BIBLIOGRAPHY GATAWA, FREDA...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GATAWA, FREDA D.APRIL 2008. Evaluation of different potato entries using
stems cuttings Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition .Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Guerzon A. Payangdo.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to evaluate potato entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings and to identify the highest yielding entries that are adapted at Sagpat, Kibungan,
Benguet Condition.
The ten potato entries evaluated significantly differed in plant survival, plant
height and weight of marketable tubers. Entry 13.1.1 produced the tallest plants as
compared to the other entries. Ganza had the highest weight of marketable tubers
followed by Solibao, 96-06, 2.21.6.2, and 13.1.1. Ganza gained the highest profit while
the Granola had the least profit.
Ganza, Solibao, 96-06, 21.6.2, and 13.1.1 grown from rooted cuttings are
favorable in Sagpat, Kibungan Conditions. However, to attain optimum yield, favorable
conditions for potato production should exist.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…..……………………………………………………………………. i
Abstract………… ………………………………………………………………….
i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………............................
ii
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………...
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………………….
3
Varietal Evaluation of Potato Varieties …………………………………….
3
Use of Stem Cuttings in Potato Production …………………………………
4
MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………………………………
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………………………………….
11
Percent Survival ……………………………………………………………...
11
Plant Vigor …………………………………………………………………..
12
Late Blight Incidence ………………………………………………………..
13
Initial and Final Plant Height ………………………………………………..
14
Number and Weight of Marketable Tubers from
the Ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings …………………………
14
Number and Weight of Non-marketable Tubers from
the Ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings …………………………
15
Total Yield and Computed Yield of ten potato entries
Grown from Rooted Stem cuttings………………………………………………… 18
Return on cash Expense…………………………………………………………… 20
Dry Matter Content……………………………………………………………….. 20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………….. 23
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………. 24
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….................... 25
ii
INTRODUCTION
Potato
(Solanum tuberusum) plays an important role in our economy. It also
provides food. It is in fact a crop of high potential and is widely grown in the Cordilleras
particularly in the Benguet and Mountain Province since it is one of the profitable crops
to grow. It remains to be a high value crop because of its local and export potential and
growing market demands (Technoguide 2005). Potato is basically utilized as food. It
contains high nutrition values, good sources of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals,
vitamins and calcium. It is grown in our locality due to its favorable climatic condition
and soil type which are the primary factors favoring the growth and development of the
crop leading to good production yield (Smith, 1977).
At present, the demand of potatoes continues to increase. Rapid urbanization and
the emerging importance of potato processing will generate additional demands. This is
to maintain and raise the number of fast food chains and the snacks industry that requires
high supply of potato. Thus, selection of adaptable potato cultivars and healthy planting
materials become critical (FRLD, 1985).
In some cases, losses are incurred because of seed borne-diseases affecting potato.
Selection of appropriate cultivars, high yielding variety and adaptable to the locality
should be done. Proper selection of planting materials is still the most important in
successful potato production, for increasing productivity and sustainability. Seed tubers
are also costly on the part of the farmers and prone to seed borne diseases and this can
reduce the yield (Gayao et al., 1985).
To be able to cope with the problem on planting materials, alternative planting
materials should be used. The most economic planting materials is the rooted stem
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
2
cutting. The importance of stem cutting is the increase of new cultivars and may prevent
the occurrence of tuber borne diseases. (Escobar and Vander Zaag, 1985).
According
to
Gayao et al., (1987), rooted stem cutting can reduce the production
cost for as low as 60%. Stem cutting is a rapid multiplication technique (RMT) for
production of potato planting materials.. The primary step is to keep the highland farmers
to increase potato production through the use of stem cuttings thereby increasing their
production income.
The study was conducted to evaluate the different potato entries grown from
rooted stem cuttings and to identify the highest yielding entries that is adapted to Sagpat,
Kibungan, Benguet Condition.
The study was conducted at Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet from October 2007 to
January 2008.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation of Potato Varieties
Varietal Evaluation is important in order to observe performance characteristics
such as yield, early growth, vigor, maturity and keeping quality. Different varieties have
a wide range of differences like plant size and yield performance. However, the varieties
to be selected should be high yielding, insect and disease resistant and early maturing
(HARRDEC, 1995).
Rasco and Amante (1994) reported that varietal evaluation is ultimately measured
in terms of the variety that passed the evaluation process by the end users. Varietal trial
can be done by assessing available plants traits that are perceived to be related to the
evaluation objectives.
Evaluation is a continuing activity in the Philippines highland to select a variety
that is both high yielding and resistant. Evaluation and screening of wide range of
germplasm continue in the highlands to identify and select cultivars that are adapted, high
yielding, and resistant. Thus, farmers in highland still need cultivars resistant to disease,
adapted, and are high yielding (Baldo et al, 1990).
Bautista and Mabessa (1986), stated that selecting right variety will minimize
problems associated with water and fertilizer management. Growing the wrong variety
may mean crop failure because of disease infestation. Variety to be selected should be
with high yielding ability, regional and adaptability resistance to diseases and pests and
quality.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
4
Use of Stem Cuttings in Potato Production
Clean seed is the most important factor in obtaining high yield in potato
production. Demonteverde (1991) stated that the alternative planting materials to tuber
seed is the stem cuttings. Stem cuttings can be rapidly multiplied and this technique could
be adapted by small farmers in both cool and warm climate. Apical cuttings are
promising tool for germplasm evaluation. Potato is traditionally grown from tuber seed.
Tuber seed can account for 50% cost of production. The alternative is to grow potato
from cuttings. Cuttings can be rapidly multiplied, and can be used for seed production or
directly for potato production.
Escobar and Vander Zaag (1985) found that stem cuttings was a source of clean
planting materials. These materials are disease free. The cost of planting materials is also
reduced however, labor requirements are increased.
In potato production using stem cuttings, high mortality rate is one of the main
problems of the farmers that makes them lazy to use as their alternative planting
materials. However, using rooted cutting is reported to be cheaper than seed tubers
(Gayao et al., (1987).
Dalang et al., (1990) further stated that stem cuttings as a Rapid Multiplication
Technique (RMT) for potato, yields more planting materials than the traditional method
which is the use of seed tubers. Rooted stem cuttings are ready for transplanting after 9 to
15 days from cuttings as compared to seed tubers that take 4 to 8 months dormancy.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
5
Rooted stem cuttings are free from diseases because it can be obtained from pest
and disease free mother plants of planting tubers, and also serve as low cost planting
materials.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An area of 150 m2 was properly prepared before planting. The area was divided
into 3 blocks. Each block composed ten plots measuring 1m x 5m and each plot was
planted with one potato entry using stem cuttings.
Ten potato entries of rooted stem cuttings were acquired from the Northern
Philippine Root Crops and Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC). The different
treatments were equally applied with a handful of chicken manure per hill together with
½ of the recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer 140-140-140 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha was
applied as basal five days prior to planting. The remaining ½ of the recommended
inorganic fertilizer was applied as sidedress during hilling-up 30 days after transplanting.
The potato stem cuttings were planted at the distance of 25cm × 30cm in between hills
and rows. The experiment was laid out following the Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD).
The treatments were as follows:
Treatment Entry
Source/agency
T1 13.1.1 CIP
T2
96.06 CIP
T3
573275 CIP
T4
676070 CIP
T5
2.21.6.2 Philippines
T6
MLUSA-3 Mainland
USA
T7
Ganza CIP
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
7
T8
Solibao CIP
T9
Granola(Check) Germany
T10
Igorota(Check) Philippines
Cultural management such as hilling-up, irrigation, weeding and spraying of
insecticides and fungicides were done as preventive measure against pest and diseases of
plants.
All treatments were harvested at the same time at maturity at 90 days from
planting.
The data gathered were:
1. Percentage Survival (%). The plants that survived 30 DAT were taken using
the formula:
% Survival = Number of plants survived
x 100
Total number of plants planted
2. Plant Vigor. This was taken one month DAT using the following rating scale
1-5 by (Palomar and Sanico, 1994).
Rating Description
1 Very
poor
3 Moderately
vigorous
5 Highly
vigorous
3. Initial plant height (cm). Initial plant height was measured 30 DAT from the
base to the tip of the longest shoots of ten random sample plants.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
8
4. Final plant height (cm). Final height of the plant was measured at maturity
from the base to the tip of the longest shoot of ten sample plants that was taken at
random.
5. Late blight incidence. This was observed and recorded 30,45, and 60 DAT,
using the CIP Scale (Henfling, 1987).
CIP
Blight (%)
scale
value
Mean limits
Symptoms
1
0
No late blight observable
2
2.5
Traces -< 5
Late blight present. Maximum 10 lesions per
plant
3
10
5 -< 15
Plants look healthy, but lesions are easily seen at
closer distance. Maximum foliage area affected
by lesions or destroyed corresponds to no more
than 20 leaflets.
4
25
15 -< 35
Late blight easily seen on most plants. About
25% of foliages is covered with lesions or
destroyed.
5
50
35 -< 65
Plot looks green however, all plants are affected.
Lower leaves are dead. About half the foliage
area is destroyed.
6
75
65 -< 85
Plots look green with brown flecks. About 75%
of each plant is affected. Leaves of the lower
half of plants are destroyed.
7
90
85 -< 95
Plot neither predominantly green nor brown.
Only top leaves are green. Many stems have
large lesions.
8
97.5
95 -< 100
Plot is brown-colored. A few top leaves still
have some green areas. Most stems have lesions
or are dead.
9
100
All leaves and stems are dead.
The description of symptoms is based on plants with 4 stems and 10 to 12 leaves per
stem.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
9
6. Number and weight of marketable tubers/plot (kg). All tubers that are
marketable size, not malformed, free from cuts, cracks and with out more than 10%
greening of the total surface are counted and weighed at harvest.
7. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers/plot (kg). These were the tubers
that were malformed, damaged by pest and disease, and those with more than 10%
greening.
8. Total yield per plot (kg). The sum of the weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers were counted and weighed.
9. Computed yield (tons/ha). This was computed in hectare basis using the
formula:
Yield (tons/ha) = Total yield/plot x 10, 000
Plot size (m2)
10. Return of Cash on Expense (ROCE). This was computed by dividing the net
profit over the total cost of production multiplied by 100.
ROCE = Net profit x 100
Total cost of production
11. Dry matter content (DMC). Tubers were weighed into fifty grams per sample.
Sliced into cubes, and oven dried at 80 oC for 48 hours. This was recorded and computed
using the following formula:
% Moisture Content (MC) = Fresh weight – Over dry weight x 100
Fresh Weight
% Dry matter content (DMC) = 100% - %MC
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
10
Analysis of data
All quantitative data was analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication. Significance of
difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range
Test (DMRT).
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Percent Survival
Table 1 shows the percentage survival of the ten potato entries grown from rooted
stem cuttings. Ganza, Solibao, 676070, 13.1.1, 2.21.6.2 and 96-06, obtained the highest
percentage of survival followed by Igorota and 573275. While Granola and MLUSA-3
obtained the lowest survival.
Table 1. Percentage survival of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings.
ENTRY SURVIVAL
(%)
13.1.1 98a
96-06 98a
573275 89b
676070 100a
2.21.6.2 98a
MLUSA-3 80c
Ganza 100a
Solibao 100a
Granola (check)
76c
Igorota (check)
88b
CV (%)
4.41
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
12
Plant vigor
Table 2 shows the plant vigor of the different entries evaluated at 30 and 45 days
after planting.
At 30 and 45 days after planting, all the entries were rated vigorous except
MLUSA-3 which was rated less vigorous at 45 DAP and this could be due to the genetic
Characteristics of this entry aside from the change of temperature and photo-period.
Table 2. Plant vigor of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings at 30 and 45
DAT.
PLANT VIGOR
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30 45
13.1.1 3
3
96-06 3
3
573275 3
3
2.21.6.2 3
3
676070 3
3
MLUSA-3 3
2
Ganza 3
3
Solibao 3
3
Granola (check)
3
3
Igorota (check)
3
3
Rating Scale: 1 – very poor; 2 – less vigorous; 3 – vigorous; 4 – moderately vigorous;
5 – highly vigorous
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
13
Late Blight Incidence
As indicated in the ratings, entries 13.1.1, 96-06, 573275, 2.21.6.2, Ganza and
Igorota were all highly resistant to late blight 45 days after planting and the rest were
rated resistant (Table 3). Then at 60 days after planting, entries 96-06, 2.21.6.2, MLUSA-
3 and Ganza were still highly resistant to late blight and the rest were resistant. This
highly resistant from 45 and 60 days after planting was attributed to the minimal use of
fungicide and also to the genetic make up of the crops.
Table 3. Late blight incidence of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings at
45 and 60 DAT.
LATE BLIGHT RATING
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
45 60
13.1.1
1
2
96-06
1
1
573275
1
2
676070
2
2
2.21.6.2
1
1
MLUSA-3
2
1
Ganza
1
1
Solibao
2
2
Granola (check)
2
2
Igorota (check)
1
2
Rating Scale: 1 –highly resistant; 2 – 3 – resistant; 4 – 5 – moderately resistant
6 – 7 - moderately susceptible; 8 – 9 – susceptible
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
14
Initial and final plant height
Results showed that the plant height of the different entries significantly varies
(Table 4). Entry 13.1.1 significantly had the tallest plants for the recorded initial and
final height followed by Solibao for the initial and final height measured. The shortest
plants were from Ganza and Granola for the initial and final height, respectively. The
significant differences on the plant initial and final height of the different entries could be
due to their genetic characteristics and also the photoperiods.
Table 4.Initial and final height (cm) of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings.
ENTRY INITIAL
HEIGHT
FINAL HEIGHT
(cm)
(cm)
13.1.1
15.51a
30.17a
96-06
12.30bcd
22.36d
573275
10.19e
20.90e
676070
12.35c
20.65e
2.21.6.2
10.17e
23.02cd
MLUSA-3
13.09bc
23.65c
Ganza
5.38f
16.60g
Solibao
13.21b
28.45b
Granola (check)
11.68d
19.06f
Igorota (check)
11.22dc
20.92e
CV (%)
7.07
1.86
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
15
Number and weight of Marketable Tubers
From the ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings
On the tuber number, significant differences were noted among the entries
evaluated (Table 5).Entries 13.1.1 and 2.21.6.2 had the most numbers of marketable
tubers followed by Ganza and the least was Granola. For the weight, Ganza had the
heaviest followed by entries 96-06, Solibao, 2.21.6.2, 13.1.1, Igorota and 676070.The
least for the marketable weight was realized from Granola with the weight of 0.26
kilo/5m2. This yield weight differences was considered as the effect of the tuber size
differences.
Table 5. Number and weight (kg) of marketable tubers from ten potato entries grown
from rooted stem cuttings.
MARKETABLE TUBERS
ENTRY
(kg/ 5m2)
NUMBER WEIGHT
13.1.1
139a
3.17b
96-06
110c
3.75ab
573275
49g
1.93c
676070
117bc
3.025b
2.21.6.2
129a
3.42b
MLUSA-3
94e
2.65bc
Ganza
120b
4.76a
Solibao
105d
3.78ab
Granola (check)
15j
0.26d
Igorota (check)
91f
3.13b
CV (%)
26.29
20.41
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
16
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number and Weight of Non-marketable tubers
From the ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings
Table 6 shows the number and weight of non-marketable tubers. Entries MLUSA-
3 and 13.1.1 consistently produced the highest number and weight of non-marketable
tubers out of ten potato entries evaluated. The lightest was noted from the check variety
(Granola).
Table6. Number and weight (kg) of non-marketable tubers from ten potato entries
Grown from rooted stem cuttings.
NON-MARKETABLE TUBERS
(kg/5m2)
ENTRY
NUMBER
WEIGHT
13.1.1
113a
0.8a
96-06
32b
0.35bc
573275
58b
0.425bc
676070
51b
0.45bc
2.21.6.2
102a
0.61ab
MLUSA-3
135a
0.9a
Ganza
55b
0.59ab
Solibao
61b
0.63b
Granola (check)
50b
0.22c
Igorota (check)
42b
0.45bc
CV (%)
21.58
23.02
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
17
Total yield and computed yield
Significant difference among the potato entries were observed on the total and
computed yield (Table 7). Ganza produced the heaviest total yield with 5.08 kg/5m2and
computed yield of 10.16 tons/ha. Nevertheless Solibao, 2.21.6.2, 96-06, and 13.1.1 were
significantly comparable with Ganza. Thereby, these entries being the highest yielder
were suited to the area.
The low yield produced by the other entries could be due to their non-suitability
or the unfavorable conditions during the conduct of the study.
Table 7. Total and computed yield of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings.
ENTRY TOTAL
YIELD
COMPUTEDYIELD
(kg/5m2)
(tons/ha)
13.1.1
3.97ab
7.93ab
96-06 4.1ab
8.20ab
573275 2.35c
4.70c
676070 3.44bc
6.87b
2.21.6.2 4.03ab
8.06ab
MLUSA-3 3.48bc
6.97b
Ganza 5.08a
10.16a
Solibao 4.92ab
8.83ab
Granola (check)
0.47d
0.93d
Igorota (check)
3.58b
7.17b
CV (%)
18.59
18.38
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
18
573275
13 1 1
96-06
2.21.6.2
Ganza
MLUSA-3
Igorota
Solibao
Figure 1. Yield of the nine potato entries.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
19
Return on Cash Expense
Cash expense of potato entries is shown in (Table 8). Ganza had the highest
ROCE with 56.24% followed by Solibao, entries 96-06, and 2.21.6.2 with their ROCE of
24.27, 23.18 and 12.23 respectively. These results indicate that the entries with the
highest yield also gained the highest profit.
Table 8. Return on cash expense of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings
COST OF
MARKETABLE GROSS
NET
ENTRY
PRODUC-
TUBERS
SALE
INCOME ROCE
TION (Php)
(kg/5m2)
(Php)
(Php)
13.1.1
274
9.5
85.00
11.00
4.01
96-06
274
11.25
337.50
63.50
23.18
573275
274
5.78
173.40
-100.6
-37.46
676070
274
9.18
275.40
1.40
0.51
2.21.6.2
274
10.25
307.50
33.50
12.23
MLUSA-3
274
7.95
238.50
-35.5
-12.96
Ganza
274
14.27
428.10
154.10
56.24
Solibao
274
11.35
540.50
66.50
24.27
Granola (check)
274
0.78
23.40
-250.6
-25.06
Igorota (check)
274
9.4
282.00
8.00
2.92
* Total cost of production includes cost of planting materials, insecticides, fertilizers and
labor.
* Selling price of potato tubers was based at Php30.00 per kilo for seed purposes.
Dry Matter Content
Highly significant differences among the entries were observed in terms of
percent dry matter content (Table 9). Entries 573275 and 13.1.1 had the highest dry
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
20
matter content of tubers with identical mean dry matter content of 22 % while entry
MLUSA-3 had the lowest dry matter content of 18%. The percent dry matter content
indicates the solid matter that comprises the tubers which is a very important composition
of potatoes. It is mainly determined genetically and is dependent on the variety (Hartman
et. al, 1974). The difference in the dry matter content of tubers of the different entries
maybe attributed to the genotypic characteristics of each potato entry.
Table 9. Dry matter content of ten potato entries.
ENTRY
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
13.1.1
21ab
96-06
21ab
573275
22a
676070
19bc
2.21.6.2
21ab
MLUSA-3
18c
Ganza
19bc
Solibao
21ab
Granola
20b
Igorota
20b
CV (%)
4.42
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted to evaluate the different potato entries grown from
rooted stem cuttings and identify the highest yielding entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet condition. This was conducted in October
2007 to January 2008.
Among the ten entries evaluated, Majority of the entries were higher than the
Granola and MLUSA-3 in terms of plant survival. In plant vigor, all the potato entries
were vigorous except for MLUSA-3 that was less vigorous at 45 DAP.
On height, entry 13.1.1 produced the tallest plant. Based on yield performance,
Ganza produced the heaviest marketable tubers followed by Solibao, 96-06, 2.21.6.2 and
13.1.1 while Granola produced the lowest yield.
For the total and the computed yield per hectare, Ganza significantly had the
highest, and also gained the highest ROCE. Based on percentage dry matter content,
entries 13.1.1 and 573275 significantly revealed the highest while MLUSA-3 had the
lowest.
Conclusion
Ganza produced the highest marketable yield and had the highest for total and
computed yield per hectare and also with ROCE. Low yield of the other entries could be
due to unfavorable condition and their non- adaptability to conditions in Sagpat,
Kibungan, Benguet.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
22
Recommendation
Findings indicated that varieties Ganza and Solibao had the highest computed
yield per hectare resulting to their respective high ROCE. Hence, these varieties are
recommended for potato growers of Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet.
The entries 96-06 and 2.21.6.2 are also recommended as alternative to plant
considering that they also gave an average computed yield per hectare and for being
resistant to late blight.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
LITERATURE CITED
BADOL, E. O., F.S. BALOG-AS, and Z.J. BAUCAS, 1990. Evaluation of white potato
clones for yield and resistance to late blight. Research results presented in a series
of working Papers. Northern Philippines root crops research and training center.
Benguet State University La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-2.
BAUTISTA, O. K. and R. C. MABESSA. 1986. Vegetable Production. University of the
Philippines at Los Baňos, College of Agriculture. P. 28.
CIP. 2001. Compiled data sheet (Loose sheet). International Potato Center (CIP).
DALANG, P. A., S. T. GAYAO and C. G. KISWA. 1990. Stem Cutting: A rapid
multiplication technique for potato. NPRCRTC, BSU Extension Bulletin I.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.15.
DEMONTEVERDE, V. E. CHUJOY, E. GERPACIO, M. R. GERPACIO, M. T. L.
OPEŇA, G. B. and D.K.SIMONGO. 1991. Potato Apical Cuttings: A promising
tool for evaluation breeding material. The potato and sweet potato in Southeast
Asia and the Pacific Regional Office Box 933, Manila, Philippines. Pp. 78 – 79.
DOUGLAS, H. 1987. Potatoes: Production, Marketing and Processing for developing
Countries. London: West View Press. Pp. 108 – 109.
ESCOBAR, U. and P. VANDER ZAAG. 1985. Rapid Multiplication of Potatoes in the
Warm Tropics: Rooting and Establishment of cuttings potato research 33.
Research results presented in a series of CIP Region VIII working paper S. P. Pp.
13-21.
FRLD. 1985. Agribusiness investment profile: Philippines: Quezon City Foundation for
Resource Linkage and Development Incorporation. P. 173.
GAYAO, B. T., A. BOTANGEN, P. DALANG, E. SANO, M. WALLACE and
MACARIO. 1987. Economics of Table Potato Production Using Rooted Stem
Cuttings. Research Results Presented in a Series of Working Papers Volume I.
NPRCRTC. Benguet State University. Pp. 58 – 59.
GAYAO, M., G. TIANZA, E. SANO, BALOG-AS and V. MAVARIO. 1985. Cost and
return evaluation of the white potato agribusiness production in La Trinidad,
Benguet. Research Results Presented In a Series of Working Papers. Northern
Philippines Root Crops and Training Center, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 185 –
194.
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Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
24
HARRDEC. 1995. Note Worthy Potato Clones for the Humid Tropics of Southeast Asia.
Los Baňos: Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), University of the Philippines, Los
Baňos, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 1 – 3.
HARTMAN, K. J. and A. VANES 1974. Onderzoek Naar Diepergelegen Corzaken Van
de Blaneuge. Vael Voel Voelighheld Van Aardappelen, I-IBVL-Oblicate 272
IBVL, Wagenginen. Pp. 130-133.
HENFLING, J. W. 1987. Late Blight.of potato. International Potato Center (CIP). Lima
Peru. Revised 1987. P. 21.
Northern Philippines Root Crops Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC). 1998.
Potato Production Guide. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 6 –
7.
PALOMAR, M. K. and R. L. TALATALA – SANICO. 1994. Standard Procedure and
Guidelines for National Cooperative Testing (NCT). National Seed Industry
Council. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. P. 29.
RASCO, E. T. and V. T. AMANTE. 1994. Sweet Potato Variety Evaluation Southeast
Asia Program for Potato Research and Development (SAPRRAD). Pp. 16 – 17.
SIMONGO, D. K. 2007. Growth, Yield and dry matter Partitioning of Potato Genotype
under Organic Production at La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 25.
SMITH. O. 1977. Potatoes: Production, Storing, Processing 2nd.Connecticut: AVI
Publishing Company Inc P. 77.
TECHNOGUIDE 2005. Seed Potato Production. Bureau of plant Industry. Baguio
National Crop Research and Development Center (BPI – BNCRDC) Guisad,
Baguio City Philippines. Pp. 5 – 16.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE. 1. Percent survival
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
100
100
95
295
98a
96-06
100
100
95
295
98a
573275
95
78
95
268
89b
676070
100
100
100
300
100a
2.21.6.2
95
100
100
295
98a
MLUSA-3
75
80
85
240
80c
Ganza
100
100
100
300
100a
Solibao
100
100
100
300
100a
Granola
78
75
75
288
76a
Igorota
85
88
90
263
88b
TOTAL
733
921
935
2784
93
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
98.00
4.900
Treatment
9
219.467
243.941
14.16
2.46
3.60
Error
18
18
301.533
16.752
Total
29
2506.800
** - highly significant CV% = 4.41
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
26
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Plant vigor at 30 DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
3
3
3
9
3
96_06
3
3
3
9
3
573275
3
3
3
9
3
676070
3
3
3
9
3
2.21.6.2
3
3
3
9
3
MLUSA-3
3
4
3
10
3
Ganza
3
3
3
9
3
Solibao
3
3
3
9
3
Granola
2
3
3
8
3
Igorota
3
3
3
9
3
TOTAL
29
31
30
90
3
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
27
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Plant vigor at 45DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
3
3
3
9
3
96-06
3
3
3
9
3
573275
3
3
3
9
3
676070
3
3
3
9
3
2.21.6.2
3
3
3
9
3
MLUSA-3
2
3
2
7
2
Ganza
3
3
3
9
3
Solibao
3
3
3
9
3
Granola
2
3
3
8
3
Igorota
3
3
3
9
3
TOTAL
28
30
29
87
3
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
28
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Late blight incidence at 45DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
1
2
1
4
1
96-06
1
1
1
3
1
573275
1
1
1
3
1
676070
2
2
1
5
2
2.21.6.2
1
2
1
4
1
MLUSA-3
2
1
2
5
2
Ganza
1
1
1
3
1
Solibao
1
2
2
5
2
Granola
2
2
2
6
2
Igorota
1
2
1
4
1
TOTAL
13
16
13
42
1
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
29
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Late blight incidence at 60DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
1
4
2
7
2
96-06
1
2
1
4
1
573275
2
2
2
6
2
676070
1
2
2
5
2
2.21.6.2
1
2
1
4
1
MLUSA-3
1
1
1
3
1
Ganza
2
1
1
4
1
Solibao
1
2
2
5
2
Granola
4
2
2
8
3
Igorota
2
1
2
5
2
TOTAL
16
19
17
51
2
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
30
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Initial plant height at 30 DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
16.18
15.08
15.26
46.52
15.51a
96-06
12.81
12.15
11.93
36.89
12.30bcd
573275
9.61
10.47
10.50
30.58
10.19e
676070
12.45
11.00
13.59
37.04
12.35c
2.21.6.2
8.75
10.61
11.16
30.52
10.17e
MLUSA-3
13.59
12.68
13.00
39.27
13.09bc
Ganza
5.37
5.62
5.15
16.14
5.38f
Solibao
14.28
12.32
13.03
39.03
13.21b
Granola
11.80
11.85
11.40
35.05
11.68d
Igorota
12.13
9.85
11.68
33.66
11.22dc
TOTAL
116.97
111.63
116.1
344.67
11.49
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
1.810
0.905
Treatment
9
191.670
21.297
32.16**
2.46
3.60
0.662
Error
18
11.921
Total
29
205.401
ns –highly significant
CV% =7.07
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
31
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Final plant height 60 DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
30.66
31.15
30.51
92.32
30.17a
96-06
21.95
22.70
22.43
67.08
22.36d
573275
17.12
16.46
16.23
49.81
20.90e
676070
20.50
21.46
20.00
61.95
20.65e
2.21.6.2
23.00
23.27
22.80
69.07
23.02cd
MLUSA-3
24.09
23.71
23.14
70.94
23.65c
Ganza
28.76
28.70
27.90
85.36
16.60g
Solibao
28.76
28.70
27.90
85.36
28.45b
Granola
18.99
19.32
18.88
57.19
19.06f
Igorota
21.75
20.34
20.67
62.76
20.92e
TOTAL
235.58
235.81
230.46
701.84
23.69
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
1.137 0.569
Replication
2
481.094 53.455
Treatment
9
301.91**
2.46
3.60
3.187 0.177
Error
18
485.410
Total
29
** _ highly significant
CV% = 1.86
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
32
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
132
156
128
416
139a
96-06
116
117
98
331
110c
573275
57
41
50
148
49g
676070
137
94
119
350
117bc
2.21.6.2
103
79
206
388
129a
MLUSA-3
148
59
75
282
94e
Ganza
117
93
149
359
120f
Solibao
101
92
122
315
105d
Granola
20
10
16
46
15j
Igorota
82
78
112
272
91f
TOTAL
1013
819
1075
2907
97
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
27343.400
15671.700
Treatment
9
58281.467
6475.719
0.88ns
2.46 3.60
Error
18
131871.933
7326.219
Total
29
217496.800
ns - not significant
CV% = 26.29
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
33
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Weight of marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
3.15
3.4
2.95
9.5
3.17b
96-06
3.8
3.6
3.85
11.25
3.75ab
573275
1.7
2.15
1.93
5.78
1.93c
676070
3.45
2.6
3.025
9.075
3.025b
2.21.6.2
2.5
2.45
5.3
10.25
3.42b
MLUSA-3
3.35
1.8
2.8
7.95
2.65bc
Ganza
4.52
4.15
5.6
14.27
4.76a
Solibao
3.65
3.15
4.55
11.35
3.78ab
Granola
0.2
0.18
0.4
0.78
0.26d
Igorota
2.9
2.8
3.7
9.4
3.13b
TOTAL
29.22
26.28
34.105
89.575
2.99
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
3.125
1.560
Treatment
9
39.787
4.421
11.90**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
6.689
0.372
Total
29
49.601
** - highly significant CV% = 20.41
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
34
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Number of non-marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
134
103
103
340
113a
96-06
24
53
18
95
32b
573275
70
46
58
174
58b
676070
36
66
51
153
51b
2.21.6.2
90
145
72
307
102a
MLUSA-3
125
109
171
405
135a
Ganza
45
48
72
165
55b
Solibao
51
47
84
182
61b
Granola
50
62
37
149
50b
Igorota
53
34
38
125
42b
TOTAL
678
713
704
2.095
70
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
66.067
33.033
Treatment
9
31952.167
3550.241
730**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
8753.933 486.330
Total
29
40772.167
** - highly significant CV% = 21.58
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
35
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Weight of non-marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
0.9
0.75
0.75
2.4
0.8a
96-06
0.45
0.45
0.15
1.05
0.35bc
573275
0.6
0.25
0.425
1.175
0.425bc
676070
0.4
0.5
0.45
1.35
0.45bc
2.21.6.2
0.49
0.85
0.5
1.84
0.61ab
MLUSA-3
0.8
0.9
1.0
2.7
0.9a
Ganza
0.32
0.75
0.7
1.77
0.59ab
Solibao
0.65
0.3
0.95
1.9
0.63ab
Granola
0.2
0.25
0.2
0.65
0.22c
Igorota
0.5
0.35
0.5
1.35
0.45bc
TOTAL
36.99
5.35
5.625
16.285
0.54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
0.006
0.003
Treatment
9
1.151
0.128
3.98**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
0.578
0.032
Total
29
1.736
** - highly significant CV% = 23.02
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
36
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Total yield (kg/5m2)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
4.05
4.15
3.7
11.9
3.97ab
96-06
4.25
4.05
4.0
12.3
4.1ab
573275
2.3
2.4
2.355
7.055
2.35c
676070
3.75
3.1
3.48
10.33
3.44bc
2.21.6.2
2.99
3.3
5.8
12.09
4.03ab
MLUSA-3
4.15
2.7
3.6
10.45
3.48bc
Ganza
4.84
4.1
6.3
15.24
5.08aa
Solibao
4.3
3.45
5.5
13.25
4.42ab
Granola
0.4
0.4
0.6
1.4
0.47d
Igorota
3.4
3.15
4.2
10.75
3.58b
TOTAL
34.43
30.8
39.585
104.765
34.92
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
3.851
1.926
Treatment
9
44.175
4.908
11.64**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
7.589
0.422
Total
29
55.615
** - highly significant CV% = 18.59
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
37
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Computed yield (ton/ha)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
8.10
8.30
7.40
23.8
7.93ab
96-06
8.50
8.10
8.00
24.6
8.2ab
573275
4.60
4.80
4.71
14.11
4.70c
676070
7.50
6.20
6.96
20.66
6.87bc
2.21.6.2
5.98
6.60
11.60
24.18
8.06ab
MLUSA-3
8.30
5.40
7.20
20.9
6.97bc
Ganza
9.68
8.20
12.60
30.48
10.16a
Solibao
8.60
7.20
11.00
26.5
8.83ab
Granola
0.80
0.80
1.20
2.8
0.93d
Igorota
6.80
6.30
8.40
21.5
7.17b
TOTAL
68.86
61.6
79.07
209.53
69.91
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
14.916
7.458
Treatment
9
177.836
19.760
11.96**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
29.745
1.653
Total
29
222.498
** - highly significant CV% = 18.38
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
38
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Dry Matter Content
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
21
22
21
64
21ab
96-06
20
21
21
62
21ab
573275
21
21
24
66
22a
676070
19
19
18
56
19bc
2.21.6.2
21
21
21
63
21ab
MLUSA-3
18
17
18
53
18c
Ganza
20
20
18
58
19bc
Solibao
21
21
20
62
21ab
Granola
20
21
20
61
20b
Igorota
19
21
19
59
20b
TOTAL
200
204
200
604
20
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
1.067
0.533
Treatment
9
46.133
5.126
5.13**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
14.267
0.793
Total
29
68.139
** - highly significant CV% = 4.42%
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
GATAWA, FREDA D.APRIL 2008. Evaluation of different potato entries using
stems cuttings Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition .Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Guerzon A. Payangdo.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to evaluate potato entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings and to identify the highest yielding entries that are adapted at Sagpat, Kibungan,
Benguet Condition.
The ten potato entries evaluated significantly differed in plant survival, plant
height and weight of marketable tubers. Entry 13.1.1 produced the tallest plants as
compared to the other entries. Ganza had the highest weight of marketable tubers
followed by Solibao, 96-06, 2.21.6.2, and 13.1.1. Ganza gained the highest profit while
the Granola had the least profit.
Ganza, Solibao, 96-06, 21.6.2, and 13.1.1 grown from rooted cuttings are
favorable in Sagpat, Kibungan Conditions. However, to attain optimum yield, favorable
conditions for potato production should exist.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…..……………………………………………………………………. i
Abstract………… ………………………………………………………………….
i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………............................
ii
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………...
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………………….
3
Varietal Evaluation of Potato Varieties …………………………………….
3
Use of Stem Cuttings in Potato Production …………………………………
4
MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………………………………
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………………………………….
11
Percent Survival ……………………………………………………………...
11
Plant Vigor …………………………………………………………………..
12
Late Blight Incidence ………………………………………………………..
13
Initial and Final Plant Height ………………………………………………..
14
Number and Weight of Marketable Tubers from
the Ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings …………………………
14
Number and Weight of Non-marketable Tubers from
the Ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings …………………………
15
Total Yield and Computed Yield of ten potato entries
Grown from Rooted Stem cuttings………………………………………………… 18
Return on cash Expense…………………………………………………………… 20
Dry Matter Content……………………………………………………………….. 20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………….. 23
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………. 24
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….................... 25
ii
INTRODUCTION
Potato
(Solanum tuberusum) plays an important role in our economy. It also
provides food. It is in fact a crop of high potential and is widely grown in the Cordilleras
particularly in the Benguet and Mountain Province since it is one of the profitable crops
to grow. It remains to be a high value crop because of its local and export potential and
growing market demands (Technoguide 2005). Potato is basically utilized as food. It
contains high nutrition values, good sources of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals,
vitamins and calcium. It is grown in our locality due to its favorable climatic condition
and soil type which are the primary factors favoring the growth and development of the
crop leading to good production yield (Smith, 1977).
At present, the demand of potatoes continues to increase. Rapid urbanization and
the emerging importance of potato processing will generate additional demands. This is
to maintain and raise the number of fast food chains and the snacks industry that requires
high supply of potato. Thus, selection of adaptable potato cultivars and healthy planting
materials become critical (FRLD, 1985).
In some cases, losses are incurred because of seed borne-diseases affecting potato.
Selection of appropriate cultivars, high yielding variety and adaptable to the locality
should be done. Proper selection of planting materials is still the most important in
successful potato production, for increasing productivity and sustainability. Seed tubers
are also costly on the part of the farmers and prone to seed borne diseases and this can
reduce the yield (Gayao et al., 1985).
To be able to cope with the problem on planting materials, alternative planting
materials should be used. The most economic planting materials is the rooted stem
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
2
cutting. The importance of stem cutting is the increase of new cultivars and may prevent
the occurrence of tuber borne diseases. (Escobar and Vander Zaag, 1985).
According
to
Gayao et al., (1987), rooted stem cutting can reduce the production
cost for as low as 60%. Stem cutting is a rapid multiplication technique (RMT) for
production of potato planting materials.. The primary step is to keep the highland farmers
to increase potato production through the use of stem cuttings thereby increasing their
production income.
The study was conducted to evaluate the different potato entries grown from
rooted stem cuttings and to identify the highest yielding entries that is adapted to Sagpat,
Kibungan, Benguet Condition.
The study was conducted at Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet from October 2007 to
January 2008.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation of Potato Varieties
Varietal Evaluation is important in order to observe performance characteristics
such as yield, early growth, vigor, maturity and keeping quality. Different varieties have
a wide range of differences like plant size and yield performance. However, the varieties
to be selected should be high yielding, insect and disease resistant and early maturing
(HARRDEC, 1995).
Rasco and Amante (1994) reported that varietal evaluation is ultimately measured
in terms of the variety that passed the evaluation process by the end users. Varietal trial
can be done by assessing available plants traits that are perceived to be related to the
evaluation objectives.
Evaluation is a continuing activity in the Philippines highland to select a variety
that is both high yielding and resistant. Evaluation and screening of wide range of
germplasm continue in the highlands to identify and select cultivars that are adapted, high
yielding, and resistant. Thus, farmers in highland still need cultivars resistant to disease,
adapted, and are high yielding (Baldo et al, 1990).
Bautista and Mabessa (1986), stated that selecting right variety will minimize
problems associated with water and fertilizer management. Growing the wrong variety
may mean crop failure because of disease infestation. Variety to be selected should be
with high yielding ability, regional and adaptability resistance to diseases and pests and
quality.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
4
Use of Stem Cuttings in Potato Production
Clean seed is the most important factor in obtaining high yield in potato
production. Demonteverde (1991) stated that the alternative planting materials to tuber
seed is the stem cuttings. Stem cuttings can be rapidly multiplied and this technique could
be adapted by small farmers in both cool and warm climate. Apical cuttings are
promising tool for germplasm evaluation. Potato is traditionally grown from tuber seed.
Tuber seed can account for 50% cost of production. The alternative is to grow potato
from cuttings. Cuttings can be rapidly multiplied, and can be used for seed production or
directly for potato production.
Escobar and Vander Zaag (1985) found that stem cuttings was a source of clean
planting materials. These materials are disease free. The cost of planting materials is also
reduced however, labor requirements are increased.
In potato production using stem cuttings, high mortality rate is one of the main
problems of the farmers that makes them lazy to use as their alternative planting
materials. However, using rooted cutting is reported to be cheaper than seed tubers
(Gayao et al., (1987).
Dalang et al., (1990) further stated that stem cuttings as a Rapid Multiplication
Technique (RMT) for potato, yields more planting materials than the traditional method
which is the use of seed tubers. Rooted stem cuttings are ready for transplanting after 9 to
15 days from cuttings as compared to seed tubers that take 4 to 8 months dormancy.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
5
Rooted stem cuttings are free from diseases because it can be obtained from pest
and disease free mother plants of planting tubers, and also serve as low cost planting
materials.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An area of 150 m2 was properly prepared before planting. The area was divided
into 3 blocks. Each block composed ten plots measuring 1m x 5m and each plot was
planted with one potato entry using stem cuttings.
Ten potato entries of rooted stem cuttings were acquired from the Northern
Philippine Root Crops and Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC). The different
treatments were equally applied with a handful of chicken manure per hill together with
½ of the recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer 140-140-140 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha was
applied as basal five days prior to planting. The remaining ½ of the recommended
inorganic fertilizer was applied as sidedress during hilling-up 30 days after transplanting.
The potato stem cuttings were planted at the distance of 25cm × 30cm in between hills
and rows. The experiment was laid out following the Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD).
The treatments were as follows:
Treatment Entry
Source/agency
T1 13.1.1 CIP
T2
96.06 CIP
T3
573275 CIP
T4
676070 CIP
T5
2.21.6.2 Philippines
T6
MLUSA-3 Mainland
USA
T7
Ganza CIP
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
7
T8
Solibao CIP
T9
Granola(Check) Germany
T10
Igorota(Check) Philippines
Cultural management such as hilling-up, irrigation, weeding and spraying of
insecticides and fungicides were done as preventive measure against pest and diseases of
plants.
All treatments were harvested at the same time at maturity at 90 days from
planting.
The data gathered were:
1. Percentage Survival (%). The plants that survived 30 DAT were taken using
the formula:
% Survival = Number of plants survived
x 100
Total number of plants planted
2. Plant Vigor. This was taken one month DAT using the following rating scale
1-5 by (Palomar and Sanico, 1994).
Rating Description
1 Very
poor
3 Moderately
vigorous
5 Highly
vigorous
3. Initial plant height (cm). Initial plant height was measured 30 DAT from the
base to the tip of the longest shoots of ten random sample plants.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
8
4. Final plant height (cm). Final height of the plant was measured at maturity
from the base to the tip of the longest shoot of ten sample plants that was taken at
random.
5. Late blight incidence. This was observed and recorded 30,45, and 60 DAT,
using the CIP Scale (Henfling, 1987).
CIP
Blight (%)
scale
value
Mean limits
Symptoms
1
0
No late blight observable
2
2.5
Traces -< 5
Late blight present. Maximum 10 lesions per
plant
3
10
5 -< 15
Plants look healthy, but lesions are easily seen at
closer distance. Maximum foliage area affected
by lesions or destroyed corresponds to no more
than 20 leaflets.
4
25
15 -< 35
Late blight easily seen on most plants. About
25% of foliages is covered with lesions or
destroyed.
5
50
35 -< 65
Plot looks green however, all plants are affected.
Lower leaves are dead. About half the foliage
area is destroyed.
6
75
65 -< 85
Plots look green with brown flecks. About 75%
of each plant is affected. Leaves of the lower
half of plants are destroyed.
7
90
85 -< 95
Plot neither predominantly green nor brown.
Only top leaves are green. Many stems have
large lesions.
8
97.5
95 -< 100
Plot is brown-colored. A few top leaves still
have some green areas. Most stems have lesions
or are dead.
9
100
All leaves and stems are dead.
The description of symptoms is based on plants with 4 stems and 10 to 12 leaves per
stem.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
9
6. Number and weight of marketable tubers/plot (kg). All tubers that are
marketable size, not malformed, free from cuts, cracks and with out more than 10%
greening of the total surface are counted and weighed at harvest.
7. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers/plot (kg). These were the tubers
that were malformed, damaged by pest and disease, and those with more than 10%
greening.
8. Total yield per plot (kg). The sum of the weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers were counted and weighed.
9. Computed yield (tons/ha). This was computed in hectare basis using the
formula:
Yield (tons/ha) = Total yield/plot x 10, 000
Plot size (m2)
10. Return of Cash on Expense (ROCE). This was computed by dividing the net
profit over the total cost of production multiplied by 100.
ROCE = Net profit x 100
Total cost of production
11. Dry matter content (DMC). Tubers were weighed into fifty grams per sample.
Sliced into cubes, and oven dried at 80 oC for 48 hours. This was recorded and computed
using the following formula:
% Moisture Content (MC) = Fresh weight – Over dry weight x 100
Fresh Weight
% Dry matter content (DMC) = 100% - %MC
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
10
Analysis of data
All quantitative data was analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication. Significance of
difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range
Test (DMRT).
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Percent Survival
Table 1 shows the percentage survival of the ten potato entries grown from rooted
stem cuttings. Ganza, Solibao, 676070, 13.1.1, 2.21.6.2 and 96-06, obtained the highest
percentage of survival followed by Igorota and 573275. While Granola and MLUSA-3
obtained the lowest survival.
Table 1. Percentage survival of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings.
ENTRY SURVIVAL
(%)
13.1.1 98a
96-06 98a
573275 89b
676070 100a
2.21.6.2 98a
MLUSA-3 80c
Ganza 100a
Solibao 100a
Granola (check)
76c
Igorota (check)
88b
CV (%)
4.41
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
12
Plant vigor
Table 2 shows the plant vigor of the different entries evaluated at 30 and 45 days
after planting.
At 30 and 45 days after planting, all the entries were rated vigorous except
MLUSA-3 which was rated less vigorous at 45 DAP and this could be due to the genetic
Characteristics of this entry aside from the change of temperature and photo-period.
Table 2. Plant vigor of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings at 30 and 45
DAT.
PLANT VIGOR
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
30 45
13.1.1 3
3
96-06 3
3
573275 3
3
2.21.6.2 3
3
676070 3
3
MLUSA-3 3
2
Ganza 3
3
Solibao 3
3
Granola (check)
3
3
Igorota (check)
3
3
Rating Scale: 1 – very poor; 2 – less vigorous; 3 – vigorous; 4 – moderately vigorous;
5 – highly vigorous
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
13
Late Blight Incidence
As indicated in the ratings, entries 13.1.1, 96-06, 573275, 2.21.6.2, Ganza and
Igorota were all highly resistant to late blight 45 days after planting and the rest were
rated resistant (Table 3). Then at 60 days after planting, entries 96-06, 2.21.6.2, MLUSA-
3 and Ganza were still highly resistant to late blight and the rest were resistant. This
highly resistant from 45 and 60 days after planting was attributed to the minimal use of
fungicide and also to the genetic make up of the crops.
Table 3. Late blight incidence of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings at
45 and 60 DAT.
LATE BLIGHT RATING
ENTRY
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
45 60
13.1.1
1
2
96-06
1
1
573275
1
2
676070
2
2
2.21.6.2
1
1
MLUSA-3
2
1
Ganza
1
1
Solibao
2
2
Granola (check)
2
2
Igorota (check)
1
2
Rating Scale: 1 –highly resistant; 2 – 3 – resistant; 4 – 5 – moderately resistant
6 – 7 - moderately susceptible; 8 – 9 – susceptible
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
14
Initial and final plant height
Results showed that the plant height of the different entries significantly varies
(Table 4). Entry 13.1.1 significantly had the tallest plants for the recorded initial and
final height followed by Solibao for the initial and final height measured. The shortest
plants were from Ganza and Granola for the initial and final height, respectively. The
significant differences on the plant initial and final height of the different entries could be
due to their genetic characteristics and also the photoperiods.
Table 4.Initial and final height (cm) of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings.
ENTRY INITIAL
HEIGHT
FINAL HEIGHT
(cm)
(cm)
13.1.1
15.51a
30.17a
96-06
12.30bcd
22.36d
573275
10.19e
20.90e
676070
12.35c
20.65e
2.21.6.2
10.17e
23.02cd
MLUSA-3
13.09bc
23.65c
Ganza
5.38f
16.60g
Solibao
13.21b
28.45b
Granola (check)
11.68d
19.06f
Igorota (check)
11.22dc
20.92e
CV (%)
7.07
1.86
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
15
Number and weight of Marketable Tubers
From the ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings
On the tuber number, significant differences were noted among the entries
evaluated (Table 5).Entries 13.1.1 and 2.21.6.2 had the most numbers of marketable
tubers followed by Ganza and the least was Granola. For the weight, Ganza had the
heaviest followed by entries 96-06, Solibao, 2.21.6.2, 13.1.1, Igorota and 676070.The
least for the marketable weight was realized from Granola with the weight of 0.26
kilo/5m2. This yield weight differences was considered as the effect of the tuber size
differences.
Table 5. Number and weight (kg) of marketable tubers from ten potato entries grown
from rooted stem cuttings.
MARKETABLE TUBERS
ENTRY
(kg/ 5m2)
NUMBER WEIGHT
13.1.1
139a
3.17b
96-06
110c
3.75ab
573275
49g
1.93c
676070
117bc
3.025b
2.21.6.2
129a
3.42b
MLUSA-3
94e
2.65bc
Ganza
120b
4.76a
Solibao
105d
3.78ab
Granola (check)
15j
0.26d
Igorota (check)
91f
3.13b
CV (%)
26.29
20.41
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
16
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number and Weight of Non-marketable tubers
From the ten Potato Entries Grown from Stem Cuttings
Table 6 shows the number and weight of non-marketable tubers. Entries MLUSA-
3 and 13.1.1 consistently produced the highest number and weight of non-marketable
tubers out of ten potato entries evaluated. The lightest was noted from the check variety
(Granola).
Table6. Number and weight (kg) of non-marketable tubers from ten potato entries
Grown from rooted stem cuttings.
NON-MARKETABLE TUBERS
(kg/5m2)
ENTRY
NUMBER
WEIGHT
13.1.1
113a
0.8a
96-06
32b
0.35bc
573275
58b
0.425bc
676070
51b
0.45bc
2.21.6.2
102a
0.61ab
MLUSA-3
135a
0.9a
Ganza
55b
0.59ab
Solibao
61b
0.63b
Granola (check)
50b
0.22c
Igorota (check)
42b
0.45bc
CV (%)
21.58
23.02
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
17
Total yield and computed yield
Significant difference among the potato entries were observed on the total and
computed yield (Table 7). Ganza produced the heaviest total yield with 5.08 kg/5m2and
computed yield of 10.16 tons/ha. Nevertheless Solibao, 2.21.6.2, 96-06, and 13.1.1 were
significantly comparable with Ganza. Thereby, these entries being the highest yielder
were suited to the area.
The low yield produced by the other entries could be due to their non-suitability
or the unfavorable conditions during the conduct of the study.
Table 7. Total and computed yield of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings.
ENTRY TOTAL
YIELD
COMPUTEDYIELD
(kg/5m2)
(tons/ha)
13.1.1
3.97ab
7.93ab
96-06 4.1ab
8.20ab
573275 2.35c
4.70c
676070 3.44bc
6.87b
2.21.6.2 4.03ab
8.06ab
MLUSA-3 3.48bc
6.97b
Ganza 5.08a
10.16a
Solibao 4.92ab
8.83ab
Granola (check)
0.47d
0.93d
Igorota (check)
3.58b
7.17b
CV (%)
18.59
18.38
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
18
573275
13 1 1
96-06
2.21.6.2
Ganza
MLUSA-3
Igorota
Solibao
Figure 1. Yield of the nine potato entries.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
19
Return on Cash Expense
Cash expense of potato entries is shown in (Table 8). Ganza had the highest
ROCE with 56.24% followed by Solibao, entries 96-06, and 2.21.6.2 with their ROCE of
24.27, 23.18 and 12.23 respectively. These results indicate that the entries with the
highest yield also gained the highest profit.
Table 8. Return on cash expense of ten potato entries grown from rooted stem cuttings
COST OF
MARKETABLE GROSS
NET
ENTRY
PRODUC-
TUBERS
SALE
INCOME ROCE
TION (Php)
(kg/5m2)
(Php)
(Php)
13.1.1
274
9.5
85.00
11.00
4.01
96-06
274
11.25
337.50
63.50
23.18
573275
274
5.78
173.40
-100.6
-37.46
676070
274
9.18
275.40
1.40
0.51
2.21.6.2
274
10.25
307.50
33.50
12.23
MLUSA-3
274
7.95
238.50
-35.5
-12.96
Ganza
274
14.27
428.10
154.10
56.24
Solibao
274
11.35
540.50
66.50
24.27
Granola (check)
274
0.78
23.40
-250.6
-25.06
Igorota (check)
274
9.4
282.00
8.00
2.92
* Total cost of production includes cost of planting materials, insecticides, fertilizers and
labor.
* Selling price of potato tubers was based at Php30.00 per kilo for seed purposes.
Dry Matter Content
Highly significant differences among the entries were observed in terms of
percent dry matter content (Table 9). Entries 573275 and 13.1.1 had the highest dry
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
20
matter content of tubers with identical mean dry matter content of 22 % while entry
MLUSA-3 had the lowest dry matter content of 18%. The percent dry matter content
indicates the solid matter that comprises the tubers which is a very important composition
of potatoes. It is mainly determined genetically and is dependent on the variety (Hartman
et. al, 1974). The difference in the dry matter content of tubers of the different entries
maybe attributed to the genotypic characteristics of each potato entry.
Table 9. Dry matter content of ten potato entries.
ENTRY
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
13.1.1
21ab
96-06
21ab
573275
22a
676070
19bc
2.21.6.2
21ab
MLUSA-3
18c
Ganza
19bc
Solibao
21ab
Granola
20b
Igorota
20b
CV (%)
4.42
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted to evaluate the different potato entries grown from
rooted stem cuttings and identify the highest yielding entries grown from rooted stem
cuttings under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet condition. This was conducted in October
2007 to January 2008.
Among the ten entries evaluated, Majority of the entries were higher than the
Granola and MLUSA-3 in terms of plant survival. In plant vigor, all the potato entries
were vigorous except for MLUSA-3 that was less vigorous at 45 DAP.
On height, entry 13.1.1 produced the tallest plant. Based on yield performance,
Ganza produced the heaviest marketable tubers followed by Solibao, 96-06, 2.21.6.2 and
13.1.1 while Granola produced the lowest yield.
For the total and the computed yield per hectare, Ganza significantly had the
highest, and also gained the highest ROCE. Based on percentage dry matter content,
entries 13.1.1 and 573275 significantly revealed the highest while MLUSA-3 had the
lowest.
Conclusion
Ganza produced the highest marketable yield and had the highest for total and
computed yield per hectare and also with ROCE. Low yield of the other entries could be
due to unfavorable condition and their non- adaptability to conditions in Sagpat,
Kibungan, Benguet.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
22
Recommendation
Findings indicated that varieties Ganza and Solibao had the highest computed
yield per hectare resulting to their respective high ROCE. Hence, these varieties are
recommended for potato growers of Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet.
The entries 96-06 and 2.21.6.2 are also recommended as alternative to plant
considering that they also gave an average computed yield per hectare and for being
resistant to late blight.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
LITERATURE CITED
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of working Papers. Northern Philippines root crops research and training center.
Benguet State University La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-2.
BAUTISTA, O. K. and R. C. MABESSA. 1986. Vegetable Production. University of the
Philippines at Los Baňos, College of Agriculture. P. 28.
CIP. 2001. Compiled data sheet (Loose sheet). International Potato Center (CIP).
DALANG, P. A., S. T. GAYAO and C. G. KISWA. 1990. Stem Cutting: A rapid
multiplication technique for potato. NPRCRTC, BSU Extension Bulletin I.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.15.
DEMONTEVERDE, V. E. CHUJOY, E. GERPACIO, M. R. GERPACIO, M. T. L.
OPEŇA, G. B. and D.K.SIMONGO. 1991. Potato Apical Cuttings: A promising
tool for evaluation breeding material. The potato and sweet potato in Southeast
Asia and the Pacific Regional Office Box 933, Manila, Philippines. Pp. 78 – 79.
DOUGLAS, H. 1987. Potatoes: Production, Marketing and Processing for developing
Countries. London: West View Press. Pp. 108 – 109.
ESCOBAR, U. and P. VANDER ZAAG. 1985. Rapid Multiplication of Potatoes in the
Warm Tropics: Rooting and Establishment of cuttings potato research 33.
Research results presented in a series of CIP Region VIII working paper S. P. Pp.
13-21.
FRLD. 1985. Agribusiness investment profile: Philippines: Quezon City Foundation for
Resource Linkage and Development Incorporation. P. 173.
GAYAO, B. T., A. BOTANGEN, P. DALANG, E. SANO, M. WALLACE and
MACARIO. 1987. Economics of Table Potato Production Using Rooted Stem
Cuttings. Research Results Presented in a Series of Working Papers Volume I.
NPRCRTC. Benguet State University. Pp. 58 – 59.
GAYAO, M., G. TIANZA, E. SANO, BALOG-AS and V. MAVARIO. 1985. Cost and
return evaluation of the white potato agribusiness production in La Trinidad,
Benguet. Research Results Presented In a Series of Working Papers. Northern
Philippines Root Crops and Training Center, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 185 –
194.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
24
HARRDEC. 1995. Note Worthy Potato Clones for the Humid Tropics of Southeast Asia.
Los Baňos: Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), University of the Philippines, Los
Baňos, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 1 – 3.
HARTMAN, K. J. and A. VANES 1974. Onderzoek Naar Diepergelegen Corzaken Van
de Blaneuge. Vael Voel Voelighheld Van Aardappelen, I-IBVL-Oblicate 272
IBVL, Wagenginen. Pp. 130-133.
HENFLING, J. W. 1987. Late Blight.of potato. International Potato Center (CIP). Lima
Peru. Revised 1987. P. 21.
Northern Philippines Root Crops Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC). 1998.
Potato Production Guide. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 6 –
7.
PALOMAR, M. K. and R. L. TALATALA – SANICO. 1994. Standard Procedure and
Guidelines for National Cooperative Testing (NCT). National Seed Industry
Council. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. P. 29.
RASCO, E. T. and V. T. AMANTE. 1994. Sweet Potato Variety Evaluation Southeast
Asia Program for Potato Research and Development (SAPRRAD). Pp. 16 – 17.
SIMONGO, D. K. 2007. Growth, Yield and dry matter Partitioning of Potato Genotype
under Organic Production at La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 25.
SMITH. O. 1977. Potatoes: Production, Storing, Processing 2nd.Connecticut: AVI
Publishing Company Inc P. 77.
TECHNOGUIDE 2005. Seed Potato Production. Bureau of plant Industry. Baguio
National Crop Research and Development Center (BPI – BNCRDC) Guisad,
Baguio City Philippines. Pp. 5 – 16.
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE. 1. Percent survival
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
100
100
95
295
98a
96-06
100
100
95
295
98a
573275
95
78
95
268
89b
676070
100
100
100
300
100a
2.21.6.2
95
100
100
295
98a
MLUSA-3
75
80
85
240
80c
Ganza
100
100
100
300
100a
Solibao
100
100
100
300
100a
Granola
78
75
75
288
76a
Igorota
85
88
90
263
88b
TOTAL
733
921
935
2784
93
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
98.00
4.900
Treatment
9
219.467
243.941
14.16
2.46
3.60
Error
18
18
301.533
16.752
Total
29
2506.800
** - highly significant CV% = 4.41
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
26
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Plant vigor at 30 DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
3
3
3
9
3
96_06
3
3
3
9
3
573275
3
3
3
9
3
676070
3
3
3
9
3
2.21.6.2
3
3
3
9
3
MLUSA-3
3
4
3
10
3
Ganza
3
3
3
9
3
Solibao
3
3
3
9
3
Granola
2
3
3
8
3
Igorota
3
3
3
9
3
TOTAL
29
31
30
90
3
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
27
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Plant vigor at 45DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
3
3
3
9
3
96-06
3
3
3
9
3
573275
3
3
3
9
3
676070
3
3
3
9
3
2.21.6.2
3
3
3
9
3
MLUSA-3
2
3
2
7
2
Ganza
3
3
3
9
3
Solibao
3
3
3
9
3
Granola
2
3
3
8
3
Igorota
3
3
3
9
3
TOTAL
28
30
29
87
3
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
28
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Late blight incidence at 45DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
1
2
1
4
1
96-06
1
1
1
3
1
573275
1
1
1
3
1
676070
2
2
1
5
2
2.21.6.2
1
2
1
4
1
MLUSA-3
2
1
2
5
2
Ganza
1
1
1
3
1
Solibao
1
2
2
5
2
Granola
2
2
2
6
2
Igorota
1
2
1
4
1
TOTAL
13
16
13
42
1
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
29
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Late blight incidence at 60DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
1
4
2
7
2
96-06
1
2
1
4
1
573275
2
2
2
6
2
676070
1
2
2
5
2
2.21.6.2
1
2
1
4
1
MLUSA-3
1
1
1
3
1
Ganza
2
1
1
4
1
Solibao
1
2
2
5
2
Granola
4
2
2
8
3
Igorota
2
1
2
5
2
TOTAL
16
19
17
51
2
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
30
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Initial plant height at 30 DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
16.18
15.08
15.26
46.52
15.51a
96-06
12.81
12.15
11.93
36.89
12.30bcd
573275
9.61
10.47
10.50
30.58
10.19e
676070
12.45
11.00
13.59
37.04
12.35c
2.21.6.2
8.75
10.61
11.16
30.52
10.17e
MLUSA-3
13.59
12.68
13.00
39.27
13.09bc
Ganza
5.37
5.62
5.15
16.14
5.38f
Solibao
14.28
12.32
13.03
39.03
13.21b
Granola
11.80
11.85
11.40
35.05
11.68d
Igorota
12.13
9.85
11.68
33.66
11.22dc
TOTAL
116.97
111.63
116.1
344.67
11.49
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
1.810
0.905
Treatment
9
191.670
21.297
32.16**
2.46
3.60
0.662
Error
18
11.921
Total
29
205.401
ns –highly significant
CV% =7.07
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
31
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Final plant height 60 DAP
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
30.66
31.15
30.51
92.32
30.17a
96-06
21.95
22.70
22.43
67.08
22.36d
573275
17.12
16.46
16.23
49.81
20.90e
676070
20.50
21.46
20.00
61.95
20.65e
2.21.6.2
23.00
23.27
22.80
69.07
23.02cd
MLUSA-3
24.09
23.71
23.14
70.94
23.65c
Ganza
28.76
28.70
27.90
85.36
16.60g
Solibao
28.76
28.70
27.90
85.36
28.45b
Granola
18.99
19.32
18.88
57.19
19.06f
Igorota
21.75
20.34
20.67
62.76
20.92e
TOTAL
235.58
235.81
230.46
701.84
23.69
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
1.137 0.569
Replication
2
481.094 53.455
Treatment
9
301.91**
2.46
3.60
3.187 0.177
Error
18
485.410
Total
29
** _ highly significant
CV% = 1.86
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
32
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
132
156
128
416
139a
96-06
116
117
98
331
110c
573275
57
41
50
148
49g
676070
137
94
119
350
117bc
2.21.6.2
103
79
206
388
129a
MLUSA-3
148
59
75
282
94e
Ganza
117
93
149
359
120f
Solibao
101
92
122
315
105d
Granola
20
10
16
46
15j
Igorota
82
78
112
272
91f
TOTAL
1013
819
1075
2907
97
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
27343.400
15671.700
Treatment
9
58281.467
6475.719
0.88ns
2.46 3.60
Error
18
131871.933
7326.219
Total
29
217496.800
ns - not significant
CV% = 26.29
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
33
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Weight of marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
3.15
3.4
2.95
9.5
3.17b
96-06
3.8
3.6
3.85
11.25
3.75ab
573275
1.7
2.15
1.93
5.78
1.93c
676070
3.45
2.6
3.025
9.075
3.025b
2.21.6.2
2.5
2.45
5.3
10.25
3.42b
MLUSA-3
3.35
1.8
2.8
7.95
2.65bc
Ganza
4.52
4.15
5.6
14.27
4.76a
Solibao
3.65
3.15
4.55
11.35
3.78ab
Granola
0.2
0.18
0.4
0.78
0.26d
Igorota
2.9
2.8
3.7
9.4
3.13b
TOTAL
29.22
26.28
34.105
89.575
2.99
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
3.125
1.560
Treatment
9
39.787
4.421
11.90**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
6.689
0.372
Total
29
49.601
** - highly significant CV% = 20.41
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
34
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Number of non-marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
134
103
103
340
113a
96-06
24
53
18
95
32b
573275
70
46
58
174
58b
676070
36
66
51
153
51b
2.21.6.2
90
145
72
307
102a
MLUSA-3
125
109
171
405
135a
Ganza
45
48
72
165
55b
Solibao
51
47
84
182
61b
Granola
50
62
37
149
50b
Igorota
53
34
38
125
42b
TOTAL
678
713
704
2.095
70
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
66.067
33.033
Treatment
9
31952.167
3550.241
730**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
8753.933 486.330
Total
29
40772.167
** - highly significant CV% = 21.58
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
35
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Weight of non-marketable tubers
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
0.9
0.75
0.75
2.4
0.8a
96-06
0.45
0.45
0.15
1.05
0.35bc
573275
0.6
0.25
0.425
1.175
0.425bc
676070
0.4
0.5
0.45
1.35
0.45bc
2.21.6.2
0.49
0.85
0.5
1.84
0.61ab
MLUSA-3
0.8
0.9
1.0
2.7
0.9a
Ganza
0.32
0.75
0.7
1.77
0.59ab
Solibao
0.65
0.3
0.95
1.9
0.63ab
Granola
0.2
0.25
0.2
0.65
0.22c
Igorota
0.5
0.35
0.5
1.35
0.45bc
TOTAL
36.99
5.35
5.625
16.285
0.54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
0.006
0.003
Treatment
9
1.151
0.128
3.98**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
0.578
0.032
Total
29
1.736
** - highly significant CV% = 23.02
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
36
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Total yield (kg/5m2)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
4.05
4.15
3.7
11.9
3.97ab
96-06
4.25
4.05
4.0
12.3
4.1ab
573275
2.3
2.4
2.355
7.055
2.35c
676070
3.75
3.1
3.48
10.33
3.44bc
2.21.6.2
2.99
3.3
5.8
12.09
4.03ab
MLUSA-3
4.15
2.7
3.6
10.45
3.48bc
Ganza
4.84
4.1
6.3
15.24
5.08aa
Solibao
4.3
3.45
5.5
13.25
4.42ab
Granola
0.4
0.4
0.6
1.4
0.47d
Igorota
3.4
3.15
4.2
10.75
3.58b
TOTAL
34.43
30.8
39.585
104.765
34.92
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
3.851
1.926
Treatment
9
44.175
4.908
11.64**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
7.589
0.422
Total
29
55.615
** - highly significant CV% = 18.59
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
37
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Computed yield (ton/ha)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
8.10
8.30
7.40
23.8
7.93ab
96-06
8.50
8.10
8.00
24.6
8.2ab
573275
4.60
4.80
4.71
14.11
4.70c
676070
7.50
6.20
6.96
20.66
6.87bc
2.21.6.2
5.98
6.60
11.60
24.18
8.06ab
MLUSA-3
8.30
5.40
7.20
20.9
6.97bc
Ganza
9.68
8.20
12.60
30.48
10.16a
Solibao
8.60
7.20
11.00
26.5
8.83ab
Granola
0.80
0.80
1.20
2.8
0.93d
Igorota
6.80
6.30
8.40
21.5
7.17b
TOTAL
68.86
61.6
79.07
209.53
69.91
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
14.916
7.458
Treatment
9
177.836
19.760
11.96**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
29.745
1.653
Total
29
222.498
** - highly significant CV% = 18.38
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
38
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Dry Matter Content
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II
TOTAL
III
MEAN
13.1.1
21
22
21
64
21ab
96-06
20
21
21
62
21ab
573275
21
21
24
66
22a
676070
19
19
18
56
19bc
2.21.6.2
21
21
21
63
21ab
MLUSA-3
18
17
18
53
18c
Ganza
20
20
18
58
19bc
Solibao
21
21
20
62
21ab
Granola
20
21
20
61
20b
Igorota
19
21
19
59
20b
TOTAL
200
204
200
604
20
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF
DEGREE
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION
OF
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
FREEDOM
.05
.01
Replication
2
1.067
0.533
Treatment
9
46.133
5.126
5.13**
2.46
3.60
Error
18
14.267
0.793
Total
29
68.139
** - highly significant CV% = 4.42%
Evaluation of different potato entries using stems cuttings
Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition / Freda D. Gatawa. 2008
Document Outline
- Evaluation of different potato entries using
stems cuttings Under Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHOD
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES