BIBLIOGRAPHY

DADA-AN, MAJESREH A. APRIL 2010. Market Potential of Sunflower Extract
as Fertilizer and as Botanical Pesticide. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Clifton D. Llanes,
ABSTRACT

This study is about market potential of sunflower extract as fertilizer and as
botanical pesticide in La Trinidad. Interview guide were administered to 65 respondents
coming from the different barangays of the municipality.

The users of sunflower extract are in barangay Shilan and Balili and the non-users
are from Pico and Betag. Majority of the user are organic practitioner and few transitional
farmers.

The common use of sunflower extract to farmers is to fertilize the soil and as to
the effect as botanical pesticide the farmers claim that it has no effect as botanical
pesticide.

There is no standard application rate among farmers, though farmers intend to
increase utilization due to planned expansion of organic area, among other reasons.

The respondents are willing to pay P100 to P150 per liter of sunflower extract.
The non-user is not using sunflower extract because they do not know about it hence,
now that they know about it some of them are willing to use sunflower extract though,

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they must try and test it first. Additionally, most respondents say that they would produce
their own sunflower extract.

It is hence recommended for the establishment of information on the efficacy of
sunflower extract as fertilizer and as biological pest control to convince farmers and to
have non-users try and test it in their farms. This also requires the establishment of
standard rate of application. Further, a study on the economic costs and benefits of
sunflower extract production is likewise desired.
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i

Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii


INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

REVIEW OF LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5

METHODOLOGY


Locale and Time of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9


Respondent of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9


Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9

Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


Demographic Profile of the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10


Crop planted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10


Uses of Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14

Effects of Sunflower Extract
as Botanical Pesticide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20

Distribution of the User Respondent’s
According to Identified Pests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27


Volume of Sunflower Extract they Apply

per Week for every 250 m². . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29

Intensions of the Respondent
to Increase Utilization of Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
iii 
 

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Respondent’s Reasons of Increase
43
Utilization of Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50
Source of Sunflower Extract of the User. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source of Additional Sunflower Extract
52
of the Non-user. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Price that the Users are Willing to Pay
58
per Liter of Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61
Substitutes to Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason of the Non-user Why the
62
Respondent’s do not Use Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-user Respondent Willingness
65
to Use Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Factors that Convince Non-user
68
to Use Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS


Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73


Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75


Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76

LITERATURE CITED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77

APPENDIX


A. Interview Guide for the User
of Sunflower Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78


B. Interview Guide for
the Non-user. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80

 
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1
 
INTRODUCTION



Rationale


Vegetable production is one of the industries that play an important role in the
agricultural development of a country that is why it is one of the most important
industries in the Philippines.
The geometric increase in population necessitates an increase in food production.
Due to change in lifestyle of people, taste and preferences of consumers also change.
Current trend points to an increasing awareness and popularity of organic products thus
requiring farmers to shift to organic production. It is therefore necessary to use organic
fertilizer and pest control practice to meet this growing demand.
Fertilizer and pest control deserves special attention in farming enterprise. Plants
need a well balanced diet and to be pest free in order to grow vigorously and produce
maximum yield.
Pest control plays also an important role to plant development ensuring its
optimum yield. The use of sunflower extract has been identified as one of the
techniques/technologies most effective for organic agriculture. It is applied as foliar
fertilizer and for pest control.
There are studies done by Engineer Jerry Gonzales as cited by Allad-iw (2006),
DA-PhilRice (2004), and Michael Bengwayan (2007) that claim sunflower contains
millions of beneficial nitrogen-fixing microbes that make phosphates and other soil
nutrients soluble and therefore readily absorbed by plants, and control the growth of soil-
borne pathogens, which causes diseases.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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It was found that sunflower leaves have high nitrogen content (2.9 percent oven
dry weight) and that fresh sunflower can give an equivalent of 60 N kg/ha. Aside from
being locally available and free, wild sunflower easily decomposes (7-10 days) and also
hastens the decomposition of other weeds. In sloping mountains, it helps to prevent soil
erosion. Wild sunflower can likewise be used as pest control agent, floor polish, and
firewood. In the Cordillera, it has been reported to control aphids in vegetables and
earthworms in rice paddies.
In other studies it is also evaluated by Malama that Sunflower pruning had 2.5%
N, 0.14% P, 4.20% K, 0.98% Ca, 0.32% Mg, 300ppm Fe and 11 ppm Zn. It is also
experimented that the effect shows that after a few minutes, the larvae and caterpillar
drop off the plants and die.
Natural Sunflower extract commonly called sunflower tea is produced and
available for sale at BSU Organic Demo Farm. These are presently produced in the
organic Demo farm coordinated by Dr. Jose G. Balaoing and Mr. Tinoyan. This is
available in 1.5 L container. The marketing of the sunflower that is still at the exploration
stage are well as its acceptability in the market. Further improvement on its quality and
packaging is still in development stage, however.
Given the promising contribution of the use of sunflower extract to organic
agriculture, there is hence a need to look into the acceptability and market potential of
sunflower extract as fertilizer and pesticide in order to explore its commercial potential.

Importance of the Study


Results of this research would indicate possibilities for the commercialization of
sunflower extract and thus would be basis for different consideration if such would be
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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pursued. Furthermore, the results could act as spring board for other researcher to
determine the viability of commercial production of sunflower extract or to explore
market potentials of other similar or substitute products.


Statement of the Problem

The
“1st Cordillera Organic Agriculture Congress” was held in the year 2006 that
envisioned to help CAR farmers maintain their market - or even expand it - through
organic farming, an agricultural method that eliminates chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.
Sunflower extract has been identified as one of the more promising techniques in
production. However, little is known about whether it has a commercial potential among
farmers or not. Hence, this study intends to answer the following questions:
1. Who are the users and non-users of sunflower extract?
2. For what purpose sunflower extract is used?
3. How much quantity of sunflower extract do the users apply per time period?
4. Do they intend to increase the volume of utilization of sunflower extract?
5. What are the reasons of increasing the utilization?
6. Where do they source sunflower extract?
7. What price is acceptable to buyers or potential buyers?
8. Are there substitute for sunflower extract as either a fertilizer or as botanical
pesticide?
9. What are the reason non-users don’t apply sunflower extract?
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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10. What are the conditions that would encourage the non-users to employ sunflower
extract?


Objectives of the Study

1. To identify the users and non-user of the sunflower extract.
2. To determine the uses of sunflower extract.
3. To determine the quantity of utilization of sunflower extract per time period.
4. To determine possible increase in utilization of sunflower extract.
5. Identify the reasons for possible increase the volume of utilization.
6. To identify the users’ sources of sunflower extract.
7. To determine the acceptable price of sunflower extract among users.
8. To identify direct substitutes for sunflower extract.
9. To determine reasons of non-user don’t employ sunflower extract.
10. To identify condition that would encourage non-users to employ sunflower
extract.


Scope and Delimitation


The research focused on describing the market potential of sunflower extract as
pesticide and as fertilizer in La Trinidad, Benguet. The research will be conducted on
December, 2009. Respondentss of the study will be identified users and some non-uses of
sunflower extract.



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE



Montanosa Research and Development Center (MRDC) noted that in Barangay
Balugan, Sagada, Mountain Province used an average of 500 tons of fungicide, 500,000
liters of pesticides and 15,000 tons of commercial fertilizers had been disposed yearly in
the vegetable belt in the region alone. MRDC stated that these amount to half a billion
pesos.
Cheng and Bersamira as cited by Wolfe (2006) studied the health and
environment hazards of pesticides in the vegetable district in Benguet. They concluded
that the volume of pesticides and fungicides poured into Benguet’s vegetable pot in a
year, if used in a biological warfare, is enough to kill the total population of the country.


Popular Practices
in Organic Agriculture

Fernandez (2004) reported that for centuries, farmers in Ifugao and Mountain
Province have been using this plant known as Sunflower to fertilize rice, vegetables, and
sweet potato. The fertilizer value of wild sunflower has been confirmed in recent
researches done by the Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rice Research Institute
(DA-PhilRice) in 2004.


The Use of Sunflower Extract
in Organic Agriculture

Allad-iw (2006) started that according to Gonzales, a partner of Montanosa
Research Development Center (MRDC) in the Bio-Green project, that sunflower is used
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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as fertilizer. Bio-Green is a microbial organic fertilizer which would address the agro-
chemical dependent farmers and acidic-turned farms in the vegetable and rice producing
areas of the Cordillera. He explained that as a microbial fertilizer, it contains millions of
beneficial nitrogen-fixing microbes that make phosphates and other soil nutrients soluble
and therefore readily absorbed by plants, and control the growth of soil-borne pathogens,
which cause plant diseases.“The fertilizer is environment-friendly as it does not cause
soil acidity and does not toxify water and atmosphere,” Gonzales told Nordis after the
demonstration, adding it has high NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium)
necessary during seedling root development and survival. It is also a soil conditioner that
improves soil structure, increases the ability of the soil to hold water and nutrients, and
provides better aeration added Gonzales, an advocate of organic farming.
Bengwayan (2007) blogged his application of botanical insecticide. It is prepared
using half drum of water, wild sunflower (Tithanium diversifolia) shoots, kakawate
(Madre de cacao leaves and cigarette butts). The effect shows that after a few minutes,
the larvae and caterpillar drop off the plants and dies. The sunflower and kakaw leaves
have properties that kill off the worms. The effect of both leaves is made more potent by
the tar and nicotine extracts from the cigarette butts. This is his effective, simple and
inexpensive control for worms and larvae. He warn though, that the only disadvantage is
that the decoction smells and the applicator should cover all his body and face to prevent
the smell from sticking to his skin. But the extract is safe when in contact with the skin.
As cited by Fernandez (2004) , PhilRice researchers have found that sunflower
leaves have high nitrogen content (2.9 percent oven dry weight) and that fresh sunflower
can give an equivalent of 60 N kg/ha. Aside from being locally available and for free,
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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wild sunflower easily decomposes (7-10 days) and also hastens the decomposition of
other weeds. In sloping mountains, it helps prevent soil erosion. Wild sunflower can
likewise be used as pest control agent, floor polish, and firewood. In the Cordillera, it has
been reported to control aphids in vegetables and earthworms in rice paddies.

Bengwayan (2007) blogged that no pesticide is used on all crops. As of now no
insect pest has attacked the succhini, lettuce and potatoes but a few diamonback moth
(Plutella xylostella) are attacking the cabbages. We have prepared a botanical control of
sunflower extract (Tithonia diversifolia) to be used against the pest.

Threats of Sunflower Production
and Utilization

Bengwayan (2008) blogged that agriculture industry in north Luzon is in danger
of declining because of organic gardening. This is because organic gardeners are cutting
all visible wild sunflower plants (Tithanium diversilfolia) which they widely compost for
fertilizer. As a result, the bees in this region that depend heavily on nectar and pollen
produced by the sunflowers have difficulty foraging for food.
On the other hand Caluza (2009) reported that La Trinidad, Benguet —
Agriculturists have asked farmers to stop using sunflower as compost after they observed
that honey production started to drop in areas where the plants used to thrive. As cited by
Caluza (2009), Ananayo, chief of the agribusiness and marketing assistance division of
the Department of Agriculture in the Cordillera and also a beekeeper agreed on this and
also blamed changing weather for the decrease in honey production.



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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Independent Variables Dependent Variables

>Farmers demographic profile. >Status and nature of Utilization of
>Farm profile Quantity (volume) of utilization of
>Appreciation/ Recognition on uses Sunflower Extract
of Sunflower Extract >Potential increase of utilization
>Access to Sunflower Extract sunflower extract
>Sunflower Extract price >Substitution for Sunflower Extract


Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study



Definition of Terms

Agro-chemical farmers- farmers with the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers, raw
or unprocessed organic fertilizer – such as chicken dung– which aggravates soil
destruction and acidity and contributes to the prevalence of pest and diseases.
Bio-green- composed of 70 percent chicken dung and 30 percent sunflower plant

Population geometric increase- population an increase in an area

Market potential- the possibility to commercialize and market a product due to the
existence of a substantial demand for it.

Sunflower Extract- an extract from compost sunflower used either as fertilizer or
pesticide.

Transitional farmer- farmer applying a mix of conventional farming practices and
principles of organic farming.

Weeds- different grasses grow in the field











Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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METHODOLOGY



Locale and Time of the Study


The study was conducted in La Trinidad, Benguet. This place was selected
because of the comparatively wide area used for organic farming. Furthermore, farmers
in this place is produced lettuce, cabbage, and petchay are produced which leafy
vegetables are requiring significant efforts in pest control for their cultural management.


Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were farmers of La Trinidad, Benguet who were
growing lettuce, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and petchay. The sampling method used was
“Random sampling” where in, 65 farmers of La Trinidad were take as respondents.


Data Collection

An interview guide for both users and non-users was used to gather the needed
data and relevant information from respondents. The interview guide was formulated
based on the objective of the study which was used to determine potential demand for
sunflower extract.


Data Analysis


The researcher used the descriptive method and including the percentage,
frequency distribution and mean.


Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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RESULTS AND DICUSSION


Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 presents the profile of respondents as grouped into various demographic
characterize of the 65 respondents 29 (44.6%) were user and 36 (55.4%) were non-user of
sunflower extract Majority (67.7%) of the respondents were male and most (81%) were
between the age of 25 to 54 years old. The oldest respondents being above 65 years old.
Respondents from barangay Pico composed 24.6% of the total respondents with
most of them (23.1%) being non-user of sunflower extract. Balili follows with 10(15.4%)
respondents.
Close to half (46.2%) of the respondents were classified transitional organic with
only 10 (15.4%) conventional farmers.

A significant number of respondents (83.1%) have been farming for more than 10
years with 19 (29.2%) respondents farming for more than 30 years. Majority (56.9%) of
the respondents farm on less than 1000 m² area and majority (76%) operate an organic
farm area less than 900 m²Most of them are relatively new practitioner of organic
farming with only one (3.8%) practicing for over 11 years.

Crop Planted

Table 2 presents the crop planted by respondents as grouped into type of farmer,
years of farming, farm size, organic area and length of time as organic farmers. Majority
(61.5%) of the respondent’s plant lettuce and only 26 (40%) of them plant petchay.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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Lettuce is more popular vegetable planted among transitional, conventional and
organic farmers alike. Petchay is the next popular crop by both organic and conventional.


Table 1. Demographic profile of respondents


USER
NON-USER
TOTAL
PARTICULARS
F % F % F %

Age


<25
1 01.6 03 4.80 04 06.3

25-34
8 12.7 10 15.9 18 28.6

35-44
10 15.9 06 9.50 16 25.4

45-54
6 09.5 11 17.5 17 27.0

55-64
1 01.6 03 4.80 04 06.3

65+
1 01.6 03 4.80 04 06.3

TOTAL
27 42.9 36 57.1 63 100

Sex


Male
20 30.8 24 36.9 44 67.7

Female
9 13.8 12 18.5 21 32.3

Total
29 44.6 36 55.4 65 100

Place


Alapang
3 04.6 0 00.0 03 04.6

Bahong
0 00.0 1 01.5 01 01.5

Balili
6 09.2 4 06.2 10 15.4

Beckel
3 04.6 4 06.2 07 10.8

Bineng
2 03.1 0 00.0 02 03.1

Betag
1 01.5 6 09.2 07 10.8

Pico
1 01.5 15 23.1 16 24.6

Puguis
2 03.1 2 03.1 04 06.2

Poblasion
0 00.0 3 04.6 03 04.6

Shilan
8 12.3 0 00.0 08 12.3

Ambiong
3 04.6 0 00.0 03 04.6

Longlong
0 00.0 1 01.5 01 01.5

TOTAL 29
44.6
36
55.4
65
100





Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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Table 1 continued…


USER
NON-USER
TOTAL
PARTICULARS
F % F % F %

Type of farmer







Organic

18 27.7 7 10.8 25 38.5

Transitional 10 15.4 20 30.8 30 46.2

Conventional 1 1.5 9 13.8 10 15.4

TOTAL
29 44.6 36 55.4 65 100

Years of farming







25-30
8 12.3 03 04.6 11 16.9

20-24
6 09.2 04 06.2 10 15.4

15-19
4 06.2 03 04.6 07 10.8

10-14
2 03.1 05 07.7 07 10.8

5-9
2 03.1 03 04.6 05 07.7

<5

6 01.5 05 07.7 06 09.2

30+
6 09.2 13 20.0 19 29.2

TOTAL
29 44.6 36 55.4 65 100

Farm size(m²)







<1000
13 20.0 24 36.9 37 56.9

1000-2799 09 13.8 06 09.2 15 23.1

2800-4599 03 04.6 03 04.6 6 9.2

4600-6399 01 01.5 02 03.1 3 4.6

6400-8199 01 01.5 00 00.0 1 1.5

8200+
02 03.1 01 01.5 3 4.6

TOTAL
29 44.6 36 55.4 65 100

Organic area(m²)







<500
5 20 3 12 08 32

500-899
8 32 3 12 11 44

900-1299
1 04 0 00 01 04

1300-1699 2 08 0 00 02 08

1700-2099 1 04 1 04 02 08

2100+
1 04 0 00 01 04

TOTAL
18 72 7 28 25 100

Length of time as






organic practitioner

<2
3 11.5 1 3.8 4 15.4

2-4
8 30.8 2 7.7 10 38.5

5-7
5 19.2 1 3.8 6 23.1

8-10
3 11.5 2 7.7 5 19.2

11+
0 00.0 1 3.8 1 03.8

TOTAL 19
73.1
7
26.9
26
100

Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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Table 2. Crop planted

CROP
PLANTED
PARTICULARS PETCHAY
CABBAGE
CHINESE
LETTUCE
CABBAGE

F % F % F
% F %

Type of farmer




Organic
13 20.0 6 9.2 1 1.5 14 21.5
Transitional 08 12.3 4 6.2 2 3.1 21 32.3
Conventional 05 07.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 05 07.7

TOTAL
26 40 10 15.4 3 4.6 40 61.5

Years of farming








25-30
8 12.3 3 4.6 1 1.5 5 07.7
20-24
5 07.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 09.2
15-19
1 01.5 2 3.1 1 1.5 5 07.7
10-14
1 01.5 1 1.5 0 0.0 5 07.7
5-9
2 03.1 1 1.5 0 0.0 3 04.6
<5

1 01.5 2 3.1 1 1.5 5 07.7
30+
8 12.3 1 1.5 0 0.0 11 16.9

TOTAL
26 40 10 15.4 3 4.6 40 61.5

Farm size










<1000
14 21.5 5 7.7 1 1.5 23 35.4
1000-2799 07 10.8 4 6.2 1 1.5 08 12.3
2800-4599 02 03.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 04 06.2
4600-6399 00 00.0 0 0.0 1 1.5 03 04.6
6400-8199 01 01.5 1 1.5 0 0.0 00 00.0
8200+
02 03.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 02 03.1

TOTAL
26 40 10 15.4 3 4.6 40 61.5

Organic area










<500
5 20 2 08 0 0 3 12
500-899
3 12 3 12 1 4 9 36
900-1299
1 04 0 00 0 0 0 00
1300-1699 1 04 1 04 0 0 1 04
1700-2099 2 08 0 00 0 0 0 00
2100+
1 04 0 00 0 0 1 04

TOTAL
13 52 6 24 1 4 14 56



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
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Table 2 continued…

CROP
PLANTED
PARTICULARS PETCHAY
CABBAGE
CHINESE
LETTUCE
CABBAGE

F % F % F
% F %

Length of time as










organic practitioner

<2
1 03.8 2 7.7 0 0.0 1 03.8 4 15.4

2-4
6 23.1 1 3.8 0 0.0 4 15.4 10
38.5

5-7
5 19.2 2 7.7 1 3.8 4 15.4 6 23.1

8-10
2 07.7 1 3.8 0 0.0 4 15.4 5 19.2

11+
0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.8 1 03.8

TOTAL
14 53.8 6 23.1 1 3.8 14 53.8 26 100

*Multiple response


Uses of Sunflower Extract
Table 3 presents the uses of sunflower extract related to the type of farmer.
Majority (72.4%) of the respondents use sunflower extract to fertilize the soil and
15(15%) of them are organic. The 3(10.3%) of the respondents said that sunflower
extract increased the soil ability to hold water and 2(6.9%) of them are transitional
farmers. Only 1(3.4%) organic said that they use sunflower extract for better aeration.
The 2(6.9%) of the respondents said that they use sunflower extract because it is organic.
Table four presents the uses of sunflower related to the length of time as organic
of the respondents. Majority (55.2%) of respondents use sunflower extract to fertilize the
soil and 6(20.7%) of them are respondents who practiced organic for two to four years.
Respondents that practice organic for five to seven years follows with 5(17.2%).

Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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15
 
Table 3. Uses of sunflower extract related to type of farmer

USES OF SUNFLOWER
TYPE OF FARMERS
EXTRACT
ORGANIC
TRANSITIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
TOTAL
 
F % F % F %
F %

Fertilize the soil
15
51.7
5 17.2 1 3.4
21 72.4



Conditions and
03
10.3
2
06.9
0
0.0
05 17.2
improves the soil



Increase the soil
01
3.4
2
06.9
0
0.0
03 10.3
ability to hold water



For better aeration
01
3.4
0
00.0
0
0.0
01 03.4



Increases leaves
0.0
0.0
1
03.4
0
0.0
01 03.4
number



Cheap source
0.0
0.0
1
03.4
0
0.0
01
03.4
Organic 1.0
3.4
1
03.4
0
0.0
02
06.9

TOTAL
18.0
62.1
10
34.5
1
3.4
29
100

*Multiple response



Table 4. Uses of sunflower extract related to length of time as organic practitioner

Uses of sunflower extract Length of time as organic practitioner
<2
2-4
5-7
8-10
Total
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%


Fertilize
the
soil
3 10.3 6 20.7 5 17.2 2 6.9 16 55.2
Conditions and improves
the
soil
1 03.4 2 06.9 0 00.0 1 3.4 04 13.8
Increase the soil ability to
hold
water
0 00.0 1 03.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

For
better
aeration
1 03.4 0 00.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 01 05.3
Organic
0 00.0 1 03.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 01 03.4


TOTAL
5 17.2 10 34.5 5 17.2 3 10.3 23 79.3


*Multiple response
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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16
 
Table 5 presents the uses of sunflower extract related to the uses of sunflower
extract related to the farm size of respondents. Majority (72.4%) of the respondents used
sunflower extract to fertilize the soil and 11(37.2%) of them respondents has less than
1000m² farm size. Respondents that has 1000 to 2799 m² follows with six (20.7%).
Table 6 presents the uses of sunflower extract related to the organic area of the
respondents. Majority (51.7%) of the respondents said that they use sunflower extract to
fertilize the soil and (20.7%) of them has 500 to 899 m².
Table 7 presents the uses of sunflower extract related to the years of farming.
Majority (72.4%) of the respondents said that they use sunflower extract to fertilize the
soil, where the respondents are farming 25 years above. The sunflower extract most uses
it to fertilize the soil among organic, transitional and conventional. Conditions the soil
follows hence, base on the length of time as organic practitioner they uses it most to
condition the soil. The highest (27.6%) respondents according to years of farming are
between 25 to 30 years. The respondents that has 20 to 24 years farming follows with six
(20.7%).

Overall, (4 to 7) result show that sunflower extract is used by most (72%)
respondents to fertilize the soil more than any other use.

(Table 4 to 6) show that majority (55.2% and 51.7%,respectively) of the organic
practitioner base on the length of time as practitioner and organic farm size, use
sunflower extract to fertilize the soil. Results imply that farmers of green leafy vegetable
use sunflower extract for fertilizer as they know its efficacy but are unclear on its efficacy
as a bio-pest control.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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17
 
Table 5. Uses of sunflower extract related to farm size


Farm size(m²)
Uses of sunflower
<1000 1000-2799 2800-4599 4600-6399 6400-8199 8200+
Total
extract

F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Fertilize
the
soil
11 37.2 6 20.7 2 6.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 6.9 21 72.4
Conditions and
improves
the
soil
03 10.3 0 00.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 05 17.2
Increase the soil ability
to
hold
water
02 06.9 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 03 10.3
For
better
aeration
01 03.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
Increases leaves
number
00 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
Cheap
source
00 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
Organic
00 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 02 06.9
Tradition
00 00.0 0 00.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
13 44.8 9 31.0 3 10.3 1 3.4 3.4 3.4 6.9 6.9 29 100

*Multiple response








Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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18
 
Table 6. Uses of sunflower extract related to the organic area


Organic area (m²)
Uses of sunflower
<500 500-899
900-1299
1300-1699
1700-2099
2100+ Total
extract

F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Fertilize
the
soil
4 13.8 6 20.7 1 3.4 2 6.9 1 3.4 1 3.4 15 51.7
Conditions and

improves
the
soil
1 03.4 1 03.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 03 03.4
Increase the soil
ability
to
hold
water 1 03.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
For
better
aeration
0 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
Organic
0 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
5 17.2 8 27.6 1 3.4 2 6.9 1 3.4 1 3.4 18 62.1

*Multiple response












Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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19
 
Table 7. Uses of sunflower extract related to years of farming


YEARS OF FARMING
USES OF SUNFLOWER
25-30 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9
<5
30+
TOTAL
EXTRACT

F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Fertilize
the
soil
7 24.1 2 6.9 3 10.3 0 0.0 2 6.9 1 3.4 6 20.7 21 72.4
Conditions and
improves
the
soil
3 10.3 0 0.0 1 03.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 03 10.3
Increase the soil
ability
to
hold
water 0 00.0 2 6.9 0 00.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4 01 03.4
For
better
aeration
0 00.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 03.4
Increases leaves
number
0 00.0 1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 03.4
Cheap
source
0 00.0 1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 02 06.9
Organic
0 00.0 1 3.4 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 03.4
Tradition
0 00.0 1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
8 27.6 6 20.7 4 13.8 2 6.9 2 6.9 1 3.4 6 20.7 29 100


*Multiple response


Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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20
 
Effect of Sunflower Extract as Botanical Pesticide

Table 8 presents the effects of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to
the organic area.
The eight (27.6%) respondents are the respondents that have 500 to 899m²
organic area. The respondents that has less than 500 m² organic area follows with five
(17.2%) respondents.
The (34.5%) of the respondents said that there is no effect of sunflower extract as
botanical pesticide and 4(13.8%) of them has 500 to 899m². Only 6 respondent said that
the it controls and kills the pest.
Table 9 presents the type of farmer and the effect of sunflower extract as botanical
pesticide. Majority (62.1%) of the respondents are organic practitioner. Transitional
farmer follows with (34.5%) respondents. The (41.4%) respondents said that it kills and
controls.

Most (34.2%) respondents that practice organic said that the sunflower extract
kills controls and incapacitate the pest.

This imply that the respondents that tells that the sunflower extract has no effect
as botanical pesticide is higher than the respondents that tells that sunflower extract is
effective as botanical pesticide.
Table 10 presents what is the effect of sunflower extract as Botanical pesticide
related to years of farming. The highest (27.6%) respondents are the respondents that
have 25 to 30 years farming and 6 (20.7%) of them said that it has no effect as botanical
pesticide. The farmers that has 20 to 24 years farming follows with six (20.7%)
respondents.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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21
 
The highest (41.4%) percentage of respondents said that sunflower extract has no
effect as botanical pesticide. The respondent that tell it kills and incapacitate follows with
6 (20.7%) respondent.
There are more respondents who claim that sunflower extract has no effect as
botanical pesticide than those who say it does have an effect.
Table 11 presents the effect of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to
length of time as organic practitioner.
Most (42.1%) respondents have two to four years practicing organic. The
respondents practicing organic for five to seven years follows with three (26.3%)
respondents. The (57.9%) of the respondents said that the sunflower extract has no effect
as sunflower extract. The (17.2%) respondents from the 57.9% respondents answered that
sunflower extract has no effect as botanical pesticide hence, six (20.7%) respondents
answered that sunflower extract kills and control pest.

Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

22
 
Table 8. Effects of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to organic area


Organic area (m²)
EFFECT OF
<500 500-899
900-1299
1300-1699 1700-2099 2100+ TOTAL
SUNFLOWER

EXTRACT

F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Kills
the
pest
1 03.4 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 03 10.3
Controls
the
pest 2 06.9 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 03 10.3
Makes the pest

dizzy
0 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
None
2 06.9 4 13.8 1 3.4 2 6.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 10 34.5
Scared
0 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
5 17.2 8 27.6 1 3.4 2 6.9 1 3.4 1 3.4 18 62.1

*Multiple response






Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

23
 
Table 9.Effects of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to the type of farmer


Type of farmer
Effect of sunflower
Organic Transitional
Conventional Total
extract

F % F % F % F %

Kills
the
pest
03 10.3 3 10.3 0 0 6 20.7
Controls
the
pest 03 10.3 2 10.3 0 0 6 20.7
Makes the pest dizzy
01 03.4 4 13.8 0 0 5 17.2
All of the above
10
34.2
2
06.9
0
0
12
41.4
Do not know
00
0
0
0
1
3.4
1
03.4
Scared
01
03.4
0 0 0 0 1
03.4

TOTAL
18 62.1 10 34.5 1 3.4 29 100

*Multiple response








Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

24
 
Table 10. Effects of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to the years of farming


YEARS OF FARMING
EFFECT OF
25-30 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9
<5 30+ TOTAL
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT

F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Kills
the
pest
0 00.0 1 3.4 2 06.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 2 6.9 06 20.7
Controls the pest
1 03.4 1 3.4 3 10.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 06 20.7
Makes the pest
dizzy
0 00.0 2 6.9 0 00.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 6.9 5 
17.2 
none
6 20.7 2 6.9 0 00.0 1 3.4 2 6.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 12 41.4
Do
not
know
0 00.0 1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
Scared
1 03.4 0 0.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
8 27.6 6 20.7 4 13.8 2 6.9 2 6.9 1 3.4 6 20.7 29 100

*Multiple response




Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

25
 
Table 11. Effects of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to the length of time as organic practitioner


EFFECT AS BOTANICAL PESTICIDE
LENGTH OF TIME AS
KILLS THE
CONTROLS
MAKES THE
NONE
SCARED
TOTAL
ORGANIC
PEST
THE PEST
PEST DIZZY
PRACTITIONER

F % F % F % F % F % F %

<2
1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 03.4 0 0 3 15.8
2-4
2 6.9 2 6.9 0 0.0 4 13.8 0 0 8 42.1
5-7
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 17.2 0 0 5 26.3
8-10
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 5.3 1 5.3 3 15.8

TOTAL
3 10.3 3 10.3 1 3.4 11 57.9 1 5.3 19 65.5

*Multiple response






Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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26
 
Table 12 presents the effect of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to
the farm size of the respondents.
Most (44.8%) respondents have less than 1000m² and 10.3% of them said that
sunflower extract kills the pest. The respondents that have 1000 to 2799m² farm follows
with 9(31%) respondents. Most (41.4%) of the respondents said that sunflower extract
has no effect botanical pesticide.

The table’s 8 to 12 imply that the most respondents said that sunflower extract has
no effect as botanical pesticide.


Table 12. Effects of sunflower extract as botanical pesticide related to the farm


EFFECT AS BOTANICAL PESTICIDE
FARM
KILLS
CONTRO
MAKES
NONE
DO
SCARE
TOTAL
SIZE(m²)
THE
LS THE
THE
NOT
D
PEST
PEST
PEST
KNO
DIZZY
W
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F %
F
%
F
%

<1000
3 10.3 4
13.8 2 06.9 3 10.3 1 3.4 1
3.4 14 44.8
1000-2799 2 06.9 1 3.4 3 10.3 4 13.8 0 0.0 0
0.0 09 31.0
2800-4599 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 3 10.3 0 0.0 0
0.0 03 10.3
4600-6399 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 0
0.0 00 00.0
6400-8199 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0
0.0 01 03.4
8200+
1 03.4 0 0.0 0 00.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0
0.0 02 06.9

TOTAL 6 20.7 6 17.2 5 17.2 12 41.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 29 100

*Multiple response
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

27
 
Distribution of the User Respondent’s
According to Identified Pests

Table 13 presents the kinds of pests that sunflower extract controls related to
different demographic profile. The six (20.7%) respondents has two to four years
practicing organic practitioner and 3(10.3%) of them said that it kills/control/ and
incapacitate the caterpillar. The five (17.2%) said that it kill/ control/ and incapacitate the
caterpillar pest and three (10.3%) of them practice organic for two to four years. Only
2(6.9%) respondents have eight to 10 years practicing organic said that the sunflower
extract kills/ control and incapacitate the beetles.
The relationship of pests that sunflower extract controls related to farm size. The
(31 %) respondents has less than 1000 m² farm area and 17.2 % of them said that
sunflower extract kills/control and incapacitate the pest caterpillar. The (27.6 %)
respondents of user respondents said that it kills/control and incapacitate the caterpillar
and other insects and five (17.2%) of them has less than 1000 m² farm. The five (17.2%)
of the respondents said that sunflower extract kills/ control and incapacitate the flies pest
and two (6.9%) of them are respondents has 1000 to 2799 m² farm.
The relationship of pests that sunflower extracts controls and the organic area.
The (17.2%) respondents that has 500 to 899m² organic area said that sunflower extract
kills/control/ make it dizzy the caterpillar pest and 3(10.3%) of them has 500 to 899 m²
organic area. Only 2(6.9%) of the respondents said that sunflower extract kills/ control
and incapacitate the beetles.
The relationships of the pests that sunflower extract controls and the years of
farming. The 8(27.6%) of the respondents said that it kills/ control and incapacitate the
caterpillar and 3(10.3%) of them has less than five years farming. The respondents that
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

28
 
has 25 to 30 years farming follows with (6.9%). The five (17.9%) of the respondents said
that it kills/ control and incapacitate the flies and two (6.9%) of them has 25 to 30 years
of farming. The relationship of the pests that sunflower extract controls and to the length
of time as organic practitioner. The (31%) respondents practice organic and 17.2 % of
them said that it kills/control and incapacitate is the caterpillar pest. The (27.6%)
respondents said that it kills/control/make it dizzy the caterpillar. On the transitional
farmers they are well distributed on the kinds of pests that sunflower extract kills/ control
and incapacitate is the caterpillar, sap to feeding insect and flies.


Table 13. Distribution of respondent’s according to kinds of pests it control


PEST DOES IT CONTROL/KILL/MAKE IT DIZZY

CATERPILLAR
BEETLES
SAP-FEEDING
FLIES
TOTAL
INSECT PEST
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%

Length of time as










organic practitioner
<2
2 06.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 06.9
2-4
3 10.3 0 0.0 1 3.4 2 6.9 6 20.7
8-10
0 00.0 2 6.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 06.9

TOTAL
5 17.2
2 6.9 1 3.4 2 6.9
10 34.5

Farm
size(m²)

<1000
5 17.2 3 10.3 2 6.9 1 3.4 11

37.9
1000-2799 2 06.9 0 00.0 2 6.9 2 6.9 05 20.7
2800-4599 0 00.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 01 03.4
4600-6399 0 00.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 01 03.4
8200+
1 03.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
8 27.6 3 10.3 4 13.8 5 17.2 17 58.6






Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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29
 
Table 13 continued…


PEST DOES IT CONTROL/KILL AND INCAPACITATE
PARTICULARS
CATER-PILLAR
BEETLES
SAP-FEEDING
FLIES
TOTAL
INSECT PEST
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%


Years
of
farming


25-30
0 0.0 2 6.9 1 3.4 2 6.9 5 17.2

20-24
2 6.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 3.4 4 13.8

15-19
2 6.9 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 4 13.8

10-14
1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4

5-9
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 03.7

<5

3 10.3 0 0.0 2 6.9 0 0.0 5 17.2

TOTAL
8 27.6 3 10.3 4 13.8 5 17.2 20 69

Type of farmer










Organic
5 17.2 2 6.9 1 03.4 2 06.9 10 34.5
Transitional
3 10.3 1 3.4 3 10.3 3 10.3 10 34.5

TOTAL
8 27.6 3 10.3 4 13.8 5 17.2 20 69

*Multiple response



Volume of Sunflower Extract they
Apply per Week for every 250m²

Table 14 presents how much volume of sunflower extract that the respondents
apply per week for every 250 m² related to what type of farmer.
Majority (62.1%) of the respondents who use sunflower extract are organic
practitioner and only six (20.7%) of them said that they use one drum or 160 liter for
every 250 m² per week. The 4(13.8%) respondents from the transitional farmers use 160L
of sunflower extract per week. The 10 (34.5%) respondents are transitional and four
(13.8%) of them uses 160 liters of sunflower extract.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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30
 
This implies that the (20.7%) organic farmers use more sunflower extract than
other type of farmer.


Table 14. Volume of sunflower they per week in 250m² area related to the user type of

farmer


TYPE OF FARMER
VOLUME OF
ORGANIC
TRANSITIONAL CONVENTIONAL TOTAL
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT THEY
APPLY PER WEEK
IN 250 m ²
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%


one
liter
2 06.9 0 00.0 0 0 03 10.3

2L
0 00.0 0 00.0 1 3.4 01 03.4

4L
1 03.4 3 10.3 0 0 04 13.8

5L
4 13.8 0 00.0 0 0 04 13.8

1-drum
6 20.7 4 13.8 0 0 10 34.5

80L
1 03.4 2 06.9 0 0 03 10.3

It
depends
3 10.3 1 03.4 0 0 04 13.8

Total
18 62.1 10 34.5 1 3.4 29 100






X²=0
*-significant
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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31
 
Table 15 presents the volume of sunflower extract they apply per week for every
250m² related to the years of farming.
The 10(34.5%) respondents said that they use 160 liter of sunflower extract per
week for every 250 m² and four (13.8%) of them that has 25 to 30 years farming said that
they use 160L sunflower extract. The three (10.3%) of the respondents said that they
divided into three different years of farming.

Table 16 presents the volume of sunflower extract they apply per week related to
the farm size.
The nine (31%) of the respondents has 1000 to 2799 m² farm and four (13.8%) of
them will use one drum of sunflower extract per week for every 250 m². The 13(44.8%)
respondents that has less than 1000 m² farm and 4(13.8%) of them use 160 liter of
sunflower extract per week for every 250 m² farm. For the respondents that has the
widest farm said that he uses four liter of sunflower extract per week for every 250 m².

Overall most of the respondents use one drum or 160 liter per week for every 250
m² hence, the bigger number of respondents were distributed and said that they uses
lesser volume of sunflower extract per week for every 250 m².
Table 17 presents the volume of sunflower extract they apply per week for every
250m² related to the length of time as organic practitioner.
The eight (27.6%) of the respondents have practiced organic for two to four years
and three (10.3%) of them use four liter of sunflower extract per week for every 250 m².
The five (17.2%) have five to seven years practicing organic and two (6.9%) of them said
that it depends on the price of sunflower extract on how much volume they will use.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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32
 
Table 15. Volume of sunflower extract they apply per week in 250m² related to the user years of farming 


YEARS OF FARMING
VOLUME OF
25-30 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9
<5
30+ TOTAL
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT THEY
APPLY PER WEEK IN
250m²

F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

one
liter
0 00.0 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 03 10.3
2L
0 00.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
4L
0 00.0 1 3.4 2 6.9 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 04 13.8
5L
1 03.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 04 13.8
1-drum
4 13.8 2 6.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 2 6.9 10 34.5
80L
1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 3.4 03 10.3
It
depends
2 06.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 04 13.8

TOTAL
8 27.6 6 20.7 4 13.8 2 6.9 2 6.9 1 3.4 6 20.7 29 100








X²=.650







*-not
significant









Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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33
 
Table 16. Volume of sunflower extract they apply per week in 250m² related to the user farm size


VOLUME OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT THEY APPLY PER WEEK IN 250 m²
FARM
one liter
2L
4L
5L
1drum
80L
IT DEPENDS
TOTAL
SIZE(m²)
F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

<1000 3 10.3 1 3.4 2 6.9 1 3.4 4 13.8 0 0.0 2 6.9 13 44.8
1000-
2799 0 00.0 0 0 0 0.0 1 3.4 4 13.8 2 6.9 09 0 9 31.0
2800-
4599 0 00.0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4 1 3.4 00 0 3 10.3
4600-
6399 0 00.0 1 0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 00 0 1 03.4
6400-
8199 0 00.0 1 0 0 3.4 1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 00 0 1 03.4
8200+
0
00.0
0
0
0
3.4
1
3.4
1
03.4
0
0.0
00
0
2
06.9

TOTAL
3 10.3 1 3.4 4 13.8 4 13.8 10 34.5 3 10.3 2 6.9 29 100










X²=.561








*-not
significant
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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34
 
Table 17. Volume of sunflower extract they apply per week in 250m² related to the
user length of time as organic practitioner


VOLUME OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT THEY APPLY PER
WEEK IN 250m²
LENGTH OF TIME
ONE
4L 5L
1-DRUM 80L IT DEPENDS
TOTAL
AS ORGANIC
LITER
PRACTITIONER
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%

<2
1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 1
3.4 0
0 0 0.0 3 10.3
2-4
1 3.4 0 0.0 3 10.3 0
0.0 2 6.9 5.3 5.3 8 27.6
5-7
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3
10.3 0 0.0 2.0 6.9 5 17.2
8-10
1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 1
5.3 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 10.3

TOTAL
3 10.3 1 3.4 4 13.8 5
17.2 2 6.9 4
13.8 19 65.5









X²=.412









*-not significant



Table 18 presents the volume of sunflower extract they apply per week in every
250 m². The eight (27.6%) of the respondents has 500 to 899 m² organic area and three
(10.3%) of them use 160 liters of sunflower extract. Five liters follows with two (6.9%)
respondents. The five (17.2%) of the respondents has less than 500m² organic area and
two (6.9%) of them said that they use one liter of sunflower extract per week for every
250 m².









Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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35
 
Table 18. Volume of sunflower extract they apply per week in 250m² related to the

user organic area


VOLUME OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
THEY APPLY PER WEEK IN 250 m ²
ORGANIC
ONE
4L 5L
1-DRUM 80 L IT
TOTAL
AREA(m ²)
LITER
DEPENDS

F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

<500
2 6.9 0 0 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0 1 3.4 5 17.2
500-899
1 3.4 1 3.4 2 6.9 3 10.3 1 3.4 0 0.0 8 27.6
900-1299
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4
1300-1699 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 6.9 2 6.9
1700-2099 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4
2100+
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4

TOTAL
3 3.4 1 3.4 4 13.8 6 20.7 1 3.4 3 10.3 18 62.1











X²=.585









*-not significant




Table 19 presents how much volume they will use related to the length of time as
organic practitioner. The three (8.3%) of the respondents do not know how much volume
they will use and only 1(2.8%) respondents said that it depends on the price of sunflower
extract.
Table 20 presents the volume that the non user will use related to their type as a
farmer. Majority (52.8%) of the respondents do not know how much volume of
sunflower extract they will use and 11(30.6%) of them are transitional. The 2(5.6%)
respondents said that they will use two liters and only 1(2.8%) will use five hundred liter
of sunflower extract.



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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36
 
Table 19. Volume of sunflower extract related to the Non-user length of time as organic
practitioner


VOLUME THE NON-USER WILL USE
LENGTH OF TIME AS
DON’T KNOW
IT DEPENDS ON THE
TOTAL
ORGANIC
PRICE
PRACTITIONER
F
%
F
%
F
%


<2
1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

8-10 1 2.8 1 2.8 2 5.6

11+
1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

TOTAL 3
8.3
1
2.8
4
100










X²=.513






*-not
significant



Table 20. Volume of sunflower extract related to the Non-user type of farmer




VOLUME THAT THE NON-USER WILL USE
TYPE OF
DON’T
IT DEPENDS
2L 500ML
TOTAL
FARMER
KNOW
ON THE
PRICE

F % F % F % F % F %


Organic 03 08.3
1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0 04 11.1

Transitional
11.
30.6
1 2.8 2 5.6 1 2.8 15 41.7

Conventional
05 13.9
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 05 13.9

Total 19
52.8
2
5.6
2
5.6
1
2.8
24
66.7

X²=.684
*-not significant



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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37
 
Table 21 presents the volume of sunflower extract that the respondents will use
related to the farm size. Majority (52.8%) of the respondents said that they do not know
how much volume of sunflower extract they will use and 13 (36.1%) of them has less
than 1000m² farm. Fewer respondents know how much volume of sunflower extract they
will use.
Table 22 presents the volume of sunflower extract they will use related to their
organic area. The 3(8.3%) of the respondents do no know how much volume of
sunflower extract they will use and 2(5.6%) of them has less than 500m² organic area.


Table 21. Volume of sunflower extract related to the Non-user farm size


VOLUME THAT THE RESPONDENTS WILL USE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
FARM
DON’T
IT DEPENDS
2L 500ML
TOTAL
SIZE(m²)
KNOW
ON THE PRICE

F %
F
%
F
%
F
%
F %


<1000
13 36.1 1 2.8 2 5.6 1 2.8 17 47.2

1000-2799 2 05.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 02 05.6

2800-4599 3 10.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 03 10.3

4600-6399 1 02.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 02.8

8200+
0 00.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 02.8

TOTAL 19 52.8 2 5.6 2 5.6
1 2.8 24 66.7










X²=.363









*-not significant









Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

38
 
Table 22. Volume of sunflower extract related to the Non-user organic area


VOLUME OF THE SUNFLOWER EXTRACT THEY WILL USE
ORGANIC AREA (m²)
DO NOT KNOW
IT DEPENDS ON THE
TOTAL
PRICE
F % F % F %


<500
2 5.6 1 2.8 3 8.3

500-899 1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

TOTAL
3 8.3 1 2.8 4 11.1









X²=
.750









*-not significant



Market Potential of Sunflower Extract

Table 23 can not be correlated because there is no fixed or standard volume of
utilization of sunflower extract of the respondents. This means that we can not determine
the exact volume they are using and because of this we can not determine the market
potential of sunflower extract.









Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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39
 
Table 23. Regression of the Volume of sunflower extract related to the farm size

FARMER
FARM SIZE (m²)
VOLUME USED (L)

1 1000 5
2 500 1
3 6000 4
4 10000 160
5 4000 160
6 2000 160
7 500 2
8 2500 80
9 350 1
10 500 4
11 500 160
12 500 1
13 3000 80
14 250 160
15 500 4
16 1000 160
17 440 160
19 2600 160
21 10000 5
22 700 5
23 8000 5
24 700 160
26 1000 160
28 1000 80
29 4000 4

Total 61540 1881

Average 241.6
75.24



Regression: equation generated




79.47399 -0.00172
D=70.47-0.002X
Where: D= demand
19.9035 0.00521
D=19.9-0.00521X
X= farm size
76.10441 0.004717
D=76.1-0.004717X
23 0.1089
D
94 =23-0.108994X
133213.3 631.2789
D=133213.3-631.2789X
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

40
 
Intensions of the Respondent to
Increase Utilization of Sunflower
Extract

Table 24 presents the respondents intentions to increase utilization of sunflower
extract related to different demographic areas.
The relationship of intentions of the respondents to increase utilization of
sunflower extract to the years of farming. The eight (27.2%) of the respondents had 25 to
30 years of farming and half (13.8%) of it said that they will increase sunflower extract
and the other half will not. The six (20.7%) of the respondents had 20 to 24 years of
farming and five (17.2%) of them said they will increase utilization of sunflower extract.
Majority (72.4%) of the respondents said that they will increase utilization of sunflower
extract and eight (27.6%) of the respondents said they will not increase.
The relationship of intention of the respondents to increase utilization of
sunflower extract as to the length of time as organic practitioner. Majority (65.5%) of the
respondents said that they will not increase utilization and 12 (44.4%) of the respondents
said that they will increase utilization of sunflower extract. The five (17.2%) of the
respondents that has eight to 10 years practicing organic and three (10.3%) of them said
that they will not increase utilization of sunflower extract. The eight (27.6%) of the
respondents has two to four years practicing organic said that they will not increase
utilization of sunflower extract.
The relationship of intentions of the respondents and to the increase utilization of
sunflower extract to farm size. The (24.1%) respondents that has 1000 to 2799 m² said
that they will increase utilization of sunflower extract. Majority of the respondents said
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

41
 
(72.4%) said they will increase utilization of sunflower extract while (27.2%) said they
will not.
The relationship of intentions of the respondents and to the increase utilization of
sunflower extract to the respondent’s organic area. The eight (27.8%) has 500 to 899 m²
organic area and five (17.2%) of them said that they will increase utilization of sunflower
extract. The five (17.2%) of the respondents that has less than 500 m² organic area and
three (10.3%) of then said that they will increase utilization of sunflower extract. The 11
(37.9%) of the respondents said that they will increase utilization of sunflower extract.
The relationship of intensions of the respondents to increase utilization of
sunflower extract to the type farmer. The 18 (62.1%) of the respondents is organic
practitioner and 11 (37.9%) of them said that they will increase their utilization of
sunflower extract. The 10 (34.5%) of the respondents are transitional farmers and nine
(31%) of them said they will increase utilization.
Table 24 implies that the respondents that are organic and transitional have
intensions to increase utilization of sunflower extract. They are the farmers that has
longer period of farming and where the organic practitioner has two to seven years
practicing organic which is the time when consumers of leafy vegetables become health
conscious. The farmers that have small area will increase utilization of sunflower extract
and the respondents that have wider farms have smaller possibility to increase utilization
of sunflower extract.



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

42
 
Table 24. Intention of the respondent to increase utilization of sunflower extract


INTENTIONS OF THE FAMER TO INCREASE
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
PARTICULARS
WILL INCREASE
INTENSION TO
TOTAL
INCREASE
F
%
F
%
F
%

Years
of
farming

25-30
4 13.8 4 13.8 8 27.2

20-24
5 17.2 1 03.4 6 20.7

15-19
4 13.8 0 00.0 4 13.8

10-14
1 03.4 1 03.4 2 06.9

5-9
1 03.4 1 03.4 2 06.9

<5

1 03.4 0 00.0 1 03.4

30+
5 17.2 1 03.4 6 20.7

TOTAL
21 72.4 8 27.6 29 100









X²=.465*-not
significant

Length of time as






organic practitioner
<2
3
10.3
0
0.0
3
10.3

2-4
5 17.2 3 10.3 8 27.6
5-7
2
6.9
5
17.2
7
24.1
8-10
2
6.9
3
10.3
5
17.2

TOTAL
12
41.4
19
65.5
19
65.5










X²=.404
*-not significant
Farm size (m²)







<1000
7 24.1 4 13.8 11 37.9

1000-2799 7 24.1 2 06.9 09 31.0

2800-4599 2 06.9 1 03.4 03 10.3

4600-6399 1 03.4 0 00.0 01 03.4

6400-8199 1 03.4 0 00.0 01 03.4

8200+
1 03.4 1 03.4 02 06.9

TOTAL
21 72.4 8 27.6 29 100

X²=.257








*-not significant
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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43
 
Table 24 continued…


INTENTIONS OF THE FAMER TO INCREASE
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
PARTICULARS
WILL INCREASE
INTENSION TO
TOTAL
INCREASE
F
%
F
%
F
%

Organic
area(m²)

<500
3 10.3 2 06.9 5 17.2

500-899
5 17.2 3 10.3 8 27.6

900-1299 0 00.0 1 03.4 1 03.4

1300-1699 1 03.4 1 03.4 2 06.9

1700-2099 1 03.4 0 00.0 1 03.4

2100+
1 03.4 0 00.0 1 03.4

TOTAL 11
37.9
7
24.1
18
62.1

X²=.707
*-not significant
TYPE OF FARMER






Organic
04
11.1
3
08.3
07
19.4
Transitional
15
41.7
5
13.9
20
55.6
Conventional
05
13.9
4
11.1
09
25.0


TOTAL
24 66.7 12 33.3 36 100

X²=.257








*-not significant



Respondent’s Reasons of Increase
Utilization of Sunflower Extract

Table 25 presents why the respondents will increase utilization of sunflower
extract related to the respondents length of time as organic practitioner. Most the
respondents that practice organic practitioner for less than two years said that they will
increase utilization of sunflower extract to (6.9%) conditions the soil better. The 11
(37.9%) of the respondents is organic and two (6.9%) each of the reasons.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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44
 
Table 25. Respondent’s reasons of increase in sunflower extract utilization related

user type of farmer

TYPE OF FARMER
REASONS THEY
ORGANIC
TRANSITIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
TOTAL
INCREASE IN
SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
UTILIZATION

F % F % F % F %

Expansion of the area
2
6.9
2
6.9
0
0
4
13.8
Maintain the nitrogen of
the
soil
2 6.9 1 3.4 0 0 3 10.3
Soil
nutrient
depletion 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0 1 03.4
Defense on the needs of
the
plant
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0 1 03.4
Good
effect
on
plant 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 03.4
Conditions the soil
better
1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0 2 06.9
There is a source of
sunflower to be
extracted
1 3.4 2 6.9 0 0 3 10.3
Increase
fertility
2 6.9 0 0.0 0 0 2 06.9
Don’t
know
2 6.9 2 6.9 0 0 4 13.8
To
lessen
cost
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0 1 03.4

TOTAL
11
37.9 9 31 1 3.4 21
72.4

*Multiple response


This reason are expansion of the area, maintain the nitrogen of the soil, soil
nutrient depletion, increase fertility and they don’t know why will increase utilization of
sunflower extract. There are no dominant answer means there varied uses to varied users.
Table 26 presents the reason why the respondents will increase utilization of
sunflower extract related to the farm size of the respondents. Most of the respondents said
that the reason why they will increase utilization of sunflower extract because it has a
good effect on plant and they will (13.8%) expand their area.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

45
 
Table 27 presents the reason why the respondents will increase utilization
sunflower extract related to their organic area. Most of the respondents that have less than
500 m² said that they increase utilization of sunflower because they will (3.4%) expand
their area, (3.4%) if they will have source of sunflower to be extracted. Most of the
respondents said that they will increase utilization because they will expand their area,
maintain the nitrogen of the soil and conditions the soil better.
Table 28 presents the reasons why they increase sunflower extract related to farm
size. The 10 (34.5%) of the respondents has less than 1000 m² and two (6.9%) each of
this reasons, where this reasons are to maintain the nitrogen of the soil and conditions the
soil. The seven (24.1%) of the respondents has 1000 to 2799 m² and three (10.3%) of
them said that they do not know why they increase utilization of sunflower extract.
Table 29 presents the reason why they increase sunflower extract related to the
organic area. The five (17.2%) of the respondents has 500 to 899 m² and one (3.4%) each
to these following reasons.
















Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

46
 
Table 26. Respondent’s reasons of increase in sunflower extract utilization related to the

years of farming


YEARS OF FARMING
REASONS THEY
25 - 30 20 -24 15 -19 10 -14 5 - 9 <5 30+ TOTAL
INCREASE IN
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT
UTILIZATION

F % F % F % F % F % F % F
% F %

Expansion of the
area
1 3.4 1 3.4 2 6.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4
13.8
Maintain the
nitrogen of the
soil
1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 3
10.3
Soil nutrient
depletion
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1
03.4
Defense on the
needs of the
plant
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1
03.4
Good effect on
plant
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1
03.4
Conditions the
soil
better
1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 2
06.9
There is a source
of sunflower to
be
extracted
1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 3
10.3
Increase
fertility 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 2
06.9
Don’t
know
0 0.0 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 4
13.8
To
lessen
cost 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 1
03.4

TOTAL
4 13.8 5 17.2 4 13.8 1 3.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 5 17.2 21 72.4

*Multiple response
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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47
 
Table 27. Respondent’s reasons of increase sunflower extract utilization related to the length of time as organic practitioner


REASONS WHY THEY INCREASE SUNFLOWER EXTRACT UTILIZATION

LENGTH OF
EXPANSION MAINTAIN
SOIL
CONDITIONS
THERE IS A
INCREASE
DON’T
TOTAL
TIME AS
OF THE
THE
NUTRIENT
THE SOIL
SOURCE OF
FERTILITY
KNOW
ORGANIC
AREA
NITROGEN
DEPLETION
BETTER
SUNFLOWER
PRACTI-
OF THE
TO BE
TIONER
SOIL
EXTRACTED

F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %



<2
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 6.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 3 10.3
2
-
4
1 3.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 5 17.2
5-
7
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 6.9 2 06.9
8-
10
1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 06.9

TOTAL
2 6.9 2 6.9 1 3.4 2 6.9 1 3.4 2 6.9 2 6.9 12 41.4

*Multiple response











Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

---

48
 
Table 28. Respondent’s reason of increase sunflower extract utilization related to the farm size


FARM SIZE (m²)
REASONS WHY THEY INCREASE
<1000 1000- 2799 2800-
4600-
6400- 8199 8200+ TOTAL
SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
4599
6399
UTILIZATION

F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Expansion
of
the
area
1 3.4 1 03.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 13.8
Maintain the nitrogen of the
2 6.9 0 00.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.3
soil
Soil
nutrient
depletion
0 0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
Depends on the need of the
0 0.0 0 00.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
plant
Good
effect
on
plant
1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
Conditions
the
soil
better
2 6.9 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 06.9
There is source of sunflower to
1 3.4 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 3 10.3
be extracted
Increase
fertility
1 3.4 0 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 2 06.9
Don’t
know
1 3.4 3 10.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 13.8
To
lessen
cost
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4

TOTAL
9 31 6 20.7 2 6.9 1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 22 75.9

*Multiple response






Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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49
 
Table 29. Respondent’s reason why they increase sunflower extract utilization related to the organic area



ORGANIC AREA (m²)
REASON WHY THEY
<500 500-899
1300 -1699 1700- 2099 2100+
TOTAL
INCREASE UTILIZATION OF
SUNFLOWER EXTRACT

F % F % F % F % F % F %


Expansion of the area
1
3.4
1
3.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0
2
6.9
Maintain the nitrogen of
the
soil
1 3.4 1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 2 6.9
Soil nutrient depletion
0
0.0
1
3.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0
1
3.4
Conditions the soil better
0
0.0
1
3.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0
1
3.4
Increase
fertility
1 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 1 3.4
Many sunflower near the
farm
0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0 2 6.9
Don’t
know
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4 2 6.9

TOTAL
3 10.3 5 17.2 1 3.4 1 3.4 1 3.4 11 37.9

*Multiple response








Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
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50
 
Source of Sunflower Extract of the User
Table 30 presents the source of sunflower extract related to the demographic
profile.
Most the respondents that (55.2%) organic practitioner said that they produce
their own sunflower extract and only one conventional said that he do not know where he
will source sunflower extract. The 10 (34.5%) of the respondents is transitional and they
said that they will source sunflower extract to other stores.
The relationship of the source of sunflower extract to the years of farming. Most
(89.7%) of the respondents will produce their own sunflower extract and seven (24.1%)
of them have 20 to 24 years of farming. The six (20.7%) of the respondents has 20 to 24
years of farming and five (17.2%) of them said that they produce their own sunflower
extract.
The relationship of the source of sunflower extract related to the length of time as
organic practitioner. Majority (58.6%) of the respondents will produce their own
sunflower extract and seven (24.1%) of them has two to four years practicing. The
relationship of the source of sunflower extract related to the farm size of respondents
Most (37.9%) of the respondents that has less than 1000 m² said that they produce their
own sunflower extract Most (89.7%) of the respondents will their own sunflower extract.
The relationship of the source of sunflower extract related to their organic area.
The 8(27.6%) of the respondents has 500 to 899 m² and seven (24.1%) produce their own
sunflower extract. The two (6.8%) that has 1300 to 1699 organic area said that they will
produce their own sunflower extract. Majority (55.2%) of the respondents will produce
their own sunflower extract.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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51
 
Table 30 imply that there is less possibility that the respondents will buy or source
to any store because most of the user respondents produces their own sunflower extract
that they apply on their farms.


Table 30. Source of sunflower extract related to the user source of sunflower extract


SOURCE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
PARTICULARS
OTHER STORE
PRODUCE MY OWN
DO NOT KNOW
TOTAL
F
%
F % F % F %

Type of farmer








Organic
1
3.4
16
55.2
1
3.4
18
62.1
Transitional
0
0.0
10
34.5
0
0.0
10
34.5
Conventional
0
0.0
00
00.0
1
3.4
01
03.4

TOTAL 1
3.4
26
89.7
2
6.9
29
100

X²=.005










*- significant
Years
of
farming


25-
30
1 3.4 7 24.1 0 0.0 8 27.6

20-
24
0 0.0 5 17.2 1 3.4 6 20.7

15-
19
0 0.0 4 13.8 0 0.0 4 13.8

10
-14
0 0.0 1 03.4 1 3.4 2 06.9

5-
9
0 0.0 2 06.9 0 0.0 2 06.9

<5

0 0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 1 03.4

30+
0 0.0 6 20.7 0 0.0 6 20.7

TOTAL
1 3.4 26 89.7 2 6.9 29 100

X²=.544








*- not significant
Length of time as








organic practitioner

<2
0 0.0 3 10.3 0 0.0 3 10.3

2-
4
1 3.4 7 24.1 0 0.0 8 27.6

5-
7
0 0.0 5 17.2 0 0.0 5 17.2

8
-10
0 0.0 2 06.9 1 3.4 3 10.3

TOTAL
1 3.4 17 58.6 1 3.4 19 65.5

X=.322









*-not significant



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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52
 
Table 30 continued…


SOURCE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
PARTICULARS
OTHER STORE
PRODUCE MY
DO NOT KNOW
TOTAL
OWN

F % F % F % F %

Farm size (m²)









<1000
0
0.0
11
37.9
2
6.9
13
44.8
1000-
2799 0 0.0 09 31.0 0 0.0 09 31.0
2800-
4599 0 0.0 03 10.3 0 0.0 03 10.3
4600-
6399 0 0.0 01 03.4 0 0.0 01 03.4
6400-
8199 1 3.4 00 00.0 0 0.0 01 03.4
8200+
0 0.0 02 06.9 0 0.0 02 06.9

TOTAL 1
3.4
26
89.7
2
6.9
29
100

X²=.000










*- significant
Organic area (m²)








<500
1 3.4 4 13.8 0 0 5 17.2

500 - 899
0
0
7
24.1
1
3.4
8
27.6

900
-1299 0 0 1 3.4 0 0 1 3.4

1300
-1699 0 0 2 6.9 0 0 2 6.9

1700-
2099 0 0 1 3.4 0 0 1 3.4

2100+
0 0 1 3.4 0 0 1 3.4

TOTAL
1 3.4 16 55.2 1 3.4 18 62.1

X²=.949
* -not significant



Source of Sunflower Extract of the Non-user
Table 31 presents the source of sunflower extract of the non-user related to the
length of time as organic practitioner. The three (8.3%) respondents according to the
length of time practicing organic will produce their own sunflower extract. The 2(5.6%)
of the respondents that has 8 to 10 years practicing organic and half of them do not know
where to source sunflower extract and the other will produce their own sunflower extract.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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53
 
Table 32 presents the source of sunflower extract of the respondents related to
their farm size. Majority (52.8%) of the respondents will produce their own sunflower
extract and 12(33.3%) of then has less than 1000m² farm.

Table 31. Source of sunflower extract related to the non-user length of time as organic

practitioner


SOURCE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
LENGTH OF TIME AS
PRODUCE MY OWN
DO NOT KNOW
TOTAL
ORGANIC PRACTITIONER
F % F % F %


<2
1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

8
-10
1 2.8 1 2.8 2 5.6

11+
1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

TOTAL 3
8.3
1
2.8
4
11.1












Table 32. Source of sunflower extract related to the non-user farm size


SOURCE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
FARM SIZE
BSU
PRODUCE MY
ANY STORE
DO NOT
TOTAL
(m²)
ORGANIC
OWN
KNOW
MARKET

F % F % F % F % F %


<1000
3 8.3 12 33.3 1 2.8 1 2.8 17 47.2

1000-
2799 0 0.0 02 05.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 02 05.6

2800-
4599 0 0.0 03 08.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 03 08.3

4600-
6399 0 0.0 01 02.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 02.8

8200+
0 0.0 01 02.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 02.8

TOTAL 3 8.3 19 52.8 1 2.8 1 2.8 24 66.7






Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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54
 
Table 33. Source of sunflower extract related to the non-user organic area.


SOURCE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
ORGANIC AREA
OTHER STORE
PRODUCE MY
DO NOT KNOW
TOTAL
(m²)
OWN
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%

<500
1
3.4 4 13.8 0 0.0 5 17.2
500-
899
0
0.0 7 24.1 1 3.4 8 27.6
900-
1299
0
0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 1 03.4
1300-
1699 0
0.0 2 06.9 0 0.0 2 06.9
1700-
2099 0
0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 1 03.4
2100+
0
0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 1 03.4

TOTAL

1
3.4
16
55.2
1
3.4
18
62.1
 



Table 33 presents the source of additional sunflower extract related to the organic
area of the respondents. Majority (55.2%) of the respondents produce their own
sunflower extract and seven (24.1%) of them has 500 to 899 m². Only 1(3.4%) said that
they will source their sunflower extract to the other stores.


Source of Additional Sunflower Extract of User
Table 34 presents the source of additional sunflower extract related to the start of
farming. The 11(37.9%) respondents that started farming 30 years above said that they
produce their own sunflower extract. Majority (68.9%) of the respondents produce their
own sunflower extract and three (10.3%) of them has 20 to 24 years of farming. Only
one (3.4%) respondents said that he will source sunflower extract to BSU organic market.



Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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55
 
Table 34. Source of additional sunflower extract related to the user years of farming


SOURCE OF ADDITIONAL SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
YEARS
BSU
OTHER
PRODUCE
ANY
DO NOT
TOTAL
OF
ORGANIC
STORE
MY OWN
STORE
KNOW
FARMING
MARKET

F %
F % F % F % F % F %

 
25-
30 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
 
20-
24 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.3
0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.3
 
15-
19 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
 
14-
10 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.3
0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.3
 
9-5
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 03.4
 
<5

0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.3
1 2.8 1 2.8 4 13.8
 
30+
1 3.4 2 6.9 8 27.6
1 2.8 0 0.0 11 37.9

TOTAL 1
3.4
2
6.9
20
68.9
2
6.9 1
3.4
24
82.8

X²=.544








* -not significant

Source of Sunflower Extract of the Non-user
Table 35 presents the source of additional sunflower extract related length of time
as organic practitioner. The two (5.6%) of the respondents that has less than years, eight
to 10 and above 11 years of practicing organic said that they produce their own sunflower
extract. Only 1(2.8%) do not know where to source their sunflower extract.
Table 36 presents the source of additional sunflower extract related to the farm
size of the respondents. Most of the respondents that has (62.5) 4000 m² and (12.5%)
2800 to 4599 said that will produce their sunflower extract. The 86.6% respondents said
that they will produce their own. The 8.3 % respondents said that they will source the
additional sunflower. to other store and to any store.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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56
 
Table 34 to 36 implies that most of the respondents will produce their own
additional sunflower extract and the others buy their sunflower extract to BSU organic
market and other stores. There is lesser possibility that respondents will buy sunflower
extract for their additional sunflower extract.

Table 35. Source of additional sunflower extract related to the user length of time as
organic practitioner


SOURCE OF ADDITIONAL SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
LENGTH OF TIME AS
PRODUCE MY OWN
DO NOT KNOW
TOTAL
ORGANIC PRACTITIONER
F
%
F
%
F
%


<2
1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4

8
-10
1 3.4 1 3.4 2 6.9

11+
1 3.4 0 0.0 1 3.4

TOTAL
3 10.3 1 3.4 4 13.8











X²=.322









* -not significant


Table 36. Source of additional sunflower extract related to the user farm size


SOURCE OF ADDITIONAL SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
FARM SIZE(m²) BSU
OTHER
PRODUCE
ANY
DO NOT
TOTAL
ORGANIC
STORE
MY OWN
STORE
KNOW
MARKET


F % F % F % F % F % F %


<1000
1 3.4 1 3.4 15 51.7 1 3.4 1 3.4 17 58.6
1000 - 2799
0
0
0
0.0
01
3.4
1
3.4
0
0.0
02
06.9

2800
-
4599 0 0 0 0.0 03 08.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 03 10.3

4600-
6399 0 0 1 2.8 00 00.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

8200+
0 0 0 0.0 01 02.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 01 03.4

TOTAL 1 3.4 2 6.9 20 69 2
6.9 1 3.4 24 82.8

X²=.000










* - significant
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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57
 
Table 37 presents the source of additional sunflower extract of non-user related to
their organic area. The 3(8.3%) of the respondents said that they will produce their own
sunflower extract and 2(5.6%) has less than 500 organic area.

Table 38 presents the source of additional source of sunflower extract related to
type of farmer. Majority (55.6%) of the respondents said that they will produce their own
sunflower extract and 12 (33.3%) of them are transitional


Table 37. Source of additional sunflower extract related to the non-user organic area


SOURCE OF ADDITIONAL
SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
ORGANIC AREA
PRODUCE MY
DO NOT KNOW
TOTAL
OWN
F
%
F
%
F
%


<500 2 5.6 1 2.8 3 8.3

500-
899
1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

TOTAL
3 8.3 1 2.8 4 11.1




Table 38. Source of additional sunflower extract related to the non-user type of farmer


SOURCE OF ADDITIONAL SUNFLOWER EXTRACT
TYPE OF FARMER BSU
OTHER
PRODUCE
ANY
DO NOT
TOTAL
ORGANIC
STORE
MY OWN
STORE
KNOW
MARKET

F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%


Organic
0 0.0 0 0.0 03 08.3 0 0.0 1 2.8 04 11.1

Transitional
1 2.8 2 5.6 12 33.3 2 5.6 0 0.0 15 41.7

Conventional 0 0.0 0 0.0 05 13.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 05 13.9

TOTAL
1 2.8 2 5.6 20 55.6 2 5.6 1 2.8 24 66.7
 


Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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58
 
Price that the Users are Willing to Pay
per Liter of Sunflower Extract


Table 39 presents the price of sunflower extract that the respondents are willing to
pay for one liter related to different demographic profile.

The relationship of the price of sunflower extract that they are willing to pay per
liter and to their farm size. The (44. 8%) respondents has less than 1000m² and 5(17.2%)
of them said that they are willing to pay P150.00 for one liter. For the respondents that
has the widest farm which is above 8200m² willing to pay P150 per Liter. The nine (31%)
of the respondents has 1000 to 2799 m² and four (13.8%) of them there is no price they
are willing to pay for one liter of sunflower extract.

The relationship of the price of sunflower extract that the respondents is willing to
pay for one liter to the years of farming. The 11 (37.9%) of the respondents said that they
are willing to pay P100 per liter of sunflower extract and four (13.8%) of them have 25 to
30 years of farming. The six (20.7%) of the respondents are willing to pay P150 per liter
and three (10.3%) of them has 15 to 19 years of farming. The five (17.2%) of the
respondents are willing to pay P50 and two (6.9%) has 20 to 24 years of farming. This
table implies that the higher years of farming and the respondents that has 20 to 24 years
is not willing to pay any amount per liter.
The relationship of price of sunflower extract per liter they are willing to pay to
the type of farmer. The 11(37.9%) of the respondents said that they are willing to P100
per liter which 7(24.1%) of them are organic, 3(10.3%) Transitional and 1(3.4%) are
conventional. The 5(17.2%) respondents organic said that they are no price they are
willing to pay for one liter sunflower extract because of its availability of sunflower on
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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59
 
the surroundings. The six (20.7%) of the respondents are willing to par P150 and four
(13.8%) of them is organic and two (6.9%) is transitional.
The relationship of the price of the sunflower extract per liter that the respondents
willing to pay and to the length of time as organic practitioner. The eight (27.6%) of the
respondents are willing to pay P100 and three (10.3%) of them has two to four years
practicing organic.
The relationship of price of the sunflower extract per liter that the respondents
willing to pay and to their organic area. The seven (42.1%) of the respondents said that
they are willing to pay P100 per liter of sunflower extract and three (10.3%) of them have
500 to 899 m² organic area. The 5(17.2%) of the respondents are not willing to pay any
amount for per liter. The four (13.8%) of the respondents are willing to pay P150 and
three (10.3%) of them has 500 to 899 m² farm.






















Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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60
 
Table 39. Distribution of the respondents according to price


PRICE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT THEY ARE WILLING
TO PAY IN PER LITER
PARTICULARS P50
P100
P150
NONE
TOTAL

F % F % F % F % F %

Farm
size(m²)


<1000
3 10.3 4 13.8 5 17.2 1 03.4 13 44.8

1000-
2799 2 06.9 3 10.3 0 00.0 4 13.8 09 31.0

2800-
4599 0 00.0 2 06.9 0 00.0 1 03.4 03 10.3

4600-
6399 0 00.0 1 03.4 0 00.0 0 00.0 01 03.4

6400-
8199 0 00.0 1 03.4 0 00.0 0 00.0 01 03.4

8200+
0 00.0 0 00.0 1 03.4 1 03.4 02 06.9

TOTAL 5 17.2 11 37.9 6 20.7 7 24.1 29 100

X²=.444









* -not significant
Years of










farming

25-30
1 3.4 4 13.8 1 03.4 2 06.9 8 27.6

20-24
2 6.9 1 03.4 0 00.0 3 10.3 6 20.7

15-
19
0 0.0 1 03.4 3 10.3 0 00.0 4 13.8

10-
14
0 0.0 1 03.4 1 03.4 0 00.0 2 06.9

5-
9
0 0.0 1 03.4 0 00.0 1 03.4 2 06.9

<5

0 0.0 1 03.4 0 00.0 0 00.0 1 03.4

30+
2 6.9 2 06.9 1 03.4 1 03.4 6 20.7

TOTAL 5 17.2 11 37.9 6 20.7 7 24.1 29 100

X²=.416









*-not significant
Type of farmer










Organic
2 06.9 7 24.1
4 13.8 5 17.2 18 62.1

Transitional 3 10.3 3 10.3
2
06.9 2 06.9 01 34.5
Conventional 0 00.0 1 03.4
0
00.0 0 00.0 01 03.4

TOTAL
5 17.2 11 37.9 6 20.7 7 24.1 29 100

X²=.766









* -not significant




Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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61
 
Table 39 continued…

PRICE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT THEY ARE WILLING
TO PAY IN ONE LITER
PARTICULARS P50
P100 P150 NONE
TOTAL

F
%
F
%
F
%
F
% F
%

Length of time










as organic
practitioner

<2
0 0.0 2 06.9 1 3.4 0 00.0 3 10.3

2
-4
2 6.9 3 10.3 1 3.4 2 06.9 8 27.6

5
-7
0 0.0 2 06.9 0 0.0 3 10.3 5 17.2

8
-10 0 0.0 1 03.4 2 6.9 0 00.0 3 10.3

TOTAL 2 6.9 8 27.6 4 13.8 5 17.2 19 65.5

X²=.241









*-not significant
Organic










area (m²)
<500
2 6.9 1 03.4 1
3.4 1 03.4 5 17.2
500-
899
0 0.0 3 10.3 2
6.9 3 10.3 8 27.6
900-1299 0 0.0 1 03.4 0
0.0 0 00.0 1 03.4
1300-
1699 0
0.0
1
03.4
0
0.0
1
03.4
2
06.9
1700-
2099 0
0.0
0
00.0
1
3.4
0
00.0
1
03.4
2100+
0 0.0
1 03.4 0
0.0 0 00.0 1 03.4

TOTAL 2 6.9 7 24.1 4 13.8 5 17.2 18 62.1


X²=.583
*- not significant



Substitute to Sunflower Extract

Table 40 presents the respondents the sunflower extract substitutes related to the
length of time as organic practitioner.
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
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62
 
The nine (31%) of the respondents said that the substitute weeds and 3(10.3%) of
them are practicing two to four years practicing sunflower extract. The four (13.6%) of
the respondents said that they do not substitute any thing and two (6.9%) of them has five
to seven years practiced five to seven years of practicing organic.
Table 41 presents the substitutes of sunflower extract related to the organic area.
The nine (31%) of the respondents substitute weeds and three (10.3%) of them have 500
to 899 m² organic area. The four (22.2%) of the respondents said that they do not
substitute any thing. The three (16.7%) of the respondents said that they substitute
seaweed and two (11.1%) of them has 500 to 899 m² organic area.

Table 40 to 41 implies that that the respondents substitute weeds to both organic
and transitional that has 30 years above farming. They are mostly had two to four years
practicing organic and have less than one thousand farm and having 500 to 899 organic
area.

Reason why the Respondent’s do not Use
Table 42 represents the reason why the farmers do not use sunflower extract.
Majority (51.6%) of the respondent do not know about sunflower extract.

Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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63
 
Table 40. Substitute to sunflower extract related to the user length of time as organic practitioner


SUBSTITUTE TO THE SUNFLOWER EXTRACT

LENGTH OF
CACAO
WEEDS
BANANA
SEAWEED
CHICKEN
NONE
TOTAL
TIME AS
EXTRACT
STALK
EXTRACT
MANURE
ORGANIC
PRACTITIONER

F % F % F % F % F % F % F %




<2
0 0.0 2 06.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 3 10.3



2
-4
1 3.4 3 10.3 2 6.9 2 6.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 9 31.0



5-
7
0 0.0 2 06.9 0 0.0 1 3.4 0 0.0 2 6.9 5 17.2



8-10
1 3.4 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 3.4 3 10.3

TOTAL 2 6.9 8 27.6 2 6.9 3 10.3 1 3.4 4 13.8 20 69

*Multiple response












Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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64
 
Table 41. Substitute to sunflower extract related to the user organic area


SUBSTITUTE TO THE SUNFLOWER EXTRACT

ORGANIC CACAO EXTRACT
WEEDS
BANANA STALK
SEAWEED
NONE
TOTAL
AREA
EXTRACT
(m²)
F % F % F % F % F % F %

<500 1 3.4 2 06.9 1 5.6 0 00.0 1 05.6 5 17.2
500-899 1 3.4 3 10.3 0 0.0 2 11.1 3 16.7 9 31.0
900-
1299 0 0.0 0 00.0 1 5.6 0 00.0 0 00.0 1 03.4
1300-
1699 0 0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 1 05.6 0 00.0 2 06.9
1700-
2099 0 0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 00.0 0 00.0 1 05.6
2100+ 0 0.0 1 03.4 0 0.0 0 00.0 0 00.0 1 06.9

Total
2 6.9 8 44.4 2 11.1 3 16.7 4 22.2
18 62.1

*Multiple response




Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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65
 
Table 42. Reason why non-user do not use sunflower extract

REASONS FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE

Don't know about it
19
51.6
Don't know where to buy
02
05.4
Not effective as botanical
pesticide 01
02.7
No time
10
27.1
Hard to do
01
02.7
No source
03
08.1
No need
01
02.7

TOTAL 37
100

*Multiple response

Non-user Respondents Willingness to Use Sunflower Extract
Table 43 presents non-user willingness to use of sunflower extract related to the
demographic profile.
The relationship of the respondent’s willingness to use and the length of time as
organic practitioner. The 2(5.6%) of the respondents that practice organic for eight to 10
years and the respondents that has less than two years said that they will now use
sunflower extract.
The relationship of the respondent’s willingness to use sunflower extract and the
years of farming. Majority 24 (66.7%) of the respondents said that they are not going to
use sunflower extract.
The relationship of source of sunflower extract of the respondents related to their
organic area. The four (11.1%) of the respondents said that they will use sunflower
extract and the 3(8.3%) said that they will not use sunflower extract.
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The relationship of the respondent’s willingness to use and to the farm size.
Majority (66.7%) of the respondents has less than 1000 m² farm area and 17 (47.2%) of
them said that they will use sunflower extract while the 12 (33.3%) respondents will not
use sunflower extract.
The relationship of the respondent’s willingness to use to related to the organic
area. The four (11.1%) of the respondents said that they will use sunflower extract and
the three (8.3%) said that they will not use sunflower extract.
This table implies that majority of the respondents will use sunflower extract and
majority of them have 30 years of farming and has less than one thousand meter square of
farm and less than 500 m² organic area.

Table 43. Distribution of non-user respondent’s willingness to use sunflower extract


RESPONDENTS WILLINGNESS TO USE
PATICULARS
WILLING
NOT WILLING
TOTAL
F
%
F
%
F
%

Length of time as






organic
practitioner

<2
1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8

2-
4
0 0.0 2 5.6 2 5.6

5 - 7
0
0.0
1
2.8
1
2.8

8-
10
2 5.6 0 0.0 2 5.6

TOTAL
3 8.3 3 8.3 6 16.7









X²=.136
*-not significant



Table 43 continued…
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RESPONDENTS WILLINGNESS TO USE
PATICULARS
WILLING
NOT WILLING
TOTAL
F
%
F
%
F
%

Years of farming







25
-30
1 02.8 2 5.6 3 08.3

20
-24
3 08.3 1 2.8 4 11.1

15-
19
1 02.8 2 5.6 3 08.3

10-
14
3 08.3 2 5.6 5 13.9

5
-9
1 02.8 2 5.6 3 08.3

<5
4 11.1 1 2.8 5 13.9

30+
11 30.6 2 5.6 13 36.1

TOTAL
24
66.7
12
33.3
36
100








X²=.320









* -not significant
Farm
size


<1000
17 47.2 7 19.4 24 66.7

1000-
2799 02 05.6 4 11.1 06 16.7

2800-4599 03 08.3 0 00.0 03 08.3

4600-
6399 01 02.8 1 02.8 02 05.6

8200+
01 02.8 0 00.0 01 02.8

TOTAL
24 66.7 12 33.3 36 100









X²=.245









*-not significant

Organic area (m²)







<500
3 8.3 0 0.0 3 8.3

500-
899
1 2.8 2 5.6 3 8.3

1700
-2099 0 0.0 1 2.8 1 2.8

TOTAL 4
11.1
3
8.3
7
19.4

X²=.118

*
-
not
significant

Factors that will Convince the
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Non- user Willingness to Use
Sunflower Extract

Table 44 presents the reason why the farmer will use sunflower extract related to
the type of farmer. The 20 (55.6%) of the respondents is transitional farmers most
(33.3%) of them said that they will use because sunflower extract if they tried and tested
it. The seven (19.4%) of the respondents is organic and six (16.7%) of them said that they
will use sunflower extract if they tried and tested it. The nine (25%) of the respondents
is conventional and five (13.9%) of them said that they will use sunflower extract if if
they tried and tested.
Table 45 presents the reason why the farmer will use sunflower extract related to
the organic area of the respondents. The 6(16.7%) respondents said that they will
sunflower extract if it is tried and tested and 3(8.3%) of them has 500 to 899m² organic
area.

Table 44. Factors that will convince the non- user to use sunflower extract related to type
of farmer


TYPE OF FARMER
REASON WHY THE
ORGANIC
TRANSITIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
TOTAL
FARMER WILL USE
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT NOW

F % F % F % F %

Tried
and
tested
6 16.7 12 33.3 5 13.9 23 63.9
Affordable
0 0 4 11.1 2 5.6 6 16.7
Advertised
0 0 1 2.8 0 0 1 02.8
Recommended by
the
organic
expert 1 2.8 3 8.3 1 2.8 5 13.9
Educated or trained
on production of
sunflower
extract 1 2.8 3 8.3 0 0 4 11.1

Table 44 continued…
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69
 


TYPE OF FARMER
REASON WHY THE
ORGANIC
TRANSITIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
TOTAL
FARMER WILL USE
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT NOW

F % F % F % F %

Never 0
0
1
2.8
0
00.0
1
02.8
Other farmers
1
2.8
1
2.8
0
00.0
2
05.6
Pest out break
1
2.8
0
0.0
0
00.0
1
02.8
Don’t have source
and
because of
expensive
commercial 0
0.0
1
2.8
1
20.8
2
05.6
Easy to make
0
0.0
2
5.6
0
00.0
2
05.6

TOTAL 7
19.4
20
55.6
9
25
36
100

*Multiple response


Table 45. Factors that will convince the non-user to use sunflower extract related to the

organic area

 
ORGANIC AREA (m²)
REASON WHY THE
<500 500-
899
1700-2099
TOTAL
FARMER WILL USE
SUNFLOWER
EXTRACT

F % F % F % F %

Tried
and
tested
2
5.6 3 8.3 1 2.8 6 16.7
Recommended by
organic
expert
0
0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 1 02.8
Educated or trained on
production of
sunflower
extract 1
2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 02.8
Other
farmers
0
0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 1 02.8
Pest outbreak
0
0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 1 02.8


TOTAL
3
8.3 3 8.3 1 2.8 7 19.4

*Multiple response
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Table 46 presents the reason why they will use sunflower extract related to the
years of farming. The 13 (36.1%) of the respondents has thirty years above farming and
nine (25%) of them will use sunflower extract if they tried and tested it.
Table 47 presents the reason why the farmer will use sunflower extract related to
their farm size. Majority (63.9%) said that they will use if they tried and tested it and
19(52.8%) of them has less than 1000 m² farm area. The six (16.7%) of the respondents
have 1000 m² and three (8.3%) of them will use sunflower extract if they tried and tested.
Overall, the non-user will use if they tried and tested.

.
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Table 46. Factors that will convince non- user to use sunflower extract related to the years of farming


YEARS OF FARMING
REASON WHY THE
25 - 30 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5 - 9 <5 30+
TOTAL
FARMER WILL USE
SUNFLOWER EXTRACT

F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %

Tried
and
tested
3 8.3 2 5.6 2 5.6 2 5.6 2 5.6 3 8.3 9 25.0 23 63.9
Affordable
0 0.0 1 2.8 1 2.8 1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8 2 05.6 06 16.7
Advertised
0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 02.8
Recommended by the
organic
expert
1 2.8 2 5.6 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 02.8 05 13.9
Educated or trained on
production of
sunflower
extract
0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 5.6 1 02.8 04 11.1
Never
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 02.8
Other
farmers
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 1 2.6 0 00.0 02 05.6
Pest out break
0
0.0
0
0.0
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 00.0 01 02.8
Don’t have source and
because of expensive
Commercial
0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00.0 02 05.6
Easy to make
0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0. 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 00.0 02 05.6

TOTAL
3 8.3 8 22.2 5 13.9 5
13.9 5 13.6 7
19.4 13 36.1 45 125

*Multiple response


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Table 47. Factors that will convince non- user to use sunflower extract related to the farm size


FARM SIZE (m²)
REASON WHY THE
<1000 1000 - 2799 2800 -4599 4600 - 6399 8200+ TOTAL
FARMER WILL USE
SUNFLOWER EXTRACT

F % F % F % F % F % F %

Tried
and
tested
19 52.8 3 8.3 0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0 23 63.9
Affordable
04 11.1 1 2.8 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0 06 16.7
Advertised
01 02.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 01 02.8
Recommended by the
05 13.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 05 13.9
organic expert
Educated or trained on
production of
sunflower
extract
03 8.3 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 04 11.1
Never
00 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0 01 02.8
Other
farmers
02 5.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 02 05.6
Pest
out
break
00 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 02.8
Don’t have source and
because of expensive
commercial
00 0.0 1 2.8 1 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 05.6
Easy to make
00 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.8 0 0.0 1 2.8 2 05.6

TOTAL
34 99.4 7 19.4 3 8.3 2 5.6 1 2.8 46
127.8

*Multiple response
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73
 
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS



Summary


This study was conducted to determine the market potential of sunflower extract
as fertilizer and as botanical pesticide in La Trinidad. It aimed to: identify the users and
non-user of sunflower extract in La Trinidad; determine the uses of sunflower of
sunflower extract; determine the quantity of utilization of sunflower extract; identify the
users sources of sunflower extract; determine the acceptable price of sunflower extract
among users; identify direct substitutes for sunflower extract; determine reasons non-
user don’t employ sunflower extract; identify condition that would encourage non-users
to employ sunflower extract.

The survey was conducted through interview. The gathered data were statistically
analyzed and interpreted according to the objectives of the study. Statistical tools used in
describing the data were statistics like: frequency count and percentage. The chi- square
test also used at five percent level of significance.

Most users are from Barangay Shilan and Balili and most of the user are male
with age ranging most to 25 to 44. They most practice organic and few are transitional
farmers.

Most of the non-user is from Pico and Betag and they are most male and most are
transitional and conventional farmers.
Results showed that the respondents who are organic practitioner said that they
use it to fertilize the soil.
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On the volume of sunflower extracts use, most of the organic practitioner organic
area said that they will use one drum or 160 liter. However, there is a low correlation
between farm size and volume of sunflower extract used.
On the intension of the user of sunflower extract farmer to increase utilization,
most of the organic practitioner, farmers farming for 20 to 24 that practice organic for
less than two years, farmers that has less than 1000 m² farm and that has 500 to 899 m²
organic area said that they will increase utilization of sunflower extract.
On the reason why they will increase utilization of sunflower extract, most of the
organic said that they will increase because of expansion of the area, maintain the
nitrogen content of the soil and increase fertility.
Most of the transitional farmer likewise will increase utilization because of
expansion of the area.
On the source of sunflower extract most of the organic and other transitional
farmer said that they will make their own sunflower extract.
On the price that is acceptable to the users most of the organic said that they are
willing to buy one liter sunflower extract for P100.00 to P150.00.
The identified substitutes to sunflower extract are indigent weeds.
On the intension of the non-user to of sunflower extract the farmers most of
transitional farming said that they will use sunflower extract now that they heard about it.
On the source of sunflower extract of the non-user said that they will produce
their own sunflower extract. However, they said that they will only use sunflower extract
if it is tried an tested.
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75
 
Conclusions

Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. The users are the organic practitioner and few transitional farmers. Most of
them
has less than 1000m² farm. The non-users of sunflower extract are transitional and
conventional.
2. The respondents use sunflower extract to fertilize the soil. There are more
respondents who claim that there is no effect of sunflower extract. This indicates that
farmers are more certain of the contribution of sunflower extract to soil fertility but are
uncertain as to its effect as botanical pesticide.
3. Majority of the user of sunflower extract will increase utilization of sunflower
extract. There is a low correlation between farm size and volume of sunflower extract
used. This indicates non-standardized application of sunflower extract among user
respondents however, intend to produce their own sunflower extract. No dominant
answer on what reason why they will increase. This means that there are varied uses to
varied users.
4. The acceptable price to the respondents is P100 to P150 per liter.
5. Most of the respondents substitute farm indigent weeds to sunflower extract.
6. Most of the non-user does not use sunflower extract because they do not know
about it.

7. The factor that will convince the non-user to use sunflower extract if they have
tried and tested it.

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76
 
Recommendations

Base o the conclusions, the following are recommended:
1. Educate more farmers on the uses and rate of application of sunflower extract.
2. The botanical effect of sunflower extract should be further tested and studied to
convince farmers to use this and to establish further the technology.
3. Studies on the economic costs and benefits of sunflower extract production must
be done.
















Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
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77
 
LITERATURE CITED



ALLAD-IW, A.. 2006. Sagada Produces Organic Fertilizer. Retrieved July 16,

2009 from http://www.nordis.net/blog/?p=328

ANONYMOUS. 2006. 1st Organic Agriculture Congress. Retrieved October 04, 2009
from
http://www.bsu.edu.ph/content/news/agri_congress.php

BENGWAYAN, M.. 2007. The Community Supported Agricultural Project in Benguet,
Philippines.
Retrieved July20, 2009 from
http://www.teachamantofish.org.uk/blogs/PINETREE/2007/04/communitysuppor
ted-agriculture-in.html

BENGWAYAN, M. 2007. Botanical Insecticide. Retrieved October 05, 2009 from http://
www.teachamantofish.org.uk/blogs/PINETREE/2007_04_01_archive.html

BENGWAYAN, M. 2008. Organic Gardening Threatening Bees in Luzon, Philippines.

Retrieved July 20, 2009 from http://www.teachamantofish.org.uk/blogs/PINET

REE/

CALUZA, D. 2009. Stop Using Sunflowers for Compost. Retrieved July 20,
2009fromhttp://www.teachamantofish.org.uk/blogs/PINETREE/Stop%20using%
20sunflowers%20for%20compost%20%20INQUIRER_net,%20Philippine%20Ne
ws%20for%20Filipinos.mht
FERNANDEZ, R. 2004. Wild Sunflower a Rich Source of Nitrogen for rice. Retrieved

July 17, 2009 from http://www.bic.searca.org/news/2004/dec/phi/26.html
SORENSEN, K. N.D. Insect Pests of Vegetables. Retrieved October 04, 2009
from http://ipm.ncsu.edu/vegetables/pests_vegetables.html

WOLFE, K. 2006. Estimating market potential checklist. Retrieved October 05, 2009
from http://www.caed.uga.edu/publications/2006/pdf/CR-06-08.pdf










Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
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78
 
APPENDIX A


Interview Guide

MARKET POTENTIAL OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT AS FERTILIZER AND AS
BOTANICAL PESTICIDE
(User of sunflower extract)

Name (optional):____________________
Age: ____
Gender:
male female
Location: ___________
Type of farmer: Organic farmer Transitional farmer Conventional farmer
Farmer since: __________
Length of time as organic practitioner: _________
Farm size: ____________ Area for organic production: _____________
Crop planted: petchay cabbage Chinese cabbage lettuce

1. Why do you use sunflower extract as fertilizer?
Makes the soil fertile by increasing the nutrient contents of the soil physical
properties
Conditions and improves the soil to hold the soil structure
Increases the ability of the soil to hold water and nutrients
Provides better aeration
Increases the number of leaves per plant
Increases the leaf area
All of the above
Other (specify): _____________________________________________________
2. What is the effect of sunflower extract as pesticide?
Kills the pest
Controls the pest
It makes the pest dizzy
All of the above
None (no effect as pesticide)
Other (specify): _____________________________________________________
3. What does it kill/control?
Moths, Butterflies, and their young (caterpillar)
Beetles (e.g., white fringed beetle and white grubs)
Sap-feeding insects (e.g., larleguin bug and aphids)
Flies (e.g., cabbage maggot)
Other insect pests (e.g. grasshopper)
Non-insect pest (e.g., spider mites and slugs)
4. How much quantity of sunflower extract do you use per week in a 250 square meter?
Please specify: ________________

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5. Do you intend to increase the volume of utilization of sunflower extract?
Yes
No
6. If yes, why would you increase the volume of utilization of sunflower extract?
Expansion of farm area
Maintain the nitrogen of the soil
Soil nutrient depletion
Depends on the need of my plant
Good effect on plant
Conditions the soil better
There is sporce of sunflower to be extracted
Increase fertility
Many sunflower near the farm
To lessen cost
7. Where do you source your sunflower extract?
BSU organic market
Other store (specify): _______________
Produce my own sunflower extract
Other (specify): __________________
8. If you will increase the volume of utilization of sunflower extract where will be your
source?
BSU organic market
Other store (specify): _______________
Make my own
Other (specify): __________________

9. How much they are willing to pay for a one L bottle of quality sunflower extract?
50


100
150
200
10. What substitute do you buy if it is not available?
Cassava peel extract
Cacao extract
Lantana extract
Weeds
Banana stalk
Ashes of woods soaked on water
Pepper
Seaweed extract
14 14 14
Chicken manure
None



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80
 
APPENDIX B


Market Potential of Sunflower Extract as Fertilizer and as Botanical Pesticide
(Non-user of sunflower extract)

Name (optional):____________________
Age: ____
Gender:
male female
Location: ___________
Type of farmer: Organic farmer Transitional farmer Conventional farmer
Farmer since: __________
Length of time as organic practitioner: _________
Farm size: ____________ Area for organic production: ______________
Crop planted: petchay cabbage Chinese cabbage lettuce

1. Why you don’t use sunflower extract?
Do not know about it
Can’t afford it
Don’t know where to buy
It is not that effective as fertilizer
It is not that effective as pesticide
Not proven as a fertilizer or pesticide
2. If you do not know about Sunflower extract, will you use now that you heard about it?
Yes
No
3. If yes, in what volume of sunflower extract will you apply per week?
Please specify: ___________________
4. Where will you source your sunflower extract?
BSU organic market
Other store (specify): _______________
Other (specify): __________________
5. If you will increase the volume of utilization of sunflower extract where will be your
source?
BSU organic market
Other store (specify): _______________
Other (specify): __________________

6. If you will not use, what will convince you to use sunflower extract?
Tried and tested
Become affordable
Advertised
Recommended by organic production expert
If I will be educated or trained more on organic production using sunflower extract.
Never

Other (specify): __________________
Market Potential Of Sunflower Extract As Fertilizer
And As Botanical Pesticide / Majesreh A. Dada-an. 2010

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Document Outline

• Market Potential of Sunflower Extract as Fertilizer and as Botanical Pesticide
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • ABSTRACT
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
    • Rationale
    • Importance of the Study
    • Statement of the Problem
    • Objectives of the Study
    • Scope and Delimitation
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
    • Popular Practicesin Organic Agriculture
    • The Use of Sunflower Extractin Organic Agriculture
    • Threats of Sunflower Productionand Utilization
    • Definition of Terms
  • METHODOLOGY
    • Locale and Time of the Study
    • Respondents of the Study
    • Data Collection
    • Data Analysis
  • RESULTS AND DICUSSION
    • Profile of the Respondents
    • Crop Planted
    • Uses of Sunflower Extract
    • Effect of Sunflower Extract as Botanical Pesticide
    • Distribution of the User Respondent�sAccording to Identified Pests
    • Volume of Sunflower Extract theyApply per Week for every 250m�
    • Market Potential of Sunflower Extract
    • Intensions of the Respondent toIncrease Utilization of SunflowerExtract
    • Respondent�s Reasons of IncreaseUtilization of Sunflower Extract
    • Source of Sunflower Extract of the User
    • Source of Sunflower Extract of the Non-user
    • Source of Sunflower Extract of the Non-user
    • Price that the Users are Willing to Payper Liter of Sunflower Extract
    • Substitute to Sunflower Extract
    • Reason why the Respondent�s do not Use
    • Non- user Willingness to UseSunflower Extract
  • SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • Summary
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • APPENDICES

---