BIBLIOGRAPHY BAUTISTA, ARLENE B. APRIL...

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BAUTISTA, ARLENE B. APRIL 2010. Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice
Landraces Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.

Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, M. Sc
ABSTRACT
Nine different landraces of non-glutinous rice were evaluated to identify the best
landrace/s with the highest yield and resistance to stem borer and neck rot and to
determine the profitability of growing the non-glutinous rice landraces under Bineng, La
Trinidad, Benguet condition.

The different landraces of rice that were evaluated were Balisanga, FK, Bayag,
Maltiha, Sapaw, Ba-ay, Makaneneng, Gulitan and Kayamsing.

The nine progenies were sown in a seedbed under the greenhouse and
transplanted in the field. Differences among the landraces were noted in the seedling
height and number of tillers produced. All of the landraces were observed to be normal
and vigorous at seedling stage.

Rice landraces Sapaw and Ba-ay had the highest number of filled grains, weight
of 1000 grains, total yield, computed yield, and realized a positive ROCE.

All of the rice landraces showed resistance to neckrot and blast but most were
infested by rats except for Ba-ay and Sapaw.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Bibliography.……………………………………………………………….
i

Abstract………………………………………………………………..........
i

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………
ii

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….
1

REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………
3

MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………..
6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………...
13

Meteorological Data……………………………………………….
13

Soil Chemical Properties…………………………………………..
13
.
Plant Vigor…………………………………………………………
15

Seedling Height……………………………………………………
15

Transplanting to Tillering…………………………………………..
16

Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting…………………..
17

Number of Days from Heading to Ripening……………………….
18

Number of Tillers…………………………………………………...
18

Number of Productive Tillers per Hill………………………….............
18

Panicle Exertion…………………………………………………………
20

Height at 165…………………………………………………………...
20

Stemborer Damage Evaluation…………………………………………...
21

Blast (neck rot) Damage Evaluation…………………………………….
21

Rat Damage Evaluation…………………………………………………
21
ii

Number of Filled and Unfilled Grains………………………………….
22
Weight of 1000 Filled Grains…………………………………………..
23

Yield per 5m2…………………………………………………………...
24

Yield per Hectare…………………………………………………........
24

Return on Cash Expense……………………………….......................
26

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary…………………………………………………………........
27

Conclusion……………………………………..……………..............
27

Recommendation………………………………..................................
28

LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………........
30

APPENDICES……………………………………...…………........................ 32

iii

1

INTRODUCTION

Rice has been considered as the staple food for Filipinos. This is supported by the
continuous growth of rice production in our country. The role of rice in our society has
been considered as being the gift of life (Zaffaralla, 2004).
Rice
(Oryza sativa L.), belonging to the Graminae family is cultivated in warm
and cool climate, and is a semi – aquatic plant. PhilRice (2001) stated that most of Asia’s
population is highly dependent on rice, it is the main part of their meals especially
Filipinos. Zaffaralla (2004) added that rice serves us so well in life and art and is a truly
life giving grain.

The Central Cordillera Agricultural Program (CECAP and PhilRice, 2000)
defines traditional rices as the varieties that have not undergone improvement in formal
breeding and research institutions. At present, traditional rice varieties are grown in the
higher elevation while the high yielding varieties are grown in the lower elevations. In
the highland areas, rice grows in 6 -7 months, has low tillering, awned grains and tall
stalk.
Traditional rice are mostly tall (160 -200cm ) with droopy leaves, photoperiodic,
low yielding, late maturing and less responsive to nitrogen fertilizer. These varieties have
been bred through time to gain dependable yields under low management levels. These
varieties are good sources of resistance and grain quality traits. These varieties also
endure adverse environments such as submerged regions and in areas with low soil
fertility (PhilRice, 2001).
At present, some municipalities of Benguet produce modern rice varieties which
replaced the traditional varieties. These modern varieties are continuously produced and
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
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currently adapted in our locality. However, traditional rice is still preferred by tribal folks
in the Cordillera Region as reflected by the continuous production of these varieties up to
the present time. These varieties are not only produced for food but it is an important part
of the culture of the Cordilleran.
In order to preserve these varieties, production of traditional rice must be done to
increase the yield and widen adaptation. The results of the study can be used to determine
the adaptability of rice landraces in La Trinidad and to restore the traditional rice varieties
as one of the grandeur of the Cordillera Region. Findings can also serve as reference for
future research.
The study was conducted to:
1. evaluate the nine rice landraces based on their growth and yield in Bineng, La
Trinidad Benguet condition;
2. identify the best traditional rice landraces with the highest yield and resistance
to stem borer and neck rot; and
3. determine the profitability of growing the non-glutinous rice landraces under
Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet condition.

The study was conducted at Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet from August 2009 to
March 2010.

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Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Varietal Evaluation

Varietal evaluation is the process in plant breeding that has comparison to
promising lines developed by breeders. It involves selection where plant breeder’s choose
the best performing variety among the developed lines in terms of yield, stress
adaptability and resistance to pest and diseases (Sunil, 1990). In addition, Kang (2002)
stated that the importance of conducting varietal evaluation of different crops is to
determine and select a desirable variety that performs well and thus be recommended to
farmers.

According to Hay and Porter (2006) plant breeders have sought to improve further
the yield, reliable and quality of crops by improving adaptability to different climatic
environments and to ensure that the life cycle of particular genotypes fit the constraints of
the local environment.

Reiley and Shry (1991) reported that the variety must be adapted to the area in
which it is grown. Different varieties which were grown under the same method of
culture have a great variation in the yielding ability. A variety that yields well in one
region is not a guarantee that it has the same performance in another region.
The variety to be selected should be high yielding, pest and diseases resistant, and
early maturing so that the production would entail less expense, and ensure more profit.
Selecting the right variety will minimize problems associated with water and fertilizer
management activities (Bautista and Mabesa, 1997).
In addition, Lorenz and Maynard (1988), stated that selection of the variety to
plant is one of the most important decisions the commercial vegetable grower must make
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each season. The variety should have the potential to produce crops at least equivalent to
those already grown. The most economical and effective means of pest is through the use
of varieties with genetic resistance to disease.
Furthermore, varietal evaluation is important in order to observe performance
characters such as yield, earliness vigor, maturity and quality because varieties has a wide
range of differences that affects the yield performance of the plant (Work and Carew,
1995).

Evaluation Trials

Roxas (1996) revealed that the evaluation for the yielding ability of the Ifugao
rice varieties, both Pinidua and Tinawon types showed high yield potential. Pinidua of
the Indica group were moderately susceptible to cold blast while the Tinawon of the
Japonica group are highly tolerant. On rice blast reaction, both ecotypes possed moderate
degrees of susceptibility, the Tinawon rice varieties, showed, moderate resistance to cold
blast and to lodging and has a shorter growth duration. For grain quality, Ifugao rices has
a brown caryopsis and high milling recovery.

CHARM (2002) reported that the PSB RC96 or Ibulao, the NSIC RC104 or Balili
and the PR27137 CR153 were preferred by the farmer cooperators to be adapted and
reproduced in Bakun Benguet.

Cultural Requirement and Management

Martin and Leonard (1970) stated that the best soil for rice is slightly acid to
neutral, but it is best grown on soils that have a pH range of 4.5 – 7.5.
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PhilRice (2001) emphasized that rice should be planted at two seedlings per hill at
a distance of 20 cm x 20 cm. Empty hills must be replanted not later than 3-5 days after
transplanting to avoid uneven maturity of the crop. Close space density results in mutual
shading, less tillers, smaller panicles, and lanky and weak seedlings.
IRRI (1993) mentioned that irrigation should be done at a depth of 2-3 cm for wet
and one cm for dapog method. At vegetative stage, water should increase from 1 to 10 cm
while during the reproductive stage, the depth of 5 to 10 cm is maintained. The most
critical water deficit is the period from 10 days before flowering, which caused high
percentage of sterility, thereby reducing grain yield.

PhilRice (2001) stated that it is best to harvest rice when 80% of the grains are
matured. This is indicated by a yellow panicle or straw. Delay of harvesting may lead to
grain shattering. While too early harvesting may produce immature, chalky grains that
break easily during milling.

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

Seedbed and Land Preparation

Nine seedbeds were prepared for the nine landraces of non-glutinous rice under
greenhouse condition. One variety was sown in one seedbed to avoid mixture of the
different non-glutinous rice varieties and necessary labels were placed in each seedbed
for easy identification. Before transplanting in the field an experimental area of 150 sq.m
was prepared for the nine landraces which were replicated three times. Each plot
measured 1m x 5 m.

Lay – out and Transplanting
After
land
preparation,
the experiment was laid out following the Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) and was replicated three times. The thirty-day old
seedlings were transplanted at once. One vigorous seedling per hill was transplanted at a
distance of 20 cm x 20 cm between hills and rows as shown in Figure 1 and 2.

Hand weeding was done 20 days after transplanting for the plot to be kept weed
free. Rats were observed during the conduct of the study. Thus, because of this, a net and
screen was placed in the rice field to control the pest and birds. No fertilizers were
applied to the rice plants.

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Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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Figure 1. Overview of the seeds sown under greenhouse condition

Figure 2. Overview of the experimental area at Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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The nine different non - glutinous rice varieties served as treatments:
Varieties
Place of collection
V1 Balisanga Palina,
Kibungan
V2 Sapaw
Sagpat, Kibungan
V3 Bayag
Balluay, Sablan
V4 Kayamsing
Sinacbat, Bakun
V5 Ba – ay
Poblacion,
Bakun
V6 Makaneneng Palina,
Kibungan
V7 FK
Banengbeng, Sablan
V8 Maltiha
Sabdang Sablan
V9 Gulitan
Bedbed, Mankayan

The data gathered were the following:
A. Meteorological data. Temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall and
sunshine duration during the study were taken from PAGASA station, La Trinidad,
Benguet
B. Soil chemical properties. Soil samples were taken from the experimental area
before and right after harvest to determine the pH organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous
and potassium content of the soil.
C. Agronomic characters
1. Plant vigor. This was taken before transplanting the seedlings using the
following scale:

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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Scale Description Remarks
1
Majority of the seedlings have 3 or more leaves with 2-3
Very Vigorous
tillers
2
Majority of the seedlings have 1 -5 leaves with 1-2 tillers
Vigorous
3
Most of the seedlings have 4 leaves without tillers Normal
4
Most of the seedlings have 3-4 leaves without tiller
Weak
5
Most of the seedlings turned yellow and thin
Very Weak
2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was taken when 50% of
the plants produced tillers as observed.
3. Number of days from transplanting to booting. This was taken when 50% of the
total plants in a plot booted as shown by the swelling of the upper flag leaf sheath.
4. Panicle exertion. This was observed as the extent to which the panicle is
exerted above the flag leaf sheath using the following scale:
Scale Remarks Description
1
Enclosed
Panicle is partly or entirely enclosed
within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade
2
Partly exerted
Panicle base is slightly beneath the collar f
the flag leaf blade
3
Just exerted
Panicle base coincides with the collar of
the flag leaf blade
4 Moderately
well
exerted
Panicle
base is above the collar of the flag
leaf blade
5
Well exerted
Panicle base appears well above the collar
of the flag leaf blade
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5. Number of tillers produced. The number of tillers was counted just before
booting using ten hills per treatment.
6. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers was
counted using ten hills per treatment selected randomly. Only the rice plants that
produced panicles was considered productive.
7. Number of days from heading to ripening. This was taken when at least 80% of
the panicles turned yellow.
8. Height at Maturity (cm). This was taken by measuring from the base of the
plant to the panicle tip at harvest using ten hill samples per plot selected randomly.
D. Pest and diseases
1. Reaction to stem borer. Field rating was based on actual number of panicles
affected using the three middle rows of the plots as sampling area. Ten sample hills were
selected at random where white heads was counted ten days before harvesting. The
following standard scale was used:
Scale
Description
Rating
1
1-5 white heads
Resistant
2
6-10 white heads
Moderate Resistant
3
11-15 white heads
Intermediate
4
16-25 white heads
Moderately Susceptible
5
26-above white heads
Susceptible

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2. Reaction to blast (neck rot). Evaluation of the severity of rice blast was taken
from the plant at the center rows. Ten sample hills were taken randomly. Computation of
percent infection was done using the formula (PhilRice, 1996):
No. of panicles infected
% infection= x 100
Total no. of panicles

Scale
Description
Rating

1
0-5% are affected by blast
Resistant

2
6-25% are affected by blast
Intermediate

3
26% and above are affected by blast
Susceptible

E. Yield and Yield Components
1. Number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. This was recorded by counting
the number of filled and unfilled grains at heading.
2. Yield per plot (kg). Grain yield per plot was taken after drying at 14 %
moisture content (MC) then weighed.
3. 1000-grain weight (g). Random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains,
dried to 13% moisture content were weighed on a sensitive balance.
4. Computed yield per hectare (kg.). This was taken by converting grain yield per
treatment into yield per hectare using ratio and proportion.

Yield per plot (kg)
Yield /ha= x 10,000 m2
Plot size

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F. Return on Cash Expense. This was taken using the following formula:

Net Income
ROCE = x 100

Total Cost of Production

Data Analysis
All quantitative data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The
significance of difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

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Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Meteorological Data

The monthly temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall, and light
throughout the conduct of the study are shown in Table 1. It was observed that 24.7oC
was the maximum temperature during the month of September, while the minimum
temperature observed in December was 10.9oC. The relative humidity increased in the
months of August to October then decreased during the month of November to January.
The monthly rainfall ranged from 1.0 to 72.2 mm. Highest rainfall amount was gathered
in October. The highest amount of sunlight was observed during the month of December
which is 425.8 min. and the lowest amount of sunshine duration was obtained from
November.
Vergara (1992) reported that the temperature favorable for cool and warm rice
production ranges from 16-25oC and 25-35oC, respectively. De Datta (1983) added that
low temperature causes low rice yield. Injury due to low temperature is a major constraint
to rice production in hilly areas in the tropics and subtropics. Rice production is affected
by not only soil fertility and water but also the temperature of the place of production
(Yoshida, 1981).

Soil Chemical Properties

Soil pH. The soil pH of the soil before and after transplanting was 6.15 which
favors the growth of rice since the pH range for rice is 4.5-7.5 (Martin and Leonard,
1970).
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Soil organic matter (%). Table 2 shows that the percent soil organic matter
before planting was 3.50 %. It was observed that the amount of organic matter in the soil
before planting and after harvesting is the same because of the presence of azolla. Alam
(2004) stated that azolla can be a potential source of green manure for tropical rice
production due to the N that it can contribute to the rice crop. Thus, instead of utilizing
the residual nutrients, the rice plants might have used the Nitrogen released by the azolla
plant.
Nitrogen (%). No change in the amount of nitrogen content of the soil was
observed. Although, nitrogen is crucial for several physiological and biochemical
reactions during vegetative and reproductive phase of the plant (Krisma, 2002), the lack
of change in soil Nitrogen implies that nitrogen from azolla is enough for the growing
rice.

Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and sunshine duration
MONTHS TEMPERATURE

RELATIVE RAINFALL SUNSHINE
Max. Min.
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
oC oC
(%)
(min)
July
23.6 16.5 90 20.3 180.5

August
23.3 16.3 89 30.2 180.5

September
24.7 17.6 91 18.2 125.0

October
23.2 15.4 90 72.2 238.62

November
23.5 13.8 84 T 39.76

December
22.7 10.9 81 1.0 425.8

January
23.3 12.5 86 T

Source: BSU, La Trinidad Benguet, PAGASA office

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Table 2. The initial and final analysis of the soil before planting and after harvest

pH
OM
N
P
K
(%)
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before planting
5.63
3.50
0.175
140
72
After harvest
6.15
3.50
0.175
73
92
Source: Department of Agriculture, Soils Laboratory, Pacdal, Baguio City

Phosphorus (ppm). Phosphorus content of the soil decreased after harvest from
140 to 73 ppm. The decreased P could be attributed to the none application of fertilizer
and the plant utilized the residual P in the soil.
Potassium (ppm). As shown in Table 3, there was an increase in the potassium
content of the soil at harvest. The initial and final potassium content of the soil was 72
and 92 ppm, respectively. This may be because K was not utilized by most of the plant
during the grain development as it was eaten by the rats.

Plant Vigor

The plant vigor is shown in Table 3. Result showed that the plant vigor at seedling
stage of the nine traditional non-glutinous rice were normal to vigorous, where majority
of the seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves and some have 1 to 2 tillers.

Seedling Height

Significant differences on the seedling height of the nine traditional landraces of
rice before transplanting is shown in Table 3. It was observed that Sapaw was
significantly taller (33.65 cm) as compared to the other rice landraces. The significant
differences among treatments could be attributed to their varietal characteristics or
adaptability to the environment
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Table 3. Plant vigor and seedling height of the nine traditional rice landraces

PLANT
SEEDLING
LANDRACE
VIGOR
HEIGHT
(cm)
Balisanga
normal 21.50c

FK
normal 20.85c

Bayag
normal 17.50de

Maltiha
vigorous 15.90e

Sapaw
vigorous 33.65a

Ba-ay
vigorous 29.30b

Makaneneng
normal 19.70cd

Gulitan
normal 27.70b

Kayamsing
normal 22.75c

CV%
5.96

Transplanting to Tillering

The number of days from transplanting to tillering is shown in Table 4 where no
significant differences among the landraces is observed. Kayamsing produced tillers
earlier than the rest of the landraces at 64 days after transplanting followed by FK and
Gulitan (68). The latest to produce tillers at 79 days was Maltiha.

The vegetative stage is characterized by active tillering, gradual increase in plant
height and leaf emergence at regular intervals. Active tillering refers to a stage when
tillering rate – the increase in tiller number per unit time- is high (Yoshida, 1981).

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Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to tillering, booting, and heading to ripening
of the nine rice landraces

LANDRACE
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM

TRANSPLANTNG
TRANSPLANTING HEADING TO
TO TILLERING
TO BOOTING
RIPENING
Balisanga
74 85
30

FK
68 78
30

Bayag
74 80
30

Maltiha
79 88
34

Sapaw
72 90
31

Ba-ay
79 86
34

Makaneneng
77 89
32

Gulitan
68 85
30

Kayamsing
64 83
30

Number of Days from
Transplanting to Booting

The number of days from transplanting to booting is shown in Table 4. It was
observed that among the landraces evaluated, FK booted earlier at 78 days as compared
to the other Landraces that booted two to twelve days later. Sapaw was the last to boot
with a mean of 90 days. This maybe attributed to their genetic make-up, varietal
characteristics and adaptability in Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet.

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Number of Days from
Heading to Ripening

Number of days from heading to ripening of the nine landraces is shown in Table
4. Observations showed that Balisanga, FK, Bayag, Gulitan, Kayamsing ripened earlier
at 30 days followed by Sapaw and Makaneneng at 31 and 32 days, respectively. Maltiha
and Ba-ay was the latest to ripen at 34 days from heading to ripening.
Number of Tillers

Results revealed significant differences on the number of tillers as shown in Table
5. Ba-ay significantly produced the highest number of tillers with a mean of 33 followed
by Maltiha (25) while the rest of the landraces produced 10 to 14 tillers.
Vergara (1992) mentioned that plants produced more tillers during the wet season
compared to the number of tillers produced at dry season. Rice plants also grow faster at
warm temperature than in cool temperature. Thus, the high number of tillers of Ba-ay
may be due to the wet season from August to October and to varietal characteristics.

Number of Productive
Tiller per Hill

The number of productive tillers per hill showed significant differences among
the landraces (Table 5). Most of the landraces have comparable number of productive
tillers with means ranging from 6 to 10. Rice landrace FK produced the least number of
productive tillers (3).

According to UPLB (1983), not all tillers produce heads, some tillers die while
others remain at the vegetative stage since there is competition among the tillers for
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

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nutrient and light. Thus, the production of tillers alone may not be a good gauge of the
yield potential of rice.

Table 5. Number of tillers and productive tillers produced by the nine rice landraces

NUMBER OF

LANDRACE
TILLERS PRODUCTIVE
PANICLE
TILLER
EXERTION
Balisanga
11c
8a 3

FK
11c
3b 5

Bayag
10c
6a 3

Maltiha
25b
8a 3

Sapaw
11c
8a 3

Ba-ay
33a 10a 5

Makaneneng
14c
9a 4

Gulitan
11c
8a 3

Kayamsing
10c
9a 3

CV%
12.84 21.70

Means followed by common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT
Rating scale for panicle exertion: 1-Enclosed, 2-Partly enclosed, 3-Just exerted, 4-
Moderately just exerted, 5- Well exerted

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Panicle Exertion
Table 5 also shows the panicle exertion of the nine rice landraces. Results showed
that FK and Ba-ay had a well exerted panicle (scale 5). This means that the panicle base
appears well above the colar of the flag leaf blade. On the other hand, Makaneneng was
the only landrace which was moderately well exerted wherein the panicle base is above
the collar of the flag leaf blade. Other landraces were just exerted (3) which means the
panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag leaf blade.
The well exerted panicle of FK and Ba-ay implies that those landraces have
longer panicles.

Height at 165 DAT

The height of rice the plants was measured from the base of the plant to the
panicle tip excluding the awn at harvest. Table 6 shows the height of the nine rice
landraces at maturity. Statistically, there were no significant differences noted among the
rice landraces, though numerically, Sapaw was the tallest among the other landraces
(119.48 cm). The shortest among the landraces evaluated was FK with a mean height of
88.39. These differences could be attributed to their varietal variability.

PhilRice (2001) stated that traditional rice are mostly tall with droopy leaves and
are late maturing.

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Table 6. Height at 165 DAT of the nine rice landraces

HEIGHT AT 165 DAT
LANDRACE
(cm)

Balisanga
105.18

FK
88.39

Bayag
93.60

Maltiha
98.99

Sapaw
119.47

Ba-ay
105.00

Makaneneng
106.68

Gulitan
97.81

Kayamsing
92.10

CV%
10.51

Stem Borer, Blast (neck rot) and Rat
Damage Evaluation

Evaluation of white heads was done accordingly based on the rate of infestation.
For the white heads and blast, all entries were found to be resistant. All the entries were
also resistant to stem borer damage as shown in Table 7.
Most of the landraces evaluated were infested by the rats because of their
aromatic characteristics. Sapaw and Ba-ay are the only landraces which were not infested
by rats. It was observed that as the rice matured, rats cut the tillers and eat portions of the
developing head. As the rice heads mature, rats feed on the individual grains.

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Table 7. Reaction to stemborer (whiteheads), blast (neck rot), and rat damage
LANDRACE STEMBORER BLAST
RAT
DAMAGE
Balisanga
Resistant Resistant Infested

FK
Resistant Resistant Infested

Bayag
Resistant Resistant Infested

Maltiha
Resistant Resistant Infested

Sapaw
Resistant Resistant Resistant

Ba-ay
Resistant Resistant Resistant

Makaneneng
Resistant Resistant Infested

Gulitan
Resistant Resistant Infested

Kayamsing
Resistant Resistant Infested

De Datta (1981) reported that rodents, particularly rats, cause serious damage to
the rice crop in all growth stages. They eat seeds (in-direct seeded rice) and seedlings,
they grow off tillers, damage plants, and seed rice grains at various stages, they also
destroy attached, stored, threshed and hulled rice.

Number of Filled Grains and Unfilled Grains

Statistically, results showed that no significant differences were observed on the
number of filled and unfilled grains. Among the different rice landraces evaluated, Sapaw
had the highest number of filled grains with a mean of 65 while Gulitan had the lowest
filled grains (5).

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

23

Table 8. Number of filled grains and unfilled grains per panicle of the nine rice landraces

NUMBER OF
LANDRACE
FILLED
UNFILLED
GRAINS
GRAINS
Balisanga
19.00 24.50

FK
21.00 33.00

Bayag
33.50 45.50

Maltiha
22.50 33.50

Sapaw
65.00 62.50

Ba-ay
45.00 39.50

Makaneneng
21.00 65.00

Gulitan
4.50 29.00

Kayamsing
12.00 13.00

CV%
49.15
55.17

On the number of unfilled grains per panicle, Makaneneng had the highest
number of unfilled grains per panicle with a mean of 65 followed by Sapaw (63) while
Kayamsing had the lowest number of unfilled grains per panicle with a mean of 16. This
is due to the damage of rats in most sample plants.

Weight of 1000
Filled Grains

Statistically, results showed no significant varietal differences on the weight of
1000 filled grains produced (Table 9). The weight of 1000 filled grains of the different
landraces ranged from 8.89 to 25.13 g. Sapaw obtained the heaviest weight with a mean
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

24

of 25.14g while the lowest weight was obtained from Gulitan with a mean of 8.89g. This
is due to the grain characteristics such as the size of grains and the damage caused by
rats.

Yield per 5m2

The yield per 5m2 is shown in Table 9. It was observed that among the nine
landraces evaluated, Ba-ay produced the highest total yield with a mean of 1,310 g
followed by Sapaw weighing 1,181 g. The lowest yield was obtained from Gulitan with a
mean of 251 g. This is attributed to the differences in the number of grains, weight of
1000 filled grains and rat damage.

Computed Yield per Hectare

The computed yield per hectare showed that Ba-ay had the highest yield per
hectare with a mean of 2,621 kg which was not significantly different but numerically
higher than Sapaw with a mean of 2,362 kg per hectare. Gulitan obtained the lowest yield
per hectare with a mean of 431 kg. Such differences follow the same pattern in the weight
of filled grains and yield per 5m2 except Sapaw and Ba-ay landraces.

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

25

Table 9. Weight of 1000 filled grains, yield per 5m2 and computed yield per hectare of
the nine rice landraces

WEIGHT OF 1000
YIELD
COMPUTED YIELD
LANDRACE
FILLED GRAINS
PER 5m2
PER HECTARE
(g)
(g)
(kg)
Balisanga
12.87 230 460

FK
12.53 486 970

Bayag
23.94
730
1460

Maltiha
11.47 453 910

Sapaw
25.13 1181 2362

Ba-ay
23.05 1310 2621

Makaneneng
21.98 539 1169

Gulitan
8.89 216 431

Kayamsing
11.05 346 691

CV%
41.6 9.10 9.16

Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)

The return on cash expense (ROCE) of the nine landraces is shown in Table 10.
Sapaw and Ba-ay had the highest ROCE compared to the other landraces evaluated,
which had negative ROCE. These results indicate that not all the rice landraces are
profitable to be produced under Barangay Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet condition.

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

26

Table 10. Cost and return analysis of the nine rice landraces

YIELD
GROSS
COST OF
NET
ROCE
LANDRACE
PER 5m2
INCOME PRODUCTION
INCOME
(%)

(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
Balisanga
230 16.10 56 -39.90
-71.25

FK
486 34.02 56 -21.98
-39.25

Bayag
730 51.10 56
-4.90 -8.75

Maltiha
453 31.71 56 -24.29
-43.38

Sapaw
1181 82.67
56
26.67 47.63

Ba-ay
1310 91.70
56
35.70 63.75

Makaneneng
539 41.09 56 -14.91
-26.63

Gulitan
216 15.05 56 -40.95
-73.13

Kayamsing
346 24.22 56 -31.78
-56.75

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

27

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The study was conducted from September 2009 to March 2010. Nine landraces of
rice were evaluated to identify the best rice landraces with the highest yield and
resistance to pests and to determine the profitability of growing the non-glutinous rice
landraces under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet condition.

The performance of the nine rice landraces during the seedling stage showed
normal and vigorous seedlings. Sapaw had significantly taller seedlings before
transplanting.

Among the landraces evaluated, Sapaw and Ba-ay produced the highest number
of filled grains and unfilled grains, heaviest weight of 1000 grains, and total yield per
hectare.

In terms of the vegetative data, Sapaw was the tallest during seedling and maturity
stages but was the latest to boot from transplanting.

Kayamsing was the earliest to produce tillers and produced the lowest number of
unfilled grains.

In terms of resistance to stem borer and blast, all of the rice landraces were
resistant while most of the landraces were damaged by rats except for Sapaw and Ba-ay.

Conclusion

Based on the results, Ba-ay and Sapaw are the best performing landraces and
considered to be adapted at Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet because both produced the
highest yield, positive ROCE and showed resistance to neckrot, blast and rat damage.
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

28

Recommendation
Based on the results and observations of the study, Ba-ay and Sapaw are the
landraces recommended for rice growers of Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet. Makaneneng
and Bayag yielded slightly lower than Ba-ay landrace but both maybe considered by
farmers as alternative landraces due to their neckrot and blast resistance.

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

29

LITERATURE CITED

ALAM, S.M. 2004. Azolla A Green Compost for Rice. Retrieve March 28, 2010 at
http://www.dawn.com/2004/02/16/ebr14.htm.

BAUTISTA O. K and R. G MABESA. 1997. Vegetable Production. Los Baños. UPLB.
P. 28.

CECAP, T. T and PHIL RICE. 2000. Highland Rice Production in the Philippines; Nueva
Ecija. Pp. 44, 50.

CORDILLERA HIGHLAND AGRICURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(CHARM). 2002. Producing Cold Tolerance Varieties in Bakun Benguet.
Municipality of Bakun Benguet. Retrieved August 29, 2009 at
http:www.nada.gov.ph/knowledgeemporium/DATA/Car/Producing%20Cold%To
lerant%20%Rice%20Varieties.pdf. P. 11.

DE DATTA, S.K. 1983. Principles and Practices of rice production. The International
Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baňos, Laguna. Pp. 28-30.

HAY R. and J. PORTER. 2006. The Physiology of Crop Yield. 2nd Ed. Black well
Publishing. P. 7.

IRRI. 1993. Tropical Climate and its influence on Rice. Los Baños, Laguna. P. 16.
KANG, M. S. (Ed). 2002. CROP IMPROVEMENT: Challenges in the twenty First
Century. An imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc. New York. London. 389 p.

KRISMA, K.R.2002. Soil Fertility and CropProduction. Science Publisher, Inc., U.S.A.
P. 73.

LORENZ O.A and D.N MAYNARD. 1988. Knott’s Handbook for Vegetable.3rd Edition.
John Wiley and Sons, New York. P. 30

MARTIN J. H AND W. H LEONARD. 1970. Principles of Field Crop Production. 2nd
Edition. New York: McMillan Co. P. 498

PHILRICE. 2001. Newsletters, Published By the Phil Rice Research Institute. April- June
2001. Pp. 1, 3, 15.

PHILRICE. 2001. Varieties and Seeds. Department of Agriculture Philippine Rice
Institute. 1 (2): 5. Pp. 5-7.

REILY, H. E and C. L. SHRY. 1991. Introductory Horticulture. 4th Ed. Delmar publisher
New York. Delmar publisher, Inc. P. 562.
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Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

30

ROXAS J. P .1996. Isozome Analysis, Morpho-agronomic Rice varieties of Ifugao.
Retrieved August 27, 2009 at
http.//dspace.irri.org/8080/dspace/bitstrem/123456789/1CD PDF1996. Roxas,
JP.pdf.

SUNIL, K. L. 1990. Varietal Evaluation of promising line coefficient analysis in pole
snap beans. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet. P.86.

UPLB. 1983. Rice Production Manual for NFAC-UPLB Country Side Action Program.
UPLB, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 6-14, 67.

VERGARA, B.S. 1992. A Farmers Primer on growing rice. IRRI; Los Baňos, Laguna,
Philippines. Pp. 3-15.

WORK and CAREW, J. 1995. Producing Vegetable Crops; The interstate printers and
Publisher, Inc. Pp 2, 238.

YOSHIDA, S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice crop science. IRRI. Los Baños Laguna,
Philippines. Pp. 30-32.

ZAFFARALLA, P. B. 2004. RICE IN SEVEN ARTS. Asia Rice Foundation Los Baños
Laguna, Philippines. 114 p.

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

31

APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Plant vigor

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
3 3 6 3

FK
3 3 6 3

Bayag
3 3 6 3

Maltiha
2 2 4 2

Sapaw
2 2 4 2

Ba-ay
2 2 4 2

Makaneneng
3 3 6 2

Gulitan
3 3 6 3

Kayamsing
3 3 6 3

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 4 4

Treatment 8 0 0 ns
3.44
6.05
Error 8
0
0

TOTAL 17
4

ns- not significant
CV (%) =0
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

32

Appendix Table 2. Seedling height

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
21.9 21.1 43 21.5

FK
21 20.7 41.7
20.85

Bayag
17.2 17.8 35 17.50

Maltiha
15.8 16 31.8
15.90

Sapaw
35.8 31.5 67.3 33.65

Ba-ay
29.2 29.4 58.6 29.30

Makaneneng
19.5 19.9 39.4 19.70

Gulitan
28.8 26.6 55.4 27.70

Kayamsing
21.4 24.1 45.5 22.75

TOTAL 228.7
225.3
454 227

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1
0.681 0.681

Treatment 8
546.614 68.327 35.74** 3.44
6.05
Error 8 15.294
1.912

TOTAL 17
562.589

**- highly significant
CV (%) = 5.96

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

33

Appendix Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to tillering

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
74 74 148 74

FK
68 68 136 68

Bayag
74 74 148 74

Maltiha
79 79 158 79

Sapaw
72 72 144 72

Ba-ay
79 79 158 79

Makaneneng
77 77 154 77

Gulitan
68 68 136 68

Kayamsing
64 64 128 64

TOTAL 655 655 1310 655

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 433.11
433.11

Treatment 8 0 ns
3.44
6.05
Error 8
0

TOTAL 17
433.1

ns- not significant
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

34

CV (%) = 0
Appendix Table 4. Number of tillers

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
10 12 22 11

FK
12 11 21 11

Bayag
16 13 19 10

Maltiha
25 24 49 25

Sapaw
12 9 21 11

Ba-ay
36 29 65 33

Makaneneng
14 14 28 14

Gulitan
10 11 21 11

Kayamsing
8310 9 19 10

TOTAL 153
145
278
143

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 6.722
6.722

Treatment 8
1008.111
126.014
32.75**
3.44
6.03
Error 8
30.78
3.847

TOTAL 17
1045.611

**- highly significant
CV% = 12.84
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

35

Appendix Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to booting

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
85 85 170 85

FK
78 78 156 78

Bayag
80 80 160 80

Maltiha
88 88 176 88

Sapaw
90 90 180 90

Ba-ay
86 86 172 86

Makaneneng
89 89 178 89

Gulitan
85 85 170 85

Kayamsing
83 83 166 83

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 257.78
257.78

Treatment 8 0 ns
3.44
0.65
Error 8
0

TOTAL 17
257.78

ns-not significanrt
CV (%) = 0

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

36

Appendix Table 6. Number of productive tiller per hill

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
5 10 15 8

FK
3 3 6 3

Bayag
7 5 12 7

Maltiha
8 8 16 8

Sapaw
8 8 16 8

Ba-ay
15 14 29 10

Makaneneng
7 11 18 9

Gulitan
8 6 14 8

Kayamsing
9 9 18 9

TOTAL 76 84
160

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 0.889
0.889

Treatment 8
149.000
18.625
6.18**
3.44
6,05
Error 8
42.111
3.014

TOTAL 17
174.000

**- highly significant
CV% = 21.70

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

37

Appendix Table 7. Number of days from heading to ripening

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
30 30 60 30

FK
30 30 60 30

Bayag
30 30 60 30

Maltiha
34 34 68 34

Sapaw
31 31 62 31

Ba-ay
34 34 68 34

Makaneneng
32 32 64 32

Gulitan
30 30 60 30

Kayamsing
30 30 60 30

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 47.11
47.11

Treatment 8 0 ns
3.44
6.05
Error 8
0

TOTAL 17
47.11

ns- not significant
CV (%) = 0

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

38

Appendix Table 8. Height at 165 DAT

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
109.37 101 210.37
105.18

FK
77.12 99.67 176.79 88.39

Bayag
99.71 87.6 187.31 93.65

Maltiha
99.14 98.67 197.98 98.65

Sapaw
117.28 121.67 238.95 119.47

Ba-ay
107 103 210 105

Makaneneng
108.8 104.57 213.37 106.68

Gulitan
115 80.62 195.62 97.81

Kayamsing
95.2 89 184.2
92.1

TOTAL 1036.05
990.97
2027.02

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1
101.057
101.057

Treatment 8
1426.195
178.274
1.59ns 3.44
6.05
Error 8
898.388
112.299

TOTAL

ns- Not significant
CV (%) = 10.51
Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

39

Appendix Table 9. White heads evaluation

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
1 1 2 1

FK
1 1 2 1

Bayag
1 1 2 1

Maltiha
1 1 2 1

Sapaw
1 1 2 1

Ba-ay
1 1 2 1

Makaneneng
1 1 2 1

Gulitan
1 1 2 1

Kayamsing
1 1 2 1

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 18 18

Treatment 8 0 ns
3.44
6.05
Error 8
0

TOTAL 17
18

ns- not significant
CV (%) = 0

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

40

Appendix Table 10. Neck rot evaluation

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
1 1 2 1

FK
1 1 2 1

Bayag
1 1 2 1

Maltiha
1 1 2 1

Sapaw
1 1 2 1

Ba-ay
1 1 2 1

Makaneneng
1 1 2 1

Gulitan
1 1 2 1

Kayamsing
1 1 2 1

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 18 18

Treatment 8 0 ns
3.44
6.05
Error 8
0

TOTAL 17
18

ns- not significant
CV (%) = 0

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

41

Appendix Table 11. Number of filled grains

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
0 38 38 19

FK
35 7 42 21

Bayag
26 41 67 34

Maltiha
45 0 45
22.5

Sapaw
50 80 130 65

Ba-ay
20 70 90 45

Makaneneng
30 12 42 21

Gulitan
0 9 9 4.5

Kayamsing
0 24 24 12

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1
312.500
312.500

Treatment 8
5395.444
674.431
1.31ns 3.44
6.05
Error 8
4117.000
514.625

TOTAL 17
9824.944

ns- not significant
CV (%) = 49. 15

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

42

Appendix Table 12. Number of unfilled grains

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
0 49 49
24.5

FK
26 40 66 33

Bayag
43 46 89 45

Maltiha
67 0 67
33.5

Sapaw
60 63 123 62

Ba-ay
42 37 79 40

Makaneneng
67 63 130 65

Gulitan
0 58 58 29

Kayamsing
0 26 26 13

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1
329.389
329.389

Treatment 8
4639.778
579.972
0.88ns 3.44
6.05
Error 8
5267.111
658.389

TOTAL 17
10236.278

ns- not significant
CV (%) = 55.17

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

43

Appendix Table 13. Weight of 1000 filled grains

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
0 25.75
25.75
12.88

FK
21.93 12.14 34.07 17.04

Bayag
26.49 21.39 47.88 23.94

Maltiha
22.94 0 22.94
11.47

Sapaw
26.1 24.17 50.27 25.14

Ba-ay
19.23 26.86 45.07 23.
05

Makaneneng
22.33 21.64 43.97 21.94

Gulitan
0 17.78
17.78
8.89

Kayamsing
0 22.10
22.10
11.05

TOTAL 139
171.83

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1 12.517
12.517

Treatment 8
497.973
62.247
0.37ns 3.44
6.05
Error 8
1340.142
167.518

TOTAL 17

Ns- not significant
CV% = 41.6

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

44

Appendix Table 14. Computed yield per plot

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
0 459 459 229

FK
519 453 972 486

Bayag
730 730 1460 730

Maltiha
906 0 906 453

Sapaw
1218 1144 2362 1181

Ba-ay
1329 1292 2621 1310

Makaneneng
633 536 1169 589

Gulitan
0 431 431 215

Kayamsing
0 691 691 345

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1
27300.05
27300.05

Treatment 8
2505581.1
31397.639
2.96ns 3.44
6.03
Error 8
846284.40
105785.56

TOTAL 17

ns – not significant
CV%=6.16

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

45

Appendix Table 15. Computed yield per hectare

LANDRACES REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN

I II

Balisanga
0 920 920 460

FK
1040 900 1940 970

Bayag
1460 1460 2920 1460

Maltiha
1820 0 1820 910

Sapaw
2436 2288 4724 2362

Ba-ay
2658 2584 5242 2621

Makaneneng
1266 1072 2338 1169

Gulitan
0 862 862 431

Kayamsing
0 1382
1382 691

TOTAL

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE

DEGREE
Tabular F
SOURCE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTE
OF
VARIATION
SQUARES SQUARES
D F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01
Replication 1
107030.22
107030.22

Treatment 8
10015759.1
1251969.9
2.94ns 3.44
6.05
Error 8
3404761.78
425595.22

TOTAL 17

ns- not significant

CV%=6.16

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces
Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition / Arlene B. Bautista. 2010

Document Outline

Evaluation of Nine Non-glutinous Rice Landraces Under Bineng, La Trinidad, Benguet Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES