BIBLIOGRAPHY LAONGAN, JUDITH B. APRIL 2010....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LAONGAN, JUDITH B. APRIL 2010. Assessment of the Beekeeping Project
under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Leopoldo N. Tagarino, MRSM
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess the beekeeping project in the sitios of Tadayan
and Toplac, Kapangan, Benguet. There were 5 beneficiaries that were taken as
respondents of this study. The study was conducted from December to February 2009.
Findings showed that majority of beneficiaries are male, married and attained
high school education with household size of 3 to 6 members and most of them stayed in
the place for 20 years. Majority of the beneficiaries started with one colony each having
ten frames per box. Income derived ranged from P1000 to P5000.
In the management of their colonies, the beneficiaries had knowledge in the
selection of location for colonies like source of food and water. Inspection of colonies
was regular. Majority of them used one part sugar and two part water concentration for
supplemental feeding. In production, the beneficiaries harvested honey once a year. Due
to the small volume of production, the harvested honey was sold to the Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAO) who took charge of packaging and labeling.
The problems encountered by the beneficiaries were more on biophysical and
other problems such as marketing system. The strategies employed by the beneficiaries to
solve the problems were chemical method and technical method.
The role of project implementers in the project was to monitor the development of
the colonies given and provided trainings and seminars to enhance the capability of the
beneficiaries to provide solutions to the problems they encounter in the operation of the
project.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Objective of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Beekeeping in the Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Beekeeping in the Cordillera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Developmental Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Beekeeping as an Integral Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Planning a Beekeeping Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Beekeeping as an Educational Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Role of Environmental Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Economic Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Socio-Economic Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Social Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Demographic Characteristics of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Residence Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Number of Colonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Average Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Production and Marketing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Marketing . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Problems Encountered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Strategies Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Project Implementors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
APPENDICES
Letter to Respondent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
iv
Interview Schedule for Co-Implementors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
Interview Schedule for Project Benefeciaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
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1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Honey, the world’s oldest sweetener, was the major sweetener until sugar cane
was cultivated on a large scale in the New World. In ancient literature honey and honey
bees are mentioned with much feeling and gratitude for their bounty. The Bible speaks of
a land “flowing with milk and honey.” In the early days, honey was gathered from the
hives of wild bees in rock crevices and trees. Later, bee-hives were part of every
monastery, castle and farm garden. With honey the principal sweetener until the 19th
century, almost every small rural house-hold kept bees. Old English books tell how hams
were cured in honey, and fruits preserved in honey solutions. The rinsing of the combs
was used to make mead, the ancient honey drink known to all the people of antiquity
(MAAREC, 2004).
Wikipedia defined beekeeping as the practice of intentional maintenance of honey
bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) may keep bees in
order to collect honey and beeswax, or for the purpose of pollinating crops, or to produce
bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary.
Beekeeping is an important component of agriculture. Aside from its nutritional
and economic contributions, it also contributes to ecological balance. This venture is
viewed as a potential industry (small scale industry) for development in the localities
because it can provide employment to people in the rural communities. Beekeeping can
be a dependable agricultural occupation only when the beekeeper has the technical know
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
2
how in beekeeping or honey production together with effective marketing and financial
management and farm record keeping skills (Bulso, 2006).
The Philippine Inter-University Center (PIUC) is a partnership between Benguet
State University, Saint Louis University and the Flemish Universities in Belgium. This
partnership aims is to develop Information and Communication Technologies in
education, library development, research and capability building and faculty
development. PIUC has conducted several livelihood projects especially in Benguet. One
of this livelihood projects is the Beekeeping Project and Goat Raising in Kapangan,
Benguet including several Medical Missions implemented in different places in Benguet
(Lee, 2007).
The members of the Beekeeping project in Kapangan, Benguet specifically in
Sitio Toplac and Tadayan has decreased in number which according to Mrs. Lilia Palacsa
was caused by swarming of bees. This could be attributed to the lack of experience of
beekeepers in taking care of their bee hives.
Statement of the Problem
In view of the above, it is important to assess the beekeeping project in Kapangan,
Benguet and document the impact of this project to the beneficiaries. This study was
conducted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the beekeeping beneficiaries of beekeeping project in
Kapangan, Benguet?
2. What are the management and production practices of the beneficiaries?
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
3
3. What are the problem encountered by the beneficiaries and the strategies
employed as solution to the problem?
4. What is the role of the implementers in the beekeeping project?
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the demographic profile of the beekeeping beneficiaries.
2. To identify the management and production practices of the benefeciaires.
3. To identify the problem met by the beneficiaries and the strategies employed
to solve the problems.
3. To identify the role of the implementers in the beekeeping project.
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will provide relevant information regarding the condition
or status of Beekeeping project in Kapangan, Benguet. Findings of this study will give
recommendations to improve the management system of the project. This study will also
help other researchers as a reference for other research purposes in beekeeping.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study was confined to the beneficiaries and local government unit in
Kapangan, Benguet under the PIUC project. It was focused on the assessment of the
project especially on production and management practices of the beneficiaries in
Kapangan, Benguet. It also included the contribution of the project in income generation
of the project and determining the problems and strategies applied by the beneficiaries.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
4
The study was conducted from January to February 2009. The data or information
was gathered through personal interview with the use of structured interview schedule.
The investigations covered the assessment of the project of beekeeping from beneficiaries
to project co-implementers.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Beekeeping in the Philippines
Lowe (1982) identified the four species of honeybee that thrive well in the
Philippines. The a.) Apis mellifera is also called the European Honeybee. Among the
different species, this is considered to be the best honey producer. It thrives well in
almost all countries of the world, so much so that it is now the major source of
commercial honey in the world market. Some of its characteristics that make it best
suited for commercial propagation are: it maintains a prolific queen, it makes multiple
combs and produce honey efficiently, it has a gentle temperament, and it swarms less
frequently and guards the hive vigilantly against enemies or pests. The problem a
beekeeper must face when brooding this species is its vulnerability to a number of
diseases. The Apis indica is smaller than the Apis mellifera. It is found practically
throughout the Philippines and is locally called “laywan”. It constructs multiple combs in
sheltered places like hollows of tree trunks or rocks. Unlike apis mellifera, it is prone to
heavy swarming and abandoning of hives (absconding), stealing from other colonies
(robbing), and does not collect propolis. It is also helpless against the wax moth which
frequently attacks during the rainy season. However, this species is resistant to diseases
that affect Apis mellifera. The Apis dorsata also called rock bee or giant honeybee is also
found in most parts of the country and is commonly called “pukyutan”. It builds a single
comb, suspended from rocks or branches of tall trees and reaching a maximum length of
six (6) feet. Its honey and wax are sought after by daring mountain people despite its
reputation as a ferocious stinger. The Apis florae, though a native of the Philippines,
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
6
colonies of this species are quite hard to find. It is also known as the dwarf honeybee and
builds single combs the size of the hand’s palm, suspended from branches of trees and
bushes.
Baconawa (1995) stated in his study that the Philippines is one of the net
importers of honeybee products. An average of 200 tons of honey is imported every year
aside from other bee products such as royal jelly, pollen. propolis, queen bees, etc. The
country could produce only 50 tons from cultured hives of Apis Mellifera, Apis Cerana
and Trigona sp. Apis dorsata is hunted for its honey by rural folks. Its honey is consumed
by them and some are sold to the towns and cities. He stated also that 500 beekeepers are
registered in different Beekeeping associations in the Philippines. The country is also
exporting beekeepers in other country like Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
Beekeeping in the Cordillera
There are 150 backyard beekeepers but most of them are concentrated in Benguet.
Collective production is pegged from eight to twelve tons of honey being produced by the
local beekeepers annually. About 70% of the total honey production in the country comes
from this province. According to Toby Tamayo (Presidential Adviser for Alternative
Livelihood) the potential areas in Benguet Province are the town of La Trinidad, Tuba,
Itogon, Sablan, Tublay, Buguias, Atok, Kapangan and Baguio City (Sales, 1987).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Development Gaps
Pacio,
et. al (2005) stated that there are some problems encountered in
beekeeping. One of the problems is the non-maintainance of the volume of production.
This is due to destruction and extinction of some flora in natural environment. Another
problem is the incessant application of pesticides to flowering plants which leads to the
decimation of bees at the same time water systems are being contaminated and bees do
not have any access to clean and safe water. In the locality, beekeepers do not grow
plants for foraging bees. Bees only rely on the existing vegetation that nature provides.
Aside from pest and disease, changing weather conditions and unavailable food for bees
cause low productivity of the bees.
Another major problem in the Beekeeping Industry is lack of government support.
This hinders the development of what can be regarded as a key to food security and
environment conservation. According to Patricio Ananayo (N. D), chief of Agribusiness
and Marketing Assistance Services (AMAS) of the Department of Agriculture (DA) the
country is importing 90 to 95% of its honey requirement. He also said that DA has no
specific funds to support the beekeeping industry.
Beekeeping as an Integral Activity
Beekeeping is an activity which meshes well with agricultural and rural
development projects. Some plants in the environment benefit from bee pollination of
honeybees. A study conducted by Benguet State University was reported by Sales (1987)
in determining the effect of honeybee pollinators in strawberry and pechay. Results
revealed that strawberry yield significantly increased at 5% at marketable produce.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Pollinated plants had bigger fruits mostly with normal shapes while those that were not
fully pollinated had smaller and deformed fruits because of the failure of some of the
seeds to be fertilized. In pechay, plants pollinated by honeybees produced longer pods
fully filled with seeds. The yields significantly increased by 85% while those excluded
from honeybee pollination failed to produce normal pods and were seedless.
Planning a Beekeeping Project
Beekeeping is an activity that fits well with the concept of small-scale agricultural
development. It is a labor-intensive undertaking which can be easily integrated into larger
agricultural or forestry projects. Bees not only aid in the pollination of some crops used in
such projects, but they make use of otherwise unused resources - nectar and pollen. A
small beekeeping project can be profitable from the beginning. After a project is started
and expertise is gained it is easy for a beekeeper to increase the number of hives. A
dependence on outside resources or input is not necessary to do this (Gentry, 1982).
Gentry (1982) in planning an effective beekeeping project, according to the first
step is to become familiar with the bee-human relationship in an area. Talking to the
people who are involved in beekeeping. Knowing how they work can be of help as
regards to appropriate beekeeping technology in the area. The second step is to plan the
laborers to work in the project and select the appropriate equipment and type of colony to
manage. In planning a project, set realistic goals must be set. A small project which
succeeds is more meaningful than a large one but fails. The successful presentation of an
idea is a realistic expectation for introducing improved methods to the bee-human
relationship in the area. The final plan that Gentry stated is to check local outlets for
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
9
marketing hive products in nearby areas. It is also important to check with those who may
provide potential markets for bee products.
Beekeeping as an Educational Activity
Vocational and agricultural training center and rural teacher training institutes
make good sites to mount beekeeping projects. The trainees can have a multiplier effect
in introducing beekeeping at the village level and the centers themselves serve as
excellent demonstration sites. Exhibits of bees, equipment and hive products in regional
fairs and meetings also serve to promote beekeeping and honey sales. Demonstrations
actually working with colonies can help counter many popular fears of bees. A glass
sided observation hive can create a lot of enthusiasm for bees. It affords a chance to study
the bees at their hives activities, thus it is a great educational tool since such a small hive
often needs close attention and care to maintain, it gives many opportunities for teaching
the management needs and practices of the colony (Gentry, 1982).
Although the government cannot fully support the Beekeeping Industry in the
country, there are educational institutions and non-government agencies to lend and give
support to the industry. One the Philippine Inter-University Center (PIUC) in
partnership between Benguet State University, Saint Louis University and Flemish
University in Belgium. This partnership is towards the development of Information and
communication technologies in education, library development, research and capability
building and faculty development (Lee, 2007).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
10
Role of Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could form a major instrument in
decision making and for measurement of sustainability in the context of regional carrying
capacity. It provides the conceptual framework which extends to the cumulative
assessment of developmental policies, plans and projects on a regional basis. EIA is
potentially one of the must valuable, inter disciplinary objective decision-making tools
with respect to alternate routes for development process technologies and project sites. It
is an ideal anticipatory mechanism, which establishes quantitative values for parameters
indicating the quality of the environment before, during and after the proposed
development activity, thus allowing measures that ensure environmental compatibility. It
presents a clear and concise picture of all benefits and costs associated with alternative
courses of action and provides a mechanism for merging the concerns for environment
and economics in the process of decision-making (Samar, 2005).
Impact assessment is the process of identifying the future consequences of a
current or proposed action. It is used to ensure that projects, programmes and policies are
economically viable, socially equitable and environmentally sustainable (Anonymous,
2009).
Impact Assessment is both a continuous process to help the policy-maker fully
think through and understand the consequences of possible and actual government
interventions in the public, private and third sectors; and a tool to enable the government
to weigh and present the relevant evidence on the positive and negative effects of such
interventions by reviewing the impact of policies after they have been implemented
(Anonymous, 2009).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Economic Impact Assessment
Economic impacts affect the level of economic activity in a municipality- either
positively or negatively. For instance, it directly affects the economic well-being of area
residents and businesses by changing employment levels and retail expenditures. It has
also impact on the municipal financial situation by increasing or decreasing the
assessment base and the demand for services. An economic impact assessment traces
spending through an economy and measures the cumulative effects of that spending. The
impact in the region is determined by the nature of the proposal which can be in the entire
country, province, an individual municipality or a combination of municipalities.
Defining the area of influence is an important first step in the process (Anonymous,
2009).
Estimating the economic impact of a project or development can be a very helpful
process for understanding the potential benefits of various forms of growth. It should be
noted, however, that the means of estimating these benefits are more useful in
understanding the likely order of magnitude of impact rather than specific amounts.
Economic impact assessment generates an estimate of the economic consequences of a
particular project on the local economy. However, this provides only one piece of the
puzzle in a broader evaluation or decision-making process. For example, there may be
social benefits and ecological consequences that need to be taken into account, which
would require a different methodology. In some cases a more general cost benefit
analysis will attempt to place a monetary value on environmental and social impacts
(Anonymous, 2009).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
12
Socio-Economic impact assessment. The purpose of socio-economic impact
assessment is to inform policy and decision makers about the potential benefits, as well
as the probable adverse impacts, that may occur as the result of any given development.
Utilising both qualitative and quantitative techniques, and frequently requiring an
element of consultation, such assessments take into consideration both economic
prosperity and social well-being for ‘healthy communities.’ In addition to forecasting
what the impact will be, assessments should recommend ways to enhance the positive
effects and reduce the adverse ones. The tools that are developed may also be used
monitor and evaluate any socio-economic impact over time (SERI, 2009).
Social impact assessment. Social impact assessment (SIA) is a sub-field of the
social sciences that is developing a knowledge base to provide a systematic appraisal in
advance of the impacts on the day-to-day quality of life of persons and communities
whose environment is affected by a proposed project, plan or policy change. This refers
to changes to individuals and communities due to a proposed action that alters the day-to-
day way in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their
needs and generally cope as members of society. This is done to help individuals,
communities, as well as government and private sector organizations understand and be
able to anticipate the possible social consequences on human populations and
communities of proposed project development or policy changes (Anonymous, 2009).
The PIUC livelihood projects as an activity of the strengthening the Institute of
Social, Research and Development in consultation with the Kapangan Local Government
Unit, other Barangay Pudong officials and community members. Beekeeping and goat
raising were identified as alternative projects to eliminate the marijuana production in the
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
13
far flung barangays. The project sites for these specific activities are the two sitios of
Tadayan and Toplac in Barangay Pudong, Kapangan, Benguet. These two sitios can
hardly be reached by land transportation due to undeveloped roads. As a part of the drive
against this illegal production activity, the Municipal Government of Kapangan requested
the PIUC Programme to focus its assistance on livelihood development in sitios Tadayan
and Toplac (VLIR-PIUC, 1998).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
14
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in the Sitios of Tadayan and Toplac, Barangay Pudong,
and the project co-implementers in Barangay Lomon, Kapangan, Benguet. The study was
conducted from December to February 2009.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study were five beekeeper beneficiaries and one project
co- implementer in Kapangan, Benguet.
Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire was used to gather relevant data and information from the
target respondents. A field visit in the beneficiaries bee farms was also done to gather
additional information.
Data Gathered
The survey questionnaires were administered to the respondents. After the survey,
a follow up interview were undertaken to clarify responses in the survey questionnaire.
Data Analysis
The data collected were tabulated, analyzed using frequency, percentage and data
were interpreted according to the objectives.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This portion of the study presents the results and discussion based on the
objectives: to determine the profile of beneficiaries, their management and production
practices and problems encountered as well as the strategies employed in the solution of
problems met.
Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
The demographic characteristics of the respondents are presented in Table 1.As to
age, 80% of the respondents ages ranged from 25-45 years old. This implies that most of
the beekeepers are generally young, thus they are more interested in apiculture as
compared to older people in the community.
As to gender, there are more male beneficiaries than their female counterpart,
which implies that male respondents had interest in apiculture. As regards to marital
status, majority (80%) of the respondents are married and widowed. Hence, the project is
considered as a source of additional income for the family. Most beneficiaries had a
family size ranging from 3-6 members.
All the respondents finished high school level. Education is not really important.
Hard work and dedication to work are the main ingredients that spell in any endeavour.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Table 1. Distribution of respondents by demographic characteristics
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
25-35 2
40
35-45 2
40
56-65 1
20
TOTAL 5
100
Gender
Female
1
20
Male
4
80
TOTAL 5
100
Marital Status
Single
1
20
Widowed
1
20
Married
3
60
TOTAL 5
100
Family size
3 - 6
4
80
7 – 12
1
20
TOTAL 5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
17
Residence Information
Most respondents live in sitio Tadayan and sitio Toplac. Majority of the people
are farmers. Root crops like sweet potato and cassava are common crops grown in the
area. They also grow other vegetable and fruit crops like cucumber, chayote. Aside from
farming, beekeeping serves as a livelihood project of the beneficiaries as other source of
income.
One or 20% of the respondents lives in the place in less than 10 years. However, it
was noted that majority of the respondent have a residence duration of more than 20
years in the place.
Result also showed that, 40% or 2 of them are still involved in the beekeeping
project while 60% are no longer part of the project activities. This result explains that
majority of the beneficiaries migrate to other places to search for better jobs to give them
more income.
Table 2. Residence duration and occupation
RESIDENCE DURATION
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Less than 10 years
1
20
10 to 20 years
1
20
More than 20 years
3
30
TOTAL
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
18
Number of Colonies
All the beneficiaries were given colonies to manage through the Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAO). Before the beneficiaries were given with colo
nies, they had to qualify by attending beekeeping training in Saint Louis University-
EISSEF Project in Bakakeng, Baguio City by PIUC.
In terms of number of colonies managed, 80% started with 1 colony; while 20%
started with 2 to 5 colonies. Each colony consisted of 10 frames. The distribution of the
colonies to the beneficiaries was based on the ability to manage.
At present, however only one beneficiary (20%) was able to increase the colonies
from the initial of 1 to 2-5 box of colonies. Each colony having 10 frames per box. This
implies that out of the five respondents only one beneficiary has successfully increased
the number of colonies since it started.
Table 3. Number of colonies managed and number of frames since it was started up to
present
STARTED
PRESENT
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Number of
colonies
1
4
80
-
-
2
1
20
-
-
4
-
-
1
20
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
19
Moreover, additional colonies were distributed to the beneficiaries from the
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) including new members in support to the
beekeeping activities in the Cordillera. Each beneficiary is given one colony.
Average Income
Since majority of the respondents have experienced harvesting honey in their
colonies, 80% or 4 of them had a starting income of less than P1000.00. As shown in
Table 4, one of them did not experience harvesting honey in his colonies. At present,
20% of them an average income of P1000 to P5000 per harvest and 80% of them have no
income from their colonies. This is due to swarming of bees to other places. Other
reasons are lack of time to manage their colonies. This result implies that only one
respondent has successfully increased his income from beekeeping aside from the
earnings from the farm.
Table 4. Average income level based on the number of harvest
INCOME
INITIAL
CURRENT
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
No
income
1 20 4 80
Less than P1000
4
80
-
-
P1000 - P5000
-
-
1
20
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
20
Management Practices
Factors considered. In establishing the location of a colony in a certain place,
three factors were considered. All respondents considered the source of food for the bees
in the area. Three or 60% considered the source of water in the area. Four or 80%
selected the location with enough windbreaks like trees and plants around the area,
especially during typhoons and three or 60% considered a location that was far from high
pesticide or insecticidal spray that can cause colony poisoning. This implies that
beneficiaries have been taught the factors to be considered in establishing their colonies.
In management of colonies are adopted from the seminars given by the Municipal
Agriculture Office. This seminar trains and enhances the skills of the beneficiaries before
they start the project.
Inspection of colonies. As shown in Table 6, 40% of the respondents did weekly
inspection in their colonies. A regular inspection of the colonies was done to check the
status of the colonies, arrangements of food and also to observe predators or intruders
Table 5. Factors considered in location of colony
FACTORS F
%
Source of pollen
5
100
Source of clean water
3
60
Enough windbreaks (especially during typhoon)
4
80
Distance from pesticide application areas
3
60
*Multiple Responses
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
21
present in the colonies. However, majority of the respondents did a twice a week
inspection of the colonies especially during swarm season to ensure that the honeybees
do not leave their colonies.
Supplemental feeding. Since stored honey in the food frames is not enough to
sustain bees especially during the rainy seasons, the beneficiaries supplemented their bees
with sugar-solution for maintenance, comb building and brood rearing purposes. In the
application of supplemental feeding, Table 7 shows that 40% used 1 part sugar + 1 part
water concentration in comb building and maintenance. One respondents (20%) used
60% sugar + 40% water for maintenance. In comb building, one (20%) used 2 part sugar
+ 1 part water concentration while in brood rearing 60% of the respondents used 1 part
sugar + 1 part water concentration. However, majority of the respondents used 1 part
sugar + 2 parts water in comb building, maintenance and Brood Rearing.
Table 6. Frequency in inspecting colonies
FREQUENCY
F
(%)
Weekly
2
40
Twice a month
3
60
TOTAL
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
22
Feeding apparatus. For feeding apparatus used, all respondents used polyethylene
bag feeder. On the other hand, commonly 20% used a division board feeder.
Preparation of colonies for honey flow. When the colonies were ready for harvest,
60% inspected the colonies once a week. Another 40% inspected the colonies twice a
week. Inspections were done to be able to know the schedule harvest of the colonies.
Table 7. Supplemental feeding concentrations used
COMB
MAINTENANCE BROOD
BUILDING
REARING
CONCENTRATIONS
F % F % F %
60% sugar + 40% water
-
-
1
20
-
-
2 part sugar + 1 part water
-
-
-
-
1
20
1 part sugar + 1 part water
2
40
2
40
3
60
1 part sugar + 2 part water
3
60
3
60
3
60
*Multiple Responses
Table 8. Distribution of respondents according to feeding apparatus used
FEEDING APPARATUS
F
%
Division Board Feeder
1
20
Polyethylene Bag Feeder
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
23
Table 9. Frequency of inspecting colonies for honey flow
INSPECTION OF COLONY FOR HONEY
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FLOW
Once a week
3
60
Twice a week
2
40
TOTAL
5
100
Production and Marketing
Production. Since these beneficiaries are the first batch to join the project, 60%
had experience in harvesting honey for a year. On the other hand, 20% respondents did
not experience harvesting honey. Interviews conducted reveals that the pests that attacked
the colonies. Moreover, the beneficiaries had no time to manage the colonies.
Honey is the only common product derived from the project. With regard to
volume of production, 60% harvested less than 10 bottles of honey per harvest and 20%
harvest 10 to 15 bottles of honey per harvest. The volume of production of honey
depended on the number of colonies managed by the respondents. The table indicates that
the project beneficiaries produced a small volume of honey. This is caused by the
decreased number of their colonies due to lack of time to manage and pests and diseases.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
24
Table 10. Distribution of respondents based on production
STARTED
PRESENT
PARTICULARS
F % F %
Experienced number of harvest
within a year
Once
4 80 1 20
Twice
1
20
None
1 20 3 60
Volume of production
> 10 bottles
4
80
-
-
10 - 15 bottles
-
-
1
20
Marketing. In the disposal of the products, the Municipal Agriculture Office
(MAO became the market outlet of the beneficiaries. Project beneficiaries sold their
honey products to the Municipal Agriculture Office at P200.00 per kilo. Since the
Municipal Agriculture Office is the outlet of the beneficiaries, they will be in charge in
packing and labelling the honey produced under the name of Kapangan Gold Honey
Products as another by-product of Kapangan.
Problems Encountered
Pests and diseases. In relation to the problem on pests and diseases, 100% of the
respondents encountered Varroa Mites, the most common pest of bees. According to
Baldo (2000). These mites can cause shrivelled and deformed wings and bodies of young
bees which eventually lead to the death of bees. Wax moth is also one of the common
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
25
problems of the 60% of beneficiaries. The larvae of the wax moth usually live in
beehives and feed on wax and young bees and fill the tunnels of the hive with silken
threads (Britannica, 2009). Birds are a problem of 80% of the beneficiaries. Wasps are
called “alimpapaso” which are much bigger than the bees. They attack the colonies by
capturing the bees and killing them. As shown in Table 11, the respondents most or have
serious problems. Main concerns are the Varroa Mites, birds and wasps that affect their
colonies. Swarming is also one of the common problems of the beneficiaries. This
indicates that project beneficiaries did not usually use the knowledge learned from the
seminars and trainings they attended to be applied in their colonies.
Table 11. Problems encountered in pest and diseases
PEST AND DISEASES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Varroa Mites
5
100
Wax Moth
3
60
Birds
4
80
Wasp and other pests
5
100
Swarming
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
26
Biophysical problems. The location of the place is one of the problems in the area.
The place contains environmental factors that are being encountered by the beneficiaries.
Lack of food source in the area is a problem encountered by 100% followed by near high
pesticide usage (80%) and strong wind and disturbance of animals and human beings at
40% each.
Other problems. The project beneficiaries wanted to sell their products to other
outlets for a higher price since the Municipal Agriculture Office brought their product for
only P200.00 per kilo.
Moreover, 80% of them have problems on the lack of tools and equipment which
they needed especially during harvest since the co-implementer suggests that the honey
product will be brought to the Municipal Agriculture Office for assistance and also for
the extraction of the product produced. Lack of resourcefulness and no initiative were the
other problems encountered by the beneficiaries.
Table 12. Biophysical factors affecting beekeeping operations
BIOPHYSICAL PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Strong wind
2
40
Lack of food source
5
100
Near from high pesticide usage
4
80
Disturbance of animals and human
2
40
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
27
Strategies Employed
Pest and diseases. To eliminate the pest and diseases encountered in the colonies
the respondents used chemical and organic or Bio-Technical Methods. Some of the
beneficiaries adopt the technology learned from the seminars aside from their knowledge
to eliminate the problem they encountered. To eliminate Varroa Mites, 40% used
Miticide Fluvate (Apistan) a synthetic pyrethoid, while majority of them are applying
100% applied Formic Acid. According to the respondents they used Peotraco Powder, a
powdery substance applied to the colonies that is used for baking purposes. This is
applied especially during pre harvest.
For wax moth, 60% cleaned the bottom boards while 40% kept unused combs
from the colonies. 20% burned the infested wax to minimize infestation.
Due to location of the place, 40% installed net trap near the colonies to trap the
birds. While 100% used air gun. To control or eliminate wasp and other pests, the
respondents hit mechanically by hitting them with slippers or any piece of wood. One of
the strategies was the dispersion of the colonies to other places.
Biophysical problems. To cope with the biophysical factors affecting the
beekeeping operations, 40% of the respondents used local hives to support the colonies
from the strong wind during typhoon. There were 80% considered that the presence of
natural vegetation and tree planting to help to solve the problem on food source of the
bees. All of the respondents practiced the transfer of colonies to other places to solve the
problems on the disturbances caused by human beings and animals.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Table 13. Strategies applied on pest and diseases
STRATEGIES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
a. Varroa Mites
Miticide fluvalinate
2
40
Formic Acid
5
100
b. Wax Moth
Cleaning bottom boards
3
60
Burning of infested wax
1
20
Keeping unused combs
2
40
c. Birds
Placing a trap
2
40
Wasps and other pests
Destroying mechanically
5
100
TOTAL
5
100
*Multiple Responses
Table 14. Strategies applied to biophysical factors affecting beekeeping
STRATEGY APPLIED
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Using of local hives
2
40
Presence of natural vegetation
4
80
Tree planting
5
100
Transferring the colonies to other places
5
100
*Multiple Responses
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
29
Other problems. Table 15 shows that to be able to address the problem in poor
marketing system, all of the respondents tried to contract direct buyers. As shown in
Table 16, 80% of the respondents borrowed tools from fellow beekeepers to address the
problem due to lack of equipment to use.
Table 15. Strategies applied to other problems
STRATEGY FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Lack of equipments
Borrowing tools from fellow beekeepers
4
80
*Multiple Responses
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
30
The Project Co-Implementors
The Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC)
Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC) is a partnership between the
Benguet State University, Saint Louis University and the Flemish Universities in
Belguim. The partnership between these universities is toward the development of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education, library development,
research and capability building and faculty members development (Lee, 2007).
The PIUC has established livelihood projects like beekeeping and goat raising in
the Municipality of Kapangan, Benguet through a memorandum of agreement. The
willingness of the LGU to cooperate with the PIUC in establishing livelihood projects
provided additional income to residents who were recipients of training and funding
(Lee, 2007).
The PIUC program through its socio-economic component (Project 5), plays a pro
active role in the development of the priority needs of the communities in its service
areas through extension in collaboration with the respective Local Government unit in
identified areas in Kapangan as its adopted municipality.
The role of Benguet State University and Saint Louis University as a part of the
project is to monitor the development of the project. Visitation of demo farms and the
beneficiaries are done by representatives of Benguet State University and Saint Louis
University to monitor the development of this project.
The Local Government Unit of Kapangan welcomes the partnership with other
agencies in providing alternative livelihood projects for the people. And these are
apiculture, goat raising and carabao raising, which all possible livelihood projects that
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
31
would create self-employment and provide additional farm income of beneficiaries
through the production and sale of products. The Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) is
the implementing arm of the local government unit.
Kapangan Gold Honey Beekeepers Organization (KAGHOBO) is an association
of all the beekeepers in Kapangan, Benguet. The objective of this project is to promote
beekeeping activities in the locality and also serve as one source of income by the
beneficiaries. The Organization is under the supervision of the Municipal Agriculture
Office located at Lomon, Kapangan, Benguet. Other government agencies like
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) are few departments who give support to
the beekeeping activities in Kapangan.
The Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) where initially started with 8
memebers. They started with 15 to 20 boxes of colonies for demo and production of more
colonies for dispersion to target beneficiaries. At present, there are about more than 35
boxes of colonies in the demo farm. Each colony has ten frames for each box.
The MAO conducts seminars and trainings two to three times a year. They also
conduct seminars and trainings through the request of the beneficiaries.
Seminars Conducted
Table 16 shows the seminars conducted by the co-implementers in 2006,
workshop on simplified farm record keeping at Chrysanthemum Hall, BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet and Beekeeping Technical Forum, Bridging gap, Sustaining and Upgrading the
Cordillera Beekeeping Industry Through Shared knowledge, Skills and Technology were
held at Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Participants of these seminars
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
32
Table 16. Seminars attended by the beneficiaries
YEAR TITLE
LOCATION
HOST
2006
Simplified Farm Record Keeping
Chrysanthemum Hall, Benguet State
BSU, La Trinidad,
University
Benguet
Beekeeping
Technical
Forum, Benguet State
Benguet State
Bridging Gap, Sustaining and
University, La
University
upgrading the Cordillera Industry
Trinidad, Benguet
through shared knowledge, skills
and Technology
2007
Hands on Training and Seminar on
Lomon, Kapangan,
Municipal
Basic Beekeeping
Benguet
Agriculture
Office
Seminar of farmers on Proper
Lomon, Kapangan,
Municipal
Pesticide and Insecticide
Agriculture
Management and Introduction of
Benguet
Office
Beekeeping
Commercial Beekeeping Operations Beekeeping Service
Saint Louis
Center,Baguio City
Univeristy
included the project implementors and other beneficiaries from Kapangan who were
available at that time.
In 2007, seminars conducted by the MAO were Hands-on Training and Seminar
on Basic Beekeeping, Seminar of Farmers on Proper Pesticide and Insecticide
Management and Introduction of Beekeeping at Lomon, Kapangan, Benguet. They also
attended several seminars and trainings in Baguio City like Commercial Beekeeping
Operation Seminar held at Beekeeping Service Center, Bakakeng, Baguio City.
MAO visited the beneficiaries to monitor the performance of their colonies and to give
suggestions or any help regarding their observations. Technical assistance was given by
the organization especially at harvest time. Other assistance being offered to the
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
33
beneficiaries included lending of equipment or tools. Most of the time beneficiaries bring
the harvested honey to the MAO to be processed and to be assisted by the project
implementers due to lack of equipment to be used. Meetings, reports and purchase of
materials were also done by the MAO two to three times a month for sustainability and
maintenance of the projects.
Aside from trainings and seminar given by MAO, they were given some sugar,
medicines and materials that were used in beekeeping for further development of this
project. The LGU in Kapangan also offered small loans to beekeepers for financial
assistance.
Colonies Dispersed
Table 17 presents the colonies given to the beneficiaries. The MAO gave in 2004
22 colonies from the PIUC to the first batchof benefeciaires. This consisted of seven
members from Sitio Toplac and Tadayan. In the succeeding year, the number of members
in the Organization increased. In 2006, MAO released 35 colonies given by the PIUC to
the second batch. Since DOLE also supported beekeeping projects in the Cordillera. They
distributed about 36 colonies to the MAO in 2008, as additional colonies given again to
the beneficiaries. The schedule of disposal of colonies to the beneficiaries is scheduled
twice a year or every after seminars and trainings conducted by the Municipal
Agriculture Office.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
34
Table 17. Number of colonies being dispersed by the Municipal Agriculture Office
BATCH OF DISPOSAL
NUMBER OF COLONIES
YEAR
1st Batch
15 colonies
2004
2nd Batch
35 colonies
2006
3rd Batch
36 colonies
2008
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
35
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted in Sitio Tadayan and Toplac to determine the status of
the PIUC Beekeeping Project along the specific problems 1) determine the profile of
beneficiaries; 2) management and production practices involved 3) problems encountered
and strategies applied in the solution of the problems encountered, and 4) the role of
implementers in the project.
The respondents of the study were five beneficiaries from Sitio Tadayan and
Toplac and one project co-implementor from Barangay Lomon, Kapangan. The
beneficiaries were composed of four (4) male and one (1) female, majority were married
and with household size of three (3) to size (6) members. They all attained high school
education. Most of them lived in the place for more than 20 years and their major source
of income was farming. Majority of them started with one colony each having ten (10)
frames per box. Most beneficiaries (80%) had a starting income of less than P1000 and
only one beneficiary is earning P1000 to P5000 per harvest.
In the management of colonies, the beneficiaries had knowledge in selecting the
location for their colonies like source of food and water, enough windbreaks to protect
the colonies especially during typhoon and location far from the use of pesticides. In
inspection of the colonies, was regular inspection specially during swarming season.
Majority of the beneficiaries used 1 part sugar and 2 part water concentration in
supplemental feeding for comb building, maintenance and brood rearing. Along
production practices, majority experienced harvesting honey once in a year and honey
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
36
products were disposed to the Municipal Agriculture Office for labelling and packaging
as Kapangan Gold Honey product.
The problems encountered by the beneficiaries were more on pests like Varroa
Mites, wax moth, birds and others indication of any disease near reported. Biophysical
factors like swarming and lack of food source were common problems of the
beneficiaries. Other problems included the location of the colonies affected by high
pesticide use that cause colony poisoning. Other problems in the area were poor
marketing system and lack of tools and equipment used were the major problems
affecting the beekeeping in the locality.
To eliminate these problems, strategic methods were applied by using Chemical
Method especially in Varroa Mites. For wax moth, birds and other wasps, the technical
method was employed by cleaning the colonies, burning of infected wax and using traps.
With regard to biophysical factors, majority of the respondents considered the presence
of natural vegetation in the area and transferring the colonies to other places to solve the
problem regarding food source and disturbance caused by human and animals. To
minimize the problems concerning poor marketing system, the beneficiaries contacted
other market outlets and direct buyers for their products. Borrowing tools from fellow
beekeepers were one strategy to address the problem in the lack of tools and equipment to
use. The Municipal Agriculture Office helped the beneficiaries in the use of tools and
equipment.
The co-implementers of the project were the Philippine Inter-University
Cooperation (PIUC) in partnership with the Benguet State University, the Saint Loius
University and the Flemish Universities in Belgium; The Local Government Unit (LGU)
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
37
of Kapangan and other government agencies like the Department of Labour and
Employment (DOLE). These agencies conducted seminars-workshops on beekeeping,
distributed colonies, and also some financial assistance to beneficiaries.
Conclusions
Based on the findings the following conclusions are made:
1. Educational attainment of respondents is an important criterion in the choice of
beneficiaries to enable them to understand the requirement for a beekeeping project
especially in attendance to seminars and training.
2. Seminars and training attended by the beneficiaries of the beneficiaries provide
solution to problems not in the operations of the project.
3. Supervision of co-implementers promotes success in the project.
Recommendations
In line with the findings of the study, the following recommendations are
forwarded:
1. The beekeeping project be extended to more sitios or far flung areas especially
those planted with marijuana.
2. To focus more on the trainings and seminars be given to the beneficiaries by
the LGU-MAO to focus more on the management and production practices.
3. In demo farm, additional financial support to the project be provided to be able
to continuously conduct seminars and trainings to the beneficiaries for in information
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
38
dissemination not only to the beneficiaries but to other farmers to encourage them to join
the project.
4. Co-implementers should make available financial assistance with affordable
rates for the sustainability of the project.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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VLAAMSE INTERUNIVERSITAIRE RAAD PHILIPPINE INSTITUTIONAL
UNIVERSITY CO-OPERATION. 1998. Retrieved November 29, 2008 from
http://vlirpiucslu.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=71&ite
mid=59
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
APPENDIX A
Benguet State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
La Trinidad, Benguet
Dear Sir/Madam:
Greetings!
I am a graduating student of Benguet State University taking up Bachelor of
Science in Agribusiness major in Enterprise Management. As a part of this course
requirement. I am presently conducting a research study titled, “ASSESSMENT OF THE
BEEKEEPING PROJECT UNDER PHILIPPINE INTER-UNIVERSITY
COOPERATION (PIUC) IN KAPANGAN, BENGUET’, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the course.
May I request assistance and information about the beekeeping project and the
demo farm in your place. Rest assured that all information you provide will be treated
with outmost confidentiality.
God Bless!
Very truly yours,
JUDITH LA-ONGAN
Researcher
NOTED BY:
LEOPOLDO TAGARINO
Adviser
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
APPENDIX B
Interview Schedule
(Project Co-Implementors)
Instruction: Please fill in the blank/check and supply the needed information below:
Name:
_____________________________________________________________________
Age:
______________________________________________________________________
Address:
___________________________________________________________________
ABOUT THE PROJECT
START
PRESENT
Numbers of colonies of
the farm
Number of frames in
__10 frames
__10 frames
each colony
__15 frames
__15 frames
__20 frames
__20 frames
__others, pls. specify
__others, pls. specify
_____________________
_____________________
Numbers of members
__5 members
__5 members
of the project
__5-10 members
__5-10 members
__10-15 members
__10-15 members
__other, pls. specify
__other, pls. specify
______________________
______________________
• Are you still conducting seminars or trainings in to the beekeepers beneficiaries?
__yes
__no
If yes, how many times you conduct in a year?
__never
__two times a year
__three times a year
__more than three times a year
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
__others; pls. specify _______________If no, why?
________________________________________________________
• Is any representative from your office currently monitoring the colonies of your
beneficiaries?
__yes,
there
is
__none
• Are they giving suggestions regarding their observations?
__yes
__no
• What are the form of assistance do you offer to the beneficiaries?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
DEMO FARM
I.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
COLONY HIVE MANAGEMENT
• Inspection of colonies
How many times in a month do you inspect your colonies?
__once a month
__twice a month
__thrice a month
__weekly
__ others, pls. specify ___________________
• Brood Rearing
Type of feeding apparatus used:
__ division board feeder
__bottle feeder
__ polyethylene bag feeder
__ other, pls. specify _____________
Application of
Concentration applied:
supplemental
Feeding
60% sugar + 40% sugar
50% sugar
2 part
1 part
2 part
40% water
+ 60%
+ 50%
sugar + 1
sugar + 1
sugar + 2
water
water
part water
part water
part water
Comb building
Maintenance
Brood Rearing
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
Preparation of colonies for honey flow:
How many times do you check your colonies in preparation for honey flow?
__ once a week
__once a month
__twice a
month __twice a week
__ others, pls. specify
___________________
• Queen Rearing
Are you practicing queen rearing?
__yes
__no
If yes, when? __________________________________
If no, why? ___________________________________
Requirement for a good queen rearing:
__colony with a good record in nectar gathering
__ good performance in pattern of laying
__ gentle not hostile breeder colony
How many years engaged in queen rearing?
__2-3
years
__3-5
years
__5-10 years
__others; pls. specify
What are the materials used in queen rearing
__queen cap made of common reed or tanubong
__
bamboo
splints
__anes
__brush
__wax
or
plastic
splints
__carabao
horn
__other,
pls
specify
_______
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
• Pest management
Pests
Management and remarks
Varroa Mites
Ants
Wax moth
Chalk Brood
Chalk brood
European Foul Brood
American Foul Brood
Lizards
Swift
Other pests
IV. PRODUCTION PRACTICES
Experienced number of harvesting of honey in a year?
__once
__twice __others;
pls.
specify
______________
What type of honey did you produced?
__ honey
__bee pollen
__ bee wax
__ propolis
__ others, pls. specify _____________
PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE FARM:
Which of the following problems considered affecting the farm?
__ Small production area
__ late release of funds
__ Late arrival of supplies and materials
__ high cost of production
__ Insufficient number of personnel
__ Lack of support from the agency
__ others, pls. specify __________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
What can you suggest to solve the stated problems above?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
APPENDIX C
Interview Schedule
(Project beneficiaries)
I. Respondents Profile
Name: ________________________________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________________________
Age: __________________
Gender:
__male
__female
Educational Attainment:
__ No formal education
__ Elementary education
__ High school education
__ others; pls. specify _________________________________
Marital Status:
__ Single
__ married
__ widowed
__ separated
Family size:
__ 2 members
__ 3-6 members
__ 7-12 members
__ others; pls. specify _____________________
II. RESIDENCE INFORMATION
a. Residence duration in the place:
__less than 10 years __ 10-20 years
__ More than 20 years
b. Still involved in beekeeping?
__yes
__no
b.1. If yes, how many years engaged in beekeeping?
________________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
b. 2. If no, please write the reason:
________________________________________
c. Occupation aside from beekeeping:
__farmer __government
employee
__businessman
__laborers
__other; pls. specify ______________________
III. NUMBER OF COLONIES
Started colonies:
No. of frames
Present colonies:
No. of frames
__1 colonies
__ 10 frames/colony
__1 colonies
__ 10
__ 2 colonies
__ 10-15
__ 2 colonies
frames/colony
__ 2 - 5 colonies
frames/colony
__ 2 - 5 colonies
__ 10-15
__others, specify
__15-20
__others, specify
frames/colony
________________
frames/colony
________________
__15-20
__
__others, specify
__
frames/colony
_________________
__others, specify
__
______________
__
IV. AVERAGE INCOME ON BEEKEEPING PRODUCTION
Started income:
Present income:
__ less than P1000
__ less than P1000
__ P1000 to P5000
__ P1000 to P5000
__more than P5000
__more than P5000
__others, pls. specify
__others, pls. specify
V. BEE PROJECT INFORMATION
a. Did you attend seminars/ trainings related to beekeeping project?
__yes
__no
a.1. if yes, please write the seminars/ trainings attended:
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
Title
Date
_____________________________________________ ________________________
_____________________________________________ ________________________
_____________________________________________ _______________________
b. Are the things learned from the seminars/trainings attended was being applied on your
colonies?
__yes
__no
b.1. If yes, what are these learning’s applied?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________
b.2. If no, why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________
VI. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
What did you consider in establishing the location of your colony?
__ source of food for the bees
__ source of water
__ enough windbreaks especially during typhoon seasons
__ far away from areas with high pesticide/insecticidal spray usage
__ others pls, specify _______________________________________
COLONY HIVE MANAGEMENT
• Inspection of colonies
How many times in a month do you inspect your colonies?
__once a month
__twice a month
__thrice a month
__weekly
__ others, pls. specify ___________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
• Brood Rearing
Application
Concentration applied:
of
supplemental
Feeding
60% sugar +
40% sugar
50% sugar
2 part
1 part
2 part
40% water
+ 60%
+ 50%
sugar + 1
sugar + 1
sugar + 2
water
water
part water
part water
part water
Comb building
Maintenance
Brood Rearing
• Type of feeding apparatus used:
__ division board feeder
__bottle feeder
__ polyethylene bag feeder
__ other, pls. specify _____________
• Preparation of colonies for honey flow:
How many times do you check your colonies in preparation for honey flow?
__ once a week
__once a month
__twice a month
__twice a week
__ others, pls. specify _____________
VII.PRODUCTION PRACTICES
a. Experienced number of harvesting of honey in a year?
__once
__twice __others;
pls.
specify
_________________
b. What type of honey did you produced?
__ honey
__bee pollen
__ bee wax
__ propolis
__ others, pls. specify _____________
c. Volume of production produced?
__less than 10 bottles
__10-15 bottles
__more than 15 bottles
__others, pls. specify __________
d. Where do you disposed or sell your honey produced?
__directed to contact buyers
__market
__municipal
office
__Others;
pls.
specify____________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
VIII. PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES
PROBLEMS
STRATEGIES
Pest and diseases
a. Varroa Mites
Chemical Treatment:
__miticide fluvalinate(Apistan)
__apicure
__formic Acid
__folbes (chlorobenzilate)
__others,pls. specify ____________________
Bio-Technical
Method
__changing the bottom board of a hive
__encouraging worker bees to make drone
__using alagaw
__others, pls. specify
b. Wax Moth
__cleaning bottom boards
__keeping unused combs
__burning infested wax
__application of pesticide
__others, pls. specify_________________
c. Birds
__placing a net trap
__dispersing the colonies
__others, pls. specify__________________
d. Wasps and other pests
__using traps
__destroying mechanically
__making metal hive stand
__caught using insect nets
__others, pls. specify
e. Chalk brood
__young productive queens, new comb,
strengthening the colonies
__good colony management
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
__others, pls. specify ________________________
f. Sac brood
__requeening is practiced
__removal of infected brood
__others, pls. specify ________________________
g. American foul Brood/European foul __feeding the colonies with oxyletracycline
Brood
hydrochloride
__infected colonies burned
__other, pls. specify_________________________
h. Nosema
__adult bees transferred on the clean combs
__partial replacement of combs
__other, pls. specify_________________________
Problems affecting beekeeping in the area
i. poor marketing system
__contracting direct buyers
__promotion of the products
__others; pls. specify
____________________________________
j. lack of appropriate equipment
__acquiring loans from public or private used to buy
equipments
__borrowing tools from fellow beekeepers
__other, specify_____________________________
k. Kinds of biophysical factors affecting the beekeeping operations:
__strong wind during typhoon
__use of local hives
__lack of food source
__presence of natural vegetation
__too far water source for bees
__tree planting
__swarming of bees
__laying of traps
__prone to disturbance caused by human
__transferring the colonies to other places
and animals
__ other; pls. specify _________________________
__near from areas with high pesticide usage
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
IX. RECOMMENDATION
Please write some suggestions or recommendation on how the project implementers
should improve the status of beekeeping in the locality?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
LAONGAN, JUDITH B. APRIL 2010. Assessment of the Beekeeping Project
under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Leopoldo N. Tagarino, MRSM
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to assess the beekeeping project in the sitios of Tadayan
and Toplac, Kapangan, Benguet. There were 5 beneficiaries that were taken as
respondents of this study. The study was conducted from December to February 2009.
Findings showed that majority of beneficiaries are male, married and attained
high school education with household size of 3 to 6 members and most of them stayed in
the place for 20 years. Majority of the beneficiaries started with one colony each having
ten frames per box. Income derived ranged from P1000 to P5000.
In the management of their colonies, the beneficiaries had knowledge in the
selection of location for colonies like source of food and water. Inspection of colonies
was regular. Majority of them used one part sugar and two part water concentration for
supplemental feeding. In production, the beneficiaries harvested honey once a year. Due
to the small volume of production, the harvested honey was sold to the Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAO) who took charge of packaging and labeling.
The problems encountered by the beneficiaries were more on biophysical and
other problems such as marketing system. The strategies employed by the beneficiaries to
solve the problems were chemical method and technical method.
The role of project implementers in the project was to monitor the development of
the colonies given and provided trainings and seminars to enhance the capability of the
beneficiaries to provide solutions to the problems they encounter in the operation of the
project.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Objective of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Beekeeping in the Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Beekeeping in the Cordillera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Developmental Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Beekeeping as an Integral Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Planning a Beekeeping Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Beekeeping as an Educational Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Role of Environmental Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Economic Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Socio-Economic Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Social Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
iii
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Demographic Characteristics of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Residence Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Number of Colonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Average Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Production and Marketing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Marketing . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Problems Encountered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Strategies Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Project Implementors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
APPENDICES
Letter to Respondent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
iv
Interview Schedule for Co-Implementors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
Interview Schedule for Project Benefeciaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
v
1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Honey, the world’s oldest sweetener, was the major sweetener until sugar cane
was cultivated on a large scale in the New World. In ancient literature honey and honey
bees are mentioned with much feeling and gratitude for their bounty. The Bible speaks of
a land “flowing with milk and honey.” In the early days, honey was gathered from the
hives of wild bees in rock crevices and trees. Later, bee-hives were part of every
monastery, castle and farm garden. With honey the principal sweetener until the 19th
century, almost every small rural house-hold kept bees. Old English books tell how hams
were cured in honey, and fruits preserved in honey solutions. The rinsing of the combs
was used to make mead, the ancient honey drink known to all the people of antiquity
(MAAREC, 2004).
Wikipedia defined beekeeping as the practice of intentional maintenance of honey
bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) may keep bees in
order to collect honey and beeswax, or for the purpose of pollinating crops, or to produce
bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary.
Beekeeping is an important component of agriculture. Aside from its nutritional
and economic contributions, it also contributes to ecological balance. This venture is
viewed as a potential industry (small scale industry) for development in the localities
because it can provide employment to people in the rural communities. Beekeeping can
be a dependable agricultural occupation only when the beekeeper has the technical know
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
2
how in beekeeping or honey production together with effective marketing and financial
management and farm record keeping skills (Bulso, 2006).
The Philippine Inter-University Center (PIUC) is a partnership between Benguet
State University, Saint Louis University and the Flemish Universities in Belgium. This
partnership aims is to develop Information and Communication Technologies in
education, library development, research and capability building and faculty
development. PIUC has conducted several livelihood projects especially in Benguet. One
of this livelihood projects is the Beekeeping Project and Goat Raising in Kapangan,
Benguet including several Medical Missions implemented in different places in Benguet
(Lee, 2007).
The members of the Beekeeping project in Kapangan, Benguet specifically in
Sitio Toplac and Tadayan has decreased in number which according to Mrs. Lilia Palacsa
was caused by swarming of bees. This could be attributed to the lack of experience of
beekeepers in taking care of their bee hives.
Statement of the Problem
In view of the above, it is important to assess the beekeeping project in Kapangan,
Benguet and document the impact of this project to the beneficiaries. This study was
conducted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the beekeeping beneficiaries of beekeeping project in
Kapangan, Benguet?
2. What are the management and production practices of the beneficiaries?
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
3
3. What are the problem encountered by the beneficiaries and the strategies
employed as solution to the problem?
4. What is the role of the implementers in the beekeeping project?
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the demographic profile of the beekeeping beneficiaries.
2. To identify the management and production practices of the benefeciaires.
3. To identify the problem met by the beneficiaries and the strategies employed
to solve the problems.
3. To identify the role of the implementers in the beekeeping project.
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will provide relevant information regarding the condition
or status of Beekeeping project in Kapangan, Benguet. Findings of this study will give
recommendations to improve the management system of the project. This study will also
help other researchers as a reference for other research purposes in beekeeping.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study was confined to the beneficiaries and local government unit in
Kapangan, Benguet under the PIUC project. It was focused on the assessment of the
project especially on production and management practices of the beneficiaries in
Kapangan, Benguet. It also included the contribution of the project in income generation
of the project and determining the problems and strategies applied by the beneficiaries.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
4
The study was conducted from January to February 2009. The data or information
was gathered through personal interview with the use of structured interview schedule.
The investigations covered the assessment of the project of beekeeping from beneficiaries
to project co-implementers.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Beekeeping in the Philippines
Lowe (1982) identified the four species of honeybee that thrive well in the
Philippines. The a.) Apis mellifera is also called the European Honeybee. Among the
different species, this is considered to be the best honey producer. It thrives well in
almost all countries of the world, so much so that it is now the major source of
commercial honey in the world market. Some of its characteristics that make it best
suited for commercial propagation are: it maintains a prolific queen, it makes multiple
combs and produce honey efficiently, it has a gentle temperament, and it swarms less
frequently and guards the hive vigilantly against enemies or pests. The problem a
beekeeper must face when brooding this species is its vulnerability to a number of
diseases. The Apis indica is smaller than the Apis mellifera. It is found practically
throughout the Philippines and is locally called “laywan”. It constructs multiple combs in
sheltered places like hollows of tree trunks or rocks. Unlike apis mellifera, it is prone to
heavy swarming and abandoning of hives (absconding), stealing from other colonies
(robbing), and does not collect propolis. It is also helpless against the wax moth which
frequently attacks during the rainy season. However, this species is resistant to diseases
that affect Apis mellifera. The Apis dorsata also called rock bee or giant honeybee is also
found in most parts of the country and is commonly called “pukyutan”. It builds a single
comb, suspended from rocks or branches of tall trees and reaching a maximum length of
six (6) feet. Its honey and wax are sought after by daring mountain people despite its
reputation as a ferocious stinger. The Apis florae, though a native of the Philippines,
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
6
colonies of this species are quite hard to find. It is also known as the dwarf honeybee and
builds single combs the size of the hand’s palm, suspended from branches of trees and
bushes.
Baconawa (1995) stated in his study that the Philippines is one of the net
importers of honeybee products. An average of 200 tons of honey is imported every year
aside from other bee products such as royal jelly, pollen. propolis, queen bees, etc. The
country could produce only 50 tons from cultured hives of Apis Mellifera, Apis Cerana
and Trigona sp. Apis dorsata is hunted for its honey by rural folks. Its honey is consumed
by them and some are sold to the towns and cities. He stated also that 500 beekeepers are
registered in different Beekeeping associations in the Philippines. The country is also
exporting beekeepers in other country like Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
Beekeeping in the Cordillera
There are 150 backyard beekeepers but most of them are concentrated in Benguet.
Collective production is pegged from eight to twelve tons of honey being produced by the
local beekeepers annually. About 70% of the total honey production in the country comes
from this province. According to Toby Tamayo (Presidential Adviser for Alternative
Livelihood) the potential areas in Benguet Province are the town of La Trinidad, Tuba,
Itogon, Sablan, Tublay, Buguias, Atok, Kapangan and Baguio City (Sales, 1987).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Development Gaps
Pacio,
et. al (2005) stated that there are some problems encountered in
beekeeping. One of the problems is the non-maintainance of the volume of production.
This is due to destruction and extinction of some flora in natural environment. Another
problem is the incessant application of pesticides to flowering plants which leads to the
decimation of bees at the same time water systems are being contaminated and bees do
not have any access to clean and safe water. In the locality, beekeepers do not grow
plants for foraging bees. Bees only rely on the existing vegetation that nature provides.
Aside from pest and disease, changing weather conditions and unavailable food for bees
cause low productivity of the bees.
Another major problem in the Beekeeping Industry is lack of government support.
This hinders the development of what can be regarded as a key to food security and
environment conservation. According to Patricio Ananayo (N. D), chief of Agribusiness
and Marketing Assistance Services (AMAS) of the Department of Agriculture (DA) the
country is importing 90 to 95% of its honey requirement. He also said that DA has no
specific funds to support the beekeeping industry.
Beekeeping as an Integral Activity
Beekeeping is an activity which meshes well with agricultural and rural
development projects. Some plants in the environment benefit from bee pollination of
honeybees. A study conducted by Benguet State University was reported by Sales (1987)
in determining the effect of honeybee pollinators in strawberry and pechay. Results
revealed that strawberry yield significantly increased at 5% at marketable produce.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Pollinated plants had bigger fruits mostly with normal shapes while those that were not
fully pollinated had smaller and deformed fruits because of the failure of some of the
seeds to be fertilized. In pechay, plants pollinated by honeybees produced longer pods
fully filled with seeds. The yields significantly increased by 85% while those excluded
from honeybee pollination failed to produce normal pods and were seedless.
Planning a Beekeeping Project
Beekeeping is an activity that fits well with the concept of small-scale agricultural
development. It is a labor-intensive undertaking which can be easily integrated into larger
agricultural or forestry projects. Bees not only aid in the pollination of some crops used in
such projects, but they make use of otherwise unused resources - nectar and pollen. A
small beekeeping project can be profitable from the beginning. After a project is started
and expertise is gained it is easy for a beekeeper to increase the number of hives. A
dependence on outside resources or input is not necessary to do this (Gentry, 1982).
Gentry (1982) in planning an effective beekeeping project, according to the first
step is to become familiar with the bee-human relationship in an area. Talking to the
people who are involved in beekeeping. Knowing how they work can be of help as
regards to appropriate beekeeping technology in the area. The second step is to plan the
laborers to work in the project and select the appropriate equipment and type of colony to
manage. In planning a project, set realistic goals must be set. A small project which
succeeds is more meaningful than a large one but fails. The successful presentation of an
idea is a realistic expectation for introducing improved methods to the bee-human
relationship in the area. The final plan that Gentry stated is to check local outlets for
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
9
marketing hive products in nearby areas. It is also important to check with those who may
provide potential markets for bee products.
Beekeeping as an Educational Activity
Vocational and agricultural training center and rural teacher training institutes
make good sites to mount beekeeping projects. The trainees can have a multiplier effect
in introducing beekeeping at the village level and the centers themselves serve as
excellent demonstration sites. Exhibits of bees, equipment and hive products in regional
fairs and meetings also serve to promote beekeeping and honey sales. Demonstrations
actually working with colonies can help counter many popular fears of bees. A glass
sided observation hive can create a lot of enthusiasm for bees. It affords a chance to study
the bees at their hives activities, thus it is a great educational tool since such a small hive
often needs close attention and care to maintain, it gives many opportunities for teaching
the management needs and practices of the colony (Gentry, 1982).
Although the government cannot fully support the Beekeeping Industry in the
country, there are educational institutions and non-government agencies to lend and give
support to the industry. One the Philippine Inter-University Center (PIUC) in
partnership between Benguet State University, Saint Louis University and Flemish
University in Belgium. This partnership is towards the development of Information and
communication technologies in education, library development, research and capability
building and faculty development (Lee, 2007).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Role of Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could form a major instrument in
decision making and for measurement of sustainability in the context of regional carrying
capacity. It provides the conceptual framework which extends to the cumulative
assessment of developmental policies, plans and projects on a regional basis. EIA is
potentially one of the must valuable, inter disciplinary objective decision-making tools
with respect to alternate routes for development process technologies and project sites. It
is an ideal anticipatory mechanism, which establishes quantitative values for parameters
indicating the quality of the environment before, during and after the proposed
development activity, thus allowing measures that ensure environmental compatibility. It
presents a clear and concise picture of all benefits and costs associated with alternative
courses of action and provides a mechanism for merging the concerns for environment
and economics in the process of decision-making (Samar, 2005).
Impact assessment is the process of identifying the future consequences of a
current or proposed action. It is used to ensure that projects, programmes and policies are
economically viable, socially equitable and environmentally sustainable (Anonymous,
2009).
Impact Assessment is both a continuous process to help the policy-maker fully
think through and understand the consequences of possible and actual government
interventions in the public, private and third sectors; and a tool to enable the government
to weigh and present the relevant evidence on the positive and negative effects of such
interventions by reviewing the impact of policies after they have been implemented
(Anonymous, 2009).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Economic Impact Assessment
Economic impacts affect the level of economic activity in a municipality- either
positively or negatively. For instance, it directly affects the economic well-being of area
residents and businesses by changing employment levels and retail expenditures. It has
also impact on the municipal financial situation by increasing or decreasing the
assessment base and the demand for services. An economic impact assessment traces
spending through an economy and measures the cumulative effects of that spending. The
impact in the region is determined by the nature of the proposal which can be in the entire
country, province, an individual municipality or a combination of municipalities.
Defining the area of influence is an important first step in the process (Anonymous,
2009).
Estimating the economic impact of a project or development can be a very helpful
process for understanding the potential benefits of various forms of growth. It should be
noted, however, that the means of estimating these benefits are more useful in
understanding the likely order of magnitude of impact rather than specific amounts.
Economic impact assessment generates an estimate of the economic consequences of a
particular project on the local economy. However, this provides only one piece of the
puzzle in a broader evaluation or decision-making process. For example, there may be
social benefits and ecological consequences that need to be taken into account, which
would require a different methodology. In some cases a more general cost benefit
analysis will attempt to place a monetary value on environmental and social impacts
(Anonymous, 2009).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Socio-Economic impact assessment. The purpose of socio-economic impact
assessment is to inform policy and decision makers about the potential benefits, as well
as the probable adverse impacts, that may occur as the result of any given development.
Utilising both qualitative and quantitative techniques, and frequently requiring an
element of consultation, such assessments take into consideration both economic
prosperity and social well-being for ‘healthy communities.’ In addition to forecasting
what the impact will be, assessments should recommend ways to enhance the positive
effects and reduce the adverse ones. The tools that are developed may also be used
monitor and evaluate any socio-economic impact over time (SERI, 2009).
Social impact assessment. Social impact assessment (SIA) is a sub-field of the
social sciences that is developing a knowledge base to provide a systematic appraisal in
advance of the impacts on the day-to-day quality of life of persons and communities
whose environment is affected by a proposed project, plan or policy change. This refers
to changes to individuals and communities due to a proposed action that alters the day-to-
day way in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their
needs and generally cope as members of society. This is done to help individuals,
communities, as well as government and private sector organizations understand and be
able to anticipate the possible social consequences on human populations and
communities of proposed project development or policy changes (Anonymous, 2009).
The PIUC livelihood projects as an activity of the strengthening the Institute of
Social, Research and Development in consultation with the Kapangan Local Government
Unit, other Barangay Pudong officials and community members. Beekeeping and goat
raising were identified as alternative projects to eliminate the marijuana production in the
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
13
far flung barangays. The project sites for these specific activities are the two sitios of
Tadayan and Toplac in Barangay Pudong, Kapangan, Benguet. These two sitios can
hardly be reached by land transportation due to undeveloped roads. As a part of the drive
against this illegal production activity, the Municipal Government of Kapangan requested
the PIUC Programme to focus its assistance on livelihood development in sitios Tadayan
and Toplac (VLIR-PIUC, 1998).
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in the Sitios of Tadayan and Toplac, Barangay Pudong,
and the project co-implementers in Barangay Lomon, Kapangan, Benguet. The study was
conducted from December to February 2009.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study were five beekeeper beneficiaries and one project
co- implementer in Kapangan, Benguet.
Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire was used to gather relevant data and information from the
target respondents. A field visit in the beneficiaries bee farms was also done to gather
additional information.
Data Gathered
The survey questionnaires were administered to the respondents. After the survey,
a follow up interview were undertaken to clarify responses in the survey questionnaire.
Data Analysis
The data collected were tabulated, analyzed using frequency, percentage and data
were interpreted according to the objectives.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This portion of the study presents the results and discussion based on the
objectives: to determine the profile of beneficiaries, their management and production
practices and problems encountered as well as the strategies employed in the solution of
problems met.
Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
The demographic characteristics of the respondents are presented in Table 1.As to
age, 80% of the respondents ages ranged from 25-45 years old. This implies that most of
the beekeepers are generally young, thus they are more interested in apiculture as
compared to older people in the community.
As to gender, there are more male beneficiaries than their female counterpart,
which implies that male respondents had interest in apiculture. As regards to marital
status, majority (80%) of the respondents are married and widowed. Hence, the project is
considered as a source of additional income for the family. Most beneficiaries had a
family size ranging from 3-6 members.
All the respondents finished high school level. Education is not really important.
Hard work and dedication to work are the main ingredients that spell in any endeavour.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Table 1. Distribution of respondents by demographic characteristics
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
25-35 2
40
35-45 2
40
56-65 1
20
TOTAL 5
100
Gender
Female
1
20
Male
4
80
TOTAL 5
100
Marital Status
Single
1
20
Widowed
1
20
Married
3
60
TOTAL 5
100
Family size
3 - 6
4
80
7 – 12
1
20
TOTAL 5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Residence Information
Most respondents live in sitio Tadayan and sitio Toplac. Majority of the people
are farmers. Root crops like sweet potato and cassava are common crops grown in the
area. They also grow other vegetable and fruit crops like cucumber, chayote. Aside from
farming, beekeeping serves as a livelihood project of the beneficiaries as other source of
income.
One or 20% of the respondents lives in the place in less than 10 years. However, it
was noted that majority of the respondent have a residence duration of more than 20
years in the place.
Result also showed that, 40% or 2 of them are still involved in the beekeeping
project while 60% are no longer part of the project activities. This result explains that
majority of the beneficiaries migrate to other places to search for better jobs to give them
more income.
Table 2. Residence duration and occupation
RESIDENCE DURATION
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Less than 10 years
1
20
10 to 20 years
1
20
More than 20 years
3
30
TOTAL
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Number of Colonies
All the beneficiaries were given colonies to manage through the Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAO). Before the beneficiaries were given with colo
nies, they had to qualify by attending beekeeping training in Saint Louis University-
EISSEF Project in Bakakeng, Baguio City by PIUC.
In terms of number of colonies managed, 80% started with 1 colony; while 20%
started with 2 to 5 colonies. Each colony consisted of 10 frames. The distribution of the
colonies to the beneficiaries was based on the ability to manage.
At present, however only one beneficiary (20%) was able to increase the colonies
from the initial of 1 to 2-5 box of colonies. Each colony having 10 frames per box. This
implies that out of the five respondents only one beneficiary has successfully increased
the number of colonies since it started.
Table 3. Number of colonies managed and number of frames since it was started up to
present
STARTED
PRESENT
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Number of
colonies
1
4
80
-
-
2
1
20
-
-
4
-
-
1
20
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Moreover, additional colonies were distributed to the beneficiaries from the
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) including new members in support to the
beekeeping activities in the Cordillera. Each beneficiary is given one colony.
Average Income
Since majority of the respondents have experienced harvesting honey in their
colonies, 80% or 4 of them had a starting income of less than P1000.00. As shown in
Table 4, one of them did not experience harvesting honey in his colonies. At present,
20% of them an average income of P1000 to P5000 per harvest and 80% of them have no
income from their colonies. This is due to swarming of bees to other places. Other
reasons are lack of time to manage their colonies. This result implies that only one
respondent has successfully increased his income from beekeeping aside from the
earnings from the farm.
Table 4. Average income level based on the number of harvest
INCOME
INITIAL
CURRENT
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
No
income
1 20 4 80
Less than P1000
4
80
-
-
P1000 - P5000
-
-
1
20
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Management Practices
Factors considered. In establishing the location of a colony in a certain place,
three factors were considered. All respondents considered the source of food for the bees
in the area. Three or 60% considered the source of water in the area. Four or 80%
selected the location with enough windbreaks like trees and plants around the area,
especially during typhoons and three or 60% considered a location that was far from high
pesticide or insecticidal spray that can cause colony poisoning. This implies that
beneficiaries have been taught the factors to be considered in establishing their colonies.
In management of colonies are adopted from the seminars given by the Municipal
Agriculture Office. This seminar trains and enhances the skills of the beneficiaries before
they start the project.
Inspection of colonies. As shown in Table 6, 40% of the respondents did weekly
inspection in their colonies. A regular inspection of the colonies was done to check the
status of the colonies, arrangements of food and also to observe predators or intruders
Table 5. Factors considered in location of colony
FACTORS F
%
Source of pollen
5
100
Source of clean water
3
60
Enough windbreaks (especially during typhoon)
4
80
Distance from pesticide application areas
3
60
*Multiple Responses
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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present in the colonies. However, majority of the respondents did a twice a week
inspection of the colonies especially during swarm season to ensure that the honeybees
do not leave their colonies.
Supplemental feeding. Since stored honey in the food frames is not enough to
sustain bees especially during the rainy seasons, the beneficiaries supplemented their bees
with sugar-solution for maintenance, comb building and brood rearing purposes. In the
application of supplemental feeding, Table 7 shows that 40% used 1 part sugar + 1 part
water concentration in comb building and maintenance. One respondents (20%) used
60% sugar + 40% water for maintenance. In comb building, one (20%) used 2 part sugar
+ 1 part water concentration while in brood rearing 60% of the respondents used 1 part
sugar + 1 part water concentration. However, majority of the respondents used 1 part
sugar + 2 parts water in comb building, maintenance and Brood Rearing.
Table 6. Frequency in inspecting colonies
FREQUENCY
F
(%)
Weekly
2
40
Twice a month
3
60
TOTAL
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Feeding apparatus. For feeding apparatus used, all respondents used polyethylene
bag feeder. On the other hand, commonly 20% used a division board feeder.
Preparation of colonies for honey flow. When the colonies were ready for harvest,
60% inspected the colonies once a week. Another 40% inspected the colonies twice a
week. Inspections were done to be able to know the schedule harvest of the colonies.
Table 7. Supplemental feeding concentrations used
COMB
MAINTENANCE BROOD
BUILDING
REARING
CONCENTRATIONS
F % F % F %
60% sugar + 40% water
-
-
1
20
-
-
2 part sugar + 1 part water
-
-
-
-
1
20
1 part sugar + 1 part water
2
40
2
40
3
60
1 part sugar + 2 part water
3
60
3
60
3
60
*Multiple Responses
Table 8. Distribution of respondents according to feeding apparatus used
FEEDING APPARATUS
F
%
Division Board Feeder
1
20
Polyethylene Bag Feeder
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
23
Table 9. Frequency of inspecting colonies for honey flow
INSPECTION OF COLONY FOR HONEY
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FLOW
Once a week
3
60
Twice a week
2
40
TOTAL
5
100
Production and Marketing
Production. Since these beneficiaries are the first batch to join the project, 60%
had experience in harvesting honey for a year. On the other hand, 20% respondents did
not experience harvesting honey. Interviews conducted reveals that the pests that attacked
the colonies. Moreover, the beneficiaries had no time to manage the colonies.
Honey is the only common product derived from the project. With regard to
volume of production, 60% harvested less than 10 bottles of honey per harvest and 20%
harvest 10 to 15 bottles of honey per harvest. The volume of production of honey
depended on the number of colonies managed by the respondents. The table indicates that
the project beneficiaries produced a small volume of honey. This is caused by the
decreased number of their colonies due to lack of time to manage and pests and diseases.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Table 10. Distribution of respondents based on production
STARTED
PRESENT
PARTICULARS
F % F %
Experienced number of harvest
within a year
Once
4 80 1 20
Twice
1
20
None
1 20 3 60
Volume of production
> 10 bottles
4
80
-
-
10 - 15 bottles
-
-
1
20
Marketing. In the disposal of the products, the Municipal Agriculture Office
(MAO became the market outlet of the beneficiaries. Project beneficiaries sold their
honey products to the Municipal Agriculture Office at P200.00 per kilo. Since the
Municipal Agriculture Office is the outlet of the beneficiaries, they will be in charge in
packing and labelling the honey produced under the name of Kapangan Gold Honey
Products as another by-product of Kapangan.
Problems Encountered
Pests and diseases. In relation to the problem on pests and diseases, 100% of the
respondents encountered Varroa Mites, the most common pest of bees. According to
Baldo (2000). These mites can cause shrivelled and deformed wings and bodies of young
bees which eventually lead to the death of bees. Wax moth is also one of the common
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
25
problems of the 60% of beneficiaries. The larvae of the wax moth usually live in
beehives and feed on wax and young bees and fill the tunnels of the hive with silken
threads (Britannica, 2009). Birds are a problem of 80% of the beneficiaries. Wasps are
called “alimpapaso” which are much bigger than the bees. They attack the colonies by
capturing the bees and killing them. As shown in Table 11, the respondents most or have
serious problems. Main concerns are the Varroa Mites, birds and wasps that affect their
colonies. Swarming is also one of the common problems of the beneficiaries. This
indicates that project beneficiaries did not usually use the knowledge learned from the
seminars and trainings they attended to be applied in their colonies.
Table 11. Problems encountered in pest and diseases
PEST AND DISEASES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Varroa Mites
5
100
Wax Moth
3
60
Birds
4
80
Wasp and other pests
5
100
Swarming
5
100
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Biophysical problems. The location of the place is one of the problems in the area.
The place contains environmental factors that are being encountered by the beneficiaries.
Lack of food source in the area is a problem encountered by 100% followed by near high
pesticide usage (80%) and strong wind and disturbance of animals and human beings at
40% each.
Other problems. The project beneficiaries wanted to sell their products to other
outlets for a higher price since the Municipal Agriculture Office brought their product for
only P200.00 per kilo.
Moreover, 80% of them have problems on the lack of tools and equipment which
they needed especially during harvest since the co-implementer suggests that the honey
product will be brought to the Municipal Agriculture Office for assistance and also for
the extraction of the product produced. Lack of resourcefulness and no initiative were the
other problems encountered by the beneficiaries.
Table 12. Biophysical factors affecting beekeeping operations
BIOPHYSICAL PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Strong wind
2
40
Lack of food source
5
100
Near from high pesticide usage
4
80
Disturbance of animals and human
2
40
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Strategies Employed
Pest and diseases. To eliminate the pest and diseases encountered in the colonies
the respondents used chemical and organic or Bio-Technical Methods. Some of the
beneficiaries adopt the technology learned from the seminars aside from their knowledge
to eliminate the problem they encountered. To eliminate Varroa Mites, 40% used
Miticide Fluvate (Apistan) a synthetic pyrethoid, while majority of them are applying
100% applied Formic Acid. According to the respondents they used Peotraco Powder, a
powdery substance applied to the colonies that is used for baking purposes. This is
applied especially during pre harvest.
For wax moth, 60% cleaned the bottom boards while 40% kept unused combs
from the colonies. 20% burned the infested wax to minimize infestation.
Due to location of the place, 40% installed net trap near the colonies to trap the
birds. While 100% used air gun. To control or eliminate wasp and other pests, the
respondents hit mechanically by hitting them with slippers or any piece of wood. One of
the strategies was the dispersion of the colonies to other places.
Biophysical problems. To cope with the biophysical factors affecting the
beekeeping operations, 40% of the respondents used local hives to support the colonies
from the strong wind during typhoon. There were 80% considered that the presence of
natural vegetation and tree planting to help to solve the problem on food source of the
bees. All of the respondents practiced the transfer of colonies to other places to solve the
problems on the disturbances caused by human beings and animals.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Table 13. Strategies applied on pest and diseases
STRATEGIES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
a. Varroa Mites
Miticide fluvalinate
2
40
Formic Acid
5
100
b. Wax Moth
Cleaning bottom boards
3
60
Burning of infested wax
1
20
Keeping unused combs
2
40
c. Birds
Placing a trap
2
40
Wasps and other pests
Destroying mechanically
5
100
TOTAL
5
100
*Multiple Responses
Table 14. Strategies applied to biophysical factors affecting beekeeping
STRATEGY APPLIED
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Using of local hives
2
40
Presence of natural vegetation
4
80
Tree planting
5
100
Transferring the colonies to other places
5
100
*Multiple Responses
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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Other problems. Table 15 shows that to be able to address the problem in poor
marketing system, all of the respondents tried to contract direct buyers. As shown in
Table 16, 80% of the respondents borrowed tools from fellow beekeepers to address the
problem due to lack of equipment to use.
Table 15. Strategies applied to other problems
STRATEGY FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Lack of equipments
Borrowing tools from fellow beekeepers
4
80
*Multiple Responses
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
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The Project Co-Implementors
The Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC)
Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC) is a partnership between the
Benguet State University, Saint Louis University and the Flemish Universities in
Belguim. The partnership between these universities is toward the development of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education, library development,
research and capability building and faculty members development (Lee, 2007).
The PIUC has established livelihood projects like beekeeping and goat raising in
the Municipality of Kapangan, Benguet through a memorandum of agreement. The
willingness of the LGU to cooperate with the PIUC in establishing livelihood projects
provided additional income to residents who were recipients of training and funding
(Lee, 2007).
The PIUC program through its socio-economic component (Project 5), plays a pro
active role in the development of the priority needs of the communities in its service
areas through extension in collaboration with the respective Local Government unit in
identified areas in Kapangan as its adopted municipality.
The role of Benguet State University and Saint Louis University as a part of the
project is to monitor the development of the project. Visitation of demo farms and the
beneficiaries are done by representatives of Benguet State University and Saint Louis
University to monitor the development of this project.
The Local Government Unit of Kapangan welcomes the partnership with other
agencies in providing alternative livelihood projects for the people. And these are
apiculture, goat raising and carabao raising, which all possible livelihood projects that
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
31
would create self-employment and provide additional farm income of beneficiaries
through the production and sale of products. The Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) is
the implementing arm of the local government unit.
Kapangan Gold Honey Beekeepers Organization (KAGHOBO) is an association
of all the beekeepers in Kapangan, Benguet. The objective of this project is to promote
beekeeping activities in the locality and also serve as one source of income by the
beneficiaries. The Organization is under the supervision of the Municipal Agriculture
Office located at Lomon, Kapangan, Benguet. Other government agencies like
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) are few departments who give support to
the beekeeping activities in Kapangan.
The Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) where initially started with 8
memebers. They started with 15 to 20 boxes of colonies for demo and production of more
colonies for dispersion to target beneficiaries. At present, there are about more than 35
boxes of colonies in the demo farm. Each colony has ten frames for each box.
The MAO conducts seminars and trainings two to three times a year. They also
conduct seminars and trainings through the request of the beneficiaries.
Seminars Conducted
Table 16 shows the seminars conducted by the co-implementers in 2006,
workshop on simplified farm record keeping at Chrysanthemum Hall, BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet and Beekeeping Technical Forum, Bridging gap, Sustaining and Upgrading the
Cordillera Beekeeping Industry Through Shared knowledge, Skills and Technology were
held at Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Participants of these seminars
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
32
Table 16. Seminars attended by the beneficiaries
YEAR TITLE
LOCATION
HOST
2006
Simplified Farm Record Keeping
Chrysanthemum Hall, Benguet State
BSU, La Trinidad,
University
Benguet
Beekeeping
Technical
Forum, Benguet State
Benguet State
Bridging Gap, Sustaining and
University, La
University
upgrading the Cordillera Industry
Trinidad, Benguet
through shared knowledge, skills
and Technology
2007
Hands on Training and Seminar on
Lomon, Kapangan,
Municipal
Basic Beekeeping
Benguet
Agriculture
Office
Seminar of farmers on Proper
Lomon, Kapangan,
Municipal
Pesticide and Insecticide
Agriculture
Management and Introduction of
Benguet
Office
Beekeeping
Commercial Beekeeping Operations Beekeeping Service
Saint Louis
Center,Baguio City
Univeristy
included the project implementors and other beneficiaries from Kapangan who were
available at that time.
In 2007, seminars conducted by the MAO were Hands-on Training and Seminar
on Basic Beekeeping, Seminar of Farmers on Proper Pesticide and Insecticide
Management and Introduction of Beekeeping at Lomon, Kapangan, Benguet. They also
attended several seminars and trainings in Baguio City like Commercial Beekeeping
Operation Seminar held at Beekeeping Service Center, Bakakeng, Baguio City.
MAO visited the beneficiaries to monitor the performance of their colonies and to give
suggestions or any help regarding their observations. Technical assistance was given by
the organization especially at harvest time. Other assistance being offered to the
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
33
beneficiaries included lending of equipment or tools. Most of the time beneficiaries bring
the harvested honey to the MAO to be processed and to be assisted by the project
implementers due to lack of equipment to be used. Meetings, reports and purchase of
materials were also done by the MAO two to three times a month for sustainability and
maintenance of the projects.
Aside from trainings and seminar given by MAO, they were given some sugar,
medicines and materials that were used in beekeeping for further development of this
project. The LGU in Kapangan also offered small loans to beekeepers for financial
assistance.
Colonies Dispersed
Table 17 presents the colonies given to the beneficiaries. The MAO gave in 2004
22 colonies from the PIUC to the first batchof benefeciaires. This consisted of seven
members from Sitio Toplac and Tadayan. In the succeeding year, the number of members
in the Organization increased. In 2006, MAO released 35 colonies given by the PIUC to
the second batch. Since DOLE also supported beekeeping projects in the Cordillera. They
distributed about 36 colonies to the MAO in 2008, as additional colonies given again to
the beneficiaries. The schedule of disposal of colonies to the beneficiaries is scheduled
twice a year or every after seminars and trainings conducted by the Municipal
Agriculture Office.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
34
Table 17. Number of colonies being dispersed by the Municipal Agriculture Office
BATCH OF DISPOSAL
NUMBER OF COLONIES
YEAR
1st Batch
15 colonies
2004
2nd Batch
35 colonies
2006
3rd Batch
36 colonies
2008
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
35
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted in Sitio Tadayan and Toplac to determine the status of
the PIUC Beekeeping Project along the specific problems 1) determine the profile of
beneficiaries; 2) management and production practices involved 3) problems encountered
and strategies applied in the solution of the problems encountered, and 4) the role of
implementers in the project.
The respondents of the study were five beneficiaries from Sitio Tadayan and
Toplac and one project co-implementor from Barangay Lomon, Kapangan. The
beneficiaries were composed of four (4) male and one (1) female, majority were married
and with household size of three (3) to size (6) members. They all attained high school
education. Most of them lived in the place for more than 20 years and their major source
of income was farming. Majority of them started with one colony each having ten (10)
frames per box. Most beneficiaries (80%) had a starting income of less than P1000 and
only one beneficiary is earning P1000 to P5000 per harvest.
In the management of colonies, the beneficiaries had knowledge in selecting the
location for their colonies like source of food and water, enough windbreaks to protect
the colonies especially during typhoon and location far from the use of pesticides. In
inspection of the colonies, was regular inspection specially during swarming season.
Majority of the beneficiaries used 1 part sugar and 2 part water concentration in
supplemental feeding for comb building, maintenance and brood rearing. Along
production practices, majority experienced harvesting honey once in a year and honey
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
36
products were disposed to the Municipal Agriculture Office for labelling and packaging
as Kapangan Gold Honey product.
The problems encountered by the beneficiaries were more on pests like Varroa
Mites, wax moth, birds and others indication of any disease near reported. Biophysical
factors like swarming and lack of food source were common problems of the
beneficiaries. Other problems included the location of the colonies affected by high
pesticide use that cause colony poisoning. Other problems in the area were poor
marketing system and lack of tools and equipment used were the major problems
affecting the beekeeping in the locality.
To eliminate these problems, strategic methods were applied by using Chemical
Method especially in Varroa Mites. For wax moth, birds and other wasps, the technical
method was employed by cleaning the colonies, burning of infected wax and using traps.
With regard to biophysical factors, majority of the respondents considered the presence
of natural vegetation in the area and transferring the colonies to other places to solve the
problem regarding food source and disturbance caused by human and animals. To
minimize the problems concerning poor marketing system, the beneficiaries contacted
other market outlets and direct buyers for their products. Borrowing tools from fellow
beekeepers were one strategy to address the problem in the lack of tools and equipment to
use. The Municipal Agriculture Office helped the beneficiaries in the use of tools and
equipment.
The co-implementers of the project were the Philippine Inter-University
Cooperation (PIUC) in partnership with the Benguet State University, the Saint Loius
University and the Flemish Universities in Belgium; The Local Government Unit (LGU)
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
37
of Kapangan and other government agencies like the Department of Labour and
Employment (DOLE). These agencies conducted seminars-workshops on beekeeping,
distributed colonies, and also some financial assistance to beneficiaries.
Conclusions
Based on the findings the following conclusions are made:
1. Educational attainment of respondents is an important criterion in the choice of
beneficiaries to enable them to understand the requirement for a beekeeping project
especially in attendance to seminars and training.
2. Seminars and training attended by the beneficiaries of the beneficiaries provide
solution to problems not in the operations of the project.
3. Supervision of co-implementers promotes success in the project.
Recommendations
In line with the findings of the study, the following recommendations are
forwarded:
1. The beekeeping project be extended to more sitios or far flung areas especially
those planted with marijuana.
2. To focus more on the trainings and seminars be given to the beneficiaries by
the LGU-MAO to focus more on the management and production practices.
3. In demo farm, additional financial support to the project be provided to be able
to continuously conduct seminars and trainings to the beneficiaries for in information
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
38
dissemination not only to the beneficiaries but to other farmers to encourage them to join
the project.
4. Co-implementers should make available financial assistance with affordable
rates for the sustainability of the project.
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
LITERATURE CITED
ANANAYO, P. 2008. Sunstar Baguio. Lack of government support bugs beekeeping
industry. October 15, 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from
http:www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2008/10/15/news/lack.of.gov’t.support.bugs.
beekeeping.industry.html
ANONYMOUS. 2009. Impact Assessment Guidance. Retrieved August 10, 2009 from
http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/files44544.pdf
BACONAWA, A. S. 1995.A guide to Beekeeping in the Philippines.Retrieved November
22, 2008 from http://www.beekeeping.com/articles/us/beekeeping_phil.htm
BALDO, H. S. 2000. Pest and Disease management. Seminar-orientation on beekeeping
with common European honeybee for northern Luzon. ATDC-DMMMSU-
NLUC, La Union, Philippines. (Unpublished).
BULSO, N. P. 2006. Beekeeping practices on European Bees for Honey Production by
Beekeepers in Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet. BS Thesis, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. pp 6-9.
BRITTANICA ONLINE. 2009. Destruction of honeycombs. Retrieved November 24,
2009 from www.brittannica.com/EBchecked/topic/638022/wazmoth
GENTRY, C. 1982. Illustrated by Stacey Leslie.Small Scale Beekeeping.Retrieved
November 24, 2008 from
http://www.beekeeping.com/aricles/us/small_beekeeping/Homepage.htm
LEE, G. 2007. ”Service Quality in Public Sector: An outcome-based Approach” A Public
– Private Partnership: Its implication on the quality of service to poverty
alleviation programs/projects for the Indigenous people.EROPA 2007. November
18-22, 2007 Retrieved November 26, 2008 from
www.Unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/public/documents/EROPA/UNPAN0
29261.pdf-
LOWE, D. G. 1982. Beekeeping: An Introduction (Module). Pamantasan ng Bagong
Lipunan (University of Life) or the Technology Resource Center Foundation Inc.,
Metro Manila, Philippines
MID-ATLANTIC APICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CONSOTIUM.
2004. Types of Honey Uses. Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
West Virginia and the USDA cooperating. Publication 3.8. March 2004.Retrieved
November 28, 2008 from http://72.14.235.132/search?q=cache:EJYk5H6rCVsJ:m
aarec.cas.psu.edu/PDFs/Honey.pdf+types+of+honey+uses&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=1
&gl=ph
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
PACIO, B. J., N. S. BAUCAS, J. F. CORCHA, J. C. LACAMBRA. 2005. Paper 5:
Beekeeping Experiences: Mr. Enrique Tayaotao Case in Experiences in
Agricultural Production Management in Benguet. Edited by Dagupen. M. C.
Benguet State University. Pp.75-78.
SALES, T. S.1987. Beekeeping, A profitable “Sweet” venture. Retrieved November 26,
2008 from www.pia.gov.ph/philtoday/pt02/pt0204.htm.
SAMAR, S. 2005. Sustainable Development and Environmental Impact Assessment.
Retrieved August 10, 2009 from
www.visionviewpoint.com/article.asp?articleid=30
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND INTELLIGENCE OBSERVATORY. 2009
Section 3: Eco-impact Assessment. University of Plymouth. Queen’s printer for
Ontario, 2008. Retreived 12, 2009 from www.reddi.gov.om.ca/guide_ecimpactass
essment.htm
VLAAMSE INTERUNIVERSITAIRE RAAD PHILIPPINE INSTITUTIONAL
UNIVERSITY CO-OPERATION. 1998. Retrieved November 29, 2008 from
http://vlirpiucslu.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=71&ite
mid=59
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
APPENDIX A
Benguet State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
La Trinidad, Benguet
Dear Sir/Madam:
Greetings!
I am a graduating student of Benguet State University taking up Bachelor of
Science in Agribusiness major in Enterprise Management. As a part of this course
requirement. I am presently conducting a research study titled, “ASSESSMENT OF THE
BEEKEEPING PROJECT UNDER PHILIPPINE INTER-UNIVERSITY
COOPERATION (PIUC) IN KAPANGAN, BENGUET’, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the course.
May I request assistance and information about the beekeeping project and the
demo farm in your place. Rest assured that all information you provide will be treated
with outmost confidentiality.
God Bless!
Very truly yours,
JUDITH LA-ONGAN
Researcher
NOTED BY:
LEOPOLDO TAGARINO
Adviser
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
APPENDIX B
Interview Schedule
(Project Co-Implementors)
Instruction: Please fill in the blank/check and supply the needed information below:
Name:
_____________________________________________________________________
Age:
______________________________________________________________________
Address:
___________________________________________________________________
ABOUT THE PROJECT
START
PRESENT
Numbers of colonies of
the farm
Number of frames in
__10 frames
__10 frames
each colony
__15 frames
__15 frames
__20 frames
__20 frames
__others, pls. specify
__others, pls. specify
_____________________
_____________________
Numbers of members
__5 members
__5 members
of the project
__5-10 members
__5-10 members
__10-15 members
__10-15 members
__other, pls. specify
__other, pls. specify
______________________
______________________
• Are you still conducting seminars or trainings in to the beekeepers beneficiaries?
__yes
__no
If yes, how many times you conduct in a year?
__never
__two times a year
__three times a year
__more than three times a year
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
__others; pls. specify _______________If no, why?
________________________________________________________
• Is any representative from your office currently monitoring the colonies of your
beneficiaries?
__yes,
there
is
__none
• Are they giving suggestions regarding their observations?
__yes
__no
• What are the form of assistance do you offer to the beneficiaries?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
DEMO FARM
I.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
COLONY HIVE MANAGEMENT
• Inspection of colonies
How many times in a month do you inspect your colonies?
__once a month
__twice a month
__thrice a month
__weekly
__ others, pls. specify ___________________
• Brood Rearing
Type of feeding apparatus used:
__ division board feeder
__bottle feeder
__ polyethylene bag feeder
__ other, pls. specify _____________
Application of
Concentration applied:
supplemental
Feeding
60% sugar + 40% sugar
50% sugar
2 part
1 part
2 part
40% water
+ 60%
+ 50%
sugar + 1
sugar + 1
sugar + 2
water
water
part water
part water
part water
Comb building
Maintenance
Brood Rearing
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
Preparation of colonies for honey flow:
How many times do you check your colonies in preparation for honey flow?
__ once a week
__once a month
__twice a
month __twice a week
__ others, pls. specify
___________________
• Queen Rearing
Are you practicing queen rearing?
__yes
__no
If yes, when? __________________________________
If no, why? ___________________________________
Requirement for a good queen rearing:
__colony with a good record in nectar gathering
__ good performance in pattern of laying
__ gentle not hostile breeder colony
How many years engaged in queen rearing?
__2-3
years
__3-5
years
__5-10 years
__others; pls. specify
What are the materials used in queen rearing
__queen cap made of common reed or tanubong
__
bamboo
splints
__anes
__brush
__wax
or
plastic
splints
__carabao
horn
__other,
pls
specify
_______
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
• Pest management
Pests
Management and remarks
Varroa Mites
Ants
Wax moth
Chalk Brood
Chalk brood
European Foul Brood
American Foul Brood
Lizards
Swift
Other pests
IV. PRODUCTION PRACTICES
Experienced number of harvesting of honey in a year?
__once
__twice __others;
pls.
specify
______________
What type of honey did you produced?
__ honey
__bee pollen
__ bee wax
__ propolis
__ others, pls. specify _____________
PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE FARM:
Which of the following problems considered affecting the farm?
__ Small production area
__ late release of funds
__ Late arrival of supplies and materials
__ high cost of production
__ Insufficient number of personnel
__ Lack of support from the agency
__ others, pls. specify __________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
What can you suggest to solve the stated problems above?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
APPENDIX C
Interview Schedule
(Project beneficiaries)
I. Respondents Profile
Name: ________________________________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________________________
Age: __________________
Gender:
__male
__female
Educational Attainment:
__ No formal education
__ Elementary education
__ High school education
__ others; pls. specify _________________________________
Marital Status:
__ Single
__ married
__ widowed
__ separated
Family size:
__ 2 members
__ 3-6 members
__ 7-12 members
__ others; pls. specify _____________________
II. RESIDENCE INFORMATION
a. Residence duration in the place:
__less than 10 years __ 10-20 years
__ More than 20 years
b. Still involved in beekeeping?
__yes
__no
b.1. If yes, how many years engaged in beekeeping?
________________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
b. 2. If no, please write the reason:
________________________________________
c. Occupation aside from beekeeping:
__farmer __government
employee
__businessman
__laborers
__other; pls. specify ______________________
III. NUMBER OF COLONIES
Started colonies:
No. of frames
Present colonies:
No. of frames
__1 colonies
__ 10 frames/colony
__1 colonies
__ 10
__ 2 colonies
__ 10-15
__ 2 colonies
frames/colony
__ 2 - 5 colonies
frames/colony
__ 2 - 5 colonies
__ 10-15
__others, specify
__15-20
__others, specify
frames/colony
________________
frames/colony
________________
__15-20
__
__others, specify
__
frames/colony
_________________
__others, specify
__
______________
__
IV. AVERAGE INCOME ON BEEKEEPING PRODUCTION
Started income:
Present income:
__ less than P1000
__ less than P1000
__ P1000 to P5000
__ P1000 to P5000
__more than P5000
__more than P5000
__others, pls. specify
__others, pls. specify
V. BEE PROJECT INFORMATION
a. Did you attend seminars/ trainings related to beekeeping project?
__yes
__no
a.1. if yes, please write the seminars/ trainings attended:
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
Title
Date
_____________________________________________ ________________________
_____________________________________________ ________________________
_____________________________________________ _______________________
b. Are the things learned from the seminars/trainings attended was being applied on your
colonies?
__yes
__no
b.1. If yes, what are these learning’s applied?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________
b.2. If no, why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________
VI. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
What did you consider in establishing the location of your colony?
__ source of food for the bees
__ source of water
__ enough windbreaks especially during typhoon seasons
__ far away from areas with high pesticide/insecticidal spray usage
__ others pls, specify _______________________________________
COLONY HIVE MANAGEMENT
• Inspection of colonies
How many times in a month do you inspect your colonies?
__once a month
__twice a month
__thrice a month
__weekly
__ others, pls. specify ___________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
• Brood Rearing
Application
Concentration applied:
of
supplemental
Feeding
60% sugar +
40% sugar
50% sugar
2 part
1 part
2 part
40% water
+ 60%
+ 50%
sugar + 1
sugar + 1
sugar + 2
water
water
part water
part water
part water
Comb building
Maintenance
Brood Rearing
• Type of feeding apparatus used:
__ division board feeder
__bottle feeder
__ polyethylene bag feeder
__ other, pls. specify _____________
• Preparation of colonies for honey flow:
How many times do you check your colonies in preparation for honey flow?
__ once a week
__once a month
__twice a month
__twice a week
__ others, pls. specify _____________
VII.PRODUCTION PRACTICES
a. Experienced number of harvesting of honey in a year?
__once
__twice __others;
pls.
specify
_________________
b. What type of honey did you produced?
__ honey
__bee pollen
__ bee wax
__ propolis
__ others, pls. specify _____________
c. Volume of production produced?
__less than 10 bottles
__10-15 bottles
__more than 15 bottles
__others, pls. specify __________
d. Where do you disposed or sell your honey produced?
__directed to contact buyers
__market
__municipal
office
__Others;
pls.
specify____________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
VIII. PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES
PROBLEMS
STRATEGIES
Pest and diseases
a. Varroa Mites
Chemical Treatment:
__miticide fluvalinate(Apistan)
__apicure
__formic Acid
__folbes (chlorobenzilate)
__others,pls. specify ____________________
Bio-Technical
Method
__changing the bottom board of a hive
__encouraging worker bees to make drone
__using alagaw
__others, pls. specify
b. Wax Moth
__cleaning bottom boards
__keeping unused combs
__burning infested wax
__application of pesticide
__others, pls. specify_________________
c. Birds
__placing a net trap
__dispersing the colonies
__others, pls. specify__________________
d. Wasps and other pests
__using traps
__destroying mechanically
__making metal hive stand
__caught using insect nets
__others, pls. specify
e. Chalk brood
__young productive queens, new comb,
strengthening the colonies
__good colony management
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
__others, pls. specify ________________________
f. Sac brood
__requeening is practiced
__removal of infected brood
__others, pls. specify ________________________
g. American foul Brood/European foul __feeding the colonies with oxyletracycline
Brood
hydrochloride
__infected colonies burned
__other, pls. specify_________________________
h. Nosema
__adult bees transferred on the clean combs
__partial replacement of combs
__other, pls. specify_________________________
Problems affecting beekeeping in the area
i. poor marketing system
__contracting direct buyers
__promotion of the products
__others; pls. specify
____________________________________
j. lack of appropriate equipment
__acquiring loans from public or private used to buy
equipments
__borrowing tools from fellow beekeepers
__other, specify_____________________________
k. Kinds of biophysical factors affecting the beekeeping operations:
__strong wind during typhoon
__use of local hives
__lack of food source
__presence of natural vegetation
__too far water source for bees
__tree planting
__swarming of bees
__laying of traps
__prone to disturbance caused by human
__transferring the colonies to other places
and animals
__ other; pls. specify _________________________
__near from areas with high pesticide usage
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
IX. RECOMMENDATION
Please write some suggestions or recommendation on how the project implementers
should improve the status of beekeeping in the locality?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Assessment of the Beekeeping Project under the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation
(PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet / Judith B. Laongan. 2010
Document Outline
- Assessment of the Beekeeping Projectunder the Philippine Inter-University Cooperation (PIUC) in Kapangan, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- Rationale
- Statement of the Problem
- Objectives of the Study
- Significance of the Study
- Scope and Delimitations of the Study
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Beekeeping in the Philippines
- Beekeeping in the Cordillera
- Development Gaps
- Beekeeping as an Integral Activity
- Planning a Beekeeping Project
- Beekeeping as an Educational Activity
- Role of Environmental Impact Assessment
- Economic Impact Assessment
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
- Residence Information
- Number of Colonies
- Average Income
- Management Practices
- Production and Marketing
- Problems Encountered
- Strategies Employed
- The Project Co-Implementors
- Seminars Conducted
- Colonies Dispersed
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Summary
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDIX