BIBLIOGRAPHY APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013. Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet
Condition.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, PhD
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Taneg, MankayanBenguet to determine the best bush
snap bean varieties for seed yield production under Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet condition;
determine the best plant supplements applied to bush snap bean varieties; compare the
growth and seed yield of bush snap bean varieties applied with plant supplements; and
determine the profitability of seed production of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements in Taneg, MankayanBenguet.
Result showed that Contender had the highest weight of marketable, total and
computed seed yield, and ROCE.
Among the plant supplements applied, Vitazyme application resulted in higher
total and computed yield, and ROCE.
On the weight of 200-seed variety applied with Abundant harvest had the heaviest
weight.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
INTRODUCTION
Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown extensively in temperate as well as
subtropic regions. It is grown commercially for both fresh pods and seeds. It is also
important source of protein, carbohydrates, potassium and iron contents (Doijode, 2001).
In Mankayan, few farmers are planting bush beans as dry seed due to pest and
diseases such as bean rust and pod borer. It has also been observed that farmers do not give
proper attention to fertilization which may lead to low production and profit (Pang-ot
,2010).
At present, plant supplements have been found to increase the seed yield of bush
bean and improve soil structure and fertility. It can also increased profit for the farmers
because of better seed quality such as prolonged shelf-life higher density and weight
(AgBiotech, 2010).
Researches on application of plant supplement to bush bean reveal that there is a
substantial increase in yield (75 % yield increase) compared to untreated plants. This yield
gave rise to an additional profit of 5,784.7 pesos/acre (Acosta and Marrero, 2005).
Therefore, evaluation of the seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with different
plant supplement should be done.
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the best seed yielding bush bean varieties under Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet;
2. determine the best plant supplement applied to the bush bean varieties;
3. compare the growth and seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements; and
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
4. determine the profitability of seed production of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet.
The study was conducted from November 2012 to February 2013 at Taneg, Mankayan,
Benguet.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Importance of Organic Fertilizer
Organic farming is said to be original, main stream form of agriculture. Before the
development of synthesized fertilizer and pesticide, practice of crop rotation and
fertilization with animal manure and legumes were option available to most farmers to
maintaining crop productivity (Barker, 2010).
Organic fertilizer, not only in providing plants nutrient but in helping to control soil borne
disease, improve soil properties and maintain adequate soil moisture, has often been
emphasized (Nishimune, 1993). In addition, Organic fertilizers are naturally occurring
materials of biological or mineral origin and are low in nutrient concentration or solubility
or have both properties. Organic fertilizer may be altered physically in processing for
agricultural uses. The use of organic fertilizer, such as compost, is a method of recycling
materials that might otherwise be wasted. Crops with low demand for nitrogen from the
soil include those that are slow growing that have a very short growing season (Barker,
2010).
According to Deshmukh (2010), build up soil organic matter increased, bringing
stability in soil ph and enhancement in organic carbon which is essential for good soil
biological environment.
Effect of Climatic Factors on
Growth and Seed Yield of Beans
Common bean grow well in humid and cooler climatic condition. High quality is obtained
from seeds produced in cooler condition. It propagated by seed, which are sown directly in
the fields in rows. Seed germinate better when the soil temperature is 30 degree Celsius
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
while temperature greater than 35 degree celsius is deleterious to germination. Soils rich
in nutrient with good drainage are preferred for seed production (Cucci et al., 1994).
On physiological maturity, seed attain maximum weight and further in flow of dry matter
ceases. Simultaneously, pod change color becoming yellow which is a useful sign in
identifying seed maturity. Seed of early harvested pods (60 days from sowing) gave 25%
germination and germination increased to 99% in seed extracted from fruits pods 75 to 93
days old (Koning, 1994).
Common beans are adapted to a wide range of environment in tropical, temperate and semi-
arid condition throughout the world. Climate plays an important role in determining the
growth and development of a crop. The growth of crop through its various development
phases from germination to the crop maturity is guided by various environmental
components. Soil and atmosphere environment are the most important. Under semi-arid
condition several abiotic stress factor, such as drought, high temperature salinity affect crop
growth and productivity (Maiti, 1997).
Varietal Evaluation
A varietal evaluation is a process in crop breeding which provides comparison of promising
line with the local check on in order to establish the superiority of the lines developed by a
breeder. It is only through varietal evaluation that a breeder sees/shows the better
performance of the developed lines in terms of yield and quality, adaptability, resistance to
pest and diseases stress (Regmi, 1990).
Varietal evaluation is an indispensable part in any crop breeding program as only through
this evaluation that the performance of the variety is justified. Varietal evaluation gather
data on plant characters, yield and pod quality. Varietal evaluation in National Variety
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Testing Program is replicated and multi locational. This is done for 2 or more seasons
before an entry can be recommended for commercial production as national or regional
variety release (Tandang, 1990).
The importance of having a varietal evaluation is to observe performance character, such
as yield, earliness in maturity, vigor and its resistant to pest and diseases, because different
varieties have wide range of differences in plant size and yield performance (Work and
Carew, 1995).
Chammah (1990) suggested that the choice of variety is important. The further observed
that in many instances the wire use of improved variety has resulted in tremendous
increases in yield.
Seed Production of Bush Bean
The diversity of the prevailing environmental condition in different region of the world
affects bean production. Some factors which limit the production of beans are drought,
insect and diseases ( Van Schoonhoven et al.,1989).
To increased seed production it is necessary to adopt efficient agronomic practices such as
seed preparation, tillage, fertilizer application, water management, soil temperature and
harvesting methods (Maitii, 1997).
The production in the Philippines grows best in medium to high elevation areas
temperatures of 18-29oC. It can grown on the elevation areas during the cool, dry months
but the yields tends to be lower. The usually planted of bush bean are during October and
November to achieve higher percentage of pod set. It is suitable to clay loam soil, rich in
organic matter with ph ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. the production on bush bean year 2005 was
12,049 tons while on year 2006 it increased to 13, 493 tons. The major producer in the
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Philippines were the Cordillera Administrative Region (47%) and Cagayan Valley (28.5%)
(PCARRD, 2006).
Effect of plant supplements
on growth and seed yield of beans
Like all living things, plants need a variety of nutrients to be at their best. Make sure your
plants are getting the minerals and other specialty nutrients they require (Plant natural).
These plant supplements are vitazyme, sagana 2000 and abundant harvest. Vitazyme can
greatly enhance the plant ability to uptake nutrients giving them the boost they need to
launch them into growth. It will enhance the plant value, all while improving soil structure
and environment. One to three more treatments throughout the crop cycle can greatly
enhance the plant ability to reach its genetic potential (Plant Lightning Hydroponics, 1990)
In this non-replicated snap bean field study, Vitazyme applied at planting and again at
prebloom boosted high yield. The plants were a bit taller and the beans a bit larger as well
with Vitazyme use. Using a starter fertilizer along with Vitazyme would likely have led to
an improved response in this moderately fertile soil (OMRI, 2005).
Sagana 2000 is a fortified organic-based liquid fertilizer extracted from various organic
materials reduced to humus form and with both macro- and micro-elements. These
components work together to provide a well-balanced supply of nutrients for a healthy,
vigorous and productive plants,more resistant to the attack of pests and diseases. This is
fast-acting for it provides direct supply of nutrient to the leaves, considered as the food
factory of the plant and being organic-based it is highly biodegradable and environment
friendly (Sagana 100 Phil.Inc., 2010).
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An area of 225 m2 was properly cleaned and prepared. The area was been divided into three
blocks consisting of fifteen plots each measuring 1m x 5m. The experiment was laid out
using split plot design and was replicated three times.
Cultural management practices such as irrigation, weeding and hilling up were been
uniformly employed to all treatments. Chicken dung was applied basally to the soil with a
rate of 5kg per 5m2 one week before planting. Two seeds were been sown per hill with a
distance of 25cm x 25cm between hills and rows.
Main plot
Sub plot
F1-Vitazyme
V1- Hab 63
F2-Sagana 2000
V2-Sablan
F3-Abundant Harvest
V3-Contender
V4-Bokod
V5-Bush Blue Lake
The data gathered were the following:
1. Meteorological data. The temperature and relative humidity were taken by using a
hygrometer. Rainfall was taken by placing plastic containers within the field to collect
water when precipitation occurs. The volume of water collected was measured using a
graduated cylinder. Rainfall was recorded by getting the average volume of water from the
plastic container. Light intensity was taken by using a digital light meter.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
2. Initial and Final Soil Analysis. Soil samples were taken from the experimental area
before and right after harvest. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil pH, and organic
matter content of the soil were analyzed at the Department of Agriculture, Soil
Laboratory, San Fernando.
3. Number of days from sowing to emerge. This was determined by counting the
days from sowing to emergence.
4. Number of days from sowing to flowering. This was determined by counting
the days from sowing to the time when 50% of plants per plot start to produce flowers.
5. Number of days from sowing to pod setting. This was obtained by counting the
days from emergence until the appearance of small pods.
6. Number of days from pod setting to seed maturity. This was taken by counting
the number of days from pod setting to seed maturity (when pods turn to yellow).
7. Number of seed per pod. This was taken by counting the number of seed per pod
from ten sample plants.
8. Initial and final height (cm). This was recorded by measuring ten sample plants.
Initial plant height was recorded at two weeks after planting and final height was
recorded just after full flower bloom.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
9. Plant Vigor. This was recorded after 15 and 30 days after planting using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
1
Plants are weak with few stems and Poor Vigor
leaves; very pale
2 Plants are weak with few stems and less vigorous
leaves; pale
3
Better than vigorous Vigorous
4
Plants are moderately strong with Moderate vigorous
robust stem and leaves; leaves light
green in color
5
Plants are strong with robust stem and Highly vigorous
leaves; leaves are light to dark green color
10. Pest and diseases incidence. This was determined using the scale on bean rust and pod
borer (Tandang et al., 2008).
a) Bean rust. The reaction to bean rust was record using the following scale:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
1
No infestation per plot
Highly resistant
2
1%-25% of total plant/plot is infected
Mild resistant
3
26%-50% of total plant/plot is infected
Moderately resistant
4
51%-75% of total plant/plot is infected
Susceptible
5
76%-100%of total plant/plot is infected
Vey susceptible
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
b) Pod borer. This reaction of infestation of pod borer was obtained using the
following scale:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
1
No infestation per plot
Highly resistant
2
1-25% of total plant/plot is infected
Mild resistant
3
26-50% of total plant/plot is infected
Moderately resistant
4
51-75% of total plant/plot is infected
Susceptible
5
76-100% of total plant/plot is infected
Very susceptible
11. Total seed yield per plot(gm). Total seed yield per plot was recorded from
each treatment and weighed.
12. Number of seed per pod. The number of seed (developed or undeveloped) was
counted from ten random sample pods per treatment.
13. Weight of 200 seed (gm). Two hundred seeds per plot selected at random
were weighed right after drying to determine the average seed weight.
14. Computed seed yield per hectare (kg/ha). This was determined using the
formula:
Computed Seed Yield = Total yield per plot X 2
Plot size (m)
15. Weight of marketable seed (g). This was determined by weighing the smooth,
undamaged and seed free from pest and diseases.
14. Weight of non-marketable seed (g). This was obtained by getting the total
number and weight of marketable and non marketable seed per plot.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
15. Return on Cash Expense (ROCE ). This was determined using the following formula:
ROCE = Gross sales – Total expenses X 100
Total expences
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Split plot
Design with three replications in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The
significance of difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological data
Table 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and rainfall at
Mankayan, Benguet from November 2012 to February 2013. The temperature ranged from
24oC to 26oC. The relative humidity ranged from 63% to 69%. The highest light intensity
was noted in November (1156 lux) while the lowest was noted in the month of December
360 (lux). The rainfall amount ranged from 0 to 490 mL.
The meteorological data were not favorable for the production of bush bean. Bush
bean grows best with temperature between 15 to 21oC. It can also tolerate low temperature
and can tolerate warm temperature up to 25oC (HARRDEC, 2000).
Table 1. Meteorological data from November 2012 to February 2013
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
LIGHT
RAINFALL
MONTH
(oC)
HUMIDITY
INTENSITY
AMOUNT
(%)
(lux)
(mL)
November
26
63
1156
0
December
25
68
360
303
January
24
69
670
490
February
26
69
1109
0
MEAN
25
67
824
397
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Soil Chemical Property
pH. From an initial pH of 6.7, soil pH decreased to 6.07,6.03 and 6.0. According
to PCARDD (2006), bush bean are well suitable with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5.
Organic matter. Organic matter content in the soil increased to 1.2-1.5 % after harvesting.
Nitrogen. From an intial nitrogen of 0.05, an increased was observed to 0.075 and 0.06.
Phosphorous. Generally, an increase in soil phosphorous after harvesting the bush bean
was observed.
Potassium. An increased in soil potassium was observed after harvesting the bush bean
plants.
Table 2. Soil chemical property before planting and after harvesting
ORGANIC
NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM
pH
MATTER
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
( %)
Before
6.7
1.0
0.05
240
124
planting
After
harvesting
Vitazyme
6.03
1.5
0.075
380
331
Sagana
6.07
1.5
0.075
310
262
6.0
1.2
0.06
327
228
Abundant
harvest
Data analyzed at Soil Laboratory Department of Agriculture at San Fernando
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Days from sowing to
emergence
All the bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements uniformly emerged at
six days after sowing .
Days from sowing to
flowering and pod setting
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences were observed on the
number of days from sowing to flowering until pod setting of the five bush bean varieties
applied with different plant supplements.
Effect of varieties. There were no significant differences observed on the number of days
from sowing to flowering until pod setting of the different bush bean varieties to flower at
50 days and set pod at 53 days from sowing while Contendet, Bokod and Bush blue lake
was the earliest flower to 49 days and set pod at 52 days from sowing.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction observed on the number of
days from sowing to flowering until pod setting as affected by the varieties and the
different plant supplements.
Plant vigor 30 DAP and 60 DAP
All the varieties evaluated were highly vigorous at 30 DAP, with strong and robust
stems and leaves. At 60 DAP, All the plants were moderately vigorous strong and having
robust stem and leaves with light green in color.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
BLOCK 1
BLOCK 2
BLOCK 3
Figure 1. Plant vigor of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements at 30 DAP
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Table 3. Number of days from sowing to flowering and pod setting of bush bean varieties
applied with plant supplements
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM SOWING TO
TREATMENT
FLOWERING POD SETTING
Plant supplements (S)
Vitazyme
49
52
Sagana
49
52
Abundant harvest
50
53
Variety (V)
Hab 63
50
53
Sablan
50
53
Contender
49
52
Bokod
49
52
BBL 247
49
52
S x V
ns
ns
CV (a) %
1.80%
1.69%
CV (b) %
0.75%
0.71%
Means followed by common letters are not significant different ay 5% level of DMRT.
Initial and final plant height
Effect of plant supplements. Table 4 shows the plant height of bush beans applied
with different plant supplements at 15 and 50 DAP. Taller plants were noted on bush bean
varieties applied with Sagana having a height f 26.56 cm at 50 DAP
Effect of variety. The height of bush bean varieties at 15 and 50 DAP was highly
significant. Hab 63 was the tallest at 15 DAP while Contender, Bush blue lake and Hab 63
were the tallest at 50 DAP. The difference in plat height may be attributed to varietal
characteristics
Interaction effect. Statistically, there was no significant interaction between bush
bean varieties and the different plant supplements on the plant height.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Table 4. Intial and final height of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements
TREATMENT
PLANT HEIGHT ( cm)
15 DAP
50 DAP
Plant supplements (S)
Vitazyme
9.25
23.93
Sagana
9.65
26.56
Abundant harvest
9.53
24.45
Variety (V)
Hab 63
10.12a
25.30a
Sablan
8.96b
22.75b
Contender
9.28b
26.02a
Bokod
9.68b
24.96ab
Bush blue lake
9.34b
25.53a
S x V
ns
ns
CV (a) %
5.41
12.81
CV (b) %
6,28
9.02
Means followed by common letters are not significant different at 5% level of DMRT.
Number of flower per cluster,
pod per cluster and seed per pod
The five bush bean varieties applied with different plant supplements produced 5
flower per cluster, 4 pods per cluster and 6 seeds per pod.
Reaction to Bean Rust and Pod Borer
The bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements showed moderately
resistance to bean rust and pod borer which means 26- 50% of the total plants were
infected. Resistance to pest plays an important role in bush bean production because
infection could affect the photosynthetic activity of the plant (Tandang, 1990).
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Weight of 200 seeds
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences on weight of 200 seeds harvested
from the different bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements were observed. The
two hundred seed weight of the plant ranged from 95.47 to 95.40 grams.
Effect of variety. There was no significant difference observed on the weight of 200-seeds
weight of the bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements. Contender had the
highest 200-seed weight of 101.89 g.
Interaction effect .There was a highly significant interaction observed on the weight of 200
seeds from bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements applied with abundant
harvest had heaviest weight of 200 seeds (Figure 1).
Table 5. Weight of 200 seeds of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements
TREATMENTS
WEIGHT OF 200 SEED
(g)
Plant supplemtns ( S )
Vitazyme
95.40
Sagana
95.00
Abundant harvest
95.47
Variety(V)
Hab 63
91.89
Sablan
93.89
Contender
101.89
Bokod
94.78
Bush blue lake
94.00
S x V
**
CV a%
0.73
CV B %
2.10
Means followed by common letters are not significant different at 5% level of DMRT.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
104
102
100
98
Hab 63
96
Sablan
94
92
Contender
90
Bokod
88
Bush blue
lake
86
84
82
Vitazayme
Sagana
Abundant harvest
Figure 2. Interaction between bush bean varieties and plant supplements on 200-seed
Weight
Weight of marketable and
non-marketable seed
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences were observed on the weight of
marketable and non marketable seed. Bush bean applied with vitazyme had the highest
weight of marketable seeds.
Effect of varieties. Highly significant differences were observed on the weight of
marketable seeds of plant applied with different plant supplements. Contender (510 g) had
the highest weight of marketable seeds followed by Bush blue lake (450 g), Hab 63 (420
g), and Bokod (410 kg) while the lowest was obtained from Sablan. Non-marketable seed
weight ranges from 13-19 g.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the plant supplements
and bush bean varieties in terms of weight of marketable and non-marketable seed.
Total and Computed yield
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences were observed on total and
computed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements. It was observed that
plants applied with vitazyme had the highest total and computed yield.
Effect of varieties. Highly significant differences were observed on the total and
computed yield of the bush bean varieties. Contender produced the highest total yield.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was noted in terms of total and
computed of bush bean varieties applied with different plant supplements.
Table 6. Total yield and computed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements
TREATMENTS
TOTAL YIELD
COMPUTED YIELD
(g)
(kg/ ha)
Plant Supplements ( S)
Vitazyme
455
0.91
Sagana
428
0.87
Abundant harvest
447
0.95
Variety ( V)
Hab 63
431b
0.87b
Sablan
360b
0.71c
Contender
530a
1.06a
Bokod
400b
0.86b
Bush blue lake
430b
0.86b
S x V
ns
ns
CV a %
12.59
12.06
CV b %
9.98
9.95
Means followed by common letters are not significant different at 5% level of DMRT.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Table 7. Return on cash expenses of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements
TREATMENT YIELD
GROSS
COST
OF NET
ROCE
(kg/5m2)
INCOME
PRODUCTION
INCOME
(%)
(PhP)
(PhP)
Vitazyme
Hab 63
1.26
378.00
275.00
103.00
37.45
Sablan
1.07
321.00
275.00
46.00
16.72
Contender
1.59
477.00
275.00
202.00
73.45
Bokod
1.22
366.00
275.00
91.00
33.1
BBL 247
1.21
363.00
275.00
88.00
32
Mean
1.27
381.00
275.00
106.00
38.54
Sagana
Hab 63
1.27
381.00
297.50
83.50
28.07
Sablan
1.03
309.00
297.50
11.50
3.87
Contender
1.61
483.00
297.50
185.50
62.35
Bokod
1.31
393.00
297.50
95.50
32.10
BBL 247
1.36
408.00
297.50
110.50
37.14
Mean
1.32
396.00
297.50
98.50
33.11
Abundant
harvest
Hab 63
1.38
414.00
337.50
76.50
22.67
Sablan
1.1
330.00
337.50
-7.50
-0.02
Contender
1.57
471.00
337.50
133.50
39.56
Bokod
1.34
402.00
337.50
64.50
19.11
BBL 247
1.29
387.00
337.50
49.50
14.67
Mean
1.34
402.00
337.50
64.50
19.41
*Bush bean seeds were sold at Php 300/kg
*Cost of production includes land preparation, plant supplements, seeds and labor
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Return on cash expense
Table 7 shows the return on cash expense (ROCE) of the bush bean varieties
applied with plant supplements. Contender applied Vitazyme also gave the highest ROCE
of 73.5 %. A negative ROCE result from Sablan applied with Abundant harvest.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements was conducted at
Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet from November 2012 to February 2013. The objectives of the
study were to determine the best seed yielding bush bean varieties under Taneg, Mankayan,
Benguet; determine the best plant supplements for bush bean seed productions; compare
the growth and seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements; and
determine the profitability of seed production of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplement in Taneg Mankayan Benguet.
Among the bush bean varieties, significant difference were observed on plant
height, marketable seed weight, total yield and computed yield. Contender produced the
highest yield and ROCE.
In terms of plant supplement application, no significant difference were observed on all
parameters gathered.
A significant interaction between bush bean varieties and plant supplements were observed
on weight of 200-seeds. Contender applied with Abundant harvest produced the highest
200-seed weight.
Contender applied with Vitazyme had the highest ROCE of 73.45%
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Conclusion
Based on findings, Contender was the best performer total and computed yield and
ROCE.
Application of Vitazyme to the bush bean plants produced higher seed yield and
profit.
The combination of contender and vitazym produced the highest yield and ROCE.
Recommendation
Contender is recommended for bush bean seed production under Taneg, Mankayan,
Benguet condition while Vitazyme could be applied as a plant supplements.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
ACOSTA,G.J and W.G. MARRERO. 2007. Vitazyme on Dry Beans. Retrieved on January
7, 2013 from http://agbionic.com/PDFCropreports/DryBeans1995-200-2007.pdf.
AG BIOTECH. 2010.Vitazyme an all natural biostimulant concentate. Retrieved on
february 10, 2013 from http://agbioinc.com/english/
BARKER, A. V. 2010.Science and Technology of Organic farming . London New York.
CRC Press. Pp 7-13.
DESHMUKH, S.N. 2010. Organic Farming Principles, Prospect and Problem. New Delhi,
Agrohos India. P.17.
CHAMMA, H., F. MARCOS ., and C.ROCOMO. 1990. Maturation of Seed of Aroano
bean and its influence on the storage potential seed science technology.18-371-382
CUCCI, G.,A. D. CARO, L. CICIRETTI, and B. LEONI.1994. Salinity and Seed
Germination of some vegetables crops.Acta Hort. no.362:305-309
DOIJODE, S. N. 2001. Seed Storage of Horticultural crops. New York. London. Oxford.
Howarthon Press. Inc. Pp. 235-240.
KONING,R. E.1994. Morphology and anatomy. Retrieved on July 29,2012 from
http://plantphys.info/plants_human/morpanat.shtml.
MAITII ,R.K. 1997. Bean Science. Puelo, Mexico: Science Publishers Inc. Pp.1-2, 15-16,
23.
NISHIMUNE, A. 1993. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Combination of Organic
and In organic Fertilizer for Crop Production. ASPAC.Japan. Upland Agriculture Research
Center. P1.
OMRI. 2005.Vitazyme on All Natural Biostimulant Concentrate. Retreived on January 7,
2013
from
http://www.plantdesigns.com/vitazyme/field_studies/show/2003-north-
america17.
PANGO-OT. 2010. Standard procedure and guidelines from national cooperative(NCT).
National Seed Industry Council.Department of Agriculture.Bureau of Plant Industry. P.29.
PHILIIPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL
RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (PCARRD). 2006. Organic Fertilizer
and Utilization. Los Banos, Laguna: PCARRD. P. 132.
PLANT LIGHTNING HYDROPONICS. 1990. Plant Supplement and Method for
Increasing Plant Productivity and Quality. Retreived on August 1, 2012 from http://www.
plantlightninghydroponics.com/index.php.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
REGMI, S.K. 1990. Varietal Evaluation of Promising Lines and Path Coefficient Analysis
in Pole Snapbean( Phaseolous vulgaris I. ). MS Thesis. Benguet State University.
SAGANA 100 PHILIPPINE INCORPORATION. 2010. Sagana 100 Philippine
Incorporation, A Vision of A World in Perfect Abundance. Retrieved on January 7, 2013
from http://sagana100phils.com/our-products.html.
TANDANG, L. A.1990. Promising Varieties of Snap Bean in the Highlands. Paper
Presented at Regional Symposium on Research and Development Highland.RSDC, BSU.
L ATRINIDAD BENGUET. P. 17-18
VAN SCHOONHOVEN, A. and O. VOYSESTS. 1991. Common bean: Research for Crop
Improvement.Wallinlingfork,UK:CAB International.
WORK, D. and J. CAREW. 1995. Poducing vegetables crop. The Interstate Printers and
Publisher, Inc. printed in the United State of America. P. 238.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013. Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet
Condition.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, PhD
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Taneg, MankayanBenguet to determine the best bush
snap bean varieties for seed yield production under Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet condition;
determine the best plant supplements applied to bush snap bean varieties; compare the
growth and seed yield of bush snap bean varieties applied with plant supplements; and
determine the profitability of seed production of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements in Taneg, MankayanBenguet.
Result showed that Contender had the highest weight of marketable, total and
computed seed yield, and ROCE.
Among the plant supplements applied, Vitazyme application resulted in higher
total and computed yield, and ROCE.
On the weight of 200-seed variety applied with Abundant harvest had the heaviest
weight.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
INTRODUCTION
Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown extensively in temperate as well as
subtropic regions. It is grown commercially for both fresh pods and seeds. It is also
important source of protein, carbohydrates, potassium and iron contents (Doijode, 2001).
In Mankayan, few farmers are planting bush beans as dry seed due to pest and
diseases such as bean rust and pod borer. It has also been observed that farmers do not give
proper attention to fertilization which may lead to low production and profit (Pang-ot
,2010).
At present, plant supplements have been found to increase the seed yield of bush
bean and improve soil structure and fertility. It can also increased profit for the farmers
because of better seed quality such as prolonged shelf-life higher density and weight
(AgBiotech, 2010).
Researches on application of plant supplement to bush bean reveal that there is a
substantial increase in yield (75 % yield increase) compared to untreated plants. This yield
gave rise to an additional profit of 5,784.7 pesos/acre (Acosta and Marrero, 2005).
Therefore, evaluation of the seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with different
plant supplement should be done.
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the best seed yielding bush bean varieties under Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet;
2. determine the best plant supplement applied to the bush bean varieties;
3. compare the growth and seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements; and
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
4. determine the profitability of seed production of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet.
The study was conducted from November 2012 to February 2013 at Taneg, Mankayan,
Benguet.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Importance of Organic Fertilizer
Organic farming is said to be original, main stream form of agriculture. Before the
development of synthesized fertilizer and pesticide, practice of crop rotation and
fertilization with animal manure and legumes were option available to most farmers to
maintaining crop productivity (Barker, 2010).
Organic fertilizer, not only in providing plants nutrient but in helping to control soil borne
disease, improve soil properties and maintain adequate soil moisture, has often been
emphasized (Nishimune, 1993). In addition, Organic fertilizers are naturally occurring
materials of biological or mineral origin and are low in nutrient concentration or solubility
or have both properties. Organic fertilizer may be altered physically in processing for
agricultural uses. The use of organic fertilizer, such as compost, is a method of recycling
materials that might otherwise be wasted. Crops with low demand for nitrogen from the
soil include those that are slow growing that have a very short growing season (Barker,
2010).
According to Deshmukh (2010), build up soil organic matter increased, bringing
stability in soil ph and enhancement in organic carbon which is essential for good soil
biological environment.
Effect of Climatic Factors on
Growth and Seed Yield of Beans
Common bean grow well in humid and cooler climatic condition. High quality is obtained
from seeds produced in cooler condition. It propagated by seed, which are sown directly in
the fields in rows. Seed germinate better when the soil temperature is 30 degree Celsius
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
while temperature greater than 35 degree celsius is deleterious to germination. Soils rich
in nutrient with good drainage are preferred for seed production (Cucci et al., 1994).
On physiological maturity, seed attain maximum weight and further in flow of dry matter
ceases. Simultaneously, pod change color becoming yellow which is a useful sign in
identifying seed maturity. Seed of early harvested pods (60 days from sowing) gave 25%
germination and germination increased to 99% in seed extracted from fruits pods 75 to 93
days old (Koning, 1994).
Common beans are adapted to a wide range of environment in tropical, temperate and semi-
arid condition throughout the world. Climate plays an important role in determining the
growth and development of a crop. The growth of crop through its various development
phases from germination to the crop maturity is guided by various environmental
components. Soil and atmosphere environment are the most important. Under semi-arid
condition several abiotic stress factor, such as drought, high temperature salinity affect crop
growth and productivity (Maiti, 1997).
Varietal Evaluation
A varietal evaluation is a process in crop breeding which provides comparison of promising
line with the local check on in order to establish the superiority of the lines developed by a
breeder. It is only through varietal evaluation that a breeder sees/shows the better
performance of the developed lines in terms of yield and quality, adaptability, resistance to
pest and diseases stress (Regmi, 1990).
Varietal evaluation is an indispensable part in any crop breeding program as only through
this evaluation that the performance of the variety is justified. Varietal evaluation gather
data on plant characters, yield and pod quality. Varietal evaluation in National Variety
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Testing Program is replicated and multi locational. This is done for 2 or more seasons
before an entry can be recommended for commercial production as national or regional
variety release (Tandang, 1990).
The importance of having a varietal evaluation is to observe performance character, such
as yield, earliness in maturity, vigor and its resistant to pest and diseases, because different
varieties have wide range of differences in plant size and yield performance (Work and
Carew, 1995).
Chammah (1990) suggested that the choice of variety is important. The further observed
that in many instances the wire use of improved variety has resulted in tremendous
increases in yield.
Seed Production of Bush Bean
The diversity of the prevailing environmental condition in different region of the world
affects bean production. Some factors which limit the production of beans are drought,
insect and diseases ( Van Schoonhoven et al.,1989).
To increased seed production it is necessary to adopt efficient agronomic practices such as
seed preparation, tillage, fertilizer application, water management, soil temperature and
harvesting methods (Maitii, 1997).
The production in the Philippines grows best in medium to high elevation areas
temperatures of 18-29oC. It can grown on the elevation areas during the cool, dry months
but the yields tends to be lower. The usually planted of bush bean are during October and
November to achieve higher percentage of pod set. It is suitable to clay loam soil, rich in
organic matter with ph ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. the production on bush bean year 2005 was
12,049 tons while on year 2006 it increased to 13, 493 tons. The major producer in the
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Philippines were the Cordillera Administrative Region (47%) and Cagayan Valley (28.5%)
(PCARRD, 2006).
Effect of plant supplements
on growth and seed yield of beans
Like all living things, plants need a variety of nutrients to be at their best. Make sure your
plants are getting the minerals and other specialty nutrients they require (Plant natural).
These plant supplements are vitazyme, sagana 2000 and abundant harvest. Vitazyme can
greatly enhance the plant ability to uptake nutrients giving them the boost they need to
launch them into growth. It will enhance the plant value, all while improving soil structure
and environment. One to three more treatments throughout the crop cycle can greatly
enhance the plant ability to reach its genetic potential (Plant Lightning Hydroponics, 1990)
In this non-replicated snap bean field study, Vitazyme applied at planting and again at
prebloom boosted high yield. The plants were a bit taller and the beans a bit larger as well
with Vitazyme use. Using a starter fertilizer along with Vitazyme would likely have led to
an improved response in this moderately fertile soil (OMRI, 2005).
Sagana 2000 is a fortified organic-based liquid fertilizer extracted from various organic
materials reduced to humus form and with both macro- and micro-elements. These
components work together to provide a well-balanced supply of nutrients for a healthy,
vigorous and productive plants,more resistant to the attack of pests and diseases. This is
fast-acting for it provides direct supply of nutrient to the leaves, considered as the food
factory of the plant and being organic-based it is highly biodegradable and environment
friendly (Sagana 100 Phil.Inc., 2010).
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An area of 225 m2 was properly cleaned and prepared. The area was been divided into three
blocks consisting of fifteen plots each measuring 1m x 5m. The experiment was laid out
using split plot design and was replicated three times.
Cultural management practices such as irrigation, weeding and hilling up were been
uniformly employed to all treatments. Chicken dung was applied basally to the soil with a
rate of 5kg per 5m2 one week before planting. Two seeds were been sown per hill with a
distance of 25cm x 25cm between hills and rows.
Main plot
Sub plot
F1-Vitazyme
V1- Hab 63
F2-Sagana 2000
V2-Sablan
F3-Abundant Harvest
V3-Contender
V4-Bokod
V5-Bush Blue Lake
The data gathered were the following:
1. Meteorological data. The temperature and relative humidity were taken by using a
hygrometer. Rainfall was taken by placing plastic containers within the field to collect
water when precipitation occurs. The volume of water collected was measured using a
graduated cylinder. Rainfall was recorded by getting the average volume of water from the
plastic container. Light intensity was taken by using a digital light meter.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
2. Initial and Final Soil Analysis. Soil samples were taken from the experimental area
before and right after harvest. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil pH, and organic
matter content of the soil were analyzed at the Department of Agriculture, Soil
Laboratory, San Fernando.
3. Number of days from sowing to emerge. This was determined by counting the
days from sowing to emergence.
4. Number of days from sowing to flowering. This was determined by counting
the days from sowing to the time when 50% of plants per plot start to produce flowers.
5. Number of days from sowing to pod setting. This was obtained by counting the
days from emergence until the appearance of small pods.
6. Number of days from pod setting to seed maturity. This was taken by counting
the number of days from pod setting to seed maturity (when pods turn to yellow).
7. Number of seed per pod. This was taken by counting the number of seed per pod
from ten sample plants.
8. Initial and final height (cm). This was recorded by measuring ten sample plants.
Initial plant height was recorded at two weeks after planting and final height was
recorded just after full flower bloom.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
9. Plant Vigor. This was recorded after 15 and 30 days after planting using the
following scale:
SCALE DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
1
Plants are weak with few stems and Poor Vigor
leaves; very pale
2 Plants are weak with few stems and less vigorous
leaves; pale
3
Better than vigorous Vigorous
4
Plants are moderately strong with Moderate vigorous
robust stem and leaves; leaves light
green in color
5
Plants are strong with robust stem and Highly vigorous
leaves; leaves are light to dark green color
10. Pest and diseases incidence. This was determined using the scale on bean rust and pod
borer (Tandang et al., 2008).
a) Bean rust. The reaction to bean rust was record using the following scale:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
1
No infestation per plot
Highly resistant
2
1%-25% of total plant/plot is infected
Mild resistant
3
26%-50% of total plant/plot is infected
Moderately resistant
4
51%-75% of total plant/plot is infected
Susceptible
5
76%-100%of total plant/plot is infected
Vey susceptible
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
b) Pod borer. This reaction of infestation of pod borer was obtained using the
following scale:
SCALE
DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
1
No infestation per plot
Highly resistant
2
1-25% of total plant/plot is infected
Mild resistant
3
26-50% of total plant/plot is infected
Moderately resistant
4
51-75% of total plant/plot is infected
Susceptible
5
76-100% of total plant/plot is infected
Very susceptible
11. Total seed yield per plot(gm). Total seed yield per plot was recorded from
each treatment and weighed.
12. Number of seed per pod. The number of seed (developed or undeveloped) was
counted from ten random sample pods per treatment.
13. Weight of 200 seed (gm). Two hundred seeds per plot selected at random
were weighed right after drying to determine the average seed weight.
14. Computed seed yield per hectare (kg/ha). This was determined using the
formula:
Computed Seed Yield = Total yield per plot X 2
Plot size (m)
15. Weight of marketable seed (g). This was determined by weighing the smooth,
undamaged and seed free from pest and diseases.
14. Weight of non-marketable seed (g). This was obtained by getting the total
number and weight of marketable and non marketable seed per plot.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
15. Return on Cash Expense (ROCE ). This was determined using the following formula:
ROCE = Gross sales – Total expenses X 100
Total expences
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Split plot
Design with three replications in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The
significance of difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological data
Table 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and rainfall at
Mankayan, Benguet from November 2012 to February 2013. The temperature ranged from
24oC to 26oC. The relative humidity ranged from 63% to 69%. The highest light intensity
was noted in November (1156 lux) while the lowest was noted in the month of December
360 (lux). The rainfall amount ranged from 0 to 490 mL.
The meteorological data were not favorable for the production of bush bean. Bush
bean grows best with temperature between 15 to 21oC. It can also tolerate low temperature
and can tolerate warm temperature up to 25oC (HARRDEC, 2000).
Table 1. Meteorological data from November 2012 to February 2013
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
LIGHT
RAINFALL
MONTH
(oC)
HUMIDITY
INTENSITY
AMOUNT
(%)
(lux)
(mL)
November
26
63
1156
0
December
25
68
360
303
January
24
69
670
490
February
26
69
1109
0
MEAN
25
67
824
397
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Soil Chemical Property
pH. From an initial pH of 6.7, soil pH decreased to 6.07,6.03 and 6.0. According
to PCARDD (2006), bush bean are well suitable with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5.
Organic matter. Organic matter content in the soil increased to 1.2-1.5 % after harvesting.
Nitrogen. From an intial nitrogen of 0.05, an increased was observed to 0.075 and 0.06.
Phosphorous. Generally, an increase in soil phosphorous after harvesting the bush bean
was observed.
Potassium. An increased in soil potassium was observed after harvesting the bush bean
plants.
Table 2. Soil chemical property before planting and after harvesting
ORGANIC
NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM
pH
MATTER
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
( %)
Before
6.7
1.0
0.05
240
124
planting
After
harvesting
Vitazyme
6.03
1.5
0.075
380
331
Sagana
6.07
1.5
0.075
310
262
6.0
1.2
0.06
327
228
Abundant
harvest
Data analyzed at Soil Laboratory Department of Agriculture at San Fernando
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Days from sowing to
emergence
All the bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements uniformly emerged at
six days after sowing .
Days from sowing to
flowering and pod setting
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences were observed on the
number of days from sowing to flowering until pod setting of the five bush bean varieties
applied with different plant supplements.
Effect of varieties. There were no significant differences observed on the number of days
from sowing to flowering until pod setting of the different bush bean varieties to flower at
50 days and set pod at 53 days from sowing while Contendet, Bokod and Bush blue lake
was the earliest flower to 49 days and set pod at 52 days from sowing.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction observed on the number of
days from sowing to flowering until pod setting as affected by the varieties and the
different plant supplements.
Plant vigor 30 DAP and 60 DAP
All the varieties evaluated were highly vigorous at 30 DAP, with strong and robust
stems and leaves. At 60 DAP, All the plants were moderately vigorous strong and having
robust stem and leaves with light green in color.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
BLOCK 1
BLOCK 2
BLOCK 3
Figure 1. Plant vigor of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements at 30 DAP
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Table 3. Number of days from sowing to flowering and pod setting of bush bean varieties
applied with plant supplements
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM SOWING TO
TREATMENT
FLOWERING POD SETTING
Plant supplements (S)
Vitazyme
49
52
Sagana
49
52
Abundant harvest
50
53
Variety (V)
Hab 63
50
53
Sablan
50
53
Contender
49
52
Bokod
49
52
BBL 247
49
52
S x V
ns
ns
CV (a) %
1.80%
1.69%
CV (b) %
0.75%
0.71%
Means followed by common letters are not significant different ay 5% level of DMRT.
Initial and final plant height
Effect of plant supplements. Table 4 shows the plant height of bush beans applied
with different plant supplements at 15 and 50 DAP. Taller plants were noted on bush bean
varieties applied with Sagana having a height f 26.56 cm at 50 DAP
Effect of variety. The height of bush bean varieties at 15 and 50 DAP was highly
significant. Hab 63 was the tallest at 15 DAP while Contender, Bush blue lake and Hab 63
were the tallest at 50 DAP. The difference in plat height may be attributed to varietal
characteristics
Interaction effect. Statistically, there was no significant interaction between bush
bean varieties and the different plant supplements on the plant height.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Table 4. Intial and final height of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements
TREATMENT
PLANT HEIGHT ( cm)
15 DAP
50 DAP
Plant supplements (S)
Vitazyme
9.25
23.93
Sagana
9.65
26.56
Abundant harvest
9.53
24.45
Variety (V)
Hab 63
10.12a
25.30a
Sablan
8.96b
22.75b
Contender
9.28b
26.02a
Bokod
9.68b
24.96ab
Bush blue lake
9.34b
25.53a
S x V
ns
ns
CV (a) %
5.41
12.81
CV (b) %
6,28
9.02
Means followed by common letters are not significant different at 5% level of DMRT.
Number of flower per cluster,
pod per cluster and seed per pod
The five bush bean varieties applied with different plant supplements produced 5
flower per cluster, 4 pods per cluster and 6 seeds per pod.
Reaction to Bean Rust and Pod Borer
The bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements showed moderately
resistance to bean rust and pod borer which means 26- 50% of the total plants were
infected. Resistance to pest plays an important role in bush bean production because
infection could affect the photosynthetic activity of the plant (Tandang, 1990).
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Weight of 200 seeds
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences on weight of 200 seeds harvested
from the different bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements were observed. The
two hundred seed weight of the plant ranged from 95.47 to 95.40 grams.
Effect of variety. There was no significant difference observed on the weight of 200-seeds
weight of the bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements. Contender had the
highest 200-seed weight of 101.89 g.
Interaction effect .There was a highly significant interaction observed on the weight of 200
seeds from bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements applied with abundant
harvest had heaviest weight of 200 seeds (Figure 1).
Table 5. Weight of 200 seeds of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements
TREATMENTS
WEIGHT OF 200 SEED
(g)
Plant supplemtns ( S )
Vitazyme
95.40
Sagana
95.00
Abundant harvest
95.47
Variety(V)
Hab 63
91.89
Sablan
93.89
Contender
101.89
Bokod
94.78
Bush blue lake
94.00
S x V
**
CV a%
0.73
CV B %
2.10
Means followed by common letters are not significant different at 5% level of DMRT.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
104
102
100
98
Hab 63
96
Sablan
94
92
Contender
90
Bokod
88
Bush blue
lake
86
84
82
Vitazayme
Sagana
Abundant harvest
Figure 2. Interaction between bush bean varieties and plant supplements on 200-seed
Weight
Weight of marketable and
non-marketable seed
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences were observed on the weight of
marketable and non marketable seed. Bush bean applied with vitazyme had the highest
weight of marketable seeds.
Effect of varieties. Highly significant differences were observed on the weight of
marketable seeds of plant applied with different plant supplements. Contender (510 g) had
the highest weight of marketable seeds followed by Bush blue lake (450 g), Hab 63 (420
g), and Bokod (410 kg) while the lowest was obtained from Sablan. Non-marketable seed
weight ranges from 13-19 g.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was observed between the plant supplements
and bush bean varieties in terms of weight of marketable and non-marketable seed.
Total and Computed yield
Effect of plant supplements. No significant differences were observed on total and
computed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements. It was observed that
plants applied with vitazyme had the highest total and computed yield.
Effect of varieties. Highly significant differences were observed on the total and
computed yield of the bush bean varieties. Contender produced the highest total yield.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction was noted in terms of total and
computed of bush bean varieties applied with different plant supplements.
Table 6. Total yield and computed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplements
TREATMENTS
TOTAL YIELD
COMPUTED YIELD
(g)
(kg/ ha)
Plant Supplements ( S)
Vitazyme
455
0.91
Sagana
428
0.87
Abundant harvest
447
0.95
Variety ( V)
Hab 63
431b
0.87b
Sablan
360b
0.71c
Contender
530a
1.06a
Bokod
400b
0.86b
Bush blue lake
430b
0.86b
S x V
ns
ns
CV a %
12.59
12.06
CV b %
9.98
9.95
Means followed by common letters are not significant different at 5% level of DMRT.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Table 7. Return on cash expenses of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements
TREATMENT YIELD
GROSS
COST
OF NET
ROCE
(kg/5m2)
INCOME
PRODUCTION
INCOME
(%)
(PhP)
(PhP)
Vitazyme
Hab 63
1.26
378.00
275.00
103.00
37.45
Sablan
1.07
321.00
275.00
46.00
16.72
Contender
1.59
477.00
275.00
202.00
73.45
Bokod
1.22
366.00
275.00
91.00
33.1
BBL 247
1.21
363.00
275.00
88.00
32
Mean
1.27
381.00
275.00
106.00
38.54
Sagana
Hab 63
1.27
381.00
297.50
83.50
28.07
Sablan
1.03
309.00
297.50
11.50
3.87
Contender
1.61
483.00
297.50
185.50
62.35
Bokod
1.31
393.00
297.50
95.50
32.10
BBL 247
1.36
408.00
297.50
110.50
37.14
Mean
1.32
396.00
297.50
98.50
33.11
Abundant
harvest
Hab 63
1.38
414.00
337.50
76.50
22.67
Sablan
1.1
330.00
337.50
-7.50
-0.02
Contender
1.57
471.00
337.50
133.50
39.56
Bokod
1.34
402.00
337.50
64.50
19.11
BBL 247
1.29
387.00
337.50
49.50
14.67
Mean
1.34
402.00
337.50
64.50
19.41
*Bush bean seeds were sold at Php 300/kg
*Cost of production includes land preparation, plant supplements, seeds and labor
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Return on cash expense
Table 7 shows the return on cash expense (ROCE) of the bush bean varieties
applied with plant supplements. Contender applied Vitazyme also gave the highest ROCE
of 73.5 %. A negative ROCE result from Sablan applied with Abundant harvest.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements was conducted at
Taneg, Mankayan, Benguet from November 2012 to February 2013. The objectives of the
study were to determine the best seed yielding bush bean varieties under Taneg, Mankayan,
Benguet; determine the best plant supplements for bush bean seed productions; compare
the growth and seed yield of bush bean varieties applied with plant supplements; and
determine the profitability of seed production of bush bean varieties applied with plant
supplement in Taneg Mankayan Benguet.
Among the bush bean varieties, significant difference were observed on plant
height, marketable seed weight, total yield and computed yield. Contender produced the
highest yield and ROCE.
In terms of plant supplement application, no significant difference were observed on all
parameters gathered.
A significant interaction between bush bean varieties and plant supplements were observed
on weight of 200-seeds. Contender applied with Abundant harvest produced the highest
200-seed weight.
Contender applied with Vitazyme had the highest ROCE of 73.45%
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
Conclusion
Based on findings, Contender was the best performer total and computed yield and
ROCE.
Application of Vitazyme to the bush bean plants produced higher seed yield and
profit.
The combination of contender and vitazym produced the highest yield and ROCE.
Recommendation
Contender is recommended for bush bean seed production under Taneg, Mankayan,
Benguet condition while Vitazyme could be applied as a plant supplements.
Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013
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Seed Yield of Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Plant
Supplements in Taneg, Mankayan, | APAN-AN, PELEN D. APRIL 2013