last flowering.
d. Number of days from flowering to pod setting. This was recorded by
counting the numbers of days from flowering until the pods were fully developed.
e. Number of days from pod setting to seed maturity. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from pod setting to seed maturity.
2. Leaflet Characteristics
a. Leaflet length (cm). This was measured using a foot ruler from the base of
the petiole to the tip of the leaves at 35 days after planting (DAP).
b. Leaflet width (cm). This was gathered using a foot ruler measuring the
broadest part of the leaves at 35 DAP.
c. Tendril length (cm). This was measured from the base to the tip of the
tendril using a ruler when the plants were fully mature.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
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3. Stem Characteristics
a. Plant height at 35 DAP. This was measured from the base of the plant at
ground level to the tip of the youngest shoot using a meter stick at 35 DAP.
b. Diameter of stem (cm). This was measured at the mid-portion of the plant
using vernier caliper at 35 DAP.
c. Number of nodes per plant. This was counted from the base of the plant
to the tip of the main stem.
d. Node number bearing first flower cluster. This was recorded by counting
the nodes from the base of the plant to the node bearing the first flower cluster.
e. Node number bearing last pod cluster. This was recorded by counting the
nodes from the base of the plant to the node bearing the last pod cluster.
f. Internode length (cm). This was measured by getting the mean length of
three internodes at the midpoint of the plant.
g. Number of branches. This was obtained by counting the branches of the
plants one week before harvesting
h. Final plant height (cm). This was measured from the base of the plant to
the tip of the plant using a meter stick at maturity.
4. Flower characteristics
a. Number of flowers per cluster. This was recorded by counting the number
of flower/s per cluster.
5. Pod Characteristics
a. Pod length (cm). This was obtained by measuring the base to the tip of the
pod of ten sample pods.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
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b. Pod width (cm). This was obtained by measuring the broadest part of the
pod used in gathering pod length using a ruler.
c. Number of pod cluster per plant. This was obtained by counting the
number of pods cluster per plant.
d. Number of pods per cluster. This was obtained by counting the number of
pods per cluster.
6. Seed Characteristics
a. Number of seeds per pod. This was obtained by counting the number of
from ten sample pods.
B. Qualitative characters
1. Leaf color. This was recorded when plants are at their maximum vegetative
growth about 35 DAP using the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart (RHSCC).
2. Flower color. This was recorded by visually looking at the flowers when they
were fully opened using RHSCC.
3. Pod color. This was recorded as green, light green, yellow, dark green when
the pods were fully developed.
4. Pod shape. This was recorded as flat, curve or straight.
5. Stringiness. This was recorded during harvest and recorded whether the green
pod is stringy or stringless. Stringy if there is pod suture string when snapped and
stringless when there is no pod suture.
6. Waxiness of pod. This was recorded by observing the presence or absence of
wax in the pods.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
11
7. Seed color. This was obtained by visual observation of the seeds using
RHSCC.
8. Seed shape. This was recorded as round, smooth, wrinkled, cubical and
flattened.
Data Analysis
The quantitative and qualitative data gathered were described and discussed using
percentage and ranges.
Quantification of Variation Using the
Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index
Estimate of variability for each quantitative and qualitative character was
computed using the standardized Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index, designated as H’, for
qualitative the following formula was used:
H’ = ∑pi* log2Pi/log2K
Where pi = relative frequency
K = number of descriptor states
Following the work of Pecetti et al. (1992), the same formula was applied to the
quantitative character following construction of the frequency classes, with the class
boundaries equal to some function of mean and standard deviation. For each character,
the overall entry mean (X) and standard deviation (O) was used to subdivide the
accession values (X1) into frequency classes, with a class width of 0.50. The lowest and
highest values were considered to determine the number of classes to construct. The
following formula was used to estimate variability in quantitative characters.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
12
H’ = ∑pi* log2Pi/log2n
Where pi = relative frequency
N = number of classes
The Shannon Weaver Diversity Index has a value ranging from 0 to 1, where 0
indicates absence of diversity and 1 indicates maximum diversity.
Cluster Analysis
Using standardized data, numerical measures of likeness/similarity were
computed and distance matrix was constructed using Dissimilarity Coefficients.
Clustering (Sequential, Agglomerative, Hierarchical, Nested) by UPGMA (Unweighed
Pair Group of Arithmetic Mean) method used by Siopongco in 1997 was followed.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Characterization
Quantitative Characters
Maturity
Number of days from planting to seed emergence. Table 1 shows the number of
days from planting to seed emergence of the 154 accessions of garden pea studied.
Seventy percent of the total accessions emerged in seven days and 30 % emerged 5 days
after sowing.
Number of days from emergence to first flowering. Among the 154 accessions of
garden pea observed, Acc 39 was the earliest to bear flower at 25 days after emergence
and Acc 105 was the latest at 58 days after emergence as shown in Table 1.
Number of days from emergence to last flowering. As also shown in Table 1,
Acc 153 was the earliest to stop flowering at 54 days from emergence while Acc 36 was
the latest at 86 days after emergence.
Number of days from flowering to pod setting. The number of days from
flowering to pod setting of the garden pea accessions ranged from three to nine days. This
was recorded when the pods were fully developed (Table 1).
Number of days from pod setting to seed maturity. Table 1 presents that Acc 29
was the earliest to mature at 27 days while Accs 5 and 7 were the latest to mature at 47
days from pod setting.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
14
Table 1. Maturity indices of 154 garden pea accessions
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc1 5
38
68
5
35
Acc2 5
37
66
7
35
Acc3 7
36
79
9
32
Acc4 7
36
66
5
35
Acc5 7
38
77
8
47
Acc6 7
36
67
5
35
Acc7 7
48
69
5
47
Acc8 5
36
68
7
37
Acc9 7
36
62
5
33
Acc10 7
37
65
5
39
Acc11 7
46
69
4
39
Acc12 7
45
69
4
39
Acc13 7
36
62
7
39
Acc14 7
36
58
5
33
Acc15 7
34
67
4
35
Acc16 7
36
65
2
37
Acc17 7
35
66
5
35
Acc18
7
36
60
5
35
Acc19 7
38
62
5
35
Acc20 7
38
63
6
35
Acc21 7
38
62
5
36
Acc22 7
42
69
4
36
Acc23 7
27
57
5
34
Acc24 7
34
62
6
34
Acc25 5
38
68
6
34
Acc26 5
49
49
7
37
Acc27 7
45
45
5
37
Acc28 7
42
42
5
37
Acc29 7
35
59
5
27
Acc30 5
36
67
7
35
Acc31 7
33
66
6
35
Acc32 5
45
55
5
28
Acc33 7
27
68
7
34
Acc34 5
29
63
7
34
Acc35 7
33
66
5
30
Acc36 5
48
68
5
30
Acc37 7
26
71
6
35
Acc38 7
47
70
4
35
Acc39 7
25
65
6
36
Acc40 5
35
66
6
36
Acc41 7
34
66
6
34
Acc42 7
35
63
6
35
Acc43 5
36
64
7
35
Acc44 7
39
68
7
32
Acc45 7
43
66
4
28
Acc46 7
48
78
5
35
Acc47 7
42
70
4
28
Acc48 7
43
76
5
35
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
15
Table 1 continued…
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc49 7
43
71
5
34
Acc50 5
52
69
4
32
Acc51 7
40
70
6
32
Acc52 7
48
72
4
28
Acc53 7
46
70
4
30
Acc54 7
46
68
4
30
Acc55 7
46
70
4
30
Acc56 7
45
67
4
31
Acc57 7
45
70
4
31
Acc58 7
46
70
3
31
Acc59 7
46
70
3
31
Acc60 7
41
72
5
35
Acc61 7
42
66
5
34
Acc62 7
41
68
6
34
Acc63 5
42
68
4
34
Acc64 7
35
64
7
35
Acc65 5
44
68
5
37
Acc66 5
45
68
5
32
Acc67 5
43
74
5
34
Acc68 5
45
73
5
35
Acc69 5
40
68
6
32
Acc70 5
38
68
5
35
Acc71 7
46
70
6
35
Acc72 7
45
66
3
35
Acc73 7
45
61
4
34
Acc74 7
33
62
6
35
Acc75 7
38
73
6
32
Acc76 7
37
66
5
34
Acc77 7
42
66
3
34
Acc78 7
46
74
5
34
Acc79 7
36
74
5
36
Acc80 7
37
66
5
37
Acc81 5
36
66
6
37
Acc82 5
37
64
3
35
Acc83 7
48
77
4
34
Acc84 7
38
63
7
35
Acc85 5
39
68
6
32
Acc86 5
37
68
7
34
Acc87 7
34
66
6
34
Acc88 5
37
67
4
34
Acc89 7
46
77
6
35
Acc90 7
35
71
6
34
Acc91 5
33
71
5
34
Acc92 7
44
71
5
36
Acc93 7
36
64
7
32
Acc94 7
44
76
6
35
Acc95 7
44
71
6
33
Acc96 7
41
71
4
34
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
16
Table 1 continued…
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc97 7
43
71
5
36
Acc98 7
33
64
6
35
Acc99 5
37
66
5
35
Acc100 7
37
66
5
32
Acc101 7
42
67
5
32
Acc102 7
46
69
5
32
Acc103 7
37
66
4
32
Acc104 5
43
66
4
34
Acc105 5
58
76
6
32
Acc106 7
44
65
5
35
Acc107 7
43
66
5
34
Acc108 5
40
63
6
34
Acc109 7
42
71
4
35
Acc110 7
46
70
6
32
Acc111 7
42
70
4
33
Acc112 5
48
68
5
34
Acc113 5
40
64
4
35
Acc114 5
48
68
7
35
Acc115 7
48
66
4
36
Acc116 7
46
64
6
34
Acc117 5
43
72
4
35
Acc118 5
44
71
5
35
Acc119 7
40
66
6
35
Acc120 5
44
68
4
32
Acc121 7
43
66
4
34
Acc122 5
43
64
5
34
Acc123 7
46
66
5
34
Acc125 5
37
68
5
35
Acc126 5
38
67
5
36
Acc127 5
32
62
6
36
Acc128 5
31
62
7
38
Acc129 5
31
62
6
39
Acc130 7
30
65
4
39
Acc131 7
37
78
5
35
Acc132 7
41
70
4
34
Acc133 7
41
71
4
34
Acc134 7
44
76
5
34
Acc135 5
44
73
3
35
Acc136 7
37
71
5
34
Acc137 7
35
66
6
36
Acc138 7
41
71
5
35
Acc139 7
41
69
5
35
Acc140 7
41
71
4
35
Acc141 7
40
71
4
35
Acc142 7
42
71
4
30
Acc143 5
32
68
7
35
Acc144 7
28
62
6
34
Acc145 7
37
66
4
34
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
17
Table 1 continued…
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc146 7
36
60
5
34
Acc147 7
37
62
4
36
Acc148 7
37
63
4
35
Acc149 7
35
61
5
34
Acc150 7
35
64
5
30
Acc151 7
29
60
8
30
Acc152 7
36
62
5
30
Acc153 7
27
54
5
30
Acc154 7
37
72
4
35
TOTAL 990
6,104
10,319
790
7,273
Variance 0.82
31.7
29.64
1.3
7.32
Standard Variation
0.91
5.63
5.44
1.14
34.240
MEAN 6.429
39.636
67.006
5.130
24.240
Leaflet Characters
Leaflet
length. Among the 154 garden pea accessions, Acc 68 exhibited the
longest leaflet of 7.6 cm while Accs 2 and 153 exhibited the shortest leaflet of 4.1 cm.
Most of the accessions exhibited 6.7 cm leaflet length (Table 2).
Leaflet
width. Table 2 presents that Acc 34 had the widest leaflet of 7.5 cm while
Acc 153 had the narrowest leaflet (3.1 cm).
Tendril Length
As shown in Table 2, Acc 54 had the longest tendril of (8.9 cm) while Acc 153
had the shortest tendril (3.8 cm). Most of the accessions had tendril lengths ranging from
5.7 to 6.5 cm. Longer tendril is an advantage in garden pea to support the plant twining
on the trellis (Paganas, 2005).
Number of Flower/s Per Cluster
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
18
Table 2 shows that 80 % of the accessions had one flower per cluster and the rest
had two flowers per cluster.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
19
Table 2. Leaflet characters, tendril length and number of flowers per cluster of 154
garden pea accessions
LEAFLET
LEAFLET
TENDRIL
NO. OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH (cm)
WIDTH (cm)
LENGTH (cm)
FLOWER/CLUSTER
Acc1 4.3
3.4
5.3
1
Acc2 4.1
3.5
5.7
1
Acc3 6.0
4.8
7.1
2
Acc4 5.1
5.1
7.7
1
Acc5 4.8
4.4
8.1
2
Acc6 5.5
5.7
5.6
2
Acc7 5.9
3.9
5.1
2
Acc8 6.3
5.9
6.5
2
Acc9 5.6
5.4
5.6
2
Acc10 5.6
4.6
6.9
2
Acc11 6.8
5.5
6.5
2
Acc12 7.3
5.5
7.0
2
Acc13 5.0
4.4
7.8
1
Acc14 5.2
5.4
5.0
2
Acc15 5.1
3.7
6.0
1
Acc16 4.9
4.3
6.5
1
Acc17 5.2
4.1
6.6
1
Acc18 5.7
4.3
6.7
1
Acc19 5.5
4.6
6.6
1
Acc20 5.0
4.3
6.5
1
Acc21 4.5
3.5
5.0
1
Acc22 4.3
3.2
6.0
1
Acc23 5.2
4.3
4.5
1
Acc24 5.6
4.7
6.7
2
Acc25 5.8
4.7
6.7
1
Acc26 6.4
5.7
7.9
2
Acc27 6.9
5.6
6.6
2
Acc28 4.8
3.8
4.7
2
Acc29 5.8
4.9
5.3
1
Acc30 4.8
3.7
5.6
1
Acc31 5.5
5.2
7.6
1
Acc32 5.6
5.2
7.5
2
Acc33 5.8
5.1
6.7
1
Acc34 7.4
7.4
7.4
1
Acc35 5.7
5.8
6.2
2
Acc36 6.5
5.7
8.0
2
Acc37 5.3
4.5
5.5
1
Acc38 5.8
5.4
7.0
1
Acc39 6.3
5.4
7.2
1
Acc40 5.7
5.2
5.4
1
Acc41 6.5
5.8
8.1
1
Acc42 5.8
5.1
5.9
1
Acc43 5.4
5.1
4.6
1
Acc44 4.9
4.5
5.5
1
Acc45 6.2
5.5
5.2
2
Acc46 4.9
5.0
6.2
1
Acc47 6.1
5.1
6.8
1
Acc48 5.1
4.7
6.8
1
Acc49 6.2
5.2
7.1
2
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
20
Table 2 continued…
LEAFLET
LEAFLET
TENDRIL
NO. OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH (cm)
WIDTH (cm)
LENGTH (cm)
FLOWER/CLUSTER
Acc50 6.3
5.7
6.6
1
Acc51 6.5
5.6
5.7
1
Acc52 7.0
5.8
8.4
2
Acc53 6.7
4.9
7.9
2
Acc54 7.1
6.0
8.9
2
Acc55 7.0
5.8
7.1
2
Acc56 6.7
5.5
6.8
2
Acc57 6.5
5.5
6.8
2
Acc58 7.2
6.3
8.1
2
Acc59 7.1
5.4
8.1
2
Acc60 6.2
5.8
5.7
2
Acc61 7.0
6.4
5.8
2
Acc62 6.0
6.1
5.0
2
Acc63 6.5
5.8
6.1
2
Acc64 5.7
4.9
6.9
1
Acc65 7.4
5.9
5.8
2
Acc66 7.3
6.0
6.8
2
Acc67 6.5
5.4
4.6
2
Acc68 7.6
6.4
9.7
2
Acc69 4.7
4.0
6.9
1
Acc70 6.4
5.6
8.0
1
Acc71 6.5
5.7
7.2
2
Acc72 6.6
6.1
7.4
2
Acc73 6.7
5.4
7.1
2
Acc74 5.4
5.6
4.4
1
Acc75 6.0
5.1
8.4
1
Acc76 5.9
5.6
7.7
1
Acc77 6.7
5.8
6.2
2
Acc78 7.6
6.3
7.5
2
Acc79 5.5
4.6
7.3
2
Acc80 7.3
6.0
7.8
1
Acc81 6.1
5.0
7.1
2
Acc82 5.9
4.9
6.5
1
Acc83 6.2
5.7
8.0
1
Acc84 7.5
6.9
8.8
1
Acc85 6.1
4.9
4.9
2
Acc86 5.6
5.2
7.1
1
Acc87 6.3
6.5
6.1
1
Acc88 5.4
4.8
7.0
1
Acc89 6.0
5.2
6.5
1
Acc90 5.9
5.5
8.2
1
Acc91 5.9
5.5
8.5
1
Acc92 7.0
5.4
6.4
1
Acc93 6.4
5.9
6.7
1
Acc94 6.4
4.6
6.2
1
Acc95 6.7
6.0
6.0
1
Acc96 6.1
6.0
8.4
1
Acc97 7.0
6.4
7.7
1
Acc98 7.0
5.3
8.6
1
Acc99 5.8
5.3
7.4
1
Acc100 5.3
5.5
6.1 2
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
21
Table 2 continued…
LEAFLET
LEAFLET
TENDRIL
NO. OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH (cm)
WIDTH (cm)
LENGTH (cm)
FLOWER/CLUSTER
Acc101 6.7
5.7
5.7 2
Acc102 6.8
4.9
6.0 2
Acc103 6.8
5.7
7.1 1
Acc104 5.8
5.2
4.7 1
Acc105 7.5
5.4
7.4 2
Acc106 6.9
5.3
6.6 1
Acc107 6.7
5.2
6.0 2
Acc108 4.6
4.6
4.0 1
Acc109 7.3
5.9
7.4 2
Acc110 6.1
5.1
6.0 1
Acc111 7.2
6.2
7.4 1
Acc112 6.7
5.3
6.5 2
Acc113 5.6
4.8
4.5 2
Acc114 5.6
4.0
5.5 2
Acc115 6.7
4.7
7.0 2
Acc116 7.2
5.4
5.1 2
Acc117 5.6
4.9
5.5 2
Acc118 6.0
5.1
6.2 2
Acc119 6.2
5.6
8.0 2
Acc120 6.0
4.9
6.0 1
TOTAL 931.10
798.80
1,010.50 220
Variance 0.63
0.53
1.23
0.25
Standard variation
0.80
0.73
1.11
0.50
MEAN 6.046
5.187
6.562
1.429
Stem Characters
Plant height at 35 days after planting. Table 3 shows that Acc 93 had the tallest
plant at 35 DAP (59 cm) while the height of the rest of the accessions ranged from 35 to
48 cm.
Stem diameter. Accs 43 and 122 had the broadest stem diameter of 0.8 cm while
the other accession had stem diameters ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 cm (Table 3).
Number of nodes per plant. Accs 111 had 32 nodes, recorded as the highest while
Accs 33 and 12 nodes, recorded having the least number of nodes per plant. The rest of
the accessions had nodes ranging from 23-29 nodes per plant (Table 3).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
22
Node number bearing first flower cluster. Table 3 also presents the node number
bearing first flower cluster of the garden pea accessions. It was noted that Accs 127, 130,
143, 144 and 151 bear first flower cluster at the 8th node from the base of the plant while
Accs 11, 12, 71, 72, 77, 106 and 114 bore first flower cluster at the 21st node from the
base of the plant.
Node number bearing last flower cluster. As shown in Table 3, Acc 33 bore its
last flower on its 12th node while Acc 111 bore its last flower cluster on its 32nd node
from the base of the plant.
Internode length. Among the accessions characterized, Acc 34 had the longest
internode (11.1 cm) while Acc 5 had the shortest internode of 4.7 cm (Table 3).
Number of branches. As noted in Table 3, Acc 120 had the highest number of
branches (18) while Acc 144 had the lowest number of branches (2).
Final plant height. Acc 137 was the tallest among the accessions studied with a
final plant height of 193 cm while Acc 14 was the shortest with 100 cm plant height
(Table 3).
Pod and Seed Characters
Pod length. As shown in Table 4, Acc 142 had the longest pod length of 8.8 cm
while Acc 26 had the shortest pod (5.1 cm). The rest of the accessions had pod length
ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 cm.
Pod width. Acc 49 had the widest pod measuring 1.9 cm while Acc 26 had the
narrowest pod measuring 1.1 cm. Pod width of the other accessions ranged from 1.3 to
1.5 cm (Table 4).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
23
Number of pod cluster per plant. Table 4 shows that Acc 141 produced the
highest number of pod cluster per plant (92) while Acc 73 had the least number of pod
cluster per plant (20).
Number of pods per cluster. Among the garden pea accession characterized, 56
% had one pod per cluster while 44 % had two pods per cluster (Table 4)
Number of seeds per pod. Table 4 presents that all the accessions had 2 to 8 seeds
per pod. Thirty percent of the garden pea accessions had five seeds per pod.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
24
Table 3. Stem characters of 154 garden pea accessions
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
INTER-
FINAL
ACC
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING
NUMBER
BEARING 1ST
NODE
PLANT
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
LAST
OF
NO.
FLOWER
LENGTH
HEIGHT
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
FLOWER
BRANCHES
CLUSTER
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
Acc1 46 0.5 29 17
28 10.2 12 165
Acc2 57 0.5 28 16
28 6.8 7 135
Acc3 25 0.3 25 10
25 6.7 4 150
Acc4 44 0.7 22 14
22 8.6 8 151
Acc5 35 0.3 28 9
28 4.7 4 132
Acc6 51 0.6 22 16
21 8.3 11 126
Acc7 22 0.2 24 12
24 10.8 4 174
Acc8 51 0.7 23 14
23 7.8 8 119
Acc9 40 0.7 24 15
23 8.1 7 119
Acc10 52 0.4 28 16
27 9.3 11 168
Acc11 50 0.4 28 21
28 9.4 11 175
Acc12 52 0.4 29 21
28 7.8 10 175
Acc13 58 0.3 30 15
30 8.0 13 153
Acc14 47 0.6 25 16
25 9.7 6 100
Acc15 53 0.3 26 13
25 8.3 9 143
Acc16 50 0.3 29 15
28 9.0 7 141
Acc17 44 0.6 23 14
23 9.3 10 153
Acc18 45 0.3 24 13
23 8.3 10 142
Acc19 40 0.3 26 12
26 8.2 12 139
Acc20 35 0.3 25 13
25 8.8 7 136
Acc21 35 0.3 25 15
25 8.2 9 132
Acc22 24 0.2 23 12
22 8.7 4 121
Acc23 46 0.5 25 16
25 7.9 9 118
Acc24 52 0.6 26 15
26 8.2 8 136
Acc25 42 0.5 27 14
26 9.6 11 166
Acc26 37 0.5 31 13
31 7.2 19 135
Acc27 52 0.4 25 15
25 10.4 11 175
Acc28 52 0.4 29 13
29 9.0 11 151
Acc29 46 0.7 21 12
21 9.3 7 114
Acc30 46 0.6 21 11
20 9.9 8 145
Acc31 50 0.5 21 14
20 9.3 6 128
Acc32 32 0.4 25 14
25 9.3 9 115
Acc33 33 0.5 12 13
12 10.7 9 147
Acc34 49 0.4 20 15
20 11.1 10 132
Acc35 49 0.4 17
9
17 9.9 2 132
Acc36 48 0.4 23 16
23 9.6 10 160
Acc37 38 0.6 25 10
24 10.3 8 155
Acc38 34 0.3 25 10
24 8.8 4 138
Acc39 52 0.6 22 12
22 10.6 7 150
Acc40 46 0.6 19 13
19 10.6 8 137
Acc41 43 0.5 24 11
24 10.4 6 143
Acc42 44 0.5 20 12
30 9.9 10 133
Acc43 43 0.8 23 13
23 11.0 9 142
Acc44 34 0.4 26 14
26 10.6 10 147
Acc45 36 0.6 26 16
26 9.0 17 156
Acc46 39 0.4 26 12
26 8.5 7 141
Acc47 39 0.3 26 15
26 9.7 9 151
Acc48 26 0.4 27 14
28 9.4 5 143
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
25
Table 3 continued…
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
FINAL
INTER-
ACC
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING 1ST
BEARING
NUMBER
PLANT
NODE
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
FLOWER
LAST
OF
HEIGHT
NO.
LENGTH
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
CLUSTER
FLOWER
BRANCHES
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
Acc49 48 0.6 31 16
31 8.7 19 142
Acc50 40 0.4 30 16
30 9.3 9 151
Acc51 35 0.4 29 16
29 8.7 11 156
Acc52 38 0.4 28 20
28 9.7 10 172
Acc53 48 0.4 27 20
27 9.9 13 166
Acc54 38 0.4 26 20
26 10.4 13 167
Acc55 43 0.4 30 17
30 10.6 10 166
Acc56 32 0.4 26 18
26 8.9 12 146
Acc57 48 0.4 25 20
25 8.0 15 166
Acc58 42 0.4 23 16
21 10.5 10 158
Acc59 38 0.4 31 17
31 10.5 9 162
Acc60 48 0.7 26 17
26 9.1 14 140
Acc61 50 0.6 20 18
23 9.8 12 146
Acc62 48 0.6 20 17
20 8.8 6 150
Acc63 40 0.5 25 13
24 9.5 12 145
Acc64 43 0.6 25 14
24 10.6 10 133
Acc65 48 0.6 22 17
22 9.7 13 143
Acc66 47 0.6 24 18
24 8.1 12 147
Acc67 44 0.5 26 17
26 10.5 10 145
Acc68 40 0.6 27 18
27 9.6 11 153
Acc69 35 0.5 25 15
24 9.5 7 143
Acc70 42 0.5 24 13
24 9.6 8 130
Acc71 47 0.4 29 21
29 9.3 6 180
Acc72 54 0.5 29 21
29 10.1 9 162
Acc73 47 0.3 27 15
27 10.2 7 159
Acc74 47 0.6 23 13
23 10.2 8 141
Acc75 37 0.5 27 13
27 9.8 10 157
Acc76 40 0.5 29 12
19 9.0 6 140
Acc77 48 0.3 27 21
27 10.0 7 159
Acc78 31 0.6 27 14
27 10.1 13 177
Acc79 31 0.5 26 12
26 10.2 13 150
Acc80 50 0.5 26 13
26 9.6 6 160
Acc81 43 0.6 22 13
22 9.9 10 132
Acc82 40 0.5 23 13
23 10.7 14 131
Acc83 22 0.4 28 13
28 10.7 6 158
Acc84 44 0.3 28 13
28 10.7 13 153
Acc85 48 0.6 26 15
26 9.3 13 153
Acc86 35 0.4 22 13
22 9.2 10 143
Acc87 44 0.6 26 13
26 10.2 7 155
Acc88 42 0.6 23 13
23 9.9 13 130
Acc89 20 0.4 26 13
26 10.5 5 143
Acc90 38 0.6 26 14
26 10.1 14 143
Acc91 35 0.6 21 11
21 9.7 10 145
Acc92 47 0.7 31 19
31 10.3 15 175
Acc93 59 0.6 25 15
25 9.4 13 131
Acc94 25 0.4 23 11
24 10.0 6 130
Acc95 29 0.4 22 13
22 10.1 12 132
Acc96 25 0.4 25 12
25 10.7 7 155
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
26
Table 3 continued…
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
INTER-
FINAL
ACC
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING 1ST
BEARING
NUMBER
NODE
PLANT
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
FLOWER
LAST
OF
NO.
LENGTH
HEIGHT
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
CLUSTER
FLOWER
BRANCHES
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
Acc97 26 0.4 27 14
27 10.2 9 152
Acc98 35 0.5 22 12
22 8.8 8 127
Acc99 42 0.6 21 12
21 9.7 9 116
Acc100 46 0.6 27
16
27
10.5 10 150
Acc101 35 0.4 27
16
27
7.9
6 156
Acc102 31 0.6 27
20
27
8.6
8 153
Acc103 30 0.4 25
16
25
9.4 11 115
Acc104 52 0.7 24
17
24
9.8 15 130
Acc105 20 0.4 26
10
26
8.9
6 135
Acc106 44 0.6 29
21
29
9.1 11 150
Acc107 41 0.4 28
20
28
10.4 8 150
Acc108 32 0.5 25
17
25
9.2 10 143
Acc109 54 0.5 27
18
27
9.1
6 158
Acc110 25 0.2 25
12
25
10.3 3 175
Acc111 58 0.4 32
18
32
8.8 10 181
Acc112 41 0.6 21
17
21
8.9 15 150
Acc113 41 0.6 22
16
23
8.9 10 160
Acc114 42 0.7 26
21
26
10.2 14 133
Acc115 43 0.4 26
20
26
9.6 12 143
Acc116 43 0.5 29
14
29
8.6 14 143
Acc117 37 0.6 29
19
27
10.4 17 176
Acc118 47 0.6 25
20
25
9.9
8 154
Acc119 45 0.5 28
13
28
10.4 13 154
Acc120 46 0.5 31
14
31
8.1 18 147
Acc121 48 0.6 19
19
19
9.8 15 145
Acc122 44 0.8 22
18
22
10.1 10 147
Acc123 42 0.4 27
17
27
8.4
7 153
Acc124 45 0.5 29
23
28
9.9 10 157
Acc125 43 0.5 24
13
24
10.4 8 150
Acc126 41 0.6 22
13
22
9.2
9 125
Acc127 41 0.5 17
8
17
10.4 4 126
Acc128 45 0.7 16
9
16
9.9
3 124
Acc129 46 0.6 19
9
19
10.5 4 131
Acc130 44 0.6 19
8
19
10.0 3 114
Acc131 36 0.6 29
14
29
7.6
6 140
Acc132 32 0.5 19
10
19
10.4 7 131
Acc133 24 0.4 27
13
27
10.5 4 146
Acc134 30 0.4 26
12
26
9.5
8 145
Acc135 38 0.5 31
17
31
10.0 7 165
Acc136 37 0.6 31
15
31
10.3 8 172
Acc137 38 0.5 26
14
26
9.8 13 193
Acc138 26 0.5 29
17
29
9.7 11 183
Acc139 26 0.5 23
14
22
10.3 11 160
Acc140 32 0.5 30
15
30
10.4 8 167
Acc141 33 0.5 24
12
24
10.4 10 165
Acc142 23 0.4 26
14
26
10.3 5 154
Acc143 37 0.6 18
8
17
9.9
5 146
Acc144 51 0.6 18
8
18
9.7
2 136
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
27
Table 3 continued…
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
INTER-
FINAL
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING
BEARING
NUMBER
ACC NO.
NODE
PLANT
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
1ST
LAST
OF
LENGTH
HEIGHT
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
FLOWER
FLOWER
BRANCHES
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
CLUSTER
Acc145 33
0.5 22
12 22
9.4
8
140
Acc146 55
0.4 23
14 23
10.0
6
131
Acc147 41
0.5 24 9
24 10.0 6 127
Acc148 47
0.4 21
12 21
9.2
9
130
Acc149 37
0.5 18
14 18
10.4
7
170
Acc150 45
0.6 21
14 21
9.6
7
145
Acc151 46
0.6 18 8
18 10.1 2 140
Acc152 45
0.7 24
14 24
9.5
6
147
Acc153 51
0.6 25
15 25
8.0
3
138
Acc154 32
0.5 25
13 24
8.9
5
152
TOTAL
6,317 76.1 3,836 2,241
3,817 1,463.3 1,401 22,606
Variation 73.69 0.01 12.66 10.2
12.76 0.93 12.08 264.31
Standard
8.58 0.12 3.56 3.19
3.57 0.97 3.47 16.26
Variation
MEAN 41.019 0.494 24.909 14.552
24.786 9.502 9.097 146.792
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
28
Table 4. Pod and seed characters of 154 garden pea accessions
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH
WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc1 7.9
1.4
51 1 6
Acc2 6.6
1.3
52 1 4
Acc3 6.4
1.3
50 2 4
Acc4 5.7
1.6
88 1 3
Acc5 5.4
1.3
32 1 5
Acc6 7.6
1.5
48 2 5
Acc7 5.5
1.3
38 1 4
Acc8 7.3
1.6
42 2 5
Acc9 7.4
1.6
35 2 4
Acc10 6.5
1.5
61 2 4
Acc11 6.5
1.4
46 2 3
Acc12 6.6
1.3
62 2 4
Acc13 6.9
1.4
60 1 4
Acc14 7.4
1.5
23 2 3
Acc15 7.3
1.4
56 1 7
Acc16 7.1
1.4
70 1 7
Acc17 8.0
1.7
64 1 4
Acc18 6.3
1.3
52 1 5
Acc19 6.7
1.3
82 1 5
Acc20 6.8
1.3
35 1 6
Acc21 6.7
1.3
54 1 7
Acc22 6.0
1.3
28 1 5
Acc23 7.1
1.3
67 1 7
Acc24 7.2
1.5
44 2 5
Acc25 7.7
1.6
58 1 4
Acc26 5.1
1.1
30 2 5
Acc27 5.9
1.3
56 2 6
Acc28 6.6
1.4
59 2 3
Acc29 7.5
1.4
22 1 3
Acc30 7.7
1.5
53 1 4
Acc31 7.5
1.4
45 1 3
Acc32 6.1
1.3
42 2 6
Acc33 8.2
1.4
52 1 4
Acc34 8.0
1.5
37 1 7
Acc35 7.9
1.5
27 2 5
Acc36 5.9
1.2
37 2 5
Acc37 6.8
1.4
63 1 5
Acc38 6.5
1.1
31 1 5
Acc39 7.7
1.4
63 1 8
Acc40 8.0
1.5
47 1 8
Acc41 7.9
1.4
42 1 7
Acc42 6.8
1.4
39 1 6
Acc43 7.6
1.4
45 1 6
Acc44 6.6
1.2
37 1 7
Acc45 7.1
1.5
52 2 5
Acc46 6.7
1.5
53 1 8
Acc47 6.9
1.4
47 1 6
Acc48 6.0
1.3
45 1 5
Acc49 8.3
1.9
49 2 7
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
29
Table 4 continued …
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH
WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc50 6.6
1.4
39 1 6
Acc51 6.8
1.2
59 1 5
Acc52 6.5
1.4
62 2 4
Acc53 5.6
1.4
45 2 4
Acc54 5.2
1.4
44 2 4
Acc55 6.0
1.6
39 2 3
Acc56 6.5
1.6
37 2 3
Acc57 6.8
1.5
41 2 2
Acc58 6.2
1.5
36 2 4
Acc59 6.9
1.5
46 2 5
Acc60 6.6
1.5
40 2 6
Acc61 6.9
1.5
36 2 5
Acc62 7.2
1.5
28 2 5
Acc63 7.1
1.6
42 2 5
Acc64 6.9
1.5
48 1 5
Acc65 7.3
1.5
40 2 4
Acc66 6.8
1.4
42 2 5
Acc67 6.8
1.4
45 2 5
Acc68 6.6
1.4
59 2 5
Acc69 6.8
1.4
39 1 6
Acc70 6.9
1.4
48 1 5
Acc71 6.5
1.4
39 2 3
Acc72 7.1
1.5
28 2 4
Acc73 7.3
1.6
20 2 5
Acc74 7.4
1.6
40 1 4
Acc75 7.0
1.6
71 1 4
Acc76 7.0
1.4
45 1 6
Acc77 6.9
1.5
30 1 4
Acc78 6.2
1.5
32 2 3
Acc79 7.5
1.5
41 2 5
Acc80 6.8
1.6
34 1 4
Acc81 7.2
1.4
45 2 6
Acc82 6.4
1.5
61 1 6
Acc83 6.0
1.3
39 1 4
Acc84 7.3
1.5
45 1 5
Acc85 6.5
1.5
55 2 5
Acc86 7.2
1.5
41 1 5
Acc87 7.0
1.5
70 1 5
Acc88 7.1
1.4
54 1 4
Acc89 6.5
1.4
37 1 6
Acc90 7.1
1.5
76 1 5
Acc91 7.4
1.5
71 1 5
Acc92 6.5
1.7
60 1 4
Acc93 7.2
1.5
75 1 5
Acc94 5.8
1.3
31 1 4
Acc95 7.1
1.5
56 1 7
Acc96 7.1
1.6
67 1 7
Acc97 6.0
1.5
63 1 3
Acc98 6.5
1.3
38 1 7
Acc99 6.8
1.5
45 1 3
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
30
Table 4 continued …
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH
WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc100 6.4
1.6 36
2 4
Acc101 7.0
1.5 22
2 4
Acc102 6.7
1.5 28
2 5
Acc103 6.4
1.5 39
1 5
Acc104 7.2
1.6 40
1 6
Acc105 6.4
1.4 21
2 5
Acc106 6.8
1.5 42
1 3
Acc107 6.8
1.5 27
2 5
Acc108 7.2
1.5 36
1 7
Acc109 7.7
1.8 32
2 4
Acc110 7.3
1.7 25
1 5
Acc111 6.5
1.5 37
1 3
Acc112 7.0
1.5 41
2 3
Acc113 7.1
1.6 51
2 5
Acc114 7.3
1.6 46
2 5
Acc115 6.7
1.5 27
2 6
Acc116 7.0
1.4 34
2 6
Acc117 5.8
1.5 75
2 7
Acc118 6.3
1.5 43
2 4
Acc119 6.6
1.6 66
2 6
Acc120 6.7
1.6 54
1 3
Acc121 6.8
1.5 38
2 3
Acc122 6.9
1.6 35
2 6
Acc123 6.9
1.5 41
2 5
Acc124 6.8
1.4 35
2 5
Acc125 7.7
1.6 54
1 8
Acc126 7.4
1.5 36
1 4
Acc127 7.7
1.4 37
2 5
Acc128 7.5
1.4 23
1 5
Acc129 7.2
1.4 34
1 5
Acc130 7.3
1.4 24
1 6
Acc131 6.4
1.4 41
2 6
Acc132 6.6
1.5 69
2 5
Acc133 7.0
1.6 46
1 4
Acc134 6.7
1.5 36
1 3
Acc135 7.9
1.6 69
1 4
Acc136 7.8
1.6 53
1 5
Acc137 7.8
1.7 63
1 4
Acc138 7.2
1.7 85
1 3
Acc139 7.4
1.5 71
1 3
Acc140 7.8
1.6 56
1 4
Acc141 7.9
1.5 92
1 5
Acc142 8.8
1.6 45
1 4
Acc143 7.8
1.5 33
1 3
Acc144 7.1
1.2 35
2 5
Acc145 7.6
1.5 38
1 7
Acc146 7.5
1.5 46
1 4
Acc147 7.3
1.4 41
1 3
Acc148 7.0
1.5 51
1 5
Acc149 7.5
1.4 48
1 7
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
31
Table 4 continued …
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc150 7.1
1.5
37 1
5
Acc151 7.0
1.4
22 1
5
Acc152 6.9
1.6
31 2
4
Acc153 6.5
1.4
32 2
3
Acc154 6.8
1.6
49 1
5
TOTAL 1,067.8
225.9
7,063
218 747
Variance 0.39
0.02
210.07 0.24
1.64
Standard Variation
0.62
0.12
14.49
0.49
1.28
MEAN 6.934
1.467
45.864
1.416
4.851
Qualitative Characters
Leaf
color. All the garden pea accessions characterized had green leaf as shown
in Table 5.
Flower
color. Table 5 presents the color of flowers observed in the garden pea
accession characterized 90 % had purple flower color, 9 % had white flower color and
only one accessions had pink flowers.
Pod
color. As presented in Table 5, 76 % of the garden pea accessions had dark
green pods while 24 % had green pods.
Pod
shape. The pod shape of the garden pea accession varied from straight to
curved. Sixty six percent of the accessions had curved pods while 24 % had straight pods
(Table 5).
Stringiness
of
pod. All garden pea accessions were observed to be stringless as
presented in Table 5.
Waxiness of pod. The presence of wax in the pods was observed in all the garden
pea accessions as noted in Table 5.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
32
Seed
color. Table 5 shows that the seed color of the garden pea accession ranged
from light green, to green, to dark green, to dotted green and to cream. It was observed
that the accessions with white flower color produced cream seeds while the accessions
with purple flowers produced either dotted green, light green and dark green seeds.
Seed
shape. Eighty three percent (83 %) of the garden pea accessions had
wrinkled seeds while 17 % had round seeds as shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Qualitative characters of 154 garden pea accessions
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc1 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Cream Round
Acc2 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc3 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Cream Round
Acc4 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc5 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc6 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc7 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
green
Acc8 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc9 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc10 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc11 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
green
Acc12 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
green
Acc13 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc14
Green Purple Green
Straight Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc15 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc16 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc17 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
33
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc18 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc19 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc20 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc21 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc22 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc23 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc24 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc25 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc26 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Cream
Round
Acc27 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
Acc28 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc29 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
Acc30 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc31 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc32 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc33 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc34 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Dotted
Wrinkled
green
Acc35 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Dotted Round
green
green
Acc36 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Dotted
Round
green
Acc37 Green
Purple
Green
Straigh
Stringless Present
Dotted
Wrinkled
t
green
Acc38 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc39 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc40 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present
Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc41 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc42 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
34
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc43 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc44 Green
White
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Cream Round
green
Acc45 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc46 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc47 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc48 Green
White
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Cream Round
green
Acc49 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc50 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc51 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc52 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc53 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc54 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
Acc55 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
Acc56 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
Acc57 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Light
Wrinkled
green
Acc58 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
Acc59 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
Acc60 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc61 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc62 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc63 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc64 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc65 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc66 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
35
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc67 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc68 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc69 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Cream
Wrinkled
Acc70 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc71 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc72 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc73 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc74 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc75 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc76 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc77 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc78 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc79 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc80 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc81 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc82 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc83 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc84 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc85 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc86 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc87 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc88 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc89 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc90 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc91 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
36
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc92 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc93 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc94 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc95 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc96 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc97 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc98 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc99 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc100 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc101 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc102 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc103 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc104 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc105 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc106 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc107 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc108 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc109 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc110 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc111 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc112 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc113 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc114 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc115 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc116 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
37
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc117 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc118 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc119 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc120 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc121 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc122 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc123 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc124 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc125 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc126 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc127 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc128 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc129 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc130 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc131 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc132 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc133 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc134 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc135 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc136 Green Pink Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
white
green
green
Acc137 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc138 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc139 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc140 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc141 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
38
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc142 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc143 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc144 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc145 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc146 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc147 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc148 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc149 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc150 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc151 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc152 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc153 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc154 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Out of the 154 accessions characterized 20 were identified promising materials
for commercialization because of their prolificacy and pod quality such as Accs 3, 5, 6, 7,
8, 13,23, 25, 43, 109, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153 and 54.
B. Diversity Indices (H`)
The computed diversity indices for the quantitative characters ranged from 0.63
(number of days from flowering to pod setting) to 0.99 (number of flower per cluster)
with mean diversity of 0.87 (Table 6). Number of days from emergence to first
flowering, leaf width, number of nodes per plant, node number bearing last flower
cluster, internode length and pod length had a diversity index of 0.87. Only five
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
39
characters had H` below 0.87 which range from 70 to 85, such as number of days from
emergence to last flowering (0.84), number of days from pod setting to maturity (0.85),
number of leaflet per plant (0.70), stem diameter (0.85) and pod width (0.82). It was also
observed that most of the characters measured had high H’ indicating high variability
present within the collection.
Table 7 presents the diversity indices for qualitative characters gathered from the
154 accessions of garden pea. Diversity indices ranged from 0.34 to 0.99. The diversity
value showed low variation for the flower color having 0.34 H’. Medium variation for
seed shape (0.66) while high variation was noted for pod color (0.81), pod shape (0.99)
and seed color (0.86).
Pooling diversity values for both the quantitative and qualitative characters gave
an overall mean diversity index of 0.80 in the collection. This implies that variability
among the existing accession is sufficient already to select parents to be involved in
hybridization program to develop desirable variety of garden pea.
C. Cluster Analysis
The cluster analysis conducted on the 28 characters of the 154 garden pea
accessions (23 quantitative characters and five qualitative characters) formed 14 distinct
clusters, at a dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73 (Figure 1). There were eight single
character cluster. There were six two to six characters cluster such as cluster 1 to 4, 8,
11, 13 and 14. The presence of eight single characters cluster indicated distinctiveness of
the characters. For two to six character clusters could due to the similarities of character
within the accessions.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
40
Cluster analysis for 154 accessions of garden pea resulted in the formation of a
tree with 41 clusters at a dissimilarity coefficient of 0.50. There were 14 single accession
clusters, 10 two-accession clusters, 14 3 to 6 accession clusters and three 11 to 15
accession clusters (Figure 2). Clusters with one accession, signifies distinctness of the
accession from the other single accession clusters and other clusters with 2 or more
accessions. The existence of clusters with few or more accessions indicated the presence
of high variation among clusters of the accessions studied and high similarities of
accessions within a cluster.
Table 6. Computed diversity indices (H`) for the quantitative characters
CHARACTER H’
Number of days from planting to seed emergence
0.90
Number of days from emergence to first flowering
0.87
Number of days from emergence to last flowering
0.84
Number of days from pod setting to maturity
0.85
Number of leaflet per plant
0.70
Leaf length
0.95
Leaf width
0.87
Tendril length
0.91
Plant height at 35DAP
0.95
Stem diameter
0.85
Number of nodes per plant
0.87
Number of node bearing first flower cluster
0.88
Number of node bearing last flower cluster
0.87
Internode length
0.87
Number of branches
0.91
Final plant height
0.91
Number of flower per cluster
0.99
Pod length
0.87
Pod width
0.82
Number of pod cluster per plant
0.93
Number of pods per cluster
0.98
Number of seeds per pod
0.89
Mean diversity index
0.87
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
41
Table 7. Computed diversity indices (H`) for the qualitative characters
CHARACTERS H’
Flower color
0.34
Pod color
0.81
Pod shape
0.99
Seed color
0.86
Seed shape
0.66
Mean diversity index
0.73
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
42
Figure 1. Phenogram produced from cluster analysis of the 28 characters of garden pea
using NTSys v.2.1
LEGEND:
NDFPSE -
Number of days from sowing to emergence
LL-
Leaf length
SC-
Seed color
LW-
Leaf width
NDFFP-
Number of days from flowering to pod setting
TL-
Tendril length
NDFPM-
Number of days from flowering to pod maturity
NOB-
Number of branches
NOS/P-
Number of seeds/ pod
NOPC/P-
Number of pod cluster/plant
PS-
Pod shape
NOL/P-
Number of leaflet/plant
NDFEFF-
Number of days from emergence to first flowering
SD-
Stem diameter
NON/P-
Number of nodes/plant
FC-
Flower color
NNBLFC-
Number of nodes bearing last flower cluster
SS-
Seed shape
NNBFFC-
Number of nodes bearing 1st flower cluster
PC-
Pod color
FPH-
Final plant height
PL-
Pod length
NOF/C-
Number of flower/cluster
PW-
Pod width
NOP/C-
Number of pod/cluster IL-
Internode
length
NDFELF-
Number of days from emergence to last flowering
PH-
Plant height at 35 DAP
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
43
Figure 2. Phenogram produced from cluster analysis of the 154 garden pea accessions
using 28 characters NTSys v.2.1
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
44
Figure 2. Continued…
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
45
Figure 2. Continued…
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
46
Figure 2. Continued…
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
47
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The 154 accessions of garden pea were characterized to estimate variation among
them through diversity and cluster analysis.
The 154 accessions of garden pea observed in this study emerged in 5 to 7 days
after planting, bore flowers from 54 to 86 days after emergence, took three to nine days
from flowering to pod setting and 27 to 47 days from pod setting to seed maturity.
The leaflet length varied from 4.1 to 7.6 cm and width ranged from 3.1 to 7.5 cm.
Tendril length measured from 3.8 to 8.9 cm. Eighty percent (80 %) of the accessions had
only one flower per cluster and the 20 % had two flowers per cluster. Plant height at 35
DAP ranged from 35 to 59 cm while stem diameter ranged from 0.40 to 0.60 cm only.
The number of nodes per plant recorded ranged from 12 to 32 and the first flower was
located on the 8th to 21st node from the base of the plant. The last flower developed on
the 12th to 32nd node. Internode length measured from 4.7 to 11.1 cm. There were 2 to
18 branches noted per plant. The final plant height varied from 100 to 193 cm.
The pod length of the 154 accessions ranged from 5.1 to 8.8 cm while pod width
measured from 1.3 to 15 cm. There were 20 to 92 pod clusters per plant noted among the
154 accessions studied. The number of pods per cluster was either 1 or 2 only. There
were 2 to 8 seeds per pod that developed per accession.
In terms of quantitative characters observed in this study, the 154 accessions of
garden pea had green leaves, 90 % had purple flowers and 9 % had white flower. Only 1
% had pink flowers. Pod color varied from green to dark with straight to curved shape.
All of the accessions had stringless and waxy pods. The seed color varied from light
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
48
green to dark green to dotted green to cream. Eighty-three percent (83 %) of the
accessions had wrinkled seed and 17 % had round seeds.
Out of the 154 accessions observed, 20 were identified promising materials for
commercialization because of the prolificacy and pod quality such as accs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,
13,23, 25, 43, 109, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153 and 54.
Results on diversity analysis, revealed high variations within the collection of
accessions at BSU-IPB HCRS. The computed diversity indices (H`) for the quantitative
characters ranged from 0.63 (number of days from flowering to pod setting) to 0.99
(number of flower per cluster) with a mean diversity index of 0.87. Among quantitative
characters, five characters had lower than 0.87 H` which ranged from 0.70 to 0.85 H`.
The diversity indices for qualitative characters gathered from 154 accessions ranged from
0.34 to 0.99 H`. The H` 0.34 indicated low variation for flower color. Medium variation
for seed shape (0.66) was observed while the rest of qualitative characters had high
variation with a mean of 0.73 H`. Pooling of diversity indices for all the characters
observed gave an overall mean diversity index of 0.80 an indication of high variation
within the collection.
Cluster analysis for the 28 characters formed 14 distinct clusters at the
dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73. There were 8 single character clusters and six 2 to 6
character clusters. This indicated that characters with single character clusters was
distinct from each other and from clusters 2 or more characters. Cluster analysis of 154
accessions of garden pea resulted in the formation of a tree with 41 clusters at a
dissimilarity coefficient of 0.50. There were 14 single accession clusters, 10 two
accession clusters and 17 13 to 15 accession clusters. Clusters with one accession,
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
49
signified distinctness from the other single accession clusters. In addition, existence of
clusters with three or more accessions indicated the presence of high variation among
clusters of the accessions studied and high similarities of accessions within a cluster.
Conclusion
The 154 accessions differed in the characters observed in this study. Twenty
accessions were selected and identified promising materials for commercialization
because of their prolificacy and pod quality namely accs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 23, 25, 43, 109,
129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153 and 54.
The computed diversity indices (H`) for the quantitative characters ranged from
0.63 to 0.99 with a mean diversity indices of 0.87. Five characters has lower than 0.87
H` which ranged from 0.70 to 0.85 H`. Diversity indices for qualitative characters ranged
from 0.34 to 0.99 H` with a mean 0.73 H`. The 0.34 H` indicated low variation and
medium variation for 0.66 H` was observed while the rest of quantitative characters had
high variation. Pooling of diversity indices for all the characters observed gave an
overall diversity of 0.80 and indication of high variation with in the collection.
The high diversity indices indicate the existence of high variation within the
collection based on the quantitative and qualitative characters measured. The high
variation present among the accessions studied indicates that potential parents with
desirable characters for breeding program could be selected and identified.
Cluster analysis revealed how diversity is partitioned with in the different group
produced among characters. The 28 characters formed 14 distinct clusters at the
dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73. This indicated that characters with single character
clusters were distinct from each other and from cluster with 2 or more characters. Cluster
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
50
analysis of 154 accessions of garden pea resulted in a formation of a tree with 41 clusters
at a dissimilarity coefficient of 0.50 cluster with one accession, signified distinctness
from the other single accession clusters. In addition, the existence of clusters with few or
more accessions indicated the presence of high variation among clusters of the accessions
studied and high similarities of accessions within a cluster.
Recommendation
Selection among the accessions studied based on characterization done is
recommended for better garden pea production because of their prolificacy and pod
quality
The high variation found in characters measured in this study among accessions in
the collection could be used to start a breeding program and for further evaluation and
selection to release new variety for commercial production of garden pea.
Although results of the study indicated high harvest indices (H`) for most
characters, it is still recommended that characters having lower H` namely flower color
and seed shaped should be the focus in the future collection trip in collecting garden pea
varieties or materials.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
51
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germplasm collection of durum wheat. Euphytica 60 (9): 229-238.
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POELMAN. J.M. 1997. Breeding fields crops. University of Missuri West Post,
Connecticut. Avi Publishing Comp. Inc. Pp. 33-34.
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Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
SUBELAN, RONALINDA G. APRIL 2006. Characterization, Diversity and
Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L). Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Leoncia L. Tandang, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The 154 accessions of garden pea were characterized to estimate variation
through diversity and cluster analysis.
The 154 accessions differed in the characters observed in this study. Out of the
154 accessions observed, 20 were selected and identified promising materials for
commercialization because of their prolificacy and pod quality.
Diversity analysis revealed high variation within the collection of the accessions
at BSU-IPB-HCRS. The computed diversity indices for the quantitative characters
ranged from 0.63 (number of days from flowering to pod setting) to 0.99 (number of
flower per cluster) with a mean of diversity index of 0.87. The diversity indices for
quantitative characters ranged from 0.34 to 0.99 with a mean diversity index of 0.73.
Pooling of diversity indices for all the characters observed gave an overall mean diversity
index of 0.80 an indication of high variation within the collection.
Cluster analysis for the 28 characters formed 14 distinct clusters at the
dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73. There were eight single character clusters and six two
to six character clusters. This indicated that clusters with single character were distinct
from each other and form clusters with 2 or more characters, Cluster analysis for
accessions resulted in the formation of a tree with 41 clusters at a dissimilarity coefficient
of 0.50. There were 14 single accession clusters, 10 two accession clusters and 17 3 to 15
accession clusters. Clusters with one accession, signified distinctness from the other
single accession clusters. The existence of clusters with three or more accessions
indicated the presence of high variation among clusters of the accessions studied and high
similarities of accessions within a cluster.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Importance of Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Importance of Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Heritability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Parent-offspring Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Selection among F1-Derived . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
A. Characterization
13
Quantitative Characters
13
Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from planting to
seed emergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from emergence to
first flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from emergence to
last flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Number of days from flowering to
pod setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
iii
Number of days from pod setting to
seed maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Leaflet Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Leaflet length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Leaflet width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Tendril Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Number of Flower/s Per Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Stem Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Plant height at 35 days after planting (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Stem diameter (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Number of nodes per plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Node number bearing first flower cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Node number bearing last flower cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Internode length (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Number of branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Final plant height (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Pod and Seed Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Pod length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Pod width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Number of pod cluster per plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Number of pods per cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Number of seeds per pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Qualitative Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
iv
Leaf color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Flower color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Pod color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Pod shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Stringiness of pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Waxiness of pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Seed color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Seed shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
B. Diversity Indices (H`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
C. Cluster Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
v
INTRODUCTION
Among crops raised in the country, garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) is freshly
shelled and rank high in protein, calories and in ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). It is widely
grown and consumed as a fresh succulent vegetable or as dried seed and for canned or
frozen. Seeds are round, soft, smooth or wrinkled and contain more sugar (Purseglove,
1972). It is one of the vegetable legumes that can be profitably grown in high elevated
areas having cool climate. It is grown for its economic and nutritional values.
Success in acquiring good quality and high yielding garden pea calls for a
thorough knowledge of its climatic requirement and adaptation of a good varieties. Most
developing countries face the general problem of malnutrition, particularly the deficiency
of protein in diet. Because of its nutritional importance, production of vegetable legume
like garden pea must be increased to meet the demand of the increasing population.
Morphological characterization is one way of documenting variety traits that can
be used to distinguish one variety from other varieties. One of the major goals of any
plant improvement program is to increase profitability of the crop. Since yield is a major
concern in developing new pea cultivars. At the same time, quality of the shelled peas
must be maintained or improved to encourage consumption (Basset, 1977).
Usually high heritable morphological characters are employed for the purpose of
characterization (IBPGR, 1981). It includes a sufficient number of traits that are useful in
eliminating duplicates. It is important in establishing the identity of a variety and
assessing its agronomic utilization potential. It is also important in the field of
agriculture for breeders, researchers and producers to further evaluate the characteristics
of the existing varieties, species and progenies adapted to cold and warm conditions.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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High diversity of the crop is beneficial to a particular area. Although not all
necessarily often the kind of yield characteristics desired by farmers, the fact is that each
and every variety probably carries genes of superior quality. By crossing varieties of
inferior yield qualities could result in new superior strains. For this reason, the existence
of such high diversity should be maintained (Sawor et. al, 1993)
The study was undertaken to characterize the different accessions of garden pea to
estimate variation among accessions through diversity and cluster analysis.
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University-Institute of Plant
Breeding Highland Crops Research Station (BSU-IPB-HCRS) from October 2005 to
March 2006.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Importance of Characterization
Characterization is based on agro-morphological characteristics of plants.
Standardized descriptions are used to characterize materials so that information exchange
of genetic resources is more accessible to researchers and plant breeders. Breeders could
use them as references for exploiting new traits that is desirable and related to yield.
Characters of importance should be identified to correlate with yield and later
improvement could be done (Borromeo, et al., 1994). IPGRI in 1994 emphasized that
characterization of genetic diversity of organisms can’t be achieved with phenotypic
traits and molecular markers, which may not always correlate. Phenotypic traits have the
advantage that they may be directly related to the fitness of the populations and
usefulness for plant breeding. A thorough evaluation of traits requires multi location,
multi year trials to account for environmental effect and genotypes x environment
interaction.
Morphological characterization is done to identify morphotypes. A morphotype is
a group of plants showing morphological similarities, apparently of the same phenotype,
but not necessarily of the same genetic constitution. Thus, molecular characterization can
follow to identify genotypes. At this stage, a curator has an efficient collection with a
minimum of duplicates. Consequently, the collection is smaller than the original one.
Studies on genetic diversity and evaluation such as agronomic characters, nutrition, and
reaction to biotic and abiotic factors can be carried out on this kind of material. Once that
has been achieved, a core collection (basic sample of a germplasm collection representing
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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4
the wide range of diversity in terms of morphology, geographical coverage and genes)
can be established (Fontanetti, et al., 2002).
Importance of Diversity
Analysis of the level of diversity among improved varieties is used in breeding
programs as this influences parental selection in succeeding varietal development (Caldo
and Hipolito, 1996). Maintenance of the diversity helps to ensure the specific cultivars
that are available when and where farmers need. To achieve this local knowledge is an
essential resource for identifying, cultivating, utilizing and preferences, adaptability to
local growing conditions and traditional beliefs and practices. Serve as a major impetus
to conserve diversity. However, increased market orientation and new livelihood
opportunities have reduced diversity, mainly threatening those cultivars that have no
immediate economic value which underscores the needs for farmers to conserve cultivar
diversity for strategic purpose against the backdrop of changing socio, cultural, economic
and agro-ecological environments (Campilan, 2002) as cited by Rebujio, 2003.
Conservation and management of valuable genetic resources collection entails an
understanding of the nature and structure of genetic diversity existing within it
(Siopongco et al., 1999). Ignacio (2005) stated that there was variability for most of the
morphological characters of rice bean. The high diversity indices indicate the existence of
high variation within the collection of characters. Selection for characters could be done
due to high diversity index. Selection may warrant future improvement of the crop.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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Heritability
Heritability is the proportion of the total variation in a progeny that is a result of
genetic factor and may be transmitted (Poehlman, 1997). Heritability refers to the extent
to which a phenotypic trait is under genetic control. Most traits of interest are to some
degree polygenic (that is, controlled by multiple genes), and their expression may be
further modified by environmental (non-genetic) factors. The question of heritability is
exactly the basis for the nature vs. nurture debates that have surrounded study of traits
such as human intelligence, aggression, homosexuality and creativity. The heritability
determines (along with the strength of artificial or natural selection) the response to
selection, or the magnitude and rate of change in a character from one generation to the
next as a function of selection.
Parent-offspring Regression
It is a specific phenotypic trait that is measured for both the parent and the
offspring at the same age and compared using regression. The slope of regression of
offspring is a comparison between either the mother or father and the offspring and gives
an estimate of half of the narrow sense heritability. The slope of the father-offspring
regression may differ from mother-offspring regression due to maternal effects, a
component of the environmental variance and could be used to determine the effect of the
maternal effects, a component of the environmental variance and could be used to
determine the effect of the maternal environment on a specific trait (Hof, 1996).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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Selection among F1-Derived
Gamete selection in the F1, when combined with early generation evaluation and
selection, helps identify promising populations and families within population. These are
used to develop superior line for subsequent evaluation and new cultivar selection. Both
qualitative traits between and within F1 derived families are selected, seed yield is
determined in diverse environments representative of the pea production. Development
and evaluation is to develop breeding lines possessing multiple desirable traits and to
conform seed, plant and adoption characteristics, by selecting promising families to use
(Kang, 2002)
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred forty four progenies and ten maternal varieties of garden pea were
planted following a serpentine system. An area of 100 m2 divided into 10 plots was
planted maintaining 20 cm distance between hills and 2 cm depth at a rate of one seed per
hill. Appropriate cultural management practices were provided throughout the growth of
the plant.
The following were the treatments used:
TREATMENT
CLG and 16 progenies
89-001 and 19 progenies
CGP-116 and 26 progenies
CGP-154 and 25 progenies
CGP-34 and 26 progenies
CGP-11 and 8 progenies
CGP-59 and 7 progenies
CGP-18A and 8 progenies
N335 and 7 progenies
CGP-13 and CGP 13 x 89-001 (2 progenies)
In this study the different entries that served as treatments were called accessions
(Accs).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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Data Collection
At particular stages of growth, characterization of qualitative and quantitative
morpho-agronomic characters was done based on descriptors list for snap bean and chick
pea (IBPGR, 2004). Results were presented using descriptive method.
A. Quantitative characters
1. Maturity
a. Number of days from sowing to emergence. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from sowing to emergence of seedlings.
b. Number of days from emergence to first flowering. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from emergence to first flowering.
c. Number of days from emergence to last flowering. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from emergence to last flowering.
d. Number of days from flowering to pod setting. This was recorded by
counting the numbers of days from flowering until the pods were fully developed.
e. Number of days from pod setting to seed maturity. This was recorded by
counting the number of days from pod setting to seed maturity.
2. Leaflet Characteristics
a. Leaflet length (cm). This was measured using a foot ruler from the base of
the petiole to the tip of the leaves at 35 days after planting (DAP).
b. Leaflet width (cm). This was gathered using a foot ruler measuring the
broadest part of the leaves at 35 DAP.
c. Tendril length (cm). This was measured from the base to the tip of the
tendril using a ruler when the plants were fully mature.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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3. Stem Characteristics
a. Plant height at 35 DAP. This was measured from the base of the plant at
ground level to the tip of the youngest shoot using a meter stick at 35 DAP.
b. Diameter of stem (cm). This was measured at the mid-portion of the plant
using vernier caliper at 35 DAP.
c. Number of nodes per plant. This was counted from the base of the plant
to the tip of the main stem.
d. Node number bearing first flower cluster. This was recorded by counting
the nodes from the base of the plant to the node bearing the first flower cluster.
e. Node number bearing last pod cluster. This was recorded by counting the
nodes from the base of the plant to the node bearing the last pod cluster.
f. Internode length (cm). This was measured by getting the mean length of
three internodes at the midpoint of the plant.
g. Number of branches. This was obtained by counting the branches of the
plants one week before harvesting
h. Final plant height (cm). This was measured from the base of the plant to
the tip of the plant using a meter stick at maturity.
4. Flower characteristics
a. Number of flowers per cluster. This was recorded by counting the number
of flower/s per cluster.
5. Pod Characteristics
a. Pod length (cm). This was obtained by measuring the base to the tip of the
pod of ten sample pods.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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b. Pod width (cm). This was obtained by measuring the broadest part of the
pod used in gathering pod length using a ruler.
c. Number of pod cluster per plant. This was obtained by counting the
number of pods cluster per plant.
d. Number of pods per cluster. This was obtained by counting the number of
pods per cluster.
6. Seed Characteristics
a. Number of seeds per pod. This was obtained by counting the number of
from ten sample pods.
B. Qualitative characters
1. Leaf color. This was recorded when plants are at their maximum vegetative
growth about 35 DAP using the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart (RHSCC).
2. Flower color. This was recorded by visually looking at the flowers when they
were fully opened using RHSCC.
3. Pod color. This was recorded as green, light green, yellow, dark green when
the pods were fully developed.
4. Pod shape. This was recorded as flat, curve or straight.
5. Stringiness. This was recorded during harvest and recorded whether the green
pod is stringy or stringless. Stringy if there is pod suture string when snapped and
stringless when there is no pod suture.
6. Waxiness of pod. This was recorded by observing the presence or absence of
wax in the pods.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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11
7. Seed color. This was obtained by visual observation of the seeds using
RHSCC.
8. Seed shape. This was recorded as round, smooth, wrinkled, cubical and
flattened.
Data Analysis
The quantitative and qualitative data gathered were described and discussed using
percentage and ranges.
Quantification of Variation Using the
Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index
Estimate of variability for each quantitative and qualitative character was
computed using the standardized Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index, designated as H’, for
qualitative the following formula was used:
H’ = ∑pi* log2Pi/log2K
Where pi = relative frequency
K = number of descriptor states
Following the work of Pecetti et al. (1992), the same formula was applied to the
quantitative character following construction of the frequency classes, with the class
boundaries equal to some function of mean and standard deviation. For each character,
the overall entry mean (X) and standard deviation (O) was used to subdivide the
accession values (X1) into frequency classes, with a class width of 0.50. The lowest and
highest values were considered to determine the number of classes to construct. The
following formula was used to estimate variability in quantitative characters.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
12
H’ = ∑pi* log2Pi/log2n
Where pi = relative frequency
N = number of classes
The Shannon Weaver Diversity Index has a value ranging from 0 to 1, where 0
indicates absence of diversity and 1 indicates maximum diversity.
Cluster Analysis
Using standardized data, numerical measures of likeness/similarity were
computed and distance matrix was constructed using Dissimilarity Coefficients.
Clustering (Sequential, Agglomerative, Hierarchical, Nested) by UPGMA (Unweighed
Pair Group of Arithmetic Mean) method used by Siopongco in 1997 was followed.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Characterization
Quantitative Characters
Maturity
Number of days from planting to seed emergence. Table 1 shows the number of
days from planting to seed emergence of the 154 accessions of garden pea studied.
Seventy percent of the total accessions emerged in seven days and 30 % emerged 5 days
after sowing.
Number of days from emergence to first flowering. Among the 154 accessions of
garden pea observed, Acc 39 was the earliest to bear flower at 25 days after emergence
and Acc 105 was the latest at 58 days after emergence as shown in Table 1.
Number of days from emergence to last flowering. As also shown in Table 1,
Acc 153 was the earliest to stop flowering at 54 days from emergence while Acc 36 was
the latest at 86 days after emergence.
Number of days from flowering to pod setting. The number of days from
flowering to pod setting of the garden pea accessions ranged from three to nine days. This
was recorded when the pods were fully developed (Table 1).
Number of days from pod setting to seed maturity. Table 1 presents that Acc 29
was the earliest to mature at 27 days while Accs 5 and 7 were the latest to mature at 47
days from pod setting.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
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Table 1. Maturity indices of 154 garden pea accessions
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc1 5
38
68
5
35
Acc2 5
37
66
7
35
Acc3 7
36
79
9
32
Acc4 7
36
66
5
35
Acc5 7
38
77
8
47
Acc6 7
36
67
5
35
Acc7 7
48
69
5
47
Acc8 5
36
68
7
37
Acc9 7
36
62
5
33
Acc10 7
37
65
5
39
Acc11 7
46
69
4
39
Acc12 7
45
69
4
39
Acc13 7
36
62
7
39
Acc14 7
36
58
5
33
Acc15 7
34
67
4
35
Acc16 7
36
65
2
37
Acc17 7
35
66
5
35
Acc18
7
36
60
5
35
Acc19 7
38
62
5
35
Acc20 7
38
63
6
35
Acc21 7
38
62
5
36
Acc22 7
42
69
4
36
Acc23 7
27
57
5
34
Acc24 7
34
62
6
34
Acc25 5
38
68
6
34
Acc26 5
49
49
7
37
Acc27 7
45
45
5
37
Acc28 7
42
42
5
37
Acc29 7
35
59
5
27
Acc30 5
36
67
7
35
Acc31 7
33
66
6
35
Acc32 5
45
55
5
28
Acc33 7
27
68
7
34
Acc34 5
29
63
7
34
Acc35 7
33
66
5
30
Acc36 5
48
68
5
30
Acc37 7
26
71
6
35
Acc38 7
47
70
4
35
Acc39 7
25
65
6
36
Acc40 5
35
66
6
36
Acc41 7
34
66
6
34
Acc42 7
35
63
6
35
Acc43 5
36
64
7
35
Acc44 7
39
68
7
32
Acc45 7
43
66
4
28
Acc46 7
48
78
5
35
Acc47 7
42
70
4
28
Acc48 7
43
76
5
35
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
15
Table 1 continued…
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc49 7
43
71
5
34
Acc50 5
52
69
4
32
Acc51 7
40
70
6
32
Acc52 7
48
72
4
28
Acc53 7
46
70
4
30
Acc54 7
46
68
4
30
Acc55 7
46
70
4
30
Acc56 7
45
67
4
31
Acc57 7
45
70
4
31
Acc58 7
46
70
3
31
Acc59 7
46
70
3
31
Acc60 7
41
72
5
35
Acc61 7
42
66
5
34
Acc62 7
41
68
6
34
Acc63 5
42
68
4
34
Acc64 7
35
64
7
35
Acc65 5
44
68
5
37
Acc66 5
45
68
5
32
Acc67 5
43
74
5
34
Acc68 5
45
73
5
35
Acc69 5
40
68
6
32
Acc70 5
38
68
5
35
Acc71 7
46
70
6
35
Acc72 7
45
66
3
35
Acc73 7
45
61
4
34
Acc74 7
33
62
6
35
Acc75 7
38
73
6
32
Acc76 7
37
66
5
34
Acc77 7
42
66
3
34
Acc78 7
46
74
5
34
Acc79 7
36
74
5
36
Acc80 7
37
66
5
37
Acc81 5
36
66
6
37
Acc82 5
37
64
3
35
Acc83 7
48
77
4
34
Acc84 7
38
63
7
35
Acc85 5
39
68
6
32
Acc86 5
37
68
7
34
Acc87 7
34
66
6
34
Acc88 5
37
67
4
34
Acc89 7
46
77
6
35
Acc90 7
35
71
6
34
Acc91 5
33
71
5
34
Acc92 7
44
71
5
36
Acc93 7
36
64
7
32
Acc94 7
44
76
6
35
Acc95 7
44
71
6
33
Acc96 7
41
71
4
34
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
16
Table 1 continued…
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc97 7
43
71
5
36
Acc98 7
33
64
6
35
Acc99 5
37
66
5
35
Acc100 7
37
66
5
32
Acc101 7
42
67
5
32
Acc102 7
46
69
5
32
Acc103 7
37
66
4
32
Acc104 5
43
66
4
34
Acc105 5
58
76
6
32
Acc106 7
44
65
5
35
Acc107 7
43
66
5
34
Acc108 5
40
63
6
34
Acc109 7
42
71
4
35
Acc110 7
46
70
6
32
Acc111 7
42
70
4
33
Acc112 5
48
68
5
34
Acc113 5
40
64
4
35
Acc114 5
48
68
7
35
Acc115 7
48
66
4
36
Acc116 7
46
64
6
34
Acc117 5
43
72
4
35
Acc118 5
44
71
5
35
Acc119 7
40
66
6
35
Acc120 5
44
68
4
32
Acc121 7
43
66
4
34
Acc122 5
43
64
5
34
Acc123 7
46
66
5
34
Acc125 5
37
68
5
35
Acc126 5
38
67
5
36
Acc127 5
32
62
6
36
Acc128 5
31
62
7
38
Acc129 5
31
62
6
39
Acc130 7
30
65
4
39
Acc131 7
37
78
5
35
Acc132 7
41
70
4
34
Acc133 7
41
71
4
34
Acc134 7
44
76
5
34
Acc135 5
44
73
3
35
Acc136 7
37
71
5
34
Acc137 7
35
66
6
36
Acc138 7
41
71
5
35
Acc139 7
41
69
5
35
Acc140 7
41
71
4
35
Acc141 7
40
71
4
35
Acc142 7
42
71
4
30
Acc143 5
32
68
7
35
Acc144 7
28
62
6
34
Acc145 7
37
66
4
34
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
17
Table 1 continued…
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
POD
ACC NO.
PLANTING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCE FLOWERING SETTING TO
TO SEED
TO 1ST
TO LAST
TO POD
SEED
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
SETTING
MATURITY
Acc146 7
36
60
5
34
Acc147 7
37
62
4
36
Acc148 7
37
63
4
35
Acc149 7
35
61
5
34
Acc150 7
35
64
5
30
Acc151 7
29
60
8
30
Acc152 7
36
62
5
30
Acc153 7
27
54
5
30
Acc154 7
37
72
4
35
TOTAL 990
6,104
10,319
790
7,273
Variance 0.82
31.7
29.64
1.3
7.32
Standard Variation
0.91
5.63
5.44
1.14
34.240
MEAN 6.429
39.636
67.006
5.130
24.240
Leaflet Characters
Leaflet
length. Among the 154 garden pea accessions, Acc 68 exhibited the
longest leaflet of 7.6 cm while Accs 2 and 153 exhibited the shortest leaflet of 4.1 cm.
Most of the accessions exhibited 6.7 cm leaflet length (Table 2).
Leaflet
width. Table 2 presents that Acc 34 had the widest leaflet of 7.5 cm while
Acc 153 had the narrowest leaflet (3.1 cm).
Tendril Length
As shown in Table 2, Acc 54 had the longest tendril of (8.9 cm) while Acc 153
had the shortest tendril (3.8 cm). Most of the accessions had tendril lengths ranging from
5.7 to 6.5 cm. Longer tendril is an advantage in garden pea to support the plant twining
on the trellis (Paganas, 2005).
Number of Flower/s Per Cluster
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
18
Table 2 shows that 80 % of the accessions had one flower per cluster and the rest
had two flowers per cluster.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
19
Table 2. Leaflet characters, tendril length and number of flowers per cluster of 154
garden pea accessions
LEAFLET
LEAFLET
TENDRIL
NO. OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH (cm)
WIDTH (cm)
LENGTH (cm)
FLOWER/CLUSTER
Acc1 4.3
3.4
5.3
1
Acc2 4.1
3.5
5.7
1
Acc3 6.0
4.8
7.1
2
Acc4 5.1
5.1
7.7
1
Acc5 4.8
4.4
8.1
2
Acc6 5.5
5.7
5.6
2
Acc7 5.9
3.9
5.1
2
Acc8 6.3
5.9
6.5
2
Acc9 5.6
5.4
5.6
2
Acc10 5.6
4.6
6.9
2
Acc11 6.8
5.5
6.5
2
Acc12 7.3
5.5
7.0
2
Acc13 5.0
4.4
7.8
1
Acc14 5.2
5.4
5.0
2
Acc15 5.1
3.7
6.0
1
Acc16 4.9
4.3
6.5
1
Acc17 5.2
4.1
6.6
1
Acc18 5.7
4.3
6.7
1
Acc19 5.5
4.6
6.6
1
Acc20 5.0
4.3
6.5
1
Acc21 4.5
3.5
5.0
1
Acc22 4.3
3.2
6.0
1
Acc23 5.2
4.3
4.5
1
Acc24 5.6
4.7
6.7
2
Acc25 5.8
4.7
6.7
1
Acc26 6.4
5.7
7.9
2
Acc27 6.9
5.6
6.6
2
Acc28 4.8
3.8
4.7
2
Acc29 5.8
4.9
5.3
1
Acc30 4.8
3.7
5.6
1
Acc31 5.5
5.2
7.6
1
Acc32 5.6
5.2
7.5
2
Acc33 5.8
5.1
6.7
1
Acc34 7.4
7.4
7.4
1
Acc35 5.7
5.8
6.2
2
Acc36 6.5
5.7
8.0
2
Acc37 5.3
4.5
5.5
1
Acc38 5.8
5.4
7.0
1
Acc39 6.3
5.4
7.2
1
Acc40 5.7
5.2
5.4
1
Acc41 6.5
5.8
8.1
1
Acc42 5.8
5.1
5.9
1
Acc43 5.4
5.1
4.6
1
Acc44 4.9
4.5
5.5
1
Acc45 6.2
5.5
5.2
2
Acc46 4.9
5.0
6.2
1
Acc47 6.1
5.1
6.8
1
Acc48 5.1
4.7
6.8
1
Acc49 6.2
5.2
7.1
2
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
20
Table 2 continued…
LEAFLET
LEAFLET
TENDRIL
NO. OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH (cm)
WIDTH (cm)
LENGTH (cm)
FLOWER/CLUSTER
Acc50 6.3
5.7
6.6
1
Acc51 6.5
5.6
5.7
1
Acc52 7.0
5.8
8.4
2
Acc53 6.7
4.9
7.9
2
Acc54 7.1
6.0
8.9
2
Acc55 7.0
5.8
7.1
2
Acc56 6.7
5.5
6.8
2
Acc57 6.5
5.5
6.8
2
Acc58 7.2
6.3
8.1
2
Acc59 7.1
5.4
8.1
2
Acc60 6.2
5.8
5.7
2
Acc61 7.0
6.4
5.8
2
Acc62 6.0
6.1
5.0
2
Acc63 6.5
5.8
6.1
2
Acc64 5.7
4.9
6.9
1
Acc65 7.4
5.9
5.8
2
Acc66 7.3
6.0
6.8
2
Acc67 6.5
5.4
4.6
2
Acc68 7.6
6.4
9.7
2
Acc69 4.7
4.0
6.9
1
Acc70 6.4
5.6
8.0
1
Acc71 6.5
5.7
7.2
2
Acc72 6.6
6.1
7.4
2
Acc73 6.7
5.4
7.1
2
Acc74 5.4
5.6
4.4
1
Acc75 6.0
5.1
8.4
1
Acc76 5.9
5.6
7.7
1
Acc77 6.7
5.8
6.2
2
Acc78 7.6
6.3
7.5
2
Acc79 5.5
4.6
7.3
2
Acc80 7.3
6.0
7.8
1
Acc81 6.1
5.0
7.1
2
Acc82 5.9
4.9
6.5
1
Acc83 6.2
5.7
8.0
1
Acc84 7.5
6.9
8.8
1
Acc85 6.1
4.9
4.9
2
Acc86 5.6
5.2
7.1
1
Acc87 6.3
6.5
6.1
1
Acc88 5.4
4.8
7.0
1
Acc89 6.0
5.2
6.5
1
Acc90 5.9
5.5
8.2
1
Acc91 5.9
5.5
8.5
1
Acc92 7.0
5.4
6.4
1
Acc93 6.4
5.9
6.7
1
Acc94 6.4
4.6
6.2
1
Acc95 6.7
6.0
6.0
1
Acc96 6.1
6.0
8.4
1
Acc97 7.0
6.4
7.7
1
Acc98 7.0
5.3
8.6
1
Acc99 5.8
5.3
7.4
1
Acc100 5.3
5.5
6.1 2
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
21
Table 2 continued…
LEAFLET
LEAFLET
TENDRIL
NO. OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH (cm)
WIDTH (cm)
LENGTH (cm)
FLOWER/CLUSTER
Acc101 6.7
5.7
5.7 2
Acc102 6.8
4.9
6.0 2
Acc103 6.8
5.7
7.1 1
Acc104 5.8
5.2
4.7 1
Acc105 7.5
5.4
7.4 2
Acc106 6.9
5.3
6.6 1
Acc107 6.7
5.2
6.0 2
Acc108 4.6
4.6
4.0 1
Acc109 7.3
5.9
7.4 2
Acc110 6.1
5.1
6.0 1
Acc111 7.2
6.2
7.4 1
Acc112 6.7
5.3
6.5 2
Acc113 5.6
4.8
4.5 2
Acc114 5.6
4.0
5.5 2
Acc115 6.7
4.7
7.0 2
Acc116 7.2
5.4
5.1 2
Acc117 5.6
4.9
5.5 2
Acc118 6.0
5.1
6.2 2
Acc119 6.2
5.6
8.0 2
Acc120 6.0
4.9
6.0 1
TOTAL 931.10
798.80
1,010.50 220
Variance 0.63
0.53
1.23
0.25
Standard variation
0.80
0.73
1.11
0.50
MEAN 6.046
5.187
6.562
1.429
Stem Characters
Plant height at 35 days after planting. Table 3 shows that Acc 93 had the tallest
plant at 35 DAP (59 cm) while the height of the rest of the accessions ranged from 35 to
48 cm.
Stem diameter. Accs 43 and 122 had the broadest stem diameter of 0.8 cm while
the other accession had stem diameters ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 cm (Table 3).
Number of nodes per plant. Accs 111 had 32 nodes, recorded as the highest while
Accs 33 and 12 nodes, recorded having the least number of nodes per plant. The rest of
the accessions had nodes ranging from 23-29 nodes per plant (Table 3).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
22
Node number bearing first flower cluster. Table 3 also presents the node number
bearing first flower cluster of the garden pea accessions. It was noted that Accs 127, 130,
143, 144 and 151 bear first flower cluster at the 8th node from the base of the plant while
Accs 11, 12, 71, 72, 77, 106 and 114 bore first flower cluster at the 21st node from the
base of the plant.
Node number bearing last flower cluster. As shown in Table 3, Acc 33 bore its
last flower on its 12th node while Acc 111 bore its last flower cluster on its 32nd node
from the base of the plant.
Internode length. Among the accessions characterized, Acc 34 had the longest
internode (11.1 cm) while Acc 5 had the shortest internode of 4.7 cm (Table 3).
Number of branches. As noted in Table 3, Acc 120 had the highest number of
branches (18) while Acc 144 had the lowest number of branches (2).
Final plant height. Acc 137 was the tallest among the accessions studied with a
final plant height of 193 cm while Acc 14 was the shortest with 100 cm plant height
(Table 3).
Pod and Seed Characters
Pod length. As shown in Table 4, Acc 142 had the longest pod length of 8.8 cm
while Acc 26 had the shortest pod (5.1 cm). The rest of the accessions had pod length
ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 cm.
Pod width. Acc 49 had the widest pod measuring 1.9 cm while Acc 26 had the
narrowest pod measuring 1.1 cm. Pod width of the other accessions ranged from 1.3 to
1.5 cm (Table 4).
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
23
Number of pod cluster per plant. Table 4 shows that Acc 141 produced the
highest number of pod cluster per plant (92) while Acc 73 had the least number of pod
cluster per plant (20).
Number of pods per cluster. Among the garden pea accession characterized, 56
% had one pod per cluster while 44 % had two pods per cluster (Table 4)
Number of seeds per pod. Table 4 presents that all the accessions had 2 to 8 seeds
per pod. Thirty percent of the garden pea accessions had five seeds per pod.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
24
Table 3. Stem characters of 154 garden pea accessions
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
INTER-
FINAL
ACC
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING
NUMBER
BEARING 1ST
NODE
PLANT
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
LAST
OF
NO.
FLOWER
LENGTH
HEIGHT
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
FLOWER
BRANCHES
CLUSTER
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
Acc1 46 0.5 29 17
28 10.2 12 165
Acc2 57 0.5 28 16
28 6.8 7 135
Acc3 25 0.3 25 10
25 6.7 4 150
Acc4 44 0.7 22 14
22 8.6 8 151
Acc5 35 0.3 28 9
28 4.7 4 132
Acc6 51 0.6 22 16
21 8.3 11 126
Acc7 22 0.2 24 12
24 10.8 4 174
Acc8 51 0.7 23 14
23 7.8 8 119
Acc9 40 0.7 24 15
23 8.1 7 119
Acc10 52 0.4 28 16
27 9.3 11 168
Acc11 50 0.4 28 21
28 9.4 11 175
Acc12 52 0.4 29 21
28 7.8 10 175
Acc13 58 0.3 30 15
30 8.0 13 153
Acc14 47 0.6 25 16
25 9.7 6 100
Acc15 53 0.3 26 13
25 8.3 9 143
Acc16 50 0.3 29 15
28 9.0 7 141
Acc17 44 0.6 23 14
23 9.3 10 153
Acc18 45 0.3 24 13
23 8.3 10 142
Acc19 40 0.3 26 12
26 8.2 12 139
Acc20 35 0.3 25 13
25 8.8 7 136
Acc21 35 0.3 25 15
25 8.2 9 132
Acc22 24 0.2 23 12
22 8.7 4 121
Acc23 46 0.5 25 16
25 7.9 9 118
Acc24 52 0.6 26 15
26 8.2 8 136
Acc25 42 0.5 27 14
26 9.6 11 166
Acc26 37 0.5 31 13
31 7.2 19 135
Acc27 52 0.4 25 15
25 10.4 11 175
Acc28 52 0.4 29 13
29 9.0 11 151
Acc29 46 0.7 21 12
21 9.3 7 114
Acc30 46 0.6 21 11
20 9.9 8 145
Acc31 50 0.5 21 14
20 9.3 6 128
Acc32 32 0.4 25 14
25 9.3 9 115
Acc33 33 0.5 12 13
12 10.7 9 147
Acc34 49 0.4 20 15
20 11.1 10 132
Acc35 49 0.4 17
9
17 9.9 2 132
Acc36 48 0.4 23 16
23 9.6 10 160
Acc37 38 0.6 25 10
24 10.3 8 155
Acc38 34 0.3 25 10
24 8.8 4 138
Acc39 52 0.6 22 12
22 10.6 7 150
Acc40 46 0.6 19 13
19 10.6 8 137
Acc41 43 0.5 24 11
24 10.4 6 143
Acc42 44 0.5 20 12
30 9.9 10 133
Acc43 43 0.8 23 13
23 11.0 9 142
Acc44 34 0.4 26 14
26 10.6 10 147
Acc45 36 0.6 26 16
26 9.0 17 156
Acc46 39 0.4 26 12
26 8.5 7 141
Acc47 39 0.3 26 15
26 9.7 9 151
Acc48 26 0.4 27 14
28 9.4 5 143
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
25
Table 3 continued…
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
FINAL
INTER-
ACC
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING 1ST
BEARING
NUMBER
PLANT
NODE
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
FLOWER
LAST
OF
HEIGHT
NO.
LENGTH
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
CLUSTER
FLOWER
BRANCHES
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
Acc49 48 0.6 31 16
31 8.7 19 142
Acc50 40 0.4 30 16
30 9.3 9 151
Acc51 35 0.4 29 16
29 8.7 11 156
Acc52 38 0.4 28 20
28 9.7 10 172
Acc53 48 0.4 27 20
27 9.9 13 166
Acc54 38 0.4 26 20
26 10.4 13 167
Acc55 43 0.4 30 17
30 10.6 10 166
Acc56 32 0.4 26 18
26 8.9 12 146
Acc57 48 0.4 25 20
25 8.0 15 166
Acc58 42 0.4 23 16
21 10.5 10 158
Acc59 38 0.4 31 17
31 10.5 9 162
Acc60 48 0.7 26 17
26 9.1 14 140
Acc61 50 0.6 20 18
23 9.8 12 146
Acc62 48 0.6 20 17
20 8.8 6 150
Acc63 40 0.5 25 13
24 9.5 12 145
Acc64 43 0.6 25 14
24 10.6 10 133
Acc65 48 0.6 22 17
22 9.7 13 143
Acc66 47 0.6 24 18
24 8.1 12 147
Acc67 44 0.5 26 17
26 10.5 10 145
Acc68 40 0.6 27 18
27 9.6 11 153
Acc69 35 0.5 25 15
24 9.5 7 143
Acc70 42 0.5 24 13
24 9.6 8 130
Acc71 47 0.4 29 21
29 9.3 6 180
Acc72 54 0.5 29 21
29 10.1 9 162
Acc73 47 0.3 27 15
27 10.2 7 159
Acc74 47 0.6 23 13
23 10.2 8 141
Acc75 37 0.5 27 13
27 9.8 10 157
Acc76 40 0.5 29 12
19 9.0 6 140
Acc77 48 0.3 27 21
27 10.0 7 159
Acc78 31 0.6 27 14
27 10.1 13 177
Acc79 31 0.5 26 12
26 10.2 13 150
Acc80 50 0.5 26 13
26 9.6 6 160
Acc81 43 0.6 22 13
22 9.9 10 132
Acc82 40 0.5 23 13
23 10.7 14 131
Acc83 22 0.4 28 13
28 10.7 6 158
Acc84 44 0.3 28 13
28 10.7 13 153
Acc85 48 0.6 26 15
26 9.3 13 153
Acc86 35 0.4 22 13
22 9.2 10 143
Acc87 44 0.6 26 13
26 10.2 7 155
Acc88 42 0.6 23 13
23 9.9 13 130
Acc89 20 0.4 26 13
26 10.5 5 143
Acc90 38 0.6 26 14
26 10.1 14 143
Acc91 35 0.6 21 11
21 9.7 10 145
Acc92 47 0.7 31 19
31 10.3 15 175
Acc93 59 0.6 25 15
25 9.4 13 131
Acc94 25 0.4 23 11
24 10.0 6 130
Acc95 29 0.4 22 13
22 10.1 12 132
Acc96 25 0.4 25 12
25 10.7 7 155
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
26
Table 3 continued…
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
INTER-
FINAL
ACC
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING 1ST
BEARING
NUMBER
NODE
PLANT
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
FLOWER
LAST
OF
NO.
LENGTH
HEIGHT
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
CLUSTER
FLOWER
BRANCHES
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
Acc97 26 0.4 27 14
27 10.2 9 152
Acc98 35 0.5 22 12
22 8.8 8 127
Acc99 42 0.6 21 12
21 9.7 9 116
Acc100 46 0.6 27
16
27
10.5 10 150
Acc101 35 0.4 27
16
27
7.9
6 156
Acc102 31 0.6 27
20
27
8.6
8 153
Acc103 30 0.4 25
16
25
9.4 11 115
Acc104 52 0.7 24
17
24
9.8 15 130
Acc105 20 0.4 26
10
26
8.9
6 135
Acc106 44 0.6 29
21
29
9.1 11 150
Acc107 41 0.4 28
20
28
10.4 8 150
Acc108 32 0.5 25
17
25
9.2 10 143
Acc109 54 0.5 27
18
27
9.1
6 158
Acc110 25 0.2 25
12
25
10.3 3 175
Acc111 58 0.4 32
18
32
8.8 10 181
Acc112 41 0.6 21
17
21
8.9 15 150
Acc113 41 0.6 22
16
23
8.9 10 160
Acc114 42 0.7 26
21
26
10.2 14 133
Acc115 43 0.4 26
20
26
9.6 12 143
Acc116 43 0.5 29
14
29
8.6 14 143
Acc117 37 0.6 29
19
27
10.4 17 176
Acc118 47 0.6 25
20
25
9.9
8 154
Acc119 45 0.5 28
13
28
10.4 13 154
Acc120 46 0.5 31
14
31
8.1 18 147
Acc121 48 0.6 19
19
19
9.8 15 145
Acc122 44 0.8 22
18
22
10.1 10 147
Acc123 42 0.4 27
17
27
8.4
7 153
Acc124 45 0.5 29
23
28
9.9 10 157
Acc125 43 0.5 24
13
24
10.4 8 150
Acc126 41 0.6 22
13
22
9.2
9 125
Acc127 41 0.5 17
8
17
10.4 4 126
Acc128 45 0.7 16
9
16
9.9
3 124
Acc129 46 0.6 19
9
19
10.5 4 131
Acc130 44 0.6 19
8
19
10.0 3 114
Acc131 36 0.6 29
14
29
7.6
6 140
Acc132 32 0.5 19
10
19
10.4 7 131
Acc133 24 0.4 27
13
27
10.5 4 146
Acc134 30 0.4 26
12
26
9.5
8 145
Acc135 38 0.5 31
17
31
10.0 7 165
Acc136 37 0.6 31
15
31
10.3 8 172
Acc137 38 0.5 26
14
26
9.8 13 193
Acc138 26 0.5 29
17
29
9.7 11 183
Acc139 26 0.5 23
14
22
10.3 11 160
Acc140 32 0.5 30
15
30
10.4 8 167
Acc141 33 0.5 24
12
24
10.4 10 165
Acc142 23 0.4 26
14
26
10.3 5 154
Acc143 37 0.6 18
8
17
9.9
5 146
Acc144 51 0.6 18
8
18
9.7
2 136
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
27
Table 3 continued…
NODE NO.
NODE NO.
INTER-
FINAL
PLANT
STEM
NO. OF
BEARING
BEARING
NUMBER
ACC NO.
NODE
PLANT
HEIGHT
DIAMETER
NODES/
1ST
LAST
OF
LENGTH
HEIGHT
(35 DAP)
(CM)
PLANT
FLOWER
FLOWER
BRANCHES
(CM)
(CM)
CLUSTER
CLUSTER
Acc145 33
0.5 22
12 22
9.4
8
140
Acc146 55
0.4 23
14 23
10.0
6
131
Acc147 41
0.5 24 9
24 10.0 6 127
Acc148 47
0.4 21
12 21
9.2
9
130
Acc149 37
0.5 18
14 18
10.4
7
170
Acc150 45
0.6 21
14 21
9.6
7
145
Acc151 46
0.6 18 8
18 10.1 2 140
Acc152 45
0.7 24
14 24
9.5
6
147
Acc153 51
0.6 25
15 25
8.0
3
138
Acc154 32
0.5 25
13 24
8.9
5
152
TOTAL
6,317 76.1 3,836 2,241
3,817 1,463.3 1,401 22,606
Variation 73.69 0.01 12.66 10.2
12.76 0.93 12.08 264.31
Standard
8.58 0.12 3.56 3.19
3.57 0.97 3.47 16.26
Variation
MEAN 41.019 0.494 24.909 14.552
24.786 9.502 9.097 146.792
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
28
Table 4. Pod and seed characters of 154 garden pea accessions
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH
WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc1 7.9
1.4
51 1 6
Acc2 6.6
1.3
52 1 4
Acc3 6.4
1.3
50 2 4
Acc4 5.7
1.6
88 1 3
Acc5 5.4
1.3
32 1 5
Acc6 7.6
1.5
48 2 5
Acc7 5.5
1.3
38 1 4
Acc8 7.3
1.6
42 2 5
Acc9 7.4
1.6
35 2 4
Acc10 6.5
1.5
61 2 4
Acc11 6.5
1.4
46 2 3
Acc12 6.6
1.3
62 2 4
Acc13 6.9
1.4
60 1 4
Acc14 7.4
1.5
23 2 3
Acc15 7.3
1.4
56 1 7
Acc16 7.1
1.4
70 1 7
Acc17 8.0
1.7
64 1 4
Acc18 6.3
1.3
52 1 5
Acc19 6.7
1.3
82 1 5
Acc20 6.8
1.3
35 1 6
Acc21 6.7
1.3
54 1 7
Acc22 6.0
1.3
28 1 5
Acc23 7.1
1.3
67 1 7
Acc24 7.2
1.5
44 2 5
Acc25 7.7
1.6
58 1 4
Acc26 5.1
1.1
30 2 5
Acc27 5.9
1.3
56 2 6
Acc28 6.6
1.4
59 2 3
Acc29 7.5
1.4
22 1 3
Acc30 7.7
1.5
53 1 4
Acc31 7.5
1.4
45 1 3
Acc32 6.1
1.3
42 2 6
Acc33 8.2
1.4
52 1 4
Acc34 8.0
1.5
37 1 7
Acc35 7.9
1.5
27 2 5
Acc36 5.9
1.2
37 2 5
Acc37 6.8
1.4
63 1 5
Acc38 6.5
1.1
31 1 5
Acc39 7.7
1.4
63 1 8
Acc40 8.0
1.5
47 1 8
Acc41 7.9
1.4
42 1 7
Acc42 6.8
1.4
39 1 6
Acc43 7.6
1.4
45 1 6
Acc44 6.6
1.2
37 1 7
Acc45 7.1
1.5
52 2 5
Acc46 6.7
1.5
53 1 8
Acc47 6.9
1.4
47 1 6
Acc48 6.0
1.3
45 1 5
Acc49 8.3
1.9
49 2 7
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
29
Table 4 continued …
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH
WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc50 6.6
1.4
39 1 6
Acc51 6.8
1.2
59 1 5
Acc52 6.5
1.4
62 2 4
Acc53 5.6
1.4
45 2 4
Acc54 5.2
1.4
44 2 4
Acc55 6.0
1.6
39 2 3
Acc56 6.5
1.6
37 2 3
Acc57 6.8
1.5
41 2 2
Acc58 6.2
1.5
36 2 4
Acc59 6.9
1.5
46 2 5
Acc60 6.6
1.5
40 2 6
Acc61 6.9
1.5
36 2 5
Acc62 7.2
1.5
28 2 5
Acc63 7.1
1.6
42 2 5
Acc64 6.9
1.5
48 1 5
Acc65 7.3
1.5
40 2 4
Acc66 6.8
1.4
42 2 5
Acc67 6.8
1.4
45 2 5
Acc68 6.6
1.4
59 2 5
Acc69 6.8
1.4
39 1 6
Acc70 6.9
1.4
48 1 5
Acc71 6.5
1.4
39 2 3
Acc72 7.1
1.5
28 2 4
Acc73 7.3
1.6
20 2 5
Acc74 7.4
1.6
40 1 4
Acc75 7.0
1.6
71 1 4
Acc76 7.0
1.4
45 1 6
Acc77 6.9
1.5
30 1 4
Acc78 6.2
1.5
32 2 3
Acc79 7.5
1.5
41 2 5
Acc80 6.8
1.6
34 1 4
Acc81 7.2
1.4
45 2 6
Acc82 6.4
1.5
61 1 6
Acc83 6.0
1.3
39 1 4
Acc84 7.3
1.5
45 1 5
Acc85 6.5
1.5
55 2 5
Acc86 7.2
1.5
41 1 5
Acc87 7.0
1.5
70 1 5
Acc88 7.1
1.4
54 1 4
Acc89 6.5
1.4
37 1 6
Acc90 7.1
1.5
76 1 5
Acc91 7.4
1.5
71 1 5
Acc92 6.5
1.7
60 1 4
Acc93 7.2
1.5
75 1 5
Acc94 5.8
1.3
31 1 4
Acc95 7.1
1.5
56 1 7
Acc96 7.1
1.6
67 1 7
Acc97 6.0
1.5
63 1 3
Acc98 6.5
1.3
38 1 7
Acc99 6.8
1.5
45 1 3
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
30
Table 4 continued …
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH
WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc100 6.4
1.6 36
2 4
Acc101 7.0
1.5 22
2 4
Acc102 6.7
1.5 28
2 5
Acc103 6.4
1.5 39
1 5
Acc104 7.2
1.6 40
1 6
Acc105 6.4
1.4 21
2 5
Acc106 6.8
1.5 42
1 3
Acc107 6.8
1.5 27
2 5
Acc108 7.2
1.5 36
1 7
Acc109 7.7
1.8 32
2 4
Acc110 7.3
1.7 25
1 5
Acc111 6.5
1.5 37
1 3
Acc112 7.0
1.5 41
2 3
Acc113 7.1
1.6 51
2 5
Acc114 7.3
1.6 46
2 5
Acc115 6.7
1.5 27
2 6
Acc116 7.0
1.4 34
2 6
Acc117 5.8
1.5 75
2 7
Acc118 6.3
1.5 43
2 4
Acc119 6.6
1.6 66
2 6
Acc120 6.7
1.6 54
1 3
Acc121 6.8
1.5 38
2 3
Acc122 6.9
1.6 35
2 6
Acc123 6.9
1.5 41
2 5
Acc124 6.8
1.4 35
2 5
Acc125 7.7
1.6 54
1 8
Acc126 7.4
1.5 36
1 4
Acc127 7.7
1.4 37
2 5
Acc128 7.5
1.4 23
1 5
Acc129 7.2
1.4 34
1 5
Acc130 7.3
1.4 24
1 6
Acc131 6.4
1.4 41
2 6
Acc132 6.6
1.5 69
2 5
Acc133 7.0
1.6 46
1 4
Acc134 6.7
1.5 36
1 3
Acc135 7.9
1.6 69
1 4
Acc136 7.8
1.6 53
1 5
Acc137 7.8
1.7 63
1 4
Acc138 7.2
1.7 85
1 3
Acc139 7.4
1.5 71
1 3
Acc140 7.8
1.6 56
1 4
Acc141 7.9
1.5 92
1 5
Acc142 8.8
1.6 45
1 4
Acc143 7.8
1.5 33
1 3
Acc144 7.1
1.2 35
2 5
Acc145 7.6
1.5 38
1 7
Acc146 7.5
1.5 46
1 4
Acc147 7.3
1.4 41
1 3
Acc148 7.0
1.5 51
1 5
Acc149 7.5
1.4 48
1 7
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
31
Table 4 continued …
POD
POD
NUMBER. OF POD
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF
ACC NO.
LENGTH WIDTH
CLUSTER/PLANT PODS/CLUSTER SEEDS/POD
(CM)
(CM)
Acc150 7.1
1.5
37 1
5
Acc151 7.0
1.4
22 1
5
Acc152 6.9
1.6
31 2
4
Acc153 6.5
1.4
32 2
3
Acc154 6.8
1.6
49 1
5
TOTAL 1,067.8
225.9
7,063
218 747
Variance 0.39
0.02
210.07 0.24
1.64
Standard Variation
0.62
0.12
14.49
0.49
1.28
MEAN 6.934
1.467
45.864
1.416
4.851
Qualitative Characters
Leaf
color. All the garden pea accessions characterized had green leaf as shown
in Table 5.
Flower
color. Table 5 presents the color of flowers observed in the garden pea
accession characterized 90 % had purple flower color, 9 % had white flower color and
only one accessions had pink flowers.
Pod
color. As presented in Table 5, 76 % of the garden pea accessions had dark
green pods while 24 % had green pods.
Pod
shape. The pod shape of the garden pea accession varied from straight to
curved. Sixty six percent of the accessions had curved pods while 24 % had straight pods
(Table 5).
Stringiness
of
pod. All garden pea accessions were observed to be stringless as
presented in Table 5.
Waxiness of pod. The presence of wax in the pods was observed in all the garden
pea accessions as noted in Table 5.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
32
Seed
color. Table 5 shows that the seed color of the garden pea accession ranged
from light green, to green, to dark green, to dotted green and to cream. It was observed
that the accessions with white flower color produced cream seeds while the accessions
with purple flowers produced either dotted green, light green and dark green seeds.
Seed
shape. Eighty three percent (83 %) of the garden pea accessions had
wrinkled seeds while 17 % had round seeds as shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Qualitative characters of 154 garden pea accessions
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc1 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Cream Round
Acc2 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc3 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Cream Round
Acc4 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc5 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc6 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc7 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
green
Acc8 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc9 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc10 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc11 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
green
Acc12 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
green
Acc13 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc14
Green Purple Green
Straight Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc15 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc16 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc17 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
33
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc18 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc19 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc20 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc21 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc22 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc23 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present Cream Round
Acc24 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc25 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc26 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Cream
Round
Acc27 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
Acc28 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc29 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
Acc30 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc31 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc32 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc33 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc34 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Dotted
Wrinkled
green
Acc35 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Dotted Round
green
green
Acc36 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Dotted
Round
green
Acc37 Green
Purple
Green
Straigh
Stringless Present
Dotted
Wrinkled
t
green
Acc38 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc39 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Dotted
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc40 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present
Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc41 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc42 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
34
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc43 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc44 Green
White
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Cream Round
green
Acc45 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc46 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc47 Green
Purple
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Green
Wrinkled
Acc48 Green
White
Dark
Straight Stringless Present Cream Round
green
Acc49 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc50 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc51 Green
Purple
Green
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc52 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc53 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
Acc54 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
Acc55 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
Acc56 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light Round
green
Acc57 Green
Purple
Green
Curve
Stringless Present
Light
Wrinkled
green
Acc58 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
Acc59 Green
Purple
Green
Curve Stringless Present Light
Wrinkled
green
Acc60 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc61 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc62 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc63 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc64 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc65 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc66 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
35
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc67 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc68 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc69 Green
White
Green
Straight
Stringless Present
Cream
Wrinkled
Acc70 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc71 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc72 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc73 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc74 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc75 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc76 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc77 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc78 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc79 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc80 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc81 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc82 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc83 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc84 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc85 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc86 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc87 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc88 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc89 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc90 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc91 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
36
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc92 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc93 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc94 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc95 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc96 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc97 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc98 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc99 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc100 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc101 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc102 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc103 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc104 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc105 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc106 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc107 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc108 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc109 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc110 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc111 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc112 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc113 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc114 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc115 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc116 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
37
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc117 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc118 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc119 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc120 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc121 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc122 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc123 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc124 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc125 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc126 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc127 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc128 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc129 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc130 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc131 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc132 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc133 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc134 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc135 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc136 Green Pink Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
white
green
green
Acc137 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc138 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc139 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc140 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc141 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
38
Table 5 continued …
LEAF
FLOWER
POD
POD
STRINGINESS WAXINESS
SEED
SEED
ACC NO.
COLOR
COLOR
COLOR SHAPE
OF POD
OF POD
COLOR
SHAPE
Acc142 Green
Purple
Dark
Curve Stringless Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc143 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc144 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc145 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc146 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc147 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc148 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Green
Wrinkled
green
Acc149 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc150 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc151 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc152 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc153 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Acc154 Green
Purple
Dark
Straight Stringless
Present Dark
Wrinkled
green
green
Out of the 154 accessions characterized 20 were identified promising materials
for commercialization because of their prolificacy and pod quality such as Accs 3, 5, 6, 7,
8, 13,23, 25, 43, 109, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153 and 54.
B. Diversity Indices (H`)
The computed diversity indices for the quantitative characters ranged from 0.63
(number of days from flowering to pod setting) to 0.99 (number of flower per cluster)
with mean diversity of 0.87 (Table 6). Number of days from emergence to first
flowering, leaf width, number of nodes per plant, node number bearing last flower
cluster, internode length and pod length had a diversity index of 0.87. Only five
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
39
characters had H` below 0.87 which range from 70 to 85, such as number of days from
emergence to last flowering (0.84), number of days from pod setting to maturity (0.85),
number of leaflet per plant (0.70), stem diameter (0.85) and pod width (0.82). It was also
observed that most of the characters measured had high H’ indicating high variability
present within the collection.
Table 7 presents the diversity indices for qualitative characters gathered from the
154 accessions of garden pea. Diversity indices ranged from 0.34 to 0.99. The diversity
value showed low variation for the flower color having 0.34 H’. Medium variation for
seed shape (0.66) while high variation was noted for pod color (0.81), pod shape (0.99)
and seed color (0.86).
Pooling diversity values for both the quantitative and qualitative characters gave
an overall mean diversity index of 0.80 in the collection. This implies that variability
among the existing accession is sufficient already to select parents to be involved in
hybridization program to develop desirable variety of garden pea.
C. Cluster Analysis
The cluster analysis conducted on the 28 characters of the 154 garden pea
accessions (23 quantitative characters and five qualitative characters) formed 14 distinct
clusters, at a dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73 (Figure 1). There were eight single
character cluster. There were six two to six characters cluster such as cluster 1 to 4, 8,
11, 13 and 14. The presence of eight single characters cluster indicated distinctiveness of
the characters. For two to six character clusters could due to the similarities of character
within the accessions.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
40
Cluster analysis for 154 accessions of garden pea resulted in the formation of a
tree with 41 clusters at a dissimilarity coefficient of 0.50. There were 14 single accession
clusters, 10 two-accession clusters, 14 3 to 6 accession clusters and three 11 to 15
accession clusters (Figure 2). Clusters with one accession, signifies distinctness of the
accession from the other single accession clusters and other clusters with 2 or more
accessions. The existence of clusters with few or more accessions indicated the presence
of high variation among clusters of the accessions studied and high similarities of
accessions within a cluster.
Table 6. Computed diversity indices (H`) for the quantitative characters
CHARACTER H’
Number of days from planting to seed emergence
0.90
Number of days from emergence to first flowering
0.87
Number of days from emergence to last flowering
0.84
Number of days from pod setting to maturity
0.85
Number of leaflet per plant
0.70
Leaf length
0.95
Leaf width
0.87
Tendril length
0.91
Plant height at 35DAP
0.95
Stem diameter
0.85
Number of nodes per plant
0.87
Number of node bearing first flower cluster
0.88
Number of node bearing last flower cluster
0.87
Internode length
0.87
Number of branches
0.91
Final plant height
0.91
Number of flower per cluster
0.99
Pod length
0.87
Pod width
0.82
Number of pod cluster per plant
0.93
Number of pods per cluster
0.98
Number of seeds per pod
0.89
Mean diversity index
0.87
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
41
Table 7. Computed diversity indices (H`) for the qualitative characters
CHARACTERS H’
Flower color
0.34
Pod color
0.81
Pod shape
0.99
Seed color
0.86
Seed shape
0.66
Mean diversity index
0.73
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
42
Figure 1. Phenogram produced from cluster analysis of the 28 characters of garden pea
using NTSys v.2.1
LEGEND:
NDFPSE -
Number of days from sowing to emergence
LL-
Leaf length
SC-
Seed color
LW-
Leaf width
NDFFP-
Number of days from flowering to pod setting
TL-
Tendril length
NDFPM-
Number of days from flowering to pod maturity
NOB-
Number of branches
NOS/P-
Number of seeds/ pod
NOPC/P-
Number of pod cluster/plant
PS-
Pod shape
NOL/P-
Number of leaflet/plant
NDFEFF-
Number of days from emergence to first flowering
SD-
Stem diameter
NON/P-
Number of nodes/plant
FC-
Flower color
NNBLFC-
Number of nodes bearing last flower cluster
SS-
Seed shape
NNBFFC-
Number of nodes bearing 1st flower cluster
PC-
Pod color
FPH-
Final plant height
PL-
Pod length
NOF/C-
Number of flower/cluster
PW-
Pod width
NOP/C-
Number of pod/cluster IL-
Internode
length
NDFELF-
Number of days from emergence to last flowering
PH-
Plant height at 35 DAP
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
43
Figure 2. Phenogram produced from cluster analysis of the 154 garden pea accessions
using 28 characters NTSys v.2.1
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
44
Figure 2. Continued…
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
45
Figure 2. Continued…
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
46
Figure 2. Continued…
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
47
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The 154 accessions of garden pea were characterized to estimate variation among
them through diversity and cluster analysis.
The 154 accessions of garden pea observed in this study emerged in 5 to 7 days
after planting, bore flowers from 54 to 86 days after emergence, took three to nine days
from flowering to pod setting and 27 to 47 days from pod setting to seed maturity.
The leaflet length varied from 4.1 to 7.6 cm and width ranged from 3.1 to 7.5 cm.
Tendril length measured from 3.8 to 8.9 cm. Eighty percent (80 %) of the accessions had
only one flower per cluster and the 20 % had two flowers per cluster. Plant height at 35
DAP ranged from 35 to 59 cm while stem diameter ranged from 0.40 to 0.60 cm only.
The number of nodes per plant recorded ranged from 12 to 32 and the first flower was
located on the 8th to 21st node from the base of the plant. The last flower developed on
the 12th to 32nd node. Internode length measured from 4.7 to 11.1 cm. There were 2 to
18 branches noted per plant. The final plant height varied from 100 to 193 cm.
The pod length of the 154 accessions ranged from 5.1 to 8.8 cm while pod width
measured from 1.3 to 15 cm. There were 20 to 92 pod clusters per plant noted among the
154 accessions studied. The number of pods per cluster was either 1 or 2 only. There
were 2 to 8 seeds per pod that developed per accession.
In terms of quantitative characters observed in this study, the 154 accessions of
garden pea had green leaves, 90 % had purple flowers and 9 % had white flower. Only 1
% had pink flowers. Pod color varied from green to dark with straight to curved shape.
All of the accessions had stringless and waxy pods. The seed color varied from light
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
48
green to dark green to dotted green to cream. Eighty-three percent (83 %) of the
accessions had wrinkled seed and 17 % had round seeds.
Out of the 154 accessions observed, 20 were identified promising materials for
commercialization because of the prolificacy and pod quality such as accs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,
13,23, 25, 43, 109, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153 and 54.
Results on diversity analysis, revealed high variations within the collection of
accessions at BSU-IPB HCRS. The computed diversity indices (H`) for the quantitative
characters ranged from 0.63 (number of days from flowering to pod setting) to 0.99
(number of flower per cluster) with a mean diversity index of 0.87. Among quantitative
characters, five characters had lower than 0.87 H` which ranged from 0.70 to 0.85 H`.
The diversity indices for qualitative characters gathered from 154 accessions ranged from
0.34 to 0.99 H`. The H` 0.34 indicated low variation for flower color. Medium variation
for seed shape (0.66) was observed while the rest of qualitative characters had high
variation with a mean of 0.73 H`. Pooling of diversity indices for all the characters
observed gave an overall mean diversity index of 0.80 an indication of high variation
within the collection.
Cluster analysis for the 28 characters formed 14 distinct clusters at the
dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73. There were 8 single character clusters and six 2 to 6
character clusters. This indicated that characters with single character clusters was
distinct from each other and from clusters 2 or more characters. Cluster analysis of 154
accessions of garden pea resulted in the formation of a tree with 41 clusters at a
dissimilarity coefficient of 0.50. There were 14 single accession clusters, 10 two
accession clusters and 17 13 to 15 accession clusters. Clusters with one accession,
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
49
signified distinctness from the other single accession clusters. In addition, existence of
clusters with three or more accessions indicated the presence of high variation among
clusters of the accessions studied and high similarities of accessions within a cluster.
Conclusion
The 154 accessions differed in the characters observed in this study. Twenty
accessions were selected and identified promising materials for commercialization
because of their prolificacy and pod quality namely accs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 23, 25, 43, 109,
129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153 and 54.
The computed diversity indices (H`) for the quantitative characters ranged from
0.63 to 0.99 with a mean diversity indices of 0.87. Five characters has lower than 0.87
H` which ranged from 0.70 to 0.85 H`. Diversity indices for qualitative characters ranged
from 0.34 to 0.99 H` with a mean 0.73 H`. The 0.34 H` indicated low variation and
medium variation for 0.66 H` was observed while the rest of quantitative characters had
high variation. Pooling of diversity indices for all the characters observed gave an
overall diversity of 0.80 and indication of high variation with in the collection.
The high diversity indices indicate the existence of high variation within the
collection based on the quantitative and qualitative characters measured. The high
variation present among the accessions studied indicates that potential parents with
desirable characters for breeding program could be selected and identified.
Cluster analysis revealed how diversity is partitioned with in the different group
produced among characters. The 28 characters formed 14 distinct clusters at the
dissimilarity coefficient of 14.73. This indicated that characters with single character
clusters were distinct from each other and from cluster with 2 or more characters. Cluster
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
50
analysis of 154 accessions of garden pea resulted in a formation of a tree with 41 clusters
at a dissimilarity coefficient of 0.50 cluster with one accession, signified distinctness
from the other single accession clusters. In addition, the existence of clusters with few or
more accessions indicated the presence of high variation among clusters of the accessions
studied and high similarities of accessions within a cluster.
Recommendation
Selection among the accessions studied based on characterization done is
recommended for better garden pea production because of their prolificacy and pod
quality
The high variation found in characters measured in this study among accessions in
the collection could be used to start a breeding program and for further evaluation and
selection to release new variety for commercial production of garden pea.
Although results of the study indicated high harvest indices (H`) for most
characters, it is still recommended that characters having lower H` namely flower color
and seed shaped should be the focus in the future collection trip in collecting garden pea
varieties or materials.
Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
51
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Characterization, Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions
of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L)/ Ronalinda G. Subelan. 2006
Document Outline
- Characterization, Diversity and
Cluster Analysis of Different Accessions of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L).
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED