BIBLIOGRAPHY PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009. Growth and Flowering of Medinilla
(Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting Media Compositions. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of the different potting media mixture
on the growth and flowering of medinilla; to identify the potting media mixture best suited for
the culture of potted medinilla plants; and to determine the economics of using the different
potting media compositions for potted medinilla production.
The different potting media compositions used in growing medinilla plants were: 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost, 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1:1alnus
compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost +
cattle manure, and 1:1:1 garden soil + alnus compost + cattle manure.
Results show that using 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media for medinilla
plants promoted the production of highest number of laterals at four months from transplanting
and had the lowest cost of production.
Plants grown in 1:1:1:1 Alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure as
potting media had the lowest gross income had the highest cost of production; the lowest net
income and the lowest return on investment (ROI) of only 46.53%.
1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + lumber cattle manure as potting media promoted
the production of the thickest stems, the tallest plants at flowering, the highest number of leaves
per plant at flowering, the longest pendulous flower panicle, the highest net income of Php
5,350.00 and the highest ROI of 115.05%.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………..
i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….
i
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………….
ii
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE …………………………………………………..
3
Cuttings as Propagules……………………………………………………
3
Importance of organic matter in the Growing Media. …………………..
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………..
6
Materials…………………………………………………………………...
6
Methods……………………………………………………………………
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………..
10
Plant Height at Flowering (50% anthesis) (cm)…………………………...
10
Stem Thickness (cm)……………………………………………………...
10
Number of Leaves at Flowering (50% anthesis)………………………......
11
Number of Laterals After Four Months from Transplanting………………. 11
Number of Days from Visible Flower Bud
Initiation to 50% Anthesis………………………………………………….
13
Length of Pendulous Flower Panicle at 50% Anthesis (cm)……………...
13
Aesthetic duration of Flowers from 25% Anthesis to the Onset of 15
Senescence………………………………………………………………….
Cost and Return Analysis…………………………………………………..
15
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary…………………………………………………………………...
18
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 18
Recommendation…………………………………………………………...
19
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………...
20
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………
22
INTRODUCTION
Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) belongs to the family Melastomataceae
Juss. This erect shrub stands 6 ft. (1.8m) tall is usually found as terrestrial plant in its
Philippine homeland. Its stems may be ribbed or even winged and its rich glossy green
leaves grow to about 12 inches (30 cm) long and have obvious paler veins. Its small pink
flowers are produced throughout spring and summer in long pendulous panicles to 18
inches (45 cm); these are made even more obvious because of the large pink bracts
attached to the flower clusters (Arora, 1992).
Adriance and Brison (1955) stated that most species only grow outdoors in the
tropics. They can be cultivated as greenhouse and houseplant, but it cannot tolerate
winter minimums below 640F (180C). The plants are usually grown in rich, moist, well-
drained, humus-rich soil in partial shade. They need regular watering and feeding during
the growing season. It can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. The exotic pink flower
heads can reach up to 50 cm in length hanging down from the main plant. In addition, the
plant has large and oval dark green leaves with light veining. Truly, it is an incredible
house plant.
Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants, native to tropical
regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70
species) and Southern Asia to the Western Pacific Ocean Islands. The genus was named
after Ide Medinilla, governor of the Mariana Islands in 1820 (Ingles, 1994).
They are evergreen shrubs on lianas with leaves that are opposite or whorled or
alternate in some species. The flowers are white or pink which are produced in large
panicles. The following are some selected species of Medinilla: Medinilla arboricola
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
2
China, Medinilla assomica China, Medinilla cumigii Philippines, Medinilla erthrophylla
China, Nepal Medinilla fengii China, Medinilla foresana, China, Medinilla himalayana
China, Medinilla magnifica, Philippines, Medinilla multiflora, Philippines, Medinilla
venosa Indonesia and Philippines (Arora, 1992).
Due to the economic potential and aesthetic value of potted plants, it is important
to study the appropriate potting media for the growth and flowering of Medinilla grown
in containers.
The study aimed to:
1. To determine the effect of different potting media mixtures on the growth and
flowering of Medinilla.
2. To identify the potting media mixture, best suited for the culture of potted
medinilla plants.
3. To determine the economics of using the different potting media compositions
for potted Medinilla production.
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet
State University La Trinidad, Benguet, from January – June 2009.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cuttings as Propagules
The use of terminal shoot tip cuttings is from 3 – 5 inches in length and should
have 6-8 leaves on the terminal shoot (McDaniel, 1982). Stem cuttings used are with
lateral or terminal buds (Bautista et al. 1983) which are capable of developing
adventitious roots as its basal portion eventually producing a plant.
Hartman and Kester (1968 and 1975), stated that soft wood cuttings generally root
easier and quicker than hard wood cuttings because they readily respond to treatments
with root promoting substances. They stated further that stem cuttings in the most
practical and economical method of propagating ornamental shrubs.
Importance of Organic Matter in the Growing Media
Brady (1984) as cited by Allan (1999) mentioned that organic matter is composed
of living or dead plants and animal residues which are very active and important portion
of the soilage. They protect soil against erosion, supplies cementing substances for
desirable aggregation formation and it loosens the soil to provide better aeration and
water movement.
He further considered that farm manures are degraded plant materials and they
tend to increase the yield of crops. The nutrient elements taken by animal manures are
valuable sources of both macro element and micro element.
Organic matter in the soil, perform several functions such as prevention of the
loss of nutrients by forming complexes with the nutrients elements, facilities absorption
and perculation of water into through the soil. Thus, increasing water holding ability and
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
4
reducing erosion also source of nutrient elements, and improves the penetration of roots
through the soil by good structure brought by its decomposition (Bautista, 1993).
Thompson and Troeh (1978) claimed that the nutrients released from a well-
rooted compost is probably better balanced and regulated than that from fresh manure
whereby gardeners can therefore apply larger amounts of compost than the use of fresh
manures. Without danger of injuring plants they added the use of compost also results in
humus formation and promotes good soil structure. Compost also supply nutrients such
as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur which are essential for plant growth.
Compost encourages the formation of vigorous roots, which in turn produce a
healthy plant, one which is capable of taking in more food and water (Jankowiak, 1978).
Whole ricehull are moderately resistant to decomposition. They hold little water
and improve aeration. They are useful light weight component of mixes for orchids and
are also to increase the porosity of bending mixture based on peat. Ricehull provides a
light to medium texture with good aeration and also does not affect soil PH. Ricehull are
good as soil amendments especially in heavy clay soils. He further stated that maximum
effectiveness is obtained when ricehull is more than 20 percent by volume of potting
mixtures (Einert, 1972).
Sawdust is a good bedding soil mixture material since it absorbs liquid and a good
soil conditioner. He further stated that sawdust is composed of 4lbs. of nitrogen, 21lbs
phosphorus and 4 lbs of potassium per ton of materials on an oven dry weight bases
(Donahue, 1971).
In the 1994, Oryan found that 1:1:1:1 part weight of garden soil, horse manure,
sand and compost greatly improved the vegetative growth and flowering of African
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
5
violets grown in pots under partial shade. The media mixture of 1:1:1 part of horse
manure, garden soil and compost produced the tallest plants and had the higher leaf count
at anthesis and initiated flower bud earlier in Chrysanthemum (Acop, 1987).
Micklay (1990) found that 1:1:1:1 part by weight of garden soil, horse manure,
sand and compost had greatly improved the vegetative growth and reproductive ability of
geranium plants.
He also found that a media of 1:1:1 alnus, compost and garden soil, significantly
improved the vegetative growth of impatients and produced taller plants (Gawaban,
1999).
Cabalo (2001) recommended that a mixture of 1:1:1:1 sand + sawdust + ricehull +
cow manure will promote thicker stems, bigger cyme diameter, longer aesthetic duration
and high return on investments in Milflores.
Media composition 1:1:1:1 garden soil + coco fiber + coco soil + horse manure as
a growing media for white Calla recommended for improved growth, earlier flowering
and higher quality cutflowers and big sized corms with a return on investment of
213.11% (Sumakey, 2004).
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used in this study were one year old established plants of Medinilla
without flowers at transplanting; about 25 – 30 cm in length, polyethylene bags 7 x 11
inch, ricehull, lumber saw dust, alnus compost, fully decomposed cattle manure,
Osmocote 14-14-14 fertilizer, and labeling materials.
Methods
The study was laid out following the simple completely randomized design
(CRD). There were 3 sample plants per treatment, replicated three times.
The plants were grown under open field conditions in black plastic bags. Routine
management operations such as weeding, fertilizer application, and irrigation were
applied uniformly to all test plants.
The different potting media compositions which served as treatments were as
follows:
T0 – 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost (farmers practice)
T1 – 2:1:1
alnus compost + ricehull + cattle manure
T2 – 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber saw dust + ricehull + cattle manure
T3 – 1:1:1
lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure
T4 – 1:1:1
garden soil (sandy loam) + alnus compost + cattle manure
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
7
The data gathered were the following:
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Plant height at flowering (50% anthesis). This was taken by measuring the
height of the plant from the base to the tip of the flower in cm. at flowering.
2. Stem thickness (cm). This was taken by measuring the thickness of the main
stem 6 cm. from the base of the plant with the use of a vernier calipher.
3. Leaf number at flowering (50% anthesis). This was obtained by counting the
number of leaves per plant at flowering.
4. Number of laterals after 4 months from transplanting. This was obtained by
counting the number of laterals after 4 months from transplanting.
B. Reproductive Growth
1. Number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50% anthesis. This was
obtained by counting the number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50%
anthesis of the flower panicle.
C. Flower quality
1. Length of the pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis. This was taken by
measuring the length of the whole flower panicle at 50% anthesis.
2. Aesthetic duration of the flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of senescence.
This was obtained by counting the number of days from 25% anthesis to the onset of
senescence.
D. Cost and return analysis. The cost and return analysis of the different media treatments
was obtained by using the formula:
ROI = Gross Income – Total Expenses x 100
Total Expenses
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
8
E. Photo documentation of the study. Pictures were taken from the experimental area at
visible flower bud formation, and 4 months from transplanting.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
9
Fig.1. Documentation of the study at flower bud formation
Fig.2. Documentation of the study after four months from transplanting
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative Growth
Plant Height at Flowering (50% Anthesis)
Highly significant differences were noted on the plant height of medinilla at
flowering as affected by the different potting media compositions. Plants grown in 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost and in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle
manure produced the tallest among the other potting media treatments with 42.72 cm
and 40.78 cm, respectively. While plants grown in potting media with 1:1:1:1 alnus
compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure produced the smallest medinilla
plants with 27.11 cm.
These findings show that the use of 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost and 1:1:1
sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure as potting media compositions can produce
taller medinilla plants at flowering.
Stem Thickness
Table 2 shows highly significant differences on the stem thickness of medinilla
plants as affected by the different potting media compositions. Medinilla plants grown in
1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure produced the thickest stem with
1.07 cm while medinilla plants grown in 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure
and 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure produced the
thinnest stems with 0.70 cm and 0.72 cm, respectively.
These findings show that the use of 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost +
cattle manure as potting media can promote the production of thicker medinilla stems
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
11
compared to the other potting media compositions used.
Number of Leaves at Flowering (50% anthesis)
Table 3 shows significant differences on the number of leaves at flowering of
medinilla as affected by the different potting media compositions. It was noted that plants
grown in potting media with 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure and
in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost had the highest number of leaves at flowering (50%
anthesis) with 54 and 49 leaves.
These findings show that the effect of potting media with 1:1:1 lumber sawdust +
alnus compost + cattle manure on medinilla plants in terms on the number of leaves at
flowering was better as compared to the other potting media compositions used.
Number of Laterals After Four (4) Months from Transplanting
Table 4 shows highly significant differences on the number of laterals of
Table 1. Plant height at flowering (50% anthesis) of Medinilla as affected by different
potting media
TREATMENT
HEIGHT
(cm)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
42.72a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
29.11c
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
27.11c
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
40.78a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
35.17b
CV (%)
13.92
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
12
Table 2. Stem thickness of Medinilla as affected by different potting media STEM
TREATMENT
THICKNESS
(cm)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
0.97b
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
0.70c
1:1:1:11:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
0.72c
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
1.07a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
0.93b
CV (%)
10.28
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 3. Leaf number at flowering (50% anthesis) of Medinilla as affected by different
potting media
TREATMENT
LEAF
NUMBER
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
49a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
39b
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
34b
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
54a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
40b
CV (%)
16.19
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level of by DMRT
medinilla plants four months from transplanting as affected by the different potting media
compositions. Medinilla plants grown in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost produced the
highest number of laterals after four months from transplanting among the different
potting media compositions with 21 laterals, while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
13
+ lumber sawdust + rice hul + cat le manure produced the lowest number of laterals with only 9
laterals.
The findings show that 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost is the best potting media
for growing medinilla plants in terms of the number of laterals produced per plant after
four months from transplanting.
Reproductive Growth
Number of Days from Visible Flower Bud Initiation to 50% Anthesis
There were no significant differences noted on the number of days from visible
flower bud initiation to 50% anthesis in medinilla plants as affected by the different
potting media compositions (Table 5). Flower development in medinilla plants from
flower panicle initiation to 50% anthesis was from 25 days to 36 days. Plants grown in
1:1 garden soil + alnus compost developed their flower buds to 50% anthesis
significantly later; while plants grown in 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure
developed their flower buds to 50% anthesis the earliest.
Flower Quality
Length of the Pendulous Flower Panicle at 50% Anthesis
Table 6 shows significant differences on the length of the pendulous flower
panicle at 50 % anthesis of medinilla plants as affected by the different potting media
compositions. Plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure as
potting media produced the longest pendulous flower panicles at 50% anthesis with a
mean of 23.67 cm long; while those grown in 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
14
Table 4. Number of laterals after four months from transplanting of Medinilla as affected
by different potting media
NUMBER
TREATMENT
OF
LATERALS
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
21a
2:1:1(Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
13c
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
9d
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
18b
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
14c
CV (%)
20.14
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Table 5. Number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50 % anthesis of Medinilla
as affected by different potting media
FLOWER
TREATMENT
BUD
INITIATION
(Days)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
36a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
25a
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
28a
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
31a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
31a
CV (%)
17.06
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
15
manure and in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure as
potting media had the shortest pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis with 12.94 cm.
Aesthetic Duration of the Flowers from 25%
Anthesis to the Onset of Senescence
There were no significant differences noted on the aesthetic duration of the
flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of senescence of medinilla plants as affected by
the different potting media compositions (Table 7). It was noted that the aesthetic
durations of the flowers ranged from 24 to 43 days.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 8 shows the gross income, net income, expenses, and ROI (%) of
medinilla plants as affected by the different potting media compositions. Medinilla plants
Table 6. Length of the pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis as affected by different
potting media
TREATMENT
LENGTH
(cm)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
22.17b
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
12.94c
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
13.67c
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
23.67a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
22.56b
CV (%)
24.18
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
16
Table 7. Aesthetic duration of the flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of senescence
of Medinilla as affected by different potting media
TREATMENT
DURATION
(Days)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
39a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
43a
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
34a
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
24a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
35a
CV (%)
21.83
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Table 8. Cost and return analysis for 100 potted medinilla plants
GROSS
NET
TREATMENT
INCOME EXPENSES INCOME ROI (%) RANK
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
1:1Garden Soil +
9,400.00
4,450.00
4,950.00
111.24
2
Alnus Compost
2:1:1Alnus Compost
8,100.00
4,850.00
3,250.00
67.10
4
+ Rice Hull +
Cattle Manure
1:1:1:1 Alnus
7,400.00
5,050.00
2,350.00
46.53
5
Compost +
Lumber
Sawdust + Rice
Hull + Cattle
Manure
1:1:1 Lumber
10,000.00
4,650.00
5,350.00
115.05
1
sawdust +
Alnus Compost
+ Cattle
Manure
1:1:1 Garden soil +
9,400.00
4,850.00
4,550.00
93.81
3
Alnus Compost
+ Cattle
Manure
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
17
grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure had the highest gross
income of php10, 000.00 while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust
+ rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest gross income of php7,400. On the other hand,
plants grown in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost had the lowest expenses of only Php
4,450 while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle
manure had the highest expenses of php 5,050.00 for 100 potted medinilla plants.
Medinilla plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure
gained the highest net income of Php 5,350.00 while; those grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus
compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest net income of Php
2,350.00. Results show that plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost +
cattle manure as potting media had the highest ROI of 115.05%; while medinilla plants
grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure had the
lowest ROI of 46.53%.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
18
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of the different potting media
mixtures on the growth and flowering of medinilla; to identify the potting media mixture
best suited for the culture of potted medinilla plants; and to determine the economics of
using the different potting media compositions for the potted medinilla plants.
The different potting media compositions used in medinilla plants were 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost, 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1:1
alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1 lumber sawdust +
alnus compost + cattle manure, and 1:1:1 garden soil + alnus compost + cattle manure.
Medinilla plants grown in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media had
the highest number of laterals four months from transplanting and had the lowest cost of
production.
Growing medinilla in a media mixture of 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust
+ rice hull + cattle manure had produced the lowest gross income, had the highest cost of
production, lowest income and the lowest ROI of only 46.53%.
Growing medinilla in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure as
potting media produced the thickest stems, tallest plants at flowering, the highest number
of leaves at flowering, the longest pendulous flower panicle, the highest net income and
the highest ROI.
Conclusions
Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn:
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
19
1. 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media of medinilla plants promoted
the production of the higher number of laterals four months from transplanting and had
the lowest expenses. In terms of gross income, plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost +
lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest gross income, the highest cost
of production, lowest net income and lowest ROI. Growing medinilla in 1:1:1 lumber
sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure had the thickest stems, the tallest plants at
flowering, the highest number of leaves at flowering, the longest pendulous flower
panicle had the highest net income and the highest ROI of 115.05%.
2. The best potting media mixture suited for the culture of medinilla plants was:
1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure.
3. Growing medinilla plants in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media
had the lowest expenses, growing plants in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust +
rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest gross income, and the highest expenses; the
lowest income and the lowest ROI; while plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus
compost + cattle manure had the highest net income and the highest ROI.
Recommendations
Based on the findings, it is best to grow medinilla in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus
compost + cattle manure since it has the highest net income of Php 5,350.00 and ROI of
115.05 % compared to the other media mixtures.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
20
LITERATURE CITED
ACOP, C. C. 1987. Different potting media on the growth and flowering of
Chrysanthemum morifolium, Taiwan Yellow. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 25.
ADRIANCE, G. W. and F. R. BRISON. 1955. Propagation of Horticultural Plants. New
York: Mc Graw – Hill Book Co., Inc. P. 131
ARORA, J. J. 1992. Introductory to Ornamental Horticulture. New Delhi, India: Kalyang
Publ. P. 136
ALLAN, B. 1999. Response of rose (Rosahybrida) to different potting media
composition. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 36.
BAUTISTA, O. K., H. B. VALMAYOR, P. C. TABORA and R. R. C. ESPINO. 1983.
Introduction to Tropical Horticulture UPLB, Los Baños, Laguna. Pp. 134-140.
BAUTISTA, O.K. 1993. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. University of the
Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna. P. 256.
CABALO, C.F. 2001. Growth and flowering of milflores (Hydrangea macrophylla) as
affected by different potting media compositions. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet P. 19.
DONAHUE, R. L. ROBERTSON, L.S. and J.C. SHICLUNA. 1971. An Introduction to
Soils and Plant Growth. Third Edition. Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey. Pp. 423-
424.
EINERT, A. E. 1972. Performance of Ricehulls Media for Plant Aster Lilies under Three
Farming Systems. Hort. Sci. Pp. 60 – 61.
GAWABAN, J. B. 1999. Response of containers grown impatients sultanii to different
potting media. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet P. 18.
HARTMAN, H. T. and D. E. KESTER. 1968. Plant Propagation Principles and
Practices. New Delhi. India: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Pp. 305-507.
HARTMAN, H. T. and D. E. KESTER. 1975. Plant Propagation Principles and
Practices. New Delhi. India: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd Pp. 265-266.
INGLES, J. L. 1994. Ornamental Horticulture: Science Operation and Management.
Second edition. New York: Delmar Publisher Inc. P. 316
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
21
JANKOWIAK J. 1978. The Prosperous Gardener. A Guide to Gardening the Organic
Way. Rodale Press Emmans. P.A.
MICKLAY, J.B. 1990. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of
geranium. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 10.
SUMAKEY E.G., JR. 2004. Effect of potting media on the growth and flowering of corn
yield of white calla (Zanthedeshia sp.). BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet.
THOMPSON, L.M. and F. R. TROEH. 1978. Soils and Soil Fertility. Fourth Edition.
McGraw – Hill, Inc. New York. P. 232.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
22
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant height at flowering (50% anthesis)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
47.5
35.33
45.33
128.16
42.72
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
34.33 23.50
29.50
87.33
29.11
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
31.00 23.00
27.33
81.33
27.11
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
35.00 41.33
46.00
122.33
40.78
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
35.50 34.33
35.67
105.50
35.17
TOTAL
183.33 157.49 183.83
524.65
MEAN
36.67 31.50
36.77
34.98
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
569.813
142.453
6.01**
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
237.242
23.724
Error
TOTAL
14
807.054
** - highly significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 13.92
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
23
Appendix Table 2. Stem thickness (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
1.00
0.97
0.93
2.90
0.97
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
0.60
0.77
0.73
2.10
0.70
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
0.83
0.60
0.73
2.16
0.72
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
1.03
1.10
1.07
3.20
1.07
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
1.07
0.93
0.80
2.80
0.93
TOTAL
4.53
4.37
4.26
13.16
MEAN
0.91
0.87
0.85
0.87
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
TABULATED F
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
0.309
0.077
9.23**
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
0.084
0.008
Error
TOTAL
14
0.393
** - highly significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 10.28
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
24
Appendix Table 3. Leaf number at flowering (50% anthesis)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
43
60
44
147
49
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
34
43
40
117
39
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
41
35
26
102
34
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
56
46
60
162
54
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
40
35
45
120
40
TOTAL
214
219
215
648
MEAN
43
44
43
43.33
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
788.400
197.100
4.006*
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
492.000
49.200
Error
TOTAL
14
1280.400
* - significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 16.19
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
25
Appendix Table 4. Number of laterals after four months from transplanting
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
17
25
20
63
21
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
8
13
17
38
13
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
9
8
11
28
9
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
19
19
16
55
18
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
15
12
16
43
14
TOTAL
69
77
80
226
MEAN
14
15
16
15
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
237.333
59.333
6.40**
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
92.667
9.267
Error
TOTAL
14
330.000
** - highly significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 20.14
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
26
Appendix Table 5. Number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50 % anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
39
37
33
109
36
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
26
28
21
74
25
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
25
30
28
83
28
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
38
28
27
93
31
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
22
32
38
92
31
TOTAL
150
155
147
450
MEAN
30
31
29
30
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
0.05
0.01
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
Treatment
4
215.733
53.933
2.059ns
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
262.000
26.200
Error
TOTAL
14
477.733
ns - not significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 17.06
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
27
Appendix Table 6. Length of the pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1;1 GS + AC
18.50 26.00
22.00
66.50
22.17
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
14.33 13.50
11.00
38.83
12.94
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
14.50 10.50
16.00
41.00
13.67
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
25.67 29.33
16.00
71.00
23.67
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
16.00 25.00
26.67
67.67
22.56
TOTAL
89
104.33
91.67
285.00
MEAN
17.80 20.87
18.33
19.00
GS – Garden soil RH - Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
0.05
0.01
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
Treatment
4
328.749
82.187
3.894*
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
211.086
21.109
Error
TOTAL
14
539.836
* - significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 24.18
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
28
Appendix Table 7. Aesthetic duration of the flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of
senescence
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
41
42
34
117
39
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
45
39
47
130
43
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
30
37
35
102
34
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
26
23
24
73
24
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
20
35
51
106
35
TOTAL
162
176
191
527
MEAN
32
35
38
35
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
0.05
0.01
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
Treatment
4
616.933
154.233
2.641ns
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
584.000
58.400
Error
TOTAL
14
1200.933
ns - not significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 21.83
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009. Growth and Flowering of Medinilla
(Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting Media Compositions. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of the different potting media mixture
on the growth and flowering of medinilla; to identify the potting media mixture best suited for
the culture of potted medinilla plants; and to determine the economics of using the different
potting media compositions for potted medinilla production.
The different potting media compositions used in growing medinilla plants were: 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost, 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1:1alnus
compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost +
cattle manure, and 1:1:1 garden soil + alnus compost + cattle manure.
Results show that using 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media for medinilla
plants promoted the production of highest number of laterals at four months from transplanting
and had the lowest cost of production.
Plants grown in 1:1:1:1 Alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure as
potting media had the lowest gross income had the highest cost of production; the lowest net
income and the lowest return on investment (ROI) of only 46.53%.
1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + lumber cattle manure as potting media promoted
the production of the thickest stems, the tallest plants at flowering, the highest number of leaves
per plant at flowering, the longest pendulous flower panicle, the highest net income of Php
5,350.00 and the highest ROI of 115.05%.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………..
i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….
i
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………….
ii
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE …………………………………………………..
3
Cuttings as Propagules……………………………………………………
3
Importance of organic matter in the Growing Media. …………………..
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………..
6
Materials…………………………………………………………………...
6
Methods……………………………………………………………………
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………..
10
Plant Height at Flowering (50% anthesis) (cm)…………………………...
10
Stem Thickness (cm)……………………………………………………...
10
Number of Leaves at Flowering (50% anthesis)………………………......
11
Number of Laterals After Four Months from Transplanting………………. 11
Number of Days from Visible Flower Bud
Initiation to 50% Anthesis………………………………………………….
13
Length of Pendulous Flower Panicle at 50% Anthesis (cm)……………...
13
Aesthetic duration of Flowers from 25% Anthesis to the Onset of 15
Senescence………………………………………………………………….
Cost and Return Analysis…………………………………………………..
15
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary…………………………………………………………………...
18
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 18
Recommendation…………………………………………………………...
19
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………...
20
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………
22
INTRODUCTION
Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica Lindi) belongs to the family Melastomataceae
Juss. This erect shrub stands 6 ft. (1.8m) tall is usually found as terrestrial plant in its
Philippine homeland. Its stems may be ribbed or even winged and its rich glossy green
leaves grow to about 12 inches (30 cm) long and have obvious paler veins. Its small pink
flowers are produced throughout spring and summer in long pendulous panicles to 18
inches (45 cm); these are made even more obvious because of the large pink bracts
attached to the flower clusters (Arora, 1992).
Adriance and Brison (1955) stated that most species only grow outdoors in the
tropics. They can be cultivated as greenhouse and houseplant, but it cannot tolerate
winter minimums below 640F (180C). The plants are usually grown in rich, moist, well-
drained, humus-rich soil in partial shade. They need regular watering and feeding during
the growing season. It can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. The exotic pink flower
heads can reach up to 50 cm in length hanging down from the main plant. In addition, the
plant has large and oval dark green leaves with light veining. Truly, it is an incredible
house plant.
Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants, native to tropical
regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70
species) and Southern Asia to the Western Pacific Ocean Islands. The genus was named
after Ide Medinilla, governor of the Mariana Islands in 1820 (Ingles, 1994).
They are evergreen shrubs on lianas with leaves that are opposite or whorled or
alternate in some species. The flowers are white or pink which are produced in large
panicles. The following are some selected species of Medinilla: Medinilla arboricola
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
2
China, Medinilla assomica China, Medinilla cumigii Philippines, Medinilla erthrophylla
China, Nepal Medinilla fengii China, Medinilla foresana, China, Medinilla himalayana
China, Medinilla magnifica, Philippines, Medinilla multiflora, Philippines, Medinilla
venosa Indonesia and Philippines (Arora, 1992).
Due to the economic potential and aesthetic value of potted plants, it is important
to study the appropriate potting media for the growth and flowering of Medinilla grown
in containers.
The study aimed to:
1. To determine the effect of different potting media mixtures on the growth and
flowering of Medinilla.
2. To identify the potting media mixture, best suited for the culture of potted
medinilla plants.
3. To determine the economics of using the different potting media compositions
for potted Medinilla production.
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet
State University La Trinidad, Benguet, from January – June 2009.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cuttings as Propagules
The use of terminal shoot tip cuttings is from 3 – 5 inches in length and should
have 6-8 leaves on the terminal shoot (McDaniel, 1982). Stem cuttings used are with
lateral or terminal buds (Bautista et al. 1983) which are capable of developing
adventitious roots as its basal portion eventually producing a plant.
Hartman and Kester (1968 and 1975), stated that soft wood cuttings generally root
easier and quicker than hard wood cuttings because they readily respond to treatments
with root promoting substances. They stated further that stem cuttings in the most
practical and economical method of propagating ornamental shrubs.
Importance of Organic Matter in the Growing Media
Brady (1984) as cited by Allan (1999) mentioned that organic matter is composed
of living or dead plants and animal residues which are very active and important portion
of the soilage. They protect soil against erosion, supplies cementing substances for
desirable aggregation formation and it loosens the soil to provide better aeration and
water movement.
He further considered that farm manures are degraded plant materials and they
tend to increase the yield of crops. The nutrient elements taken by animal manures are
valuable sources of both macro element and micro element.
Organic matter in the soil, perform several functions such as prevention of the
loss of nutrients by forming complexes with the nutrients elements, facilities absorption
and perculation of water into through the soil. Thus, increasing water holding ability and
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
4
reducing erosion also source of nutrient elements, and improves the penetration of roots
through the soil by good structure brought by its decomposition (Bautista, 1993).
Thompson and Troeh (1978) claimed that the nutrients released from a well-
rooted compost is probably better balanced and regulated than that from fresh manure
whereby gardeners can therefore apply larger amounts of compost than the use of fresh
manures. Without danger of injuring plants they added the use of compost also results in
humus formation and promotes good soil structure. Compost also supply nutrients such
as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur which are essential for plant growth.
Compost encourages the formation of vigorous roots, which in turn produce a
healthy plant, one which is capable of taking in more food and water (Jankowiak, 1978).
Whole ricehull are moderately resistant to decomposition. They hold little water
and improve aeration. They are useful light weight component of mixes for orchids and
are also to increase the porosity of bending mixture based on peat. Ricehull provides a
light to medium texture with good aeration and also does not affect soil PH. Ricehull are
good as soil amendments especially in heavy clay soils. He further stated that maximum
effectiveness is obtained when ricehull is more than 20 percent by volume of potting
mixtures (Einert, 1972).
Sawdust is a good bedding soil mixture material since it absorbs liquid and a good
soil conditioner. He further stated that sawdust is composed of 4lbs. of nitrogen, 21lbs
phosphorus and 4 lbs of potassium per ton of materials on an oven dry weight bases
(Donahue, 1971).
In the 1994, Oryan found that 1:1:1:1 part weight of garden soil, horse manure,
sand and compost greatly improved the vegetative growth and flowering of African
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
5
violets grown in pots under partial shade. The media mixture of 1:1:1 part of horse
manure, garden soil and compost produced the tallest plants and had the higher leaf count
at anthesis and initiated flower bud earlier in Chrysanthemum (Acop, 1987).
Micklay (1990) found that 1:1:1:1 part by weight of garden soil, horse manure,
sand and compost had greatly improved the vegetative growth and reproductive ability of
geranium plants.
He also found that a media of 1:1:1 alnus, compost and garden soil, significantly
improved the vegetative growth of impatients and produced taller plants (Gawaban,
1999).
Cabalo (2001) recommended that a mixture of 1:1:1:1 sand + sawdust + ricehull +
cow manure will promote thicker stems, bigger cyme diameter, longer aesthetic duration
and high return on investments in Milflores.
Media composition 1:1:1:1 garden soil + coco fiber + coco soil + horse manure as
a growing media for white Calla recommended for improved growth, earlier flowering
and higher quality cutflowers and big sized corms with a return on investment of
213.11% (Sumakey, 2004).
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used in this study were one year old established plants of Medinilla
without flowers at transplanting; about 25 – 30 cm in length, polyethylene bags 7 x 11
inch, ricehull, lumber saw dust, alnus compost, fully decomposed cattle manure,
Osmocote 14-14-14 fertilizer, and labeling materials.
Methods
The study was laid out following the simple completely randomized design
(CRD). There were 3 sample plants per treatment, replicated three times.
The plants were grown under open field conditions in black plastic bags. Routine
management operations such as weeding, fertilizer application, and irrigation were
applied uniformly to all test plants.
The different potting media compositions which served as treatments were as
follows:
T0 – 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost (farmers practice)
T1 – 2:1:1
alnus compost + ricehull + cattle manure
T2 – 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber saw dust + ricehull + cattle manure
T3 – 1:1:1
lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure
T4 – 1:1:1
garden soil (sandy loam) + alnus compost + cattle manure
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
7
The data gathered were the following:
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Plant height at flowering (50% anthesis). This was taken by measuring the
height of the plant from the base to the tip of the flower in cm. at flowering.
2. Stem thickness (cm). This was taken by measuring the thickness of the main
stem 6 cm. from the base of the plant with the use of a vernier calipher.
3. Leaf number at flowering (50% anthesis). This was obtained by counting the
number of leaves per plant at flowering.
4. Number of laterals after 4 months from transplanting. This was obtained by
counting the number of laterals after 4 months from transplanting.
B. Reproductive Growth
1. Number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50% anthesis. This was
obtained by counting the number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50%
anthesis of the flower panicle.
C. Flower quality
1. Length of the pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis. This was taken by
measuring the length of the whole flower panicle at 50% anthesis.
2. Aesthetic duration of the flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of senescence.
This was obtained by counting the number of days from 25% anthesis to the onset of
senescence.
D. Cost and return analysis. The cost and return analysis of the different media treatments
was obtained by using the formula:
ROI = Gross Income – Total Expenses x 100
Total Expenses
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
8
E. Photo documentation of the study. Pictures were taken from the experimental area at
visible flower bud formation, and 4 months from transplanting.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
9
Fig.1. Documentation of the study at flower bud formation
Fig.2. Documentation of the study after four months from transplanting
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative Growth
Plant Height at Flowering (50% Anthesis)
Highly significant differences were noted on the plant height of medinilla at
flowering as affected by the different potting media compositions. Plants grown in 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost and in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle
manure produced the tallest among the other potting media treatments with 42.72 cm
and 40.78 cm, respectively. While plants grown in potting media with 1:1:1:1 alnus
compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure produced the smallest medinilla
plants with 27.11 cm.
These findings show that the use of 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost and 1:1:1
sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure as potting media compositions can produce
taller medinilla plants at flowering.
Stem Thickness
Table 2 shows highly significant differences on the stem thickness of medinilla
plants as affected by the different potting media compositions. Medinilla plants grown in
1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure produced the thickest stem with
1.07 cm while medinilla plants grown in 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure
and 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure produced the
thinnest stems with 0.70 cm and 0.72 cm, respectively.
These findings show that the use of 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost +
cattle manure as potting media can promote the production of thicker medinilla stems
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
11
compared to the other potting media compositions used.
Number of Leaves at Flowering (50% anthesis)
Table 3 shows significant differences on the number of leaves at flowering of
medinilla as affected by the different potting media compositions. It was noted that plants
grown in potting media with 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure and
in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost had the highest number of leaves at flowering (50%
anthesis) with 54 and 49 leaves.
These findings show that the effect of potting media with 1:1:1 lumber sawdust +
alnus compost + cattle manure on medinilla plants in terms on the number of leaves at
flowering was better as compared to the other potting media compositions used.
Number of Laterals After Four (4) Months from Transplanting
Table 4 shows highly significant differences on the number of laterals of
Table 1. Plant height at flowering (50% anthesis) of Medinilla as affected by different
potting media
TREATMENT
HEIGHT
(cm)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
42.72a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
29.11c
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
27.11c
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
40.78a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
35.17b
CV (%)
13.92
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
12
Table 2. Stem thickness of Medinilla as affected by different potting media STEM
TREATMENT
THICKNESS
(cm)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
0.97b
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
0.70c
1:1:1:11:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
0.72c
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
1.07a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
0.93b
CV (%)
10.28
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 3. Leaf number at flowering (50% anthesis) of Medinilla as affected by different
potting media
TREATMENT
LEAF
NUMBER
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
49a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
39b
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
34b
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
54a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
40b
CV (%)
16.19
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level of by DMRT
medinilla plants four months from transplanting as affected by the different potting media
compositions. Medinilla plants grown in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost produced the
highest number of laterals after four months from transplanting among the different
potting media compositions with 21 laterals, while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
13
+ lumber sawdust + rice hul + cat le manure produced the lowest number of laterals with only 9
laterals.
The findings show that 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost is the best potting media
for growing medinilla plants in terms of the number of laterals produced per plant after
four months from transplanting.
Reproductive Growth
Number of Days from Visible Flower Bud Initiation to 50% Anthesis
There were no significant differences noted on the number of days from visible
flower bud initiation to 50% anthesis in medinilla plants as affected by the different
potting media compositions (Table 5). Flower development in medinilla plants from
flower panicle initiation to 50% anthesis was from 25 days to 36 days. Plants grown in
1:1 garden soil + alnus compost developed their flower buds to 50% anthesis
significantly later; while plants grown in 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure
developed their flower buds to 50% anthesis the earliest.
Flower Quality
Length of the Pendulous Flower Panicle at 50% Anthesis
Table 6 shows significant differences on the length of the pendulous flower
panicle at 50 % anthesis of medinilla plants as affected by the different potting media
compositions. Plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure as
potting media produced the longest pendulous flower panicles at 50% anthesis with a
mean of 23.67 cm long; while those grown in 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
14
Table 4. Number of laterals after four months from transplanting of Medinilla as affected
by different potting media
NUMBER
TREATMENT
OF
LATERALS
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
21a
2:1:1(Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
13c
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
9d
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
18b
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
14c
CV (%)
20.14
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Table 5. Number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50 % anthesis of Medinilla
as affected by different potting media
FLOWER
TREATMENT
BUD
INITIATION
(Days)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
36a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
25a
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
28a
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
31a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
31a
CV (%)
17.06
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
15
manure and in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure as
potting media had the shortest pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis with 12.94 cm.
Aesthetic Duration of the Flowers from 25%
Anthesis to the Onset of Senescence
There were no significant differences noted on the aesthetic duration of the
flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of senescence of medinilla plants as affected by
the different potting media compositions (Table 7). It was noted that the aesthetic
durations of the flowers ranged from 24 to 43 days.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 8 shows the gross income, net income, expenses, and ROI (%) of
medinilla plants as affected by the different potting media compositions. Medinilla plants
Table 6. Length of the pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis as affected by different
potting media
TREATMENT
LENGTH
(cm)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
22.17b
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
12.94c
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
13.67c
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
23.67a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
22.56b
CV (%)
24.18
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
16
Table 7. Aesthetic duration of the flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of senescence
of Medinilla as affected by different potting media
TREATMENT
DURATION
(Days)
1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost)
39a
2:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
43a
1:1:1:1 (Alnus Compost + Lumber Sawdust + Rice Hull + Cattle Manure)
34a
1:1:1 (Lumber Sawdust + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
24a
1:1:1 (Garden Soil + Alnus Compost + Cattle Manure)
35a
CV (%)
21.83
Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Table 8. Cost and return analysis for 100 potted medinilla plants
GROSS
NET
TREATMENT
INCOME EXPENSES INCOME ROI (%) RANK
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
1:1Garden Soil +
9,400.00
4,450.00
4,950.00
111.24
2
Alnus Compost
2:1:1Alnus Compost
8,100.00
4,850.00
3,250.00
67.10
4
+ Rice Hull +
Cattle Manure
1:1:1:1 Alnus
7,400.00
5,050.00
2,350.00
46.53
5
Compost +
Lumber
Sawdust + Rice
Hull + Cattle
Manure
1:1:1 Lumber
10,000.00
4,650.00
5,350.00
115.05
1
sawdust +
Alnus Compost
+ Cattle
Manure
1:1:1 Garden soil +
9,400.00
4,850.00
4,550.00
93.81
3
Alnus Compost
+ Cattle
Manure
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
17
grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure had the highest gross
income of php10, 000.00 while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust
+ rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest gross income of php7,400. On the other hand,
plants grown in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost had the lowest expenses of only Php
4,450 while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle
manure had the highest expenses of php 5,050.00 for 100 potted medinilla plants.
Medinilla plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure
gained the highest net income of Php 5,350.00 while; those grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus
compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest net income of Php
2,350.00. Results show that plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost +
cattle manure as potting media had the highest ROI of 115.05%; while medinilla plants
grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure had the
lowest ROI of 46.53%.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
18
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of the different potting media
mixtures on the growth and flowering of medinilla; to identify the potting media mixture
best suited for the culture of potted medinilla plants; and to determine the economics of
using the different potting media compositions for the potted medinilla plants.
The different potting media compositions used in medinilla plants were 1:1
garden soil + alnus compost, 2:1:1 alnus compost + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1:1
alnus compost + lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure, 1:1:1 lumber sawdust +
alnus compost + cattle manure, and 1:1:1 garden soil + alnus compost + cattle manure.
Medinilla plants grown in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media had
the highest number of laterals four months from transplanting and had the lowest cost of
production.
Growing medinilla in a media mixture of 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust
+ rice hull + cattle manure had produced the lowest gross income, had the highest cost of
production, lowest income and the lowest ROI of only 46.53%.
Growing medinilla in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure as
potting media produced the thickest stems, tallest plants at flowering, the highest number
of leaves at flowering, the longest pendulous flower panicle, the highest net income and
the highest ROI.
Conclusions
Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn:
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
19
1. 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media of medinilla plants promoted
the production of the higher number of laterals four months from transplanting and had
the lowest expenses. In terms of gross income, plants grown in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost +
lumber sawdust + rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest gross income, the highest cost
of production, lowest net income and lowest ROI. Growing medinilla in 1:1:1 lumber
sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure had the thickest stems, the tallest plants at
flowering, the highest number of leaves at flowering, the longest pendulous flower
panicle had the highest net income and the highest ROI of 115.05%.
2. The best potting media mixture suited for the culture of medinilla plants was:
1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus compost + cattle manure.
3. Growing medinilla plants in 1:1 garden soil + alnus compost as potting media
had the lowest expenses, growing plants in 1:1:1:1 alnus compost + lumber sawdust +
rice hull + cattle manure had the lowest gross income, and the highest expenses; the
lowest income and the lowest ROI; while plants grown in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus
compost + cattle manure had the highest net income and the highest ROI.
Recommendations
Based on the findings, it is best to grow medinilla in 1:1:1 lumber sawdust + alnus
compost + cattle manure since it has the highest net income of Php 5,350.00 and ROI of
115.05 % compared to the other media mixtures.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
20
LITERATURE CITED
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Practices. New Delhi. India: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd Pp. 265-266.
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Second edition. New York: Delmar Publisher Inc. P. 316
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Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
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JANKOWIAK J. 1978. The Prosperous Gardener. A Guide to Gardening the Organic
Way. Rodale Press Emmans. P.A.
MICKLAY, J.B. 1990. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of
geranium. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 10.
SUMAKEY E.G., JR. 2004. Effect of potting media on the growth and flowering of corn
yield of white calla (Zanthedeshia sp.). BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet.
THOMPSON, L.M. and F. R. TROEH. 1978. Soils and Soil Fertility. Fourth Edition.
McGraw – Hill, Inc. New York. P. 232.
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
22
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant height at flowering (50% anthesis)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
47.5
35.33
45.33
128.16
42.72
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
34.33 23.50
29.50
87.33
29.11
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
31.00 23.00
27.33
81.33
27.11
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
35.00 41.33
46.00
122.33
40.78
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
35.50 34.33
35.67
105.50
35.17
TOTAL
183.33 157.49 183.83
524.65
MEAN
36.67 31.50
36.77
34.98
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
569.813
142.453
6.01**
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
237.242
23.724
Error
TOTAL
14
807.054
** - highly significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 13.92
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
23
Appendix Table 2. Stem thickness (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
1.00
0.97
0.93
2.90
0.97
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
0.60
0.77
0.73
2.10
0.70
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
0.83
0.60
0.73
2.16
0.72
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
1.03
1.10
1.07
3.20
1.07
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
1.07
0.93
0.80
2.80
0.93
TOTAL
4.53
4.37
4.26
13.16
MEAN
0.91
0.87
0.85
0.87
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
TABULATED F
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
0.309
0.077
9.23**
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
0.084
0.008
Error
TOTAL
14
0.393
** - highly significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 10.28
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
24
Appendix Table 3. Leaf number at flowering (50% anthesis)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
43
60
44
147
49
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
34
43
40
117
39
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
41
35
26
102
34
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
56
46
60
162
54
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
40
35
45
120
40
TOTAL
214
219
215
648
MEAN
43
44
43
43.33
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
788.400
197.100
4.006*
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
492.000
49.200
Error
TOTAL
14
1280.400
* - significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 16.19
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
25
Appendix Table 4. Number of laterals after four months from transplanting
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
17
25
20
63
21
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
8
13
17
38
13
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
9
8
11
28
9
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
19
19
16
55
18
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
15
12
16
43
14
TOTAL
69
77
80
226
MEAN
14
15
16
15
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
0.05
0.01
Treatment
4
237.333
59.333
6.40**
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
92.667
9.267
Error
TOTAL
14
330.000
** - highly significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 20.14
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
26
Appendix Table 5. Number of days from visible flower bud initiation to 50 % anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
39
37
33
109
36
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
26
28
21
74
25
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
25
30
28
83
28
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
38
28
27
93
31
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
22
32
38
92
31
TOTAL
150
155
147
450
MEAN
30
31
29
30
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
0.05
0.01
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
Treatment
4
215.733
53.933
2.059ns
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
262.000
26.200
Error
TOTAL
14
477.733
ns - not significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 17.06
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
27
Appendix Table 6. Length of the pendulous flower panicle at 50% anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1;1 GS + AC
18.50 26.00
22.00
66.50
22.17
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
14.33 13.50
11.00
38.83
12.94
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
14.50 10.50
16.00
41.00
13.67
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
25.67 29.33
16.00
71.00
23.67
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
16.00 25.00
26.67
67.67
22.56
TOTAL
89
104.33
91.67
285.00
MEAN
17.80 20.87
18.33
19.00
GS – Garden soil RH - Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
0.05
0.01
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
Treatment
4
328.749
82.187
3.894*
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
211.086
21.109
Error
TOTAL
14
539.836
* - significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 24.18
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
28
Appendix Table 7. Aesthetic duration of the flowers from 25% anthesis to the onset of
senescence
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
1:1 GS + AC
41
42
34
117
39
2:1:1 AC + RH + CM
45
39
47
130
43
1:1:1:1 AC + S + RH + CM
30
37
35
102
34
1:1:1 S + AC + CM
26
23
24
73
24
1:1:1 GS + AC + CM
20
35
51
106
35
TOTAL
162
176
191
527
MEAN
32
35
38
35
GS – Garden soil RH – Rice hull S – Sawdust (lumber)
AC – Alnus compost CM – Cattle manure
ANOVA TABLE
SOURCE OF
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
TABULATED F
VARIATION
OF
0.05
0.01
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES
COMPUTED F
Treatment
4
616.933
154.233
2.641ns
3.48
5.99
Experimental
10
584.000
58.400
Error
TOTAL
14
1200.933
ns - not significant
Coefficient of variation (%) = 21.83
Growth and Flowering of Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting
Media Compositions. PAKIAS, ROSE LYN D. OCTOBER 2009
Document Outline
- Growth and Flowering of Medinilla(Medinilla magnifica) as Affected by Different Potting Media Compositions
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES