BIBLIOGRAPHY BALANGAY, JACOB L....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BALANGAY, JACOB L. APRIL 2010. Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines
under Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition. Benguet State University.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Seven pigeon pea lines from Batac, Ilocos Norte and from Tuba and Kapangan,
Benguet were used in the study.
The study aimed to determine the growth and yield of different pigeon pea lines
and to select the best line suited at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet.
ICPL 7035-9 is the best performing line in terms of yield, resistance to disease
and ROCE at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………
i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………… i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………. ii
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Soil and Water Requirements……………………………………….. 3
Climatic Requirements ………………………………………………. 3
Varietal Evaluation …………………………………………………... 3
Fertilization ………………………………………………………….. 4
Insects and Diseases …………………………………………………. 5
Postharvest Practices ………………………………………………… 5
MATERIALS AND METHODS ………………………………………………. 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Climatic Data ………………………………………………………... 10
Plant Height at 35 DAP and at Flowering …….……………………... 11
Number of Days from Planting to Flowering ……………………...... 12
Number of Days from Planting to
Pod Setting ………………………………………………………….. 12
Number of Flower Cluster per Plant ………………………………… 13
Number of Flower per Cluster ………………………………………. 13
Length of Pods ……………………………………………………… 14
ii
Number of Seed Zone ….…………………………………………..... 14
Reaction to Bean Rust ………………………………………………. 16
Reaction to Pod Borer……………………………………………….. 16
Fresh Seed Yield…..………………………………………………..... 17
Dry Seed Yield………………………………………………………. 17
Weight of 100 Seeds...……………………………………………….. 17
Return on Cash Expenses …………………………………………… 19
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary ……………………………………………………………. 20
Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 21
Recommendation ……………………………………………………. 21
LITERATURE CITED ………………………………………………………… 22
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………….. 24
iii
INTRODUCTION
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) belongs to the family Leguminoseae. It is
a perennial legume shrub and locally called “cadios or cardis”. It is a grain legume of
considerable importance in India and is grown in many other tropical countries from 30o
north to 30o south (Saxena et al., 1983).It is known for its many uses. Pigeon pea pods are
for human consumption, pod husk and leaves for animal fodder, and sticks for firewood
(Rocheleau et al., 1988). Clearly, pigeon pea is a major pulse crop.
In the Philippines, pigeon pea is found in settled areas, being cultivated and semi
cultivated. It is regarded as a “poor man’s crop” and it is used both as food and forage or
cover crop. However, the development of new processed products from pigeon pea may
jumpstart its utilization as an affordable alternative to meat-based protein and as a source
of additional income for small holder farmers and rural households.
As cited by PCARRD (1999) pigeon pea is commonly known as a source of seeds
for food and it is popular in Northern Luzon as an essential ingredient in “pinakbet”. Its
seeds contain 20% to 25% protein, rich in carbohydrates and minerals (Saxena et al.,
1983). However, cultivation is limited to home gardens, backyards or hilly areas
(PCARRD, 1999).
According to some studies, the principal constraint in growing pigeon pea as a
major crop is low yield (Saxena et al., 1983). Recently developed extra-short duration
cultivars are relatively less sensitive to photoperiod which enables their cultivation up to
45o north latitude (ICRISAT, 2008).
Dar (2008) cited that in this time of threatened food security, particularly at this
time of rice shortage, harnessing the potentials of dry land areas is most appropriate. To
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
2
mitigate this problem, the source of carbohydrates and protein in our diet should be
diversified. Root crops which could provide additional carbohydrates and legumes like
pigeon pea which is rich in protein could be grown in many parts of the country. In this
case, it is needed to reinvigorate the legumes industry in the Philippines through large
scale production of suitable and high yielding pigeon pea lines to improve productivity
and income of the farmers. However, local growers cannot exactly identify a variety
which gives high quality seed yield and give good profit to farmers. It is therefore,
important to evaluate some of the available varieties of the crop that could suit the
conditions in a certain locality.
Some farmers in Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet are planting pigeon pea in their farms
especially in “kaingin” farms. However, this is not for commercial purposes but for food.
In view of this situation, it is very challenging to undertake this study to evaluate
different pigeon pea lines to promote this crop in the locality in order that the farmers will
plant pigeon pea not only for food but also for income.
The study was conducted to determine the growth and yield of different pigeon
pea lines and to select the best pigeon pea line suited at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet
condition.
The study was conducted at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet from October 2008 to May
2009.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Soil and Water Requirement
The crop can be grown on a wide range of soil type from lighter loams to the
heavy clay with soil pH range from 5.0 to 7.0 and is sensitive to salinity. Above 29oC,
soil moisture and fertility need to be adequate. Pigeon pea has an optimum rainfall
ranging from 600 to 1000 mm per year and water logging is harmful (CGPRT, 1990).
Climatic Requirements
Pigeon pea is very heat tolerant and prefers hot moist conditions. This crop
thrives in an area with a temperature ranges from 18oC to 30oC but can grow at
temperature above 35oC under adequate soil moisture and fertility (CGPRT, 1990).
Pigeon pea can grow between latitudes 30o south and 30o north at elevations ranging from
sea level to 2000 meters and it is mainly grown in developing countries in areas prone to
growth on degraded soils (ICRISAT, 2008)
According to PAGASA Baguio as cited by Carbonel (2008) the elevation of
Taloy Sur, Tuba is 600 meters above sea level with temperature ranging from 18oC to
30oC and having a relative humidity of 54-71%.
Varietal Evaluation
To determine the high yielding varieties, varietals evaluation is important because
varieties had different potentials (Shresta, 1989).
Bautista and Mabesa (1977) suggested that variety to be selected should be high
yielding, resistant to pest and disease, early maturing and there traits could make possible
the growing of the crop less expensive and more production. In addition, Cagampang and
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
4
Lantican (1977) observed that the choice of variety is important. They further suggested
that many instance, the wise use of improved variety has resulted to tremendous increase
in yield. Rasco and Amante (1994) reported that farmers already accept new improved
variety because it fits in their traditional variety, but it may stop growing if the consumers
are not willing to buy it.
Sugui, Rasalan, and Tadena of MMSU did an evaluation on field performance of
eight pigeon pea lines at Ilocos Norte from 1996 to 1997 (PCARRD, 1999). Differences
were observed in terms of seed yield per hectare, width of seeds, pod length, days to
flowering and days to maturity. It was observed that ICPL 87 a locally grown variety was
the earliest to flower and to mature than the other pigeon pea varieties evaluated.
A
characterization
and
evaluation on pigeon pea accessions at Datakan,
Kapangan, Benguet was done by Tonged (2008). Significant differences were observed
on the morphological characters of the eight pigeon pea accessions. It was observed that
the different pigeon pea accessions differed in the number of days to flowering, pod
setting, seed weight and yield, raceme number and initial and final plant height.
“Seng-ewan” a locally grown variety was observed to be the best performing
accession in terms of growth and yield performance among the eight pigeon pea
accessions that were characterized and evaluated.
Fertilization
Fertilizers are not applied to pigeon pea in traditional systems, perhaps due to the
wrong belief that it does not respond to fertilizers. Fertilizers are usually applied to
pigeon pea at sowing. Pigeon pea seedlings depend on soil-nitrogen in its early stages. So
pigeon peas do respond to a “starter dose” of 15 to 20 kg N/ha. Phosphorus is the most
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
5
frequently limiting nutrient and application of 17 to 26 kg P/ha gave higher yield than no
application. Placement of P fertilizer at a depth of 10 to 15 cm increase in yield by 35%
over broadcast application.
Insects and Diseases
In the characterization and evaluation of pigeon pea accessions at Datakan,
Kapangan, Benguet by Tonged (2008), legume pod borer and bean rust was the common
pest and diseases observed. Legume pod borer was noted to be mild resistant to some
pigeon pea accessions and bean rust was recorded susceptible and moderately resistant.
Postharvest Practices
After harvest, mature pods are threshed usually by hand as practice by small
growing farmers. In large producing areas, threshing is usually done by animals or
machines. Processing includes dhal making, either wet or dry by milling (CGPRT, 1990).
Dhal is a thick Indian stew made from pulses, onions and spices.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 210 square meters was properly prepared and divided into 21 plots,
each plot measuring 1m x 10m. The experiment was laid out using randomized complete
block design (RCBD) with three replications.
The seeds were sown in a single row plot following a distance of 1m x 1m
between plants at 3 seeds per hill.
Treatment
The pigeon pea lines used in the study were the following:
LINES
SOURCE
T1
“Taloy 1” (check)
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet
T2
“Seng-ewan
Datakan,
Kapangan,
Benguet
T3
ICPL
87034
MMSU
T4
ICPL
88039
MMSU
T5
ICPL
8863-10
MMSU
T6
ICPL
7035-9
MMSU
T7
ICPL
87119-8
MMSU
To ensure good growth and yield, cultural management practices such as
irrigation, weeding, side dressing, hilling-up and insect and disease control were strictly
observed. Compost was applied at the rate of three tons per hectare before planting.
Irrigation was done two times a week from planting until the vegetative stage and
also the weeds were removed during vegetative stage because they were competitive on
the nutrients taken by the plants. No control measures were done on diseases because the
plants were resistant to rust while cutworms were removed manually.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
7
Data Gathered
1. Climatic data. Temperature, relative humidity, sunshine and rainfall were taken
from PAGASA, Baguio.
2. Plant height at 35 days after planting (cm). The initial and final plant height
was measured from the cotyledon scar to the tip of the plant from three sample plant in
each plot. Initial plant height will be measured 5 weeks after planting
3. Plant height to flowering (cm). This was taken by measuring three sample
plants in each plot when at least 50% of the total plant per plot had developed flowers.
4. Days to flowering. This was recorded by counting the number of days from
6. Number of flowers per cluster. This was recorded by counting the number of
planting when at least 50% of plant per plot had fully opened flowers.
5. Number of flower cluster per plant. This was recorded by counting the n umber
of flower cluster in three random sample plants per plot. flowers per cluster of three
random sample plants per plot.
7. Days to pod setting. This was recorded by counting the number of days from
planting until flower petals fell and pods began to show.
8. Number of seeds zone. The number of seeds per pod (developed or
undeveloped) was counted from ten random sample pods per plot.
9. Length of pods (cm). Ten sample pods from the largest fully expanded
immature pods were picked at random from each plot and they were measured from the
base to the tip of the pod.
10. Weight of hundred seeds (g). The seed yield was obtained by weighing the
weight of 100 seeds at 12-14% moisture content.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
8
11. Fresh seed yield. This was recorded by determining the weight of all seeds of
ten sample plants.
12. Dry seed yield. This was recorded by determining the weight of all dry seeds
of ten sample plants.
13. Return on cash expenses (ROCE). This was computed using the following
formula:
ROCE=
Net Profit x 100
Total Cost of Production
14. Pest and Disease Rating
a. Reaction to legume pod borer. The reaction of infestation of legume pod borer
was obtained using the following rating scale (ICRISAT/IBPGR, 1993):
Rating scale Description
Remarks
1 No
infestation
highly
resistant
2
25% of the total plants were infested
Mild resistant
3
26-50% of the total plants was infested
moderately resistant
4
51-75% of the total plants was infested
Susceptible
5
76-100% of the total plant was infested
very susceptible
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
9
b. Reaction to bean rust. The reaction of infestation of bean rust was obtained
using the following rating scale (ICRISAT/IBPGR, 1993):
Rating scale Description
Remarks
1 No
infection
highly
resistant
2
25% of the total plants were infected
Mild resistant
3
26-50% of the total plants was infected
moderately resistant
4
51-75% of the total plants was infected
Susceptible
5
76-100% of the total plant was infected
very susceptible
Analysis of Data
All quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
RCBD. The significance of difference among treatment means were tested using
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSION
Agroclimatic Data
Table 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity and rainfall during the conduct
of the study. Temperature ranged from 25.5oC to 27oC. Highest temperature was recorded
in March (27oC) and the lowest was on April and November (25.5oC). On relative
humidity, April has the highest at 90% and the lowest was on the month of December
with 82% relative humidity. The highest amount of rainfall was recorded also on the
month of May and April and the lowest was on the month of January. High amount of
rainfall makes the plants robust and have good flowering performance.
Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall during the conduct of the study from
October 2008 to May 2009
MONTH
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
(oC)
HUMIDITY (%)
(mm)
________________________________________________________________________
October
25.70
89.00
178.11
November
25.50
86.00
86.64
December
26.30
82.00
23.70
January
26.40
85.00
12.16
February
26.80
85.25
64.53
March
27.00
88.00
82.91
April
25.50
90.00
407.33
May
26.70
88.00
436.43
________________________________________________________________________
MEAN
26.90
86.75
161.47
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
11
The temperature during the conduct of the study is favorable for growing pigeon
pea since the plants can thrive in areas where temperature ranges from 18 to 30oC
(CGPRT, 1990).
Plant height at 35 DAP and at Flowering
Table 2 shows the height of the plants at 35 DAP and at flowering. Among the
different pigeon pea lines, “Seng-ewan” and “Taloy 1” significantly had the tallest plants
at 35 DAP (10.06 cm and 9.99 cm, respectively). ICPL 87034 produced the shortest
plants at 6.99 cm. On the plant height at flowering, the local pigeon pea line from
Kapangan (Seng-ewan) were the tallest plants at flowering (134.35 cm) while “Taloy 1”
turned to be one of the shortest (57.46 cm) together with ICPL 87034 (58.60 cm).
Table 2. Plant height at 35 DAP and at flowering of seven pigeon pea lines
LINE
HEIGHT (cm)
35 DAP
FLOWERING
________________________________________________________________________
Taloy 1
9.99a
57.46c
Seng-ewan
10.06a
134.5a
ICPL 87034
6.99b
58.60c
ICPL 88039
7.12b
80.45b
ICPL 8863-10
7.35b 97.33b
ICPL 7035-9
7.40b
59.25c
ICPL 87119-8
7.96b
100.74b
________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
6.72
14.5
*Means with common letters are not significantly different at 0.05 by DMRT
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
12
The differences in plant height at flowering of the plants could be attributed to the
varietal characteristics of the lines and their adaptability to the locality.
Number of Days from Planting to Flowering
Among the seven pigeon pea lines observed, ICPL 87034 was the earliest to bear
flowers at 92 days after planting while “Seng-ewan” and ICPL 87119-8 were observed to
be the latest to bear flowers (Table 3).
The differences on the number of days from planting to flowering of the
accessions could be attributed to their varietal characteristics.
Number of Days from Planting to Pod Setting
The pods of “Seng-ewan”, “Taloy 1” and ICPL 7035-9 became visible in four
days from flowering while the rest of the lines took only three days to produce pods
(Table 3).
Table 3. Number of days from planting to flowering and pod setting of seven pigeon pea
lines
LINE
NUMBER OF DAYS TO
FLOWERING
POD SETTING
________________________________________________________________________
Taloy
1
105
109
Seng-ewan
147
151
ICPL 87034
92
95
ICPL 88039
95
98
ICPL
8863-10 142
145
ICPL 7035-9
97
101
ICPL
8119-8
139
142
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
13
Number of Flower Cluster per Plant
Highly significant differences were observed among the pigeon pea lines on the
number of flower cluster per plant. “Seng-ewan” was observed to have the highest
number of flower cluster (108) while “Taloy 1” had the lowest (21). The differences on
the number of flower cluster were due to the growth performance of the plants. More
flower cluster per plant produced would potentially mean more pods and high yield.
Number of Flower per Cluster
As shown in Table 4, the two local lines “Taloy 1” and “Seng-ewan” produced
the highest number of flowers per cluster followed by ICPL 7035-9 which produced 10
flowers per cluster.
Table 4. Number of flower cluster per plant and flower per cluster of seven pigeon pea
lines
LINE
NUMBER OF FLOWER
CLUSTER PER PLANT
PER CLUSTER
________________________________________________________________________
Taloy 1
21c
11a
Seng-ewan
108a
11a
ICPL 87034
32c
9b
ICPL 88039
51b
9b
ICPL 8863-10
73b
9b
ICPL 7035-9
26c
10b
ICPL 87119-8
81b
8b
________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
23.11
3.28
*Means with common letters are not significantly different at 0.05 by DMRT
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
14
The other lines were also comparable to each other with a mean ranging from 8 to
9 flowers per cluster. Differences on the number of flower per cluster could be attributed
to the varietal characteristics and on the adaptability of the lines in the place of study.
Length of Pods
Highly significant differences were observed among the pigeon pea lines on the
length of pods as presented in Table 5. ICPL 7035-9 significantly had the longest pod
(8.04 cm), followed by “Taloy 1” and “Seng-ewan” (7.53 and 7.39 cm, respectively).
ICPL 87119-8 produced the shortest pod (5.28 cm) but comparable to ICPL 8863-10
(5.43 cm). Figure 1 presents the pods of four pigeon pea lines.
Number of Seed Zone
Highly significant differences were observed on the number of seed zones of
seven pigeon pea lines (Table 6). “Taloy 1” significantly had the highest number of seed
zones with mean of 5.33 followed by ICPL 7035-9 and “Seng-ewan” with means of 4.63
and 4.50, respectively. Having high number of seed zones would potentially mean more
seeds and higher weight of pods.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
15
Table 5. Length of pods and number of seed zones of the seven pigeon pea lines
LINE
LENGTH
OF
NUMBER
OF
SEED
POD (cm)
ZONE
Taloy 1
7.53a 5.33a
Seng-ewan
7.39a 4.50b
ICPL 87034
6.51b 3.60c
ICPL 88039
6.60b 3.50c
ICPL 8863-10
5.43c 3.40c
ICPL 7035-9
8.04a 4.63b
ICPL 87119-8
5.28c 3.30c
________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
5.98
6.97
*Means with common letters are not significantly different at 0.05 by DMRT
ICPL 7035-9
TALOY 1
ICPL 88039
ICPL 87034
Figure 1. Pods of four pigeon pea lines
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
16
Reaction to Bean Rust
As shown in Table 7, “Taloy 1”, “Seng-ewan”, ICPL 88039, ICPL 7035-9 and
ICPL 87119-8 had high resistance to bean rust at 90 DAP and 120 DAP. ICPL 87034 and
ICPL 8863-10 exhibited mild resistance at 90 DAP and became moderately resistant at
120 DAP.
Reaction to Pod Borer
“Taloy 1” was observed to be moderately resistant to pod borer while ICPL
87034, ICPL 88039 and ICPL 7035-9 showed mild resistance to pod borer.
Table 6. Bean rust and pod borer rating of seven pigeon pea lines
LINE
BEAN RUST RATING AT
POD BORER
90 DAP
120 DAP RATING AT 120 DAP
________________________________________________________________________
Taloy 1
1b
1c
3a
Seng-ewan
1b
1c
-
ICPL 87034
2a
3a
2b
ICPL 88039
1b
2b
2b
ICPL 8863-10
2a
3a
-
ICPL 7035-9
1b
1c
2b
ICPL 87119-8
1b
1c
-
________________________________________________________________________
CV
(%)
46.52
13.09
16.37
*Means with common letters are not significantly different at 0.05 by DMRT
- No pods at 120 days after planting
Legend: 1- highly resistant
4- susceptible
2- Mildly resistant
5- very susceptible
3- Moderately resistant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
17
Fresh Seed yield
As shown in Table 7, ICPL 7035-9 produced the heaviest fresh seed yield at
141.67g. “Taloy1” produced the lowest fresh seed yield having a weight of 49.67g. The
differences on the fresh seed yield of the plants could be attributed to the growth
performances of the plant like short height, number of flowers, size of the seeds (Figure
2), and number of seeds per pod of the plants. Low fresh seed yield could also be
attributed to the shedding of flowers that resulted to small number of pods developed. No
seeds were harvested from “Seng-ewan”, ICPL 87119-8 and ICPL 8863-10 because the
plants were destroyed by typhoon “Emong” during pod and seed development.
Dry Seed Yield
Highly significant differences were observed on the dry seed yield of the seven
pigeon pea lines. ICPL 7035-9 significantly had the highest dry seed yield with a mean
weight of 34.50g. “Taloy 1” had the lowest dry seed yield (21.47 g). Low dry seed yield
could be attributed to the size of the seeds, resistance to pod borer and the weather
condition during production.
Weight of 100 Seeds
Highly significant differences were observed on the weight of 100 seeds. “Taloy
1” significantly produced the heaviest 100 dry seed weight of 13.07g but comparable to
ICPL 7035-9 (13.00g). The weight of 100 seeds from ICPL 87034 and ICPL 88039 are
also comparable to each other. The other lines were not able to produce dry seeds because
the plants were destroyed by typhoon “Emong”. Bad weather condition can obviously
lead to some experimental failure.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
18
Table 7.Fresh and dry seed yield and weight of 100 seeds of seven pigeon pea lines
LINE
FRESH SEED
DRY SEED
WEIGHT OF 100
YIELD (g)
YIELD (g)
SEEDS (g)
________________________________________________________________________
Taloy 1
49.67b
21.47b
13.07a
Seng-ewan
-
-
-
ICPL 87034
123.33a
26.17b
11.13b
ICPL 88039
111.67a
25.03b
11.90b
ICPL 8863-10
-
-
-
ICPL 7035-9
141.67a
34.50a
13.00a
ICPL 87119-8
-
-
-
________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
48.86
20.54
1.07
* Means with common letters are not significantly different at 0.05 by DMRT
- Destroyed by typhoon “Emong” during pod and seed development
ICPL 7035-9
ICPL 87034
ICPL 88039
TALOY
1
Figure 2. Fresh seeds of four pigeon pea lines
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
19
Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)
The return on cash expenses of seven pigeon pea lines is shown in Table 8. ICPL
7035-9 have the highest ROCE of 86.35% followed by ICPL 87034 and ICPL 88039. On
the other hand, “Taloy 1” had the lowest ROCE of -34.38%. Low gross sale and yield in
“Taloy 1” resulted to negative ROCE. ”Seng-ewan”, ICPL 87119-8 and ICPL 8863-10
have zero ROCE since they did not have seed yield. It appears that the moderate
resistance of the different lines to pod borer reduced seed yield resulting to low ROCE.
Table 8. Return on cash expenses of seven pigeon pea lines
LINE TOTAL YIELD OF
VARIABLE GROSS NET ROCE
FRESH SEED (kg) COST (Php)- SALE(Php)+ INCOME %
________________________________________________________________________
Taloy 1
0.50
3.81
2.5
-1.31 -34.38
Seng-ewan
-
3.81
-
-
-
ICPL 87034
0.123
3.81
6.15 2.34 61.41
ICPL 88039
0.112
3.81
5.6 1.79 46.98
ICPL 8863-10
-
3.81
- -
-
ICPL 7035-9
0.142
3.81
7.1 3.29 86.35
ICPL 87119-8
-
3.81
- - -
-Variable cost include only compost fertilizer used
+ Sales was based on the average of P50.00 per kilo
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet from October 2008 to May
2009 to determine the growth and yield of different pigeon pea lines and to select the best
line suited at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet condition.
During the conduct of the study, temperature ranged from 25.5 to 27oC which was
favorable for growing pigeon pea.
Highly significant differences were observed among the lines in terms of plant
height at 35 DAP and at flowering, weight of 100 seeds and dry and fresh seed yield. The
two local lines produced the tallest plants at 35 DAP. However, because “Seng-ewan” is
the latest to bear flowers at 147 days, it produced the tallest plants at flowering. “Taloy 1”
was the shortest plant but comparable to ICPL 87034 and ICPL 7035-9. ICPL 87034 and
ICPL 7035-9 were the earliest to bear flowers at more than 92 days.
Only four pigeon pea lines have produced dry and fresh seed yield. These are
ICPL 7035-9, ICPL 87034, ICPL 88039 and “Taloy 1”. On the other hand, “Seng-ewan”,
ICPL 87119-8 and ICPL 8863-10 were not able to produce yield due to the typhoon that
occurred during pod and seed development. ICPL 7035-9 produced high dry and fresh
seed yield as well as ROCE followed by ICPL 87034 and ICPL 88039. On the other
hand, “Taloy 1” produced the lowest dry and fresh seed yield as well as ROCE.
In terms of the reaction to pests and diseases, pigeon pea lines “Seng-ewan”,
“Taloy 1”, ICPL 88039, ICPL 7035-9 and ICPL 87119-8 had high resistance to bean rust
at 90 to 120 DAP while the rest exhibited mild resistance at 90 DAP and became
moderately resistant at 120 DAP. However, “Taloy 1” was observed to be moderately
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
21
resistant to pod borer at 120 DAP while ICPL 7035-9, ICPL 87034 and ICPL 88039 had
mild resistance against the same pest.
Conclusion
Based on the results, ICPL 7035-9 is the best performing line in terms of yield,
resistant to pest, and ROCE. Thus ICPL 7035-9 is suited at Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet.
Recommendation
Short duration pigeon pea lines like ICPL 7035-9 could be recommended to
farmers at Taloy Sur, Tuba but for more yield and profit the plants should be planted as
early as July or August.
“Seng-ewan” could be a potential alternative if no strong typhoon occurs in the
area during pod-filling stage.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
22
LITERATURE CITED
BAUTISTA, O. F. and R. C. MABESA, 1977. Vegetable production. University of the
Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna. College of Agriculture. UPLB. Pp. 21-22.
CAGAMPANG, I. C. and H. C. LANTICAN. 1977. Field Production Guidelines in the
Philippines. Multi-cropping source book. UPLB, College, Laguna. P. 177.
CARBONEL, V. 2008. Rooting Performance of Different Yam Vine Cutting under Tuba,
Benguet condition. B.S. Thesis. Benguet State University. La Trinidad, Benguet.
P. 3
COARSE GRAINS, PULSES, ROOTS AND TUBER CROPS IN THE HUMID
TROPICS OF ASIA AND PACIFIC.1990. Plant Resources of South-east Asia I.
ESCAP CGPRT centre. Bogor, Indonesia. Pp. 39-42.
DAR, W., 2008. In Praise of Pigeon Pea. The Manila Bulletin online. Retrieved January8,
2008 from http://www.mb.com.ph/issue/2008/05/03/AGRI20080503123445.html
INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI ARID
TROPICS. 2008. Learning Modules: Pigeon Peas. Retrieved from
http://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/pigeonpea/prod_prctices.html
INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI ARID
TROPICS. 2008. Pigeon pea (En), Pois d’Angole (Fr), Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
Retrieved from http://www.icrisat.org/tex/coolstuff/crops/gcrops6.html
INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI ARID
TROPICS, EASTERN AND SOUTH AFRICA REGION, 2008. The Eastern and
South Africa Region. Retrieved February 16, 2008 from
http://www.icrisat.org/ESA/region.htm
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL
RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 1999. Highlights ’98.
Department of Science and Technology. Los Baňos, Laguna. P.56
RASCO, E. T. Jr. and V. R. AMANTE, 1994. Sweet Potato Variety Evaluation South-
east Asia, program for Potato Research and Development (SAPPRAD). Laguna.
Vol. 1. P.42
ROCHELEAU, D., WEBER, F. and A. FIELD-JUMA, 1988. Agro forestry in Dry lands
Africa. Nairobe, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agro forestry
(ICRAF).P. 218
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
23
SAXENA, N.P., M. NATARAJAN, and M.S. REDDY, 1983.Symposium on Potential
Productivity of Field Crops under Different Environment. Los Banos, Laguna,
Philippines. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Pp. 288, 292-294
SHRESTA, M. L., 1989. Varietal Response of Bush Beans to Fertilization and
Inoculation. MS Thesis. Benguet State University. La Trinidad Benguet. p. 3
TONGED, J. M., 2008. Agro-morphological Characteristics of Pigeon pea Accessions
under Datakan, Kapangan. Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
24
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant height at 35 DAP (cm)
TREATMENT
BLOCK
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 9.83
10.10
10.03
29.96
9.99a
Seng-ewan
10
10.03
10.16
30.19
10.06a
ICPL 87034
6.43
7.10
7.43
20.96
6.98b
ICPL 88039
6.83
7.20
7.33
21.36
7.12b
ICPL 8863-10
7.28
7.36
7.46
22.05
7.35b
ICPL 7035-9
7.53
7.30
7.36
22.19
7.39b
ICPL 87119-8
7.26
9.53
7.10
23.89
7.96b
TOTAL 55.16
58.62
56.87
170.65
8.12
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
32.058 5.343 17.92 ** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.880 0.440 1.48ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 3.577 0.298
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 36.515
ns
-not
significant
CV=
6.72%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
25
Appendix Table 2. Plant height at flowering (cm)
TREATMENT
BLOCK _
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 57.36
53.43
61.60
172.39
57.46c
Seng-ewan
106.76 170.46 125.83
403.05 134.35a
ICPL
87034
50.73
74.10
50.96
175.79
58.59c
ICPL
88039
72.63
88.33
80.40
241.36
80.45b
ICPL 8863-10
84.86
99.60 107.53
291.99
97.33b
ICPL
7035-9
48.56
66.33
62.86
177.75
59.25c
ICPL 87119-8
88.33 107.60 106.30
302.23 100.74a
TOTAL
509.23 659.85 595.48 1764.56 84.02
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
14903.433 2483.906 17.56** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 1631.854 815.927 5.77* 3.885 6.927
Error
12 1697.182 141.432
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 18232.469
*
-significant
CV=
14.15%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
26
Appendix Table 3. Number of days to flowering
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 105
105
105
315
105a
Seng-ewan
147
147
147
441
147a
ICPL
87034
92
92
92
276
92a
ICPL
88039
95
95
95
285
95a
ICPL
8863-10
142
142
142
426
142a
ICPL
7035-9
97
97
97
291
97a
ICPL
87119-8
139
139
139
417
139a
TOTAL 817
817
817
2451
116.71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
10984.286 1830.714 0.00ns 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.000 0.000 0.00ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 0.000 0.000
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 10984.286
ns
–not
significant
CV=
0.00%
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
27
Appendix Table 4. Number of flower cluster per plant
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 17.33
17.67
29.33
64.33
21.44c
Seng-ewan 105.33 122.67
95.67 323.67 107.89a
ICPL
87034
15.67
57.67
22.33
95.67
31.89c
ICPL 88039
39.67
66.33
47.33 153.33
51.11b
ICPL 8863-10
46.67
74.67
97.67 219.01
73.00b
ICPL
7035-9
15.67
31.33
31.33
78.33
26.11c
ICPL 87119-8
62
88.33
92.67 243
81.00b
TOTAL
302.34 458.67 416.33 1177.34 56.06
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
18898.309 3149.718 18.76** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 1867.879 933.940 5.56* 3.885 6.927
Error
12 2014.784 167.899
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 22780.972
*
-significant
CV=
23.11%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
28
Appendix Table 5. Number of flower per cluster
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 11
11
11
33
11.00a
Seng-ewan 11
11
11
33
11.00a
ICPL 87034 8.67
9
9.33
27
9.00b
ICPL
88039
8.67
9 9 26.67
8.89b
ICPL 8863-10 9
9
9
27
9.00b
ICPL 7035-9
9.67 10.63 11.33
31.33 10.44a
ICPL
87119-8 7.33
8 8 23.33
7.78c
TOTAL
65.34
67.33
68.66
201.33
9.58
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
27.536
4.589 46.32** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.798 0.399 4.03* 3.885 6.927
Error
12 1.189 0.099
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 29.523
*
-significant
CV=
3.28%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
29
Appendix Table 6. Number of days to pod setting
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 109
109
109
327
109a
Seng-ewan 151
151
151
453
151a
ICPL 87034
95
95
95
285
95a
ICPL 88039
98
98
98
294
98a
ICPL 8863-10 145
145
145
435
145a
ICPL
7035-9
101
101
101
303
101a
ICPL
87119-8 142
142
142
426
142a
TOTAL
841
841
841
2523
120.14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
10982.5714 1830.429 0.000ns 3.00 4.82
Block
2 0.000 0 0.000ns 3.89
6.93
Error
12 0.000 0
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 29.523
ns
–not
significant
CV=
0.00%
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
30
Appendix Table 7. Number of seed zone
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 5.30
5 4.90
15.7
5.23a
Seng-ewan 4.80
4.80
3.90
13.5
4.50b
ICPL 87034 3.50
3.50
3.80
10.8
3.60c
ICPL
88039
3.40
3.60
3.60
10.6
3.53c
ICPL 8863-10 3.10
3.40
3.70
10.2
3.40c
ICPL
7035-9
4.60
4.60
4.70
13.9
4.63b
ICPL
87119-8 3.30
3.30
3.30
9.9
3.30c
TOTAL
28
28.7
27.9
84.6
4.02
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
10.183
1.697 21.53** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.054 0.027 0.34ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 0.946 0.079
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 11.183
ns-
not
significant
CV=
6.97%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
31
Appendix Table 8. Length of pods (cm)
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 7.42
7.82
7.34
22.58
7.53a
Seng-ewan 8.35
7.14
6.67
22.16
7.38a
ICPL 87034 6.27
6.59
6.67
19.53
6.51b
ICPL
88039
6.37
6.70
6.72
19.79
6.59b
ICPL 8863-10 5.65
5.32
5.32
16.29
5.43c
ICPL
7035-9
7.89
7.92
8.31
24.12
8.04a
ICPL
87119-8 5.38
5.29
5.17
15.84
5.28c
TOTAL
47.03
46.78
46.2
140.31
6.68
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
19.872
3.212 20.75** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.091 0.046 0.29ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 1.915 0.160
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 21.879
ns
–not
significant
CV=
5.98%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
32
Appendix Table 9. Weight of hundred seeds
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 13.0
13.0
13.2
39.2
13.06a
Seng-ewan 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL 87034 11.1
11.1
11.2
33.4
11.13b
ICPL
88039
12.0
12.0
12.0
35.9
11.9b
ICPL 8863-10 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL
7035-9
13.0
13.0
13.0
39
13.00a
ICPL 87119-8
0
0
0
0
0.00c
TOTAL
49.1
48.8
49.4
147.5
7.01
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
782.692
130.449 23150.06** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.026 0.013 2.28ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 0.068 0.006
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 782.786
ns
–not
significant
CV=
1.07%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
33
Appendix Table 10. Dry seed yield
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 21.30
17.0
26.10
64.4
21.46b
Seng-ewan 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL 87034 19.10
27.40
32.0
78.5
26.16b
ICPL
88039
23.0
26.10
26.0
75.1
25.03b
ICPL 8863-10 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL
7035-9
31.20
38.30
34.0
103.5
34.50a
ICPL 87119-8
0
0
0
0
0.00c
TOTAL
94.6
108.8
118.1
321.5 15.30
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
3965.278
660.880
66.81** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 40.018 20.009 2.02ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 1118.702 9.892
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 4123.998
ns
–not
significant
CV=
20.54%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Bengu
et Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
34
Appendix Table 11. Fresh seed yield
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy
1 50
43
56
149
49.67b
Seng-ewan 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL 87034 42
153
175
370
123.33a
ICPL 88039
75
150
110
335
117.66a
ICPL 8863-10 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL 7035-9
110
180
135
425
141.66a
ICPL 87119-8
0
0
0
0
0.00c
TOTAL
277
526
476
1279
60.90
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
72753.143
12125.524
13.69** 2.996 4.821
Block
2
4957.238 2478.619 2.80ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 10625.429 885452
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 88335.810
ns
–not
significant
CV=
48.86%
** -highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
35
Appendix Table 12. Bean rust at 90 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy 1
1
1
1
3
1b
Seng-ewan 1
1
1
3
1b
ICPL 87034 3
1
3
7
2.33a
ICPL 88039
1
1
1
3
1b
ICPL 8863-10 1
3
3
7
2.33a
ICPL 7035-9
1
1
1
3
1b
ICPL 87119-8
1
1
1
3
1b
TOTAL
9
9
11
29
1.38
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
7.619
1.270
3.08* 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.381 0.190 0.46ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 4.952 0.413
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 12.952
ns
–not
significant
CV=
46.52%
*-significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
36
Appendix Table 13. Bean rust at 120 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy 1
1
1
1
3
1.00c
Seng-ewan 1
1
1
3
1.00c
ICPL 87034 3
3
3
9
3.00a
ICPL 88039
2
2
1
5
1.67b
ICPL 8863-10 3
3
3
9
3.00a
ICPL 7035-9
1
1
1
3
1.00c
ICPL 87119-8
1
1
1
3
1.00c
TOTAL
12
12
11
35
1.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
16.000
2.667
56.00** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.095 0.048 1.00ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 0.571 0.048
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 16.667
ns
–not
significant
CV=
13.09%
** - highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
37
Appendix Table 14. Legume pod borer at 120 DAP
TREATMENT
BLOCK ____
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
Taloy 1
3
3
3
9
3.00a
Seng-ewan 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL 87034 2
3
2
7
2.33b
ICPL 88039
2
2
2
6
2.00b
ICPL 8863-10 0
0
0
0
0.00c
ICPL 7035-9
2
2
1
3
1.00b
ICPL 87119-8
0
0
1
3
1.00c
TOTAL
9
10
9
28
1.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIATION OF SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
FREEDOM
Treatment 6
30.000
5.000
105.00** 2.996 4.821
Block
2 0.095 0.048 1.00ns 3.885 6.927
Error
12 0.571 0.048
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 20 30.667
ns
–not
significant
CV=
16.37%
** - highly significant
Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines under
Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition / Jacob L. Balangay. 2010
Document Outline
- Adaptability Trial of Pigeon Pea Lines
under Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Soil and Water Requirement
- Climatic Requirements
- Varietal Evaluation
- Fertilization
- Insects and Diseases
- Postharvest Practices
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSION
- Agroclimatic Data
- Plant height at 35 DAP and at Flowering
- Number of Days from Planting to Flowering
- Number of Days from Planting to Pod Setting
- Number of Flower Cluster per Plant
- Number of Flower per Cluster
- Length of Pods
- Number of Seed Zone
- Reaction to Bean Rust
- Reaction to Pod Borer
- Fresh Seed yield
- Dry Seed Yield
- Weight of 100 Seeds
- Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES