BIBLIOGRAPHY TANACIO, JENNIFER S. MARCH...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TANACIO, JENNIFER S. MARCH 2006. La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’
Level of Knowledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and Perceptions on FMD Information
Campaign
Adviser: Anna Liza B. Wakat, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess La Trinidad, Benguet meat vendors’ level of
knowledge on FMD, attitudes towards and perceptions on FMD information campaign. It
aimed to characterize the respondents of the study, to determine the respondents’ sources
of information about FMD, to rate the respondents’ knowledge level about FMD, to
determine the respondents’ attitude towards the campaign, and to determine the preferred
language and medium of information dissemination about Foot and Mouth Disease.
Data were gathered with the use of an interview schedule from 25 respondents
and were analyzed using frequency and percentages.
Most of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25 with more males than
females; most of them had formal education and married.
Findings show that the meat vendors were slightly knowledgeable on the
symptoms and affected animals of the disease. For its control measures, treatment and
mode of transfer, majority were not knowledgeable. For its effect on humans, majority
were highly knowledgeable since they know that this has no effect on humans’ health so
long as it is cooked well before eating.
The meat vendors were in favor of the control measures for FMD because
according to them, it promotes sanitation and safety and it helps in providing great
income. With this, they were willing to support the Foot and Mouth Disease Information
Campaign (FMDIC) by practicing the control measures and letting others know about the
campaign through sharing the information they have learned.
The respondents claimed that the campaign was helpful since it could help
increase pork’s productivity and it helps for a healthy swine production.
For information dissemination, seminar is most preferred for they can freely ask
questions and express their views or ideas to the lecturer. Iloko is the most preferred
language fort broadcast, while English for print.
Some of the respondents claimed that they were unaware of the information
Campaign.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were made;
1. The Department of Agriculture specially the Bureau of Animal Industry should
provide enough information on FMD to be aired on radio stations so that the
respondents will be updated and will gain knowledge about the disease and the
campaign;
2. FMD information can be localized-translated in Iloko and aired on cable channels
and radio, and;
3. Seminars should be conducted for meat vendors so they will be informed and they
could ask questions regarding RFMD.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
FMD History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Strains of FMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
FMD Task Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
FMD Absent for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Mode of Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Affected Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Preferred Language and Media. . . . . . . . . . .
8
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Respondents of the study . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
iii
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Sources of Information Regarding FMD
Symptoms and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Knowledge Level About FMD. . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Respondents’ Attitude Towards the FMDIC . . . . . . . . .
17
Perception Towards FMDIC . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Media and Language Preferences for
FMD Information Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
LITERARURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
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1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
One of the information campaigns conducted in the country with nationwide
coverage was on Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The Department of Agriculture
particularly the National Foot and Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF)- the first task
force in the Philippines that deals with animal disease conducted this information
campaign. It is under the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) and implements the National
Program for the control and Eradication of FMD in the Philippines (Anonymous, 2005).
The FMD Task Force had several activities on FMD information dissemination.
They had School - on the - Air (SOA) Program, which was aired weekly at DZWT in
2000; the Bureau of Animal Industry provided other topics tackled, which was in Manila.
Also, the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) produced radio plugs regarding FMD and
sponsored a play, which was held at Melvin Jones Grandstand, Burnham Park Baguio
City (Sabado, 2005).
Aside from using radio to inform the people, they also used print media
particularly the Baguio Midland Courier where some articles regarding FMD were
published. Magazines, leaflets, and comics were also used. Interviews on FMD were also
done during the KAPIHAN Program (Sabado, 2005).
At present the Livestock Sector in coordination with the FMD Task Force under
the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) is conducting an Emergency Preparedness System
(EMPRES) Seminar. A one-day seminar for certain disease such as FMD is an essential
component for future development of the livestock industries of all countries that wish to
trade internationally in livestock and non-livestock product. This seminar is on going by
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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province. Other means of information campaigns were done through billboards, leaflets
and brochures and FMD stickers with super pig, the FMD task Force mascot as the
highlight (Sabado, 2005).
According to Pangasinan Star (2005), Lingayen Pangasinan and the rest of Ilocos
region, including Cordilleras are all set to be officially declared Foot and Mouth Disease
Free on December 16,2005 (Pangasinanstar.blogspot.com, 2005).
FMD outbreaks in 2005 recorded a low of 41 outbreaks. A 67% decrease
compared to the previous year of 2004 with 123 outbreaks. FMD continued to haunt
Benguet Province (4 outbreaks) during the first quarter of the year. With vigilance in
monitoring and adherence in the control policies in key livestock premises specifically in
the slaughterhouse of Baguio, FMD cases were last reported on April 7, 2005 (Jayme,
2005).
If there will be no FMD case after April 7, 2006, Benguet will be declared as
FMD free? Are FMD and FMDIC known by the people? To answer this issues this study
aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio- demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What are the respondents’ sources of information about the FMD?
3. What is the knowledge level of the respondents’ about FMD?
4. What are the attitudes of the respondents towards the FMD Information
Campaign?
5. What are the perceptions of the respondents towards the FMD Information
Campaign?
6. What are the preferred language and medium of information about FMD?
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to:
1. Characterize the respondents of the study;
2. Determine the respondents’ sources of information about FMD;
3. Rate the respondents’ knowledge level about FMD;
4. Determine the respondents’ attitude towards the campaign;
5. List the perceptions of the respondents towards the campaign, and;
6. Determine the preferred language and medium of information dissemination
about the Foot and Mouth Disease.
Importance of the Study
Results of the study are expected to help the FMD Task Force in evaluating the
information campaigns conducted and will help them to determine if there is a need to
conduct more information campaigns.
Scope and Limitation
The study was conducted December 2005 – January 2006 in La Trinidad Benguet.
Only 25 meat vendors who had at least one year experience in selling meat in the said
area were the respondents. Purposive sampling was used in choosing the respondents.
The information gathered were on the respondents’ profile, respondents’ sources
of information about FMD, level of knowledge about FMD,attitude towards the
campaign, their perception on the campaign and the preferred language and medium of
information dissemination.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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The study did not include evaluation of the content of the different materials used
in the information campaign.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
FMD History
The first FMD documented case in the country was in 1902. The record of the city
veterinarian of Manila showed three cases of FMD in the shipment of animal meat from
Hong Kong, which was infected upon arrival in Manila. The disease spread to 25
provinces and continued until 1910. In 1911, it was reported only in the ports of entry,
especially among cattle that arrived from Hong Kong. During the next 80 years, periodic
epidemics occurred at 8-10 year intervals, between which there was little disease. As of
December 1995, out of the 29 provinces were classified as endemic (high incidence),
mesoendemic (moderate incidence) and sporadic (low incidence) (Anonymous, 2005).
Strains of FMD
There are seven known strains of FMD virus that three have been reported in the
Philippines over the last 80 years. Since 1994, however the current strain in the country is
serotype (O) and it may only affect pigs severely. There have been very few reports of
affected carabao or cattle and the few that have occurred have been very mild
(Anonymous, 2005).
FMD Task Force
The National Foot and Mouth Disease Task Force is the first task force in the
Philippines that deals with animal disease. It is under the Bureau of Animal Industry and
implements the National Program for the Control and Eradication of FMD in the
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Philippines. It is a nationwide network of Regional FMD Task Forces. Regional FMD
Task Forces still exist in mainland Luzon while FMD coordinators are maintained in
FMD-free areas as point persons in the FMD Prevention Campaign (Anonymous, 2005).
FMD Absent for the First Time
First in ten years this was the observation of government veterinarians as the
absence of FMD reports breached the three-month period last July 27. National FMD
Task Force Head Dr. Victor Atienza welcomed the development but cautioned that
complacency should not creep in. The NFMDTF received a total 37 report as of July 27.
Last year, the NFMDTF received already 75 cases. Most of the premises affected in the
current FMD reports were slaughterhouse, and backyard farms. Disease investigations
showed that majority of infection were caused by slaughterhouses, other includes
fomites, swill, stockyard holding yard, viajeros/livetock traders and auction market
(Anonymous, 2005).
Control Measures
Vaccination It is the most convenient and effective strategy to prevent sickness
and maintain health status of animals in areas of high prevalence (Anonymous, 2005).
Quarantine. Since FMD is transmitted directly and indirectly through people or
inanimate objects, controlling livestock movement is important. To avoid transfer of
animals from FMD-infected areas, the government has set-up checkpoints. People,
animals and vehicles coming to a non-infected area are checked. Vehicles are cleaned and
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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sprayed with disinfectants. Footbath for people are available at all entrances
(Anonymous, 2005).
Symptoms. Initially, affected pigs have a fever, do not eat and are reluctant to move. They
may have arched backs and red sore feet. On the snout and the feet, blisters or vesicles
may be seen. These vesicles rapture over a few days t6o heal over. As the pigs recover it
may be difficult to detect any abnormalities unless the snout and feet are examined
closely. Recovered pigs can still excrete virus up to 30 days (Benigno et.al, 2002).
Mode of Transfer
The virus is shed in large amounts from all discharges from infected stock even if
not showing symptoms. Spread can occur to other stock by direct contact with these
discharges, ruptured vesicles, saliva, breath, feces, urine, and milk or by indirect contact
by contacting objects which have been contaminated but discharges from infected stocks
such as meat, blood, offal, hides, vehicles, bedding, clothing, footwear, feet and hay
(Benigno et. al, 2002).
Affected animals
FMD affects all cloven-hoofed animals. So it does not affect horses, dogs, cats,
and people but affects pigs, sheep, goats, carabao and cattle. Ruminants also include that
of the family camiladae, where camels belong (Benigno et. al, 2002)
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Preferred Language and Media
For broadcast Iloko was the most preferred language by the respondents and
English for print.
Seminar is most preferred for information dissemination.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and time of the study
The study was conducted in Benguet; it has 13 municipalities and is composed of
different tribes, which include Kankana-ey and Ibaloi (Figure 1).
Specifically, the study was conducted in La Trinidad, which is one of the 13
municipalities of Benguet, and is chosen to be the study area (Figure 2), because it was
once affected by the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease and it was one of the area
where the Information Campaign on FMD was conducted.
La Trinidad is the capital of Benguet, and it is a first class municipality. It is
known to be the “Strawberry Capital of the Philippines”. Benguet State University (BSU)
is also found in the area, which is the only State University. The La Trinidad Vegetable
Trading post is also found in the area.
The study was conducted December 2005- January 2006.
Respondents of the Study
There were 25 respondents who are meat vendors for the study; purposive
sampling method was used in choosing the respondents. The criteria used in choosing
them were: the respondent may not be a resident of the area as long as he or she is a meat
vendor for at least one year.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Figure 1. Map of Benguet showing the locale of the study
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Map of La Trinidad, Benguet
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Data Collection
An interview schedule was used in gathering the necessary information. The
researcher personally interviewed the respondents and explained the questions foe
accurate and clear answers.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were on the respondents’ personal data, respondents’ source of
information about FMD, respondents’ level of knowledge about FMD, respondents’
attitude towards the campaign, respondents’ perception on the campaign and the
preferred language and medium of information dissemination.
Data Analysis
The data gathered was consolidated and analyzed using descriptive statistics such
as frequency and percentages.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile
Table 1 presents the personal profile of the 25 meat vendors in La Trinidad,
Benguet, which include age, sex, educational attainment and civil status. Forty percent or
10 respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25 years. There were more male (80%)
than female (20%) respondents and most of them were married (56%). This shows that
most of the meat vendors selling in the said area were young to middle-aged adults.
It also shows that most of the respondents had formal education with 48% who
reached secondary level and only one of them (4%) graduated from a vocational course.
Table 1. Demographic Profile of Meat Vendors in La Trinidad, Benguet
CHARACTERISTCS FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Age
16-25
10
40
26-35
6
24
36-45
7
28
46-60
2
8
Sex
Male
20
80
Female
5
20
Civil Status
Married
14
56
Single
11
44
Educational Attainment
Elementary
4
16
High School
12
48
College
8
32
Vocational
1
4
Total 25
100
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Sources of Information Regarding FMD Symptoms and Prevention
Table 2 presents the respondents’ sources of information regarding Foot and
Mouth Disease.
Among the 25 respondents, 32% got their information from radio and some or
12% from a seminar on Foot and Mouth Disease that was conducted by veterinarians.
Radio had the highest percentage because of its easy access and they can work while
listening to it. It was observed that meat vendors usually listen to radio program while in
their meat booths. This strengthens the characteristics of the radio that according to
Jamias (1975), it fulfills certain psychological needs because radio listening is easier to
do than reading or viewing movies or television. People can listen to it while working;
radio is more understood, more entertaining and more personal.
Table 2. Sources of Information of meat vendors on FMD
SOURCES FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Radio 8
32
Television 7
28
Newspaper 4
16
Seminar 3
12
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Knowledge Level about FMD
Table 3 presents the respondents’ knowledge level on the Foot and Mouth Disease
regarding its symptoms, control measures, treatment, and mode of transfer, affected
animals and its effect on humans.
Respondents were said to be “not knowledgeable” because they did not enumerate
any of the symptoms, treatment, safety measures, mode of transfer, affected animals or its
effect on humans. For the “slightly knowledgeable”, respondents mentioned at least two
to three correct answers and for the “highly knowledgeable”, respondents mentioned four
to five or they gave all the correct answers of what was being asked.
Table 3. La Trinidad meat vendors’ knowledge level on the symptoms and prevention of
FMD
NK
SK
HK
F P
F P
F P
N=25 (%)
N=25 (%)
N=25 (%)
Symptoms
5 20
16 64
4 16
Control measures
15 60
9 36
1 4
Treatment
18 72
6 24
1 4
Mode of Transfer
13 52
9 36
3 12
Affected animals
12 48
13 52
- -
Effect on humans
2 8
-__ -
23 92
Legend:
* NK- Not Knowledgeable
* SK- Slightly Knowledgeable
* HK- Highly Knowledgeable
* F- Frequency
* P- Percentage
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Symptoms. Majority (64%) of the respondents were slightly knowledgeable on the
symptoms because they enumerated some of it like, fever, sore feet and black spots on
the mouth area, while 20% were not knowledgeable because they did not know any of
the symptoms of the disease.
Control Measures. On the control measures, majority 60%) of the respondents
were not knowledgeable since they were not familiar with the imposed control measures,
while there was only one who was highly knowledgeable because he was aware of the
control measures such as vaccination, quarantine and isolation of infected swine.
Treatment. On its treatment majority (72%) of the respondents were not
knowledgeable, this is because they were not swine raisers, so they were not familiar with
the symptoms so it followed on the treatment.
Mode of Transfer. On the mode of transfer, majority or 52% were not
knowledgeable, while 12% were highly knowledgeable because they have attended some
seminar and were somehow aware of the disease.
Affected animals and its effect on humans. With regards to animals being affected
with FMD 52% said that aside from pig, other animal such as cattle is also affected thus
they were slightly knowledgeable. On its effect on humans, 92% were highly
knowledgeable because according to them this disease has no effect on humans’ health as
long as the meat is cooked well if to be eaten. The respondents answered correctly
because FMD has no effect on humans, although humans can be a carrier of the disease.
People can spread FMD by carrying the virus through their hands, feet and clothing. This
is called mechanical transmission through fomites.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Respondents’ Attitude towards the FMDIC
Table 4 presents the respondents attitude towards the Foot and mouth Disease
Information campaign (FMDIC). All or 100% of the respondents were in favor of the
control measures for FMD. On their reasons for favoring it, majority or 76% said it
promotes sanitation and safety. Other reasons were it helps in upgrading better quality of
meat products and it helps provide great income. It shows that their reasons were all
connected to their business as meat vendors.
Table 4. La Trinidad meat vendors’ reason for favoring the FMDIC
REASONS FRREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
It promotes sanitation and safety
19
76
It helps in upgrading better quality of meat
6 24
vendors
It helps provide great income
4
16
*Multiple responses
Table 5 presents the respondents’ ways of supporting the campaign. Out of the 25
respondents, 23 of them were willing to support the campaign by practicing the control
measures (52%) and 4% will let others know about the campaign. The other two
respondents were not willing to support the campaign because control measures were
expensive like vaccination and passing through slaughterhouses for butchering.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Table 5. La Trinidad meat vendors’ ways of supporting the FMDIC
Ways on how to support the FMDIC
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
By practicing the control measures
13
52
By recommending to others
12
48
By sharing the information to others
1
4
*Multiple responses
Table 6. La Trinidad meat vendors’ reasons for sharing and not sharing the FMDIC
REASONS FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Reasons for sharing
14 56
So that others will be given precautions for FMD
So that others will also gain knowledge about the
13 52
campaign
So that others will also share
4
16
Reasons for not sharing
Didn’t understand the control measures of the
information campaign
1
4
Not interested
1
4
*Multiple responses
Table 6 presents the respondents’ reasons for sharing and not sharing the FMD
Information Campaign. Among the 25 respondents, 23 (92%) of them were willing to
share the campaign and two (8%) were not willing. Reason for sharing was, so that they
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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will be given precautions for FMD occurrence (56%) and 4% said, so that they will also
share to others.
The reasons for not sharing were that, the respondents did not understand the
control measures and he was not interested.
Perception on the FMDIC
Table 7 presents the respondents’ perceptions towards the FMDIC. All (100%) of
the respondents claimed that the campaign was helpful, because it could help to increase
pork productivity (48%) and it could help for a healthy swine production (44%). This
means that respondents were aware of the economic effects of FMD and they see the
importance of the campaign in their business.
Table 7. La Trinidad meat vendors’ perceptions towards the FMDIC
HELPFULNESS OF THE CAMPAIGN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
It helps to increase pork productivity
12
48
It helps for a healthy swine production
11
44
For consumers’ safety and precaution
6
24
*Multiple responses
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Media and language preferences for FMD Information Campaign
Table 8 presents the preferred media for the information dissemination on FMD
Information campaign. Majority or 60% of the respondents preferred a seminar for
information dissemination so that they could interact with the lecturers by asking
questions and expressing their ideas. Next is television (52%) while only 12% preferred
billboards.
Table 8. La Trinidad meat vendors’ preferred media for FMD information dissemination
MEDIA FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Seminar
15
60
Television
13
52
Radio
7
28
Newspaper
4
16
Billboards
3
12
*Multiple responses
Table 9 presents the respondents’ preferred language for information
dissemination of FMD. For broadcast, 60% preferred Iloko since it is the common
language used in the area, while for print, 44% preferred English and 40% Filipino since
they claimed that these languages were easy to understand.
This coincides with the study of Paulino (2003), on AM and FM station
Listenership in Barangay Palina, Kibungan Benguet, that the respondents said that they
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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would like Iloko as a medium of communication to be used in airing such programs so
that they can easily understand the message.
Table 9. Preferred language in Information Dissemination
PREFERRED LANGUAGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Broadcast
Iloko
15
60
English
5
20
Filipino
5
20
Print
English
11
44
Filipino
10
40
Iloko
2
16
*Multiple responses
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted in La Trinidad Benguet, aimed to characterize the
respondents to determine the respondents’ sources of information about the Foot and
Mouth Disease (FMD), to rate the respondents’ knowledge level about FMD, to
determine the respondents’ attitude towards the campaign and to list the perceptions of
the respondents towards the campaign, to determine the preferred language and medium
of information dissemination about Foot and mouth Disease.
Data were gathered with the use of an interview schedule from 25 meat vendors
and were analyzed using frequency and percentages.
Most of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25 with more males than
females; most of them had formal education and married.
Findings show that the meat vendors were slightly knowledgeable on the
symptoms and affected animals of the disease. For its control measures, treatment and
mode of transfer, majority were not knowledgeable. For its effect on humans, majority
were highly knowledgeable since they knew that FMD has no effect on humans’ health as
long as the meat is cooked well before eating.
The meat vendors were in favor of the control measures for FMD because
according to them, it promotes sanitation and safety and it helps in providing great
income. With this, they were willing to support the Foot and mouth information
campaign (FMDIC) by practicing the control measures and letting others know about the
campaign through sharing the information they have learned.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
23
The respondents claimed that the campaign was helpful since it could help
increase pork productivity and it helps for a healthy swine production.
For information dissemination, seminar is most preferred for they can freely ask
questions and express their views or ideas to the lecturer. Iloko is the most preferred
language for broadcast, while English for print.
Some of the respondents claimed that they were unaware of the information
Campaign.
Conclusions
Based on the findings presented, the following conclusions are derived:
1. most of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25, high school graduates
and were married;
2. radio was the main source of information about the FMD symptoms and
preventions;
3. meat vendors needed more information on FMD since the study found out that
meat vendors were either not knowledgeable or slightly knowledgeable on its
effect, symptoms, affected animals, control measures, treatment and mode of
transfer;
4. respondents were in favor and willing to support and share the campaign;
5. they claimed that the campaign s\\was helpful;
6. for broadcast, Iloko is the most preferred language to be used while English and
Filipino for print; and
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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24
7. Seminar was the most preferred medium for FMD information dissemination.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are made;
1. The Department of Agriculture specially the Bureau of Animal Industry should
provide enough information on FMD to be aired on radio stations so that the
respondents will be updated and will gain knowledge about the disease and the
campaign;
2. FMD information can be localized-translated in Iloko and aired on cable channels
and radio, and;
3. Seminars should be conducted for the meat vendors so they will be informed and
they could ask questions regarding RFMD.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
25
LITERATURE CITED
BENIGNO,C.C. et.al . Bureau of Animal Industry.2002 Foot and Mouth Disease
Handbook for Field Officers. DA-BAI: Quezon City.
JAMIAS, J.F. 1975. Redaing in Development Communication. University of the
Philippines Laguna. Depertment of Developmet Communication.P.92.
JAYME, I.S.2006. The FMD Monitor.Vol.9 (3):3
ANONYMOUS.2005.BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.2002.FOOT AND MOUTH
DISEASE HANDBOOK FOR FIELD OFFICERS.DA-BAI, Quezon City, Pp1-4
ANONYMOUS.2005.NATIONAL FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE TASK
FORCE.nd.GVU’s 8th WWW user survey. Retrieved October 2005
http://www.fmdtaskforce.org.ph2005
MANUAL ON FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE-DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE.nd. Foot and mouth Disease Control and Management.DA-RFU-
CAR, Guisad Baguio City.Pp.1
PANGASINAN STAR.2006.retrieved March 2006 from
Pangasinanstar.blogspot.com/2005_12_18_pangasinanstar_archive.html
SABADO, J.2005. Programs of FMD Task Force (personal interview)
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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26
APPENDICES
Benguet State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Department of Extension Education
La Trinidad, Benguet
Nestor Fongwan
Municipal Mayor
La Trinidad, Benguet
Sir:
Warm
Greetings!
I am Jennifer S. Tanacio, a fourth year student of BS in Development
Communication at Benguet State University. I am presently conducting my
Undergraduate Thesis ( DevC 200), titled “Level of Knowledge on FMD, Attitudes and
Perceptions of Meat Vendors on FMD Information Campaign”.
In this regard, please allow me to conduct a survey among the meat vendors
within La Trinidad, Benguet.
Thank you very much and looking forward on your approval.
Respectfully yours,
Jennifer S. Tanacio
Researcher
Noted:
Anna Liza B. Wakat
Adviser
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Interview Schedule
I.
Respondent’s Profile
Respondents
Number:
Sex:______
Age:
______
Civil
Status:_____
II.
What are your sources of information regarding FMD symptoms and
prevention?
_____ leaflets
_____ magazines
_____ newspaper
_____ seminars
III. Knowledge Level
Not
Slightly
Highly
Knowledgeable
Knowledgable
Knowledgable
Symptoms
Control measures
Treatment
Mode of Transfer
Affected Animals
Effect on Human
IV.Attitudes towards the FMDIC
1. Are you in favor of the control measures for FMDIC?
_____ Yes, Why? _____ it promotes sanitation and health safety
_____ it helps in upgrading better quality
_____ it helps in providing great income
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ not practical in our place
_____ it can’t increase productivity
_____ it is time consuming
_____
expensive
_____ others (pls specify)
2. Are you willing to support the FMDIC?
_____ Yes, How? _____ by practicing the control measures
_____ by recommending it to others
_____ by informing listeners/ viewers
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ control measures are expensive to avail
_____ control measures are impractical
_____ control measures are not interesting
_____ others (pls specify)
3. Do you share to your neighbors or to anybody the FMD Information
Campaign?
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_____ Yes, Why? _____ so they will inform others
_____ so that they will be given precautions for FMD
_____ so that they will share it too
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ I didn’t understand the control measures of the
information campaign
_____ I’m not interested
_____ it is only a waste of time
_____ others (pls specify)
V.Perceptions towards the FMDIC
1.Is the campaign helpful?
_____ Yes, Why? _____ it helps for a healthy swine production
_____ it helps to increase pork productivity
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ it does not help for a healthy swine production
_____ it cannot increase pork productivity
_____ others (pls specify)
VI. Preferences
1. What is your preferred medium of information dissemination about the
FMDIC?
_____ radio
_____ television program
_____ newspaper
_____ magazines
_____ seminar
_____ fliers
_____ stickers
_____ billboards
_____ others (pls specify)
2. What language do you prefer most in disseminating FMD Information
Campaign?
A. Radio
_____ English
_____ Fiipino
_____ Iloko
_____ others (pls specify)
B. Print
_____ English
_____ Filipino
_____ Ilocano
_____ others (pls specify)
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
TANACIO, JENNIFER S. MARCH 2006. La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’
Level of Knowledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and Perceptions on FMD Information
Campaign
Adviser: Anna Liza B. Wakat, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess La Trinidad, Benguet meat vendors’ level of
knowledge on FMD, attitudes towards and perceptions on FMD information campaign. It
aimed to characterize the respondents of the study, to determine the respondents’ sources
of information about FMD, to rate the respondents’ knowledge level about FMD, to
determine the respondents’ attitude towards the campaign, and to determine the preferred
language and medium of information dissemination about Foot and Mouth Disease.
Data were gathered with the use of an interview schedule from 25 respondents
and were analyzed using frequency and percentages.
Most of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25 with more males than
females; most of them had formal education and married.
Findings show that the meat vendors were slightly knowledgeable on the
symptoms and affected animals of the disease. For its control measures, treatment and
mode of transfer, majority were not knowledgeable. For its effect on humans, majority
were highly knowledgeable since they know that this has no effect on humans’ health so
long as it is cooked well before eating.
The meat vendors were in favor of the control measures for FMD because
according to them, it promotes sanitation and safety and it helps in providing great
income. With this, they were willing to support the Foot and Mouth Disease Information
Campaign (FMDIC) by practicing the control measures and letting others know about the
campaign through sharing the information they have learned.
The respondents claimed that the campaign was helpful since it could help
increase pork’s productivity and it helps for a healthy swine production.
For information dissemination, seminar is most preferred for they can freely ask
questions and express their views or ideas to the lecturer. Iloko is the most preferred
language fort broadcast, while English for print.
Some of the respondents claimed that they were unaware of the information
Campaign.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were made;
1. The Department of Agriculture specially the Bureau of Animal Industry should
provide enough information on FMD to be aired on radio stations so that the
respondents will be updated and will gain knowledge about the disease and the
campaign;
2. FMD information can be localized-translated in Iloko and aired on cable channels
and radio, and;
3. Seminars should be conducted for meat vendors so they will be informed and they
could ask questions regarding RFMD.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
FMD History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Strains of FMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
FMD Task Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
FMD Absent for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Mode of Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Affected Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Preferred Language and Media. . . . . . . . . . .
8
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Respondents of the study . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
iii
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Sources of Information Regarding FMD
Symptoms and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Knowledge Level About FMD. . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Respondents’ Attitude Towards the FMDIC . . . . . . . . .
17
Perception Towards FMDIC . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Media and Language Preferences for
FMD Information Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
LITERARURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
iv
1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
One of the information campaigns conducted in the country with nationwide
coverage was on Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The Department of Agriculture
particularly the National Foot and Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF)- the first task
force in the Philippines that deals with animal disease conducted this information
campaign. It is under the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) and implements the National
Program for the control and Eradication of FMD in the Philippines (Anonymous, 2005).
The FMD Task Force had several activities on FMD information dissemination.
They had School - on the - Air (SOA) Program, which was aired weekly at DZWT in
2000; the Bureau of Animal Industry provided other topics tackled, which was in Manila.
Also, the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) produced radio plugs regarding FMD and
sponsored a play, which was held at Melvin Jones Grandstand, Burnham Park Baguio
City (Sabado, 2005).
Aside from using radio to inform the people, they also used print media
particularly the Baguio Midland Courier where some articles regarding FMD were
published. Magazines, leaflets, and comics were also used. Interviews on FMD were also
done during the KAPIHAN Program (Sabado, 2005).
At present the Livestock Sector in coordination with the FMD Task Force under
the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) is conducting an Emergency Preparedness System
(EMPRES) Seminar. A one-day seminar for certain disease such as FMD is an essential
component for future development of the livestock industries of all countries that wish to
trade internationally in livestock and non-livestock product. This seminar is on going by
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province. Other means of information campaigns were done through billboards, leaflets
and brochures and FMD stickers with super pig, the FMD task Force mascot as the
highlight (Sabado, 2005).
According to Pangasinan Star (2005), Lingayen Pangasinan and the rest of Ilocos
region, including Cordilleras are all set to be officially declared Foot and Mouth Disease
Free on December 16,2005 (Pangasinanstar.blogspot.com, 2005).
FMD outbreaks in 2005 recorded a low of 41 outbreaks. A 67% decrease
compared to the previous year of 2004 with 123 outbreaks. FMD continued to haunt
Benguet Province (4 outbreaks) during the first quarter of the year. With vigilance in
monitoring and adherence in the control policies in key livestock premises specifically in
the slaughterhouse of Baguio, FMD cases were last reported on April 7, 2005 (Jayme,
2005).
If there will be no FMD case after April 7, 2006, Benguet will be declared as
FMD free? Are FMD and FMDIC known by the people? To answer this issues this study
aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio- demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What are the respondents’ sources of information about the FMD?
3. What is the knowledge level of the respondents’ about FMD?
4. What are the attitudes of the respondents towards the FMD Information
Campaign?
5. What are the perceptions of the respondents towards the FMD Information
Campaign?
6. What are the preferred language and medium of information about FMD?
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Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to:
1. Characterize the respondents of the study;
2. Determine the respondents’ sources of information about FMD;
3. Rate the respondents’ knowledge level about FMD;
4. Determine the respondents’ attitude towards the campaign;
5. List the perceptions of the respondents towards the campaign, and;
6. Determine the preferred language and medium of information dissemination
about the Foot and Mouth Disease.
Importance of the Study
Results of the study are expected to help the FMD Task Force in evaluating the
information campaigns conducted and will help them to determine if there is a need to
conduct more information campaigns.
Scope and Limitation
The study was conducted December 2005 – January 2006 in La Trinidad Benguet.
Only 25 meat vendors who had at least one year experience in selling meat in the said
area were the respondents. Purposive sampling was used in choosing the respondents.
The information gathered were on the respondents’ profile, respondents’ sources
of information about FMD, level of knowledge about FMD,attitude towards the
campaign, their perception on the campaign and the preferred language and medium of
information dissemination.
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The study did not include evaluation of the content of the different materials used
in the information campaign.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
FMD History
The first FMD documented case in the country was in 1902. The record of the city
veterinarian of Manila showed three cases of FMD in the shipment of animal meat from
Hong Kong, which was infected upon arrival in Manila. The disease spread to 25
provinces and continued until 1910. In 1911, it was reported only in the ports of entry,
especially among cattle that arrived from Hong Kong. During the next 80 years, periodic
epidemics occurred at 8-10 year intervals, between which there was little disease. As of
December 1995, out of the 29 provinces were classified as endemic (high incidence),
mesoendemic (moderate incidence) and sporadic (low incidence) (Anonymous, 2005).
Strains of FMD
There are seven known strains of FMD virus that three have been reported in the
Philippines over the last 80 years. Since 1994, however the current strain in the country is
serotype (O) and it may only affect pigs severely. There have been very few reports of
affected carabao or cattle and the few that have occurred have been very mild
(Anonymous, 2005).
FMD Task Force
The National Foot and Mouth Disease Task Force is the first task force in the
Philippines that deals with animal disease. It is under the Bureau of Animal Industry and
implements the National Program for the Control and Eradication of FMD in the
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Philippines. It is a nationwide network of Regional FMD Task Forces. Regional FMD
Task Forces still exist in mainland Luzon while FMD coordinators are maintained in
FMD-free areas as point persons in the FMD Prevention Campaign (Anonymous, 2005).
FMD Absent for the First Time
First in ten years this was the observation of government veterinarians as the
absence of FMD reports breached the three-month period last July 27. National FMD
Task Force Head Dr. Victor Atienza welcomed the development but cautioned that
complacency should not creep in. The NFMDTF received a total 37 report as of July 27.
Last year, the NFMDTF received already 75 cases. Most of the premises affected in the
current FMD reports were slaughterhouse, and backyard farms. Disease investigations
showed that majority of infection were caused by slaughterhouses, other includes
fomites, swill, stockyard holding yard, viajeros/livetock traders and auction market
(Anonymous, 2005).
Control Measures
Vaccination It is the most convenient and effective strategy to prevent sickness
and maintain health status of animals in areas of high prevalence (Anonymous, 2005).
Quarantine. Since FMD is transmitted directly and indirectly through people or
inanimate objects, controlling livestock movement is important. To avoid transfer of
animals from FMD-infected areas, the government has set-up checkpoints. People,
animals and vehicles coming to a non-infected area are checked. Vehicles are cleaned and
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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sprayed with disinfectants. Footbath for people are available at all entrances
(Anonymous, 2005).
Symptoms. Initially, affected pigs have a fever, do not eat and are reluctant to move. They
may have arched backs and red sore feet. On the snout and the feet, blisters or vesicles
may be seen. These vesicles rapture over a few days t6o heal over. As the pigs recover it
may be difficult to detect any abnormalities unless the snout and feet are examined
closely. Recovered pigs can still excrete virus up to 30 days (Benigno et.al, 2002).
Mode of Transfer
The virus is shed in large amounts from all discharges from infected stock even if
not showing symptoms. Spread can occur to other stock by direct contact with these
discharges, ruptured vesicles, saliva, breath, feces, urine, and milk or by indirect contact
by contacting objects which have been contaminated but discharges from infected stocks
such as meat, blood, offal, hides, vehicles, bedding, clothing, footwear, feet and hay
(Benigno et. al, 2002).
Affected animals
FMD affects all cloven-hoofed animals. So it does not affect horses, dogs, cats,
and people but affects pigs, sheep, goats, carabao and cattle. Ruminants also include that
of the family camiladae, where camels belong (Benigno et. al, 2002)
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Preferred Language and Media
For broadcast Iloko was the most preferred language by the respondents and
English for print.
Seminar is most preferred for information dissemination.
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and time of the study
The study was conducted in Benguet; it has 13 municipalities and is composed of
different tribes, which include Kankana-ey and Ibaloi (Figure 1).
Specifically, the study was conducted in La Trinidad, which is one of the 13
municipalities of Benguet, and is chosen to be the study area (Figure 2), because it was
once affected by the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease and it was one of the area
where the Information Campaign on FMD was conducted.
La Trinidad is the capital of Benguet, and it is a first class municipality. It is
known to be the “Strawberry Capital of the Philippines”. Benguet State University (BSU)
is also found in the area, which is the only State University. The La Trinidad Vegetable
Trading post is also found in the area.
The study was conducted December 2005- January 2006.
Respondents of the Study
There were 25 respondents who are meat vendors for the study; purposive
sampling method was used in choosing the respondents. The criteria used in choosing
them were: the respondent may not be a resident of the area as long as he or she is a meat
vendor for at least one year.
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Figure 1. Map of Benguet showing the locale of the study
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Map of La Trinidad, Benguet
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Data Collection
An interview schedule was used in gathering the necessary information. The
researcher personally interviewed the respondents and explained the questions foe
accurate and clear answers.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were on the respondents’ personal data, respondents’ source of
information about FMD, respondents’ level of knowledge about FMD, respondents’
attitude towards the campaign, respondents’ perception on the campaign and the
preferred language and medium of information dissemination.
Data Analysis
The data gathered was consolidated and analyzed using descriptive statistics such
as frequency and percentages.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile
Table 1 presents the personal profile of the 25 meat vendors in La Trinidad,
Benguet, which include age, sex, educational attainment and civil status. Forty percent or
10 respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25 years. There were more male (80%)
than female (20%) respondents and most of them were married (56%). This shows that
most of the meat vendors selling in the said area were young to middle-aged adults.
It also shows that most of the respondents had formal education with 48% who
reached secondary level and only one of them (4%) graduated from a vocational course.
Table 1. Demographic Profile of Meat Vendors in La Trinidad, Benguet
CHARACTERISTCS FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Age
16-25
10
40
26-35
6
24
36-45
7
28
46-60
2
8
Sex
Male
20
80
Female
5
20
Civil Status
Married
14
56
Single
11
44
Educational Attainment
Elementary
4
16
High School
12
48
College
8
32
Vocational
1
4
Total 25
100
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Sources of Information Regarding FMD Symptoms and Prevention
Table 2 presents the respondents’ sources of information regarding Foot and
Mouth Disease.
Among the 25 respondents, 32% got their information from radio and some or
12% from a seminar on Foot and Mouth Disease that was conducted by veterinarians.
Radio had the highest percentage because of its easy access and they can work while
listening to it. It was observed that meat vendors usually listen to radio program while in
their meat booths. This strengthens the characteristics of the radio that according to
Jamias (1975), it fulfills certain psychological needs because radio listening is easier to
do than reading or viewing movies or television. People can listen to it while working;
radio is more understood, more entertaining and more personal.
Table 2. Sources of Information of meat vendors on FMD
SOURCES FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Radio 8
32
Television 7
28
Newspaper 4
16
Seminar 3
12
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Knowledge Level about FMD
Table 3 presents the respondents’ knowledge level on the Foot and Mouth Disease
regarding its symptoms, control measures, treatment, and mode of transfer, affected
animals and its effect on humans.
Respondents were said to be “not knowledgeable” because they did not enumerate
any of the symptoms, treatment, safety measures, mode of transfer, affected animals or its
effect on humans. For the “slightly knowledgeable”, respondents mentioned at least two
to three correct answers and for the “highly knowledgeable”, respondents mentioned four
to five or they gave all the correct answers of what was being asked.
Table 3. La Trinidad meat vendors’ knowledge level on the symptoms and prevention of
FMD
NK
SK
HK
F P
F P
F P
N=25 (%)
N=25 (%)
N=25 (%)
Symptoms
5 20
16 64
4 16
Control measures
15 60
9 36
1 4
Treatment
18 72
6 24
1 4
Mode of Transfer
13 52
9 36
3 12
Affected animals
12 48
13 52
- -
Effect on humans
2 8
-__ -
23 92
Legend:
* NK- Not Knowledgeable
* SK- Slightly Knowledgeable
* HK- Highly Knowledgeable
* F- Frequency
* P- Percentage
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Symptoms. Majority (64%) of the respondents were slightly knowledgeable on the
symptoms because they enumerated some of it like, fever, sore feet and black spots on
the mouth area, while 20% were not knowledgeable because they did not know any of
the symptoms of the disease.
Control Measures. On the control measures, majority 60%) of the respondents
were not knowledgeable since they were not familiar with the imposed control measures,
while there was only one who was highly knowledgeable because he was aware of the
control measures such as vaccination, quarantine and isolation of infected swine.
Treatment. On its treatment majority (72%) of the respondents were not
knowledgeable, this is because they were not swine raisers, so they were not familiar with
the symptoms so it followed on the treatment.
Mode of Transfer. On the mode of transfer, majority or 52% were not
knowledgeable, while 12% were highly knowledgeable because they have attended some
seminar and were somehow aware of the disease.
Affected animals and its effect on humans. With regards to animals being affected
with FMD 52% said that aside from pig, other animal such as cattle is also affected thus
they were slightly knowledgeable. On its effect on humans, 92% were highly
knowledgeable because according to them this disease has no effect on humans’ health as
long as the meat is cooked well if to be eaten. The respondents answered correctly
because FMD has no effect on humans, although humans can be a carrier of the disease.
People can spread FMD by carrying the virus through their hands, feet and clothing. This
is called mechanical transmission through fomites.
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Respondents’ Attitude towards the FMDIC
Table 4 presents the respondents attitude towards the Foot and mouth Disease
Information campaign (FMDIC). All or 100% of the respondents were in favor of the
control measures for FMD. On their reasons for favoring it, majority or 76% said it
promotes sanitation and safety. Other reasons were it helps in upgrading better quality of
meat products and it helps provide great income. It shows that their reasons were all
connected to their business as meat vendors.
Table 4. La Trinidad meat vendors’ reason for favoring the FMDIC
REASONS FRREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
It promotes sanitation and safety
19
76
It helps in upgrading better quality of meat
6 24
vendors
It helps provide great income
4
16
*Multiple responses
Table 5 presents the respondents’ ways of supporting the campaign. Out of the 25
respondents, 23 of them were willing to support the campaign by practicing the control
measures (52%) and 4% will let others know about the campaign. The other two
respondents were not willing to support the campaign because control measures were
expensive like vaccination and passing through slaughterhouses for butchering.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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Table 5. La Trinidad meat vendors’ ways of supporting the FMDIC
Ways on how to support the FMDIC
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
By practicing the control measures
13
52
By recommending to others
12
48
By sharing the information to others
1
4
*Multiple responses
Table 6. La Trinidad meat vendors’ reasons for sharing and not sharing the FMDIC
REASONS FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Reasons for sharing
14 56
So that others will be given precautions for FMD
So that others will also gain knowledge about the
13 52
campaign
So that others will also share
4
16
Reasons for not sharing
Didn’t understand the control measures of the
information campaign
1
4
Not interested
1
4
*Multiple responses
Table 6 presents the respondents’ reasons for sharing and not sharing the FMD
Information Campaign. Among the 25 respondents, 23 (92%) of them were willing to
share the campaign and two (8%) were not willing. Reason for sharing was, so that they
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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will be given precautions for FMD occurrence (56%) and 4% said, so that they will also
share to others.
The reasons for not sharing were that, the respondents did not understand the
control measures and he was not interested.
Perception on the FMDIC
Table 7 presents the respondents’ perceptions towards the FMDIC. All (100%) of
the respondents claimed that the campaign was helpful, because it could help to increase
pork productivity (48%) and it could help for a healthy swine production (44%). This
means that respondents were aware of the economic effects of FMD and they see the
importance of the campaign in their business.
Table 7. La Trinidad meat vendors’ perceptions towards the FMDIC
HELPFULNESS OF THE CAMPAIGN
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
It helps to increase pork productivity
12
48
It helps for a healthy swine production
11
44
For consumers’ safety and precaution
6
24
*Multiple responses
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Media and language preferences for FMD Information Campaign
Table 8 presents the preferred media for the information dissemination on FMD
Information campaign. Majority or 60% of the respondents preferred a seminar for
information dissemination so that they could interact with the lecturers by asking
questions and expressing their ideas. Next is television (52%) while only 12% preferred
billboards.
Table 8. La Trinidad meat vendors’ preferred media for FMD information dissemination
MEDIA FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Seminar
15
60
Television
13
52
Radio
7
28
Newspaper
4
16
Billboards
3
12
*Multiple responses
Table 9 presents the respondents’ preferred language for information
dissemination of FMD. For broadcast, 60% preferred Iloko since it is the common
language used in the area, while for print, 44% preferred English and 40% Filipino since
they claimed that these languages were easy to understand.
This coincides with the study of Paulino (2003), on AM and FM station
Listenership in Barangay Palina, Kibungan Benguet, that the respondents said that they
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would like Iloko as a medium of communication to be used in airing such programs so
that they can easily understand the message.
Table 9. Preferred language in Information Dissemination
PREFERRED LANGUAGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
N=25
(%)
Broadcast
Iloko
15
60
English
5
20
Filipino
5
20
English
11
44
Filipino
10
40
Iloko
2
16
*Multiple responses
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted in La Trinidad Benguet, aimed to characterize the
respondents to determine the respondents’ sources of information about the Foot and
Mouth Disease (FMD), to rate the respondents’ knowledge level about FMD, to
determine the respondents’ attitude towards the campaign and to list the perceptions of
the respondents towards the campaign, to determine the preferred language and medium
of information dissemination about Foot and mouth Disease.
Data were gathered with the use of an interview schedule from 25 meat vendors
and were analyzed using frequency and percentages.
Most of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25 with more males than
females; most of them had formal education and married.
Findings show that the meat vendors were slightly knowledgeable on the
symptoms and affected animals of the disease. For its control measures, treatment and
mode of transfer, majority were not knowledgeable. For its effect on humans, majority
were highly knowledgeable since they knew that FMD has no effect on humans’ health as
long as the meat is cooked well before eating.
The meat vendors were in favor of the control measures for FMD because
according to them, it promotes sanitation and safety and it helps in providing great
income. With this, they were willing to support the Foot and mouth information
campaign (FMDIC) by practicing the control measures and letting others know about the
campaign through sharing the information they have learned.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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The respondents claimed that the campaign was helpful since it could help
increase pork productivity and it helps for a healthy swine production.
For information dissemination, seminar is most preferred for they can freely ask
questions and express their views or ideas to the lecturer. Iloko is the most preferred
language for broadcast, while English for print.
Some of the respondents claimed that they were unaware of the information
Campaign.
Conclusions
Based on the findings presented, the following conclusions are derived:
1. most of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 16-25, high school graduates
and were married;
2. radio was the main source of information about the FMD symptoms and
preventions;
3. meat vendors needed more information on FMD since the study found out that
meat vendors were either not knowledgeable or slightly knowledgeable on its
effect, symptoms, affected animals, control measures, treatment and mode of
transfer;
4. respondents were in favor and willing to support and share the campaign;
5. they claimed that the campaign s\\was helpful;
6. for broadcast, Iloko is the most preferred language to be used while English and
Filipino for print; and
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7. Seminar was the most preferred medium for FMD information dissemination.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are made;
1. The Department of Agriculture specially the Bureau of Animal Industry should
provide enough information on FMD to be aired on radio stations so that the
respondents will be updated and will gain knowledge about the disease and the
campaign;
2. FMD information can be localized-translated in Iloko and aired on cable channels
and radio, and;
3. Seminars should be conducted for the meat vendors so they will be informed and
they could ask questions regarding RFMD.
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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LITERATURE CITED
BENIGNO,C.C. et.al . Bureau of Animal Industry.2002 Foot and Mouth Disease
Handbook for Field Officers. DA-BAI: Quezon City.
JAMIAS, J.F. 1975. Redaing in Development Communication. University of the
Philippines Laguna. Depertment of Developmet Communication.P.92.
JAYME, I.S.2006. The FMD Monitor.Vol.9 (3):3
ANONYMOUS.2005.BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.2002.FOOT AND MOUTH
DISEASE HANDBOOK FOR FIELD OFFICERS.DA-BAI, Quezon City, Pp1-4
ANONYMOUS.2005.NATIONAL FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE TASK
FORCE.nd.GVU’s 8th WWW user survey. Retrieved October 2005
http://www.fmdtaskforce.org.ph2005
MANUAL ON FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE-DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE.nd. Foot and mouth Disease Control and Management.DA-RFU-
CAR, Guisad Baguio City.Pp.1
PANGASINAN STAR.2006.retrieved March 2006 from
Pangasinanstar.blogspot.com/2005_12_18_pangasinanstar_archive.html
SABADO, J.2005. Programs of FMD Task Force (personal interview)
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
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APPENDICES
Benguet State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Department of Extension Education
La Trinidad, Benguet
Nestor Fongwan
Municipal Mayor
La Trinidad, Benguet
Sir:
Warm
Greetings!
I am Jennifer S. Tanacio, a fourth year student of BS in Development
Communication at Benguet State University. I am presently conducting my
Undergraduate Thesis ( DevC 200), titled “Level of Knowledge on FMD, Attitudes and
Perceptions of Meat Vendors on FMD Information Campaign”.
In this regard, please allow me to conduct a survey among the meat vendors
within La Trinidad, Benguet.
Thank you very much and looking forward on your approval.
Respectfully yours,
Jennifer S. Tanacio
Researcher
Noted:
Anna Liza B. Wakat
Adviser
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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Interview Schedule
I.
Respondent’s Profile
Respondents
Number:
Sex:______
Age:
______
Civil
Status:_____
II.
What are your sources of information regarding FMD symptoms and
prevention?
_____ leaflets
_____ magazines
_____ newspaper
_____ seminars
III. Knowledge Level
Not
Slightly
Highly
Knowledgeable
Knowledgable
Knowledgable
Symptoms
Control measures
Treatment
Mode of Transfer
Affected Animals
Effect on Human
IV.Attitudes towards the FMDIC
1. Are you in favor of the control measures for FMDIC?
_____ Yes, Why? _____ it promotes sanitation and health safety
_____ it helps in upgrading better quality
_____ it helps in providing great income
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ not practical in our place
_____ it can’t increase productivity
_____ it is time consuming
_____
expensive
_____ others (pls specify)
2. Are you willing to support the FMDIC?
_____ Yes, How? _____ by practicing the control measures
_____ by recommending it to others
_____ by informing listeners/ viewers
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ control measures are expensive to avail
_____ control measures are impractical
_____ control measures are not interesting
_____ others (pls specify)
3. Do you share to your neighbors or to anybody the FMD Information
Campaign?
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
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_____ Yes, Why? _____ so they will inform others
_____ so that they will be given precautions for FMD
_____ so that they will share it too
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ I didn’t understand the control measures of the
information campaign
_____ I’m not interested
_____ it is only a waste of time
_____ others (pls specify)
V.Perceptions towards the FMDIC
1.Is the campaign helpful?
_____ Yes, Why? _____ it helps for a healthy swine production
_____ it helps to increase pork productivity
_____ others (pls specify)
_____ No, Why? _____ it does not help for a healthy swine production
_____ it cannot increase pork productivity
_____ others (pls specify)
VI. Preferences
1. What is your preferred medium of information dissemination about the
FMDIC?
_____ radio
_____ television program
_____ newspaper
_____ magazines
_____ seminar
_____ fliers
_____ stickers
_____ billboards
_____ others (pls specify)
2. What language do you prefer most in disseminating FMD Information
Campaign?
A. Radio
_____ English
_____ Fiipino
_____ Iloko
_____ others (pls specify)
B. Print
_____ English
_____ Filipino
_____ Ilocano
_____ others (pls specify)
La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors’ Level of Kn
owledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and
Perceptions on FMD Information Campaign / Jennifer S. Tanacio. 2006
Document Outline
- La Trinidad, Benguet Meat Vendors�
Level of Knowledge on FMD, Attitudes Towards and Perceptions on FMD Information
Campaign
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES