BIBLIOGRAPHY BANARIO, DARIO JR ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012. Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum
sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic Production System in Balili, Mankayan,
Benguet Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Esther Josephine D. Sagalla, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping garden pea with
potato; determine the best garden pea entry intercropped with potato; determine the
interaction effect of intercropping and garden pea entries; determine the profitability of the
garden pea entries intercropped with potato; and identify the most preferred garden pea
entry of farmers in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet.
Based on the results of the study, growing of garden pea entries either as monocrop
or intercropped with potato had similar maturity, resistance to pest, and yield. Among the
garden pea entries, CGP 34 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were the best performing entries
as exemplified by their high yield and moderate resistance to pod borer and leaf miner.
Chinese 2 (local variety) either planted as monocropped or intercropped with potato had
the highest ROCE. CGP 34 also had above 100% ROCE.
In addition, Betag, Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were the most preffered
by the farmers due to their high yield, good plant stand and good quality pods.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
INTRODUCTION
Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a semi-temperate legume grown at about 1,500
meters above sea level. As a result, garden pea can be grown practically in all parts of
Benguet with the central and southern towns as major production areas (MSAC, 1982).
Garden pea which is one of the most expensive vegetable legumes in the country is
among the leguminous crops grown commercially by Benguet farmers. However, most
farmers are spending for higher inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and pesticides.
Application of these chemicals may destroy the soil structure and eliminate beneficial
insects. In this regard, organic farming incorporated with intercropping appears to be a
logical alternative in minimizing the harmful effect of inorganic fertilizer and chemical
inputs (Dela Cruz, 2004).
Intercropping means growing of two or three crop species in mixed cultures on the
same land by putting the crops in alternative strips of rows (Lantican, 2001). In the
Philippines, landholdings are generally small due to the system of land inheritance resulting
to the fragmentation of land areas. Hence, intercropping has grown out of necessity to
increase farm income inspite of farm size. This practice makes more efficient use of the
land area by increasing the yield per unit area and controlling erosion in hilly lands,
especially if accompanied by proper fertilization and irrigation. Harvest is also spread over
the year and makes supply available over an extended period as it provides genetic diversity
to minimize pest incidence (Bautista, 1994). Thus, combining garden pea with potato, an
important tuber crop in the Philippines, was done in this study.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the effect of intercropping garden pea with potato;
2. determine the best garden pea entry intercropped with potato;
3. determine the interaction effect of intercropping and garden pea entries;
4. determine the profitability of the garden pea entries intercropped with
potato; and
5. identify the most preferred garden pea entry by farmers.
The study was conducted in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet from October 2011 to
February 2012.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description and Production of Garden pea in the
Philippines
Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), locally known as ‘Chinese pea’, ‘snow pea’, ‘sweet
pea’ or ‘sitsaro’, is the most expensive vegetable legumes in the country. It is grown for its
edible pods or seeds. It grows very well in Benguet, where the climate is cool throughout
the year. Garden pea seeds contain considerable amounts of digestible protein,
carbohydrates, and minerals, while the green pods are rich sources of vitamin A. Garden
pea is a popular ingredient in ‘chop suey’ and ‘pancit’. It also makes an important addition
in soups, sautés, and any dish with mushrooms, bamboo shoots, and shrimps. Recognizing
its importance to the industry, PCARRD-DOST identified sweet pea, among others, as a
priority crop under the National Vegetable R&D Program (PCARRD, 2011).
Garden pea grows well in humus-rich or volcanic soil and thrives best in areas at
least 1,000 m above sea level. It favors a cool climate with a temperature range of 10-18°C.
Organic garden pea is being produced in limited quantities (PCARRD, 2011).
In 2006, PCARRD stated that the production this year was 5,723 t, down by 1.5%
from the output of the previous year at 5,808 t. The major producer was the Cordillera
Administrative Region which accommodated 94.5% of the production and 5.5% to other.
The area harvested in 2006 was 1,674 ha, down by 1.4% from 1,697 ha in 2005 and the
yield per hectare was 3.4 t in 2006, the same level posted in 2005.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
Description of intercropping
In 2001, Lantican stated that intercropping is the growing of two or three crop
species in mixed cultures on the same land by putting the crops in alternative strips of rows.
Normally, a short- and a tall-growing crop or quick and late-maturing crops are used as
intercrops. Intercropping is also used to utilize the vacant or unused species in between
rows of certain crops during the course of their growth.
In 2004, Beazley added that intercropping is done when two or more crops are grown
together within the same area. Rows of one may alternate with rows of another, or plants
of different crops may alternate within rows. Often fast- and slow-growing crops are
paired: the fast-growing one is cleared before the slower one needs the space.
Effect of intercropping
In 1994, Bautista stated that intercropping provides genetic diversity to minimize
pest increase. Variation in susceptibility among species or varieties to a particular disease
is great. Given abundant host of a single species or variety, a pest could easily be dispersed
from host to host. When the number of the host declines, the incidence will also decrease
for lack the necessary food for the organism. In addition, intercropping a disease-
susceptible variety with a resistant one in the vegetable plot is a technique that is also
looking promising, on a field scale at least. Research trials have shown that lettuces
susceptible to downy mildew can be protected if in the row, each plant alternates with one
of a resistant lettuce variety (Kruger et al., 2008).
In some studies shown that intercropping of cabbage with tomato, white and corn
has been found to reduce the population of larvae of the diamond back moth of cabbage.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
Intercropping marigold and ‘Martha Washington’ asparagus among crop plants is good for
the control of nematodes since these two plants have been found to have nematode
depressant values (Lantican, 2001).
Other studies reported in the USA have shown that intercropping of corn and
soybeans in double rows affected an increase of 30% in the yield of corn over that planted
in pure stand. There was no change in the yield of soybeans. Interplanting of corn and
soybean at every four rows of each and at every six rows of each, showed an increase in
the yield of corn of 16% and 20%, respectively, in comparison with those in pure stand.
Although a decrease of 20% in yield of soybeans observed in other case, total yield with
intercropping were higher (Lantican, 2001).
Sugarcane and bananas are slow-growing and long-maturing crops. The rows are
normally spaced widely at one meter or more and it takes about three to four months from
planting before the leaves of the plants between rows over lap-puring this early stage of
growth, there is ample space between rows on which to grow a quick-maturing crop like
mungo, sweet potatoes, soybean, etc. Farmers in the sugarcane producing areas in Taiwan
interplant peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cotton, rapeseed or onion during the early
period of growth of sugarcane. If the weeds of the intercrops for fertilizers are adequately
supplied, only very little decreases in the yield of sugarcane are intercrops for fertilizers
are adequately supplied, only very little decreases in the yield of sugarcane are observed.
In return, 1 ton per ha of soybeans, 974 kg of seed cotton, 2.4 to 3.0 ton of rape seed and
15 to 20 ton per ha of onions are obtained (Lantican, 2001).
Lantican further added that some farmers in Negros and Laguna who have practiced
intercropping of sorghum, corn or mungo in between the rows of sugarcane have obtained
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
added income from these intercrops without getting any apparent losses in the yield of
sugarcane. Weed population in the sugarcane field was even reduced.
Organic farming
Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promote and
enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil
biological activity. It emphasizes the use of management practices in preference to the use
of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted
systems. This is accomplished by using, where possible, agronomic, biological, and
mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic materials, to fulfill any specific
function within the system (FAO, 1999).
Organic farming is a modern, sustainable farming system which maintains the long-
term fertility of the soil and uses less of the Earth’s finite resources to produces high quality
and nutritious food (OFRF, 2004).
In 2006, Kristiansen et al. stated that the purpose of organic agriculture is to optimize
the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals, and
people. In addition, soil care is a main principle in organic farming. It is, therefore, not
surprising that the impacts of organic farming on soil properties have been researched
comprehensively. Special focus in this research is on organic matter content, biological
activity, nutrient cycles and soil erosion. Even though soil performance is very site specific,
results of studies in different countries show that organic farming tends to conserve soil
fertility and system stability better than conventional farming system.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
On the other hand, according to Alfoldi et al. as cited by Kristiansen in 2006, as
organic farmers cannot use synthetic substances, they pay particular attention to operating
a sound rotational system to ‘nourish the soil’ in order to maintain organic matter content
and keep it in good condition. Organic management focuses on nutrient cycling with the
aim of maximizing agro ecosystem stability and homeostasis. To restore the natural
ecological balance is seen as essential by organic farmers because ecosystem functions are
considered to be the main productive “input”.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 210 square meters was thoroughly prepared and treatments were laid-
out following Split-plot Design (Figure 1). Each treatment was replicated three times.
The treatments were the following:
Main plot: Cropping System (CS)
Code Cropping System
CS1 Garden pea alone
CS2 Garden pea with potato
Sub plot: Garden Pea Entries (E)
Code Entry Source
E1 CGP 13 BSU-IPB
E2 CGP 34 BSU-IPB
E3 CGP 59 BSU-IPB
E4 BETAG BSU-IPB
E5 Chinese 1 ABC-Company
E6 Chinese 2 Local variety
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A.
MARCH 2012
Each plot measuring 1 m × 5 m had two rows of garden pea plants. Seeds were sown
at 2-3 seeds per hill to a depth of 2-5 cm with the distance of 30 cm between hills and 25
cm between rows. Potato tubers were sown in between hills of garden pea with a distance
of 30 cm between hills and 40 cm between rows.
The following was a lay-out for planting garden pea with potato:
30 cm bet ween hills
hhhills
© ©
* * *
40 cm
25 cm
between
between
rows
rows
* * *
© ©
30 cm between hills
Legend:
* = garden pea
© = potato
Cultural Management Practices
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Organic farming management was practiced from land preparation until harvesting
(Figure 2-7). BSU compost was incorporated basally during land preparation. Irrigation
was provided from sowing until the crop was harvested. Wind breaker crops (corn) were
planted around the experimental area. Trellis was provided at 20 days after emergence and
was bound with plastic twine allowing the crop to cling to the trellis. Inorganic fertilizers
and pesticides were not used.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Figure 1. Overview of the production site
Figure 2. Land clearing
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Figure 3. Plot preparation
Figure 4. Fertilizer (BSU compost) application
Figure 5. Planting
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Figure 6. Training of plants with plastic twine
Figure 7. Harvesting
Data Gathered
1. Meteorological data. Relative humidity and temperature were taken by
using a digital hygroscometer. Rainfall was collected and measured.
2. Percentage emergence. This was computed using the formula:
Number of seed emerged
% Emergence= × 100
Total no. of seed sown
3. Maturity data
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
a.
Number of days from sowing to emergence. This was taken
by counting the number of days from sowing to emergence.
b.
Number of days from sowing to first flowering. This was
recorded by counting the number of days from sowing to the time when at
least 50% of the plants per plot had at least two fully opened flowers.
c.
Number of days from emergence to last flowering. This was
recorded by counting the number of days from emergence to last flowering
when at least 50% of the plants per plot had stopped flowering.
d.
Number of days from flowering to pod setting. This was
obtained by counting the number of days from flowering until the pods
begin to develop.
e.
Number of days from pod setting to pod maturity. This was
gathered when the last pod has set and 50% of leaves died.
f.
Number of days from emergence to harvesting. This was
recorded by counting the number of days from emergence to harvesting.
4. Flower and pod characters
a.
Number of flowers per plant. This was gathered by counting
the flowers per plant of ten sample plants per plot at the peak of flowering.
b.
Number of flower clusters per plant. This was gathered by
counting the flower clusters per treatment at 50 days after planting.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
c.
Number of flowers per cluster. This was gathered by
counting the flowers per cluster per replication at the peak of flowering.
d.
Number of pods per plant. This was recorded by counting
the number of pods per plant of ten sample plant per plot.
5. Final plant height. This was measured from the base of the plant of the ten
sample plants per plot.
6. Seed characters
a)
Seed length (mm).This was obtained by measuring the seed
parallel to the helium by the used of vernier caliper.
b)
Seed width (mm).
This was obtained by measuring the
mid-portion of the ten sample seeds per plot by the used of vernier caliper.
7. Seed Yield
a.
Number of seeds per pod. This was recorded by counting the number
of seeds in ten sample plants per pod.
b.
Number and weight of marketable seeds/plot (g/5m2). This was
obtained by counting and weighing the marketable seeds.
c.
Number and weight of non-marketable seeds (g/5m2). This was
obtained by counting and weighing the non-marketable seed which are damaged,
small size and infected with pod borer.
d.
Total seed yield per plot (g/5m2). This was obtained by getting the
total seed yield per plot.
e.
100 dry seed weight (g). This was obtained by weighing randomly
chosen 100 dry seeds per plot.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
8. Reaction to pod borer. The reaction to infestation to seed/pod borer was
obtained using the following scale used by Tandang et al. (2008):
Scale Description Remarks
1 No infestation per plot Highly resistant
2 1-25% infestation per plot Mildly resistant
3 25-50% infestation per plot Moderately resistant
4 51-75% infestation per plot Susceptible
5 76-100% infestation per plot Very susceptible
9. Reaction to leaf miner infestation. This was gathered using the following
scale used by Tandang et al. (2008):
Scale Description Remarks
1 No damage/infestation Highly resistant
2 1-25% infestation Moderately resistant
3 25-50% infestation Resistant
4 51-75% infestation Moderately Susceptible
5 76-100% infestation Very susceptible
10. Reaction to powdery mildew. The susceptibility of the plant was evaluated
using the following rating scale used by Tandang et al. (2008):
Scale Description Remarks
1 No damage/infestation Highly resistant
2 1-25% of the total leaves per plant parts are infected Moderately resistant
3 25-50% of the total leaves per plant parts are infected Resistant
4 51-75% of the total leaves per plant parts are infected Moderately susceptible
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
5 76-100% of the total leaves per plant parts are infected Very susceptible
11. General acceptability of the farmers on the garden pea entries. Thirteen
farmers were invited to evaluate the garden pea entries at peak of pod setting. They
were requested to make their own selection and express their reasons for choosing
or not choosing the seven entries of garden pea. Selection was based on the plant
growth.
12. Weight of marketable and non-marketable potato tuber (intercrop) (g/plot).
This was the weight of marketable and non-marketable potato tuber taken at
harvest.
13. Return on cash expenses (ROCE). This was computed using the formula:
Gross Sale-Total Expenses
% ROCE= × 100
Total Expenses
Data Analysis
All quantitative data was gathered and analyzed statistically using the Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) for Split-plot design. The significant differences among the treatment
means were tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological Data
The temperature, relative humidity, rainfall amount and light intensity during the
conduct of the study are shown in Table 1. The average temperature range in the area is
from 17°C to 25°C while relative humidity ranges from 77 to 82 %. PCARRD (2012) stated
that garden pea grows well in an area where temperature ranges from 10°C to 18°C with
an average relative humidity of 86% (GIAA, 2012). The temperature and relative humidity
during the conduct of the study was observed to be within the required range for garden
pea production.
The rainfall was continuous throughout the growing season, which may affect the
occurrence of pest. A high amount of rainfall was recorded in the month of November (4.68
L) and decreased in the month of February with a recorded amount of 1.83 liters. A
minimum of 400 to 500 mm rainfall per cropping season (about three months) is required
for growing garden pea without supplementary irrigation (GIAA, 2012). Light intensity in
the month of January was very low at 2133 foot candles compared to the month of
November (2739 foot candles).
Table 1. Average temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and light intensity from
November 2011 to February 2012
MONTH
AVERAGE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
LIGHT
TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY
(L)
INTENSITY
(°C)
(%)
(foot candle)
November
25
82
4.68
2739
December
22
81
4.34
2376
January
19
79
2.42
2133
February
17
77
1.83
2451
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Table 2. Percentage emergence of the six garden pea entries grown as a monocrop and
intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
EMERGENCE
(%)
CROPPING SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
90.74
Garden pea + potato
92.48
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
100.00a
CGP 34
99.64a
CGP 59
100.00a
Betag
89.76b
Chinese 1
63.89c
Chinese 2 (local variety)
96.36a
CS×E
ns
CV (a) (%)
5.91
CV (b) (%)
4.20
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Percentage emergence
Effect of cropping system. There were no significant differences observed on the
percentage emergence of garden pea plants subjected under the different cropping systems.
However, garden pea intercropped with potato had the highest percentage emergence
(Table 2).
Effect of entry. Highly significant differences were observed among the six entries
on percentage emergence (Table 2). Entries CGP 13, CGP 34, CGP 59 and Chinese 2 (local
variety) significantly had the highest percentage emergence. Lowest percentage emergence
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
was obtained from Chinese which might be due to the continuous rainfall prevailing in the
site that resulted to severe rotting of seeds sown.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the entries and
the cropping system on percentage emergence.
Number of days from sowing to emergence
Effect of cropping system. Monocropped and intercropped garden pea plants
emerged at six days after sowing (Table 3).
Effect of entry. Most of the entries emerged earlier (6 days from sowing) except
Chinese 1 which emerged later at seven days after sowing. Vanderlinded (2005) stated that
garden pea normally emerges from 6 to 10 days. The number of days from sowing to
emergence of the garden pea entries was observed to be within the normal range of
emergence for garden pea.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the entries and
the cropping system on the number of days from sowing to emergence.
Number of days from sowing to first flowering
Effect of cropping system. The monocropped and intercropped garden pea plants
flowered at 44 days after sowing (Table 3).
Effect of entry. Entries CGP 13 and Betag produced first flowers earlier at 41 days
from sowing (Figure 8) which may imply early pod setting and maturity.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction observed between the
cropping systems and garden pea entries.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Table 3. Number of days from sowing to emergence, sowing to first flowering, emergence
to last flowering and flowering to pod setting of the six garden pea entries grown
as a monocrop and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
SOWING TO
SOWING TO EMERGENCE FLOWERING
EMERGENCE
FIRST
TO LAST
TO POD
FLOWERING FLOWERING
SETTING
CROPPING
SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea
6
44
70
6
alone
Garden pea +
6
44
70
6
potato
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
6
41
66
5
CGP 34
6
48
68
8
CGP 59
6
44
70
5
Betag
6
41
67
7
Chinese 1
7
46
77
6
Chinese 2
6
45
74
6
(local variety)
CS × E
ns
ns
ns
ns
CV (a) (%)
0
0
0
0
CV (b) (%)
0
0
0
0
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
CGP 59
CGP 34
Chinese 1
Figure 8. Six Garden pea entries at flowering
Number of days from emergence to last flowering
Effect of cropping system. The number days from emergence to last flowering of
monocropped and intercropped garden plants was 70 days from emergence (Table 3).
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Effect of entry. Entry CGP 13 was the earliest to stop producing flowers at 66 days
after emergence. The result implies early maturity and harvesting of this entry.
Interaction effect. The garden pea entries did not significantly interact with
cropping systems in terms of the number days from emergence to last flowering.
Number of days from flowering to pod setting
Effect of cropping system. The number of days from flowering to pod setting of
monocropped and intercropped garden plants did not differ. Plants set pod at 6 days after
flowering (Table 3).
Effect of entry. Entries CGP 13 and CGP 59 produced pods earlier at 5 days after
flowering since both entries flowered earlier than the other entries.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the cropping
systems and the garden pea entries on the number of days from flowering to pod setting.
Number of days from pod setting to pod maturity
Effect of cropping system. The number of days from pod setting to pod maturity of
monocropped and intercropped garden pea plants was 38 days. This result implies that the
type of cropping system does not affect pod maturity (Table 4).
Effect of entry. Entries CGP 13, CGP 34 and Betag were the early maturing entries
in terms of days from pod setting to pod maturity. The results might indicate early
harvesting of the entries.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction between the cropping
systems and garden pea entries on the number of days from pod setting to pod maturity.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Table 4. Number of days from pod setting to pod maturity and emergence to harvesting of
the six garden pea entries grown as a monocrop and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
POD SETTING TO POD
EMERGENCE TO
MATURITY
HARVESTING
CROPPING SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
38
96
Garden pea + potato
38
96
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
36
89
CGP 34
36
93
CGP 59
38
96
Betag
36
89
Chinese 1
40
104
Chinese 2 (local variety)
40
104
CS × E
ns
ns
CV (a) (%)
0
0
CV (b) (%)
0
0
Number of days from emergence to harvesting
Effect of cropping system. The number of days from emergence to harvesting of
the garden pea plants as affected by the type of cropping system was 96 days. The cropping
systems did not affect crop maturity (Table 4).
Effect of entry. Entries CGP 13 and Betag were harvested early at 89 days after
emergence which might be due to their early flowering, pod setting and early maturity of
the pods.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction between the cropping
systems and the garden pea entries on the number of days from emergence to harvesting.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Number of flowers per plant
Effect of cropping system. Significant differences were observed on the number of
flowers per plant as affected by different cropping systems (Table 5). Monocropped garden
pea plants significantly produced the highest number of flowers per plant. This result might
be due to the absence of competition on nutrients, moisture, space and other environmental
resources (Sheaffer et al., 2009).
Effect of entry. A highly significant difference was observed on the number of
flowers of the different entries (Table 5 and Figure 9). Entry Chinese 2 (local variety)
significantly produced the highest number of flowers per plant which might lead to high
number of pods and possibly high yield.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the cropping
system and the entries in terms of the number of flowers per plant.
Number of flower clusters per plant
Effect of cropping system. There were no significant differences observed on the
number of flower clusters per plant (Table 5) of monocropped and intercropped garden
pea. All the plants produced eight flower clusters per plant.
Effect of entry. Highly significant differences were observed among the garden pea
entries in terms of the number of the flower clusters per plant (Table 5). Entry Chinese 2
(local variety) significantly produced the highest flower clusters per plant while the lowest
number of flower clusters per plant was obtained from CGP 13. The results imply that the
higher number of flower clusters produced may lead to higher number of pods or yield
obtained.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Table 5. Number of flowers, flower clusters, flowers per cluster and pods per plant of the
six garden pea entries grown as a monocrop and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF
FLOWERS
FLOWER
FLOWERS PODS PER
PER
CLUSTERS
PER
PLANT
PLANT
PER PLANT CLUSTER
CROPPING SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
12a
8
2
10
Garden pea + potato
11b
8
2
9
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
9c
7c
2
7c
CGP 34
14b
8b
2
11b
CGP 59
8c
8b
1
7c
Betag
8c
8b
1
7c
Chinese 1
14ab
9a
2
12a
Chinese 2 (local variety)
15a
9a
2
13a
CS×E
ns
ns
ns
ns
CV (a) (%)
5.11
24.45
0.00
11.47
CV (b) (%)
7.65
8.53
0.00
10.85
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Figure 9. Pods and flowers of garden pea entries
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction between the cropping
system and the garden pea entries on the number of flower clusters per plant.
Number of flowers per cluster
Effect of cropping system. No significant differences were observed on the number
of flowers per cluster as affected by the type of cropping system. All the plants produced
two flowers per cluster.
Effect of entry. There were no significantly differences observed among the entries
on the number of flowers per cluster. Entries CGP 13, CGP 34, Chinese and Chinese 2
(local variety) produced two flowers per cluster (Table 5).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the cropping
systems and the garden pea entries on the number of flowers per cluster.
Number of pods per plant
Effect of cropping system. The number of pods per plant was not significantly
affected by the cropping system. The highest number of pods per plant was recorded from
monocropped garden pea.
Effect of entry. A highly significant difference was observed on the number of pods
per plant (Table 5) of the garden pea entries. The highest number of pods per plant was
obtained from Chinese 2 (local variety) which might be due the high number of flowers
produced by this entry.
Interaction effect. No interaction effect was observed between the cropping system
and the entries in terms of the number of pods per plant.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Final plant height
Effect of cropping system. The type of cropping system did not significantly affect
the final plant height of the entries. Numerically, monocropped garden pea plants were the
tallest (Table 6).
Effect of entry. Table 6 showed that there were highly significant differences
observed on the final height of the entries. CGP 34 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were
significantly the tallest entries. However, Betag and CGP 13 were the shortest garden pea
entries which might be due to early senescence since both entries matured early.
Interaction effect. There was no interaction effect observed between the cropping
system and the entries on final plant height.
Table 6. Final plant height of the six garden pea entries as a monocrop and intercropped
with potato
TREATMENT
FINAL PLANT HEIGHT AT 104 DAP
(cm)
CROPPINGSYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
161.78
Garden pea + potato
160.14
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
143.42c
CGP 34
181.58a
CGP 59
159.00b
Betag
146.75c
Chinese 1
154.17bc
Chinese 2 (local variety)
180.83a
CS×E
ns
CV (a) (%)
4.10
CV (b) (%)
5.88
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Seed length
Effect of cropping system. Table 7 showed that there were no significant
differences on the seed length of monocropped and intercropped garden pea plants.
Effect of entry. There were highly significant differences observed on the seed
length of the different entries (Table 7). The longest seeds were obtained from Betag that
might be due to its genetic characteristics. Long seeds may lead to high dried seed weight.
Interaction effect. The seed length of the garden pea entries was not significantly
interacting with cropping system.
Table 7. Seed length, seed width and number of seeds per pod of the six garden pea entries
grown as a monocrop and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
SEED LENGTH SEED WIDTH
NUMBER OF
(mm)
(mm)
SEEDS PER
POD
CROPPING SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
6.73
5.68
6
Garden pea + potato
6.76
5.78
6
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
6.98ab
5.82ab
6c
CGP 34
6.92b
5.98a
8a
CGP 59
6.98ab
5.63bc
6c
Betag
7.20a
5.82ab
7b
Chinese 1
6.22c
5.52c
5d
Chinese 2 (local variety)
6.17c
5.60bc
5d
CS×E
ns
ns
ns
CV (a) (%)
1.75
1.83
1.11
CV (b) (%)
2.73
3.20
2.74
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT.
Seed width
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Effect of cropping system. The cropping systems did not significantly affect the
seed width of the garden pea plants.
Effect of entry. A highly significant difference was observed on the seed width of
the garden pea entries (Table 7). CGP 34 significantly produced the widest seed while
Chinese 1 produced the narrowest seeds which might be due to its genetic characteristics.
Interaction effect. No interaction effect was observed between cropping system and
entries in terms of seed width.
Number of seeds per pod
Effect of cropping system. There were no significant differences observed on the
number of seeds per pod of monocropped and intercropped garden pea plants.
Effect of entry. Based on the results in Table 7, highly significant differences were
observed on the number of seeds per pod of the different entries. CGP 34 significantly
produced the highest number of seeds per pod. However, lesser number of seeds per pod
was obtained from Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local variety). The higher number of seeds
per pod implies higher number and weight of seed yield.
Interaction effect. The number of seed per pod of the entries was not significantly
interacting with cropping system.
Number and weight of marketable seeds
Effect of cropping system. No significant effect of cropping system was observed
on the number and weight of marketable seeds per plot of the garden pea plants (Table 8).
Garden pea intercropped with potato had the highest number and weight of marketable
seeds per plot.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Effect of entry. Highly significant differences were observed on the number and
weight of marketable seeds per plot (Table 8). Chinese 2 (local variety) significantly
produced the highest number and weight of marketable seeds per plot. This might be due
to the high percentage of emergence, high number of flowers and pods produced.
Interaction effect. No interaction was observed between the cropping system and
the entries in terms of number and weight of marketable seeds per plot.
Table 8. Number and weight of marketable and non-marketable seeds, and total seed yield
of six garden pea entries grown as a monocrop and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
MARKETABLE
NON-
TOTAL
SEEDS (per 5m2)
MARKETABLE
SEED
SEEDS (pe r 5m2)
YIELD
NUMBER WEIGHT NUMBER WEIGHT
(g/5m2)
(g)
(g)
CROPPING SYSTEM
(CS)
Garden pea alone
852
129.17
369
31.14
161.53
Garden pea + potato
912
140.73
351
32.73
173.46
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
604c
100.75c
434d
40.22b
140.97b
CGP 34
1223b
182.33b
467d
39.68b
222.02a
CGP 59
766c
115.68c
367cd
28.57b
144.25b
Betag
616c
106.07c
278ab
29.07b
135.13b
Chinese 1
564c
76.43c
216a
17.17a
97.27b
Chinese 2 (local
1520a
228.45a
397d
36.90b
265.35a
variety)
CS×E
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
CV (a) (%)
16.25
22.54
27.25
29.74
17.09
CV (b) (%)
25.37
27.46
21.83
27.59
24.88
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Number and weight of non-marketable seeds
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Effect of cropping system. There were no significant differences observed on the
number and weight of non-marketable seeds per plot as affected by the cropping systems
(Table 8).
Effect of entry. There was a highly significant difference on the number and weight
of non-marketable seeds per plot (Table 8) of the different garden pea entries. Chinese 1
significantly had the least number and weight of non-marketable seeds. The results might
be due to the resistance of this entry to pod borer and powdery mildew.
Interaction effect. There was no interaction observed between the cropping system
and the entries on the number and weight of non-marketable seed per plot.
Total seed yield
Effect of cropping system. The total seed yield per plot was not significantly
affected by the cropping systems. Garden pea intercropped with potato had higher total
yield than monocropped garden pea.
Effect of entry. Based on the results in Table 8, there was a highly significant
difference observed on the total seed yield per plot of the garden pea entries. Chinese 2
(local variety) significantly produced the highest total seed yield per plot (265.350 g)
followed by CGP 34 (222.017 g). The results might be due to their high number of flowers
and pods produced.
Interaction effect. The total seed yield per plot of the entries was not significantly
interacting with cropping system.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
100 dried seed weight per plot (g)
Effect of cropping system. The 100 dried seed weight per plot of the entries was
not significantly affected by the cropping systems.
Effect of entry. There was a highly significant difference on the 100 dried seed
weight per plot of the garden pea entries (Table 9 and Figure 10). Betag significantly
produced the heaviest weight of 100 dried seeds which might be due to its high seed length
and seed width.
Interaction effect. The cropping systems did not significantly interact with the
garden pea entries in terms of 100 dried seed weight.
Table 9. One hundred dried seed weight of the six garden pea entries grown as a monocrop
and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
100 DRIED SEED WEIGHT
(g)
CROPPING SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
15.34
Garden pea + potato
16.14
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
16.76ab
CGP 34
15.03c
CGP 59
15.63bc
Betag
17.41a
Chinese 1
13.58d
Chinese 2 (local variety)
16.01bc
CS×E
ns
CV (a) (%)
10.24
CV (b) (%)
6.27
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
CGP 13 CGP 34
CGP 59 Betag
Chinese 1 Chinese 2 (local variety)
Figure 10. Seeds of six garden pea entries
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Reaction to pod borer
Effect of cropping system. Monocropped and intercropped garden pea plants had
moderate resistance to pod borer (Table 10). The cropping systems used had little effect on
the response of plants to pod borer infestation.
Effect of entry. Entries CGP 34, Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were
mildly resistant to pod borer which might be due to the genetic characteristics of the garden
pea entries. The result implies lesser weight of non-marketable seeds produced by these
garden pea entries.
Table 10. Reaction to pod borer, leaf miner and powdery mildew of the six garden pea
entries grown as a monocrop and intercropped with potato
TREATMENT
REACTION TO
POD BORER
LEAF MINER
POWDERY
MILDEW
CROPPING SYSTEM (CS)
Garden pea alone
3
2
4
Garden pea + potato
3
2
4
ENTRY (E)
CGP 13
4
2
4
CGP 34
2
2
4
CGP 59
3
2
4
Betag
3
2
4
Chinese 1
2
2
3
Chinese 2 (local variety)
2
2
3
Rating scale for pod borer: 1-highly resistant; 2-mildly resistant; 3-moderately resistant; 4-
susceptible; 5-very susceptible
Rating scale for leaf miner and powdery mildew: 1- highly resistant; 2- moderately
resistant; 3-resistant; 4-moderately susceptible; 5-very susceptible
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Reaction to leaf miner
Effect of cropping system. The cropping systems did not affect the reaction of the
garden pea plants to leaf miner (Table 10). The plants were moderately resistant to leaf
miner.
Effect of entry. Table 10 showed that all garden pea entries were moderately
resistant to leaf miner. The result might be due to the continuous rainfall prevailing in the
site which may have controlled the occurrence of leaf miner.
Reaction to powdery mildew
Effect of cropping system. The different cropping systems apparently made no
difference on the reaction of the garden pea entries to powdery mildew. The plants were
moderately susceptible to the disease which might be due to continuous rainfall from
November to February.
Effect of entry. There were no significant differences observed among the different
garden pea plants on their reaction to powdery mildew. Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local
variety) were resistant to powdery mildew (Table 10) which implies lesser number and
weight of non-marketable seeds. Most of the entries were moderately susceptible to the
disease.
Weight of potato tuber
Table 11 and Figure 11 showed the weight of marketable and non-marketable
potato tubers used as intercrop to garden pea. The weight of marketable potato tubers was
generally low which might be due to early infection of late blight. However, the heaviest
marketable tubers were obtained from potato intercroped with Chinese 1.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
The results imply that selection of a high yielding and more adaptable potato variety
for organic production should be considered.
Table 11. Weight of marketable and non-marketable potato tuber
TREATMENT
WEIGHT OF TUBER (g/15m2)
MARKETABLE
NON-MARKETABLE
Potato + CGP 13
74.33
22.67
Potato + CGP 34
114.67
26.33
Potato + CGP59
107.00
26.00
Potato + Betag
99.33
33.67
Potato + Chinese 1
130.00
23.67
Potato + Chinese 2 (local variety)
58.00
27.67
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Figure 11. Yield of Potato intercropped with Garden pea
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Farmers acceptability
Table 12 and Figure 12 showed that CGP 13 was liked slightly by seven farmers
due to its short height and slightly low yield. On the other hand, CGP 34 and CGP 59 were
liked very much by nine farmers due to its good growth stand and high yield. However,
CGP 34 was liked slightly by one farmer due to its broad pods.
Betag was liked extremely by five farmers due to its good growth stand and slightly
narrow but medium-sized pods. Chinese 1 was liked extremely by seven farmers while
Chinese 2 (local variety) was liked extremely by ten farmers due to their high yield
capacity, tall growth stand and good quality pods. However, both entries were like slightly
by one farmer due to its small pods.
In addition, farmers express their observation that growing garden pea under
organic production is also applicable in Balili, Mankayan with proper time of planting.
However, they commented that the potato variety used was not a good intercrop for garden
pea because of its low yield. The farmers suggested that leafy vegetables such as cabbage
might be a good intercrop.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Table 12. Farmer acceptability of the six garden pea entries
ENTRY
NUMBER OF FARMERS
Dislike Neither like
Like
Like
Like very
Like
slightly
or dislike
slightly
moderately
much
extremely
CGP 13
1
-
7
4
1
-
CGP 34
-
-
1
3
9
-
CGP 59
-
-
-
4
9
-
Betag
-
-
1
3
4
5
Chinese 1
-
-
1
-
5
7
Chinese 2
-
-
1
-
2
10
(local
variety)
Figure 12. Farmers’ evaluation on the Garden pea entries at the peak of pod setting
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE)
Most of the garden pea entries grown as a monocropp and intercropped with potato
had positive ROCE except monocropped Chinese 1 which had a negative ROCE. Chinese
1 had a very low yield.
Chinese 2 (local variety) had the highest positive ROCE (Table 13) in both cropping
systems. However, Chinese 2 (local variety) intercropped with potato had higher ROCE
than planting Chinese 2 (local variety) alone. The higher ROCE obtained came from the
added profit from the intercrop (potato). In addition, CGP 34 had a high positive ROCE in
both cropping systems.
The positive ROCE implies that producing these entries especially when
intercropped with another plant is profitable.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
Table 13. Return on cash expenses of the six garden pea entries grown as a monocrop and
intercropped with potato
TREATMENT MARKET POTATO
TOTAL
GROSS
NET
ROCE
ABLE
YIELD
COST OF
SALE
INCOME
(%)
SEED
(g /15m2) PRODUCT
(Php.)
(Php.)
YIELD
ION
PER 15m2
(Php.)
(g)
GARDEN PEA
ALONE
CGP 13
280.4
235.26
336.48
101.22
43.02
CGP 34
535.3
235.26
642.36
407.1
173.04
CGP 59
394.4
235.26
473.28
238.02
101.17
Betag
358.7
235.26
430.44
195.18
82.96
Chinese 1
151.2
235.26
181.44
-53.82
-22.87
Chinese 2
605.1
235.26
726.12
490.86
208.64
(local variety)
MEAN
97.66
GARDEN PEA
+ POTATO
CGP 13+P
324.1
233
295.26
412.22
116.96
39.61
CGP 34+P
558.7
344
295.26
704.84
409.58
138.71
CGP 59+P
299.7
321
295.26
391.74
96.48
32.67
Betag+P
277.7
298
295.26
363.04
67.78
22.95
Chinese 1+P
307.4
390
295.26
407.88
112.62
38.14
Chinese 2+P
765.6
174
295.26
936.12
640.86
217.04
(local variety)
MEAN
81.52
*Total cost of production includes the cost of planting materials, trellis material and
organic fertilizer.
*Selling price of garden pea seeds is based on Php. 1200.00 per kilo.
*Potato tubers was sold at a price of 100 per kilo (based on the LaTop organic market
price)
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping garden pea with
potato; determine the best garden pea entry intercropped with potato; determine the
interaction effect of intercropping and garden pea entries; determine the profitability of the
garden pea entries intercropped with potato; and identify the most preferred garden pea
entry of farmers.
The
garden pea entries was not
significantly affecte
d by cropping system on
percentage emergence, maturity, flower and pod character, seed characters, seed yield and
reaction to pest. However, significant differences were observed on the number of flowers.
Most of the entries intercropped with potato have a negative ROCE due to the high cost of
production. Most of the monocropped garden pea entries had a positive ROCE due to their
high yield and low cost of production.
Chinese 1 and Chinese 1 (local variety) entries significantly produced the highest
number of pods per plant followed by CGP 34. Fewer pods were obtained from CGP 59
and Betag. CGP 34 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were significantly the tallest among the
entries. On the other hand, CGP 34 had the highest number of seeds per pod.
The garden pea entries Chinese 2 (local variety) and CGP 34 produced the highest
yield of marketable seeds and highest positive ROCE. On the other hand, monocropped
Chinese 1 have a negative ROCE due to their low marketable seed yield.
Furthermore, CGP 34, Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were mildly resistant
to pod borer while the rest were moderately resistant and susceptible to pod borer. All the
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
entries were moderately resistant to leaf miner. In addition, Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local
variety) were resistant to powdery mildew while the rest were moderately susceptible.
There were no significant interaction between the cropping systems and the garden
pea entries on percentage emergence, maturity, flower and pod characters, seed characters,
seed yield and reaction to pest.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, growing of garden pea entries either as monocrop
or intercropped with potato had similar maturity, resistance to pest, and yield. Among the
garden pea entries, CGP 34 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were the best performing entries
due to their high yield and moderate resistance to pod borer and leaf miner. Chinese 2 (local
variety) either planted as a monocrop or intercropped with potato had the highest positive
ROCE. CGP 34 also had above 100% ROCE.
In addition, Betag, Chinese 1 and Chinese 2 (local variety) were most preffered by
the farmers due to their high yield, good plant stand and good quality pods.
Recommendation
Based on the findings, Chinese 2 (local variety) and CGP 34 planted as a monocrop
or intercropped with potato are recommended for a more profitable organic seed
production.
In addition, growing garden pea using organic production practices is
recommended under Balili, Mankayan condition.
Further study on intercropping garden pea with other potato varieties or other crops
is also recommended.
Intercropping Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Entries with Potato Under Organic
Production System in Balili, Mankayan, Benguet | BANARIO, DARIO JR A. MARCH 2012
LITERATURE CITED
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DELA CRUZ, R.T. 2004. Growing Vegetable
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and
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March
7,
2012
from
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KRISTIANSEN, P., T. ACRAM and J. REGANOLD. 2006. Organic Agriculture: A
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LANTICAN, R. M. 2001. The Science and Practices of Crop Production.
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MOUNTAIN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE (MSAC). 1982. Benguet
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