BIBLIOGRAPHY URBANO, RONILLO R. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
URBANO, RONILLO R. APRIL 2008. Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of
Rice Under Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Seven different varieties of rice namely: PSB Rc 14 (Rio grande), PSB Rc 18
(Ala), PSB Rc 82 (Peñaronda), NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3), NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5) and
PSB Rc 28 ( check variety) were evaluated to test the performance of high yielding rice
varieties in terms of its growth, grain yield and resistance to pests and diseases and which
variety is best suited under Bugayong, Binalonan Pangasinan from October 2007 to
February 2008.
Among the different varieties evaluated, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 recorded
the highest number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, total plant weight,
highest grain yield (2066.66 kg) and (1960.42 kg), respectively and resistance to pests
and diseases. Both varieties exhibited the highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) with
69.5% and 60.83% respectively.
Other varieties evaluated are not well adapted and accepted due to their short
statue, low grain yield and having characteristics of shattering.
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130, therefore, are highly recommended under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pangasinan.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… i
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………
ii
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE …………………………………………………... 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………………………… 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………….
14
Height of Seedling Before
Transplanting …………………………... ……………………………. 14
Number of Days from
Transplanting to Tillering …………………………………………… 14
Number of Tillers at Maximum
Tillering Stage ……………………………………………………….. 15
Number of Productive Tillers Per Hill ………………………………. 16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Booting …………………………………………………………….
17
Number of Days from Booting to Heading ………………………….
17
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Heading ……………………………………...…………………… 18
Number of Days from Heading t
o Ripening …………………………………………………….……... 19
Final Height at Harvest ……………………………………………… 19
Length of Panicle at Harvest ………………………………………… 20
Number of Grains per Panicle ……………………………………….. 20
ii
Reaction to Insect Pests ……………………………………………… 21
Blast (Neck rot) ……………………………………………………… 22
Total Plant Weight …………………………………………………… 23
Harvest Index ………………………………………………………… 23
Yield per Plot ………………………………………………………… 24
Yield per Hectare …………………………………………………….. 24
Cost and Return Analysis ……………….. ………………………….. 25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION ……………………………………………………….. 31
Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 31
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………… 32
Recommendation ………………………………………………………. 32
LITERATURE CITED …………………………………………………………. 33
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………….. 35
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rice is the staple food of the Filipinos and the lifeblood of the nation. A semi-
aquatic plant scientifically known as Oryza sativa Linn, it is one of the oryzoid groups of
the grass family Graminae. It grows readily in areas of considerable warmth and moisture
(PhilRice, 1993).
The rice plant usually takes 3-6 months from germination to maturity, depending
on the variety and the environment under which is grown. During this period, rice
completes basically two distinct sequential growth stages: vegetative and reproductive.
The reproductive stage is subdivided into preheading and postheading periods. The latter
is better known as the ripening period. Yield capacity, or the potential size of crop yield,
is primarily determined during preheading (Yoshida, 1981).
In the Philippines, rice production is a main source of income for many farmers.
Rice production is common in places like Isabela, Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya,
Pangasinan and others. Low yield of rice is however observed in these areas due to
factors such as poor choice of variety, soil degradation, improper cultural management
practices, and others. Continuos selection of rice varieties suited to a particular location is
therefore important.
Based on the National statistic office, Philippine population in the year 2000 was
already 73 m, and it was estimated that by the year 2020, the country’s population shall
pass the 100 m mark. The country’s current rice consumption as food is 22,000 tons per
day. Aside from this, some goes to waste, seed requirement, industries and other purposes
(PhilRice, 2001).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Because of increasing population and the land intended for cropping is becoming
smaller due to demand for other uses such as residential and commercial purposes, there
is a need to use high yielding varieties and to adopt new techniques of production like the
improvement of traditional agricultural practices, proper time of planting and
mechanization.
The use of improved varieties of rice may permit two or three successive
croppings per year. Varietal evaluation studies in other places revealed that improved
varieties could produce more yields than the traditional ones. However, rice yield varies
depending on the place of planting, kind of soil, temperature, fertilizer application, water
and necessary care.
Variety evaluation is necessary due to the decreasing yield of existing varieties in
localities, which have been used for a long time by the farmers. This is necessary to find
outstanding on high yielding varieties to replace degenerated cultivars. The necessity of
evaluating varieties to suit prevailing local conditions is made more important by the fact
that expansion of land cultivated by farmers is not possible.
This study was conducted to test the performance of high yielding rice varieties in
terms of its growth, grain yield and resistance to pests and diseases, and to determine
which variety is best suited under Bugayong, Binalonan, Pangasinan condition.
This study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bugayong, Binalonan, Pangasinan
from October 2007 to February 2008.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation
Improved rice varieties would vary according to the ecological conditions in
which these are grown. Agronomic characters generally associated with high yield
potential and nitrogen responsiveness in irrigated lowland varieties possess short or semi-
dwarf stature, lodging resistance, high tillering ability, non-spreading culms, and
relatively short erect leaves, strong seedling vigor, insensitivity to photoperiod, medium
threshing ability and moderate grain dormancy and other available traits (UPLB, 1983).
Modern varieties have greater yield potential than traditional varieties even under
the best conditions. Use of fertilizer and improved farming practices will increase grain
yield more in modern varieties than in traditional ones. The use of improved varieties is
the cheapest single innovation that has the built-in capability for increasing yield
substantially (Vergara, 1992).
PCARRD (1981) stated that planting the right varieties that are suited to the
specific locations would result to increase yield by 20 %.
Varieties maybe location- specific in accordance to prevailing environmental
conditions. This is exemplified by the release of three rice varieties in specific parts of the
country. Two of these varieties, Matatag 3 and Matatag 6, were recommended for
comercial planting in tungro hot spot areas in the Visayas and in Mindanao. The third
variety, Angelica, was recommended specially for the irrigated lowlands in Agusan del
Norte where it has been identified to perform well even under unfavorable conditions
such as nutrient deficient soils and low solar radiation (PhilRice, 2004).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Belino (1999) stated that since exports contribute much in the country’s
economy, the government through Agricultural Universities and Colleges like Benguet
State University, and others, encourage rice varietal testing and experimentation to
determine what variety will give more yields and thus be recommended to farmers.
Evaluating six different varieties of rice at Cadtay, Kapangan, Benguet, Holano
(2001) found PSB Rc 56 and PSB Rc 34 registering the highest yield.
PhilRice news (2001) stated that two enterprising farmers took the challenge to
try hybrid rice in rice production to earn more income and contribute to rice self-
sufficiency program of the government. With hybrid rice, they earned more than what
they usually get from inbred rice production.
According to Kush and Masajo (1983) agronomic and morphological traits
needed in improved rice varieties would vary according to the ecological condition and in
which these are grown. Characters generally associated with high yielding potential and
nitrogen responsiveness in irrigated lowland varietis are short and semi dwarf feature,
lodging resistant, high tillering ability, non-spreading culms, and relatively short and
erect leaves.
Kush (1990) enumerated some strategies in increasing the yield potential of
irrigated rice including modification of its plant type, since the short statured plant type
with high tillering and dark green leaves developed in the 1960’s has reached a yield
Plateau, exploiting heterosis and increasing yield stability by incorporation of multiple
resistance to disease and insect pests and tolerance to abiotic factors. For developing rice
varieties for unfavorable environment there is a need to define and characterize the major
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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unfavorable rice ecologies and identify the varietal characteristics suitable for each
ecology.
Soil and Water Requirement
A productive soil is the first essential for profitable farming. Soil vary in their
capacity to produced crops. Continued and successful production of crops requires
maintenance of high fertility level of the soil. The depth of topsoil may vary from 18 to
22 cm and the pH may range from 4.5 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral (Worthen,
1984).
Water requirement varies from the stage of plant. During seedling period, only
thin layer of water to cover the seed is needed. During the vegetative period, water is
increase 3-5 cm as the productive stage begins. The depth of water is from 10 to 15 cm
because reproductive stage of the rice is sensitive to drought. During the ripening stage,
the water should be gradually removed from the field until two weeks before harvesting
UPLB (1983).
While rice plant is still growing, water stress must be avoided to prevent retards
on the growth and reduced tillers. Large amount of unfilled grains is due to lack of water.
Insufficient water results in wilting, thus reducing the capacity of the plant to produced
and transport its food (PhilRice, 2001).
Fertilizer Requirement
IRRI (1986) noted that basal application of fertilizer combined with P and K helps
early seedling vigor, stand establishment and rapid coverage of the field by rice foliage
with consequent reduction in weed population. With availability of high yielding, early
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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maturing varieties and prospects of adopting timely weed control, a level of 30 to 40 kg
N and 15 to 20 kg of each of P2O5, and K2O help early seedling vigor and consequent
reduction of weed population.
Effect of Temperature
Temperature is the most important factor to consider in rice production. Rice can
grow successfully in regions that have mean of 21oC or above. Higher yield is obtained in
warmer places, which may experience a low summer rainfall compared to the humid
places (Martin and Leonard, 1970).
Within the critical low and high temperatures, temperature affects grain yield by
affecting tillering, spikelet formation, and ripening. There is usually an optimum
temperature for different physiological processes and these vary to some degree with
variety. Therefore, the results of an experiment depend on the variety used and on
whether the range of temperatures studied is above or below the optimum. Within a
temperature range of 22°-31°C, the growth rate increases almost linearly with increasing
temperatures (Yoshida, 1981).
Effect of Pest and Diseases
The major insect pests of rice in the Philippines are rice stem borer, leaf hopper,
plant hopper, army worm and whorl maggots. Which cause 50 to 100 % reduction yield
(UPLB, 1983).
Losses of rice yield due to pests and diseases are estimated at 10 % to 12 %
respectively. Although the loss on any single field can be catastrophic, most disease
control measures include planting resistant varieties and using remedial cultural practices.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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However, new technique include the use of foliar fungicides are extremely effective
(Encyclopedia Americana, 1980).
Ingram (1995) as cited by Agungan (2000) noted that diseases and insect
problems are common in rainfed lowland rice. However, for successful production of
both rice crops, rice cultivars which are planted should be resistant to insect and diseases
like brown plant hoppers, stem borers and rice bugs which are the most common insect
pests. Blast, bacterial blight and brown spot are the common diseases
Harvesting and Threshing
When 80 to 85 % of the grains at the upper portion of the panicle are yellow or
straw colored, and those at the base are in the hard dough stage, it is time to harvest
PhilRice (1993).
According to PCARRD (1993), ripened grains may drop from the panicle most
specially under low temperature when harvesting is delayed. Delayed harvesting may
also result to cracking and low milling recovery.
After harvesting, the crop is then ready for threshing (process of separating the
grains from the rest of the plant). The farmers may thresh the grains by beating the
panicles against a slatted bamboo screen, letting the grains fall between the slats. Some
farmers put the bundles of rice through a gasoline-powered thresher. In some areas, farm
animals walk over the bundles to thresh the grain (Teason, 1994).
PhilRice (1993) stated that sun drying is the most common post harvest practice
of Filipino farmers. In solar drying, the cleaned palay is spread in a layer 2.4 cm thick on
various surfaces such as straw mat, fish net, canvass, threshing floor or on the road. The
palay is stirred to allow uniform drying.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This experiment used seven different high rice yielding varieties which was
assigned to individual treatments as follows:
CODE
VARIETIES
SOURCE
V1 PSB Rc 14 (Rio grande)
BPI-NSQCS
V2 PSB Rc 18 (Ala)
BPI-NSQCS
V3 PSB Rc 82 (Peñaronda)
BPI-NSQCS
V4 NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3)
BPI-NSQCS
V5 NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5)
BPI-NSQCS
V6 IR 64
BPI-NSQCS
V7
PSB Rc 28 (Agno, check)
Bugayong
Seedbed and Land Preparation
Seven seedbeds, measuring 50cm x 100cm each was prepared for the seven
different varieties. One variety was sown in each seedbed to avoid mixture. Necessary
label was placed on each seedbed for proper identification.
An experimental area of 336 m2 was prepared, and divided into 21 plots with a
dimension of 1.6m x 10m each. Before transplanting, the land was prepared thoroughly.
The soil was puddled and leveled for easy transplanting.
The land was irrigated after it has been prepared to hasten the decomposition of
weeds. During the leveling and final harrowing, the required N-P-K fertilizer at the rate
of 60-30-30 kg/ha was incorporated. Five days before panicle initiation urea was top-
dressed at the rate of 30-0-0 kg NPK per hectare.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Lay-outing and Transplanting
After land preparation, the experimental plots were laid out and labeled
accordingly. Seedlings were transplanted on the designated plot for each following the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replication. Each of the seven
varieties was planted with two seedlings per hill on a straight row at a distance of 20cm x
20cm.
Weeds, Insect Pests and Disease Control
Hand weeding was done when necessary after transplanting. Insect pests and
diseases was controlled and monitored to reduce economic losses. Other recommended
cultural management practices was followed to ensure better yield.
The data to be gathered are the following:
1. Height of seedling before transplanting (cm). The height of rice seedlings was
measured from the base to the longest leaf before transplanting using 10 sample hills per
plot.
2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was recorded when at
least 50 % of the total plants started producing tillers.
3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage. The numbers of tillers when the
flag leaf would have emerged were counted using 10 hills per plot.
4. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers were
counted using 10 sample hills per plot selected at random. Only rice plants which
produced panicles was counted and considered.
5. Number of days from transplanting to booting. This was taken when at least
50 % of the total plants in a plot have booted.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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6. Number of days from booting to heading. This was taken when at least 50
% of the total plants have produced heads.
7. Number of days from transplanting to heading. This was recorded when at
least 50 % of the grain in the panicle have ripened or turned yellow.
8. Number of days from heading to ripening. This was taken when at least 80 %
of the grains in the panicle have ripened.
9. Final height at harvest (cm). This was measured from the soil surface to the
tip of the longest panicle of rice plant taken at ripening stage.
10. Length of panicle at harvest (cm). This was measured from panicle base to
panicle tip of the rice plants taken at harvest using 10 panicles per plot.
11. Number of grains per panicle. This was taken using 10 plants per plot
selected at random.
12. Stemborer. Field rating for rice was based on actual percentage of
dead hearts and white heads using the three middle rows of the plot as sampling area. Ten
sample hills were selected at random where dead hearts were counted 35 and 45 days
after transplanting, respectively, while white heads were counted, also using ten sample
hills taken at random. The following standard scales used (PhilRice, 1996).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Stemborer
RATING INDEX
DESCRIPTION
%DEAD HEARTS %WHITE HEADS
1 R
1-10
1-5
3 MR
11-20
6-10
5 I 21-30
11-15
7 MS
31-60
16-25
9 S
60
and
above
25
and
above
13. Blast (Neckrot). Evaluation on the severity of rice blast was taken from the
plant at the center rows. Ten hills taken at random were used. The following standard was
used (PhilRice, 1996).
INDEX %
BLAST
Rating
1
0-5
%
Resistant
2
6-25
% Intermediate
3
25 and above
Susceptible
14. Total plant weight (kg). This was taken by weighing the whole plant
including the grains after drying using 10 samples taken at random per treatment.
15. Harvest Index. This was taken by using the formula.
Economic yield
Harvest Index = -----------------------------
Botanical
yield
16. Yield per plot. After the harvest, the grains were dried to approximately 14
% moisture content. The filled grains were separated from the unfilled grains by
winnowing. Only the filled grains were used to obtain the grain weight or yield per plot.
17. Yield per hectare. This was taken by converting the grains per plot
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
12
into hectare using ratio and proportion; where:
Yield x
Yield per hectare = ---------------------- x ------------------
1.6m x 10 m 10,000 m2
18. Cost and Return Analysis. All production cost were recorded and net profit
Was obtained. Return on cash expenses were computed using the formula.
Net Income
Return On Cash Expense (ROCE) = ---------------------------------------------- X 100
Total Cost of Production
Data Analysis
All the quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
for Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of difference among
the treatment means was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Figure 1. Overview of the area after cleaning and seed germination.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Height of Seedling Before Transplanting
Comparative seedling height of seven varieties of rice before transplanting is
shown in Table 1. It was observed that IR 64 was significantly taller than the check
variety but not with the rest of the test varieties. The significant differences among
treatments could be attributed to their varietal characteristics.
Table 1. Height of seedling before transplanting of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
HEIGHT
OF
SEEDLING
(cm)
PSB Rc 14
24.95ab
PSB
Rc
18
25.66ab
PSB
Rc
82
26.24ab
NSIC
Rc
130
25.81ab
NSIC
Rc
138
27.02ab
IR
64
27.93a
PSB Rc 28 (check)
24.53b
C.V. (%)
6.53
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Number of Days from Transplanting to Tillering
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to tillering. It was observed
that NSIC Rc 138 produced tillers in 22 days which was 1-4 days earlier than the other
varieties. It was followed by PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 82 and NSIC Rc 130 in 23 days. Such
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
15
significant result could be attributed to the adaptability of the four varieties to Bugayong,
Binalonan Pangasinan condition.
The vegetative stage is characterized by active tillering, gradual increase in plant
height, and leaf emergence at regular intervals. Active tillering refers to a stage when
tillering rate – the increase in tiller number per unit of time – is high (Yoshida, 1981).
Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
DAYS
TO
TILLERING
PSB Rc 14
23c
PSB Rc 18
26a
PSB Rc 82
23c
NSIC
Rc
130
23c
NSIC
Rc
138
22d
IR 64
25b
PSB Rc 28 (check)
25b
C.V.
(%)
0
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Number of Tillers at Maximum
Tillering Stage
NSIC Rc 138 produced the highest number of tillers with a mean of 15.93 (Table
3). It was followed by IR 64 (15.70), PSB Rc 28 (check variety) (15.66) and NSIC Rc
130 (15.20). PSB Rc 14 and PSB Rc 18 recorded the lowest number of tillers with a
mean of 12.93 and 12.66, respectively. These significant differences among treatments
could be attributed to their varietal differences. IRRI (1992) stated that modern varieties
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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have more tillers than old variety and varieties differ in tillering ability Spacing the plants
far apart gives maximum tillering.
The higher tillering capacity of NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 130, and IR 64 could be
indicative of their higher yield potential compared to the other varieties.
Number of Productive Tillers per Hill
The number of productive tillers per hill show some significant differences among
the varieties (Table 3). PSB Rc 14 produced greater number of productive tillers (9.33)
than PSB Rc 18 which had the least number of productive tillers (7.03). No other marked
differences among varieties were noted.
According to UPLB (1992), not all the tillers produce heads; some tillers die,
others remain at the vegetative stage since there is competition among the tillers for
nutrient and light. Thus, the production of tillers may not be a good gauge of the yield
potential of rice.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Table 3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage and number of productive tillers
per hill of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
NUMBER OF TILLERS AT
NUMBER OF PRODUCTIVE
MAXIMUM TILLERING STAGE TILLERS PER HILL
PSB Rc 14
12.93b
9.33a
PSB Rc 18
12.66b
7.03b
PSB Rc 82
13.43b
7.26ab
NSIC Rc 130
15.20a
8.86ab
NSIC Rc 138
15.93a
8.36ab
IR
64
15.70a
8.16ab
PSB Rc 28 (check)
15.66a
7.96ab
C.V. (%)
6.34
12.52
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting
The average number of days from transplanting to booting is shown in Table 4.
PSB Rc 82 was the earliest to boot in 51 days, which was 1-4 days earlier than the other
varieties. It appears that PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 18, IR 64 and PSB Rc 28 (check variety) are
later maturing compared to the 3 other varieties. This is due to varietal characteristics.
Numbers of Days from Booting to Heading
Table 4 also shows the number of days from booting to heading. PSB Rc 82 was
the earliest to produce head with a mean of 13 days from booting. It was followed closely
by NSIC Rc 138 in 14 days, while PSB Rc 28 (check variety) was the latest to produce
heads. The reaction of varieties from booting to heading may not always be due to
genetic factors but also temperature – influenced. For example low temperature have
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
18
been known to delay booting. Also, spikelet sterility appears to be affected by both night
and day temperatures (Yoshida, 1981).
Number of Days from Transplanting to Heading
Table 4 shows the number of days from transplanting to heading. PSB Rc 82 was
the earliest to produce heads with a mean of 74 days, which was 1-8 days earlier than the
other varieties. Check variety PSB Rc 28 was the last to produce heads in 82 days after
transplanting. Significant differences could be attributed to their varietal characteristics. It
seems that variety PSB Rc 82 belonged to early maturing varieties which resulted to its
early heading.
Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to booting, booting to heading and
transplanting to heading of seven rice varieties
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TRANSPLANTING
BOOTING TO
TRANSPLANTING
VARIETY
TO BOOTING
HEADING
TO HEADING
PSB Rc 14
55a
16c
75d
PSB Rc 18
55a
18b
80b
PSB Rc 82
51c
13e
74e
NSIC Rc 130
53b
18b
76c
NSIC Rc 138
53b
14d
75d
IR
64
55a
16c
75d
PSB Rc 28 (check) 55a
20a
82a
C.V. (%)
0
0
0
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Number of Days from Heading to Ripening
The number of days from heading to ripening is shown in Table 5. Highly
significant differences were observed among the varieties in which PSB Rc 82
significantly ripened earlier in 11 days which was 1-6 days earlier than the rest. It was
followed by variety PSB Rc 18 and PSB Rc 28 (check variety) with means of 12 days.
Variety IR 64 was the latest to ripen in 17 days. Significant differences could be
attributed to their varietal characteristic. This shows that different varieties differ in their
performance and adaptability to the locality.
Final Height at Harvest
Plant height at harvest is shown in Table 5. It was observed that PSB Rc 18 was
significantly taller than the other varieties with a mean of 69 cm followed by variety
NSIC Rc 130 (63.06 cm), PSB Rc 82 (62.23 cm) and NSIC Rc 138 with a mean of 60.
53. The shortest among the varieties evaluated was PSB Rc 14 with a mean of 57.o3 cm.
The difference is about 11.97 cm. Taller plant may have an increased ability to compete
with weeds but it may also cause spacing problems. Yield reductions due to weeds
decrease with increasing plant height (Yoshida, 1981).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Table 5. Number of days from heading to ripening and final height at harvest of seven
rice varieties
VARIETY
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
FINAL HEIGHT AT
HEADING
TO
RIPENING
HARVEST
(cm)
PSB Rc 14
15c
57.03b
PSB Rc 18
12d
69.00a
PSB Rc 82
11e
62.23b
NSIC Rc 130
16b
63.06b
NSIC Rc 138
15c
60.53b
IR
64
17a
58.06b
PSB Rc 28 (check)
12d
58.90b
CV
(%)
0
5.25
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Length of Panicle at Harvest
Table 6 shows the length of panicles of rice plants at harvest. Among the varieties
evaluated, it was noted that PSB Rc 18 had the longest panicle (49.66 cm). It was
followed by NSIC Rc 138 (46.41 cm). IR 64 had the shortest panicle with a mean of
41.75 cm. The difference between the highest and lowest panicle length at harvest is
about 7.91 cm, a substantial length which could translate into more grains per panicle.
The significant differences could be due to their genetic make up.
Number of Grains per Panicle
The number of grains per panicle is shown in Table 6. It was observed that NSIC
Rc 138 gained the highest number of grains per panicle with a mean of 97.17. It was
followed by NSIC Rc 130 with a mean of 96.20, PSB Rc 28 (check variety) with a mean
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
21
of 92.13 and PSB Rc 14 (91.33). IR 64 had the lowest number of grains per panicle with
a mean of 76.20. The difference between the number of grains per panicle is about 20.97.
Such, significant differences are due to the compactness of grains in the panicle.
According to Yoshida (1981) the number of panicles per square meter is largely
dependent on tillering performance, which is largely determined 10 days after the number
of tillers at maximum tillering stage.
Table 6. Length of panicle at harvest and number of grains per panicle of seven rice
varieties
VARIETY
LENGTH OF PANICLE
NUMBER OF GRAINS
AT HARVEST (cm) PER PANICLE
PSB Rc 14
42.31c
91.33
PSB Rc 18
49.66a
89.50
PSB Rc 82
43.06bc
89.86
NSIC Rc 130
42.77bc
96.20
NSIC Rc 138
46.41ab
97.16
IR
64
41.75c
76.20
PSB Rc 28 (check)
42.47bc
92.13
C.V. (%)
4.69
5.87
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Reaction to Insect Pest
Evaluation of stemborer expressed as dead hearts and white heads was done
before booting and heading, respectively. IR 64 was moderately field-resistant to dead
heart. The rest of the variety treatment was found to be resistant. On white heads
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
22
evaluation, PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 28 (check variety) and IR 64 was rated moderately
resistant. Other entries had high yielding potential resistance to insect pests.
Table 7. Reaction to insect pests of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
DEAD – DESCRIPTION WHITE – DESCRIPTION
HEARTS
HEADS
PSB Rc 14
1 R
3
MR
PSB Rc 18
1 R
1
R
PSB Rc 82
1 R 1
R
NSIC Rc 130
1
R 1
R
NSIC Rc 138
1 R 1
R
IR 64
3 MR 3
MR
PSB Rc 28 (check) 1 R 3
MR
C.V. (%)
66.60
66.60
R – Resistant; MR – Moderately Resistant; I – Intermediate; MS – Moderately
Susceptible; S – Susceptible
Rice Blast (Neck Rot)
Rice blast disease evaluation was taken at harvest. It was observed that IR 64 was
the only rated with intermediate resistance to rice blast. The rest of the entries were found
to be resistant (Table 8).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
23
Table 8. Rice Blast (neck rot) of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
BLAST (NECK ROT)
DESCRIPTION
PSB
Rc
14
1
RESISTANT
PSB
Rc
18
1 RESISTANT
PSB
Rc
82
1
RESISTANT
NSIC
Rc
130
1 RESISTANT
NSIC
Rc
138
1 RESISTANT
IR 64
2
INTERMEDIATE
PSB Rc 28 (check)
1
RESISTANT
C.V. (%)
43.28
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMR
Total Plant Weight
Table 9 shows that among the varieties evaluated NSIC Rc 138 had the highest
total plant weight with a mean of 1.16 kg followed by NSIC Rc 130 with a mean of 1.06
kg and PSB Rc 28 (check variety) had the lowest total plant weight with a mean of 0.95
kg. Significant differences are due to the structure of each variety which include plant
height, number of tillers, length of panicles, number of grains per panicle and leaf
characteristics.
Harvest Index
Table 9 shows the harvest index of rice plant. PSB Rc 28, NSIC Rc 130, and IR
64 show the highest harvest index (0.46), followed by PSB Rc 14 and NSIC Rc 138 with
a mean of 0.44 and the lowest were PSB Rc 82 and PSB Rc 18 with a mean of 0.43. Such
numerical differences among the varieties are due to their varietal differences.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
24
Table 9. Total plant weight and harvest index of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
TOTAL PLANT WEIGHT HARVEST INDEX
(cm)
PSB Rc 14
0.95 0.44
PSB Rc 18
0.99
0.43
PSB
Rc
82
0.99
0.43
NSIC
Rc
130
1.06
0.46
NSIC
Rc
138
1.15
0.44
R
64
0.96
0.46
PSB Rc 28 (check)
0.95
0.46
C.V. (%)
10.36
20.80
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Yield per Plot and per Hectare
Grain yield per plot and per hectare is shown in Table 10 and Figure 2-5. No
marked differences were observed although NSIC Rc 138, numerically had the highest
mean yield of 3.31 kg/plot or 2.06 t/ha which is 0.460 kg higher than the check PSB Rc
28. It is interesting to note that NSIC Rc 138 are preferred by the farmers because it will
also generate more income.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
25
Table 10. Yield per plot and per hectare of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
YIELD PER PLOT
YIELD PER HECTARE
(kg/16m2)
(ton/ha)
PSB Rc 14
2.94
1.84
PSB Rc 18
2.92
1.83
PSB Rc 82
2.60
1.63
NSIC Rc 130
3.14
1.96
NSIC Rc 138
3.31
2.06
IR 64
2.96
1.85
PSB Rc 28 (check) 2.56
1.60
C.V. (%)
22.23
22.23
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Cost and Return Analysis
The return on cash expenses (ROCE) of rice varieties is shown in Table 11. NSIC
Rc 138 had the highest (69.53 %) ROCE while PSB Rc 28 (check variety) had the lowest
ROCE (30.09%). All the varieties had a positive ROCE. These results indicate that the
variety is used could be profitably grown in locations like Bugayong, Binalonan
Pangasinan. It appears though that NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 are the best since both
had a ROCE which was more than double that of the check variety.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
26
Table 11. Cost and return analysis of rice production ROCE using seven varieties (16m2)
VARIETIES GRAIN YIELD GROSS COST OF
NET
ROCE
PER PLOT INCOME PRODUCTION INCOME
(kg/16m2) (Php) (Php) (Php)
PSB Rc 14
2.95
73.75
48.81
24.94
51.09
PSB Rc 18
2.92
73.00
48.81
24.19
49.56
PSB Rc 82
2.60
65.00
48.81
16.19
33.17
NSIC Rc 130
3.14
78.50
48.81
29.69
60.83
NSIC Rc 138
3.31
82.75
48.81
33.94
69.53
IR 64
2.96
74.00
48.81
25.19
51.61
PSB Rc 28 (check)
2.54
63.50 48.81
14.69
30.09
Note: The selling price of rice grains is based on P 25.00/kilo.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
27
Figure 2. Overview of PSB Rc 14 and PSB Rc 18.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
28
Figure 3. Overview of PSB Rc 82 and NSIC Rc 130.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
29
Figure 4. Overview of NSIC Rc 138 and IR 64.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
30
Figure 5. Overview of PSB Rc 28 (check variety).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Seven varieties of rice were planted and evaluated in Bugayong, Binalonan
Pangasinan from October 2007 to February 2008. The different varieties were: PSB Rc
14, PSB Rc 18, PSB Rc 82, NSIC Rc 130, NSIC Rc 138, IR 64 and PSB Rc 28 (check
variety).
The study was conducted to test the performance of high yielding rice varieties in
terms of its growth, grain yield and resistance to pests and diseases which among the
varieties are best adapted in Bugayong, Binalonan Pangasinan.
Highly significant differences were observed among the varieties. NSIC Rc 138
produced tillers in 22 days, recorded the greatest number of productive tillers and gained
the highest number of grains per panicle.
PSB Rc 82 was the earliest to mature, the earliest to reach booting period, the
earliest to form heads and also the earliest to ripen at about 85 days after transplanting.
PSB Rc 28 (check variety) was the latest to reach the booting and heading.
Significant differences in height were observed among the varieties. PSB Rc 18
was the tallest followed by NSIC Rc 130, PSB Rc 82 and PSB Rc 14 are the shortest.
PSB Rc 18 had the longest length of panicle followed by NSIC Rc 138, while IR 64 was
the shortest length of panicle.
NSIC Rc 138 obtained the highest grain yield for both per plot and per hectare
(3.31 kg to 2.06 ton). While NSIC Rc 130 was the second (3.14 kg to 1.96 ton).
On the dead hearts evaluation, all varieties were resistant except IR 64 which was
rated moderately resistant and on white heads evaluation, PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 28 and IR
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
32
64 was rated moderately resistant. On blast evaluation, all varieties were resistant except
IR 64 which was rated intermediate.
Conclusion
Result showed that initially, all the varieties performed well which indicate that
they were adapted in the locality. Although PSB Rc 82 had greater number of productive
tillers and earlier maturity it had relatively lower yield and return on cash expenses
compared to the other test varieties. NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 showed good
potential as they outyielded the check variety and were found resistant to insect pests and
diseases. Both varieties exhibited the highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) with
69.5% and 60.83% respectively.
Recommendation
Based on the results of the study, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 are
recommended due to their relatively higher yield and return on cash expenses. They were
also found to be resistant to stemborer and rice blast.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
LITERATURE CITED
AGUNGAN, D. A. 2000. Evaluation of high yielding varieties of rice in Bitnong, Dupax
del Norte, Nueva Viscaya. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 16
BELINO, M. S. 1999. Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice under Poblacion,
Kibungan Benguet Condition. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 4.
ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA. 1980. The rice plant. New York, Grolier Incorporated
23: 499.
HOLANO, E. A. 2001. Evaluation of high yielding varieties of rice under Cadtay,
Kapangam Benguet condition. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 4.
IRRI. 1986. Annual Report. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 234-235.
KUSH, G. S. 1990. Strategies for rice varietal improvement for the 21st century. Crop
science of the Philippines. Pp. 26-30.
KUSH, G.S. and T. M. MASAJO. 1983. Rice production manual. Rice varietal
development. University of the Philippines, Los, Banos. Pp. 43-45, 59.
MARTIN, J.H. and W.H. LEONARD. 1970. Principles of field crop production. 2nd ed.
New York. McMillan Company. P. 498.
PCARRD. 1993. The Philippine recommends for grain legumes post production. Los
Banos, Laguna. Pp. 6-8.
PCARRD. 1981. Cagayan Technoguide for rice. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 88.
PHILRICE. 2001 Newsletter. October 2001. Munoz, Nueva Ecija
PHILRICE. 1995. PhilRice Newsletter. Philippine Rice Research Institute. Munos,
Nueva Ecija. P. 30.
PHILRICE. 1993. Rice production technoguide. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
Pp. 19-120.
PHILRICE. 2004. Rice Production Technoguide. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
TEAZON, J. 1994. World Book. From Information Founder. Inc. 525 W. Monroes
Chicago, IL 60661. All rights reserved.
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Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
34
UPLB. 1983. Rice production manual for NFAC- UPLB Countryside Action Program.
UPLB, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 7-8, 67, 146-148.
VERGARA, B.S. 1992. A farmer’s primer on growing rice. International Rice Research
Institute. Los Banos, Laguna. P. 164. Philippines. Pp. 3-4.
YOSHIDA, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research
Institute. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 1, 73.
WORTHEN, E. L. 1984. Farm soils their management and fertilization. John Willey and
Sons, Inc. London. Pp. 1-2.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE 1. Height of seedling before transplanting (cm)
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
23.81 25.29
25.76
74.86
24.95
PSB Rc 18
25.33 26.63
25.04
77.0 25.66
PSB Rc 82
26.87 26.36 25.49
78.72
26.24
NSIC Rc 130
23.38 28.31
25.74
77.43
25.81
NSIC Rc 138
26.23 27.04 27.79
81.06
27.02
IR 64
29.26 27.44 27.09
83.79
27.93
PSB Rc 28 (check)
20.69 25.58 27.34
73.61
24.54
TOTAL
175.57 186.65
184.25 546.47
26.021
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
24.6104
4.1017
1.42ns 3.00 4.82
Block
2
9.7080
4.8540
Error 12
34.6070
2.8839
TOTAL
20
68.9254
CV = 6.53 %, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.9805
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
35
APENDIX TABLE 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
23 23
23
69
23
PSB Rc 18
26 26
26
78
26
PSB Rc 82
23 23
23
69
23
NSIC Rc 130
23 23
23
69
23
NSIC Rc 138
22 22
22
66
22
IR 64
25 25
25
75
25
PSB Rc 28 (check)
25 25
25
75
25
TOTAL
167 167
167 501
23.86
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
_____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
0.05% 0.01%
Treatment
6
38.5714 6.4286 α** 3.00 4.82
Block
2
0
Error
12
0
TOTAL
20
38.5714
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
36
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage
REPLICATION
_______________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
12.6 13.2
13.0
38.8
12.93
PSB Rc 18
13.0 12.9
12.1
38.0
12.67
PSB Rc 82
12.9 13.2
14.2
40.3
13.43
NSIC Rc 130
13.4 15.4
16.8
46.0
15.2
NSIC Rc 138
16.4 15.9
15.5
47.8
15.93
IR 64
15.0 14.9
17.2
47.1
15.7
PSB Rc 28 (check)
14.5 15.3
17.2
47.0
15.67
TOTAL
97.8 100.8
106
305
14.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
36.8962 6.1494 7.27**
3.00 4.82
Block
2
4.9181 2.4590
Error 12
10.1552 1.0389
TOTAL
20
51.9695
CV = 6.34%, ** – highly significant
Standard Error = 0.5311
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
37
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Number of productive tillers per hill
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
8.1 10.3
9.6
28.0
9.3
PSB Rc 18
6.8 6.0
8.3
21.1
7.0
PSB Rc 82
6.9 7.1
7.8
21.8
7.27
NSIC Rc 130
7.0 8.8
10.8
26.6
8.87
NSIC Rc 138
8.7 6.7
9.7
25.1
8.37
IR 64
8.0
8.0
8.5
24.5
8.17
PSB Rc 28 (check)
6.8
9.1
8.0
23.9
7.97
TOTAL
52.3 56.0
62.7 171.0
8.136
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
12.0648 2.0108 1.94ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2
7.9400 3.9700
Error 12
12.4667 1.0389
TOTAL
20
32.4714
CV = 12.52 %, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.5885
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
38
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Number of days from transplanting to booting
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
55 55
55
165
55
PSB Rc 18
55 55
55
165
55
PSB Rc 82
51 51
51
153
51
NSIC Rc 130
53 53
53
159
53
NSIC Rc 138
53 53
53
159
53
IR 64
55 55
55
165
55
PSB Rc 28 (check)
55 55 55
165
55
TOTAL
377 377
377 1131
53.86
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 44.5714 7.4286 α**
3.00 4.82
Block
2 0
0
Error
12
0
0
TOTAL
20 44.5714
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
39
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Number of days from booting to heading
REPLICATION
_______________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
16 16
16
48
16
PSB Rc 18
18 18
18
54
18
PSB Rc 82
13 13 13
39
13
NSIC Rc 130
18 18 18
54
18
NSIC Rc 138
14 14 14
42
14
IR 64
16 16 16
48
16
PSB Rc 28 (check)
20 20 20
60
20
TOTAL
115 115
115 345
16.43
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 107.1429 17.8572 α**
3.00 4.82
Block
2
0
0
Error
12
0 0
TOTAL
20
107.1429
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
40
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Number of days from transplanting to heading
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
75 75
75
225
75
PSB Rc 18
80 80
80
240
80
PSB Rc 82
74 74
74
222
74
NSIC Rc 130
76 76
76
228
76
NSIC Rc 138
75 75
75
225
75
IR 64
75 75
75
225
75
PSB Rc 28 (check)
82 82
82
246
82
TOTAL
537 537
537 1611
76.71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
166.2857
27.7143
α** 3.00 4.82
Block 2
0
0
Error 12
0
0
TOTAL
20
166.2857
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
41
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of days from heading to ripening
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
15 15 15
45
15
PSB Rc 18
12 12 12
36
12
PSB Rc 82
11 11
11
33
11
NSIC Rc 130
16 16
16
48
16
NSIC Rc 138
15 15
15
45
15
IR 64
17 17
17
51
17
PSB Rc 28 (check)
12 12
12
36
12
TOTAL
98 98
98 339
14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6
96.00 16.00 α**
3.00 4.82
Block 2
0
0
Error
12
0
0
TOTAL
20
96.00
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
42
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Final height at harvest (cm)
REPLICATION
_________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
57.5 56.2
57.4
171.1
57.03
PSB Rc 18
71.2 64.3
71.5
207.0
69.0
PSB Rc 82
69.0 62.0
55.7
186.7
62.23
NSIC Rc 130
62.0 63.0
64.2
189.2
63.1
NSIC Rc 138
62.0 60.1
59.5
181.6
60.53
IR 64
56.2 57.0
61.0
174.2
58.1
PSB Rc 28 (check)
59.0 58.3
59.4
176.7
58.9
TOTAL
436.9 420.9
428.7 1286.5
61.27
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
294.8362 49.1394 4.75*
3.00 4.82
Block 2
18.2895 9.1448
Error
12 124.1438 10.3453
TOTAL
20
437.2695
CV = 5.25%, * - significant
Standard Error = 1.8570
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
43
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Length of panicle at harvest (cm)
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
45.29 38.98
42.67
126.94
42.31
PSB Rc 18
51.18 48.12
49.7
149.0
49.67
PSB Rc 82
40.81 43.47
44.91
129.19
43.1
NSIC Rc 130
41.78 44.16
42.37
128.31
42.77
NSIC Rc 138
46.56 44.55
48.11
139.22
46.41
IR 64
44.73 39.85
40.69
125.27
41.76
PSB Rc 28 (check)
42.0 43.62
41.81
127.48
42.49
TOTAL
312.35 302.75
310.26
925.41
44.1
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 151.3859 25.2310 5.91** 3.00 4.82
Block 2 7.2823 3.6411
Error 12 51.1901 4.2658
TOTAL
20 209.8583
CV = 4.69, * - significant
Standard Error = 1.1925
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
44
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Number of grains per panicle
REPLICATION
_______________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
95.9 93.2
84.9
273.9
91.3
PSB Rc 18
87.7 94.7
86.1
268.5
89.5
PSB Rc 82
94.3 88.9
86.4
269.6
89.87
NSIC Rc 130
102.1 95.9
90.6
288.6
96.2
NSIC Rc 138
90.6 100.5
100.4
291.5
97.2
IR 64
81.4 67.8
79.4
228.6
76.2
PSB Rc 28 (check)
92.7 94.7
89.0
276.4
92.13
TOTAL
644.7 635.8
616.8 1897.1
90.343
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 858.0448 143.0075 5.08** 3.00 4.82
Block 2 57.9343 28.9671
Error 12 337.7524 28.1460
TOTAL
20 1253.7314
CV = 5.87%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 3.0630
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
45
APPENDIX TABLE 12a. Pest evaluation. Stemborer (Dead hearts)
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
1
2
1
4
1.33
PSB Rc 18
1
1
2
4
1.33
PSB Rc 82
1
3
1
5
1.66
NSIC Rc 130
2
1
1
4
1.33
NSIC Rc 138
1
1
1
3
1.0
IR 64
5
2
1
8
2.66
PSB Rc 28 (check)
1
2
2
5
1.66
TOTAL
12
12
9 33
1.57
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Block 6 5.1429 0.8571 0.78ns 3.00 4.82
Treatment 2 0.8571 0.4286
Error 12 13.1429 1.0952
TOTAL
20 19.1429
CV = 66.60%, ns = not significant
Standard Error = 0.6042
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
46
APPENDIX TABLE 12b Stemborer. (White heads)
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
2
3
3
8
2.66
PSB Rc 18
2
1
1
4
1.33
PSB Rc 82
2
2
1
5
1.66
NSIC Rc 130
1
2 1
4
1.33
NSIC Rc 138
1
1
2
4
1.33
IR 64
1
2 3
6
2.0
PSB Rc 28 (check)
2
2 2
6
2.0
TOTAL
11 13 13 37
1.76
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 4.4762 0.7460 1.81ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.3810 0.1905
Error 12 4.9524 0.4127
TOTAL
20
9.8095
CV = 36.46%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.3709
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
47
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Disease evaluation. Blast (Neckrot)
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
2
1
1
4
1.33
PSB Rc 18
1
1
2
4
1.33
PSB Rc 82
1
2 1
4
1.33
NSIC Rc 130
1
1 1
3
1.0
NSIC Rc 138 1
1 1
3
1.0
IR 64 3
1 2
6
2.0
PSB Rc 28 (check) 2
2 1
5
1.66
TOTAL
11
9 9 29
1.38
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 2.2857 0.3810 1.07ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.3810 0.1905
Error 12 4.2857 0.3571
TOTAL
20 6.9524
CV = 43.28%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.3450
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
48
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Total plant weight (kg)
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
0.84 1.05
0.98
2.87
0.96
PSB Rc 18
0.85 1.03
1.09
2.97
0.99
PSB Rc 82
1.01 1.01
0.95
2.97
0.99
NSIC Rc 130
1.03 1.03
1.14
3.2
1.10
NSIC Rc 138
1.23 1.12
1.12
3.47
1.17
IR 64
1.11 0.85
0.93
2.89
0.96
PSB Rc 28 (check)
0.92 0.84 1.10 2.86
0.95
TOTAL
6.99 6.93
7.31 21.23
1.02
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 0.1012 0.0169 1.54ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.0119 0.0060
Error 12 0.1316 0.0110
TOTAL
20 0.2448
CV = 10.36%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.0605
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
49
APPENDIX TABLE 15. Harvest Index
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
0.51 0.34
0.49
1.34
0.45
PSB Rc 18
0.60 0.41
0.30
1.31
0.44
PSB Rc 82
0.39 0.60
0.32
1.31
0.44
NSIC Rc 130
0.45 0.51
0.44
1.40
0.47
NSIC Rc 138
0.41 0.49
0.42
1.32
0.44
IR 64
0.490. 0.48
0.41
1.38
0.46
PSB Rc 28 (check)
0.40 0.51
0.49
1.40
0.47
TOTAL
3.25 3.34
2.87
9.16 0.453
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 0.0034 0.0006 0.06ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.0178 0.0089
Error 12 0.1054 0.0088
TOTAL
20 0.1265
CV = 20.80%, ns = not significant
Standard Error = 0.0541
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
50
APPENDIX TABLE 16. Yield per plot (kg)
REPLICATION
_________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
3.14 2.6
3.1
8.84
2.95
PSB Rc 18
3.7 2.9
2.17
8.77
2.92
PSB Rc 82
2.10 3.7
2.0
7.8
2.6
NSIC Rc 130
3.14 3.15
3.12
9.41
3.14
NSIC Rc 138
3.3 3.5
3.12
9.92
3.31
IR 64
3.8 2.6
2.5
8.9
2.96
PSB Rc 28 (check)
2.17 2.13
3.4
7.7
2.56
TOTAL
21.35 20.58
16.29 61.34
2.92
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 1.2798 0.2133 0.51ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.2726 0.1363
Error 12 5.0616 0.4218
TOTAL
20 6.6140
CV = 22.23%, ns - not significant
Standard Error = 0.3750
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
51
APPENDIX TABLE 17. Yield per hectare (ton)
REPLICATION
_________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
1.96 1.63
1.94
5.53 1.84
PSB Rc 18
2.31 1.81 1.36 5.48 1.83
PSB Rc 82
1.31 2.31
1.25 4.88 1.63
NSIC Rc 130
1.96 1.97
1.95
5.88 1.96
NSIC Rc 138
2.06 2.19 1.95 6.20 2.06
IR 64
2.38 1.63 1.56
5.56 1.85
PSB Rc 28 (check)
1.36 1.33
2.13
4.81 1.60
TOTAL
13.34 12.86 12.13 38.34 18.25
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 0.3705 0.0618 0.38ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.0272 0.0136
Error 12 1.9650
0.1637
TOTAL
20 2.9650
CV = 21.83%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.2336
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
URBANO, RONILLO R. APRIL 2008. Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of
Rice Under Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Seven different varieties of rice namely: PSB Rc 14 (Rio grande), PSB Rc 18
(Ala), PSB Rc 82 (Peñaronda), NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3), NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5) and
PSB Rc 28 ( check variety) were evaluated to test the performance of high yielding rice
varieties in terms of its growth, grain yield and resistance to pests and diseases and which
variety is best suited under Bugayong, Binalonan Pangasinan from October 2007 to
February 2008.
Among the different varieties evaluated, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 recorded
the highest number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, total plant weight,
highest grain yield (2066.66 kg) and (1960.42 kg), respectively and resistance to pests
and diseases. Both varieties exhibited the highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) with
69.5% and 60.83% respectively.
Other varieties evaluated are not well adapted and accepted due to their short
statue, low grain yield and having characteristics of shattering.
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130, therefore, are highly recommended under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pangasinan.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… i
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………
ii
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE …………………………………………………... 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………………………… 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………….
14
Height of Seedling Before
Transplanting …………………………... ……………………………. 14
Number of Days from
Transplanting to Tillering …………………………………………… 14
Number of Tillers at Maximum
Tillering Stage ……………………………………………………….. 15
Number of Productive Tillers Per Hill ………………………………. 16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Booting …………………………………………………………….
17
Number of Days from Booting to Heading ………………………….
17
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Heading ……………………………………...…………………… 18
Number of Days from Heading t
o Ripening …………………………………………………….……... 19
Final Height at Harvest ……………………………………………… 19
Length of Panicle at Harvest ………………………………………… 20
Number of Grains per Panicle ……………………………………….. 20
ii
Reaction to Insect Pests ……………………………………………… 21
Blast (Neck rot) ……………………………………………………… 22
Total Plant Weight …………………………………………………… 23
Harvest Index ………………………………………………………… 23
Yield per Plot ………………………………………………………… 24
Yield per Hectare …………………………………………………….. 24
Cost and Return Analysis ……………….. ………………………….. 25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION ……………………………………………………….. 31
Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 31
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………… 32
Recommendation ………………………………………………………. 32
LITERATURE CITED …………………………………………………………. 33
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………….. 35
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rice is the staple food of the Filipinos and the lifeblood of the nation. A semi-
aquatic plant scientifically known as Oryza sativa Linn, it is one of the oryzoid groups of
the grass family Graminae. It grows readily in areas of considerable warmth and moisture
(PhilRice, 1993).
The rice plant usually takes 3-6 months from germination to maturity, depending
on the variety and the environment under which is grown. During this period, rice
completes basically two distinct sequential growth stages: vegetative and reproductive.
The reproductive stage is subdivided into preheading and postheading periods. The latter
is better known as the ripening period. Yield capacity, or the potential size of crop yield,
is primarily determined during preheading (Yoshida, 1981).
In the Philippines, rice production is a main source of income for many farmers.
Rice production is common in places like Isabela, Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya,
Pangasinan and others. Low yield of rice is however observed in these areas due to
factors such as poor choice of variety, soil degradation, improper cultural management
practices, and others. Continuos selection of rice varieties suited to a particular location is
therefore important.
Based on the National statistic office, Philippine population in the year 2000 was
already 73 m, and it was estimated that by the year 2020, the country’s population shall
pass the 100 m mark. The country’s current rice consumption as food is 22,000 tons per
day. Aside from this, some goes to waste, seed requirement, industries and other purposes
(PhilRice, 2001).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
2
Because of increasing population and the land intended for cropping is becoming
smaller due to demand for other uses such as residential and commercial purposes, there
is a need to use high yielding varieties and to adopt new techniques of production like the
improvement of traditional agricultural practices, proper time of planting and
mechanization.
The use of improved varieties of rice may permit two or three successive
croppings per year. Varietal evaluation studies in other places revealed that improved
varieties could produce more yields than the traditional ones. However, rice yield varies
depending on the place of planting, kind of soil, temperature, fertilizer application, water
and necessary care.
Variety evaluation is necessary due to the decreasing yield of existing varieties in
localities, which have been used for a long time by the farmers. This is necessary to find
outstanding on high yielding varieties to replace degenerated cultivars. The necessity of
evaluating varieties to suit prevailing local conditions is made more important by the fact
that expansion of land cultivated by farmers is not possible.
This study was conducted to test the performance of high yielding rice varieties in
terms of its growth, grain yield and resistance to pests and diseases, and to determine
which variety is best suited under Bugayong, Binalonan, Pangasinan condition.
This study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bugayong, Binalonan, Pangasinan
from October 2007 to February 2008.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation
Improved rice varieties would vary according to the ecological conditions in
which these are grown. Agronomic characters generally associated with high yield
potential and nitrogen responsiveness in irrigated lowland varieties possess short or semi-
dwarf stature, lodging resistance, high tillering ability, non-spreading culms, and
relatively short erect leaves, strong seedling vigor, insensitivity to photoperiod, medium
threshing ability and moderate grain dormancy and other available traits (UPLB, 1983).
Modern varieties have greater yield potential than traditional varieties even under
the best conditions. Use of fertilizer and improved farming practices will increase grain
yield more in modern varieties than in traditional ones. The use of improved varieties is
the cheapest single innovation that has the built-in capability for increasing yield
substantially (Vergara, 1992).
PCARRD (1981) stated that planting the right varieties that are suited to the
specific locations would result to increase yield by 20 %.
Varieties maybe location- specific in accordance to prevailing environmental
conditions. This is exemplified by the release of three rice varieties in specific parts of the
country. Two of these varieties, Matatag 3 and Matatag 6, were recommended for
comercial planting in tungro hot spot areas in the Visayas and in Mindanao. The third
variety, Angelica, was recommended specially for the irrigated lowlands in Agusan del
Norte where it has been identified to perform well even under unfavorable conditions
such as nutrient deficient soils and low solar radiation (PhilRice, 2004).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
4
Belino (1999) stated that since exports contribute much in the country’s
economy, the government through Agricultural Universities and Colleges like Benguet
State University, and others, encourage rice varietal testing and experimentation to
determine what variety will give more yields and thus be recommended to farmers.
Evaluating six different varieties of rice at Cadtay, Kapangan, Benguet, Holano
(2001) found PSB Rc 56 and PSB Rc 34 registering the highest yield.
PhilRice news (2001) stated that two enterprising farmers took the challenge to
try hybrid rice in rice production to earn more income and contribute to rice self-
sufficiency program of the government. With hybrid rice, they earned more than what
they usually get from inbred rice production.
According to Kush and Masajo (1983) agronomic and morphological traits
needed in improved rice varieties would vary according to the ecological condition and in
which these are grown. Characters generally associated with high yielding potential and
nitrogen responsiveness in irrigated lowland varietis are short and semi dwarf feature,
lodging resistant, high tillering ability, non-spreading culms, and relatively short and
erect leaves.
Kush (1990) enumerated some strategies in increasing the yield potential of
irrigated rice including modification of its plant type, since the short statured plant type
with high tillering and dark green leaves developed in the 1960’s has reached a yield
Plateau, exploiting heterosis and increasing yield stability by incorporation of multiple
resistance to disease and insect pests and tolerance to abiotic factors. For developing rice
varieties for unfavorable environment there is a need to define and characterize the major
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
5
unfavorable rice ecologies and identify the varietal characteristics suitable for each
ecology.
Soil and Water Requirement
A productive soil is the first essential for profitable farming. Soil vary in their
capacity to produced crops. Continued and successful production of crops requires
maintenance of high fertility level of the soil. The depth of topsoil may vary from 18 to
22 cm and the pH may range from 4.5 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral (Worthen,
1984).
Water requirement varies from the stage of plant. During seedling period, only
thin layer of water to cover the seed is needed. During the vegetative period, water is
increase 3-5 cm as the productive stage begins. The depth of water is from 10 to 15 cm
because reproductive stage of the rice is sensitive to drought. During the ripening stage,
the water should be gradually removed from the field until two weeks before harvesting
UPLB (1983).
While rice plant is still growing, water stress must be avoided to prevent retards
on the growth and reduced tillers. Large amount of unfilled grains is due to lack of water.
Insufficient water results in wilting, thus reducing the capacity of the plant to produced
and transport its food (PhilRice, 2001).
Fertilizer Requirement
IRRI (1986) noted that basal application of fertilizer combined with P and K helps
early seedling vigor, stand establishment and rapid coverage of the field by rice foliage
with consequent reduction in weed population. With availability of high yielding, early
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
6
maturing varieties and prospects of adopting timely weed control, a level of 30 to 40 kg
N and 15 to 20 kg of each of P2O5, and K2O help early seedling vigor and consequent
reduction of weed population.
Effect of Temperature
Temperature is the most important factor to consider in rice production. Rice can
grow successfully in regions that have mean of 21oC or above. Higher yield is obtained in
warmer places, which may experience a low summer rainfall compared to the humid
places (Martin and Leonard, 1970).
Within the critical low and high temperatures, temperature affects grain yield by
affecting tillering, spikelet formation, and ripening. There is usually an optimum
temperature for different physiological processes and these vary to some degree with
variety. Therefore, the results of an experiment depend on the variety used and on
whether the range of temperatures studied is above or below the optimum. Within a
temperature range of 22°-31°C, the growth rate increases almost linearly with increasing
temperatures (Yoshida, 1981).
Effect of Pest and Diseases
The major insect pests of rice in the Philippines are rice stem borer, leaf hopper,
plant hopper, army worm and whorl maggots. Which cause 50 to 100 % reduction yield
(UPLB, 1983).
Losses of rice yield due to pests and diseases are estimated at 10 % to 12 %
respectively. Although the loss on any single field can be catastrophic, most disease
control measures include planting resistant varieties and using remedial cultural practices.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
7
However, new technique include the use of foliar fungicides are extremely effective
(Encyclopedia Americana, 1980).
Ingram (1995) as cited by Agungan (2000) noted that diseases and insect
problems are common in rainfed lowland rice. However, for successful production of
both rice crops, rice cultivars which are planted should be resistant to insect and diseases
like brown plant hoppers, stem borers and rice bugs which are the most common insect
pests. Blast, bacterial blight and brown spot are the common diseases
Harvesting and Threshing
When 80 to 85 % of the grains at the upper portion of the panicle are yellow or
straw colored, and those at the base are in the hard dough stage, it is time to harvest
PhilRice (1993).
According to PCARRD (1993), ripened grains may drop from the panicle most
specially under low temperature when harvesting is delayed. Delayed harvesting may
also result to cracking and low milling recovery.
After harvesting, the crop is then ready for threshing (process of separating the
grains from the rest of the plant). The farmers may thresh the grains by beating the
panicles against a slatted bamboo screen, letting the grains fall between the slats. Some
farmers put the bundles of rice through a gasoline-powered thresher. In some areas, farm
animals walk over the bundles to thresh the grain (Teason, 1994).
PhilRice (1993) stated that sun drying is the most common post harvest practice
of Filipino farmers. In solar drying, the cleaned palay is spread in a layer 2.4 cm thick on
various surfaces such as straw mat, fish net, canvass, threshing floor or on the road. The
palay is stirred to allow uniform drying.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This experiment used seven different high rice yielding varieties which was
assigned to individual treatments as follows:
CODE
VARIETIES
SOURCE
V1 PSB Rc 14 (Rio grande)
BPI-NSQCS
V2 PSB Rc 18 (Ala)
BPI-NSQCS
V3 PSB Rc 82 (Peñaronda)
BPI-NSQCS
V4 NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3)
BPI-NSQCS
V5 NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5)
BPI-NSQCS
V6 IR 64
BPI-NSQCS
V7
PSB Rc 28 (Agno, check)
Bugayong
Seedbed and Land Preparation
Seven seedbeds, measuring 50cm x 100cm each was prepared for the seven
different varieties. One variety was sown in each seedbed to avoid mixture. Necessary
label was placed on each seedbed for proper identification.
An experimental area of 336 m2 was prepared, and divided into 21 plots with a
dimension of 1.6m x 10m each. Before transplanting, the land was prepared thoroughly.
The soil was puddled and leveled for easy transplanting.
The land was irrigated after it has been prepared to hasten the decomposition of
weeds. During the leveling and final harrowing, the required N-P-K fertilizer at the rate
of 60-30-30 kg/ha was incorporated. Five days before panicle initiation urea was top-
dressed at the rate of 30-0-0 kg NPK per hectare.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
9
Lay-outing and Transplanting
After land preparation, the experimental plots were laid out and labeled
accordingly. Seedlings were transplanted on the designated plot for each following the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replication. Each of the seven
varieties was planted with two seedlings per hill on a straight row at a distance of 20cm x
20cm.
Weeds, Insect Pests and Disease Control
Hand weeding was done when necessary after transplanting. Insect pests and
diseases was controlled and monitored to reduce economic losses. Other recommended
cultural management practices was followed to ensure better yield.
The data to be gathered are the following:
1. Height of seedling before transplanting (cm). The height of rice seedlings was
measured from the base to the longest leaf before transplanting using 10 sample hills per
plot.
2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was recorded when at
least 50 % of the total plants started producing tillers.
3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage. The numbers of tillers when the
flag leaf would have emerged were counted using 10 hills per plot.
4. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers were
counted using 10 sample hills per plot selected at random. Only rice plants which
produced panicles was counted and considered.
5. Number of days from transplanting to booting. This was taken when at least
50 % of the total plants in a plot have booted.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
10
6. Number of days from booting to heading. This was taken when at least 50
% of the total plants have produced heads.
7. Number of days from transplanting to heading. This was recorded when at
least 50 % of the grain in the panicle have ripened or turned yellow.
8. Number of days from heading to ripening. This was taken when at least 80 %
of the grains in the panicle have ripened.
9. Final height at harvest (cm). This was measured from the soil surface to the
tip of the longest panicle of rice plant taken at ripening stage.
10. Length of panicle at harvest (cm). This was measured from panicle base to
panicle tip of the rice plants taken at harvest using 10 panicles per plot.
11. Number of grains per panicle. This was taken using 10 plants per plot
selected at random.
12. Stemborer. Field rating for rice was based on actual percentage of
dead hearts and white heads using the three middle rows of the plot as sampling area. Ten
sample hills were selected at random where dead hearts were counted 35 and 45 days
after transplanting, respectively, while white heads were counted, also using ten sample
hills taken at random. The following standard scales used (PhilRice, 1996).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
11
Stemborer
RATING INDEX
DESCRIPTION
%DEAD HEARTS %WHITE HEADS
1 R
1-10
1-5
3 MR
11-20
6-10
5 I 21-30
11-15
7 MS
31-60
16-25
9 S
60
and
above
25
and
above
13. Blast (Neckrot). Evaluation on the severity of rice blast was taken from the
plant at the center rows. Ten hills taken at random were used. The following standard was
used (PhilRice, 1996).
INDEX %
BLAST
Rating
1
0-5
%
Resistant
2
6-25
% Intermediate
3
25 and above
Susceptible
14. Total plant weight (kg). This was taken by weighing the whole plant
including the grains after drying using 10 samples taken at random per treatment.
15. Harvest Index. This was taken by using the formula.
Economic yield
Harvest Index = -----------------------------
Botanical
yield
16. Yield per plot. After the harvest, the grains were dried to approximately 14
% moisture content. The filled grains were separated from the unfilled grains by
winnowing. Only the filled grains were used to obtain the grain weight or yield per plot.
17. Yield per hectare. This was taken by converting the grains per plot
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
12
into hectare using ratio and proportion; where:
Yield x
Yield per hectare = ---------------------- x ------------------
1.6m x 10 m 10,000 m2
18. Cost and Return Analysis. All production cost were recorded and net profit
Was obtained. Return on cash expenses were computed using the formula.
Net Income
Return On Cash Expense (ROCE) = ---------------------------------------------- X 100
Total Cost of Production
Data Analysis
All the quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
for Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of difference among
the treatment means was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
13
Figure 1. Overview of the area after cleaning and seed germination.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Height of Seedling Before Transplanting
Comparative seedling height of seven varieties of rice before transplanting is
shown in Table 1. It was observed that IR 64 was significantly taller than the check
variety but not with the rest of the test varieties. The significant differences among
treatments could be attributed to their varietal characteristics.
Table 1. Height of seedling before transplanting of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
HEIGHT
OF
SEEDLING
(cm)
PSB Rc 14
24.95ab
PSB
Rc
18
25.66ab
PSB
Rc
82
26.24ab
NSIC
Rc
130
25.81ab
NSIC
Rc
138
27.02ab
IR
64
27.93a
PSB Rc 28 (check)
24.53b
C.V. (%)
6.53
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Number of Days from Transplanting to Tillering
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to tillering. It was observed
that NSIC Rc 138 produced tillers in 22 days which was 1-4 days earlier than the other
varieties. It was followed by PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 82 and NSIC Rc 130 in 23 days. Such
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
15
significant result could be attributed to the adaptability of the four varieties to Bugayong,
Binalonan Pangasinan condition.
The vegetative stage is characterized by active tillering, gradual increase in plant
height, and leaf emergence at regular intervals. Active tillering refers to a stage when
tillering rate – the increase in tiller number per unit of time – is high (Yoshida, 1981).
Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
DAYS
TO
TILLERING
PSB Rc 14
23c
PSB Rc 18
26a
PSB Rc 82
23c
NSIC
Rc
130
23c
NSIC
Rc
138
22d
IR 64
25b
PSB Rc 28 (check)
25b
C.V.
(%)
0
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Number of Tillers at Maximum
Tillering Stage
NSIC Rc 138 produced the highest number of tillers with a mean of 15.93 (Table
3). It was followed by IR 64 (15.70), PSB Rc 28 (check variety) (15.66) and NSIC Rc
130 (15.20). PSB Rc 14 and PSB Rc 18 recorded the lowest number of tillers with a
mean of 12.93 and 12.66, respectively. These significant differences among treatments
could be attributed to their varietal differences. IRRI (1992) stated that modern varieties
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
16
have more tillers than old variety and varieties differ in tillering ability Spacing the plants
far apart gives maximum tillering.
The higher tillering capacity of NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 130, and IR 64 could be
indicative of their higher yield potential compared to the other varieties.
Number of Productive Tillers per Hill
The number of productive tillers per hill show some significant differences among
the varieties (Table 3). PSB Rc 14 produced greater number of productive tillers (9.33)
than PSB Rc 18 which had the least number of productive tillers (7.03). No other marked
differences among varieties were noted.
According to UPLB (1992), not all the tillers produce heads; some tillers die,
others remain at the vegetative stage since there is competition among the tillers for
nutrient and light. Thus, the production of tillers may not be a good gauge of the yield
potential of rice.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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Table 3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage and number of productive tillers
per hill of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
NUMBER OF TILLERS AT
NUMBER OF PRODUCTIVE
MAXIMUM TILLERING STAGE TILLERS PER HILL
PSB Rc 14
12.93b
9.33a
PSB Rc 18
12.66b
7.03b
PSB Rc 82
13.43b
7.26ab
NSIC Rc 130
15.20a
8.86ab
NSIC Rc 138
15.93a
8.36ab
IR
64
15.70a
8.16ab
PSB Rc 28 (check)
15.66a
7.96ab
C.V. (%)
6.34
12.52
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting
The average number of days from transplanting to booting is shown in Table 4.
PSB Rc 82 was the earliest to boot in 51 days, which was 1-4 days earlier than the other
varieties. It appears that PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 18, IR 64 and PSB Rc 28 (check variety) are
later maturing compared to the 3 other varieties. This is due to varietal characteristics.
Numbers of Days from Booting to Heading
Table 4 also shows the number of days from booting to heading. PSB Rc 82 was
the earliest to produce head with a mean of 13 days from booting. It was followed closely
by NSIC Rc 138 in 14 days, while PSB Rc 28 (check variety) was the latest to produce
heads. The reaction of varieties from booting to heading may not always be due to
genetic factors but also temperature – influenced. For example low temperature have
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
18
been known to delay booting. Also, spikelet sterility appears to be affected by both night
and day temperatures (Yoshida, 1981).
Number of Days from Transplanting to Heading
Table 4 shows the number of days from transplanting to heading. PSB Rc 82 was
the earliest to produce heads with a mean of 74 days, which was 1-8 days earlier than the
other varieties. Check variety PSB Rc 28 was the last to produce heads in 82 days after
transplanting. Significant differences could be attributed to their varietal characteristics. It
seems that variety PSB Rc 82 belonged to early maturing varieties which resulted to its
early heading.
Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to booting, booting to heading and
transplanting to heading of seven rice varieties
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TRANSPLANTING
BOOTING TO
TRANSPLANTING
VARIETY
TO BOOTING
HEADING
TO HEADING
PSB Rc 14
55a
16c
75d
PSB Rc 18
55a
18b
80b
PSB Rc 82
51c
13e
74e
NSIC Rc 130
53b
18b
76c
NSIC Rc 138
53b
14d
75d
IR
64
55a
16c
75d
PSB Rc 28 (check) 55a
20a
82a
C.V. (%)
0
0
0
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
19
Number of Days from Heading to Ripening
The number of days from heading to ripening is shown in Table 5. Highly
significant differences were observed among the varieties in which PSB Rc 82
significantly ripened earlier in 11 days which was 1-6 days earlier than the rest. It was
followed by variety PSB Rc 18 and PSB Rc 28 (check variety) with means of 12 days.
Variety IR 64 was the latest to ripen in 17 days. Significant differences could be
attributed to their varietal characteristic. This shows that different varieties differ in their
performance and adaptability to the locality.
Final Height at Harvest
Plant height at harvest is shown in Table 5. It was observed that PSB Rc 18 was
significantly taller than the other varieties with a mean of 69 cm followed by variety
NSIC Rc 130 (63.06 cm), PSB Rc 82 (62.23 cm) and NSIC Rc 138 with a mean of 60.
53. The shortest among the varieties evaluated was PSB Rc 14 with a mean of 57.o3 cm.
The difference is about 11.97 cm. Taller plant may have an increased ability to compete
with weeds but it may also cause spacing problems. Yield reductions due to weeds
decrease with increasing plant height (Yoshida, 1981).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
20
Table 5. Number of days from heading to ripening and final height at harvest of seven
rice varieties
VARIETY
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
FINAL HEIGHT AT
HEADING
TO
RIPENING
HARVEST
(cm)
PSB Rc 14
15c
57.03b
PSB Rc 18
12d
69.00a
PSB Rc 82
11e
62.23b
NSIC Rc 130
16b
63.06b
NSIC Rc 138
15c
60.53b
IR
64
17a
58.06b
PSB Rc 28 (check)
12d
58.90b
CV
(%)
0
5.25
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Length of Panicle at Harvest
Table 6 shows the length of panicles of rice plants at harvest. Among the varieties
evaluated, it was noted that PSB Rc 18 had the longest panicle (49.66 cm). It was
followed by NSIC Rc 138 (46.41 cm). IR 64 had the shortest panicle with a mean of
41.75 cm. The difference between the highest and lowest panicle length at harvest is
about 7.91 cm, a substantial length which could translate into more grains per panicle.
The significant differences could be due to their genetic make up.
Number of Grains per Panicle
The number of grains per panicle is shown in Table 6. It was observed that NSIC
Rc 138 gained the highest number of grains per panicle with a mean of 97.17. It was
followed by NSIC Rc 130 with a mean of 96.20, PSB Rc 28 (check variety) with a mean
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
21
of 92.13 and PSB Rc 14 (91.33). IR 64 had the lowest number of grains per panicle with
a mean of 76.20. The difference between the number of grains per panicle is about 20.97.
Such, significant differences are due to the compactness of grains in the panicle.
According to Yoshida (1981) the number of panicles per square meter is largely
dependent on tillering performance, which is largely determined 10 days after the number
of tillers at maximum tillering stage.
Table 6. Length of panicle at harvest and number of grains per panicle of seven rice
varieties
VARIETY
LENGTH OF PANICLE
NUMBER OF GRAINS
AT HARVEST (cm) PER PANICLE
PSB Rc 14
42.31c
91.33
PSB Rc 18
49.66a
89.50
PSB Rc 82
43.06bc
89.86
NSIC Rc 130
42.77bc
96.20
NSIC Rc 138
46.41ab
97.16
IR
64
41.75c
76.20
PSB Rc 28 (check)
42.47bc
92.13
C.V. (%)
4.69
5.87
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Reaction to Insect Pest
Evaluation of stemborer expressed as dead hearts and white heads was done
before booting and heading, respectively. IR 64 was moderately field-resistant to dead
heart. The rest of the variety treatment was found to be resistant. On white heads
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
22
evaluation, PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 28 (check variety) and IR 64 was rated moderately
resistant. Other entries had high yielding potential resistance to insect pests.
Table 7. Reaction to insect pests of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
DEAD – DESCRIPTION WHITE – DESCRIPTION
HEARTS
HEADS
PSB Rc 14
1 R
3
MR
PSB Rc 18
1 R
1
R
PSB Rc 82
1 R 1
R
NSIC Rc 130
1
R 1
R
NSIC Rc 138
1 R 1
R
IR 64
3 MR 3
MR
PSB Rc 28 (check) 1 R 3
MR
C.V. (%)
66.60
66.60
R – Resistant; MR – Moderately Resistant; I – Intermediate; MS – Moderately
Susceptible; S – Susceptible
Rice Blast (Neck Rot)
Rice blast disease evaluation was taken at harvest. It was observed that IR 64 was
the only rated with intermediate resistance to rice blast. The rest of the entries were found
to be resistant (Table 8).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
23
Table 8. Rice Blast (neck rot) of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
BLAST (NECK ROT)
DESCRIPTION
PSB
Rc
14
1
RESISTANT
PSB
Rc
18
1 RESISTANT
PSB
Rc
82
1
RESISTANT
NSIC
Rc
130
1 RESISTANT
NSIC
Rc
138
1 RESISTANT
IR 64
2
INTERMEDIATE
PSB Rc 28 (check)
1
RESISTANT
C.V. (%)
43.28
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMR
Total Plant Weight
Table 9 shows that among the varieties evaluated NSIC Rc 138 had the highest
total plant weight with a mean of 1.16 kg followed by NSIC Rc 130 with a mean of 1.06
kg and PSB Rc 28 (check variety) had the lowest total plant weight with a mean of 0.95
kg. Significant differences are due to the structure of each variety which include plant
height, number of tillers, length of panicles, number of grains per panicle and leaf
characteristics.
Harvest Index
Table 9 shows the harvest index of rice plant. PSB Rc 28, NSIC Rc 130, and IR
64 show the highest harvest index (0.46), followed by PSB Rc 14 and NSIC Rc 138 with
a mean of 0.44 and the lowest were PSB Rc 82 and PSB Rc 18 with a mean of 0.43. Such
numerical differences among the varieties are due to their varietal differences.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
24
Table 9. Total plant weight and harvest index of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
TOTAL PLANT WEIGHT HARVEST INDEX
(cm)
PSB Rc 14
0.95 0.44
PSB Rc 18
0.99
0.43
PSB
Rc
82
0.99
0.43
NSIC
Rc
130
1.06
0.46
NSIC
Rc
138
1.15
0.44
R
64
0.96
0.46
PSB Rc 28 (check)
0.95
0.46
C.V. (%)
10.36
20.80
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Yield per Plot and per Hectare
Grain yield per plot and per hectare is shown in Table 10 and Figure 2-5. No
marked differences were observed although NSIC Rc 138, numerically had the highest
mean yield of 3.31 kg/plot or 2.06 t/ha which is 0.460 kg higher than the check PSB Rc
28. It is interesting to note that NSIC Rc 138 are preferred by the farmers because it will
also generate more income.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
25
Table 10. Yield per plot and per hectare of seven rice varieties
VARIETY
YIELD PER PLOT
YIELD PER HECTARE
(kg/16m2)
(ton/ha)
PSB Rc 14
2.94
1.84
PSB Rc 18
2.92
1.83
PSB Rc 82
2.60
1.63
NSIC Rc 130
3.14
1.96
NSIC Rc 138
3.31
2.06
IR 64
2.96
1.85
PSB Rc 28 (check) 2.56
1.60
C.V. (%)
22.23
22.23
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Cost and Return Analysis
The return on cash expenses (ROCE) of rice varieties is shown in Table 11. NSIC
Rc 138 had the highest (69.53 %) ROCE while PSB Rc 28 (check variety) had the lowest
ROCE (30.09%). All the varieties had a positive ROCE. These results indicate that the
variety is used could be profitably grown in locations like Bugayong, Binalonan
Pangasinan. It appears though that NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 are the best since both
had a ROCE which was more than double that of the check variety.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
26
Table 11. Cost and return analysis of rice production ROCE using seven varieties (16m2)
VARIETIES GRAIN YIELD GROSS COST OF
NET
ROCE
PER PLOT INCOME PRODUCTION INCOME
(kg/16m2) (Php) (Php) (Php)
PSB Rc 14
2.95
73.75
48.81
24.94
51.09
PSB Rc 18
2.92
73.00
48.81
24.19
49.56
PSB Rc 82
2.60
65.00
48.81
16.19
33.17
NSIC Rc 130
3.14
78.50
48.81
29.69
60.83
NSIC Rc 138
3.31
82.75
48.81
33.94
69.53
IR 64
2.96
74.00
48.81
25.19
51.61
PSB Rc 28 (check)
2.54
63.50 48.81
14.69
30.09
Note: The selling price of rice grains is based on P 25.00/kilo.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
27
Figure 2. Overview of PSB Rc 14 and PSB Rc 18.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
28
Figure 3. Overview of PSB Rc 82 and NSIC Rc 130.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
29
Figure 4. Overview of NSIC Rc 138 and IR 64.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
30
Figure 5. Overview of PSB Rc 28 (check variety).
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Seven varieties of rice were planted and evaluated in Bugayong, Binalonan
Pangasinan from October 2007 to February 2008. The different varieties were: PSB Rc
14, PSB Rc 18, PSB Rc 82, NSIC Rc 130, NSIC Rc 138, IR 64 and PSB Rc 28 (check
variety).
The study was conducted to test the performance of high yielding rice varieties in
terms of its growth, grain yield and resistance to pests and diseases which among the
varieties are best adapted in Bugayong, Binalonan Pangasinan.
Highly significant differences were observed among the varieties. NSIC Rc 138
produced tillers in 22 days, recorded the greatest number of productive tillers and gained
the highest number of grains per panicle.
PSB Rc 82 was the earliest to mature, the earliest to reach booting period, the
earliest to form heads and also the earliest to ripen at about 85 days after transplanting.
PSB Rc 28 (check variety) was the latest to reach the booting and heading.
Significant differences in height were observed among the varieties. PSB Rc 18
was the tallest followed by NSIC Rc 130, PSB Rc 82 and PSB Rc 14 are the shortest.
PSB Rc 18 had the longest length of panicle followed by NSIC Rc 138, while IR 64 was
the shortest length of panicle.
NSIC Rc 138 obtained the highest grain yield for both per plot and per hectare
(3.31 kg to 2.06 ton). While NSIC Rc 130 was the second (3.14 kg to 1.96 ton).
On the dead hearts evaluation, all varieties were resistant except IR 64 which was
rated moderately resistant and on white heads evaluation, PSB Rc 14, PSB Rc 28 and IR
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
32
64 was rated moderately resistant. On blast evaluation, all varieties were resistant except
IR 64 which was rated intermediate.
Conclusion
Result showed that initially, all the varieties performed well which indicate that
they were adapted in the locality. Although PSB Rc 82 had greater number of productive
tillers and earlier maturity it had relatively lower yield and return on cash expenses
compared to the other test varieties. NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 showed good
potential as they outyielded the check variety and were found resistant to insect pests and
diseases. Both varieties exhibited the highest return on cash expenses (ROCE) with
69.5% and 60.83% respectively.
Recommendation
Based on the results of the study, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 130 are
recommended due to their relatively higher yield and return on cash expenses. They were
also found to be resistant to stemborer and rice blast.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
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del Norte, Nueva Viscaya. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 16
BELINO, M. S. 1999. Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice under Poblacion,
Kibungan Benguet Condition. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 4.
ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA. 1980. The rice plant. New York, Grolier Incorporated
23: 499.
HOLANO, E. A. 2001. Evaluation of high yielding varieties of rice under Cadtay,
Kapangam Benguet condition. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 4.
IRRI. 1986. Annual Report. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 234-235.
KUSH, G. S. 1990. Strategies for rice varietal improvement for the 21st century. Crop
science of the Philippines. Pp. 26-30.
KUSH, G.S. and T. M. MASAJO. 1983. Rice production manual. Rice varietal
development. University of the Philippines, Los, Banos. Pp. 43-45, 59.
MARTIN, J.H. and W.H. LEONARD. 1970. Principles of field crop production. 2nd ed.
New York. McMillan Company. P. 498.
PCARRD. 1993. The Philippine recommends for grain legumes post production. Los
Banos, Laguna. Pp. 6-8.
PCARRD. 1981. Cagayan Technoguide for rice. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 88.
PHILRICE. 2001 Newsletter. October 2001. Munoz, Nueva Ecija
PHILRICE. 1995. PhilRice Newsletter. Philippine Rice Research Institute. Munos,
Nueva Ecija. P. 30.
PHILRICE. 1993. Rice production technoguide. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
Pp. 19-120.
PHILRICE. 2004. Rice Production Technoguide. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
TEAZON, J. 1994. World Book. From Information Founder. Inc. 525 W. Monroes
Chicago, IL 60661. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
34
UPLB. 1983. Rice production manual for NFAC- UPLB Countryside Action Program.
UPLB, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 7-8, 67, 146-148.
VERGARA, B.S. 1992. A farmer’s primer on growing rice. International Rice Research
Institute. Los Banos, Laguna. P. 164. Philippines. Pp. 3-4.
YOSHIDA, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research
Institute. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 1, 73.
WORTHEN, E. L. 1984. Farm soils their management and fertilization. John Willey and
Sons, Inc. London. Pp. 1-2.
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE 1. Height of seedling before transplanting (cm)
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
23.81 25.29
25.76
74.86
24.95
PSB Rc 18
25.33 26.63
25.04
77.0 25.66
PSB Rc 82
26.87 26.36 25.49
78.72
26.24
NSIC Rc 130
23.38 28.31
25.74
77.43
25.81
NSIC Rc 138
26.23 27.04 27.79
81.06
27.02
IR 64
29.26 27.44 27.09
83.79
27.93
PSB Rc 28 (check)
20.69 25.58 27.34
73.61
24.54
TOTAL
175.57 186.65
184.25 546.47
26.021
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
24.6104
4.1017
1.42ns 3.00 4.82
Block
2
9.7080
4.8540
Error 12
34.6070
2.8839
TOTAL
20
68.9254
CV = 6.53 %, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.9805
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
35
APENDIX TABLE 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
23 23
23
69
23
PSB Rc 18
26 26
26
78
26
PSB Rc 82
23 23
23
69
23
NSIC Rc 130
23 23
23
69
23
NSIC Rc 138
22 22
22
66
22
IR 64
25 25
25
75
25
PSB Rc 28 (check)
25 25
25
75
25
TOTAL
167 167
167 501
23.86
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
_____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
0.05% 0.01%
Treatment
6
38.5714 6.4286 α** 3.00 4.82
Block
2
0
Error
12
0
TOTAL
20
38.5714
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
36
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage
REPLICATION
_______________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
12.6 13.2
13.0
38.8
12.93
PSB Rc 18
13.0 12.9
12.1
38.0
12.67
PSB Rc 82
12.9 13.2
14.2
40.3
13.43
NSIC Rc 130
13.4 15.4
16.8
46.0
15.2
NSIC Rc 138
16.4 15.9
15.5
47.8
15.93
IR 64
15.0 14.9
17.2
47.1
15.7
PSB Rc 28 (check)
14.5 15.3
17.2
47.0
15.67
TOTAL
97.8 100.8
106
305
14.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
36.8962 6.1494 7.27**
3.00 4.82
Block
2
4.9181 2.4590
Error 12
10.1552 1.0389
TOTAL
20
51.9695
CV = 6.34%, ** – highly significant
Standard Error = 0.5311
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
37
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Number of productive tillers per hill
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
8.1 10.3
9.6
28.0
9.3
PSB Rc 18
6.8 6.0
8.3
21.1
7.0
PSB Rc 82
6.9 7.1
7.8
21.8
7.27
NSIC Rc 130
7.0 8.8
10.8
26.6
8.87
NSIC Rc 138
8.7 6.7
9.7
25.1
8.37
IR 64
8.0
8.0
8.5
24.5
8.17
PSB Rc 28 (check)
6.8
9.1
8.0
23.9
7.97
TOTAL
52.3 56.0
62.7 171.0
8.136
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
12.0648 2.0108 1.94ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2
7.9400 3.9700
Error 12
12.4667 1.0389
TOTAL
20
32.4714
CV = 12.52 %, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.5885
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
38
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Number of days from transplanting to booting
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
55 55
55
165
55
PSB Rc 18
55 55
55
165
55
PSB Rc 82
51 51
51
153
51
NSIC Rc 130
53 53
53
159
53
NSIC Rc 138
53 53
53
159
53
IR 64
55 55
55
165
55
PSB Rc 28 (check)
55 55 55
165
55
TOTAL
377 377
377 1131
53.86
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 44.5714 7.4286 α**
3.00 4.82
Block
2 0
0
Error
12
0
0
TOTAL
20 44.5714
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
39
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Number of days from booting to heading
REPLICATION
_______________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
16 16
16
48
16
PSB Rc 18
18 18
18
54
18
PSB Rc 82
13 13 13
39
13
NSIC Rc 130
18 18 18
54
18
NSIC Rc 138
14 14 14
42
14
IR 64
16 16 16
48
16
PSB Rc 28 (check)
20 20 20
60
20
TOTAL
115 115
115 345
16.43
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 107.1429 17.8572 α**
3.00 4.82
Block
2
0
0
Error
12
0 0
TOTAL
20
107.1429
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
40
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Number of days from transplanting to heading
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
75 75
75
225
75
PSB Rc 18
80 80
80
240
80
PSB Rc 82
74 74
74
222
74
NSIC Rc 130
76 76
76
228
76
NSIC Rc 138
75 75
75
225
75
IR 64
75 75
75
225
75
PSB Rc 28 (check)
82 82
82
246
82
TOTAL
537 537
537 1611
76.71
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
166.2857
27.7143
α** 3.00 4.82
Block 2
0
0
Error 12
0
0
TOTAL
20
166.2857
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
41
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of days from heading to ripening
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
15 15 15
45
15
PSB Rc 18
12 12 12
36
12
PSB Rc 82
11 11
11
33
11
NSIC Rc 130
16 16
16
48
16
NSIC Rc 138
15 15
15
45
15
IR 64
17 17
17
51
17
PSB Rc 28 (check)
12 12
12
36
12
TOTAL
98 98
98 339
14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6
96.00 16.00 α**
3.00 4.82
Block 2
0
0
Error
12
0
0
TOTAL
20
96.00
CV = 0%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 0
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
42
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Final height at harvest (cm)
REPLICATION
_________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
57.5 56.2
57.4
171.1
57.03
PSB Rc 18
71.2 64.3
71.5
207.0
69.0
PSB Rc 82
69.0 62.0
55.7
186.7
62.23
NSIC Rc 130
62.0 63.0
64.2
189.2
63.1
NSIC Rc 138
62.0 60.1
59.5
181.6
60.53
IR 64
56.2 57.0
61.0
174.2
58.1
PSB Rc 28 (check)
59.0 58.3
59.4
176.7
58.9
TOTAL
436.9 420.9
428.7 1286.5
61.27
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6
294.8362 49.1394 4.75*
3.00 4.82
Block 2
18.2895 9.1448
Error
12 124.1438 10.3453
TOTAL
20
437.2695
CV = 5.25%, * - significant
Standard Error = 1.8570
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
43
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Length of panicle at harvest (cm)
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
45.29 38.98
42.67
126.94
42.31
PSB Rc 18
51.18 48.12
49.7
149.0
49.67
PSB Rc 82
40.81 43.47
44.91
129.19
43.1
NSIC Rc 130
41.78 44.16
42.37
128.31
42.77
NSIC Rc 138
46.56 44.55
48.11
139.22
46.41
IR 64
44.73 39.85
40.69
125.27
41.76
PSB Rc 28 (check)
42.0 43.62
41.81
127.48
42.49
TOTAL
312.35 302.75
310.26
925.41
44.1
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 151.3859 25.2310 5.91** 3.00 4.82
Block 2 7.2823 3.6411
Error 12 51.1901 4.2658
TOTAL
20 209.8583
CV = 4.69, * - significant
Standard Error = 1.1925
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
44
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Number of grains per panicle
REPLICATION
_______________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
95.9 93.2
84.9
273.9
91.3
PSB Rc 18
87.7 94.7
86.1
268.5
89.5
PSB Rc 82
94.3 88.9
86.4
269.6
89.87
NSIC Rc 130
102.1 95.9
90.6
288.6
96.2
NSIC Rc 138
90.6 100.5
100.4
291.5
97.2
IR 64
81.4 67.8
79.4
228.6
76.2
PSB Rc 28 (check)
92.7 94.7
89.0
276.4
92.13
TOTAL
644.7 635.8
616.8 1897.1
90.343
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 858.0448 143.0075 5.08** 3.00 4.82
Block 2 57.9343 28.9671
Error 12 337.7524 28.1460
TOTAL
20 1253.7314
CV = 5.87%, ** - highly significant
Standard Error = 3.0630
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
45
APPENDIX TABLE 12a. Pest evaluation. Stemborer (Dead hearts)
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
1
2
1
4
1.33
PSB Rc 18
1
1
2
4
1.33
PSB Rc 82
1
3
1
5
1.66
NSIC Rc 130
2
1
1
4
1.33
NSIC Rc 138
1
1
1
3
1.0
IR 64
5
2
1
8
2.66
PSB Rc 28 (check)
1
2
2
5
1.66
TOTAL
12
12
9 33
1.57
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Block 6 5.1429 0.8571 0.78ns 3.00 4.82
Treatment 2 0.8571 0.4286
Error 12 13.1429 1.0952
TOTAL
20 19.1429
CV = 66.60%, ns = not significant
Standard Error = 0.6042
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
46
APPENDIX TABLE 12b Stemborer. (White heads)
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
2
3
3
8
2.66
PSB Rc 18
2
1
1
4
1.33
PSB Rc 82
2
2
1
5
1.66
NSIC Rc 130
1
2 1
4
1.33
NSIC Rc 138
1
1
2
4
1.33
IR 64
1
2 3
6
2.0
PSB Rc 28 (check)
2
2 2
6
2.0
TOTAL
11 13 13 37
1.76
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment
6 4.4762 0.7460 1.81ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.3810 0.1905
Error 12 4.9524 0.4127
TOTAL
20
9.8095
CV = 36.46%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.3709
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
47
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Disease evaluation. Blast (Neckrot)
REPLICATION
________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
2
1
1
4
1.33
PSB Rc 18
1
1
2
4
1.33
PSB Rc 82
1
2 1
4
1.33
NSIC Rc 130
1
1 1
3
1.0
NSIC Rc 138 1
1 1
3
1.0
IR 64 3
1 2
6
2.0
PSB Rc 28 (check) 2
2 1
5
1.66
TOTAL
11
9 9 29
1.38
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 2.2857 0.3810 1.07ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.3810 0.1905
Error 12 4.2857 0.3571
TOTAL
20 6.9524
CV = 43.28%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.3450
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
48
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Total plant weight (kg)
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
0.84 1.05
0.98
2.87
0.96
PSB Rc 18
0.85 1.03
1.09
2.97
0.99
PSB Rc 82
1.01 1.01
0.95
2.97
0.99
NSIC Rc 130
1.03 1.03
1.14
3.2
1.10
NSIC Rc 138
1.23 1.12
1.12
3.47
1.17
IR 64
1.11 0.85
0.93
2.89
0.96
PSB Rc 28 (check)
0.92 0.84 1.10 2.86
0.95
TOTAL
6.99 6.93
7.31 21.23
1.02
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 0.1012 0.0169 1.54ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.0119 0.0060
Error 12 0.1316 0.0110
TOTAL
20 0.2448
CV = 10.36%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.0605
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
49
APPENDIX TABLE 15. Harvest Index
REPLICATION
__________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
0.51 0.34
0.49
1.34
0.45
PSB Rc 18
0.60 0.41
0.30
1.31
0.44
PSB Rc 82
0.39 0.60
0.32
1.31
0.44
NSIC Rc 130
0.45 0.51
0.44
1.40
0.47
NSIC Rc 138
0.41 0.49
0.42
1.32
0.44
IR 64
0.490. 0.48
0.41
1.38
0.46
PSB Rc 28 (check)
0.40 0.51
0.49
1.40
0.47
TOTAL
3.25 3.34
2.87
9.16 0.453
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 0.0034 0.0006 0.06ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.0178 0.0089
Error 12 0.1054 0.0088
TOTAL
20 0.1265
CV = 20.80%, ns = not significant
Standard Error = 0.0541
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
50
APPENDIX TABLE 16. Yield per plot (kg)
REPLICATION
_________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
3.14 2.6
3.1
8.84
2.95
PSB Rc 18
3.7 2.9
2.17
8.77
2.92
PSB Rc 82
2.10 3.7
2.0
7.8
2.6
NSIC Rc 130
3.14 3.15
3.12
9.41
3.14
NSIC Rc 138
3.3 3.5
3.12
9.92
3.31
IR 64
3.8 2.6
2.5
8.9
2.96
PSB Rc 28 (check)
2.17 2.13
3.4
7.7
2.56
TOTAL
21.35 20.58
16.29 61.34
2.92
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 1.2798 0.2133 0.51ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.2726 0.1363
Error 12 5.0616 0.4218
TOTAL
20 6.6140
CV = 22.23%, ns - not significant
Standard Error = 0.3750
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
51
APPENDIX TABLE 17. Yield per hectare (ton)
REPLICATION
_________________________
VARIETIES
I
II
III TOTAL MEAN
PSB Rc 14
1.96 1.63
1.94
5.53 1.84
PSB Rc 18
2.31 1.81 1.36 5.48 1.83
PSB Rc 82
1.31 2.31
1.25 4.88 1.63
NSIC Rc 130
1.96 1.97
1.95
5.88 1.96
NSIC Rc 138
2.06 2.19 1.95 6.20 2.06
IR 64
2.38 1.63 1.56
5.56 1.85
PSB Rc 28 (check)
1.36 1.33
2.13
4.81 1.60
TOTAL
13.34 12.86 12.13 38.34 18.25
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM MEAN OBSERVED TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF OF
F
____________
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Treatment 6 0.3705 0.0618 0.38ns 3.00 4.82
Block 2 0.0272 0.0136
Error 12 1.9650
0.1637
TOTAL
20 2.9650
CV = 21.83%, ns – not significant
Standard Error = 0.2336
Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of Rice Under
Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition / Ronillo R. Urbano. 2008
Document Outline
- Evaluation of High Yielding Varieties of
Rice Under Bugayong, Binalonan Pnagasinan Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES