BIBLIOGRAPHY GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011. Growth and Yield Response of Peanut
Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under Kapangan, Benguet Condition. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to: determine the growth and yield of peanut entries applied
with different organic fertilizers; determine the best organic fertilizer that will produce
significant yield on the peanut entries; and determine the interaction effect of peanut entry and
organic fertilizer on the different parameters.
Bisaw and Putaw significantly produced the highest number of seeds per pod. Bisaw
produced the highest marketable and total yield though no significant differences were observed
among the peanut entries. Plants applied with BSU- organic fertilizers produced the highest
marketable and total yield but not significantly different with the plants applied with the other
organic fertilizers and the control.
The best combination based on yield was Bisaw entry and application of BSU- organic
fertilizer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...
i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..
i
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………...
ii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….........
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………………
4
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Growth and
Yield of Crops……………………………………………………………...
4
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth and
Yield of Peanut……………..........................................................................
5
Yield and Quality of Peanut………………………………………………..
6
Varietal Evaluation…………………………………………………............
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………..
9
Data Gathered………………………………………………………............
10
Data Analysis……………………………………………………….............
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………
14
Meteorological Data………………………………………………………..
14
Plant Survival ……………………………………………………………...
14
Plant Vigor …………………………………………………………………
15
Plant Height at 30 DAP……………………………………………….........
15
Height at 110 DAP…………………………………………………………
18
Number of Seeds per Pod…………………………………………………..
18
Number of Marketable Pods per Plot………………………………………
21
Weight of Marketable Pods per Plot………………………………………..
21
Number of Non-marketable Pods per Plot ………………………………...
21
Weight of Non-marketable Pods per Plot……………………………..........
22
Total Plot Yield…………………………………………………….............
23
Computed Yield per Hectare (t/ha)………………………………...............
23
Reaction to Leaf Spot at 60 DAP……………………………………..........
24
Reaction to Leaf Miner Incidence………………………………….............
25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………..
26
Summary……………………………………………………………............
26
Conclusion………………………………………………………….............
26
Recommendation……………………………………………………...........
27
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………………..
28
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………...
30
1
INTRODUCTION
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) or groundnut locally known as “mani” is one of the
most important legumes in the Philippines. It is a year round crop of Filipinos as finger
food, prepared in many ways. It is the most common, available and largest selling snack
in the country, aside from a major source for food, it is used as shortening, confectionery,
and various industrial products. It is a marketed as fresh vegetable, canned, frozen,
roasted in the shell, toasted and salted. In the manufacture of butter margarines, and other
products, peanut is highly in demand (BAR, 1995).
In terms of nutritional content, peanut is an important source of protein, calories
and minerals. It has approximately 25 to 30% protein (dry weight) and 46 to 50% oil. It
has a rich source of thiamine and hyacinth provided it is not overheated during roasting.
It is limiting in amino acids, methiomine, cystine, and lysine (PCARRD, 2002).
It is said that in many instances, the mere use of an improve variety has resulted
in tremendous increase in yields. In areas where peanut is widely grown, the choice of
variety is usually not considered. Most are planting the native variety, thus, yield is low.
Knowing the right variety to plant is very important if a bigger produce of good quality
peanut is desired. Thus, variety evaluation is done to find out the varieties that are
adapted to the locality, high yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, and which command
a higher price (PCARRD, 2002).
Peanut quality is such an important factor that influences consumers’ and
processors’ acceptability. Traditionally, quality has been related to yield, pod
characteristics, appearance and safeness from hazardous farm chemicals, good eating
quality, processing quality and most of all its nutritional value (Villanueva, 2005).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
2
Nowadays, problems on soil fertility and occurrence of plant diseases lead to low
production as experienced by most farmers. Thus, application of pure inorganic fertilizer
is often practiced to attain maximum yield of legume crops. However, the continuous
application of inorganic fertilizer will destroy the soil structure and pollute the water
source. The application or addition of organic fertilizer may, therefore, be a good
alternative since it will not only reduce inputs of farmers but also improve soil tilth, soil
structure, aeration, and water holding capacity (Follet, 1981).
Researchers have found that organic fertilizers like azolla, mushroom compost,
BSU-Organic fertilizer and alnus compost are good source of soil nutrient. These
fertilizers generally provide essential elements for proper plant growth and some improve
the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of soil as claimed by some researchers.
Compost fertilizers are economical to use by the farmers than inorganic fertilizers
(Marquez, 1988).
In the locality, there is scarce information on the response of peanut varieties to
organic fertilizers, thus, this study.
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the growth and yield of peanut entries applied with different organic
fertilizers;
2. determine the best organic fertilizer that will produce significant yield on the
peanut entries; and
3. determine the interaction effect of peanut entry and organic fertilizer on the
different parameters.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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The study was conducted at Beleng-belis, Kapangan, Benguet from November
2010 to March 2011.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Growth
and Yield of Crops
Organic matter and their decomposition products can favorably affect the growth
and metabolism of plants and have been reported to control the proliferation of parasitic
nematodes and reduce the toxic effects of pesticides. his effects of organic matter to the
function of bio-regulators which are produced un the process of decomposition of organic
matter or soil humic matter (Cooke, 1984).
The BSU-organic fertilizer produced under the porject is a mixture of mushroom
compost, chicken dung and sunflower. It contains 32.23% organic matter indicative of
high nitrogen content which is one of the most essential nutrients needed by the crop.The
use of raw materials such as Trichoderma and some strains of bacteria to called “bio-
fertilizers.” Trichoderma is known to protect plant roots against disease caused by fungi
(Laurean, 2009). Furthermore, the benefits derived from bio-organic fertilizer are:
improved soil structure; enhance soil balance and nutrient availability; supply of
micronutrients essential for crop growth of microorganisms that helps control growth of
soil-borne diseases and nematodes; and makes plant healthier and gives higher crop yield.
According to Tan (1985) compost has identified organisms such as: Trichoderma
spp. and Pennicillium spp. Related studies indicate that these organism have anti fungal
and anti bacterial properties. Alnus compost was also used as soil conditioner in
replacement of the farmers’ practice of applying chgicken dung, to determine its effect
against clubroot on cabbage under grweenhouse conditons. Results of the study showed
that plants without clubroot applied with alnus compost at the rate of 6 tons per hectare
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
5
appear to be the tallest. Severe plant growth inhibition and wilting were observed on
plants grown in clubroot-infested soil without alnus and chicken manure. The application
of chicken dung at 4 tons per hectare and alnus compost at 6 tons per hectare slightly
suppressed the activity of clubroot.
Poincelot (1980) stated that decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms
release nutrients, including trace elements needed for crop production. While not enough
for complete maintenance, it does help to offset fertilizer needs. The organic matter
removed after degradation, stabilized form resistant to microbial attack known as humus.
Local studies showed that sweet potato responds to the application of organic
fertilizer as shown by increases in yield of storage roots and improvement of vine vigor.
The use of manure and compost is beneficial especially chicken dung applied at one to
two tons per hectare have been found to increase root yield (Ladera, 1993).
According to Balaoing and Lagman (2003), the use of vermicompost as fertilizer
provides necessary nutrients in growing pechay. Also vermicompost is also a good
potting media for onions. Furthermore, Andaya (1999) reported that the pure BSU
compost and BSU compost + garden soil (4:1) proved to be the best growing media for
cutflowers. The plants produce more number of flowers, have increased stem length,
have improved quality of marketable cut flowers and had the biggest bloom of flowers.
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth
and Yield of Peanut
Yoshida (1991) reported that the use of organic materials as fertilizers affected the
amount of roots throughout the plant growth and increased the percentage of nodal roots
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
6
that elongate to the deep soil layers. The effects of root growth were ascribed to the
restrained uptake to the nitrogen released from organic materials at early stage.
The use of organic fertilizers is an essential requirement for higher crop yield in
most soils, with nitrogen generally being the most important soil nutrient for legume crop
production. Though peanut fixes nitrogen through a symbiotic process, application of
nitrogen as starter dose at planting is recommended to increase yield in almost reasons
(Hoque, 1988).
Yield and Quality of Peanut
Hagan and Foshee (2000) stated that maximum yield and quality depend upon
developing and maintaining a strong, healthy plant. Cultural practices such as cultivation,
should be done to prevent damage to the cotyledonary branches, where most by the
peanuts originate.
The production of high quality peanut seed begins with the selection of both the
land and seed. High quality seed is seed that is capable by establishing full stands or
vigorous, uniform seedling that will grow into mature, productive plants. “Foundation” or
“Registered” seed must be planted to produce certified seed. To reduce disease and
volunteer plant problems, a good rotational program is essential under contact to
commercial companies that buy, store, shell, and teat the seed (ACIA, 1992).
PCARRD (1992) reported that yields of peanut plants near the hedge grows are
shorter and somewhat poor pod yields are also lower than the yields of plants in the
middle rows in each alley. Lower yield of plants near the hedgegrows could probably be
due to the shading effect and nutrient competition with the alley crop.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Varietal Evaluation
Varietal evaluation is necessary to observe the growth and development of the
crop. The importance of having a variety evaluation is to observe the characters such as
yield, earliness to vigor maturity and keeping quality because different varieties have
wide range of plant differences, size, and yield performance (Work and Carew, 1995).
Variety evaluation gatheres data and plant character, tield and pod quality. Hence, high
yielding and improved cultivars known to play a role in boasting production are obtained
(Regmi, 1990).
Varietal evaluation is done to find out those varieties of crops that are adapted to
the grower’s need, is very important. But after testing most attention should be paid to
test strains and stocks of varieties selected because great differences exist between strains
in peanut crops and is only by trial that superior varieties are found (Thompson and
Kelly, 1987).
When evaluating and choosing variety, several conditions must be considered.
Good yield and good grade over a wide range of conditions are usually the most
important. It determines the gross return for the crop. Consistency of yield is important
across locations but environmental, disease, rainfall and irrigation factors can effect how
a variety responds (Aban, 1992).
Quilloy (1995) stated that planting the right varieties that are suited to the specific
locations will result to increasing yield by 20%. Siloy (1991) reported that variety must
be adapted to the area in which it is grown. There is a great variation in the yielding of
the different varieties when grown in the same method of culture.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Sunil (1990) said that variety evaluation was a process in crop breeding program
which provides comparison of promising lines developed by a breeder sees the yield,
quality, adaptability, stress tolerance, and insect pest and diseases resistance.
Kisofen (2001) in her study on varietal evaluation of peanut found thatAccessions
88392 and E.G. Red significantly produced the heaviest weight of 100 pods while UPL-
Pn-10 recorded the lightest. All varieties were rated mildly resistant to leaf spot disease.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 300 m2 was thoroughly prepared. The area was divided into three
blocks representing the three replications with 20 plots with a dimension of 1 m x 5 m
each. The experiment was laid-out using 4 x 5 factor factorial in Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD). The five peanut entries served as a Factor A and the application
of the three organic fertilizers served as Factor B.
Factor A. Peanut Entries (E)
Entry
Local name Color of Seed Coat Source
E1
Bisaw
Red
Beleng-belis, Kapangan
E2
Putaw
White
Poblacion, Kibungan
E3
Aknapan
Red
Poblacion, Kibungan
E4
Naguey
Red
Atok
E5
Bakun
White
Bakun
Factor B. Organic Fertilizer (OF)
OF1 – Control (no organic fertilizer)
OF2 – Alnus compost (5 kg per 5 sq m)
OF3 – BSU-organic fertilizer (5 kg per 5 sq m)
OF4 – Mushroom compost (20 kg per 5 sq m)
Basal application of fully decomposed alnus fertilizer was done one day before
planting with a rate of 5 kg per sq m (Parnes, 1986). Mushroom compost was applied one
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
10
week before planting with a rate of 20 kg per sq m (Laurean, 2009, BSU organic fertilizer
was done just before planting at a rate of 5 kg per 5 sq m (Balaoing, 2010).
Planting was done in double rows with two seeds per hill at a distance of 25 cm
between hills and rows and 50 cm apart. All cultural practices needed in the production of
peanut were uniformly employed throughout the growing period. Irrigation was done
once a week. Weeding was done whenever needed while pest control was done manually
by picking the insect pests. There was no chemical spraying with pesticides.
The data gathered were the following:
A. Meteorological data. The average monthly temperature, relative humidity,
sunshine duration and rainfall were recorded every weekend during the entire growing
season of the crop from November 2010 to March 2011. Rainfall was gathered using a
cylindrical half-cut plastic container then transferred to a baker to measure the volume.
B. Plant characters. The data was gathered from ten sample plants randomly
selected from each treatment.
1. Days from sowing to emergence. This was recorded by counting the number of
days from sowing to emergence of at least 50% of the seed sown had emerged.
2. Days from emergence to flowering. This was recorded starting from emergence
with the day when 50% of plants had flowered.
3. Days from flowering to pod setting. This was taken by counting the number of
days from flowering to the day when pods are formed.
4. Percent Survival. This was computed using the formula:
PS (%) = Total Number of Plants Survived x 100
Total Number of Seeds Sown
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
11
5. Plant vigor. Visual rating was done 30 days after planting using the scale:
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
Plants are weak with few stem
Poor
are very pale
2
Plants are weak with few thin
Less vigorous
stems and leaves pale
3
Better than less vigorous
Vigorous
4
Plants are moderately strong
Moderately like
with robust stem and leaves
were light
5
Plants are strong with robust
Highly vigorous
stem and leaves
7. Plant height. This was determined by measuring vertically from the ground
level to the tip of the main stem taken at maturity. Initial and final height of plants were
recorded.
8. Number of seeds per pod. This was recorded by counting number of seeds per
pod from ten sample pods per entry.
C. Yield and Yield Parameters
1. Number and weight of marketable pods per plot (kg/5m2). This was gathered
by counting and weighing the marketable seeds per plot per entry.
2. Number and weight of non-marketable pods per plot (kg/5m2). This was
gathered by counting and weighing the number of damaged, small sized and infested
seeds.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
12
3. Total plot yield (kg/plot) and computed yield per hectare (t/ha). The yield per
plot was determined by weighing all harvested pods then converted to tons per hectare
using the following formula;
Yield (t/ha) = Yield/ plot x 2
D. Reaction to Pest and Diseases
Pest and Disease incidence. This was noted by visual observation and was
assessed by rating the degree of pest and disease incidence on the crop at 60 days after
sowing.
1. Leaf miner incidence (Villanueva, 2005).
Rating
Percent damage
Reaction
0
0 No infection
Very Resistant (VR)
1
1-20 of the total plant infected
Resistant(R)
3
21-40 of the total plant infected
Moderate Resistant(MR)
5
41-60 of the total plant infected
Susceptible(S)
7
61-80 of the total plant infected
Moderate Susceptible(MS)
9
81-100 of the total plant infected Very Susceptible(VS)
2. Leaf spot incidence
Rating Percent damage
Reaction
0
0 No infection
Very Resistant (VR)
1
1-20 of the total plant infected
Resistant (R)
3
21-40 of the total plant infected
Moderate Resistant (MR)
5
41-60 of the total plant infected
Susceptible(S)
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
13
Rating Percent damage
Reaction
7
61-80 of the total plant infected
Moderate Susceptible (MS)
9
81-100 of the total plant infected Very Susceptible (VS)
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in 4 x 5
factor factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
The significance of difference among treatments means was tested using Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological Data
Table 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall and light
intensity during the conduct of the study. The average temperature was 25.56oC. The
average rainfall amount was 142.9 ml. Mean light intensity was 886.52 luces. Relative
humidity was 64.9%. Temperature was favorable for peanut production. Peanut grows
best in areas with temperature between 20 to 30 0C.
Plant Survival
Effect of entry. No significant differences were obtained on the percentage
survival among the five entries evaluated. The percent survival of the five entries was
low though Bakun entry showed the highest plant survival among the entries (Table 2).
Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall, and light intensity during
the conduct of the study
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
LIGHT
MEAN
HUMIDITY
(ml)
INTENSIY
MONTHS
(0C)
MEAN
(LUX)
(%)
November
30.16
74.50
703.33
1151.33
December
29.50
62.00
6.25
678.75
January
27.20
56.80
0.00
872.00
February
25.50
66.16
5.00
844.00
MEAN
28.09
64.90
142.916
886.52
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Effect of organic fertilizer. The survival of five entries was not significantly
influenced by the organic fertilizers applied. Plant survival of 78.93% was observed on
plants applied with Alnus compost (Table 2).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect on plant survival was observed
on the plant survival between entry and organic fertilizers applied (Table 2).
Plant Vigor
Effect of entry. Results show that there were no significant differences among the
entries on plant vigor observed at 30 DAP. All plants were rated as moderately vigorous.
Vigorous plants could be due to addition of nutrients from compost (Acosta, 2007).
Effect of organic fertilizer. Result shows no significant influence of organic
fertilizer on the plant vigor of the peanut entries. At 30 DAP, all plants applied with the
different organic fertilizers were rated moderately vigorous (Table 2 and Fig. 1).
Interaction effect of organic fertilizer. There was no significant interaction
between the entries and organic fertilizers on the plant vigor (Table 2).
Plant Height at 30 DAP
Effect of entry. There were no significant differences observed among the five
entries tested on height at 30 DAP (Table 2). Numerically, Naguey entry had the highest
height with 5.5cm while the lowest was the Bakun entry with 5.0 cm.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
16
Table 2. Percent survival and plant height at 30 DAP and 110 DAP of five peanut entries
as affected by organic fertilizers
PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
PERCENT
TREATMENT
SURVIVAL
30 DAP
110 DAP
(%)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
67.66
5.23
25.30
Putaw
72.88
5.25
27.70
Aknapan
75.91
5.12
24.94
Naguey
77.83
5.59
28.20
Bakun
70.16
5.09
25.45
Organic Fertilizer (O)
Control
67.66
5.23
25.30
Alnus compost
78.93
5.47ab
25.89
BSU-organic
fertilizer
71.60
5.79a
26.98
Mushroom
compost
72.40
4.72b
25.99
E x O
ns
ns
ns
CV (%)
26.04
15.95
18.99
Effect of organic fertilizer. The different organic fertilizers did not significantly
affect the height of peanut entries at 30 DAP. Plants applied with BSU- organic fertilizer
were the tallest with 5.79 cm, followed by the plants applied with Alnus compost with
5.47 cm (Table 2). This could be due to high organic matter present in the BSU-organic
fertilizer as indicated by high nitrogen content needed by the crop (Laurean, 2009).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
17
Figure 1. Overview of the plants at 60 DAP
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
18
Interaction effect. The interaction between the entries and organic fertilizer did
not significantly affect the height of peanut plants at 30 DAP (Table 2).
Height at 110 DAP
Effect of entry. Results showed no significant differences observed among the
entries of peanut (Table 2). Although numerically, Naguey entry was the tallest with
28.20 cm and Aknapan was the lowest with 24.9 cm.
Effect of organic fertilizer. The height of peanut plants applied with the different
kinds of organic fertilizers did not differ significantly. Plants applied with BSU-compost
were the tallest with 26.98 cm (Table 2).
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly interact to
affect height of peanut plants at 110 DAP (Table 2).
Number of Seeds per Pod
Effect of entry. Significant differences on the number of seeds per pod were
observed among the different entries of peanut (Table 3). Bisaw and Naguey had the
highest number of seeds per pod while Putaw entry had the lowest number of seeds per
pod (Table 3).
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
number of seeds produced per pods among the plants applied with different organic
fertilizers, though the highest number of seeds produced per pods were obtained from the
plants applied with Alnus compost (Table 3).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Table 3. Number of seeds per pod and number and weight of marketable pods per plot of
five peanut entries applied different kinds of organic fertilizers
MARKETABLE PODS
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF SEEDS
___________________________
PER POD
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(per 5m2)
(g/5m2)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
3a
87
185
Putaw
2b
95
198
Aknapan
2b
82
194
Naguey
3a
68
159
Bakun
2b
80
177
Organic Fertilizer (O)
Control
2
75.66
188
Alnus compost
3
85
170
BSU-organic
fertilizer
2
92
204
Mushroom
compost
2
77
167
E x O
*
ns
ns
CV (%)
14.98
30.72
26.82
Interaction effect. Significant interaction was noted between peanut entries and
organic fertilizers on seeds per pod. Among the combinations of five peanut entries and
the different kinds of organic fertilizers used, Bisaw applied with the different kinds of
organic fertilizers had the highest number of seeds per pod (Table 3 and Figure 2).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
20
3.5
3
2.5
2
Control
Alnus Compost
1.5
BSU Organic Compost
b
e
r
o
f
S
e
e
d
s
p
e
r
P
o
d
u
m
Mushroom Compost
N
1
0.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Bisaw Putaw Aknapan Naguey Bakun
Figure 2. Interaction effect between five peanut entries and the use of different organic
fertilizers
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
21
Number of Marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entries. There were no significant differences observed among the five
peanut entries on the number of marketable pods per plot. Numerically, Putaw entry
showed the highest number of marketable seeds per plot.
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant result was observed on the effect of the
different kinds of organic fertilizers on number of marketable seeds (Table 3). Although,
the plants applied with BSU-organic fertilizer had the highest number of marketable
seeds per plot.
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not interact to affect the
number of marketable pods per plot (Table 3).
Weight of Marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entries. Among the five entries tested, there were no significant
differences observed. Numerically, the entries Putaw, Aknapan and Bisaw had the
highest weight of marketable pods per plot (Table 3).
Effect of organic fertilizer. The weight of marketable pods was not significantly
different among the different kinds of organic fertilizers used though, plants applied with
BSU- organic fertilizer produced the highest weight of marketable pods (Table 3).
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly interact to
affect the weight of marketable pods.
Number of Non-marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entry. There were no significant differences observed on the number of
non-marketable pods among the five entries. Bisaw had the highest number of non-
marketable pods (Table 4).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Table 4. Number and weight of non-marketable pods per plot of five peanut entries
applied with different kinds of organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
NON-MARKETABLE PODS
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(Per 5m2)
(g/5m2)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
49
86
Putaw
46
95
Aknapan
47
79
Naguey
60
68
Bakun
47
80
Organic Fertilizers (O)
Control
54
77
Alnus compost
47
85
BSU-organic fertilizer
48
92
Mushroom compost
50
72
E x O
ns
ns
CV (%)
30.86
32.43
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant differences were observed among the
plants applied with the different organic fertilizers.
Interaction effect. Peanut entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly
interact to affect the number of non-marketable pods per plot.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
23
Weight of Non-marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entry. The five entries had no significant differences observed on the
weight of non-marketable pods per plot (Table 4). Putaw and Bisaw had the highest
weight of non-marketable pods per plot. Naguey showed the lowest weight of non-
marketable pods per plot.
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant differences were observed among the
plants applied with the different organic fertilizers. Numerically, plants applied with
BSU-organic fertilizer had the highest weight of non-marketable pods per plot (Table 4).
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction between the peanut entries
and organic fertilizers on the weight of non-marketable pods per plot (Table 4).
Total Plot Yield
Effect of entry. Results showed that there were no significant effect of entries on
the total plot yield. Numerically, Putaw had the highest total plot yield (Table 5).
Generally, low yield was produced by the peanut entries. Low yield may be attributed to
immature pods harvested. Plant were harvested as early as 110 DAP.
Effect of organic fertilizer. Total plot yield of plants applied with the different
kinds of organic fertilizers did not differ significantly (Table 5). Plants applied with BSU-
organic fertilizer produced the highest yield.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was observed on the total yield
between entry and organic fertilizers applied.
Computed Yield per Hectare (t/ha)
Effect of entry. Results showed no significant differences among the entries of
peanut (Table 5). Naguey entry had the lowest yield with 46t/ha.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
24
Table 5. Total and computed yield of five peanut entries applied with different kinds of
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
YIELD
(g/5m2)
(t/ha)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
272
0.57
Putaw
292
0.59
Aknapan
276
0.55
Naguey
227
0.46
Bakun
257
0.51
Organic Fertilizers (O)
Control
264
0.53
Alnus compost
255
0.51
BSU-organic
fertilizer
296
0.55
Mushroom
compost
243
0.46
E x O
ns
ns
CV (%)
25
26
Effect of organic fertilizer. Yield per hectare was not significantly influenced by
the organic fertilizers applied. Computed yield ranged from 0.46 to 0.51 t/ha. Plants
applied with BSU- organic compost produced the highest yield (Table 5).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was observed on the yield per
hectare between entry and organic fertilizers applied.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
25
Reaction to Leaf Spot
Effect of entry. The response of entries on leaf spot was not significantly
different. All the entries were rated as resistant.
Effect of organic fertilizer. The application of different organic fertilizers did not
differ significantly on the reaction to leaf spot. All plants applied with organic fertilizers
were rated as resistant.
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly interact to
affect the reaction to leaf spot.
Reaction to Leaf Miner Incidence
Effect of entries. Results show no significant differences among the peanut entries
applied with the different kinds of organic fertilizers. All entries were rated as resistant.
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results show no significant differences on the leaf
miner response of plants applied with organic fertilizers. All plants applied with organic
fertilizers were rated as resistant.
Interaction effect. Results show that entries and organic fertilizer had no
significant interaction to affect the leaf miner response.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted from November 2010 to March 2011 Beleng-belis,
Kapangan, Benguet, to: determine the growth and yield of peanut entries applied with
different organic fertilizers; determine the best organic fertilizer that will produce
significant yield on the peanut entries; and determine the interaction effect of peanut
entry and organic fertilizer on the different parameters.
Among the peanut entries, Bisaw and Naguey significantly produced the highest
number of seeds per pod. Putaw had the highest weight of marketable pods and yield per
plot. Interaction between peanut entry and organic fertilizers was observed on number of
seeds per pod. The other parameters however were not affected by the interaction of
peanut entry and organic fertilizers applied. Numerically, the best combination based on
marketable yield and total yield is entry Putaw entry applied with BSU- organic fertilizer.
Conclusions
Putaw is the highest producer of marketable pods. Plants applied with BSU-
organic fertilizer produced the highest marketable and total yield. Bisaw applied with
BSU- organic fertilizer is the best combination based on weight of marketable pods and
total yield.
Recommendations
Based on the conditions of the study and early harvesting, Putaw entry could be
recommended for peanut production under Beleng-belis, Kapangan, Benguet condition.
BSU-organic fertilizer can be applied for peanut production, however, cost should be
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
27
considered. Application of BSU-organic fertilizer on Bisaw entry is recommended,
considering the cost to be incurred.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
28
LITERATURE CITED
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peanut seeds. MS thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 7.
ACIA. 1992. The seed production of peanut. Retrieved from http://www.seed/pubs/02/ 13
4 67/ chptr2.html.
ANDAYA, M. B. 1999. Cut flower quality of carnation grown at different media using
BSU formulated compost. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 21.
BALAOING, J. 2010. Personal conversation. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
BALAOING, J. and LAGMAN. 2003. Performance of selected horticultural crops using
formulated vermicompost. BSU Research Journal 38: 28-34.
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (BAR). 1995. Farming update.
Department of agriculture, Diliman, Quezon city, Philippines. (7):15.
COOKE, G. W. 1984. Some priorities for British soil science. Soil science. 30: 187-313.
FOLLET, R, H, 1981. Fertilizer and soil ammendments. USA: McGraw hill
Publishing Inc. P.4
HAGAN, A. and W. FOSHEE. 2000. Producing peanut seeds. Retrieved from
http://www.aces/edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-06051.
HOQUE, A. M. 1988. Growth yield and seed quality of two snapbean varieties as
effected by irrigation and frequency and fertilizer materials. Ph. D. Dissertation.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 8.
KISOFEN, M. B. 2001. Growth and yield of peanut under La Trinidad condition. BS
Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-4.
LADERA, J. C. and A. C. CLENUAR. 1993. Comparative effects of different organic
fertilizers on the yield of root crops. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),
Philippines. Pp. 363-386.
LAUREAN, C. 2009. Benguet State University Biofertilizer Production. Shamag IV
(7):6.
MARQUEZ, M.1988.Utilization of azolla as organic fertilizer. MS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
PARNES, R. 1986. Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer. Woods and Agricultural Institute. P.
99.
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PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL
RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (PCARRD). 2002. The
Philippine
recommend for peanut. Los Banos, Laguna. P. 14.
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL
RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (PCARRD). 1992.
Sustainable through organic agriculture. Los Banos, Laguna. Pp. 8-9.
POINCELOT, R. 1980. Towards a More Sustainable Agriculture. AEI Publishing
Company, Inc. Westport, Connecticut. P. 75.
QUILOY, G. I. 1995. Performance of young corn under two densities. BS thesis. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp 2-4.
REGMI, S.K. 1990. Varietal evaluation of promising lines and path coefficient in pole
snap beans. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-3.
SILOY, J. 1991. The effect of frequency of fertilizer application on the growth and yield
of pole snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). BS thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-4
SUNIL, K.R. 1990. Varietal evaluation of promising lines and path coefficient of analysis
in pole snap beans. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 4-5.
TAN, A.L.1985. Compost Making; the industrial life. UPCA Los Banos, Laguna. P. 8.
THOMPSON, H. and U. KELLY. 1987. Vegetable crops. New York: Mc GrawHill
Books co. inc. Pp. 77-79.
VILLANUEVA, G. 2005. Evaluation of six peanut varieties during dry season and
their response to paclobutrazol during wet season. Ph.D. Dissertation. Benguet
State University (BSU), La Trinidad Benguet. P. 7.
WORK, I. and CAREW, B. 1995. Vegetable production and marketing. New York:
Willey Book Company. Pp. 103-114.
YOSHIDA, S. 1981. Fundamental of rice crop science. IRRI Los Banos, Laguna. P. 213.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
30
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Percent survival of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertile-
zers at 110 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
28
86
68
182
60.66
T1
89
91
44
224
74.66
T2
65
63
75
203
67.66
T3
28
94
81
203
67.66
V2TO
43
75
79
197
65.66
T1
69
88
74
231
77.00
T2
85
88
83
256
85.33
T3
75
90
25
190
63.33
V3TO
83
75
74
232
77.33
T1
79
100
74
253
84.33
T2
66
80
50
196
65.33
T3
65
80
85
230
76.66
V4TO
59
60
80
209
69.66
T1
73
100
68
241
80.33
T2
85
89
60
234
78.00
T3
80
100
80
260
86.66
V5TO
86
94
39
219
73.00
T1
69
100
66
235
78.33
T2
81
100
54
235
78.33
T3
65
84
0
149
49.66
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
AQUARES SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
6154.53
3077.26
Treatment
19
3724.85
196.04
0.54ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
819.60
204.90
0.57ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
852.45
284.15
0.78ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
2052.45
171.06
0.45ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
13684.80
360.12
TOTAL
59
ns- Not significant
CV= 26.04%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
31
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC
MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST
TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
60.66
74.66
67.66
67.66
270.64
90.21
Putaw
65.66
77.00
85.33
63.33
291.32
97.10
Aknapan 77.33
84.33
65.33
76.66
301.76
100.58
Atok
69.66
80.33
78.00
86.66
314.65
104.88
Bakun
73.00
78.33
78.33
49.66
179.32
93.10
TOTAL
222.654
MEAN
485.87
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
32
Appendix Table 2. Initial height of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertilizers at
30 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
4.25
5.100
5.10
14.45
4.81
T1
5.85
5.00
4.65
15.50
5.16
T2
6.80
5.30
5.95
18.05
6.01
T3
5.05
4.95
4.85
14.85
4.95
V2TO
4.35
5.15
5.90
15.40
5.13
T1
5.50
5.20
5.65
16.35
5.45
T2
6.0
5.05
5.30
16.35
5.45
T3
5.15
4.55
5.20
14.90
4.96
V3TO
5.30
5.05
5.10
15.45
5.15
T1
4.45
4.70
5.60
14.75
4.91
T2
5.35
5.60
6.00
16.95
5.65
T3
4.45
4.75
5.15
14.35
4.78
V4TO
4.35
4.35
6.00
14.70
4.90
T1
6.05
6.10
6,15
18.30
6.10
T2
6.30
5.50
5.85
17.65
5.88
T3
5.50
5.15
5.75
16.40
5.46
V5TO
5.10
5.30
5.20
15.60
5.20
T1
5.35
5.40
6.50
17.25
5.75
T2
6.05
5.67
6.26
17.97
5.99
T3
4.80
5.50
0.00
10.30
3.43
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.25
0.12
Treatment
19
20.74
1.09
1.56ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
1.91
0.47
0.68ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
10.10
3.36
4.81**
1.85
4.24
A x B
12
8.72
0.72
1.04ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
26.60
0.70
TOTAL
59
47.60
ns - Not significant
CV= 15.91%
** - Highly significant
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
33
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
4.81
5.16
6.01
4.95
20.93
5.2
.
Putaw
5.13
5.45
5.45
4.96
20.99
5.3
Aknapan
5.15
4.91
5.65
4.78
20.49
5.1
Atok
4.9
6.1
5.88
5.46
22.34
5.6
Bakun
5.2
5.75
5.99
3.43
20.37
5.1
TOTAL
21
MEAN
4.2
5.3
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
34
Appendix Table 3. Final height of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertilizers at
110 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I II III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
19.84
22.31
22.75
64.90
21.63
T1
20.70
25.96
24.83
71.49
23.83
T2
29.93
23.99
35.65
89.57
29.85
T3
22.90
24.55
31.40
78.85
26.28
V2TO
23.05
25.60
27.05
75.70
25.23
T1
29.35
24.92
29.85
84.12
28.04
T2
29.05
24.89
31.94
85.88
28.62
T3
24.88
24.74
28.91
78.53
26.17
V3TO
26.30
24.68
28.28
79.26
26.42
T1
25,05
21.64
21.11
67.80
22.60
T2
27.20
24.00
25.25
76.45
25.48
T3
22.50
26.26
27.11
75.87
25.29
V4TO
24.80
23.92
32.90
81.62
27.20
T1
26.75
27.91
32.23
86.89
28.96
T2
29.85
33.36
33.36
96.57
32.19
T3
22.50
29.40
21.50
73.40
24.46
V5TO
26.69
30.73
28.46
85.88
28.62
T1
24.60
29.31
26.76
80.67
26.89
T2
29.20
29.12
0.00
87.03
29.01
T3
25.45
27.40
28.71
52.85
17.61
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURDE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
23.41
11.70
Treatment
19
486.15
25.58
1.03ns
1,03
2.44
Factor (a)
4
96.04
24.01
0.97ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
11.55
3.85
0.15ns
1.85
4.34
A x B
12
378.55
31.54
1.27ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
942.97
24.81
TOTAL
59
1452.54
ns- Not Significant
CV= 18.99%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
35
TWO-WAY TABLE
OGANIC FETILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
21.63
23.83
29.85
26.28
101.59
25
.
Putaw
25.23
28.04
28.62
26.17
108.06
27
Aknapan
26.42
22.6
25.48
25.29
99.79
25
Atok
27.20
28.96
32.19
24.46
112.81
28
Bakun
28.62
26.89
29.01
17.61
102.13
26
TOTAL
524
132
MEAN
105
26
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
36
Appendix Table 4. Number of seeds per pods of five peanut entries as affected by organic
fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
3
3
3
9
3
T1
3
3
3
9
3
T2
3
3
3
9
3
T3
3
2
3
8
3
V2TO
2
2
2
6
2
T1
2
2
2
6
2
T2
2
2
2
6
2
T3
3
3
2
8
3
V3TO
2
3
3
9
3
T1
3
2
2
7
2
T2
3
2
2
7
2
T3
2
2
2
6
2
V4TO
2
3
2
7
2
T1
3
3
3
9
3
T2
3
3
2
8
3
T3
3
3
3
9
3
V5TO
3
2
2
7
2
T1
3
2
2
7
2
T2
3
2
2
7
2
T3
3
2
2
7
2
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
1.23
.61
Treatment
19
5.56
2.56
Factor (a)
4
.183
1.39
11.09**
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
3.23
0.06
.48ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
4.67
.26
2.14*
2.02
2.69
Error
38
3.56
.12
TOTAL
59
14.98
ns- Not Significant
CV= 14.07%
** - highly significant
* - Significant
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
37
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC
MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST
TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
3
3
3
3
12
3
.
Putaw
2
2
2
3
9
2
Aknapan
3
2
2
2
10
2
Atok
2
3
3
3
11
3
Bakun
2
2
2
2
10
2
TOTAL
50
13
MEAN
10
3
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
38
Appendix Table 5. Number of marketable seeds of five peanut entries as affected by
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
82
68
55
205
68
T1
194
67
37
298
99
T2
123
107
78
308
103
T3
125
81
32
238
79
V2TO
122
111
5
238
79
T1
125
84
65
274
91
T2
202
119
65
386
129
T3
125
81
32
238
79
V3TO
113
80
74
267
89
T1
108
80
61
249
83
T2
77
67
61
205
68
T3
108
73
83
264
88
V4TO
60
66
27
153
51
T1
116
80
55
251
84
T2
91
91
33
215
72
T3
75
64
60
199
66
V5TO
125
103
44
272
91
T1
67
78
64
209
70
T2
103
85
80
268
89
T3
128
84
0
212
71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
39592.13 19796.06
Treatment
19
15582.82
820.12
1.28ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
4603.90
1150.97
1.79ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
2717.38
905.79
1.41ns
1.85
4.34
A x B
12
8261.03
688.41
1.07ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
24392.53
641.90
TOTAL
59
79566.98
ns- Not Significant
CV= 30.72%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
39
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
68
99
103
79
350
87
.
Putaw
79
91
129
79
379
95
Aknapan
89
83
68
88
328
82
Atok
51
84
72
66
273
68
Bakun
91
70
89
71
320
80
.
TOTAL
427
461
384
1650
412
MEAN
142
154
128
330
83
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
40
Appendix Table 6. Weight of marketable seeds of five peanut entries as affected by
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
200
180
100
480
160
T1
220
140
170
530
176
T2
330
260
170
760
253
T3
135
120
200
455
151
V2TO
275
280
120
675
225
T1
270
200
145
615
205
T2
205
260
150
615
205
T3
270
140
060
470
156
V3TO
290
200
150
640
213
T1
230
180
145
555
185
T2
295
180
150
535
178
T3
250
175
170
595
198
V4TO
150
180
050
380
126
T1
140
200
140
480
160
T2
245
240
065
550
183
T3
190
160
150
500
166
V5TO
322
240
090
652
217
T1
180
130
062
372
124
T2
240
200
165
605
201
T3
300
190
0.00
490
163
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
.12
.06
25.77ns
2.42
Treatment
19
.16
.87
1.12ns
2.42
Factor (a)
4
.01
.03
1.19ns
1.86
2.42
Factor (b)
3
.01
.04
1.86ns
1.86
2.42
A x B
12
.03
.03
1.27ns
1.86
2.42
Error
38
09
.02
TOTAL
59
.27
ns- Not significant
CV= 26.81%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
41
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
16
176
253
151
740
16
.
Putaw
225
205
205
156
791
19
Aknapan
213
185
178
198
774
94
Atok
126
16
183
166
635
16
Bakun
217
124
201
163
705
18
TOTAL
3645
163
MEAN
729
33
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
42
Appendix Table 7. Number of non-marketable pods per plot of five peanut entries as
affected by organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
53
35
58
146
47
T1
20
53
72
145
48
T2
40
31
71
142
47
T3
29
63
66
158
53
V2TO
19
51
58
128
43
T1
19
45
40
104
35
T2
17
40
60
117
39
T3
37
73
97
207
69
V3TO
45
41
60
146
49
T1
39
64
42
145
48
T2
48
34
56
138
46
T3
36
53
50
139
46
V4TO
64
64
88
216
72
T1
17
61
71
149
50
T2
45
49
89
183
61
T3
36
89
49
174
58
V5TO
50
46
77
173
58
T1
47
70
56
173
58
T2
34
50
61
145
48
T3
32
45
0
77
26
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
6330.53
3165.26
Treatment
19
6615.25
348.17
1.46ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
1578.66
394.66
1.65ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
352.05
117.35
0.49ns
1.85
4.34
A x B
12
4684.53
390.37
1.63ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
9076.80
238.86
TOTAL
59
22022.58
ns- Not significant
CV= 30.86%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
43
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
49
48
47
53
58
14
.
Putaw
43
35
39
69
58
14
Aknapan
49
48
46
46
58
14
Atok
72
50
61
58
58
14
Bakun
58
58
48
26
58
14
TOTAL
189
72
MEAN
38
14
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
44
Appendix Table 8. Weight of non-marketable pods per plot (g) of five peanut as affected
by organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
82
68
55
205
68
T1
94
67
37
295
98
T2
123
107
78
308
102
T3
75
59
91
225
75
V2TO
122
111
5
238
79
T1
125
84
65
274
91
T2
202
119
65
386
128
T3
125
81
32
238
79
V3TO
113
80
74
267
89
T1
108
80
61
249
83
T2
77
67
61
205
68
T3
108
73
83
264
88
V4TO
60
66
27
153
51
T1
116
80
55
251
83
T2
91
91
33
215
71
T3
75
64
60
199
66
V5TO
125
103
44
272
90
T1
67
78
64
209
69
T2
103
85
80
268
89
T3
128
84
0
212
70
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
.03
.01
26.96ns
Treatment
19
.16
.87
1.12ns
Factor (a)
4
.05
.01
1.64ns
1.86
2.42
Factor (b)
3
.04
.01
1.72ns
1.86
2.42
A x B
12
.8
.01
.99ns
1.86
2.42
Error
38
.02
.01
TOTAL
59
.081
ns- Not significant
CV= 32.43%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
45
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
68
98
102
75
343
100
.
Putaw
79
91
128
79
377
100
Aknapan
89
83
68
88
328
100
Atok
51
83
71
66
271
100
Bakun
90
69
89
70
318
100
TOTAL
1637
500
MEAN
300
100
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
46
Appendix Table 9. Total plot yield of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertilizers
by organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
282
248
155
685
228
T1
414
207
207
825
275
T2
453
367
248
1.06
356
T3
210
179
291
680
226
V2TO
397
391
125
913
304
T1
395
284
210
889
296
T2
407
379
215
1.00
333
T3
950
221
920
708
236
V3TO
403
280
224
907
302
T1
338
260
206
804
268
T2
282
247
211
740
246
T3
358
248
253
859
286
V4TO
210
246
770
533
177
T1
256
280
195
731
243
T2
336
331
980
765
255
T3
265
224
210
699
233
V5TO
447
343
134
924
308
T1
247
208
126
581
193
T2
343
285
245
873
291
T3
428
274
0.00
702
234
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
.28
.14
Treatment
19
Factor (a)
4
.02
.07
1.61ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
.0
.08
1.79ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
.06
.05
1.24ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
.16
.04
TOTAL
59
.564
ns- Not significant
CV= 25.03%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
47
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
TOTAL MEAN
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS BSU-
MUSHROOM
ORGANIC
COMPOST
FERTILIZER
Bisaw
228
275
356
226
1085
271
.
Putaw
304
296
333
236
1169
292
Aknapan 302
268
246
286
1102
276
Atok
177
243
255
233
908
227
Bakun
308
193
291
234
1026
257
TOTAL
5290
1323
MEAN
1058
265
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
48
Appendix Table 10. Computed yield per hectare of five peanut as affected by organic
fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
564
496
310
1370
456
T1
828
414
414
1656
552
T2
906
734
828
2468
822
T3
420
358
582
1360
453
V2TO
794
782
250
1826
608
T1
790
568
420
1778
592
T2
814
758
430
2002
667
T3
794
442
184
1420
473
V3TO
806
560
448
1814
604
T1
676
520
412
1608
536
T2
564
494
422
1480
493
T3
716
496
506
1718
572
V4TO
420
492
154
1066
355
T1
512
560
390
1462
487
T2
672
662
196
1530
510
T3
530
448
420
1422
474
V5TO
894
686
268
1848
616
T1
494
416
252
1162
387
T2
686
570
490
1746
582
T3
856
548
0.00
1404
468
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
1.01
.50
Treatment
19
Factor (a)
4
0.13
.03
1.76ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
.14
.04
2.49ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
.35
.02
1.57ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
.71
.01
TOTAL
59
2.53
ns- Not significant
CV= 25.61%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
49
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
.456
.552
.822
.453
2.283
.6
.
Putaw
.608
.592
.667
.473
2.34
.6
Aknapan
.604
.536
.493
.572
2.21
.6
Atok
.355
.487
.51
.474
1.83
.5
Bakun
.616
.387
.582
.468
2.1
.5
TOTAL
10.763
2.8
MEAN
2.1
.56
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011. Growth and Yield Response of Peanut
Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under Kapangan, Benguet Condition. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Belinda A. Tad-awan, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to: determine the growth and yield of peanut entries applied
with different organic fertilizers; determine the best organic fertilizer that will produce
significant yield on the peanut entries; and determine the interaction effect of peanut entry and
organic fertilizer on the different parameters.
Bisaw and Putaw significantly produced the highest number of seeds per pod. Bisaw
produced the highest marketable and total yield though no significant differences were observed
among the peanut entries. Plants applied with BSU- organic fertilizers produced the highest
marketable and total yield but not significantly different with the plants applied with the other
organic fertilizers and the control.
The best combination based on yield was Bisaw entry and application of BSU- organic
fertilizer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...
i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..
i
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………...
ii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….........
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………………
4
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Growth and
Yield of Crops……………………………………………………………...
4
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth and
Yield of Peanut……………..........................................................................
5
Yield and Quality of Peanut………………………………………………..
6
Varietal Evaluation…………………………………………………............
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………..
9
Data Gathered………………………………………………………............
10
Data Analysis……………………………………………………….............
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………
14
Meteorological Data………………………………………………………..
14
Plant Survival ……………………………………………………………...
14
Plant Vigor …………………………………………………………………
15
Plant Height at 30 DAP……………………………………………….........
15
Height at 110 DAP…………………………………………………………
18
Number of Seeds per Pod…………………………………………………..
18
Number of Marketable Pods per Plot………………………………………
21
Weight of Marketable Pods per Plot………………………………………..
21
Number of Non-marketable Pods per Plot ………………………………...
21
Weight of Non-marketable Pods per Plot……………………………..........
22
Total Plot Yield…………………………………………………….............
23
Computed Yield per Hectare (t/ha)………………………………...............
23
Reaction to Leaf Spot at 60 DAP……………………………………..........
24
Reaction to Leaf Miner Incidence………………………………….............
25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………..
26
Summary……………………………………………………………............
26
Conclusion………………………………………………………….............
26
Recommendation……………………………………………………...........
27
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………………..
28
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………...
30
1
INTRODUCTION
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) or groundnut locally known as “mani” is one of the
most important legumes in the Philippines. It is a year round crop of Filipinos as finger
food, prepared in many ways. It is the most common, available and largest selling snack
in the country, aside from a major source for food, it is used as shortening, confectionery,
and various industrial products. It is a marketed as fresh vegetable, canned, frozen,
roasted in the shell, toasted and salted. In the manufacture of butter margarines, and other
products, peanut is highly in demand (BAR, 1995).
In terms of nutritional content, peanut is an important source of protein, calories
and minerals. It has approximately 25 to 30% protein (dry weight) and 46 to 50% oil. It
has a rich source of thiamine and hyacinth provided it is not overheated during roasting.
It is limiting in amino acids, methiomine, cystine, and lysine (PCARRD, 2002).
It is said that in many instances, the mere use of an improve variety has resulted
in tremendous increase in yields. In areas where peanut is widely grown, the choice of
variety is usually not considered. Most are planting the native variety, thus, yield is low.
Knowing the right variety to plant is very important if a bigger produce of good quality
peanut is desired. Thus, variety evaluation is done to find out the varieties that are
adapted to the locality, high yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, and which command
a higher price (PCARRD, 2002).
Peanut quality is such an important factor that influences consumers’ and
processors’ acceptability. Traditionally, quality has been related to yield, pod
characteristics, appearance and safeness from hazardous farm chemicals, good eating
quality, processing quality and most of all its nutritional value (Villanueva, 2005).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
2
Nowadays, problems on soil fertility and occurrence of plant diseases lead to low
production as experienced by most farmers. Thus, application of pure inorganic fertilizer
is often practiced to attain maximum yield of legume crops. However, the continuous
application of inorganic fertilizer will destroy the soil structure and pollute the water
source. The application or addition of organic fertilizer may, therefore, be a good
alternative since it will not only reduce inputs of farmers but also improve soil tilth, soil
structure, aeration, and water holding capacity (Follet, 1981).
Researchers have found that organic fertilizers like azolla, mushroom compost,
BSU-Organic fertilizer and alnus compost are good source of soil nutrient. These
fertilizers generally provide essential elements for proper plant growth and some improve
the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of soil as claimed by some researchers.
Compost fertilizers are economical to use by the farmers than inorganic fertilizers
(Marquez, 1988).
In the locality, there is scarce information on the response of peanut varieties to
organic fertilizers, thus, this study.
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the growth and yield of peanut entries applied with different organic
fertilizers;
2. determine the best organic fertilizer that will produce significant yield on the
peanut entries; and
3. determine the interaction effect of peanut entry and organic fertilizer on the
different parameters.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
3
The study was conducted at Beleng-belis, Kapangan, Benguet from November
2010 to March 2011.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Growth
and Yield of Crops
Organic matter and their decomposition products can favorably affect the growth
and metabolism of plants and have been reported to control the proliferation of parasitic
nematodes and reduce the toxic effects of pesticides. his effects of organic matter to the
function of bio-regulators which are produced un the process of decomposition of organic
matter or soil humic matter (Cooke, 1984).
The BSU-organic fertilizer produced under the porject is a mixture of mushroom
compost, chicken dung and sunflower. It contains 32.23% organic matter indicative of
high nitrogen content which is one of the most essential nutrients needed by the crop.The
use of raw materials such as Trichoderma and some strains of bacteria to called “bio-
fertilizers.” Trichoderma is known to protect plant roots against disease caused by fungi
(Laurean, 2009). Furthermore, the benefits derived from bio-organic fertilizer are:
improved soil structure; enhance soil balance and nutrient availability; supply of
micronutrients essential for crop growth of microorganisms that helps control growth of
soil-borne diseases and nematodes; and makes plant healthier and gives higher crop yield.
According to Tan (1985) compost has identified organisms such as: Trichoderma
spp. and Pennicillium spp. Related studies indicate that these organism have anti fungal
and anti bacterial properties. Alnus compost was also used as soil conditioner in
replacement of the farmers’ practice of applying chgicken dung, to determine its effect
against clubroot on cabbage under grweenhouse conditons. Results of the study showed
that plants without clubroot applied with alnus compost at the rate of 6 tons per hectare
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
5
appear to be the tallest. Severe plant growth inhibition and wilting were observed on
plants grown in clubroot-infested soil without alnus and chicken manure. The application
of chicken dung at 4 tons per hectare and alnus compost at 6 tons per hectare slightly
suppressed the activity of clubroot.
Poincelot (1980) stated that decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms
release nutrients, including trace elements needed for crop production. While not enough
for complete maintenance, it does help to offset fertilizer needs. The organic matter
removed after degradation, stabilized form resistant to microbial attack known as humus.
Local studies showed that sweet potato responds to the application of organic
fertilizer as shown by increases in yield of storage roots and improvement of vine vigor.
The use of manure and compost is beneficial especially chicken dung applied at one to
two tons per hectare have been found to increase root yield (Ladera, 1993).
According to Balaoing and Lagman (2003), the use of vermicompost as fertilizer
provides necessary nutrients in growing pechay. Also vermicompost is also a good
potting media for onions. Furthermore, Andaya (1999) reported that the pure BSU
compost and BSU compost + garden soil (4:1) proved to be the best growing media for
cutflowers. The plants produce more number of flowers, have increased stem length,
have improved quality of marketable cut flowers and had the biggest bloom of flowers.
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth
and Yield of Peanut
Yoshida (1991) reported that the use of organic materials as fertilizers affected the
amount of roots throughout the plant growth and increased the percentage of nodal roots
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
6
that elongate to the deep soil layers. The effects of root growth were ascribed to the
restrained uptake to the nitrogen released from organic materials at early stage.
The use of organic fertilizers is an essential requirement for higher crop yield in
most soils, with nitrogen generally being the most important soil nutrient for legume crop
production. Though peanut fixes nitrogen through a symbiotic process, application of
nitrogen as starter dose at planting is recommended to increase yield in almost reasons
(Hoque, 1988).
Yield and Quality of Peanut
Hagan and Foshee (2000) stated that maximum yield and quality depend upon
developing and maintaining a strong, healthy plant. Cultural practices such as cultivation,
should be done to prevent damage to the cotyledonary branches, where most by the
peanuts originate.
The production of high quality peanut seed begins with the selection of both the
land and seed. High quality seed is seed that is capable by establishing full stands or
vigorous, uniform seedling that will grow into mature, productive plants. “Foundation” or
“Registered” seed must be planted to produce certified seed. To reduce disease and
volunteer plant problems, a good rotational program is essential under contact to
commercial companies that buy, store, shell, and teat the seed (ACIA, 1992).
PCARRD (1992) reported that yields of peanut plants near the hedge grows are
shorter and somewhat poor pod yields are also lower than the yields of plants in the
middle rows in each alley. Lower yield of plants near the hedgegrows could probably be
due to the shading effect and nutrient competition with the alley crop.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
7
Varietal Evaluation
Varietal evaluation is necessary to observe the growth and development of the
crop. The importance of having a variety evaluation is to observe the characters such as
yield, earliness to vigor maturity and keeping quality because different varieties have
wide range of plant differences, size, and yield performance (Work and Carew, 1995).
Variety evaluation gatheres data and plant character, tield and pod quality. Hence, high
yielding and improved cultivars known to play a role in boasting production are obtained
(Regmi, 1990).
Varietal evaluation is done to find out those varieties of crops that are adapted to
the grower’s need, is very important. But after testing most attention should be paid to
test strains and stocks of varieties selected because great differences exist between strains
in peanut crops and is only by trial that superior varieties are found (Thompson and
Kelly, 1987).
When evaluating and choosing variety, several conditions must be considered.
Good yield and good grade over a wide range of conditions are usually the most
important. It determines the gross return for the crop. Consistency of yield is important
across locations but environmental, disease, rainfall and irrigation factors can effect how
a variety responds (Aban, 1992).
Quilloy (1995) stated that planting the right varieties that are suited to the specific
locations will result to increasing yield by 20%. Siloy (1991) reported that variety must
be adapted to the area in which it is grown. There is a great variation in the yielding of
the different varieties when grown in the same method of culture.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
8
Sunil (1990) said that variety evaluation was a process in crop breeding program
which provides comparison of promising lines developed by a breeder sees the yield,
quality, adaptability, stress tolerance, and insect pest and diseases resistance.
Kisofen (2001) in her study on varietal evaluation of peanut found thatAccessions
88392 and E.G. Red significantly produced the heaviest weight of 100 pods while UPL-
Pn-10 recorded the lightest. All varieties were rated mildly resistant to leaf spot disease.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
9
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 300 m2 was thoroughly prepared. The area was divided into three
blocks representing the three replications with 20 plots with a dimension of 1 m x 5 m
each. The experiment was laid-out using 4 x 5 factor factorial in Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD). The five peanut entries served as a Factor A and the application
of the three organic fertilizers served as Factor B.
Factor A. Peanut Entries (E)
Entry
Local name Color of Seed Coat Source
E1
Bisaw
Red
Beleng-belis, Kapangan
E2
Putaw
White
Poblacion, Kibungan
E3
Aknapan
Red
Poblacion, Kibungan
E4
Naguey
Red
Atok
E5
Bakun
White
Bakun
Factor B. Organic Fertilizer (OF)
OF1 – Control (no organic fertilizer)
OF2 – Alnus compost (5 kg per 5 sq m)
OF3 – BSU-organic fertilizer (5 kg per 5 sq m)
OF4 – Mushroom compost (20 kg per 5 sq m)
Basal application of fully decomposed alnus fertilizer was done one day before
planting with a rate of 5 kg per sq m (Parnes, 1986). Mushroom compost was applied one
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
10
week before planting with a rate of 20 kg per sq m (Laurean, 2009, BSU organic fertilizer
was done just before planting at a rate of 5 kg per 5 sq m (Balaoing, 2010).
Planting was done in double rows with two seeds per hill at a distance of 25 cm
between hills and rows and 50 cm apart. All cultural practices needed in the production of
peanut were uniformly employed throughout the growing period. Irrigation was done
once a week. Weeding was done whenever needed while pest control was done manually
by picking the insect pests. There was no chemical spraying with pesticides.
The data gathered were the following:
A. Meteorological data. The average monthly temperature, relative humidity,
sunshine duration and rainfall were recorded every weekend during the entire growing
season of the crop from November 2010 to March 2011. Rainfall was gathered using a
cylindrical half-cut plastic container then transferred to a baker to measure the volume.
B. Plant characters. The data was gathered from ten sample plants randomly
selected from each treatment.
1. Days from sowing to emergence. This was recorded by counting the number of
days from sowing to emergence of at least 50% of the seed sown had emerged.
2. Days from emergence to flowering. This was recorded starting from emergence
with the day when 50% of plants had flowered.
3. Days from flowering to pod setting. This was taken by counting the number of
days from flowering to the day when pods are formed.
4. Percent Survival. This was computed using the formula:
PS (%) = Total Number of Plants Survived x 100
Total Number of Seeds Sown
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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5. Plant vigor. Visual rating was done 30 days after planting using the scale:
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
Plants are weak with few stem
Poor
are very pale
2
Plants are weak with few thin
Less vigorous
stems and leaves pale
3
Better than less vigorous
Vigorous
4
Plants are moderately strong
Moderately like
with robust stem and leaves
were light
5
Plants are strong with robust
Highly vigorous
stem and leaves
7. Plant height. This was determined by measuring vertically from the ground
level to the tip of the main stem taken at maturity. Initial and final height of plants were
recorded.
8. Number of seeds per pod. This was recorded by counting number of seeds per
pod from ten sample pods per entry.
C. Yield and Yield Parameters
1. Number and weight of marketable pods per plot (kg/5m2). This was gathered
by counting and weighing the marketable seeds per plot per entry.
2. Number and weight of non-marketable pods per plot (kg/5m2). This was
gathered by counting and weighing the number of damaged, small sized and infested
seeds.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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3. Total plot yield (kg/plot) and computed yield per hectare (t/ha). The yield per
plot was determined by weighing all harvested pods then converted to tons per hectare
using the following formula;
Yield (t/ha) = Yield/ plot x 2
D. Reaction to Pest and Diseases
Pest and Disease incidence. This was noted by visual observation and was
assessed by rating the degree of pest and disease incidence on the crop at 60 days after
sowing.
1. Leaf miner incidence (Villanueva, 2005).
Rating
Percent damage
Reaction
0
0 No infection
Very Resistant (VR)
1
1-20 of the total plant infected
Resistant(R)
3
21-40 of the total plant infected
Moderate Resistant(MR)
5
41-60 of the total plant infected
Susceptible(S)
7
61-80 of the total plant infected
Moderate Susceptible(MS)
9
81-100 of the total plant infected Very Susceptible(VS)
2. Leaf spot incidence
Rating Percent damage
Reaction
0
0 No infection
Very Resistant (VR)
1
1-20 of the total plant infected
Resistant (R)
3
21-40 of the total plant infected
Moderate Resistant (MR)
5
41-60 of the total plant infected
Susceptible(S)
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Rating Percent damage
Reaction
7
61-80 of the total plant infected
Moderate Susceptible (MS)
9
81-100 of the total plant infected Very Susceptible (VS)
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in 4 x 5
factor factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
The significance of difference among treatments means was tested using Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological Data
Table 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall and light
intensity during the conduct of the study. The average temperature was 25.56oC. The
average rainfall amount was 142.9 ml. Mean light intensity was 886.52 luces. Relative
humidity was 64.9%. Temperature was favorable for peanut production. Peanut grows
best in areas with temperature between 20 to 30 0C.
Plant Survival
Effect of entry. No significant differences were obtained on the percentage
survival among the five entries evaluated. The percent survival of the five entries was
low though Bakun entry showed the highest plant survival among the entries (Table 2).
Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall, and light intensity during
the conduct of the study
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
LIGHT
MEAN
HUMIDITY
(ml)
INTENSIY
MONTHS
(0C)
MEAN
(LUX)
(%)
November
30.16
74.50
703.33
1151.33
December
29.50
62.00
6.25
678.75
January
27.20
56.80
0.00
872.00
February
25.50
66.16
5.00
844.00
MEAN
28.09
64.90
142.916
886.52
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
15
Effect of organic fertilizer. The survival of five entries was not significantly
influenced by the organic fertilizers applied. Plant survival of 78.93% was observed on
plants applied with Alnus compost (Table 2).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect on plant survival was observed
on the plant survival between entry and organic fertilizers applied (Table 2).
Plant Vigor
Effect of entry. Results show that there were no significant differences among the
entries on plant vigor observed at 30 DAP. All plants were rated as moderately vigorous.
Vigorous plants could be due to addition of nutrients from compost (Acosta, 2007).
Effect of organic fertilizer. Result shows no significant influence of organic
fertilizer on the plant vigor of the peanut entries. At 30 DAP, all plants applied with the
different organic fertilizers were rated moderately vigorous (Table 2 and Fig. 1).
Interaction effect of organic fertilizer. There was no significant interaction
between the entries and organic fertilizers on the plant vigor (Table 2).
Plant Height at 30 DAP
Effect of entry. There were no significant differences observed among the five
entries tested on height at 30 DAP (Table 2). Numerically, Naguey entry had the highest
height with 5.5cm while the lowest was the Bakun entry with 5.0 cm.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
16
Table 2. Percent survival and plant height at 30 DAP and 110 DAP of five peanut entries
as affected by organic fertilizers
PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
PERCENT
TREATMENT
SURVIVAL
30 DAP
110 DAP
(%)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
67.66
5.23
25.30
Putaw
72.88
5.25
27.70
Aknapan
75.91
5.12
24.94
Naguey
77.83
5.59
28.20
Bakun
70.16
5.09
25.45
Organic Fertilizer (O)
Control
67.66
5.23
25.30
Alnus compost
78.93
5.47ab
25.89
BSU-organic
fertilizer
71.60
5.79a
26.98
Mushroom
compost
72.40
4.72b
25.99
E x O
ns
ns
ns
CV (%)
26.04
15.95
18.99
Effect of organic fertilizer. The different organic fertilizers did not significantly
affect the height of peanut entries at 30 DAP. Plants applied with BSU- organic fertilizer
were the tallest with 5.79 cm, followed by the plants applied with Alnus compost with
5.47 cm (Table 2). This could be due to high organic matter present in the BSU-organic
fertilizer as indicated by high nitrogen content needed by the crop (Laurean, 2009).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
17
Figure 1. Overview of the plants at 60 DAP
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
18
Interaction effect. The interaction between the entries and organic fertilizer did
not significantly affect the height of peanut plants at 30 DAP (Table 2).
Height at 110 DAP
Effect of entry. Results showed no significant differences observed among the
entries of peanut (Table 2). Although numerically, Naguey entry was the tallest with
28.20 cm and Aknapan was the lowest with 24.9 cm.
Effect of organic fertilizer. The height of peanut plants applied with the different
kinds of organic fertilizers did not differ significantly. Plants applied with BSU-compost
were the tallest with 26.98 cm (Table 2).
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly interact to
affect height of peanut plants at 110 DAP (Table 2).
Number of Seeds per Pod
Effect of entry. Significant differences on the number of seeds per pod were
observed among the different entries of peanut (Table 3). Bisaw and Naguey had the
highest number of seeds per pod while Putaw entry had the lowest number of seeds per
pod (Table 3).
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
number of seeds produced per pods among the plants applied with different organic
fertilizers, though the highest number of seeds produced per pods were obtained from the
plants applied with Alnus compost (Table 3).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
19
Table 3. Number of seeds per pod and number and weight of marketable pods per plot of
five peanut entries applied different kinds of organic fertilizers
MARKETABLE PODS
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF SEEDS
___________________________
PER POD
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(per 5m2)
(g/5m2)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
3a
87
185
Putaw
2b
95
198
Aknapan
2b
82
194
Naguey
3a
68
159
Bakun
2b
80
177
Organic Fertilizer (O)
Control
2
75.66
188
Alnus compost
3
85
170
BSU-organic
fertilizer
2
92
204
Mushroom
compost
2
77
167
E x O
*
ns
ns
CV (%)
14.98
30.72
26.82
Interaction effect. Significant interaction was noted between peanut entries and
organic fertilizers on seeds per pod. Among the combinations of five peanut entries and
the different kinds of organic fertilizers used, Bisaw applied with the different kinds of
organic fertilizers had the highest number of seeds per pod (Table 3 and Figure 2).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
20
3.5
3
2.5
2
Control
Alnus Compost
1.5
BSU Organic Compost
b
e
r
o
f
S
e
e
d
s
p
e
r
P
o
d
u
m
Mushroom Compost
N
1
0.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Bisaw Putaw Aknapan Naguey Bakun
Figure 2. Interaction effect between five peanut entries and the use of different organic
fertilizers
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
21
Number of Marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entries. There were no significant differences observed among the five
peanut entries on the number of marketable pods per plot. Numerically, Putaw entry
showed the highest number of marketable seeds per plot.
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant result was observed on the effect of the
different kinds of organic fertilizers on number of marketable seeds (Table 3). Although,
the plants applied with BSU-organic fertilizer had the highest number of marketable
seeds per plot.
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not interact to affect the
number of marketable pods per plot (Table 3).
Weight of Marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entries. Among the five entries tested, there were no significant
differences observed. Numerically, the entries Putaw, Aknapan and Bisaw had the
highest weight of marketable pods per plot (Table 3).
Effect of organic fertilizer. The weight of marketable pods was not significantly
different among the different kinds of organic fertilizers used though, plants applied with
BSU- organic fertilizer produced the highest weight of marketable pods (Table 3).
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly interact to
affect the weight of marketable pods.
Number of Non-marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entry. There were no significant differences observed on the number of
non-marketable pods among the five entries. Bisaw had the highest number of non-
marketable pods (Table 4).
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
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Table 4. Number and weight of non-marketable pods per plot of five peanut entries
applied with different kinds of organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
NON-MARKETABLE PODS
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(Per 5m2)
(g/5m2)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
49
86
Putaw
46
95
Aknapan
47
79
Naguey
60
68
Bakun
47
80
Organic Fertilizers (O)
Control
54
77
Alnus compost
47
85
BSU-organic fertilizer
48
92
Mushroom compost
50
72
E x O
ns
ns
CV (%)
30.86
32.43
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant differences were observed among the
plants applied with the different organic fertilizers.
Interaction effect. Peanut entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly
interact to affect the number of non-marketable pods per plot.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
23
Weight of Non-marketable Pods per Plot
Effect of entry. The five entries had no significant differences observed on the
weight of non-marketable pods per plot (Table 4). Putaw and Bisaw had the highest
weight of non-marketable pods per plot. Naguey showed the lowest weight of non-
marketable pods per plot.
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant differences were observed among the
plants applied with the different organic fertilizers. Numerically, plants applied with
BSU-organic fertilizer had the highest weight of non-marketable pods per plot (Table 4).
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction between the peanut entries
and organic fertilizers on the weight of non-marketable pods per plot (Table 4).
Total Plot Yield
Effect of entry. Results showed that there were no significant effect of entries on
the total plot yield. Numerically, Putaw had the highest total plot yield (Table 5).
Generally, low yield was produced by the peanut entries. Low yield may be attributed to
immature pods harvested. Plant were harvested as early as 110 DAP.
Effect of organic fertilizer. Total plot yield of plants applied with the different
kinds of organic fertilizers did not differ significantly (Table 5). Plants applied with BSU-
organic fertilizer produced the highest yield.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was observed on the total yield
between entry and organic fertilizers applied.
Computed Yield per Hectare (t/ha)
Effect of entry. Results showed no significant differences among the entries of
peanut (Table 5). Naguey entry had the lowest yield with 46t/ha.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
24
Table 5. Total and computed yield of five peanut entries applied with different kinds of
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
YIELD
(g/5m2)
(t/ha)
Peanut Entry (E)
Bisaw
272
0.57
Putaw
292
0.59
Aknapan
276
0.55
Naguey
227
0.46
Bakun
257
0.51
Organic Fertilizers (O)
Control
264
0.53
Alnus compost
255
0.51
BSU-organic
fertilizer
296
0.55
Mushroom
compost
243
0.46
E x O
ns
ns
CV (%)
25
26
Effect of organic fertilizer. Yield per hectare was not significantly influenced by
the organic fertilizers applied. Computed yield ranged from 0.46 to 0.51 t/ha. Plants
applied with BSU- organic compost produced the highest yield (Table 5).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was observed on the yield per
hectare between entry and organic fertilizers applied.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
25
Reaction to Leaf Spot
Effect of entry. The response of entries on leaf spot was not significantly
different. All the entries were rated as resistant.
Effect of organic fertilizer. The application of different organic fertilizers did not
differ significantly on the reaction to leaf spot. All plants applied with organic fertilizers
were rated as resistant.
Interaction effect. Entries and organic fertilizers did not significantly interact to
affect the reaction to leaf spot.
Reaction to Leaf Miner Incidence
Effect of entries. Results show no significant differences among the peanut entries
applied with the different kinds of organic fertilizers. All entries were rated as resistant.
Effect of organic fertilizer. Results show no significant differences on the leaf
miner response of plants applied with organic fertilizers. All plants applied with organic
fertilizers were rated as resistant.
Interaction effect. Results show that entries and organic fertilizer had no
significant interaction to affect the leaf miner response.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted from November 2010 to March 2011 Beleng-belis,
Kapangan, Benguet, to: determine the growth and yield of peanut entries applied with
different organic fertilizers; determine the best organic fertilizer that will produce
significant yield on the peanut entries; and determine the interaction effect of peanut
entry and organic fertilizer on the different parameters.
Among the peanut entries, Bisaw and Naguey significantly produced the highest
number of seeds per pod. Putaw had the highest weight of marketable pods and yield per
plot. Interaction between peanut entry and organic fertilizers was observed on number of
seeds per pod. The other parameters however were not affected by the interaction of
peanut entry and organic fertilizers applied. Numerically, the best combination based on
marketable yield and total yield is entry Putaw entry applied with BSU- organic fertilizer.
Conclusions
Putaw is the highest producer of marketable pods. Plants applied with BSU-
organic fertilizer produced the highest marketable and total yield. Bisaw applied with
BSU- organic fertilizer is the best combination based on weight of marketable pods and
total yield.
Recommendations
Based on the conditions of the study and early harvesting, Putaw entry could be
recommended for peanut production under Beleng-belis, Kapangan, Benguet condition.
BSU-organic fertilizer can be applied for peanut production, however, cost should be
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
27
considered. Application of BSU-organic fertilizer on Bisaw entry is recommended,
considering the cost to be incurred.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
28
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State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp 2-4.
REGMI, S.K. 1990. Varietal evaluation of promising lines and path coefficient in pole
snap beans. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-3.
SILOY, J. 1991. The effect of frequency of fertilizer application on the growth and yield
of pole snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). BS thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-4
SUNIL, K.R. 1990. Varietal evaluation of promising lines and path coefficient of analysis
in pole snap beans. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 4-5.
TAN, A.L.1985. Compost Making; the industrial life. UPCA Los Banos, Laguna. P. 8.
THOMPSON, H. and U. KELLY. 1987. Vegetable crops. New York: Mc GrawHill
Books co. inc. Pp. 77-79.
VILLANUEVA, G. 2005. Evaluation of six peanut varieties during dry season and
their response to paclobutrazol during wet season. Ph.D. Dissertation. Benguet
State University (BSU), La Trinidad Benguet. P. 7.
WORK, I. and CAREW, B. 1995. Vegetable production and marketing. New York:
Willey Book Company. Pp. 103-114.
YOSHIDA, S. 1981. Fundamental of rice crop science. IRRI Los Banos, Laguna. P. 213.
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
30
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Percent survival of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertile-
zers at 110 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
28
86
68
182
60.66
T1
89
91
44
224
74.66
T2
65
63
75
203
67.66
T3
28
94
81
203
67.66
V2TO
43
75
79
197
65.66
T1
69
88
74
231
77.00
T2
85
88
83
256
85.33
T3
75
90
25
190
63.33
V3TO
83
75
74
232
77.33
T1
79
100
74
253
84.33
T2
66
80
50
196
65.33
T3
65
80
85
230
76.66
V4TO
59
60
80
209
69.66
T1
73
100
68
241
80.33
T2
85
89
60
234
78.00
T3
80
100
80
260
86.66
V5TO
86
94
39
219
73.00
T1
69
100
66
235
78.33
T2
81
100
54
235
78.33
T3
65
84
0
149
49.66
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
AQUARES SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
6154.53
3077.26
Treatment
19
3724.85
196.04
0.54ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
819.60
204.90
0.57ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
852.45
284.15
0.78ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
2052.45
171.06
0.45ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
13684.80
360.12
TOTAL
59
ns- Not significant
CV= 26.04%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
31
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC
MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST
TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
60.66
74.66
67.66
67.66
270.64
90.21
Putaw
65.66
77.00
85.33
63.33
291.32
97.10
Aknapan 77.33
84.33
65.33
76.66
301.76
100.58
Atok
69.66
80.33
78.00
86.66
314.65
104.88
Bakun
73.00
78.33
78.33
49.66
179.32
93.10
TOTAL
222.654
MEAN
485.87
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
32
Appendix Table 2. Initial height of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertilizers at
30 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
4.25
5.100
5.10
14.45
4.81
T1
5.85
5.00
4.65
15.50
5.16
T2
6.80
5.30
5.95
18.05
6.01
T3
5.05
4.95
4.85
14.85
4.95
V2TO
4.35
5.15
5.90
15.40
5.13
T1
5.50
5.20
5.65
16.35
5.45
T2
6.0
5.05
5.30
16.35
5.45
T3
5.15
4.55
5.20
14.90
4.96
V3TO
5.30
5.05
5.10
15.45
5.15
T1
4.45
4.70
5.60
14.75
4.91
T2
5.35
5.60
6.00
16.95
5.65
T3
4.45
4.75
5.15
14.35
4.78
V4TO
4.35
4.35
6.00
14.70
4.90
T1
6.05
6.10
6,15
18.30
6.10
T2
6.30
5.50
5.85
17.65
5.88
T3
5.50
5.15
5.75
16.40
5.46
V5TO
5.10
5.30
5.20
15.60
5.20
T1
5.35
5.40
6.50
17.25
5.75
T2
6.05
5.67
6.26
17.97
5.99
T3
4.80
5.50
0.00
10.30
3.43
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
0.25
0.12
Treatment
19
20.74
1.09
1.56ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
1.91
0.47
0.68ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
10.10
3.36
4.81**
1.85
4.24
A x B
12
8.72
0.72
1.04ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
26.60
0.70
TOTAL
59
47.60
ns - Not significant
CV= 15.91%
** - Highly significant
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
33
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
4.81
5.16
6.01
4.95
20.93
5.2
.
Putaw
5.13
5.45
5.45
4.96
20.99
5.3
Aknapan
5.15
4.91
5.65
4.78
20.49
5.1
Atok
4.9
6.1
5.88
5.46
22.34
5.6
Bakun
5.2
5.75
5.99
3.43
20.37
5.1
TOTAL
21
MEAN
4.2
5.3
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
34
Appendix Table 3. Final height of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertilizers at
110 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I II III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
19.84
22.31
22.75
64.90
21.63
T1
20.70
25.96
24.83
71.49
23.83
T2
29.93
23.99
35.65
89.57
29.85
T3
22.90
24.55
31.40
78.85
26.28
V2TO
23.05
25.60
27.05
75.70
25.23
T1
29.35
24.92
29.85
84.12
28.04
T2
29.05
24.89
31.94
85.88
28.62
T3
24.88
24.74
28.91
78.53
26.17
V3TO
26.30
24.68
28.28
79.26
26.42
T1
25,05
21.64
21.11
67.80
22.60
T2
27.20
24.00
25.25
76.45
25.48
T3
22.50
26.26
27.11
75.87
25.29
V4TO
24.80
23.92
32.90
81.62
27.20
T1
26.75
27.91
32.23
86.89
28.96
T2
29.85
33.36
33.36
96.57
32.19
T3
22.50
29.40
21.50
73.40
24.46
V5TO
26.69
30.73
28.46
85.88
28.62
T1
24.60
29.31
26.76
80.67
26.89
T2
29.20
29.12
0.00
87.03
29.01
T3
25.45
27.40
28.71
52.85
17.61
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURDE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
23.41
11.70
Treatment
19
486.15
25.58
1.03ns
1,03
2.44
Factor (a)
4
96.04
24.01
0.97ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
11.55
3.85
0.15ns
1.85
4.34
A x B
12
378.55
31.54
1.27ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
942.97
24.81
TOTAL
59
1452.54
ns- Not Significant
CV= 18.99%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
35
TWO-WAY TABLE
OGANIC FETILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
21.63
23.83
29.85
26.28
101.59
25
.
Putaw
25.23
28.04
28.62
26.17
108.06
27
Aknapan
26.42
22.6
25.48
25.29
99.79
25
Atok
27.20
28.96
32.19
24.46
112.81
28
Bakun
28.62
26.89
29.01
17.61
102.13
26
TOTAL
524
132
MEAN
105
26
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
36
Appendix Table 4. Number of seeds per pods of five peanut entries as affected by organic
fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
3
3
3
9
3
T1
3
3
3
9
3
T2
3
3
3
9
3
T3
3
2
3
8
3
V2TO
2
2
2
6
2
T1
2
2
2
6
2
T2
2
2
2
6
2
T3
3
3
2
8
3
V3TO
2
3
3
9
3
T1
3
2
2
7
2
T2
3
2
2
7
2
T3
2
2
2
6
2
V4TO
2
3
2
7
2
T1
3
3
3
9
3
T2
3
3
2
8
3
T3
3
3
3
9
3
V5TO
3
2
2
7
2
T1
3
2
2
7
2
T2
3
2
2
7
2
T3
3
2
2
7
2
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
1.23
.61
Treatment
19
5.56
2.56
Factor (a)
4
.183
1.39
11.09**
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
3.23
0.06
.48ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
4.67
.26
2.14*
2.02
2.69
Error
38
3.56
.12
TOTAL
59
14.98
ns- Not Significant
CV= 14.07%
** - highly significant
* - Significant
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
37
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC
MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST
TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
3
3
3
3
12
3
.
Putaw
2
2
2
3
9
2
Aknapan
3
2
2
2
10
2
Atok
2
3
3
3
11
3
Bakun
2
2
2
2
10
2
TOTAL
50
13
MEAN
10
3
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
38
Appendix Table 5. Number of marketable seeds of five peanut entries as affected by
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
82
68
55
205
68
T1
194
67
37
298
99
T2
123
107
78
308
103
T3
125
81
32
238
79
V2TO
122
111
5
238
79
T1
125
84
65
274
91
T2
202
119
65
386
129
T3
125
81
32
238
79
V3TO
113
80
74
267
89
T1
108
80
61
249
83
T2
77
67
61
205
68
T3
108
73
83
264
88
V4TO
60
66
27
153
51
T1
116
80
55
251
84
T2
91
91
33
215
72
T3
75
64
60
199
66
V5TO
125
103
44
272
91
T1
67
78
64
209
70
T2
103
85
80
268
89
T3
128
84
0
212
71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
39592.13 19796.06
Treatment
19
15582.82
820.12
1.28ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
4603.90
1150.97
1.79ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
2717.38
905.79
1.41ns
1.85
4.34
A x B
12
8261.03
688.41
1.07ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
24392.53
641.90
TOTAL
59
79566.98
ns- Not Significant
CV= 30.72%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
39
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
68
99
103
79
350
87
.
Putaw
79
91
129
79
379
95
Aknapan
89
83
68
88
328
82
Atok
51
84
72
66
273
68
Bakun
91
70
89
71
320
80
.
TOTAL
427
461
384
1650
412
MEAN
142
154
128
330
83
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
40
Appendix Table 6. Weight of marketable seeds of five peanut entries as affected by
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
200
180
100
480
160
T1
220
140
170
530
176
T2
330
260
170
760
253
T3
135
120
200
455
151
V2TO
275
280
120
675
225
T1
270
200
145
615
205
T2
205
260
150
615
205
T3
270
140
060
470
156
V3TO
290
200
150
640
213
T1
230
180
145
555
185
T2
295
180
150
535
178
T3
250
175
170
595
198
V4TO
150
180
050
380
126
T1
140
200
140
480
160
T2
245
240
065
550
183
T3
190
160
150
500
166
V5TO
322
240
090
652
217
T1
180
130
062
372
124
T2
240
200
165
605
201
T3
300
190
0.00
490
163
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
.12
.06
25.77ns
2.42
Treatment
19
.16
.87
1.12ns
2.42
Factor (a)
4
.01
.03
1.19ns
1.86
2.42
Factor (b)
3
.01
.04
1.86ns
1.86
2.42
A x B
12
.03
.03
1.27ns
1.86
2.42
Error
38
09
.02
TOTAL
59
.27
ns- Not significant
CV= 26.81%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
41
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
16
176
253
151
740
16
.
Putaw
225
205
205
156
791
19
Aknapan
213
185
178
198
774
94
Atok
126
16
183
166
635
16
Bakun
217
124
201
163
705
18
TOTAL
3645
163
MEAN
729
33
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
42
Appendix Table 7. Number of non-marketable pods per plot of five peanut entries as
affected by organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
53
35
58
146
47
T1
20
53
72
145
48
T2
40
31
71
142
47
T3
29
63
66
158
53
V2TO
19
51
58
128
43
T1
19
45
40
104
35
T2
17
40
60
117
39
T3
37
73
97
207
69
V3TO
45
41
60
146
49
T1
39
64
42
145
48
T2
48
34
56
138
46
T3
36
53
50
139
46
V4TO
64
64
88
216
72
T1
17
61
71
149
50
T2
45
49
89
183
61
T3
36
89
49
174
58
V5TO
50
46
77
173
58
T1
47
70
56
173
58
T2
34
50
61
145
48
T3
32
45
0
77
26
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
6330.53
3165.26
Treatment
19
6615.25
348.17
1.46ns
1.87
2.44
Factor (a)
4
1578.66
394.66
1.65ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
352.05
117.35
0.49ns
1.85
4.34
A x B
12
4684.53
390.37
1.63ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
9076.80
238.86
TOTAL
59
22022.58
ns- Not significant
CV= 30.86%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
43
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
49
48
47
53
58
14
.
Putaw
43
35
39
69
58
14
Aknapan
49
48
46
46
58
14
Atok
72
50
61
58
58
14
Bakun
58
58
48
26
58
14
TOTAL
189
72
MEAN
38
14
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
44
Appendix Table 8. Weight of non-marketable pods per plot (g) of five peanut as affected
by organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
82
68
55
205
68
T1
94
67
37
295
98
T2
123
107
78
308
102
T3
75
59
91
225
75
V2TO
122
111
5
238
79
T1
125
84
65
274
91
T2
202
119
65
386
128
T3
125
81
32
238
79
V3TO
113
80
74
267
89
T1
108
80
61
249
83
T2
77
67
61
205
68
T3
108
73
83
264
88
V4TO
60
66
27
153
51
T1
116
80
55
251
83
T2
91
91
33
215
71
T3
75
64
60
199
66
V5TO
125
103
44
272
90
T1
67
78
64
209
69
T2
103
85
80
268
89
T3
128
84
0
212
70
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
.03
.01
26.96ns
Treatment
19
.16
.87
1.12ns
Factor (a)
4
.05
.01
1.64ns
1.86
2.42
Factor (b)
3
.04
.01
1.72ns
1.86
2.42
A x B
12
.8
.01
.99ns
1.86
2.42
Error
38
.02
.01
TOTAL
59
.081
ns- Not significant
CV= 32.43%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
45
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
68
98
102
75
343
100
.
Putaw
79
91
128
79
377
100
Aknapan
89
83
68
88
328
100
Atok
51
83
71
66
271
100
Bakun
90
69
89
70
318
100
TOTAL
1637
500
MEAN
300
100
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
46
Appendix Table 9. Total plot yield of five peanut entries as affected by organic fertilizers
by organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
282
248
155
685
228
T1
414
207
207
825
275
T2
453
367
248
1.06
356
T3
210
179
291
680
226
V2TO
397
391
125
913
304
T1
395
284
210
889
296
T2
407
379
215
1.00
333
T3
950
221
920
708
236
V3TO
403
280
224
907
302
T1
338
260
206
804
268
T2
282
247
211
740
246
T3
358
248
253
859
286
V4TO
210
246
770
533
177
T1
256
280
195
731
243
T2
336
331
980
765
255
T3
265
224
210
699
233
V5TO
447
343
134
924
308
T1
247
208
126
581
193
T2
343
285
245
873
291
T3
428
274
0.00
702
234
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
.28
.14
Treatment
19
Factor (a)
4
.02
.07
1.61ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
.0
.08
1.79ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
.06
.05
1.24ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
.16
.04
TOTAL
59
.564
ns- Not significant
CV= 25.03%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
47
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
TOTAL MEAN
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS BSU-
MUSHROOM
ORGANIC
COMPOST
FERTILIZER
Bisaw
228
275
356
226
1085
271
.
Putaw
304
296
333
236
1169
292
Aknapan 302
268
246
286
1102
276
Atok
177
243
255
233
908
227
Bakun
308
193
291
234
1026
257
TOTAL
5290
1323
MEAN
1058
265
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
48
Appendix Table 10. Computed yield per hectare of five peanut as affected by organic
fertilizers
TREATMENT
BLOCK
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
V1TO
564
496
310
1370
456
T1
828
414
414
1656
552
T2
906
734
828
2468
822
T3
420
358
582
1360
453
V2TO
794
782
250
1826
608
T1
790
568
420
1778
592
T2
814
758
430
2002
667
T3
794
442
184
1420
473
V3TO
806
560
448
1814
604
T1
676
520
412
1608
536
T2
564
494
422
1480
493
T3
716
496
506
1718
572
V4TO
420
492
154
1066
355
T1
512
560
390
1462
487
T2
672
662
196
1530
510
T3
530
448
420
1422
474
V5TO
894
686
268
1848
616
T1
494
416
252
1162
387
T2
686
570
490
1746
582
T3
856
548
0.00
1404
468
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE SQUARE
F
5%
1%
FREEDOM
Replication
2
1.01
.50
Treatment
19
Factor (a)
4
0.13
.03
1.76ns
2.62
3.86
Factor (b)
3
.14
.04
2.49ns
2.85
4.34
A x B
12
.35
.02
1.57ns
2.02
2.69
Error
38
.71
.01
TOTAL
59
2.53
ns- Not significant
CV= 25.61%
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
49
TWO-WAY TABLE
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BSU-
ORGANIC MUSHROOM
ENTRY CONTROL ALNUS FERTILIZER COMPOST TOTAL MEAN
Bisaw
.456
.552
.822
.453
2.283
.6
.
Putaw
.608
.592
.667
.473
2.34
.6
Aknapan
.604
.536
.493
.572
2.21
.6
Atok
.355
.487
.51
.474
1.83
.5
Bakun
.616
.387
.582
.468
2.1
.5
TOTAL
10.763
2.8
MEAN
2.1
.56
Growth and Yield Response of Peanut Entries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under
Kapangan, Benguet Condition. GUIDAO-EN, MARSCIAL L. APRIL 2011
Document Outline
- Growth and Yield Response of PeanutEntries Applied with Organic Fertilizers under Kapangan, Benguet Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES