BIBLIOGRAPHY TELIGO, OLIVIA A. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TELIGO, OLIVIA A. APRIL 2010. Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-
Purpose Cooperative to Members. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Jovita M. Sim, MSc.
ABSTRACT
This was conducted to: identify the social activities of the cooperative, determine
the level of participation of the members in the cooperative and cooperative social
activities and identify the impact of the social activities to the members. This study was
conducted in Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative on December 2009.
The respondents of the study were the 2 officers and 48 members of the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. Data were collected through personal interview with the use
of interview schedules. Frequency analysis was used in the analysis of data.
Most of the respondents were head of the household and male, age ranges from 24
to 65 years old, married and all have attended formal education. The respondents were
farmers, business owners, employees and some were housewives. The number of years a
member of the cooperative ranged from more than one year to 29 years. Majority of the
respondents belonged to the Kankana-ey ethnic group. Most of the respondents were
Roman Catholics.
The cooperative conducted social activities such as trainings and seminars, clean
and green program for the community, general assembly, member’s forum and Christmas
program. The members of the cooperative were proud to be a member of the cooperative,
but participation is not visible in the result. Members only attend cooperative activities
only if they have time.
Majority of the respondents believed that the social activities of the cooperative
had improved or changed their life. On the improvement of their social status, majority
mentioned that their relationship with others and neighbors had improved, they are now
attending cooperative activities and can now communicate with others.
The cooperative had improved the socio-economic status of the members such as
capital in business had increased thereby increasing their income, increased assets and
were able to send their children to school. The social attitude and behavior had improved
because of the social activities of the cooperative. The cooperative had improved the
social and socio-economic status of the members, however their participation is low.
Thus, it is recommended that the cooperative should develop a strategy to
motivate members to participate in cooperative activities. Continuous education should
be conducted especially on cooperativism and cooperation including that of values
orientation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bilbiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Importance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Definition of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Importance of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Measurement of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Dimension of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
iii
Data Analysis . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Social Activities of the Cooperative
Participated by the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Frequency of Participation of the Members
on the Cooperative Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Expectations that Members will Volunteer
to Help or Participate in Cooperative
Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Personal Evaluation on the Participation to
Cooperative Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Evaluation on the Participation to the Social
Activities of the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Rating on the Participation to Coop and
Community Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Personal rating on the socio-economic
status of household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Social and Economic Impact of the
Cooperative to the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
iv
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
APPENDIX
A. Survey Questionnaire
(For members and officers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
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1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The concept of social capital was developed sociologically and politically to
describe the resources available to individuals through their membership in community
networks. In contrast to financial capital which resides in people’s bank accounts or
human capital which is embodies in individuals investment in education and job training,
social capital adheres in the structure and quality of social relationship between
individual (Kawachi, 2001).
Social capital is a concept in business, economic, political science, sociology and
natural management that refers to connections within and between social networks.
A cooperative is a social network. The International Cooperative Alliance (1938)
defines cooperative as an autonomous association of persons unit as voluntary to meet
their economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and
democratically controlled enterprise.
This study focused on the social capital impact of members to learn to appreciate
the worth of help to one another. This is the lesson espoused by the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. The Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative was organized in
1990 with Mr. Bartolome Locloc as founder, manager and as the first president. The first
members were 55 households who pooled their funds amounting to eleven thousand
pesos (Php. 11,000.00) after 3 years as an organization membership increase with a total
of contributed share capital of fifteen thousand pesos (Php. 15,000.00).
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
2
Importance of the Study
The determination of the level of social capital impact could give their insights to
the cooperative members on what aspect has to be maintained or needs to be improved.
Results also provide information on the contribution to the social improvement of its
member.
Statement of the Problem
One of the most selected variables in evaluation of accomplishments is social
capital. Aside from tangible contributions of organizations and cooperatives, social
capital is demand necessary to consider. Social capitals look into the social capital
improvement of members. The study looked into the social capital investment of
members and its impact to the improvement of his/her social status. Thus, this study
aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What are the social activities of the cooperative?
2. What are the levels of participation of member to the cooperative and
cooperative social activities
3. What are the impacts of the social activities to the members?
Objectives of the Study
This study aimed to:
1. Identify the social activities of the cooperative.
2. Determine the level of participation of member in the cooperative and
cooperative social activities.
3. Identify the impact of the social activities to the members.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focused on social impact of members of the Tawang Multipurpose
Cooperative.
Furthermore, the study included the level of participation of members in the
cooperative and cooperative social activities.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Definition of Social Capital
The term social capital is used by analogy with other forms of economic capital, a
social argued to have similar benefits. Social capitalism as a theory challenges the idea
that socialism or capitalism is mutually exclusive. In the forms of capital (Bourdive,
2002) defines social capital as “the actual or potential resources, which are linked to
possession of durable network of more or less institutional relationships of mutual
acquaintance and recognition”. Social capital is about the value of trust, and with norms
of reciprocity (Travanler and Anton, 2001).
According to Halpern (2005), social are features of social life network, trust
enable participant to act together more effectively to pursue share objectives. In short,
social capital refers to social connections and the norms and trust (World Bank, 2001).
Medsan (2002) defined social capital functionally as concept use in business,
economics, organizational behavior, political science, public health, that refers to
connection with and in between that facilitates individuals generated by networks of
relationships, trust and social norms.
According to Pulsan (2003) social capital refers to the value of all social networks
and the raise from these networks to do things for each others. Pulsan stated that social
capital is a key component in building and maintaining democracy. It is an investment to
improve social attitudes and behavior to respond to economic crisis or adverse economic
condition.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
5
Importance of Social Capital
Social capital could be defining characteristic of communities that pull together
in the face of high oil prices versus those that tear themselves apart in the ultimate of
social capital tragedy of the commons (Gulati, 2001).
Social capital is important to efficient functioning of modern economies and
development to have individuals respond to a crisis situation.
Measurement of Social Capital
Social capital can be measured by the amount of trust in a community between
individuals. Grootaret and Blasteler (2002) as cited by Milagrosa and Smagen (2007),
recognized that social capital measurement occurs doing or continuum from the micro to
the microorganisms. The World Bank suggested the three approaches to social capital
measurement. First, Quantitative Studies Approach, second method involves
Comparative Analysis and the last method is the Qualitative Approach (World Bank,
2008).
Dimensions of Social Capital
Social capital refers to the connections to individuals (Pulsan, 2003) in order to
apply the concepts of social capital at a practical and operational level; there are three
groups’ dimensions; 1) groups of networks, which is the collection of individuals that
promote and project personal relationships, which also improves welfare, 2) trust
solidarity defines as the elements interpersonal behavior which fosters, greater cohesion
and more collective actions and lastly, 3) information and communication which
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
6
breakdown negative social capital and also positive social capital by improving access to
information.
Definition of Terms
Social – relating to human society or living in communities.
Capital – refers to those entire man-made and nature-made tangible things which
are to procedure things that are eventually used by human consumers.
Social Capital – refers to the connections between individual’s social network and
the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise.
Social capitalism – is seen by the ability of the company to have one creative,
positive and healthy development.
Cooperative – is an autonomous association of person united voluntarily to meet
their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly
owned and democratically controlled enterprise.
Multipurpose Cooperative – it is a form of two or kind of cooperatives.
Members – this is the group of persons who are part of one organization.
Ethno linguistic – studies the relationship between with language and culture, and
the way different ethnic groups perceive the word.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
7
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
This study was conducted in Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative. The office is
located at Papasok, barangay, Tawang, La Trinidad, Benguet. This study was conducted
on December 2009.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the 2 officers and 48 members of the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. There are five hundred eighty (580) members, while there are
forty officers. From this total population, a total of 50 respondents selected randomly
were the source of information needed in this study.
Data Collection
Data were collected through personal interview with the use of interview
schedules.
Data Gathered
The data gathered include the following: a) social activities of the cooperative; b)
level of social capital impact of Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative to members along
informal networks, participation, and c) impact of social activities of the members.
Data Analysis
Data gathered were tabulated and analyzed and presented according to the
objectives of the study. Frequency analysis was used in the analysis of data.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Respondents
The demographic profiles of the respondents were presented in Table 1. The
demographic profiles considered were the following; the position of the respondent to the
household, sex, age, civil status, number of years as member of the cooperative, position
in the cooperative, educational attainment, occupation, ethno linguistic group, religious
affiliation and languages and dialects spoken.
Position in the household. Most (54%) of the respondents were head of the
household and 46% were not. This implies that household heads are more active or
involved in cooperative movement especially if they are the major income earners.
Sex. Most (54%) of the respondents were male which all of these were the head of
the household. Forty six percent were females.
Age. Age of the respondents ranges from 24 to 65 years. Thirty two percent
belonged to the age bracket of 35 – 44 years old, 28% belonged to the age bracket of 24
– 34 years old, 24% were from age bracket of 55 – 65 year old, and 16% were from age
bracket 45 – 54 years old. The result implies that the most of the members were matured
enough to understand policies and responsibilities.
Civil status. Majority (96%) of the respondents were married and 4% were
widowed.
Educational attainment. All the respondents had attended formal education. Most
(48%) had reached the college level ( graduated and undergraduate), 32% had secondary
education, 16% had elementary education and 4% had finished vocational or technical
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
9
course. The result implies that the respondents are literate enough to understand
cooperative policies and regulations.
Table 1. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Classification of respondent
Household head
27
54
Not a household head
23
46
TOTAL
50
100
Sex
Male
27
54
Female
23
46
TOTAL
50
100
Age
24 – 34
14
28
35 – 44
16
32
45 – 54
8
16
55 – 65
12
24
TOTAL
50
100
Civil status
Married
48
96
Widow
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Educational attainment
Elementary
8
16
Secondary
16
32
College
24
48
Vocational/technical
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Occupation
Housewife
11
22
Farmer
21
42
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
10
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Business man/business woman
16
32
Teacher
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Number of years as member of the cooperative
1 – 5 years
24
48
6 – 10 years
16
32
11 – 15 years
8
16
16 – 20 years
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Position in the Cooperative
Member
48
96
Officer
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Ethno Linguistic group
Kankana-ey
33
66
Ilokano
8
16
Ibaloi
6
12
Tagalog
3
6
TOTAL
50
100
Religious Affiliation
Catholic
20
40
Born Again
12
24
Anglican
11
22
Inglesia ni Cristo
4
8
UCCP
3
6
TOTAL
50
100
Languages and dialects*
Kankana-ey
44
88
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
11
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Ilokano
40
80
Tagalog
40
80
English
30
60
Ibaloi
11
22
Kalanguya
3
6
Number of years as member of the cooperative
1 – 5 years
24
48
6 – 10 years
16
32
11 – 15 years
8
16
16 – 20 years
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Position in the Cooperative
Member
48
96
Officer
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Ethno Linguistic group
Kankana-ey
33
66
Ilokano
8
16
Ibaloi
6
12
Tagalog
3
6
TOTAL
50
100
Languages and dialects*
Kankana-ey
44
88
Ilokano
40
80
Tagalog
40
80
English
30
60
Ibaloi
11
22
Kalanguya
3
6
*Multiple responses
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
12
Occupation. Forty two percent of the respondents were farmers, 32% were in
business. Businesses referred were the store owners, vegetable trading, and other
business activities. Twenty two percent of the respondents were housewife, and 4% were
teachers.
Number of years as member of the cooperative. Forty eight percent of the
respondents were already member of the cooperative for 1 – 5 years, 32% were 6 – 10
years as member, 16% were 11 – 15 years as member and 4% were 16 – 20 years as
member of the cooperative.
Position in the cooperative. Ninety six percent were members of the cooperative
and 4% were officers.
Ethno linguistic group. Most (66%) of the respondents belonged to the Kankana-
ey group, 16% were Ilokano, 12% were Ibaloi, and 6% were Tagalog. The result implies
that majority of the respondent were from Benguet because they are kankana-ey’s and
Ibaloi’s.
Religious affiliation. Forty percent of the respondents were Catholics, 24% were
Born Again, 22% were Anglican, 8% were Iglesia ni Kristo and 6% were UCCP.
Language and dialects spoken. Majority (88%) of the respondents can speak the
Kankana-ey dialect, 80% can speak Ilokano, 80% can speak Tagalog, 60% can speak the
English language, 22% the Ibaloi and 6% the Kalanguya. There were respondents who
can speak other dialects such as Pampangeko, Bicol and Visaya.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
13
Social Activities of the Cooperative
Participated by the Respondents
The social activities of the cooperative (Table 2) mentioned by the respondents
include; trainings and seminars (30%), clean and green program (22%), general assembly
(20%), member’s forum (18%), and Christmas program (10%). The result implies that
despite of the annual general assembly conducted by the cooperative and is the major
activity were updates about the cooperative is disseminated, only 10 (20%) mentioned
this social activity. Furthermore, the general assembly is the major activity conducted
every year by cooperatives, but in Tawang Multi-purpose Cooperative, this is the least
known activity.
Frequency of Participation of the Members
on the Cooperative Activities.
Table 3 shows the frequency of participation to the different activities. Majority
(96%) of the respondents attended cooperative activity once. This result supports the
results in Table 2 that the members attend only one activity of the cooperative in a year.
This means that the respondents attend any of the activity only if they have time. Only 2
(4%) of the respondent attended cooperative activity at least twice a year.
Table 2. Social activities of the cooperative participated by the respondents
ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Training/seminars
15
30
Clean and green program
11
22
General assembly
10
20
Member’s forum
9
18
Christmas program
5
10
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
14
Table 3. Frequency of participation to the different activities
FREQUENCY OF FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
PARTICIPATION
Once a year
48
96
Twice a year
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Expectations that Members will Volunteer to
Help or Participate in Cooperative
Activities
As the name “cooperative” implies that there is cooperation, it is expected then
that members are always willing to volunteer to help or participate in cooperative
activities. However, in the result of this study, more than one half (58%) of the
respondents rated themselves as neutral which means they are not bias on the expectation
that the members will volunteer to help in cooperative activities. Thirty eight percent of
the respondents mentioned that they agree that it is generally expected that members will
volunteer to help in cooperative activities and four percent mentioned that they strongly
agree. None of the respondents mentioned that they strongly disagree or disagree on the
general expectations that members will volunteer to help in cooperative activities. This
means that members should always volunteer to help/participate in cooperative activities.
The result implies that the respondents/members were knowledgeable or aware on
the objectives and policies of cooperativism.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
15
Table 4. Expectations that members will volunteer to help or participate in cooperative
activities
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Strongly disagree
0
0
Disagree
0
0
Neutral
29
58
Agree
19
38
Strongly agree
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Personal Evaluation on the Participation
to Cooperative Activities
Majority (92%) of the respondents were proud that they were members of the
cooperative. However in terms of participation to cooperative activities, majority attend
to activities only once a year. Eight percent of the respondents were not proud to be
member of the cooperative. The result implies that the members were proud to be a
member of the cooperative but they were not actively participating in cooperative
activities.
Their willingness to participate to cooperative activities, contradicts their
perception and knowledge on the general expectations that members will volunteer to
participate in cooperative activities. Majority (96%) of the respondents attend to
cooperative activities only if they have time. Only 4% are willing to participate in
cooperative activities. Result implies that the respondents do not have the values of
cooperativism.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
16
On the rating on their power in decision making in the cooperative, majority
(94%) of the respondents were neutral, which means that they are neither be powerful or
powerless. Six percent mentioned that they were somewhat powerful. The result
contradicts the rule in cooperative that the general assembly should be powerful and that
it is not the officers that would decide, most of the decisions must be done by the general
assembly. In this study, it was noted that the 3 respondents who mentioned that they
were somewhat powerful were the officers and management staff.
Table 5. Personal evaluation on the participation to cooperative activities
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Proud as member of the cooperative
Proud as member
46
92
Not proud as member
4
8
TOTAL
50
100
Willingness to attend cooperative activities
Always willing to attend
2
4
Sometimes if I have time
48
96
TOTAL
50
100
Rating on your power in the cooperative
Totally powerless
-
-
Somewhat powerless
-
-
Neutral
47
94
Somewhat powerful
3
6
Very powerful
-
-
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
17
Evaluation on the Participation to the Social
Activities of the Cooperative
Most of the respondents were sometimes to never attend social activities of the
cooperative before and just after joining the cooperative. None of the respondents have
always attended cooperative activities. Currently, after joining the cooperative and have
been a member for 5 to 20 years, the respondents were now sometimes to always
attending cooperative activities. However, there were two respondents who never attend
cooperatives activities, despite of being a member for several years. Some still says
sometimes they attend if they have the time. However, result shows that the respondents
were not consistent on their answers (Table 6).
Table 6. Evaluation on the participation to the social activities of the cooperative
ACTIVITIES
BEFORE
AFTER
1
2
3
1
2
3
General assembly
-
38
-
-
-
13
Training services
26
-
-
2
24
-
Cleaning program
-
45
-
-
-
5
Seminars
32
-
-
-
29
-
Member’s forum
21
-
-
-
18
-
Christmas program
-
28
-
-
15
-
Participation in coop -
25
-
-
22
-
project
Legend : 1- never attended
2- sometimes if I have time
3- always attended
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
18
Rating on the Participation to Coop and
Community Activities
The respondents mentioned that they participate in cooperative decision making
sometimes only if they have time (Table 7). Usually, decision making is conducted
during general assembly meeting thus if the members do not regularly attend the meeting
then their participation to decision may neither be powerful or powerless as evident in
table 5. On cooperative community activities such as clean and green and cañao during
Christmas program, respondents mentioned that they participate only if they have time.
None of the respondents have always been attending cooperative activities. This implies
that the respondents do not regularly attend the general assembly meeting. The result
supports the data in table 3 and 5.
Furthermore, despite of the benefits they derived from their membership in the
cooperative, result shows that the respondents do not participate actively in the
cooperative activities.
Table 7. Rating on the participation to coop and community activities
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
1
2
3
Coop decision making
-
37
-
Coop community activities
-
33
-
Clean and green
-
24
-
Canao
-
20
-
Legend : 1- never attended
2- sometimes if I have time
3- always attended
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
19
Personal Rating on the Socio-Economic
Status of Household
Majority (76%) of the respondents rated the current socio economic status of their
households as neutral, which means their socio-economic status is average. The
respondents do not consider their household as poor neither it is rich. Maybe the
respondents were living a bit higher from the poverty line. Twenty four percent of the
respondents rated their households as poor, which means that they are living below the
poverty line (Table 8).
This implies that a small percentage of the members consider themselves as poor.
Nobody from the respondents mentioned that their household is very poor. Nobody also
mention that they are rich.
Table 8. Personal rating on the socio-economic status of household
RATING
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Very poor
0
0
Poor
12
24
Neutral
38
76
Rich
0
0
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
20
Social and Economic Impact of the
Cooperative to the Respondents
Table 9 shows the social and economic impact of the cooperative to respondents.
Majority (96%) of the respondents believed that the social activities of the cooperative
had improved or changed their life while only 4% believed that the cooperative did not
improve or change their life.
On the improvement of their social status, majority (80%) mentioned that their
relationship with others and neighbors had improved, which means that they now mingle
or socialize with their neighbors and with other people within and outside the community.
This maybe attributed to their participation in cooperative social activities even if the
frequency of participation is low as evident in the previous discussion in Table 3. Ten
percent mentioned that they are now attending cooperative activities and another 10%
mentioned they can now communicate with others.
On the socio-economic impact of the cooperative to the respondents, sixty four
percent of the respondents mentioned that their business capital had increased thereby
increasing their income. Through the increased income the purchasing power had also
increased. Twenty percent of the respondent mentioned that their asset had increased.
This maybe the reason why when of the respondents rated their economic status majority
rated their household as neutral which means they are not poor but they were also not rich.
The respondents may also be very humble or maybe thinking that if they claim their
household as rich the BIR will run after their income tax. The respondents were able to
purchased appliance and improved houses. This maybe due to the increased in income or
they borrowed from the cooperative for the purpose of purchasing asset. Sixteen percent
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
21
of the respondent mentioned that they were able to send their children to school. This is
due to the increased in income and some loaned for the purpose of child education.
Table 9. Social and economic impact of the cooperative to the respondents
.
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Improvement /changes in life
Had improved/changed life
48
96
Did not improve or change life
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Improved social status
Now attending coop activities
5
10
Can now communicate with others
5
10
Had improved relationship with other
40
80
members and neighbors
TOTAL
50
100
Improved socio-economic status
Had increased business capital and income
32
64
Had increased assets
10
20
Able to bring children to school
8
16
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study “Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose Cooperative to
Members” was conducted to: identify the social activities of the cooperative, determine
the level of participation of the members in the cooperative and cooperative social
activities and identify the impact of the social activities to the members. This study was
conducted in Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative on December 2009.
The respondents of the study were the 2 officers and 48 members of the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. Data were collected through personal interview with the use
of interview schedules. Frequency analysis was used in the analysis of data.
Most of the respondents were head of the household and male and age ranges
from 24 to 65 years old. Majority of the respondents were married and all have attended
formal education. The respondents were farmers, business owners, employees and some
were housewives. The number of years as member of the cooperative ranged from more
than one year to 29 years.
Majority of the respondents belonged to the Kankana-ey ethnic group which is
dominant in the area, however they speak several dialect such as Ilokano, and Tagalog.
Other ethnic group in the area include Ilokano, Ibaloi, and Tagalog. Majority of the
respondents speak the Kankana-ey, Ilokano, Tagalog and Ibaloi dialect. Majority can
also speak the English language. Most of the respondents were Roman Catholics. Other
religious affiliations of the respondents were Born Again Christians, Anglican, Iglesia ni
Kristo and UCCP.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
23
The social activities of the cooperative mentioned by the respondents include;
trainings and seminars, clean and green program, general assembly, member’s forum, and
Christmas program. Majority of the respondents attended cooperative activity once. Thus,
participation was not very visible in the cooperative as shown in the result. More than
half of the respondents stated that they are neutral in terms of expectations that the
members will volunteer to help in cooperative activities. Very few agree that members
are expected to volunteer to help in cooperative activities.
Majority of the respondents were proud that they were members of the
cooperative. However, majority of the respondents attend to cooperative activities only if
they have time. On the rating on their position to the cooperative, majority of the
respondents were neutral, which means that they may either be powerful or powerless
depending on what aspect or concern in the cooperative. The officers mentioned that they
were somewhat powerful as to their position in the cooperative.
Most of the respondents were sometimes to never attend social activities of the
cooperative before and just after joining the cooperative. None of the respondents have
always attended cooperative activities. After joining the cooperative and have been a
member for 5 to 20 years, the respondents were now sometimes to always attending
cooperative activities. However, there were two respondents who never attend
cooperatives activities, despite of being a member for several years.
Most of the respondents rated the socio-economic status of their households as
neutral, which means their socio-economic status is average. Twenty four percent of the
respondents rated their households as poor, which means that they are living below the
poverty line. However, due to their membership in the cooperative, their socio-economic
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
24
status had improved, Impact of the cooperative to the socio-economic status were;
increased in business capital and assets and was able to send children to school.
Majority of the respondents believed that the social activities of the cooperative
had improved or changed their life. On the improvement of their social status, majority
mentioned that their relationship with others and neighbors had improved, they are now
attending cooperative activities and can now communicate with others.
Conclusions
From the result the following conclusion were drawn:
1. The cooperative conducted social activities such as trainings and seminars,
clean and green program for the community, general assembly, member’s forum and
Christmas program.
2. The members of the cooperative were proud to be a member of the cooperative,
but participation is not visible in the result.
3. The cooperative had improved the socio-economic status of the members such
as capital in business had increased thereby increasing their income, increased assets and
were able to send their children to school.
4. The social attitude and behavior had improved because of the social activities
of the cooperative.
Recommendations
The cooperative had improved the social and socio-economic status of the
members, however their participation is low. It is therefore recommended that the
cooperative should develop a strategy to motivate members to participate in cooperative
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
25
activities. Continuous education should be conducted especially on cooperativism and
cooperation. Values orientation should also be conducted to members and officers of the
cooperative.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
26
LITERATURE CITED
BOURDIVE, P. 2002. Forms of capital. Retrieved September 26, 2009 from http://en.
Wikipedia.orig/wiki/social-capital.
GULATI, P. 2001. Social capital. Retrieved September 5, 2009 from
http://www.infed.orig.biblio/social_capital.
HALPERN, D. 2005. Social capital. Retrieved August 26, 2009 from http://www.infed.
orig/biblio/social_capital.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ALLIANCE. 1938. Social Capital. Retrieved
August 9, 2009 from http://www.infed.orig/biblio/social_capital.
KAWACHI. 2001. Social Capital. Retrieved September 20, 2009 from http://www.infed.
orig/biblio/social_capital.
MEDSAN, A. 2002. Social capital. Retrieved September 26, 2009 from
http://en.wikipedia.orig/social_capital.
MILAGROSA, P. A. and A. SMAGEN. 2007. The Social Capital of Indigenous
Agricultural communities in Benguet, Northern, Philippines. P. 26.
PULSAN, R. 2003. Social Capital Retrieved August 22, 2009 from
http://www.infed.orig/biblio/social_capital.
TRAVANLER, S. and R. ANTON. 2001. Social Capital. Retrieved September 30, 2009
from http://www.infred.orig.biblio/social_capital.
WORLD BANK. 2001. Social Capital. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from http://.World
Bank.origbiblio/social capital.
WORLD BANK. 2008. Social Capital. Retrieved August 20, 2009 from
http://www.World Bank.orig.biblio/social capital.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
27
APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire
(For the Members and Officers)
A. General Information
1. Name of respondents _____________________________Address________________
2. Is the respondents head of household? _________ Yes _________No
3. Sex: ____________Male _____________Female
4. Age of respondent: ____________________
5. Civil status: _______ single _______Married _______Widow
6. How long has the respondent been a member of this cooperative? _________________
7. Position in cooperative : __________ Officer __________ Member
8. Language spoken _______________________________________________________
9. Local dialects __________________________________________________________
B. Social Activities of the Cooperative
10. On average, how often do you participate in your cooperative activities in a year?
_____ Once _____ Twice _____ More than twice, specify ___________________
11. In your cooperative, is it generally expected/required that members will volunteer or
help in cooperative activities?
_____ Strongly disagree
______ Agree
_____ Disagree
______ Strongly agree
_____ Neutral
12. Are the members who do not volunteer or participate in cooperative’s are likely to be
fine? ______ Yes
______ No
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
28
13. Being a member of the cooperative, where will you put yourself?
_____ Totally powerless
_____ Somewhat powerless
_____ Somewhat
_____ Very powerless
_____ Neutral
14. Are you proud as a member of the cooperative?
_____ Yes, why? _________________________________________________________
_____ No, why? _________________________________________________________
15. As a member, are you willing to attend the social activities of the cooperative such as
generally assembly and trainings?
_____ Always willing to attend
_____ Sometimes if I have time
_____ Never attended
16. What are the social activities offered by the cooperative to members?
_____ General assembly
_____ Training services
_____ Cleaning program
_____ Others, specify ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
C. Impact of the Social Activities to Members
17. Kindly indicate how you rate your participation to the following social activities of
the cooperative. (Please use the rating scale indicated below)
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
29
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
BEFORE
AFTER
General assembly
Training services
Cleaning programs
Member’s forum
Seminars
Participation to cooperative projects
Others, specify____________________________
Legend 1 – ever attended
2 – sometimes if I have time
3 – always attended
18. Is there improvement or changes in your life when you joined in the cooperative as a
member?
_____ Yes, why? ________________________________________________________
_____ No, why? ________________________________________________________
19. Why do you there is an impact of the cooperative in your life?
____ Improved social status
____ developed my self confidence
____ is now attending cooperative activities regularly
____ can now communicate with others
____ can now get along with others
____ had improved my relationship with other members and neighbors
____ Others, please specify ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
____ Improved socio-economic status
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
30
_____ had increased my business capital
_____ had increased my assets
_____ was able to purchase appliances
_____ was able to bring my children to school
_____ Others, please specify __________________________________________
__________________________________________
20. How would you rate your household?
_____ Very poor
_____ Poor
_____ Neutral
_____ Rich
_____ Very rich
21. Being a member of the cooperative, where would you put yourself?
_____ Total powerless
_____ Somewhat powerless
_____ Neutral
_____ Somewhat powerful
_____ Very powerful
C. Groups/Networks and Participation
22. Please rate your participation on the following activities?
PARTICULAR
1
2
3
Participate in our cooperative’s decision making
Participate in our cooperative’s community and other
activities
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
31
Clean and Green community social program
Clan
Reunion
Canao
Legend: 1 – Never attended
2 - Sometimes if I have time
3 – Always attending
23. On average, how often do you participate in your cooperative’s activities in a year?
_____ Once _____ Twice _____ More than twice, specify ___________________
D. Demographic Profile
24. What is your occupation?
_____ Housewife
_____ Farmer
_____ Businessman
_____ Others, specify ___________________________________________________
25. What is your religious affiliation?
_____ Catholic
_____ Born Again
_____ Iglesia ni Cristo
_____ Anglican
_____ Others, specify ___________________________________________________
26. What is your ethno-linguistic group?
_____ Ilocano
_____ Kankanaey
_____ Ibaloi
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
32
_____ Kalanguya
_____ Others, specify ____________________________________________________
27. What language/s and dialects can you speak?
_____ English
_____ Tagalog
_____ Ibaloi
_____ Kalanguya
_____ Kankanaey
_____ Ilocano
_____ Others, specify ____________________________________________________
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!!!
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
TELIGO, OLIVIA A. APRIL 2010. Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-
Purpose Cooperative to Members. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Jovita M. Sim, MSc.
ABSTRACT
This was conducted to: identify the social activities of the cooperative, determine
the level of participation of the members in the cooperative and cooperative social
activities and identify the impact of the social activities to the members. This study was
conducted in Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative on December 2009.
The respondents of the study were the 2 officers and 48 members of the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. Data were collected through personal interview with the use
of interview schedules. Frequency analysis was used in the analysis of data.
Most of the respondents were head of the household and male, age ranges from 24
to 65 years old, married and all have attended formal education. The respondents were
farmers, business owners, employees and some were housewives. The number of years a
member of the cooperative ranged from more than one year to 29 years. Majority of the
respondents belonged to the Kankana-ey ethnic group. Most of the respondents were
Roman Catholics.
The cooperative conducted social activities such as trainings and seminars, clean
and green program for the community, general assembly, member’s forum and Christmas
program. The members of the cooperative were proud to be a member of the cooperative,
but participation is not visible in the result. Members only attend cooperative activities
only if they have time.
Majority of the respondents believed that the social activities of the cooperative
had improved or changed their life. On the improvement of their social status, majority
mentioned that their relationship with others and neighbors had improved, they are now
attending cooperative activities and can now communicate with others.
The cooperative had improved the socio-economic status of the members such as
capital in business had increased thereby increasing their income, increased assets and
were able to send their children to school. The social attitude and behavior had improved
because of the social activities of the cooperative. The cooperative had improved the
social and socio-economic status of the members, however their participation is low.
Thus, it is recommended that the cooperative should develop a strategy to
motivate members to participate in cooperative activities. Continuous education should
be conducted especially on cooperativism and cooperation including that of values
orientation.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bilbiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Importance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Definition of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Importance of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Measurement of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Dimension of Social Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Data Gathered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
iii
Data Analysis . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Social Activities of the Cooperative
Participated by the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Frequency of Participation of the Members
on the Cooperative Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Expectations that Members will Volunteer
to Help or Participate in Cooperative
Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Personal Evaluation on the Participation to
Cooperative Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Evaluation on the Participation to the Social
Activities of the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Rating on the Participation to Coop and
Community Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Personal rating on the socio-economic
status of household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Social and Economic Impact of the
Cooperative to the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
iv
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
APPENDIX
A. Survey Questionnaire
(For members and officers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
v
1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The concept of social capital was developed sociologically and politically to
describe the resources available to individuals through their membership in community
networks. In contrast to financial capital which resides in people’s bank accounts or
human capital which is embodies in individuals investment in education and job training,
social capital adheres in the structure and quality of social relationship between
individual (Kawachi, 2001).
Social capital is a concept in business, economic, political science, sociology and
natural management that refers to connections within and between social networks.
A cooperative is a social network. The International Cooperative Alliance (1938)
defines cooperative as an autonomous association of persons unit as voluntary to meet
their economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and
democratically controlled enterprise.
This study focused on the social capital impact of members to learn to appreciate
the worth of help to one another. This is the lesson espoused by the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. The Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative was organized in
1990 with Mr. Bartolome Locloc as founder, manager and as the first president. The first
members were 55 households who pooled their funds amounting to eleven thousand
pesos (Php. 11,000.00) after 3 years as an organization membership increase with a total
of contributed share capital of fifteen thousand pesos (Php. 15,000.00).
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
2
Importance of the Study
The determination of the level of social capital impact could give their insights to
the cooperative members on what aspect has to be maintained or needs to be improved.
Results also provide information on the contribution to the social improvement of its
member.
Statement of the Problem
One of the most selected variables in evaluation of accomplishments is social
capital. Aside from tangible contributions of organizations and cooperatives, social
capital is demand necessary to consider. Social capitals look into the social capital
improvement of members. The study looked into the social capital investment of
members and its impact to the improvement of his/her social status. Thus, this study
aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What are the social activities of the cooperative?
2. What are the levels of participation of member to the cooperative and
cooperative social activities
3. What are the impacts of the social activities to the members?
Objectives of the Study
This study aimed to:
1. Identify the social activities of the cooperative.
2. Determine the level of participation of member in the cooperative and
cooperative social activities.
3. Identify the impact of the social activities to the members.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focused on social impact of members of the Tawang Multipurpose
Cooperative.
Furthermore, the study included the level of participation of members in the
cooperative and cooperative social activities.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Definition of Social Capital
The term social capital is used by analogy with other forms of economic capital, a
social argued to have similar benefits. Social capitalism as a theory challenges the idea
that socialism or capitalism is mutually exclusive. In the forms of capital (Bourdive,
2002) defines social capital as “the actual or potential resources, which are linked to
possession of durable network of more or less institutional relationships of mutual
acquaintance and recognition”. Social capital is about the value of trust, and with norms
of reciprocity (Travanler and Anton, 2001).
According to Halpern (2005), social are features of social life network, trust
enable participant to act together more effectively to pursue share objectives. In short,
social capital refers to social connections and the norms and trust (World Bank, 2001).
Medsan (2002) defined social capital functionally as concept use in business,
economics, organizational behavior, political science, public health, that refers to
connection with and in between that facilitates individuals generated by networks of
relationships, trust and social norms.
According to Pulsan (2003) social capital refers to the value of all social networks
and the raise from these networks to do things for each others. Pulsan stated that social
capital is a key component in building and maintaining democracy. It is an investment to
improve social attitudes and behavior to respond to economic crisis or adverse economic
condition.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
5
Importance of Social Capital
Social capital could be defining characteristic of communities that pull together
in the face of high oil prices versus those that tear themselves apart in the ultimate of
social capital tragedy of the commons (Gulati, 2001).
Social capital is important to efficient functioning of modern economies and
development to have individuals respond to a crisis situation.
Measurement of Social Capital
Social capital can be measured by the amount of trust in a community between
individuals. Grootaret and Blasteler (2002) as cited by Milagrosa and Smagen (2007),
recognized that social capital measurement occurs doing or continuum from the micro to
the microorganisms. The World Bank suggested the three approaches to social capital
measurement. First, Quantitative Studies Approach, second method involves
Comparative Analysis and the last method is the Qualitative Approach (World Bank,
2008).
Dimensions of Social Capital
Social capital refers to the connections to individuals (Pulsan, 2003) in order to
apply the concepts of social capital at a practical and operational level; there are three
groups’ dimensions; 1) groups of networks, which is the collection of individuals that
promote and project personal relationships, which also improves welfare, 2) trust
solidarity defines as the elements interpersonal behavior which fosters, greater cohesion
and more collective actions and lastly, 3) information and communication which
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
6
breakdown negative social capital and also positive social capital by improving access to
information.
Definition of Terms
Social – relating to human society or living in communities.
Capital – refers to those entire man-made and nature-made tangible things which
are to procedure things that are eventually used by human consumers.
Social Capital – refers to the connections between individual’s social network and
the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise.
Social capitalism – is seen by the ability of the company to have one creative,
positive and healthy development.
Cooperative – is an autonomous association of person united voluntarily to meet
their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly
owned and democratically controlled enterprise.
Multipurpose Cooperative – it is a form of two or kind of cooperatives.
Members – this is the group of persons who are part of one organization.
Ethno linguistic – studies the relationship between with language and culture, and
the way different ethnic groups perceive the word.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
7
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
This study was conducted in Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative. The office is
located at Papasok, barangay, Tawang, La Trinidad, Benguet. This study was conducted
on December 2009.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the 2 officers and 48 members of the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. There are five hundred eighty (580) members, while there are
forty officers. From this total population, a total of 50 respondents selected randomly
were the source of information needed in this study.
Data Collection
Data were collected through personal interview with the use of interview
schedules.
Data Gathered
The data gathered include the following: a) social activities of the cooperative; b)
level of social capital impact of Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative to members along
informal networks, participation, and c) impact of social activities of the members.
Data Analysis
Data gathered were tabulated and analyzed and presented according to the
objectives of the study. Frequency analysis was used in the analysis of data.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Respondents
The demographic profiles of the respondents were presented in Table 1. The
demographic profiles considered were the following; the position of the respondent to the
household, sex, age, civil status, number of years as member of the cooperative, position
in the cooperative, educational attainment, occupation, ethno linguistic group, religious
affiliation and languages and dialects spoken.
Position in the household. Most (54%) of the respondents were head of the
household and 46% were not. This implies that household heads are more active or
involved in cooperative movement especially if they are the major income earners.
Sex. Most (54%) of the respondents were male which all of these were the head of
the household. Forty six percent were females.
Age. Age of the respondents ranges from 24 to 65 years. Thirty two percent
belonged to the age bracket of 35 – 44 years old, 28% belonged to the age bracket of 24
– 34 years old, 24% were from age bracket of 55 – 65 year old, and 16% were from age
bracket 45 – 54 years old. The result implies that the most of the members were matured
enough to understand policies and responsibilities.
Civil status. Majority (96%) of the respondents were married and 4% were
widowed.
Educational attainment. All the respondents had attended formal education. Most
(48%) had reached the college level ( graduated and undergraduate), 32% had secondary
education, 16% had elementary education and 4% had finished vocational or technical
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
9
course. The result implies that the respondents are literate enough to understand
cooperative policies and regulations.
Table 1. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Classification of respondent
Household head
27
54
Not a household head
23
46
TOTAL
50
100
Sex
Male
27
54
Female
23
46
TOTAL
50
100
Age
24 – 34
14
28
35 – 44
16
32
45 – 54
8
16
55 – 65
12
24
TOTAL
50
100
Civil status
Married
48
96
Widow
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Educational attainment
Elementary
8
16
Secondary
16
32
College
24
48
Vocational/technical
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Occupation
Housewife
11
22
Farmer
21
42
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
10
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Business man/business woman
16
32
Teacher
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Number of years as member of the cooperative
1 – 5 years
24
48
6 – 10 years
16
32
11 – 15 years
8
16
16 – 20 years
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Position in the Cooperative
Member
48
96
Officer
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Ethno Linguistic group
Kankana-ey
33
66
Ilokano
8
16
Ibaloi
6
12
Tagalog
3
6
TOTAL
50
100
Religious Affiliation
Catholic
20
40
Born Again
12
24
Anglican
11
22
Inglesia ni Cristo
4
8
UCCP
3
6
TOTAL
50
100
Languages and dialects*
Kankana-ey
44
88
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
11
Table 1 continued…
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Ilokano
40
80
Tagalog
40
80
English
30
60
Ibaloi
11
22
Kalanguya
3
6
Number of years as member of the cooperative
1 – 5 years
24
48
6 – 10 years
16
32
11 – 15 years
8
16
16 – 20 years
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Position in the Cooperative
Member
48
96
Officer
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Ethno Linguistic group
Kankana-ey
33
66
Ilokano
8
16
Ibaloi
6
12
Tagalog
3
6
TOTAL
50
100
Languages and dialects*
Kankana-ey
44
88
Ilokano
40
80
Tagalog
40
80
English
30
60
Ibaloi
11
22
Kalanguya
3
6
*Multiple responses
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
12
Occupation. Forty two percent of the respondents were farmers, 32% were in
business. Businesses referred were the store owners, vegetable trading, and other
business activities. Twenty two percent of the respondents were housewife, and 4% were
teachers.
Number of years as member of the cooperative. Forty eight percent of the
respondents were already member of the cooperative for 1 – 5 years, 32% were 6 – 10
years as member, 16% were 11 – 15 years as member and 4% were 16 – 20 years as
member of the cooperative.
Position in the cooperative. Ninety six percent were members of the cooperative
and 4% were officers.
Ethno linguistic group. Most (66%) of the respondents belonged to the Kankana-
ey group, 16% were Ilokano, 12% were Ibaloi, and 6% were Tagalog. The result implies
that majority of the respondent were from Benguet because they are kankana-ey’s and
Ibaloi’s.
Religious affiliation. Forty percent of the respondents were Catholics, 24% were
Born Again, 22% were Anglican, 8% were Iglesia ni Kristo and 6% were UCCP.
Language and dialects spoken. Majority (88%) of the respondents can speak the
Kankana-ey dialect, 80% can speak Ilokano, 80% can speak Tagalog, 60% can speak the
English language, 22% the Ibaloi and 6% the Kalanguya. There were respondents who
can speak other dialects such as Pampangeko, Bicol and Visaya.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
13
Social Activities of the Cooperative
Participated by the Respondents
The social activities of the cooperative (Table 2) mentioned by the respondents
include; trainings and seminars (30%), clean and green program (22%), general assembly
(20%), member’s forum (18%), and Christmas program (10%). The result implies that
despite of the annual general assembly conducted by the cooperative and is the major
activity were updates about the cooperative is disseminated, only 10 (20%) mentioned
this social activity. Furthermore, the general assembly is the major activity conducted
every year by cooperatives, but in Tawang Multi-purpose Cooperative, this is the least
known activity.
Frequency of Participation of the Members
on the Cooperative Activities.
Table 3 shows the frequency of participation to the different activities. Majority
(96%) of the respondents attended cooperative activity once. This result supports the
results in Table 2 that the members attend only one activity of the cooperative in a year.
This means that the respondents attend any of the activity only if they have time. Only 2
(4%) of the respondent attended cooperative activity at least twice a year.
Table 2. Social activities of the cooperative participated by the respondents
ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Training/seminars
15
30
Clean and green program
11
22
General assembly
10
20
Member’s forum
9
18
Christmas program
5
10
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
14
Table 3. Frequency of participation to the different activities
FREQUENCY OF FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
PARTICIPATION
Once a year
48
96
Twice a year
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Expectations that Members will Volunteer to
Help or Participate in Cooperative
Activities
As the name “cooperative” implies that there is cooperation, it is expected then
that members are always willing to volunteer to help or participate in cooperative
activities. However, in the result of this study, more than one half (58%) of the
respondents rated themselves as neutral which means they are not bias on the expectation
that the members will volunteer to help in cooperative activities. Thirty eight percent of
the respondents mentioned that they agree that it is generally expected that members will
volunteer to help in cooperative activities and four percent mentioned that they strongly
agree. None of the respondents mentioned that they strongly disagree or disagree on the
general expectations that members will volunteer to help in cooperative activities. This
means that members should always volunteer to help/participate in cooperative activities.
The result implies that the respondents/members were knowledgeable or aware on
the objectives and policies of cooperativism.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
15
Table 4. Expectations that members will volunteer to help or participate in cooperative
activities
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Strongly disagree
0
0
Disagree
0
0
Neutral
29
58
Agree
19
38
Strongly agree
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Personal Evaluation on the Participation
to Cooperative Activities
Majority (92%) of the respondents were proud that they were members of the
cooperative. However in terms of participation to cooperative activities, majority attend
to activities only once a year. Eight percent of the respondents were not proud to be
member of the cooperative. The result implies that the members were proud to be a
member of the cooperative but they were not actively participating in cooperative
activities.
Their willingness to participate to cooperative activities, contradicts their
perception and knowledge on the general expectations that members will volunteer to
participate in cooperative activities. Majority (96%) of the respondents attend to
cooperative activities only if they have time. Only 4% are willing to participate in
cooperative activities. Result implies that the respondents do not have the values of
cooperativism.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
16
On the rating on their power in decision making in the cooperative, majority
(94%) of the respondents were neutral, which means that they are neither be powerful or
powerless. Six percent mentioned that they were somewhat powerful. The result
contradicts the rule in cooperative that the general assembly should be powerful and that
it is not the officers that would decide, most of the decisions must be done by the general
assembly. In this study, it was noted that the 3 respondents who mentioned that they
were somewhat powerful were the officers and management staff.
Table 5. Personal evaluation on the participation to cooperative activities
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Proud as member of the cooperative
Proud as member
46
92
Not proud as member
4
8
TOTAL
50
100
Willingness to attend cooperative activities
Always willing to attend
2
4
Sometimes if I have time
48
96
TOTAL
50
100
Rating on your power in the cooperative
Totally powerless
-
-
Somewhat powerless
-
-
Neutral
47
94
Somewhat powerful
3
6
Very powerful
-
-
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
17
Evaluation on the Participation to the Social
Activities of the Cooperative
Most of the respondents were sometimes to never attend social activities of the
cooperative before and just after joining the cooperative. None of the respondents have
always attended cooperative activities. Currently, after joining the cooperative and have
been a member for 5 to 20 years, the respondents were now sometimes to always
attending cooperative activities. However, there were two respondents who never attend
cooperatives activities, despite of being a member for several years. Some still says
sometimes they attend if they have the time. However, result shows that the respondents
were not consistent on their answers (Table 6).
Table 6. Evaluation on the participation to the social activities of the cooperative
ACTIVITIES
BEFORE
AFTER
1
2
3
1
2
3
General assembly
-
38
-
-
-
13
Training services
26
-
-
2
24
-
Cleaning program
-
45
-
-
-
5
Seminars
32
-
-
-
29
-
Member’s forum
21
-
-
-
18
-
Christmas program
-
28
-
-
15
-
Participation in coop -
25
-
-
22
-
project
Legend : 1- never attended
2- sometimes if I have time
3- always attended
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
18
Rating on the Participation to Coop and
Community Activities
The respondents mentioned that they participate in cooperative decision making
sometimes only if they have time (Table 7). Usually, decision making is conducted
during general assembly meeting thus if the members do not regularly attend the meeting
then their participation to decision may neither be powerful or powerless as evident in
table 5. On cooperative community activities such as clean and green and cañao during
Christmas program, respondents mentioned that they participate only if they have time.
None of the respondents have always been attending cooperative activities. This implies
that the respondents do not regularly attend the general assembly meeting. The result
supports the data in table 3 and 5.
Furthermore, despite of the benefits they derived from their membership in the
cooperative, result shows that the respondents do not participate actively in the
cooperative activities.
Table 7. Rating on the participation to coop and community activities
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
1
2
3
Coop decision making
-
37
-
Coop community activities
-
33
-
Clean and green
-
24
-
Canao
-
20
-
Legend : 1- never attended
2- sometimes if I have time
3- always attended
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
19
Personal Rating on the Socio-Economic
Status of Household
Majority (76%) of the respondents rated the current socio economic status of their
households as neutral, which means their socio-economic status is average. The
respondents do not consider their household as poor neither it is rich. Maybe the
respondents were living a bit higher from the poverty line. Twenty four percent of the
respondents rated their households as poor, which means that they are living below the
poverty line (Table 8).
This implies that a small percentage of the members consider themselves as poor.
Nobody from the respondents mentioned that their household is very poor. Nobody also
mention that they are rich.
Table 8. Personal rating on the socio-economic status of household
RATING
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Very poor
0
0
Poor
12
24
Neutral
38
76
Rich
0
0
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
20
Social and Economic Impact of the
Cooperative to the Respondents
Table 9 shows the social and economic impact of the cooperative to respondents.
Majority (96%) of the respondents believed that the social activities of the cooperative
had improved or changed their life while only 4% believed that the cooperative did not
improve or change their life.
On the improvement of their social status, majority (80%) mentioned that their
relationship with others and neighbors had improved, which means that they now mingle
or socialize with their neighbors and with other people within and outside the community.
This maybe attributed to their participation in cooperative social activities even if the
frequency of participation is low as evident in the previous discussion in Table 3. Ten
percent mentioned that they are now attending cooperative activities and another 10%
mentioned they can now communicate with others.
On the socio-economic impact of the cooperative to the respondents, sixty four
percent of the respondents mentioned that their business capital had increased thereby
increasing their income. Through the increased income the purchasing power had also
increased. Twenty percent of the respondent mentioned that their asset had increased.
This maybe the reason why when of the respondents rated their economic status majority
rated their household as neutral which means they are not poor but they were also not rich.
The respondents may also be very humble or maybe thinking that if they claim their
household as rich the BIR will run after their income tax. The respondents were able to
purchased appliance and improved houses. This maybe due to the increased in income or
they borrowed from the cooperative for the purpose of purchasing asset. Sixteen percent
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
21
of the respondent mentioned that they were able to send their children to school. This is
due to the increased in income and some loaned for the purpose of child education.
Table 9. Social and economic impact of the cooperative to the respondents
.
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Improvement /changes in life
Had improved/changed life
48
96
Did not improve or change life
2
4
TOTAL
50
100
Improved social status
Now attending coop activities
5
10
Can now communicate with others
5
10
Had improved relationship with other
40
80
members and neighbors
TOTAL
50
100
Improved socio-economic status
Had increased business capital and income
32
64
Had increased assets
10
20
Able to bring children to school
8
16
TOTAL
50
100
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study “Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose Cooperative to
Members” was conducted to: identify the social activities of the cooperative, determine
the level of participation of the members in the cooperative and cooperative social
activities and identify the impact of the social activities to the members. This study was
conducted in Tawang Multipurpose Cooperative on December 2009.
The respondents of the study were the 2 officers and 48 members of the Tawang
Multipurpose Cooperative. Data were collected through personal interview with the use
of interview schedules. Frequency analysis was used in the analysis of data.
Most of the respondents were head of the household and male and age ranges
from 24 to 65 years old. Majority of the respondents were married and all have attended
formal education. The respondents were farmers, business owners, employees and some
were housewives. The number of years as member of the cooperative ranged from more
than one year to 29 years.
Majority of the respondents belonged to the Kankana-ey ethnic group which is
dominant in the area, however they speak several dialect such as Ilokano, and Tagalog.
Other ethnic group in the area include Ilokano, Ibaloi, and Tagalog. Majority of the
respondents speak the Kankana-ey, Ilokano, Tagalog and Ibaloi dialect. Majority can
also speak the English language. Most of the respondents were Roman Catholics. Other
religious affiliations of the respondents were Born Again Christians, Anglican, Iglesia ni
Kristo and UCCP.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
23
The social activities of the cooperative mentioned by the respondents include;
trainings and seminars, clean and green program, general assembly, member’s forum, and
Christmas program. Majority of the respondents attended cooperative activity once. Thus,
participation was not very visible in the cooperative as shown in the result. More than
half of the respondents stated that they are neutral in terms of expectations that the
members will volunteer to help in cooperative activities. Very few agree that members
are expected to volunteer to help in cooperative activities.
Majority of the respondents were proud that they were members of the
cooperative. However, majority of the respondents attend to cooperative activities only if
they have time. On the rating on their position to the cooperative, majority of the
respondents were neutral, which means that they may either be powerful or powerless
depending on what aspect or concern in the cooperative. The officers mentioned that they
were somewhat powerful as to their position in the cooperative.
Most of the respondents were sometimes to never attend social activities of the
cooperative before and just after joining the cooperative. None of the respondents have
always attended cooperative activities. After joining the cooperative and have been a
member for 5 to 20 years, the respondents were now sometimes to always attending
cooperative activities. However, there were two respondents who never attend
cooperatives activities, despite of being a member for several years.
Most of the respondents rated the socio-economic status of their households as
neutral, which means their socio-economic status is average. Twenty four percent of the
respondents rated their households as poor, which means that they are living below the
poverty line. However, due to their membership in the cooperative, their socio-economic
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
24
status had improved, Impact of the cooperative to the socio-economic status were;
increased in business capital and assets and was able to send children to school.
Majority of the respondents believed that the social activities of the cooperative
had improved or changed their life. On the improvement of their social status, majority
mentioned that their relationship with others and neighbors had improved, they are now
attending cooperative activities and can now communicate with others.
Conclusions
From the result the following conclusion were drawn:
1. The cooperative conducted social activities such as trainings and seminars,
clean and green program for the community, general assembly, member’s forum and
Christmas program.
2. The members of the cooperative were proud to be a member of the cooperative,
but participation is not visible in the result.
3. The cooperative had improved the socio-economic status of the members such
as capital in business had increased thereby increasing their income, increased assets and
were able to send their children to school.
4. The social attitude and behavior had improved because of the social activities
of the cooperative.
Recommendations
The cooperative had improved the social and socio-economic status of the
members, however their participation is low. It is therefore recommended that the
cooperative should develop a strategy to motivate members to participate in cooperative
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
25
activities. Continuous education should be conducted especially on cooperativism and
cooperation. Values orientation should also be conducted to members and officers of the
cooperative.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
26
LITERATURE CITED
BOURDIVE, P. 2002. Forms of capital. Retrieved September 26, 2009 from http://en.
Wikipedia.orig/wiki/social-capital.
GULATI, P. 2001. Social capital. Retrieved September 5, 2009 from
http://www.infed.orig.biblio/social_capital.
HALPERN, D. 2005. Social capital. Retrieved August 26, 2009 from http://www.infed.
orig/biblio/social_capital.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ALLIANCE. 1938. Social Capital. Retrieved
August 9, 2009 from http://www.infed.orig/biblio/social_capital.
KAWACHI. 2001. Social Capital. Retrieved September 20, 2009 from http://www.infed.
orig/biblio/social_capital.
MEDSAN, A. 2002. Social capital. Retrieved September 26, 2009 from
http://en.wikipedia.orig/social_capital.
MILAGROSA, P. A. and A. SMAGEN. 2007. The Social Capital of Indigenous
Agricultural communities in Benguet, Northern, Philippines. P. 26.
PULSAN, R. 2003. Social Capital Retrieved August 22, 2009 from
http://www.infed.orig/biblio/social_capital.
TRAVANLER, S. and R. ANTON. 2001. Social Capital. Retrieved September 30, 2009
from http://www.infred.orig.biblio/social_capital.
WORLD BANK. 2001. Social Capital. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from http://.World
Bank.origbiblio/social capital.
WORLD BANK. 2008. Social Capital. Retrieved August 20, 2009 from
http://www.World Bank.orig.biblio/social capital.
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
27
APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire
(For the Members and Officers)
A. General Information
1. Name of respondents _____________________________Address________________
2. Is the respondents head of household? _________ Yes _________No
3. Sex: ____________Male _____________Female
4. Age of respondent: ____________________
5. Civil status: _______ single _______Married _______Widow
6. How long has the respondent been a member of this cooperative? _________________
7. Position in cooperative : __________ Officer __________ Member
8. Language spoken _______________________________________________________
9. Local dialects __________________________________________________________
B. Social Activities of the Cooperative
10. On average, how often do you participate in your cooperative activities in a year?
_____ Once _____ Twice _____ More than twice, specify ___________________
11. In your cooperative, is it generally expected/required that members will volunteer or
help in cooperative activities?
_____ Strongly disagree
______ Agree
_____ Disagree
______ Strongly agree
_____ Neutral
12. Are the members who do not volunteer or participate in cooperative’s are likely to be
fine? ______ Yes
______ No
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
28
13. Being a member of the cooperative, where will you put yourself?
_____ Totally powerless
_____ Somewhat powerless
_____ Somewhat
_____ Very powerless
_____ Neutral
14. Are you proud as a member of the cooperative?
_____ Yes, why? _________________________________________________________
_____ No, why? _________________________________________________________
15. As a member, are you willing to attend the social activities of the cooperative such as
generally assembly and trainings?
_____ Always willing to attend
_____ Sometimes if I have time
_____ Never attended
16. What are the social activities offered by the cooperative to members?
_____ General assembly
_____ Training services
_____ Cleaning program
_____ Others, specify ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
C. Impact of the Social Activities to Members
17. Kindly indicate how you rate your participation to the following social activities of
the cooperative. (Please use the rating scale indicated below)
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
29
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
BEFORE
AFTER
General assembly
Training services
Cleaning programs
Member’s forum
Seminars
Participation to cooperative projects
Others, specify____________________________
Legend 1 – ever attended
2 – sometimes if I have time
3 – always attended
18. Is there improvement or changes in your life when you joined in the cooperative as a
member?
_____ Yes, why? ________________________________________________________
_____ No, why? ________________________________________________________
19. Why do you there is an impact of the cooperative in your life?
____ Improved social status
____ developed my self confidence
____ is now attending cooperative activities regularly
____ can now communicate with others
____ can now get along with others
____ had improved my relationship with other members and neighbors
____ Others, please specify ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
____ Improved socio-economic status
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
30
_____ had increased my business capital
_____ had increased my assets
_____ was able to purchase appliances
_____ was able to bring my children to school
_____ Others, please specify __________________________________________
__________________________________________
20. How would you rate your household?
_____ Very poor
_____ Poor
_____ Neutral
_____ Rich
_____ Very rich
21. Being a member of the cooperative, where would you put yourself?
_____ Total powerless
_____ Somewhat powerless
_____ Neutral
_____ Somewhat powerful
_____ Very powerful
C. Groups/Networks and Participation
22. Please rate your participation on the following activities?
PARTICULAR
1
2
3
Participate in our cooperative’s decision making
Participate in our cooperative’s community and other
activities
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
31
Clean and Green community social program
Clan
Reunion
Canao
Legend: 1 – Never attended
2 - Sometimes if I have time
3 – Always attending
23. On average, how often do you participate in your cooperative’s activities in a year?
_____ Once _____ Twice _____ More than twice, specify ___________________
D. Demographic Profile
24. What is your occupation?
_____ Housewife
_____ Farmer
_____ Businessman
_____ Others, specify ___________________________________________________
25. What is your religious affiliation?
_____ Catholic
_____ Born Again
_____ Iglesia ni Cristo
_____ Anglican
_____ Others, specify ___________________________________________________
26. What is your ethno-linguistic group?
_____ Ilocano
_____ Kankanaey
_____ Ibaloi
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
32
_____ Kalanguya
_____ Others, specify ____________________________________________________
27. What language/s and dialects can you speak?
_____ English
_____ Tagalog
_____ Ibaloi
_____ Kalanguya
_____ Kankanaey
_____ Ilocano
_____ Others, specify ____________________________________________________
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!!!
Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose
Cooperative to Members / Olivia A. Teligo. 2010
Document Outline
- Socio-Economic Impact of Tawang Multi-Purpose Cooperative to Members
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDIX