ABSTRACT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ARAGON, MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009. Awareness and Compliance of the
Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma” Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc
Mountain Province. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Filmore Y. Awas, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify the respondents’ awareness and compliance
on anti-spitting of momma ordinance, characterize the respondents, find out the level of
awareness of the respondents on the sanitary ordinance content, identify the sources of
information of the respondents on the said ordinance, identify the strategies applied by
the local government unit of Bontoc in implementing the ordinance, find out the level of
compliance of the respondents on the sanitary ordinance, identify the problems in the
implementation of the ordinance and solicit the suggestions and comments of the
respondents on the strategies applied by the local government unit in implementing the
said ordinance.
An interview schedule was used to gather the needed information. There were 50
respondents and five key informants in the study. Tabulation, frequency and percentage
were used to analyze the data.
An ordinance prohibiting the irresponsible spitting of chewed betel nut concoction
locally known as momma within the limits of Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc Mountain
Province and providing penalties was enacted since 2003. Majority of the respondents is
aware on the ordinance content.
Most of the respondents were informed on anti-spitting of momma ordinance
through the posted ordinances in bulletin boards. Majority of the respondents observed
that posting the ordinance in bulletin boards is the number one strategy applied by the
enforcing groups.
Other implementing strategy applied by the implementing group is to conduct
partial inspection at night to apprehend the violators.
As to the compliance to the ordinance, majority of the respondents follow the
ordinance. However, this was contradicted by the result of the ocular observation.
As to the factors contributing to the respondents’ compliance with the ordinance,
majority of the respondents said that they want to maintain a clean and green
environment.
In the implementation of the anti-spitting of momma ordinance, the enforcing
group encountered problem such as lack of discipline of the community and lack of
cooperation among the community members.
There is low compliance of the ordinance in the community based on the ocular
inspection, strategies applied by the enforcing group affect how the community complies
with the said ordinance.
It is therefore, recommended that enforcing group should strictly impose the
penalty for violation since it was found out in the ocular inspection that there is low
compliance of the ordinance.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Earlier tradition echoes that Bontoc was never known comparably with the habits
of its neighboring Ifugao Province of chewing betel nut concoction where even their
ancestors incessantly avoided the practice because of the semi-permanent residue
blotched around the environment. Ironically, such practice is being accepted in this
supposed modern age more particularly in Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc despite the
unsanitary sights of masticated rusty colored mixture spewed indiscriminately anywhere
that is not otherwise occupied.
While this practice may not be prohibited, the chewing of momma is the issue
raised against the growing pain in the neck by the non addicted majority of the people of
Barangay Poblacion,Bontoc, with respect to the dignity of the locality.
To promote sanitation, health, and convenience of its constituents, the Sanguniang
Barangay passed an ordinance prohibiting and penalizing unsanitary acts in Bontoc
starting from August 2003 to present.
This ordinance, also known as the Sanitation Ordinance of Bontoc, strictly
prohibits the indiscriminately spit masticated momma within the metes and bounds of
Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc, not limited to any open public places such as roads, streets,
sidewalks, parks, plazas, walls of private and government buildings, including publicly or
privately installed garbage receptacles.
Any person/s found in violation of this ordinance shall upon apprehension be
punished by a fine, payable to the Barangay Treasurer, of three hundred pesos (PhP 300)
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
for first offense, and by a fine of five hundred pesos (PhP 500) for the succeeding
offenses.
For the implementation of this ordinance, the Bontoc Police Force, any member/s
of the Bontoc Women’s Brigade, and any member/s of the Sangguniang Barangay is/are
authorized as the arresting agents; furthermore, all concerned constituents are deputized
to file complaint with material evidence against a violator/s to any of the authorized
arresting officers.
However, despite this strict implementation, many unsanitary sights caused by
‘momma’ are still widely observed in the area. Many rusty red splotches are discoloring
building frontages, sidewalks along the main road and even the unsightly blots all over
the capital town. Given this, the need to study and analyze the awareness of the
community on the spitting ordinance including their adherence to the said ordinance is of
great importance.
Statement of the Problem
The study was conducted to find out the degree of awareness and compliance of
the respondents on anti-spitting of momma ordinance of Bontoc, Mountain Province.
Specifically, the study intended to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What is the awareness of the respondents on the sanitary ordinance of
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province?
3. What is their source of information regarding the said ordinance?
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
4. What strategies does the local government unit apply in implementing the
ordinance?
5. What is the level of compliance of the respondents on the sanitary
ordinance?
6. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the ordinance?
7. What are their suggestions and comments on the strategies applied by the
local government unit in implementing the said ordinance?
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study is to find out the respondent’s awareness and
compliance of the community on anti-spitting of momma ordinance of Bontoc, Mountain
Province.
The specific objectives were conducted to:
1. Characterize the respondents;
2. Find out the level of awareness of the respondents on the content of the
sanitary ordinance of Bontoc, Mountain Province;
3. Identify the sources of information of the respondents on the said
ordinance;
4. Identify the strategies being applied by the local government unit of
Bontoc, in implementing the said ordinance;
5. Find out the level of compliance of the respondents on the sanitary
ordinance;
6. Identify the problems in the implementation of the ordinance; and
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
7. Solicit their suggestions and comments on the strategies applied by the
local government unit in implementing the said ordinance.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
It is estimated that 10 percent of the world’s population or 200 million people
mostly in the Asia Pacific are into beetle nut chewing regularly. Like tobacco smoking,
dependence and frequency varies (Dacawi, 2004).
Betel nut is said to have been used in ancient Aryuvedic medicine to cure a host
of sufferings, from head to stomach aches, fever and even venereal disease or as
purgative. As in India, it forms part of the social and religious systems of the Ifugaos who
share it, sometimes as an icebreaker, during meetings or when attending rituals. The
chewing ceremony seals the habit, the traditional Ifugaao system of reconciling warring
clans or tribe (Dacawi, 2004).
Time was when it was easy to spot an Ifugao from the rest, even if his teeth or lips
had not yet been tainted red by the practice. It won’t take long for an Ifugao to pull out
his pocket a woven or plastic pouch containing his tribal mark: oblong nuts, green and
heart-shaped betel leaves, a vial of powdered lime and, sometimes, a piece of tobacco
jerky (Dacawi, 2004).
It appears the number of Ifugaos who are still hooked is dwindling, especially among
those who migrated to Baguio where the local government once provided fixed spittoons
at their regular Sunday chatting place within the market (Dacawi, 2004 ).
At the rate the natives of Bontoc, Mountain Province are catching on the habit,
their Ifugao neighbors in the east may soon lose the distinction of being the only major
betel nut-chewing tribe in the Cordillera.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
No longer the tell-tale sign, once limited to the loading spot in Bontoc for
jeepney bound for eastern villages, is spreading around the old capital town…rusty red
splotches are discoloring building frontages, sidewalks along the main road and even the
unsightly blots all over the capital town. To the respect of the locality the anti spitting of
momma was been enacted (Dacawi, 2004).
Betel Nut or “Momma”
The hard nuts from the areca areca catechu is commonly called momma by the
Cordillera tribes who are collectively called Igorots.
The green leaf that is used to wrap the betel quid, comes from the piper betel vine
and is known here as “gawed”. The third ingredient-lime (calcium oxide) or “apog,” is
locally prepared by burning river or seashells on glowing charcoal until they turn white
and powdery.
Momma when used in the ordinance would refer to the mixture of betel nut and
lime wrapped with local vine leaves chewed or masticated sometimes with tobacco
leaves, not swallowed but rather spit out by intervals to reduce the concoction as saliva
accumulates in the chewer’s mouth providing a fluid of rusty red coloration (Sanguniang
Bayan, Bontoc Sanitation Ordinance, 2003).
Chewing of Betel Nut
The more you chew the redder and more potent the mix becomes. Because it
stimulates not only the nervous system but also the salivary glands, forcing you to spit
often to give you chewing room.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Users, however, warn against the probability of its dizzying effect on the
uninitiated (Dacawi, 2004).
Level of Awareness
Awareness comprises a human's perception and cognitive reaction to a condition
or event. Awareness does not necessarily imply understanding, just an ability to be
conscious of; feel or perceive. Awareness requires the ability to totally focus attention on
a task or a certain things. For the issue on anti-spitting of “momma” of Bontoc Mountain
Province, level of awareness is important to know if the community will adhere the
ordinance (Anonymous, 2008).
Source of Information
Information can come from virtually anywhere--personal experiences, books,
articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, tv, radio and the type of information that the
community need that will change depending on the question they are trying to answer.
For the anti-spitting ordinance of Bontoc Mountain Province, source of information are
instructional materials that are posted, members of Sanguniang Barangay or other
concern citizens for the awareness of the community (Anonymous, 2008).
Factors Affecting Awareness
Sources of information like the TV, radio, newspapers and others can affect the
awareness of the community in a certain problem or issues like the anti-spitting of
“momma” of Bontoc Mountain Province, because of the instructional materials that
were posted in the sidewalks, public and private buildings, the community were informed
and adhere the ordinance (Anonymous, 2008).
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Implementing Strategies
Implementing Strategy give a broad view of implementation and through
understanding of each piece of implementation process to make informed decisions on
efficiency and effectiveness in implementing projects or ordinances. For the anti-spitting
of “momma” in Bontoc Mountain Province, Persons who are chewing betel nut are
reminded to avoid spitting anywhere. The local Government wants every person-chewing
momma to bring with them a container where they could spit for sanitation purposes
(Anonymous, 2008).
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in Bontoc, Mountain Province the capital of Mountain
Province. It is about six to seven hours bus ride from Baguio City. It is linked with
Kalinga-Apayao in North through the Bontoc-Kalinga National road towards Banaue.
The town is narrow valley in a strip of land. Its growth and expansion is limited on the
east side of Chico River, which is drainage system of the Province. The total land area is
approximately 36,160 hectares.
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province is chosen as the study area since it is the
first town in Mountain Province to come out an ordinance regarding the spitting of
momma.
The study was conducted from December to January 2009.
Respondents of the Study
There were 50 respondents in the study: 25 youths (18-30) and 25 adults (31 years
old and above). The study had five key informants who are enforcing body as follows:
member of the Sangguniang Barangay, Bontoc Women’s Brigade, Bontoc Police Force,
and other Bontoc- LGU members. The researcher interviewed the respondents personally.
In the study, respondents should be aware that there is an existing ordinance in
their area.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Figure 1. Map of Mountain Province showing the location of the study
Data Collection
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
An interview schedule was used to gather information from the respondents. The
researcher also conducted spot observation as part of knowing the community’s
compliance to the ordinance from January 9-12 2009. To document this further, the
researcher used a digital camera for record purposes.
Data Gathered
The data gathered was on the awareness of the community of Barangay
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province on anti-spitting of momma ordinance.
Data Analysis
The data that was gathered was analyzed and tabulated using frequency counts
and percentage.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Characteristics of the Respondents
Table 1 presents the characteristics of the respondents according to age, sex,
ethnic affiliation, educational attainment and occupation.
As for the 50 respondents, 18-30 years old and 31 and above have equal number
of respondents.
The data show that there is no equal number of female from male respondents.
Majority (80%) of the respondents were male since males, according to elders, have
greater number of betel nut users than females in the area.
For the ethnic affiliation of the respondents, majority (52%) of the respondents
were residents of Bontoc since it where the study conducted.
Education could be factor in understanding the ordinance; thus, educational
attainment of the respondents was considered in the study.
Table shows that all the respondents had formal education that they can read and
write. This would mean that they can read and understand the ordinance well. Majority
(58%) of the respondents were college graduate, while (20%) of the respondents were
high school graduate and (20%) were currently enrolled in college. Among all of the
respondents, only one got as far as elementary level.
Meanwhile, 50% of the respondents claimed to be self-employed (drivers and
farmers) while 20% of the respondents were currently studying when this study was
conducted. Only 10% of the respondents were government employees.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
This result could mean that respondents who were self-employed spend more time
chewing momma basing it from their number in the study. Other occupations of the
respondents were priest and laborer.
Awareness of the Respondents to the Ordinance Content
In the study, all the respondents were aware the there is an existing ordinance
regarding momma; however, some of them were not aware of its content.
Table 1. Characteristics of the respondents
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
18-30
25
50
31 and above
25
50
Sex Male
40
80
Female
10
20
Total
50
100
Ethnic Affiliation
Bontok
26
52
Aplai
11
22
Kankana-ey
5
20
No answer
8
16
Total
50
100
Educational attainment
Elementary Graduate
1
2
High School Graduate
10
20
College Graduate
29
58
Student
10
20
Total
50
100
Occupation
Self-employed
25
50
Student
10
20
Government Employee
5
10
Priest
3
6
Laborer
7
14
Total
50
100
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 2 shows the awareness of the respondents to anti-spitting of ordinance
content of Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc, Mt. Province. It shows here that majority (80%)
of the respondents were aware of the said ordinance while 20% of the respondents are not
much aware.
For the penalties for violating, 60% of the respondents know the penalty of the
first offense and 40% do not know it. Most (54%) o the respondents know the second
succeeding offense while 46% do not know it. This result shows that respondents have
high level of awareness in unlawful spitting of momma with the corresponding penalties.
Awareness, as defined, comprises a human perception and cognitive reaction to a
condition or event. Their awareness, therefore, is important in determining their
compliance with the ordinance.
Table 2. Awareness of the respondents to the ordinance content
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
ORDINANCE CONTENT ______AWARE NOT SO MUCH AWARE
NUMBER PERCENTAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Unlawful to indiscriminate
40 80 10 20
spitting of “momma”
Penalties for violating
First offense (PhP 300) 30 60 20 40
Second and succeeding
Offense (PhP 500) 27 54 23
46
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Sources of Information of the Respondents
Result shows that majority (72%) of the respondents were informed on the anti-
spitting of momma ordinance through the posted ordinances in bulletin boards.
The data also show that radio is still one of the sources of information since radio came in
second with 52%. These stations were Radyo ng Bayan Bontoc and Radyo Natin.
Information through their friends or peers was their third source with 50%.
One of the respondents said that he was just informed that there is an ordinance
through his friends.
Furthermore, respondents’ other sources of information were newspapers, family
members, relatives and the enforcing group.
One of the respondents Mr. Chakwag, said that he was just informed when he
read the ordinance on the sidewalk along main road.
The result shows that there are many sources of information of the respondents on
the said ordinance but most of them were informed by the posted ordinance.
This result shows that respondents are aware of the posted ordinances.
Information can come from virtually anywhere, personal experiences, books, articles,
expert opinion, TV, radio, and any type of information that the community needs
(Anonymous, 2008).
Implementing Strategies According to the Key Informants
Aside from posting the ordinance in bulletin boards, announcing over the radio,
and having it published in their local publication, the five key informants, who belonged
to the enforcing group such as Sangguniang Barangay, Bontoc Women’s Brigade and
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
local Government Unit shared their other strategies in the implementation of the
ordinance.
One of the Barangay Kagawad, Mrs. Erlinda Bocaycay, said that personal
reminders given to the users at daytime even though they are not caught spitting. If the
users violate the ordinance, he will not immediately be penalized. Instead, warnings are
given to him. This statement of Bocaycay contradicts the ordinance content because as
stated in the ordinance, any person found violating the ordinance shall upon apprehension
be punished by fine payable to the Barangay Treasurer, of three hundred pesos for first
offense, and by a fine of five hundred for second and succeeding offenses. A warning
given to the first violation is not included in the ordinance.
Kagawad Bocaycay added that most users violate the ordinance at night because
they are not easily being seen. In this case, Mrs. Winifred Ananayo of the Bontoc
Women’s Brigade, as supported by the other key informants, conducts partial inspection
at night to apprehend the violators.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 3. Source of information of the respondents
SOURCE OF INFORMATION RESPONDENTS (n = 50)
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Posted in bulletin boards
36
72
Through radio
26
52
Through friends
25
50
Enforcing group
21
42
Through the newspaper
10
20
Family members
9
18
Relatives
9
18
*Multiple responses
Implementing Strategies Observed by the Respondents
Table 4 shows the strategies applied by the enforcing groups in implementing the
ordinance in the community based on the observation of the respondents. Majority (72%)
of the respondents claimed that posting the ordinance in bulletin board is the number one
strategy applied by the enforcing group. Announcing over the radio came in second with
52%. According to one key informant, announcing the ordinance over the radio started
since 2005.
Publishing the ordinance in the local newspaper was observed as another strategy
applied as noted by 42% of the respondents.
Meanwhile, two respondents claimed that a seminar was conducted by the local
government unit regarding this ordinance.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
A key informant from the LGU proved this when he said that they once conducted
a seminar regarding the ordinance especially during its approval sometime in 2003.
The result supports the statements of the key informants that these ordinances are
being implemented through radio, local publication and bulletin boards among others.
The data also support the information they provided in their sources of
information because both got the same result.
Table 4. Implementing strategies observed by the respondents
RESPONDENTS (n = 50)
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Posting the ordinance in the bulletin boards
36 72
Announcing the ordinance over the radio
26
52
Publishing the ordinance in local newspaper
21
42
Other: Seminar 2 4
*Multiple responses
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Figure 2. Sample ordinance posted in the municipal office
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Compliance of the Respondents with the Ordinance
Table 5 shows the compliance of the ordinance with the anti-spitting of “momma”
ordinance in open and public places.
The result shows that majority (68%) of the respondents comply with the
ordinance especially when they are in private buildings. Sixty six of the respondents
comply when they are in public buildings. Public buildings as it was used in the study are
where some of the users used to be gathered such as, restaurant beside public market.
Private buildings as it was used in the study are the boarding houses where borders
comply with the ordinance for cleanliness as it was stated by one of the respondents.
Two of the respondents said that the boarding house owner where he stays
disallowed him not to spit anywhere within the area.
Meanwhile, half of the respondents (56%) admitted that they comply with the
ordinance when they are on plazas and or sidewalks while 54% of the respondents said
that they comply even though they are walking on the streets.
This is supported by one of the respondents who said that he carry spittoon for
spitting purposes.
As to those who do not comply, 30% of the respondents do not comply with the
ordinance in the streets while 24% of the respondents do not comply with the ordinance
while they are in the plaza, private buildings and sidewalks.
One of the respondents said that he don’t always brought spittoon with him that
he just spit anywhere.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 5. Compliance of the respondents with the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
ORDINANCE CONTENT COMPLY DO NOT COMPLY
No. % No. %
Anti-spitting of “momma” not
limited to any open public places
such as: a. private buildings 34 68 12 24
b. public buildings 33 66 12 22
c. plaza 28 56 12 24
d. sidewalks 28 56 12 24
e. streets 27 54 15 30
*multiple choices
The data shows that the results of the percentages of the respondent’s compliance
are not far each other.
The result also indicates that most of the respondents comply with the anti-
spitting of momma ordinance. However, this was contradicted by the result of the ocular
observation that was conducted by the researcher with the help of other youths of Bontoc
from January 9-12, 2009 (Thursday-Sunday).
For the ocular inspection, the researcher assigned three other youths to spot
violators in areas specified in the ordinance such as public building premises, private
building premises such as private houses and boarding houses, plaza, sidewalk and along
the streets. Due to limited number of volunteers to observe for violators, the place was
limited to the center area of Poblacion, Bontoc, Mt. Province.
According to some of the respondents, most of the “momma” chewers usually
violate the ordinance during early morning and late in the afternoon. With this
information, the researcher, together with the three volunteers, conducted the ocular
inspection from 6:30 to 7:30 in the morning and from 4:30 to 6:30 in the evening.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 6 shows the result of the ocular inspection from January 9 to 12, 2009. In
this study, only the violators were listed since it is hard to spot for non-violators within
the identified areas.
Based on the table, it can be noted that Saturday and Sunday are the days where
there is a poor compliance with the ordinance with 15 and 20 listed violators,
respectively. Based on observation, these days are where most people gather together
which could be factor of having a high number of violators. Few violators were spotted
from Thursday to Friday with only nine and eight listed, respectively.
The researcher, with the other volunteers, observed that some violators are also
the violators in the following days.
Furthermore, based on the raw data gathered, most of these violations were
committed during the late afternoon.
Table 6. Observed violators of the ordinance in Brgy. Poblacion from Thursday to
Sunday through Ocular Inspection
__ NUMBER OF VIOLATORS PER DAYS_______
PLACES
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
_________________________ Number
Number
Number Number
a. Private buildings 0 1 2 4
b. Public buildings 2 0 3 3
c. Plaza 1 1 2 3
d. Sidewalks 3 3 3 5
e. Streets 3 2 5 6
TOTAL 9 8 15 21
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
This observation was strengthened by Mrs. Erlinda when violation usually occurs
during late afternoon towards the night when they (the chewers) know that the
implementing groups are not already roaming around the area. In this case, Mrs. Winifred
Ananayo of Bontoc Women’s Brigade, as supported by the other key informants,
conducts partial inspection at night to apprehend the violators.
Meanwhile, according to one of the respondents, some of these implementing
forces are spying in the plaza. This could be the reason why few violators where noted in
the said area, except for Sunday.
From the ocular observation, the researcher observed that most of the chewers do
not use spittoon for their momma. Instead, they just spit anywhere that causes unsighted
sites especially along the streets.
The observation supports the statement spreading around Bontoc that the old
capital town is now full of rusty red blotches discoloring buildings frontages, and
sidewalks along main road.
To strengthen the observation, pictures were taken. Figure 3 is the unpleasing site
along rising sun terminal (public area) where the passengers spit while waiting for the bus
to go. Figures 4, 4, 6, and 7 show sample of the spotted violators in plaza, sidewalks,
streets and public buildings.
Factors Contributing to the Compliance of the Respondents to the Ordinance
Table shows the factor contributing to the compliance of the respondents to anti-
spitting of momma ordinance.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Result shows that majority 54% of the respondents claimed that influence of
friend/peers is the number one factor contributing to their compliance to the ordinance
and 52% of the respondents claimed that they are forced to comply by the implementing
groups.
One of the key informant said that they gave warnings to the users to avoid
unsanitary sight.
Behavioral could be one of the factors that contribute to the compliance of the
respondents to the ordinance.
Majority (70%) of the respondents claimed that respecting the dignity of there
place is one behavioral factor that contribute to the compliance of the respondents while
44% of the respondents claimed that everybody is adhering to it so they will do it also.
Meanwhile, as to the environmental factor, 80% of the respondents claimed that
they want to contribute in maintaining clean and green environment.
This is supported by the three respondents who said that improper disposal of
momma should be observed within the community.
Furthermore, 64% of the respondents claimed that factor contributing to their
compliance is to have a tourist-friendly town.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 7. Factors contributing to the adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
FACTORS YES NO
No. % No. %
a. Influence of peers/ friends 27 54 6 12
b. Forced by the implementing group 26 52 4 8
Behavioral
a. To respect the dignity of my place 35 70 9 18
b. Everybody is adhering to it so I
will do so 22 40 - -
Environmental
a. For a clean and green environment 40 80 - -
b. Contribute to a tourist-friendly
town 32 4 - -
*Multiple responses
Problem Encountered in Implementing the Ordinance
In the implementing of the anti-spitting of momma ordinance, the enforcing group
encountered problem such as lack of discipline of the community and lack of cooperation
among the community members.
According to Mrs. Bocaycay, the users just spit anywhere at night and some just
leave their spittoon after they use it. Other key informants strongly said that there is lack
of cooperation despite of the repeated warnings given to the community. Also, business
owners and costumers are simply ignoring the said ordinance. This problem encountered
by the enforcing group means that the ordinance is not totally being observed by the
community.
Meanwhile, when interviewed on the problems why the ordinance is being
violated, some of the respondents said that enforcers should discipline first themselves
before disciplining others. This statement of the respondents could imply that some of the
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
implementing groups are being observed by the respondents violating the ordinance
themselves.
Some of the respondents added that police officers who are chewing “momma”
should also be penalized to be fair with the others.
Most of them also wrote that penalty for violation should really be strictly
imposed.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
27
Figure 3. Eyesore site along rising sun terminal
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
28
A
B
C D
Figure 4. Violators of the ordinance A) violator spitting in plaza, B) Violator spitting in
the boarding house, C) are violators spitting in the streets and D) are
violators spitting in the sidewalk.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The awareness of the community on anti-spitting of “momma” ordinance of
Barangay Poblacion Bontoc Mountain Province was conducted to characterize the
respondents, to find out the level of awareness of the respondents, to identify the source
of information of the respondents, to identify the strategies applied by the enforcing
group in the implementation of the ordinance, to find out the level of compliance of the
respondents, to identify the problems encountered by the enforcing group and to solicit
the suggestions of the respondents on the strategies applied by the enforcing group.
The study was conducted from December 2008 to January 2009.
Interview schedule was used to gathered data and ocular inspection. There were
50 respondents, twenty five youth (18-30), twenty five adult (31 and above), and five key
informants.
Almost (80%) of the respondents were male, Majority (58%) were college
graduate and mostly (36.4%) were unemployed.
On the level of awareness of the respondents on the ordinance content, majority
(80%) of the respondents aware on the unlawful spitting and most (60%) of the
respondents were aware on the penalty for violating.
For the source of information of the respondents, majority (72%) of the
respondents is informed on the ordinance through posted in bulletin boards. Strategies
applied by the enforcing group based on the observation of the respondents are the same
with the source of information with (65%).
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Aside from posting the ordinance in bulletin boards, announcing over the
radio, and having it be published in their local publication, the five key informants, who
belong to the enforcing group, shared their other strategies in the implementation of the
ordinance such as personal approach to chewers, seminars and personal inspections.
Most users violate the ordinance towards the end of the day until night. In this
case, ma’am Winifred Ananayo of Bontoc Women’s Brigade, as supported by the other
key informants, conducts partial inspection at night to apprehend the violators.
Majority (72%) of the respondents comply with the ordinance especially when
they are in private buildings. Sixty six percent of the respondents comply when they are
in public buildings while 30 % of the respondents do not comply with the ordinance in
the streets.
As to the factors contributing to the respondents’ compliance with the ordinance,
80% of the respondents said that they want to maintain a clean and green environment
followed by respect to dignity of the placed (70%) and influence of peers (54%).
In the implementation of the anti-spitting of momma ordinance, the enforcing
group encountered problems such as lack of discipline of the community and lack of
cooperation among the community members. Also, business owners and costumers are
simply ignoring the said ordinance.
Meanwhile, when interviewed on the problems why the ordinance is being
violated, some of the respondents said that enforcers should discipline first themselves
and penalty for violation should really be strictly imposed.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. There is high compliance of the ordinance based on the data gathered from the
respondents
2. There is low compliance of the ordinance in the community based on the ocular
inspection.
3. Strategies of the enforcing group affect how the community complies with the
said ordinance.
4. Lack of discipline and cooperation are the problem encountered by the key
informants.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations were formulated:
1. Enforcing group should strictly impose the penalty for violation since it was
found out in the ocular inspection that there is low compliance of the ordinance.
2. Civilian empowerment should be implemented in the area.
3. Implementing forces may consider spying for violators during weekends since
it was found out that there is poor compliance during these days.
4. Enforcing groups should be a model by complying with the ordinance
first before implementing to the community as emphasized by respondents
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS, 2008. Implementing Strategy: Leading effective Execution.Retrieve on
November 10, 2008. http://executiveeducation.wharton.upenn.edu/open-
enrollment/strategy-management-programs/Implementing-Strategy.cfm?
roie=5039&slx=YahooPI
BOCAYCAY, E.2009. Anti-spitting of Momma Ordinance of Poblacion Bontoc
Mountain Province. (Personal Interview).
DACANAY, A.M.2007.Awareness and Compliance of Pedestrians and Drivers to Traffic
Signs in La Trinidad, Benguet.B.S.Thesis. Benguet State University.La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 11-12
DACAWI, R. 2004. Betel nut. Retrieve on November 10, 2008
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2004/05/16/oped/ramon.dacawi.html
JC. 2007. Towns wants momma spotting regulated. Retrieve on November 10, 2008
http/:www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2008/07/10/news/town.wants.moma.regu
lated.html
SALEY, J.B.2008.Sabangan Prohibits “Momma” Spitting. Retrieve on October
27,2008.http://www.baguiocity.com.
SANGUNIANG BAYAN. 2003.Bontoc Sanitation Ordinance. An ordinance prohibiting
the irresponsible spitting of chewed betel nut concoction locally kown as
momma within the limits of Barangay Poblacion,Bontoc and providing
penalties for violation. Extract from the meeting of the Sanguniang Bayan.
Retrieve on November 17, 2008.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
APPENDIX A
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
AWARENESS AND COMPLIANCE OF THE COMMUNITY TO ANTI-SPITTING OF
“MOMMA” ORDINACE OF POBLACION BONTOC,
MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
1. Respondent’s profile
A. Demographic Profile
Name (optional) __________________________________________
Age ____ Sex: _____M ____F
Ethnic Affiliation: ________________
Educational attainment:
_____Elementary Graduate
_____ High school Graduate
_____ College Graduate
Others (specify) ______________________________
Occupation: ______________
11. Awareness on the Content of the Ordinance
Ordinance Content
Aware
Not Aware
Unlawful to indiscriminate spitting of “momma”
Penalties for violation
First offense (PhP 300)
Second offense (PhP 500)
111. Source of Information
1. What is your source of information regarding the said ordinance?
______ posted in bulletin boards
______ through the newspaper
______ through the radio
______ Friends
______ Family members
______ Relatives
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
______ enforcing group (Members of the Sangguniang Bayan, Bontoc Women’s
Brigade, Local Government Unit, Police officers)
Others please specify: ___________________________
1V. Implementing Strategies
A. For the key informants
1. What strategies do you apply in implementing the said ordinance?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. What process do you follow in implementing the ordinance?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. For the Community Respondents
1. Based on your observation, what strategies do the Sangguniang Brgy.
applies in implementing the ordinance in your Community?
______ posting the ordinance in bulleting boards
______ announcing the ordinance over the radio
______ publishing the ordinance in local newspapers
Others please specify:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
V. Compliance of the respondents to the ordinance
Ordinance
Adhere Don’t
Reasons
Anti-spitting of “momma” not
limited to any open public
places such as:
a. streets
b. sidewalks
c. plazas
d. private buildings and
e. public buildings
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
V1. Factors contributing to the adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
1. What factors affects your adherence to the ordinance?
FACTORS
YES
NO
Social
a. Influence of peers/ friends
b. Forced by the implementing group
Others please specify:
Behavioral
a. To respect the dignity of my place
b. Everybody is adhering to it so I will do it
also
Others please specify:
Environmental
a. For a clean and green environment
b. To contribute to a tourist-friendly town
Others please specify:
FOR THE KEY INFORMANTS
1. What is the reason for violating this/these ordinance/s?
2. What are the problems you encounter in implementing the ordinance?
V11. Comments/suggestion on the strategies applied by the local government
_____________________________________________________
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
ARAGON, MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009. Awareness and Compliance of the
Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma” Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc
Mountain Province. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Filmore Y. Awas, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify the respondents’ awareness and compliance
on anti-spitting of momma ordinance, characterize the respondents, find out the level of
awareness of the respondents on the sanitary ordinance content, identify the sources of
information of the respondents on the said ordinance, identify the strategies applied by
the local government unit of Bontoc in implementing the ordinance, find out the level of
compliance of the respondents on the sanitary ordinance, identify the problems in the
implementation of the ordinance and solicit the suggestions and comments of the
respondents on the strategies applied by the local government unit in implementing the
said ordinance.
An interview schedule was used to gather the needed information. There were 50
respondents and five key informants in the study. Tabulation, frequency and percentage
were used to analyze the data.
An ordinance prohibiting the irresponsible spitting of chewed betel nut concoction
locally known as momma within the limits of Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc Mountain
Province and providing penalties was enacted since 2003. Majority of the respondents is
aware on the ordinance content.
Most of the respondents were informed on anti-spitting of momma ordinance
through the posted ordinances in bulletin boards. Majority of the respondents observed
that posting the ordinance in bulletin boards is the number one strategy applied by the
enforcing groups.
Other implementing strategy applied by the implementing group is to conduct
partial inspection at night to apprehend the violators.
As to the compliance to the ordinance, majority of the respondents follow the
ordinance. However, this was contradicted by the result of the ocular observation.
As to the factors contributing to the respondents’ compliance with the ordinance,
majority of the respondents said that they want to maintain a clean and green
environment.
In the implementation of the anti-spitting of momma ordinance, the enforcing
group encountered problem such as lack of discipline of the community and lack of
cooperation among the community members.
There is low compliance of the ordinance in the community based on the ocular
inspection, strategies applied by the enforcing group affect how the community complies
with the said ordinance.
It is therefore, recommended that enforcing group should strictly impose the
penalty for violation since it was found out in the ocular inspection that there is low
compliance of the ordinance.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Earlier tradition echoes that Bontoc was never known comparably with the habits
of its neighboring Ifugao Province of chewing betel nut concoction where even their
ancestors incessantly avoided the practice because of the semi-permanent residue
blotched around the environment. Ironically, such practice is being accepted in this
supposed modern age more particularly in Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc despite the
unsanitary sights of masticated rusty colored mixture spewed indiscriminately anywhere
that is not otherwise occupied.
While this practice may not be prohibited, the chewing of momma is the issue
raised against the growing pain in the neck by the non addicted majority of the people of
Barangay Poblacion,Bontoc, with respect to the dignity of the locality.
To promote sanitation, health, and convenience of its constituents, the Sanguniang
Barangay passed an ordinance prohibiting and penalizing unsanitary acts in Bontoc
starting from August 2003 to present.
This ordinance, also known as the Sanitation Ordinance of Bontoc, strictly
prohibits the indiscriminately spit masticated momma within the metes and bounds of
Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc, not limited to any open public places such as roads, streets,
sidewalks, parks, plazas, walls of private and government buildings, including publicly or
privately installed garbage receptacles.
Any person/s found in violation of this ordinance shall upon apprehension be
punished by a fine, payable to the Barangay Treasurer, of three hundred pesos (PhP 300)
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
for first offense, and by a fine of five hundred pesos (PhP 500) for the succeeding
offenses.
For the implementation of this ordinance, the Bontoc Police Force, any member/s
of the Bontoc Women’s Brigade, and any member/s of the Sangguniang Barangay is/are
authorized as the arresting agents; furthermore, all concerned constituents are deputized
to file complaint with material evidence against a violator/s to any of the authorized
arresting officers.
However, despite this strict implementation, many unsanitary sights caused by
‘momma’ are still widely observed in the area. Many rusty red splotches are discoloring
building frontages, sidewalks along the main road and even the unsightly blots all over
the capital town. Given this, the need to study and analyze the awareness of the
community on the spitting ordinance including their adherence to the said ordinance is of
great importance.
Statement of the Problem
The study was conducted to find out the degree of awareness and compliance of
the respondents on anti-spitting of momma ordinance of Bontoc, Mountain Province.
Specifically, the study intended to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What is the awareness of the respondents on the sanitary ordinance of
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province?
3. What is their source of information regarding the said ordinance?
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
4. What strategies does the local government unit apply in implementing the
ordinance?
5. What is the level of compliance of the respondents on the sanitary
ordinance?
6. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the ordinance?
7. What are their suggestions and comments on the strategies applied by the
local government unit in implementing the said ordinance?
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study is to find out the respondent’s awareness and
compliance of the community on anti-spitting of momma ordinance of Bontoc, Mountain
Province.
The specific objectives were conducted to:
1. Characterize the respondents;
2. Find out the level of awareness of the respondents on the content of the
sanitary ordinance of Bontoc, Mountain Province;
3. Identify the sources of information of the respondents on the said
ordinance;
4. Identify the strategies being applied by the local government unit of
Bontoc, in implementing the said ordinance;
5. Find out the level of compliance of the respondents on the sanitary
ordinance;
6. Identify the problems in the implementation of the ordinance; and
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
7. Solicit their suggestions and comments on the strategies applied by the
local government unit in implementing the said ordinance.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
It is estimated that 10 percent of the world’s population or 200 million people
mostly in the Asia Pacific are into beetle nut chewing regularly. Like tobacco smoking,
dependence and frequency varies (Dacawi, 2004).
Betel nut is said to have been used in ancient Aryuvedic medicine to cure a host
of sufferings, from head to stomach aches, fever and even venereal disease or as
purgative. As in India, it forms part of the social and religious systems of the Ifugaos who
share it, sometimes as an icebreaker, during meetings or when attending rituals. The
chewing ceremony seals the habit, the traditional Ifugaao system of reconciling warring
clans or tribe (Dacawi, 2004).
Time was when it was easy to spot an Ifugao from the rest, even if his teeth or lips
had not yet been tainted red by the practice. It won’t take long for an Ifugao to pull out
his pocket a woven or plastic pouch containing his tribal mark: oblong nuts, green and
heart-shaped betel leaves, a vial of powdered lime and, sometimes, a piece of tobacco
jerky (Dacawi, 2004).
It appears the number of Ifugaos who are still hooked is dwindling, especially among
those who migrated to Baguio where the local government once provided fixed spittoons
at their regular Sunday chatting place within the market (Dacawi, 2004 ).
At the rate the natives of Bontoc, Mountain Province are catching on the habit,
their Ifugao neighbors in the east may soon lose the distinction of being the only major
betel nut-chewing tribe in the Cordillera.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
No longer the tell-tale sign, once limited to the loading spot in Bontoc for
jeepney bound for eastern villages, is spreading around the old capital town…rusty red
splotches are discoloring building frontages, sidewalks along the main road and even the
unsightly blots all over the capital town. To the respect of the locality the anti spitting of
momma was been enacted (Dacawi, 2004).
Betel Nut or “Momma”
The hard nuts from the areca areca catechu is commonly called momma by the
Cordillera tribes who are collectively called Igorots.
The green leaf that is used to wrap the betel quid, comes from the piper betel vine
and is known here as “gawed”. The third ingredient-lime (calcium oxide) or “apog,” is
locally prepared by burning river or seashells on glowing charcoal until they turn white
and powdery.
Momma when used in the ordinance would refer to the mixture of betel nut and
lime wrapped with local vine leaves chewed or masticated sometimes with tobacco
leaves, not swallowed but rather spit out by intervals to reduce the concoction as saliva
accumulates in the chewer’s mouth providing a fluid of rusty red coloration (Sanguniang
Bayan, Bontoc Sanitation Ordinance, 2003).
Chewing of Betel Nut
The more you chew the redder and more potent the mix becomes. Because it
stimulates not only the nervous system but also the salivary glands, forcing you to spit
often to give you chewing room.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Users, however, warn against the probability of its dizzying effect on the
uninitiated (Dacawi, 2004).
Level of Awareness
Awareness comprises a human's perception and cognitive reaction to a condition
or event. Awareness does not necessarily imply understanding, just an ability to be
conscious of; feel or perceive. Awareness requires the ability to totally focus attention on
a task or a certain things. For the issue on anti-spitting of “momma” of Bontoc Mountain
Province, level of awareness is important to know if the community will adhere the
ordinance (Anonymous, 2008).
Source of Information
Information can come from virtually anywhere--personal experiences, books,
articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, tv, radio and the type of information that the
community need that will change depending on the question they are trying to answer.
For the anti-spitting ordinance of Bontoc Mountain Province, source of information are
instructional materials that are posted, members of Sanguniang Barangay or other
concern citizens for the awareness of the community (Anonymous, 2008).
Factors Affecting Awareness
Sources of information like the TV, radio, newspapers and others can affect the
awareness of the community in a certain problem or issues like the anti-spitting of
“momma” of Bontoc Mountain Province, because of the instructional materials that
were posted in the sidewalks, public and private buildings, the community were informed
and adhere the ordinance (Anonymous, 2008).
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Implementing Strategies
Implementing Strategy give a broad view of implementation and through
understanding of each piece of implementation process to make informed decisions on
efficiency and effectiveness in implementing projects or ordinances. For the anti-spitting
of “momma” in Bontoc Mountain Province, Persons who are chewing betel nut are
reminded to avoid spitting anywhere. The local Government wants every person-chewing
momma to bring with them a container where they could spit for sanitation purposes
(Anonymous, 2008).
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in Bontoc, Mountain Province the capital of Mountain
Province. It is about six to seven hours bus ride from Baguio City. It is linked with
Kalinga-Apayao in North through the Bontoc-Kalinga National road towards Banaue.
The town is narrow valley in a strip of land. Its growth and expansion is limited on the
east side of Chico River, which is drainage system of the Province. The total land area is
approximately 36,160 hectares.
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province is chosen as the study area since it is the
first town in Mountain Province to come out an ordinance regarding the spitting of
momma.
The study was conducted from December to January 2009.
Respondents of the Study
There were 50 respondents in the study: 25 youths (18-30) and 25 adults (31 years
old and above). The study had five key informants who are enforcing body as follows:
member of the Sangguniang Barangay, Bontoc Women’s Brigade, Bontoc Police Force,
and other Bontoc- LGU members. The researcher interviewed the respondents personally.
In the study, respondents should be aware that there is an existing ordinance in
their area.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Figure 1. Map of Mountain Province showing the location of the study
Data Collection
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
An interview schedule was used to gather information from the respondents. The
researcher also conducted spot observation as part of knowing the community’s
compliance to the ordinance from January 9-12 2009. To document this further, the
researcher used a digital camera for record purposes.
Data Gathered
The data gathered was on the awareness of the community of Barangay
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province on anti-spitting of momma ordinance.
Data Analysis
The data that was gathered was analyzed and tabulated using frequency counts
and percentage.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Characteristics of the Respondents
Table 1 presents the characteristics of the respondents according to age, sex,
ethnic affiliation, educational attainment and occupation.
As for the 50 respondents, 18-30 years old and 31 and above have equal number
of respondents.
The data show that there is no equal number of female from male respondents.
Majority (80%) of the respondents were male since males, according to elders, have
greater number of betel nut users than females in the area.
For the ethnic affiliation of the respondents, majority (52%) of the respondents
were residents of Bontoc since it where the study conducted.
Education could be factor in understanding the ordinance; thus, educational
attainment of the respondents was considered in the study.
Table shows that all the respondents had formal education that they can read and
write. This would mean that they can read and understand the ordinance well. Majority
(58%) of the respondents were college graduate, while (20%) of the respondents were
high school graduate and (20%) were currently enrolled in college. Among all of the
respondents, only one got as far as elementary level.
Meanwhile, 50% of the respondents claimed to be self-employed (drivers and
farmers) while 20% of the respondents were currently studying when this study was
conducted. Only 10% of the respondents were government employees.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
This result could mean that respondents who were self-employed spend more time
chewing momma basing it from their number in the study. Other occupations of the
respondents were priest and laborer.
Awareness of the Respondents to the Ordinance Content
In the study, all the respondents were aware the there is an existing ordinance
regarding momma; however, some of them were not aware of its content.
Table 1. Characteristics of the respondents
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
18-30
25
50
31 and above
25
50
Sex Male
40
80
Female
10
20
Total
50
100
Ethnic Affiliation
Bontok
26
52
Aplai
11
22
Kankana-ey
5
20
No answer
8
16
Total
50
100
Educational attainment
Elementary Graduate
1
2
High School Graduate
10
20
College Graduate
29
58
Student
10
20
Total
50
100
Occupation
Self-employed
25
50
Student
10
20
Government Employee
5
10
Priest
3
6
Laborer
7
14
Total
50
100
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 2 shows the awareness of the respondents to anti-spitting of ordinance
content of Barangay Poblacion, Bontoc, Mt. Province. It shows here that majority (80%)
of the respondents were aware of the said ordinance while 20% of the respondents are not
much aware.
For the penalties for violating, 60% of the respondents know the penalty of the
first offense and 40% do not know it. Most (54%) o the respondents know the second
succeeding offense while 46% do not know it. This result shows that respondents have
high level of awareness in unlawful spitting of momma with the corresponding penalties.
Awareness, as defined, comprises a human perception and cognitive reaction to a
condition or event. Their awareness, therefore, is important in determining their
compliance with the ordinance.
Table 2. Awareness of the respondents to the ordinance content
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
ORDINANCE CONTENT ______AWARE NOT SO MUCH AWARE
NUMBER PERCENTAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Unlawful to indiscriminate
40 80 10 20
spitting of “momma”
Penalties for violating
First offense (PhP 300) 30 60 20 40
Second and succeeding
Offense (PhP 500) 27 54 23
46
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Sources of Information of the Respondents
Result shows that majority (72%) of the respondents were informed on the anti-
spitting of momma ordinance through the posted ordinances in bulletin boards.
The data also show that radio is still one of the sources of information since radio came in
second with 52%. These stations were Radyo ng Bayan Bontoc and Radyo Natin.
Information through their friends or peers was their third source with 50%.
One of the respondents said that he was just informed that there is an ordinance
through his friends.
Furthermore, respondents’ other sources of information were newspapers, family
members, relatives and the enforcing group.
One of the respondents Mr. Chakwag, said that he was just informed when he
read the ordinance on the sidewalk along main road.
The result shows that there are many sources of information of the respondents on
the said ordinance but most of them were informed by the posted ordinance.
This result shows that respondents are aware of the posted ordinances.
Information can come from virtually anywhere, personal experiences, books, articles,
expert opinion, TV, radio, and any type of information that the community needs
(Anonymous, 2008).
Implementing Strategies According to the Key Informants
Aside from posting the ordinance in bulletin boards, announcing over the radio,
and having it published in their local publication, the five key informants, who belonged
to the enforcing group such as Sangguniang Barangay, Bontoc Women’s Brigade and
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
local Government Unit shared their other strategies in the implementation of the
ordinance.
One of the Barangay Kagawad, Mrs. Erlinda Bocaycay, said that personal
reminders given to the users at daytime even though they are not caught spitting. If the
users violate the ordinance, he will not immediately be penalized. Instead, warnings are
given to him. This statement of Bocaycay contradicts the ordinance content because as
stated in the ordinance, any person found violating the ordinance shall upon apprehension
be punished by fine payable to the Barangay Treasurer, of three hundred pesos for first
offense, and by a fine of five hundred for second and succeeding offenses. A warning
given to the first violation is not included in the ordinance.
Kagawad Bocaycay added that most users violate the ordinance at night because
they are not easily being seen. In this case, Mrs. Winifred Ananayo of the Bontoc
Women’s Brigade, as supported by the other key informants, conducts partial inspection
at night to apprehend the violators.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 3. Source of information of the respondents
SOURCE OF INFORMATION RESPONDENTS (n = 50)
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Posted in bulletin boards
36
72
Through radio
26
52
Through friends
25
50
Enforcing group
21
42
Through the newspaper
10
20
Family members
9
18
Relatives
9
18
*Multiple responses
Implementing Strategies Observed by the Respondents
Table 4 shows the strategies applied by the enforcing groups in implementing the
ordinance in the community based on the observation of the respondents. Majority (72%)
of the respondents claimed that posting the ordinance in bulletin board is the number one
strategy applied by the enforcing group. Announcing over the radio came in second with
52%. According to one key informant, announcing the ordinance over the radio started
since 2005.
Publishing the ordinance in the local newspaper was observed as another strategy
applied as noted by 42% of the respondents.
Meanwhile, two respondents claimed that a seminar was conducted by the local
government unit regarding this ordinance.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
A key informant from the LGU proved this when he said that they once conducted
a seminar regarding the ordinance especially during its approval sometime in 2003.
The result supports the statements of the key informants that these ordinances are
being implemented through radio, local publication and bulletin boards among others.
The data also support the information they provided in their sources of
information because both got the same result.
Table 4. Implementing strategies observed by the respondents
RESPONDENTS (n = 50)
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Posting the ordinance in the bulletin boards
36 72
Announcing the ordinance over the radio
26
52
Publishing the ordinance in local newspaper
21
42
Other: Seminar 2 4
*Multiple responses
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Figure 2. Sample ordinance posted in the municipal office
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Compliance of the Respondents with the Ordinance
Table 5 shows the compliance of the ordinance with the anti-spitting of “momma”
ordinance in open and public places.
The result shows that majority (68%) of the respondents comply with the
ordinance especially when they are in private buildings. Sixty six of the respondents
comply when they are in public buildings. Public buildings as it was used in the study are
where some of the users used to be gathered such as, restaurant beside public market.
Private buildings as it was used in the study are the boarding houses where borders
comply with the ordinance for cleanliness as it was stated by one of the respondents.
Two of the respondents said that the boarding house owner where he stays
disallowed him not to spit anywhere within the area.
Meanwhile, half of the respondents (56%) admitted that they comply with the
ordinance when they are on plazas and or sidewalks while 54% of the respondents said
that they comply even though they are walking on the streets.
This is supported by one of the respondents who said that he carry spittoon for
spitting purposes.
As to those who do not comply, 30% of the respondents do not comply with the
ordinance in the streets while 24% of the respondents do not comply with the ordinance
while they are in the plaza, private buildings and sidewalks.
One of the respondents said that he don’t always brought spittoon with him that
he just spit anywhere.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 5. Compliance of the respondents with the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
ORDINANCE CONTENT COMPLY DO NOT COMPLY
No. % No. %
Anti-spitting of “momma” not
limited to any open public places
such as: a. private buildings 34 68 12 24
b. public buildings 33 66 12 22
c. plaza 28 56 12 24
d. sidewalks 28 56 12 24
e. streets 27 54 15 30
*multiple choices
The data shows that the results of the percentages of the respondent’s compliance
are not far each other.
The result also indicates that most of the respondents comply with the anti-
spitting of momma ordinance. However, this was contradicted by the result of the ocular
observation that was conducted by the researcher with the help of other youths of Bontoc
from January 9-12, 2009 (Thursday-Sunday).
For the ocular inspection, the researcher assigned three other youths to spot
violators in areas specified in the ordinance such as public building premises, private
building premises such as private houses and boarding houses, plaza, sidewalk and along
the streets. Due to limited number of volunteers to observe for violators, the place was
limited to the center area of Poblacion, Bontoc, Mt. Province.
According to some of the respondents, most of the “momma” chewers usually
violate the ordinance during early morning and late in the afternoon. With this
information, the researcher, together with the three volunteers, conducted the ocular
inspection from 6:30 to 7:30 in the morning and from 4:30 to 6:30 in the evening.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 6 shows the result of the ocular inspection from January 9 to 12, 2009. In
this study, only the violators were listed since it is hard to spot for non-violators within
the identified areas.
Based on the table, it can be noted that Saturday and Sunday are the days where
there is a poor compliance with the ordinance with 15 and 20 listed violators,
respectively. Based on observation, these days are where most people gather together
which could be factor of having a high number of violators. Few violators were spotted
from Thursday to Friday with only nine and eight listed, respectively.
The researcher, with the other volunteers, observed that some violators are also
the violators in the following days.
Furthermore, based on the raw data gathered, most of these violations were
committed during the late afternoon.
Table 6. Observed violators of the ordinance in Brgy. Poblacion from Thursday to
Sunday through Ocular Inspection
__ NUMBER OF VIOLATORS PER DAYS_______
PLACES
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
_________________________ Number
Number
Number Number
a. Private buildings 0 1 2 4
b. Public buildings 2 0 3 3
c. Plaza 1 1 2 3
d. Sidewalks 3 3 3 5
e. Streets 3 2 5 6
TOTAL 9 8 15 21
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
This observation was strengthened by Mrs. Erlinda when violation usually occurs
during late afternoon towards the night when they (the chewers) know that the
implementing groups are not already roaming around the area. In this case, Mrs. Winifred
Ananayo of Bontoc Women’s Brigade, as supported by the other key informants,
conducts partial inspection at night to apprehend the violators.
Meanwhile, according to one of the respondents, some of these implementing
forces are spying in the plaza. This could be the reason why few violators where noted in
the said area, except for Sunday.
From the ocular observation, the researcher observed that most of the chewers do
not use spittoon for their momma. Instead, they just spit anywhere that causes unsighted
sites especially along the streets.
The observation supports the statement spreading around Bontoc that the old
capital town is now full of rusty red blotches discoloring buildings frontages, and
sidewalks along main road.
To strengthen the observation, pictures were taken. Figure 3 is the unpleasing site
along rising sun terminal (public area) where the passengers spit while waiting for the bus
to go. Figures 4, 4, 6, and 7 show sample of the spotted violators in plaza, sidewalks,
streets and public buildings.
Factors Contributing to the Compliance of the Respondents to the Ordinance
Table shows the factor contributing to the compliance of the respondents to anti-
spitting of momma ordinance.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Result shows that majority 54% of the respondents claimed that influence of
friend/peers is the number one factor contributing to their compliance to the ordinance
and 52% of the respondents claimed that they are forced to comply by the implementing
groups.
One of the key informant said that they gave warnings to the users to avoid
unsanitary sight.
Behavioral could be one of the factors that contribute to the compliance of the
respondents to the ordinance.
Majority (70%) of the respondents claimed that respecting the dignity of there
place is one behavioral factor that contribute to the compliance of the respondents while
44% of the respondents claimed that everybody is adhering to it so they will do it also.
Meanwhile, as to the environmental factor, 80% of the respondents claimed that
they want to contribute in maintaining clean and green environment.
This is supported by the three respondents who said that improper disposal of
momma should be observed within the community.
Furthermore, 64% of the respondents claimed that factor contributing to their
compliance is to have a tourist-friendly town.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Table 7. Factors contributing to the adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=50)
FACTORS YES NO
No. % No. %
a. Influence of peers/ friends 27 54 6 12
b. Forced by the implementing group 26 52 4 8
Behavioral
a. To respect the dignity of my place 35 70 9 18
b. Everybody is adhering to it so I
will do so 22 40 - -
Environmental
a. For a clean and green environment 40 80 - -
b. Contribute to a tourist-friendly
town 32 4 - -
*Multiple responses
Problem Encountered in Implementing the Ordinance
In the implementing of the anti-spitting of momma ordinance, the enforcing group
encountered problem such as lack of discipline of the community and lack of cooperation
among the community members.
According to Mrs. Bocaycay, the users just spit anywhere at night and some just
leave their spittoon after they use it. Other key informants strongly said that there is lack
of cooperation despite of the repeated warnings given to the community. Also, business
owners and costumers are simply ignoring the said ordinance. This problem encountered
by the enforcing group means that the ordinance is not totally being observed by the
community.
Meanwhile, when interviewed on the problems why the ordinance is being
violated, some of the respondents said that enforcers should discipline first themselves
before disciplining others. This statement of the respondents could imply that some of the
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
implementing groups are being observed by the respondents violating the ordinance
themselves.
Some of the respondents added that police officers who are chewing “momma”
should also be penalized to be fair with the others.
Most of them also wrote that penalty for violation should really be strictly
imposed.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
27
Figure 3. Eyesore site along rising sun terminal
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
28
A
B
C D
Figure 4. Violators of the ordinance A) violator spitting in plaza, B) Violator spitting in
the boarding house, C) are violators spitting in the streets and D) are
violators spitting in the sidewalk.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The awareness of the community on anti-spitting of “momma” ordinance of
Barangay Poblacion Bontoc Mountain Province was conducted to characterize the
respondents, to find out the level of awareness of the respondents, to identify the source
of information of the respondents, to identify the strategies applied by the enforcing
group in the implementation of the ordinance, to find out the level of compliance of the
respondents, to identify the problems encountered by the enforcing group and to solicit
the suggestions of the respondents on the strategies applied by the enforcing group.
The study was conducted from December 2008 to January 2009.
Interview schedule was used to gathered data and ocular inspection. There were
50 respondents, twenty five youth (18-30), twenty five adult (31 and above), and five key
informants.
Almost (80%) of the respondents were male, Majority (58%) were college
graduate and mostly (36.4%) were unemployed.
On the level of awareness of the respondents on the ordinance content, majority
(80%) of the respondents aware on the unlawful spitting and most (60%) of the
respondents were aware on the penalty for violating.
For the source of information of the respondents, majority (72%) of the
respondents is informed on the ordinance through posted in bulletin boards. Strategies
applied by the enforcing group based on the observation of the respondents are the same
with the source of information with (65%).
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Aside from posting the ordinance in bulletin boards, announcing over the
radio, and having it be published in their local publication, the five key informants, who
belong to the enforcing group, shared their other strategies in the implementation of the
ordinance such as personal approach to chewers, seminars and personal inspections.
Most users violate the ordinance towards the end of the day until night. In this
case, ma’am Winifred Ananayo of Bontoc Women’s Brigade, as supported by the other
key informants, conducts partial inspection at night to apprehend the violators.
Majority (72%) of the respondents comply with the ordinance especially when
they are in private buildings. Sixty six percent of the respondents comply when they are
in public buildings while 30 % of the respondents do not comply with the ordinance in
the streets.
As to the factors contributing to the respondents’ compliance with the ordinance,
80% of the respondents said that they want to maintain a clean and green environment
followed by respect to dignity of the placed (70%) and influence of peers (54%).
In the implementation of the anti-spitting of momma ordinance, the enforcing
group encountered problems such as lack of discipline of the community and lack of
cooperation among the community members. Also, business owners and costumers are
simply ignoring the said ordinance.
Meanwhile, when interviewed on the problems why the ordinance is being
violated, some of the respondents said that enforcers should discipline first themselves
and penalty for violation should really be strictly imposed.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. There is high compliance of the ordinance based on the data gathered from the
respondents
2. There is low compliance of the ordinance in the community based on the ocular
inspection.
3. Strategies of the enforcing group affect how the community complies with the
said ordinance.
4. Lack of discipline and cooperation are the problem encountered by the key
informants.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations were formulated:
1. Enforcing group should strictly impose the penalty for violation since it was
found out in the ocular inspection that there is low compliance of the ordinance.
2. Civilian empowerment should be implemented in the area.
3. Implementing forces may consider spying for violators during weekends since
it was found out that there is poor compliance during these days.
4. Enforcing groups should be a model by complying with the ordinance
first before implementing to the community as emphasized by respondents
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS, 2008. Implementing Strategy: Leading effective Execution.Retrieve on
November 10, 2008. http://executiveeducation.wharton.upenn.edu/open-
enrollment/strategy-management-programs/Implementing-Strategy.cfm?
roie=5039&slx=YahooPI
BOCAYCAY, E.2009. Anti-spitting of Momma Ordinance of Poblacion Bontoc
Mountain Province. (Personal Interview).
DACANAY, A.M.2007.Awareness and Compliance of Pedestrians and Drivers to Traffic
Signs in La Trinidad, Benguet.B.S.Thesis. Benguet State University.La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 11-12
DACAWI, R. 2004. Betel nut. Retrieve on November 10, 2008
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2004/05/16/oped/ramon.dacawi.html
JC. 2007. Towns wants momma spotting regulated. Retrieve on November 10, 2008
http/:www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2008/07/10/news/town.wants.moma.regu
lated.html
SALEY, J.B.2008.Sabangan Prohibits “Momma” Spitting. Retrieve on October
27,2008.http://www.baguiocity.com.
SANGUNIANG BAYAN. 2003.Bontoc Sanitation Ordinance. An ordinance prohibiting
the irresponsible spitting of chewed betel nut concoction locally kown as
momma within the limits of Barangay Poblacion,Bontoc and providing
penalties for violation. Extract from the meeting of the Sanguniang Bayan.
Retrieve on November 17, 2008.
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
APPENDIX A
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
AWARENESS AND COMPLIANCE OF THE COMMUNITY TO ANTI-SPITTING OF
“MOMMA” ORDINACE OF POBLACION BONTOC,
MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
1. Respondent’s profile
A. Demographic Profile
Name (optional) __________________________________________
Age ____ Sex: _____M ____F
Ethnic Affiliation: ________________
Educational attainment:
_____Elementary Graduate
_____ High school Graduate
_____ College Graduate
Others (specify) ______________________________
Occupation: ______________
11. Awareness on the Content of the Ordinance
Ordinance Content
Aware
Not Aware
Unlawful to indiscriminate spitting of “momma”
Penalties for violation
First offense (PhP 300)
Second offense (PhP 500)
111. Source of Information
1. What is your source of information regarding the said ordinance?
______ posted in bulletin boards
______ through the newspaper
______ through the radio
______ Friends
______ Family members
______ Relatives
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
______ enforcing group (Members of the Sangguniang Bayan, Bontoc Women’s
Brigade, Local Government Unit, Police officers)
Others please specify: ___________________________
1V. Implementing Strategies
A. For the key informants
1. What strategies do you apply in implementing the said ordinance?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. What process do you follow in implementing the ordinance?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. For the Community Respondents
1. Based on your observation, what strategies do the Sangguniang Brgy.
applies in implementing the ordinance in your Community?
______ posting the ordinance in bulleting boards
______ announcing the ordinance over the radio
______ publishing the ordinance in local newspapers
Others please specify:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
V. Compliance of the respondents to the ordinance
Ordinance
Adhere Don’t
Reasons
Anti-spitting of “momma” not
limited to any open public
places such as:
a. streets
b. sidewalks
c. plazas
d. private buildings and
e. public buildings
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
V1. Factors contributing to the adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
1. What factors affects your adherence to the ordinance?
FACTORS
YES
NO
Social
a. Influence of peers/ friends
b. Forced by the implementing group
Others please specify:
Behavioral
a. To respect the dignity of my place
b. Everybody is adhering to it so I will do it
also
Others please specify:
Environmental
a. For a clean and green environment
b. To contribute to a tourist-friendly town
Others please specify:
FOR THE KEY INFORMANTS
1. What is the reason for violating this/these ordinance/s?
2. What are the problems you encounter in implementing the ordinance?
V11. Comments/suggestion on the strategies applied by the local government
_____________________________________________________
Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-Spitting of “Momma”
Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc Mountain Province. ARAGON,
MAUREEN P. 0CTOBER 2009.
Document Outline
- Awareness and Compliance of theCommunity to Anti-Spitting of �Momma� Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in BontocMountain Province
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES