BIBLIOGRAPHY BALANGEN, CRISLYN F. APRIL 2011....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BALANGEN, CRISLYN F. APRIL 2011. Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and
Compliance of Selected La Trinidad High School Students on Curfew Ordinance. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Filmore Y. Awas, MDc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the awareness and compliance of selected high
school students of La Trinidad, Benguet.
Specifically, it aims to determine the communication strategies of the Local Government
Unit (LGU) in implementing the curfew hours for minors; to determine the awareness of the
respondents on the ordinance, to determine the respondents compliance to the ordinance, to
determine the reasons to the adherence and non-adherence of the respondents to the ordinance, to
determine the respondents’ sources of information about the curfew for minors, to determine the
problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementors regarding the ordinance and,
to determine the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the improvement of the
strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
Interview schedule, guide questionnaire and interview were used to gather data. There
were 60 respondents and six key informants in the study. Tabulation, frequency and percentages
were used to analyze and interpret the data.
An ordinance prohibiting minors from loitering late at night within La Trinidad, Benguet
or otherwise known as the curfew for minors was amended and enacted in 2008. Results show
that most of the respondents were aware that 7PM-5AM is the curfew hours for minors while
majority of the respondents were not aware of the sanction or penalty imposed for violators of
the ordinance.
Strategies used in enforcing the ordinance include information drive, radio, newspapers,
posting, and the ronda system where most of the respondents agreed they had observed the ronda
system.
Though most complied with the ordinance, the compliance was not greatly influenced by
the strategies applied by the implementing group. Respondents’ top reason for their compliance
is parental guidance while influence of friends was the most reason for the respondents’ non-
compliance to the ordinance.
Weak communication strategies applied in the implementing of the ordinance and not
strict and inconsistent/irregular implementation of the ordinance and the ronda system were the
top problems of the respondents regarding the ordinance while the implementors faced problems
such as insufficient budget, lack of manpower, uncooperative parents/guardians, non-compliance
of business owners, lack of discipline of minors and non-existent support system of the
government.
It is therefore recommended that enforcing group should strengthen the implementation
of the ordinance through developing a communication strategy aside from the existing strategies
applied to constantly remind the community regarding the ordinance and the ordinance should be
further strictly implemented and there should be civilian empowerment.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
Importance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Scope and Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
Curfew for Minors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Implementing Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
6
Importance of Getting Level
of Awareness in Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Information Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Problems encountered in Accessing
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Problems
of
Implementors
in Program Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Improvement of Communication
Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Locale and Time of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Gathered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Socio-demographic
Profile
of the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Implementing Strategies According
to Key Informants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Awareness of the Respondents
on the Strategies Applied
by the Implementors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Awareness of the Respondents
on Content of the Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Compliance of the Respondents
with the Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Reasons of the Adherence of the
Respondents to the Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Reasons to the Non-adherence of the
Respondents to the Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Sources of Information of the Respondents
Regarding the Curfew Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Problems and Concerns Faced
by the Respondents Regarding the Curfew Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . .
26
Problems Faced by the Implementors
in Enforcing the Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Suggestions of the Respondents and Key
informants in Improving the Enforcement
of the Curfew Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . .
32
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
LITERATURE CITED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
A. Interview Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
B. Guide Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Implementing ordinances to the residents especially the youth which comprises the
majority of the population are deemed important not only to secure their safety and maintain
peace and order but as well as to strengthen their discipline.
These ordinances are laws set forth by a governmental authority; specifically a municipal
regulation.
It is in disseminating such policies or information where communication is needed to call
the attention of the people and for them to make immediate actions abiding to such policies.
Communication is the transmission of information, ideas, values, beliefs and attitudes from one
person to another. It is the basic social process which includes all the ways by which man shares
with his fellow men what are on his mind and heart (Maslog, 1998).
Information, on the other hand, is what is being communicated presented within a context
that gives meaning and which leads to increase in understanding (Anonymous, 2010). These are
acquired from different materials and other communication strategies.
As a first class municipality, La Trinidad implements ordinances to maintain peace and
order in the community. One of which is the curfew hours for minors which is under the La
Trinidad Municipal ordinance No. 2 series of 2008. The ordinance states that “curfew for minors
in the town is from 7PM to 5AM.”
Section 15 of the ordinance also states that “No person below eighteen years shall loiter
in the streets or public places between 7:00 PM to 5:00 AM except those returning to or going
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
2
out of their houses or schools for legitimate purpose or unless they are in company with their
parents.”
Violations of the curfew hour are still constantly observed within the municipality as
stated by the La Trinidad Police Women and Children’s Desk.
Police reports of 2008
published in Sunstar states that La Trinidad listed the highest crime rate in Benguet (SunStar
Baguio, 2008). Moreover, LT Police Women and Children’s Desk reported that crimes usually
committed by minors are related to physical injuries which are mostly committed during night
time.
Records show that most of the violators were high school students or were drop-outs.
With this, high school students were the respondents of the study.
Given the above situation, there is a need to study the awareness and compliance of La
Trinidad minors on the said ordinance. Since the different ordinances is already disseminated, an
awareness and compliance level regarding the ordinance is needed to determine the
effectiveness of the methods used in conveying the message to the community and to collect
suggestions on how to improve the strategies to strengthen the implementation of the ordinance.
Statement of the Problem
It is necessary to conduct this inquiry to find out the degree of awareness and compliance
of the residents of La Trinidad regarding the curfew for minors. Specifically, the study intended
to answer the following questions:
1. What are the communication strategies of the Local Government Unit (LGU)
in implementing the curfew hours?
2. How aware are the respondents on the ordinance?
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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3. Do the respondents comply with the ordinance?
4. What are the reasons to the respondents’ adherence and non-adherence to the
ordinance?
4. What are the respondents’ sources of information about the ordinance?
5. What are the problems and concerns faced by the respondents and the implementors
regarding the implementation of the ordinance?
6. What are the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the
improvement of the strategies applied in implementing the ordinance?
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to find out the respondents’ awareness and
compliance to curfew for minors. The specific objectives are:
1. to determine the communication strategies of the Local Government Unit
(LGU) in implementing the curfew hours;
2. to determine the awareness of the respondents on the ordinance;
3. to determine the respondents’ compliance to the ordinance;
4. to determine the reasons to the respondents’ adherence and non-adherence to the
ordinance;
5. to determine the respondents’ sources of information about the curfew for
minors;
6. to determine the problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementers
regarding the implementation of the ordinance; and
7. to determine the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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improvement of the strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
Importance of the Study
The results of the study may help the Local Government Officials of La Trinidad to
further improve the strategies they use in disseminating ordinances in the municipality
specifically on the curfew for minors. Thus, providing the community sufficient information to
keep peace and order within the locality and nearby places.
Moreover, the results will also serve as basis for the researchers or students who want to
do further researches on Curfew for Minors and other related topics.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study is only limited in determining the La Trinidad minors’ awareness and
compliance to the ordinance on curfew for minors. The respondents of the study are minors who
are high school students particularly the residents of Barangays Balili, Betag, Pico, and Puguis
and the implementors of the said ordinance in La Trinidad.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Curfew for Minors
Curfews have reemerged recently as a popular option for policymakers in their efforts to
deter juvenile victimization and delinquency. Imposed on and off since the turn of the century,
curfews tend to receive increased attention when there is a perceived need for more stringent
efforts at social control.
For example, curfew ordinances were originally enacted in the 1890's to decrease crime
among immigrant youth. During World War II, curfews were perceived as an effective control
for parents who were busy helping with the war effort. More recent interest in juvenile curfew
ordinances came as a response to growing juvenile crime during the 1970's (OJJDP, 2010).
The Sangguniang Bayan of La Trinidad on March 4, 2008 ammended section 15 of
Ordinance No. 1-2003 or the Curfew for Minors under the Children Welfare Code changing
mainly the time schedule and the penalties which then now referred to as the Ordinance No. 2-
2008. Section 15 of Ordinance No.2 of 2008 states that “No person below eighteen years old
shall loiter in the streets or public places between Seven O’clock in the evening (7:00 pm) to
Five O’clock in the morning (5:00 am), except those returning to or going out of their houses or
schools for legitimate purposes or unless they are in company with their parents and guardians.
Minors who shall be caught will be referred to the Municipal Social Welfare and
Development Office (MSWDO) for guidance and counseling, safekeeping for the night, and
disposition in accordance to the provisions of RA 9344.
The said ordinance is a revised edition of Ordinance no.1-2003, section 15 which states
that “No person below eighteen years shall loiter in the streets or public places between 10:30
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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PM to 3:00 AM except those returning to or going out of their houses or schools for legitimate
purpose or unless they are in company with their parents.” Ordinance no.1-2003 is entitled
“Providing a comprehensive children’s welfare support program of the municipality of La
Trinidad, Benguet and for other purposes.”
According to La Trinidad vice mayor Romeo Salda Sr., the ordinance was revised to
match with Baguio City who earlier revised the same ordinance in their locality.
Reports said the senior citizens federation asked municipalities in Benguet to strictly
impose the curfew for minors, in order to shun them away from committing or becoming victims
of crimes.
Implementing Strategies
Implementing Strategy
gives a broad view of implementation and a thorough
understanding of each piece of the implementation process so one can make more informed
decisions on efficiency and effectiveness (Executive Education, 2010).
The growing awareness of communication as a basic human rights has triggered demands
for greater access for existing media-communication is now seen as a two-way process and goes
beyond the right to receive information to include rights to initiate and to transmit as well as the
right not to communicate (Braid, 1983).
Importance of Getting Level of Awareness
in Social Studies
Awareness comprises a human’s perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or
event. Awareness does not necessarily imply understanding, just an ability to be conscious of;
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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feel or perceive. Awareness requires the ability to totally focus attention on a task or a certain
thing (Anonymous, 2008).
Awareness is the process by which an innovation on technology is brought to the
attention or consciousness of a community. All innovations and technologies new to a
community are perceived merely as information. As information, it merely consists of message
flows on innovations and technologies that are static in time and linear in nature with little
implication for future action. Although sorted, analyzed and displayed in a manner or
understandable in the community, information on innovations and technologies still needs to be
assessed, evaluated and defined in terms of patterns and implications within the context of the
communication to allow successful application (Genilo, 2004).
As noted in the study of Mercado (1986), full awareness by the government agency
personnel is necessary in all development aspects, particularly agriculture, mining and
manufacturing, city linkages, tourism, structural changes, housing, and infrastructure and
utilities.
Information Source
Information source is a system which produces messages by making successive
selections from a group of symbols (Anonymous, 2010). Information can come from virtually
anywhere- personal experiences, books, articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, television,
radio, and the type of information that the community needs that will change depending on the
question they are trying to answer (Anonymous, 2008).
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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Problems Encountered in Accessing Information
Braid enumerated some of the identified communication weaknesses of integrated
development projects in the Philippines as follows: wide information gap; lack of interaction
among settlements; very little interaction or linkage between urban clusters and rural areas;
inadequate involvement of beneficiaries of change in project planning; inadequate feedback
mechanisms; weak coordinating structure of agencies involved in the programme; lack of
involvement of community organizations; and lack of utilization of existing community
communication resources.
In the study of Ramos (2007), the findings states that 36.36% of her respondents
answered that they do not have problems in the communication process; however 36.36% also
said that the program lacks printed materials. Only 27.27% said that there is poor dissemination
of information because other farmers are too busy at their farms and do not have time to relate
with other farmers.
Study of Calisaan (2008) also revealed that inadequate materials to disseminate and
produce IEC materials was the major problem of the beneficiaries in terms of the use of IEC
materials, some of the farmer respondents also said that the materials are poorly prepared, and
few said that it lacks coordination to distribute the produced materials.
Problems of Implementors in Program Implementation
Ramos (2007) found out that the problems encountered by the implementors are the lack
of funds to finance the program, the lack of interest or time of the participants, poor cooperation
of the participant, and the lack of personnel to properly monitor the beneficiaries.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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Existing political, economic and social structures can hinder access and participation as
these are primarily hierarchical and centralized in nature. Many problems in implementation
were traceable to inadequacies in the planning process. For example, the lack of participation of
programme implementors in plan formulation led to unrealistic plans (Braid, 1983).
Another study by Aragon (2009) showed that enforcing group encountered problem such
as lack of discipline of the community and lack of cooperation among the community members.
Improvement of Communication Strategies
Braid (1983) said that the most important criterion of success in any strategy is its
effectiveness in developing human resource capabilities. He added that the test of a successful
communication strategy in most action programs is usually seen when a matching of demand and
supply of service is achieved.
Communication links people and institutions with the goals of development. Thus, it
must assist in “operationalizing” or concretizing” the abstract goals of development so that
programme implementors may be able to use them in the restructuring of training, research and
action strategies (Braid, 1983).
Braid and Mariano (1993) defines communication is primarily acts as catalyst in the
dialogue between policy makers and the people. In this role, it mobilizes people through the
transformation and values and thus, facilitates the acceptance of inventions.
A communication strategy must be directed at various levels- at opinion leaders or policy
planners, group members, and the people. In this regard, it should focus on mechanisms which
will encourage interaction among and between these various groups (Braid, 1983).
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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Communication strategies should not merely be directed to motivating or awakening
people’s consciousness, but also to changing the socio-economic structure in which they operate
(Braid, 1983).
A communication strategy should be judged by its ability to feel the pulse of the people,
to distinguish “needs” from “wants” and to effectively communicate these needs to policy
makers (Braid, 1983).
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in La Trinidad, the capital town of the province of Benguet
(Figure 1). The municipality of La Trinidad is composed of 16 barangays: Alapang, Alno,
Ambiong, Bahong, Balili, Beckel, Betag, Bineng, Cruz, Lubas, Pico, Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan,
Tawang, and Wangal. It is bounded on the North by the municipality of Tublay, on the south by
Baguio City, on the east by the Municipality of Itogon, and on the West by the Municipality of
Sablan and Tuba.
The area is chosen because Curfew for Minors is implemented by the local government
officials.
The study was conducted on January-February 2011.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the residents (minors/18 yrs old and below)
particularly high school students of Barangay Balili, Betag, Pico and Puguis where the most
population is recorded. Fifteen respondents were chosen from each of these four barangays.
The respondents were chosen through purposive quota sampling. The criteria in choosing
the respondents were as follows:
a) should be residents of La Trinidad for not less than three years; and
b) should have at least an idea about the curfew for minors
Moreover, the study had six key informants who are enforcing body as follows:
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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Figure 1. Map of Benguet showing the locale of the study
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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member of the Sangguniang Barangay specially the Barangay Tanods and other La Trinidad-
LGU members.
Data Collection
An interview schedule was used to gather information from the respondents. Personal
interview with key informants was conducted using a guide questionnaire. Interview was also
used to supplement other needed information regarding the said ordinance.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were the profiles of the respondents, strategies of the Local
Government Unit (LGU) in implementing the curfew hours; the awareness of the respondents on
the ordinance; the compliance of the respondents to the ordinance; the reasons of the
respondents’ compliance and non-compliance to the ordinance; the sources of information about
the ordinance; problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementors regarding the
ordinance; and the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the improvement of the
strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
Data Analysis
The collected data were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using frequency and
percentages.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 presents the socio-demographic profile of the respondents according to age and
sex.
Out of 60 respondents, majority of the respondents (57%) were 14-15 years old followed
by 16-18 years old (25%).
The data shows that there was no equal number of female from male respondents.
Majority (58%) of the respondents were male. In relation to violators males, according to the key
informants, have greater number than females.
Education could be a factor in understanding the ordinance, thus, educational attainment
of the respondents was considered in the study.
Table shows that all the respondents had formal education and that they can read and
write. This would mean that they can read and understand the ordinance well. All of the
respondents are of high school level. A key informant said that more high school students were
observed to be violators of the ordinance.
Meanwhile, all of the respondents were currently studying when this study was
conducted.
Implementing Strategies According
to Key Informants
Information drive. The Local Government Unit (LGU) has conducted information drives
during the first days of the implementation of the curfew for minors ordinance prior to its
amendment in 2008. Mr. Teofilo Langgato of the Legal Service Office of the
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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Table 1. Socio-demographic profile of the respondents
Respondents (n=60)
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Age
12-13
11
18
14-15
34
57
16-18
15
25
Total 60
100
Sex
Male
35
58
Female
25
42
Total 60
100
Educational Attainment
High School level
60
100
Total 60
100
municipal government said that mass information drive included attending barangay assemblies
whenever invited to announce or remind the community regarding ordinances such as the curfew
for minors. Another key informant said that they did information dissemination regarding the
ordinance through informing mainly the parents who attended the general assembly and the
parents of the violators. Thus, the parents’ participation was solicited.
Broadcast or Publication. The ordinance was announced or broadcasted in the radio
through Public Service Announcement (PSA) during the first days of its implementation prior to
its amendment, as stated by Langgato. These radio stations were Bombo Radyo and DZWT.
This corroborates with the study of Domeris as cited by Gatab (2009) that the use of IEC
materials especially the use of media combinations like radio and television is one of the
communication strategies in monitoring and implementing public safety.
Aside from broadcasting it through the radio, Langgato added that they have published it
in local newspapers like the Baguio Midland Courier and Sunstar Baguio, still in 2008.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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Yet, Langgato said that the ordinance was still published in newspapers when journalists
came to ask regarding it.
Findings appeared similar with the study of Domingo (2008) where results of her study
showed that approved ordinances were published in local newspapers or announced over local
radio stations. This is supported by the provisions of the Local Government Code which states
that the secretary to the Sanggunian should transmit official copies of such ordinances to the
chief executive officer of the official gazette.
Posting. Aleve A. Langbis, Balili barangay kagawad, said that they have tried posting the
ordinance on some areas including in their bulletin boards around their barangay to inform the
community.
Ronda system. The ronda system was the actual foot patrol of the barangay officials or
barangay tanods and police officers around the barangay to apprehend violators. The ronda
system included securing of computer shops and establishments serving liquors around the area
while at the same time informing the residents regarding the ordinances. Curfew for minors,
computer shops and liquor establishments were successive, thus, the ronda system was not only
for the latter but extended to the other two ordinances.
According to the key informants, most of the minors were caught at the computer shops
and establishments serving alcoholic beverages, and in dark areas. Thus, most of them
concentrated on these areas.
As for the ronda system, it was noted in the study that the barangays where the
respondents were taken, barangay tanods and officials conducted ronda in different schedules
and in different time. Mr. Langbis said that they conducted ronda randomly at their place by at
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
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least three times a week emphasizing mainly during Fridays and Saturdays where most violators
were observed loitering.
Moreover, Kagawad Melecio Basinga, chairman for Peace and Order of Barangay Pico
and a key informant, said that all the tanods of their barangay about 32 of them, gathered every
Saturday night to secure the Trading Post Area where most minors and drunkards were seen
loitering. But all throughout the week, they conducted ronda at their own sitios together with the
Civilian Volunteers.
On the other hand, a protocol set by the LGU was the basis of the Barangay officials,
Police Officers and MSWDO in implementing the ordinance. Mr. Langgato showed the process
of this protocol as supported by other key informants.
Minors who shall be caught by Barangay Tanods after 7PM should either be sent home or
referred to the police officers. The police officers will either send the children home or refer
them to the MSWDO for guidance and counseling. The MSWDO then will send the children
home after the guidance and counseling with the parents.
However, this procedure was modified by some of the barangay officials where they
apply case-to-case basis. Barangay Kagawad and Chairman for Peace and Order of Barangay
Puguis Tyrone T. Diaz said that during foot patrols, they exempted residents who loitered later
than 7PM as long as they were not doing anything wrong. Most of those who were caught were
those drunk and those who were committing crimes. They referred these violators to the police
officers and to MSWDO for proper intervention or sanction. Those who were just seen loitering
late were assisted home after being informed and asked regarding the curfew ordinance.
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Most of the key informants said they do the same thing. Barangay officials or tanods
talked to the parents for advises for those who were immediately sent home. Since some parents
were not aware of the said ordinance, they were likewise informed of the ordinance.
The results support what the respondents observed on how the ordinance was being
implemented in the municipality.
In addition, Langgato said that they have assigned a task force to monitor the
implementation of all ordinances passed by the Sangguniang Bayan including the curfew for
minors ordinance. The task force was composed of the representatives from the following
offices: Mayors’, Legal Services, Licensing, Treasuring, Social Welfare, Health, Police and the
Barangay.
During the implementation of the study, the said task force was suspended as new set of
officials took office in July 2010. However, Mr. Langgato said that the ordinance was still being
implemented with minimal monitoring. Likewise, the siren which resonated three times a day,
the second of which calls for the curfew for minors by 7 PM, was suspended.
Awareness of the Respondents on the Strategies
Applied by the Implementors
Table 2 shows the strategies applied by the enforcing groups in implementing the
ordinance in the community based on the observation of the respondents. Most (54%) of the
respondents claimed that the Ronda System was the number one strategy applied by the
enforcing group. Ronda system was the actual foot patrol applied by barangay officials including
tanods and police officers in apprehending violators. Both posting in bulletin boards and airing
through radio came in second with 13%.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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Only few (7%) of the respondents said that they attended information drives conducted
by the LGU in their respective barangays. According to these respondents, they have attended
the information drive during the first few days of its implementation during the administration of
former mayor Artemio Galwan. This supports what the key informant mentioned regarding the
conduct of information drives upon the amendment of the said ordinance.
Meanwhile, 35% of the respondents admitted that they have not observed any
implementing strategies applied by the LGU in their respective barangays. One of them reasoned
out that she just stayed home most of the time when classes were over, thus, she did not witness
any of it. It is also noted in the study that most of the respondents who did not observe the
implementing strategies were not aware of the content of the ordinance. Those who were aware
of the content of the ordinance in this particular case were either informed through interpersonal
communication between their friends, family, relatives and teachers, as observed from the data
gathered.
Table 2. Awareness of the respondents on the strategies applied by the implementors
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(%)
Ronda System
32
54
Posting in Bulletin Boards
8
13
Announcing the ordinance over the radio
8
13
Conducting Information Drives
4
7
No Observation
21
35
*Multiple Response
Awareness of the Respondents
to the Content of the Ordinance
Generally, all respondents were aware that an ordinance on curfew for minors exists in
their municipality. However, their awareness on the content varied.
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Table 3 shows the awareness of the respondents to the curfew for minors ordinance
content of La Trinidad, Benguet. It shows that most of the respondents (55%) were aware of the
said ordinance while 45% of the respondents were not aware.
For the penalty for violating, only 22% of the respondents were aware of the penalty
enforced by the Local Government Unit (LGU) to minors caught after 7 PM. According to the
ordinance, minors who shall be caught will be referred to the Municipal
Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) for guidance and counseling, safekeeping
for the night, and disposition to the provisions of RA 9344.
Meanwhile, majority (78%) of the respondents were not aware of the penalty on violating
the said ordinance.
The awareness of the respondents on the content was taken by asking them specific
questions regarding the ordinance. The respondents were asked if they know the exact time of
the curfew. If answered correctly, they were considered aware of the curfew time. This is same
true with the awareness of the respondents on the penalty.
Table 3. Awareness of the respondents on the content of the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
ORDINANCE
AWARE NOT
AWARE
CONTENT
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE
(%)
(%)
7PM to 5AM
33
55
27
45
Penalty
13
22
47
78
Compliance of the Respondents with the Ordinance
Table 4 shows the compliance of the respondents on the ordinance on curfew for minors.
The data shows that most (60%) of the respondents complied with the ordinance.
According to the respondents, especially those who were students, they were strictly asked by
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their parents to go home early. Some of the respondents even revealed that they have their own
curfew hours at home set by their parents as early as 6PM. This would also mean that the parents
were concerned of their safety and security.
Meanwhile, 40% of the respondents admitted of not complying with the ordinance. Based
on several interviews with the respondents, a lot of them went home late because they stayed late
playing at the computer shops. Also, most of those who did not complied were not aware of the
ordinance content in terms of the curfew time.
The data shows that the results of the percentages of the respondents were not far from
each other. This would mean that a lot of minors still did not comply with the ordinance. Some
of the respondents admitted that they go home late because they just wanted to stay out from
home. Others said they hang-out (tambay) with their friends. This is supported by the factor
contributing to their non-compliance with the ordinance which is the peer influence.
Table 4. Compliance of the respondents with the ordinance
ORDINANCE
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
CONTENT
COMPLY DID
NOT
COMPLY
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Curfew Hours:
7 PM-5AM
36
60
24
40
Reasons of the Adherence of the Respondents
to the Ordinance
Table 5 shows the reasons for the compliance or adherence of the respondents to the
curfew for minors ordinance.
Out of the 36 respondents complying with the ordinance, results show that all of the
respondents claimed it was their parental guidance that affected their adherence to the ordinance.
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As stated earlier, some of the respondents had to go home early to beat their curfew time at home
set by their parents or guardians. Also, some of them had to attend to their household chores.
Eighty six percent of the respondents said they were influenced by their friends or peers.
A respondent said that she went home early like her friends as they all know the danger of going
home late.
The data also showed that 80% of the respondents wanted to maintain peace and order in
their community. One of the respondents said that she was afraid to go home late because she
might get into trouble considering that their place was quite dangerous. Some respondents also
said that peace and order could be attained by going home early to avoid unwanted fights such as
gang wars.
A key informant supported this saying that curfew for minors was intensified before due
to the increasing numbers of gang wars such as the controversial case of the Blood vs. Crips.
In a study posted online through wordpress, Bloods and Crips were just two gangs among
the 27 listed gangs in Baguio as of July 30, 2007. As of October 2010, an article from SunStar
Baguio states that Blood and Crips were still among the notorious gangs closely watched by the
police force in Baguio City.
Table 5. Reasons contributing to the adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=36)
REASONS
No. %
Parental guidance
36
100
Influence of peers/friends
31
86
For peace and Order
29
80
To respect the dignity of my barangay
27
75
Everybody is adhering to it so I will do it, too.
25
69
Forced by Implementing Group
8
22
*Multiple responses
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Furthermore, only 22% of the respondents said that they complied with the ordinance
because they were forced by the implementing group. Other reasons of the respondents included
respecting the dignity of their barangay and complying as influenced by others who are
complying with it.
Reasons to the Non-adherence of the Respondents
to the Ordinance
Table 6 presents the reasons to the non-adherence of the respondents on the ordinance.
Out of the 24 who did not complied with the ordinance, most (67%) of the respondents
admitted that they were influenced by their friends or peers. A lot of them said they stayed late
either playing at the computer shops or hanging-out with their friends.
Forty two percent of the respondents, on the other hand, did not comply with the
ordinance due to lack of parental guidance. Some of them said that they were not strictly guarded
by their parents or guardians and they could go home whatever time they
Table 6. Reasons contributing to the non-adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=24)
REASONS
No. %
Influence of peers/friends
16
67
Lack of parental guidance
10
42
Lack of enforcement from the implementing group
7
29
*Multiple responses
wanted.
These statements were supported by the key informants affirming that probable reasons
why minors violate such laws was because of the bad influence of friends and the lack of
parental guidance, among others.
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Meanwhile, 29% of the respondents said that there was lack of enforcement from the
implementing group. One of the respondents said that even if he stayed late, he was never caught
by the enforcing group.
Sources of Information of the Respondents
Regarding the Curfew Ordinance
Table 7 presents the various sources of information of the respondents regarding the
ordinance on the Curfew for Minors in La Trinidad.
Results show that 45% of the respondents were informed on the said ordinance through
their family members. Thirty five percent of the respondents, on the other hand, were informed
through their friends while 17% of the respondents were informed through their relatives and
enforcing group composed of the Barangay tanods, Sangguniang Bayan, and police officers. This
indicates that the ordinance was discussed or talked
Table 7. Sources of information of the respondents regarding the curfew ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Family Members
27
45
Friends 21
35
Relatives 10
17
Enforcing Group
10
17
Newspaper 10
17
Radio 9
15
Posted in Bulletin Boards
8
13
Teachers 2
3
Owner of Computer Shop
1
2
*Multiple Responses
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about in their homes and within their discussions with their friends and relatives.
This was affirmed in the study of Gatab (2008) where results showed that all
respondents’ sources of information on formulated ordinances were acquired information from
relatives and friends.
The data also show that the newspaper (17%) served as one of the sources of information.
One respondent claimed that she read it from a local newspaper which she could no longer recall.
Other respondents added that the siren (5%) served as a reminder of the curfew.
Respondents’ other sources of information were the radio, bulletin boards, teachers and
owner of computer shop. However, a computer shop owner at Kilometer 5, Pico admitted that he
did not really strictly prohibit minors from playing at his shop after 7PM. He added that it is up
to the minor to decide to go home.
Problems and Concerns Faced by the Respondents
Regarding the Curfew Ordinance
According to the data gathered from the respondents through several interviews, the
problems and concerns faced by the respondents regarding the curfew for minors ordinance
included the weak communication strategies applied in implementing the ordinance, not strict
and inconsistent/irregular implementation of the ordinance and the ronda system, and too early
curfew hour for minors. The respondents’ answers were multiple and thus may create a big deal
in their compliance to the ordinance.
Based on the result drawn on the awareness of the respondents regarding the ordinance
content, almost half of the respondents (45%) were not aware that loitering by 7PM was not
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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allowed to minors. One of the respondents said that he was not aware about the ordinance and
that he was never informed about it.
Most of the respondents said that there were very few sources of information regarding
the ordinance. Others said that though, the Barangay officials conducted actual foot patrols at
their place, it was not consistent or regular, and thus, minors were still seen loitering at night.
This could be attributed to the irregular implementation of the ordinance as stated by the key
informants.
The researcher together with the volunteers also tried to search for any Information-
Educational Communication Material (IEC) specifically posters or notices regarding the curfew
for minors ordinance in the barangays where the study was conducted. However, there was not
one seen during the observation.
Kagawad Langbis of Balili said that they have once posted the copy of the ordinance in
some areas of the barangay but some have been removed while some have already faded. He
admitted that they have not replaced it.
According to United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA, 2011), IEC
combines strategies, approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups,
organisations and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting and sustaining their
own health. Embodied in IEC is the process of learning that empowers people to make decisions,
modify behaviours and change social conditions. As such, the situation observed in the different
barangays may imply that weak use of communication strategies like the use of IEC materials
may lead to poor compliance or participation of the people (UNFPA, 2011). IEC materials
include the poster. Thus, the use of IEC could be a great help in enforcing the ordinance further
especially in calling the attention of the people.
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Problems Faced by the Implementors
in Enforcing the Ordinance
In implementing the curfew for minors ordinance, the enforcing group encountered
problems such as insufficient budget, lack of manpower, uncooperative parents/guardians, non-
compliance of business owners, lack of discipline of minors and the non-existent support system
of the government.
According to the key informants Kagawad Melecio Basinga and Lupon Artemio Banga-
an, insufficient budget derived from the government lead to the weak implementation of the
ordinance since there is not enough fund to pay the barangay tanods who enforced the ordinance.
Moreover, Barangay Secretary Moises Depalog of Betag complained about the
inadequate gadgets and equipments. These statements were supported by other key informants
saying there were no available transportation services to be used in patrolling especially in
sending the minors home.
These statements were supported by previous studies where in the study of Ramos (2007)
showed that lack of funds to finance program, poor cooperation of participants and lack of
personnel to properly monitor the beneficiaries were the problems in communicating the
ordinance.
On the other hand, study of Domingo (2008) stated that the lack of funds for continuous
publication using media, lack of oversight committee to come up with strategies and effective
means of disseminating ordinances, loss of copies posted and non-receipt of copies by concerned
parties were also problems in the dissemination of ordinances in the community.
As stated earlier, minors were usually caught at computer shops and establishments
serving liquors. Kagawad Tyrone T. Diaz of Puguis claimed that non-compliance of these
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establishments’ owners was another problem in the enforcement of the ordinance. Business
owners who let minors get drunk and play late at their shops would not discipline the minors.
Kagawad Diaz as supported by the rest of the key informants also stated that parents or guardians
who were not cooperative was a huge factor in disciplining the minors.
Moreover, the lack of discipline of minors emerged as one of the biggest problems in the
implementation of the ordinance as claimed by the key informants. Key informants added that
the same persons were caught violating the ordinance. Since minors could not be penalized by
neither cash nor imprisonment as provided by RA 9344, minors were confident and unafraid to
violate the law over and over again. Thus, the weak support of the law in giving heavier
punishments to minors to discipline them well was also a problem as stated by Kagawad Diaz.
Republic Act 9344 or otherwise known as the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006
provides that all minors aged 15 and below are exempt from criminal liability and minors aged
16 to 18 were declared exempt if they acted without discernment and modified the penalty if they
did act with discernment.
Sixth District Rep. Mercedes Alvarez, a member of the House Committee on Revision of
Laws, supports what the key informants said as she mentioned that this law sadly contributes to
the rise in crime because there have been many reports that organized crime syndicates allegedly
used minors, aged below 15, so they can get away with the crime. She also said that the present
law is also to blame for the continued criminality since young offenders, after being released,
keep on repeating the crime as they will not be arrested anyway ( Dangcalan, 2011).
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Suggestions of the Respondents and Key
Informants in Improving the Enforcement
of the Curfew Ordinance
Table 8 shows the suggestions of the respondents to improve the enforcement of the
curfew for minors ordinance.
Thirty three percent of the respondents suggested the strict implementation of the
ordinance on the curfew for minors. Alex Wacay, a respondent said that ronda or foot patrol
should be actively implemented in all barangays in uniform schedule to totally ban minors from
wandering around. This may solve what the key informants complained about minors at their
barangays who were caught loitering at other barangays after discovering that foot patrols was
scheduled in certain days at their barangays.
Table 8. Suggestions of the respondents in improving the enforcement of the curfew ordinance
SUGGESTIONS
NUMBER PERCENTAGE
n=60 (%)
Strict implementation of the curfew for minors’
20 33
ordinance
More posters and other IEC materials
13
22
Conduct information drives like seminars, house-to-
7 12
house and student orientation per school
More radio advertisements/ reminders
7 12
Return the siren or wang-wang
5
8
*Multiple Responses
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Twelve percent of the respondents agreed that there should be more posters and other
IEC materials regarding the curfew for minors’ ordinance to inform and remind minors as well
as parents or guardians.
Moreover, 7% of the respondents suggested that there should be more information drives
conducted in the community such as seminars, house-to-house visit and orientation of students in
every school.
Another 7% of the respondents suggested that there should be more radio advertisements
and reminders. One of the respondent suggested that a reminder should be aired daily in the radio
to remind the community regarding the ordinance.
On the other hand, 5% of the respondents agreed that the siren and car patrol should be
returned to further remind minors and business establishments on the curfew hours. This
indicates that communication strategies of the implementing group were weakened due to the
suspension of the siren as a reminder for the ordinance.
Meanwhile, the key informants suggested additional personnel like police force, follow-
up check-up to minor offenders, 24-hour open government office like the MSWDO to handle
and counsel violators, wide partnership with parents, and imposing community service as
penalty. These may be related to the problems they faced in enforcing the ordinance.
On the part of the LGU, Mr. Langgato enumerated their plans in strengthening the
implementation of the ordinance on the curfew for minors. He said that hopefully, if the request
on the revival of the task force be approved, they will hold information drives on selected
ordinances like the curfew for minors. These information drives may include conducting student
orientations in every school, lectures and barangay assemblies. Mr.
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Langgato also added that they might return the operation of siren and that they would probably
air the notice regarding the curfew ordinance on the radio.
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The awareness and compliance of the minors on the curfew for minors ordinance of La
Trinidad, Benguet was conducted to determine the communication strategies of the Local
Government Unit (LGU) in implementing the curfew hours for minors; to determine the
awareness of the respondents on the ordinance, to determine the respondents compliance to the
ordinance, to determine the reasons to the adherence and non-adherence of the respondents to the
ordinance, to determine the respondents’ sources of information about the curfew for minors, to
determine the problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementors regarding the
ordinance and, to determine the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the
improvement of the strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
The study was conducted from January to February 2011.
Interview schedule, guide questionnaire and interview were used to gather data. There
were 60 respondents, eleven minors aged 12-13, thirty four aged 14-15 and fifteen aged 16-18,
and six key informants.
Majority (58%) were male, all of the respondents were high school students.
The six key informants who belong to the enforcing group enumerated the strategies they
used in enforcing the ordinance such as information drive, radio, newspapers, posting copies of
ordinances, and the ronda system or foot patrol.
As for the strategies observed by the respondents, most (54%) of the respondents agreed
they had witnessed the ronda system while some (35%) observed nothing.
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Most (55%) of the respondents were aware that 7PM-5AM is the curfew hours for minors
while majority (78%) of the respondents were not aware of the sanction or penalty imposed for
violators of the ordinance.
Majority (60%) of the respondents complied with the ordinance while 40% of the
respondents did not comply with the ordinance.
As for the reasons to the respondents’ adherence to the ordinance, all of the 36
respondents who complied with the ordinance reasoned parental guidance. Influence of friends/
peers (67%) was the top factor for the respondents’ non-adherence to the ordinance.
The respondents shared their problems and concerns regarding the ordinance such as
weak communication strategies applied in the implementing of the ordinance, not strict and
inconsistent/irregular implementation of the ordinance and the ronda system, and too early
curfew hour for minors.
As for the problems faced by the implementors in enforcing the ordinance, the enforcing
group encountered problems such as insufficient budget, lack of manpower, uncooperative
parents/guardians, non-compliance of business owners, lack of discipline of minors, non-existent
support system of the government.
Meanwhile, most (33%) of the respondents suggested that there should be strict
implementation of the curfew for minors ordinance and 22% of the respondents suggested that
there should be more I-E-C materials like leaflets and posters. For the key informants, they
suggested additional personnel like police force, follow-up check-up to minor offenders, 24-hour
open government office to process violators, wide partnership to parents, and imposing
community service as penalty.
Conclusions
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Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. The communication strategies applied by the Local Government Unit in implementing
the curfew ordinance were information drive, broadcast or publication, posting and the ronda
system.
2. There is not enough awareness of the respondents to the ordinance content based on
the gathered data.
3. Though most complied with the ordinance, the compliance is not greatly influenced by
the strategies applied by the implementing group.
4. The respondents’ top sources of information regarding the ordinance were their family
members and friends.
5. There is poor communication strategies applied by the implementing group in
enforcing the ordinance in terms of reminding the respondents regarding the ordinance.
6. Lack of discipline and uncooperative parents and establishments were the main
problems of the implementors.
7. The suggestions of the respondents in improving the enforcement of the curfew
ordinance include strict implementation of the ordinance, and more communication strategies.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were formulated:
1. Enforcing group should strengthen the implementation of the ordinance through
developing a communication strategy aside from the existing strategies applied to constantly
remind the community regarding the ordinance.
2. The enforcing group should be stricter in implementing the ordinance such as
conducting daily ronda or foot patrol in all barangays of La Trinidad with a uniform schedule.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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3. Civilian empowerment should be implemented in the area. Parents or guardians and
business establishments should help in disciplining the minors.
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September 15, 2010. http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2007/10/11/ news/lt.
councilors.bat.for.earlier.curfew.for.minors.html.
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA), 2011. The Essentials of IEC. Retrieved
February 20, 2011. http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/manual/a1.html.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
38
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Interview Schedule
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance
of selected La Trinidad high school students on Curfew Ordinance
I. Socio-demographic profile
Name
(optional)______________________________
Age_____ Sex: _______Male ________female
Educational attainment:
_____Elementary
_____High
School
_____College
Occupation:____________________
II. Awareness on the Content of the Ordinance
ORDINANCE CONTENT
AWARE
NOT AWARE
Loitering around 7PM to 5AM for minors is not
allowed
Minors who shall be caught will be referred t the
Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
(MSWDO) for guidance and counseling,
safekeeping for the night, and disposition in
accordance to the provisions of RA 9344.
III. Source of Information
1. What are your sources for information?
_____ posted in bulletin boards
_____ through the newspaper
_____ through the radio
_____ friends
_____ family members
_____ relatives
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
39
_____ enforcing group (members of Barangay tanods, Sangguniang Bayan, Police
Officers)
_____others. Pls specify:___________________________
Based on your observations, what strategies do the SB apply in the implementation of the said
ordinance?
___________Ronda
System
___________ Posting in bulletin boards
___________ airing through the radio
___________ airing through the television
___________others.
Pls
specify._______________________________________
III. Compliance to the Ordinance
Do you adhere to the said ordinance?
_______YES
_______NO
IV. Reasons to the adherence and non-adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
1. What are the reasons to your adherence to the ordinance?
REASONS
a) Influence of peers/friends
b) Parental guidance
c) Forced by the implementing group
a) To respect the dignity of my place
b) Everybody is adhering to it so I will do it, too
a) For peace and order
Others please specify:
2. What are the reasons to your non-adherence to the ordinance?
REASONS
a. Influence of peers/friends
b. Lack of parental guidance
c. Lack of enforcement from the implementing group
Others please specify:
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
40
V. Suggestions
What are your suggestions to improve the access of information about Curfew for Minors or the
implementation of the ordinance?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX B
Guide Questionnaire
For the Key Informants
I.
Implementing Strategies
1. What strategies do you apply in implementing the said ordinance?
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. What process/es do you follow in implementing the ordinance?
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
II.
Problems in implementing the ordinance
1. What do you think are the reasons for violating this ordinance?
2. What are the problems you encounter in implementing the ordinance?
III.
Comments and Suggestions on the strategies applied by the Local Government Unit:
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
BALANGEN, CRISLYN F. APRIL 2011. Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and
Compliance of Selected La Trinidad High School Students on Curfew Ordinance. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Filmore Y. Awas, MDc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the awareness and compliance of selected high
school students of La Trinidad, Benguet.
Specifically, it aims to determine the communication strategies of the Local Government
Unit (LGU) in implementing the curfew hours for minors; to determine the awareness of the
respondents on the ordinance, to determine the respondents compliance to the ordinance, to
determine the reasons to the adherence and non-adherence of the respondents to the ordinance, to
determine the respondents’ sources of information about the curfew for minors, to determine the
problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementors regarding the ordinance and,
to determine the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the improvement of the
strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
Interview schedule, guide questionnaire and interview were used to gather data. There
were 60 respondents and six key informants in the study. Tabulation, frequency and percentages
were used to analyze and interpret the data.
An ordinance prohibiting minors from loitering late at night within La Trinidad, Benguet
or otherwise known as the curfew for minors was amended and enacted in 2008. Results show
that most of the respondents were aware that 7PM-5AM is the curfew hours for minors while
majority of the respondents were not aware of the sanction or penalty imposed for violators of
the ordinance.
Strategies used in enforcing the ordinance include information drive, radio, newspapers,
posting, and the ronda system where most of the respondents agreed they had observed the ronda
system.
Though most complied with the ordinance, the compliance was not greatly influenced by
the strategies applied by the implementing group. Respondents’ top reason for their compliance
is parental guidance while influence of friends was the most reason for the respondents’ non-
compliance to the ordinance.
Weak communication strategies applied in the implementing of the ordinance and not
strict and inconsistent/irregular implementation of the ordinance and the ronda system were the
top problems of the respondents regarding the ordinance while the implementors faced problems
such as insufficient budget, lack of manpower, uncooperative parents/guardians, non-compliance
of business owners, lack of discipline of minors and non-existent support system of the
government.
It is therefore recommended that enforcing group should strengthen the implementation
of the ordinance through developing a communication strategy aside from the existing strategies
applied to constantly remind the community regarding the ordinance and the ordinance should be
further strictly implemented and there should be civilian empowerment.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
Importance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Scope and Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
Curfew for Minors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Implementing Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
6
Importance of Getting Level
of Awareness in Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Information Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Problems encountered in Accessing
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Problems
of
Implementors
in Program Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Improvement of Communication
Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Locale and Time of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Gathered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Socio-demographic
Profile
of the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Implementing Strategies According
to Key Informants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Awareness of the Respondents
on the Strategies Applied
by the Implementors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Awareness of the Respondents
on Content of the Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Compliance of the Respondents
with the Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Reasons of the Adherence of the
Respondents to the Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Reasons to the Non-adherence of the
Respondents to the Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Sources of Information of the Respondents
Regarding the Curfew Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Problems and Concerns Faced
by the Respondents Regarding the Curfew Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . .
26
Problems Faced by the Implementors
in Enforcing the Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Suggestions of the Respondents and Key
informants in Improving the Enforcement
of the Curfew Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . .
32
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
LITERATURE CITED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
A. Interview Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
B. Guide Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Implementing ordinances to the residents especially the youth which comprises the
majority of the population are deemed important not only to secure their safety and maintain
peace and order but as well as to strengthen their discipline.
These ordinances are laws set forth by a governmental authority; specifically a municipal
regulation.
It is in disseminating such policies or information where communication is needed to call
the attention of the people and for them to make immediate actions abiding to such policies.
Communication is the transmission of information, ideas, values, beliefs and attitudes from one
person to another. It is the basic social process which includes all the ways by which man shares
with his fellow men what are on his mind and heart (Maslog, 1998).
Information, on the other hand, is what is being communicated presented within a context
that gives meaning and which leads to increase in understanding (Anonymous, 2010). These are
acquired from different materials and other communication strategies.
As a first class municipality, La Trinidad implements ordinances to maintain peace and
order in the community. One of which is the curfew hours for minors which is under the La
Trinidad Municipal ordinance No. 2 series of 2008. The ordinance states that “curfew for minors
in the town is from 7PM to 5AM.”
Section 15 of the ordinance also states that “No person below eighteen years shall loiter
in the streets or public places between 7:00 PM to 5:00 AM except those returning to or going
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
2
out of their houses or schools for legitimate purpose or unless they are in company with their
parents.”
Violations of the curfew hour are still constantly observed within the municipality as
stated by the La Trinidad Police Women and Children’s Desk.
Police reports of 2008
published in Sunstar states that La Trinidad listed the highest crime rate in Benguet (SunStar
Baguio, 2008). Moreover, LT Police Women and Children’s Desk reported that crimes usually
committed by minors are related to physical injuries which are mostly committed during night
time.
Records show that most of the violators were high school students or were drop-outs.
With this, high school students were the respondents of the study.
Given the above situation, there is a need to study the awareness and compliance of La
Trinidad minors on the said ordinance. Since the different ordinances is already disseminated, an
awareness and compliance level regarding the ordinance is needed to determine the
effectiveness of the methods used in conveying the message to the community and to collect
suggestions on how to improve the strategies to strengthen the implementation of the ordinance.
Statement of the Problem
It is necessary to conduct this inquiry to find out the degree of awareness and compliance
of the residents of La Trinidad regarding the curfew for minors. Specifically, the study intended
to answer the following questions:
1. What are the communication strategies of the Local Government Unit (LGU)
in implementing the curfew hours?
2. How aware are the respondents on the ordinance?
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
3
3. Do the respondents comply with the ordinance?
4. What are the reasons to the respondents’ adherence and non-adherence to the
ordinance?
4. What are the respondents’ sources of information about the ordinance?
5. What are the problems and concerns faced by the respondents and the implementors
regarding the implementation of the ordinance?
6. What are the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the
improvement of the strategies applied in implementing the ordinance?
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to find out the respondents’ awareness and
compliance to curfew for minors. The specific objectives are:
1. to determine the communication strategies of the Local Government Unit
(LGU) in implementing the curfew hours;
2. to determine the awareness of the respondents on the ordinance;
3. to determine the respondents’ compliance to the ordinance;
4. to determine the reasons to the respondents’ adherence and non-adherence to the
ordinance;
5. to determine the respondents’ sources of information about the curfew for
minors;
6. to determine the problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementers
regarding the implementation of the ordinance; and
7. to determine the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the
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improvement of the strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
Importance of the Study
The results of the study may help the Local Government Officials of La Trinidad to
further improve the strategies they use in disseminating ordinances in the municipality
specifically on the curfew for minors. Thus, providing the community sufficient information to
keep peace and order within the locality and nearby places.
Moreover, the results will also serve as basis for the researchers or students who want to
do further researches on Curfew for Minors and other related topics.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study is only limited in determining the La Trinidad minors’ awareness and
compliance to the ordinance on curfew for minors. The respondents of the study are minors who
are high school students particularly the residents of Barangays Balili, Betag, Pico, and Puguis
and the implementors of the said ordinance in La Trinidad.
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5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Curfew for Minors
Curfews have reemerged recently as a popular option for policymakers in their efforts to
deter juvenile victimization and delinquency. Imposed on and off since the turn of the century,
curfews tend to receive increased attention when there is a perceived need for more stringent
efforts at social control.
For example, curfew ordinances were originally enacted in the 1890's to decrease crime
among immigrant youth. During World War II, curfews were perceived as an effective control
for parents who were busy helping with the war effort. More recent interest in juvenile curfew
ordinances came as a response to growing juvenile crime during the 1970's (OJJDP, 2010).
The Sangguniang Bayan of La Trinidad on March 4, 2008 ammended section 15 of
Ordinance No. 1-2003 or the Curfew for Minors under the Children Welfare Code changing
mainly the time schedule and the penalties which then now referred to as the Ordinance No. 2-
2008. Section 15 of Ordinance No.2 of 2008 states that “No person below eighteen years old
shall loiter in the streets or public places between Seven O’clock in the evening (7:00 pm) to
Five O’clock in the morning (5:00 am), except those returning to or going out of their houses or
schools for legitimate purposes or unless they are in company with their parents and guardians.
Minors who shall be caught will be referred to the Municipal Social Welfare and
Development Office (MSWDO) for guidance and counseling, safekeeping for the night, and
disposition in accordance to the provisions of RA 9344.
The said ordinance is a revised edition of Ordinance no.1-2003, section 15 which states
that “No person below eighteen years shall loiter in the streets or public places between 10:30
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
6
PM to 3:00 AM except those returning to or going out of their houses or schools for legitimate
purpose or unless they are in company with their parents.” Ordinance no.1-2003 is entitled
“Providing a comprehensive children’s welfare support program of the municipality of La
Trinidad, Benguet and for other purposes.”
According to La Trinidad vice mayor Romeo Salda Sr., the ordinance was revised to
match with Baguio City who earlier revised the same ordinance in their locality.
Reports said the senior citizens federation asked municipalities in Benguet to strictly
impose the curfew for minors, in order to shun them away from committing or becoming victims
of crimes.
Implementing Strategies
Implementing Strategy
gives a broad view of implementation and a thorough
understanding of each piece of the implementation process so one can make more informed
decisions on efficiency and effectiveness (Executive Education, 2010).
The growing awareness of communication as a basic human rights has triggered demands
for greater access for existing media-communication is now seen as a two-way process and goes
beyond the right to receive information to include rights to initiate and to transmit as well as the
right not to communicate (Braid, 1983).
Importance of Getting Level of Awareness
in Social Studies
Awareness comprises a human’s perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or
event. Awareness does not necessarily imply understanding, just an ability to be conscious of;
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
7
feel or perceive. Awareness requires the ability to totally focus attention on a task or a certain
thing (Anonymous, 2008).
Awareness is the process by which an innovation on technology is brought to the
attention or consciousness of a community. All innovations and technologies new to a
community are perceived merely as information. As information, it merely consists of message
flows on innovations and technologies that are static in time and linear in nature with little
implication for future action. Although sorted, analyzed and displayed in a manner or
understandable in the community, information on innovations and technologies still needs to be
assessed, evaluated and defined in terms of patterns and implications within the context of the
communication to allow successful application (Genilo, 2004).
As noted in the study of Mercado (1986), full awareness by the government agency
personnel is necessary in all development aspects, particularly agriculture, mining and
manufacturing, city linkages, tourism, structural changes, housing, and infrastructure and
utilities.
Information Source
Information source is a system which produces messages by making successive
selections from a group of symbols (Anonymous, 2010). Information can come from virtually
anywhere- personal experiences, books, articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, television,
radio, and the type of information that the community needs that will change depending on the
question they are trying to answer (Anonymous, 2008).
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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8
Problems Encountered in Accessing Information
Braid enumerated some of the identified communication weaknesses of integrated
development projects in the Philippines as follows: wide information gap; lack of interaction
among settlements; very little interaction or linkage between urban clusters and rural areas;
inadequate involvement of beneficiaries of change in project planning; inadequate feedback
mechanisms; weak coordinating structure of agencies involved in the programme; lack of
involvement of community organizations; and lack of utilization of existing community
communication resources.
In the study of Ramos (2007), the findings states that 36.36% of her respondents
answered that they do not have problems in the communication process; however 36.36% also
said that the program lacks printed materials. Only 27.27% said that there is poor dissemination
of information because other farmers are too busy at their farms and do not have time to relate
with other farmers.
Study of Calisaan (2008) also revealed that inadequate materials to disseminate and
produce IEC materials was the major problem of the beneficiaries in terms of the use of IEC
materials, some of the farmer respondents also said that the materials are poorly prepared, and
few said that it lacks coordination to distribute the produced materials.
Problems of Implementors in Program Implementation
Ramos (2007) found out that the problems encountered by the implementors are the lack
of funds to finance the program, the lack of interest or time of the participants, poor cooperation
of the participant, and the lack of personnel to properly monitor the beneficiaries.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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Existing political, economic and social structures can hinder access and participation as
these are primarily hierarchical and centralized in nature. Many problems in implementation
were traceable to inadequacies in the planning process. For example, the lack of participation of
programme implementors in plan formulation led to unrealistic plans (Braid, 1983).
Another study by Aragon (2009) showed that enforcing group encountered problem such
as lack of discipline of the community and lack of cooperation among the community members.
Improvement of Communication Strategies
Braid (1983) said that the most important criterion of success in any strategy is its
effectiveness in developing human resource capabilities. He added that the test of a successful
communication strategy in most action programs is usually seen when a matching of demand and
supply of service is achieved.
Communication links people and institutions with the goals of development. Thus, it
must assist in “operationalizing” or concretizing” the abstract goals of development so that
programme implementors may be able to use them in the restructuring of training, research and
action strategies (Braid, 1983).
Braid and Mariano (1993) defines communication is primarily acts as catalyst in the
dialogue between policy makers and the people. In this role, it mobilizes people through the
transformation and values and thus, facilitates the acceptance of inventions.
A communication strategy must be directed at various levels- at opinion leaders or policy
planners, group members, and the people. In this regard, it should focus on mechanisms which
will encourage interaction among and between these various groups (Braid, 1983).
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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Communication strategies should not merely be directed to motivating or awakening
people’s consciousness, but also to changing the socio-economic structure in which they operate
(Braid, 1983).
A communication strategy should be judged by its ability to feel the pulse of the people,
to distinguish “needs” from “wants” and to effectively communicate these needs to policy
makers (Braid, 1983).
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in La Trinidad, the capital town of the province of Benguet
(Figure 1). The municipality of La Trinidad is composed of 16 barangays: Alapang, Alno,
Ambiong, Bahong, Balili, Beckel, Betag, Bineng, Cruz, Lubas, Pico, Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan,
Tawang, and Wangal. It is bounded on the North by the municipality of Tublay, on the south by
Baguio City, on the east by the Municipality of Itogon, and on the West by the Municipality of
Sablan and Tuba.
The area is chosen because Curfew for Minors is implemented by the local government
officials.
The study was conducted on January-February 2011.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the residents (minors/18 yrs old and below)
particularly high school students of Barangay Balili, Betag, Pico and Puguis where the most
population is recorded. Fifteen respondents were chosen from each of these four barangays.
The respondents were chosen through purposive quota sampling. The criteria in choosing
the respondents were as follows:
a) should be residents of La Trinidad for not less than three years; and
b) should have at least an idea about the curfew for minors
Moreover, the study had six key informants who are enforcing body as follows:
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
12
Figure 1. Map of Benguet showing the locale of the study
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
13
member of the Sangguniang Barangay specially the Barangay Tanods and other La Trinidad-
LGU members.
Data Collection
An interview schedule was used to gather information from the respondents. Personal
interview with key informants was conducted using a guide questionnaire. Interview was also
used to supplement other needed information regarding the said ordinance.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were the profiles of the respondents, strategies of the Local
Government Unit (LGU) in implementing the curfew hours; the awareness of the respondents on
the ordinance; the compliance of the respondents to the ordinance; the reasons of the
respondents’ compliance and non-compliance to the ordinance; the sources of information about
the ordinance; problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementors regarding the
ordinance; and the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the improvement of the
strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
Data Analysis
The collected data were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using frequency and
percentages.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
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14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 presents the socio-demographic profile of the respondents according to age and
sex.
Out of 60 respondents, majority of the respondents (57%) were 14-15 years old followed
by 16-18 years old (25%).
The data shows that there was no equal number of female from male respondents.
Majority (58%) of the respondents were male. In relation to violators males, according to the key
informants, have greater number than females.
Education could be a factor in understanding the ordinance, thus, educational attainment
of the respondents was considered in the study.
Table shows that all the respondents had formal education and that they can read and
write. This would mean that they can read and understand the ordinance well. All of the
respondents are of high school level. A key informant said that more high school students were
observed to be violators of the ordinance.
Meanwhile, all of the respondents were currently studying when this study was
conducted.
Implementing Strategies According
to Key Informants
Information drive. The Local Government Unit (LGU) has conducted information drives
during the first days of the implementation of the curfew for minors ordinance prior to its
amendment in 2008. Mr. Teofilo Langgato of the Legal Service Office of the
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Table 1. Socio-demographic profile of the respondents
Respondents (n=60)
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Age
12-13
11
18
14-15
34
57
16-18
15
25
Total 60
100
Sex
Male
35
58
Female
25
42
Total 60
100
Educational Attainment
High School level
60
100
Total 60
100
municipal government said that mass information drive included attending barangay assemblies
whenever invited to announce or remind the community regarding ordinances such as the curfew
for minors. Another key informant said that they did information dissemination regarding the
ordinance through informing mainly the parents who attended the general assembly and the
parents of the violators. Thus, the parents’ participation was solicited.
Broadcast or Publication. The ordinance was announced or broadcasted in the radio
through Public Service Announcement (PSA) during the first days of its implementation prior to
its amendment, as stated by Langgato. These radio stations were Bombo Radyo and DZWT.
This corroborates with the study of Domeris as cited by Gatab (2009) that the use of IEC
materials especially the use of media combinations like radio and television is one of the
communication strategies in monitoring and implementing public safety.
Aside from broadcasting it through the radio, Langgato added that they have published it
in local newspapers like the Baguio Midland Courier and Sunstar Baguio, still in 2008.
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Yet, Langgato said that the ordinance was still published in newspapers when journalists
came to ask regarding it.
Findings appeared similar with the study of Domingo (2008) where results of her study
showed that approved ordinances were published in local newspapers or announced over local
radio stations. This is supported by the provisions of the Local Government Code which states
that the secretary to the Sanggunian should transmit official copies of such ordinances to the
chief executive officer of the official gazette.
Posting. Aleve A. Langbis, Balili barangay kagawad, said that they have tried posting the
ordinance on some areas including in their bulletin boards around their barangay to inform the
community.
Ronda system. The ronda system was the actual foot patrol of the barangay officials or
barangay tanods and police officers around the barangay to apprehend violators. The ronda
system included securing of computer shops and establishments serving liquors around the area
while at the same time informing the residents regarding the ordinances. Curfew for minors,
computer shops and liquor establishments were successive, thus, the ronda system was not only
for the latter but extended to the other two ordinances.
According to the key informants, most of the minors were caught at the computer shops
and establishments serving alcoholic beverages, and in dark areas. Thus, most of them
concentrated on these areas.
As for the ronda system, it was noted in the study that the barangays where the
respondents were taken, barangay tanods and officials conducted ronda in different schedules
and in different time. Mr. Langbis said that they conducted ronda randomly at their place by at
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least three times a week emphasizing mainly during Fridays and Saturdays where most violators
were observed loitering.
Moreover, Kagawad Melecio Basinga, chairman for Peace and Order of Barangay Pico
and a key informant, said that all the tanods of their barangay about 32 of them, gathered every
Saturday night to secure the Trading Post Area where most minors and drunkards were seen
loitering. But all throughout the week, they conducted ronda at their own sitios together with the
Civilian Volunteers.
On the other hand, a protocol set by the LGU was the basis of the Barangay officials,
Police Officers and MSWDO in implementing the ordinance. Mr. Langgato showed the process
of this protocol as supported by other key informants.
Minors who shall be caught by Barangay Tanods after 7PM should either be sent home or
referred to the police officers. The police officers will either send the children home or refer
them to the MSWDO for guidance and counseling. The MSWDO then will send the children
home after the guidance and counseling with the parents.
However, this procedure was modified by some of the barangay officials where they
apply case-to-case basis. Barangay Kagawad and Chairman for Peace and Order of Barangay
Puguis Tyrone T. Diaz said that during foot patrols, they exempted residents who loitered later
than 7PM as long as they were not doing anything wrong. Most of those who were caught were
those drunk and those who were committing crimes. They referred these violators to the police
officers and to MSWDO for proper intervention or sanction. Those who were just seen loitering
late were assisted home after being informed and asked regarding the curfew ordinance.
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Most of the key informants said they do the same thing. Barangay officials or tanods
talked to the parents for advises for those who were immediately sent home. Since some parents
were not aware of the said ordinance, they were likewise informed of the ordinance.
The results support what the respondents observed on how the ordinance was being
implemented in the municipality.
In addition, Langgato said that they have assigned a task force to monitor the
implementation of all ordinances passed by the Sangguniang Bayan including the curfew for
minors ordinance. The task force was composed of the representatives from the following
offices: Mayors’, Legal Services, Licensing, Treasuring, Social Welfare, Health, Police and the
Barangay.
During the implementation of the study, the said task force was suspended as new set of
officials took office in July 2010. However, Mr. Langgato said that the ordinance was still being
implemented with minimal monitoring. Likewise, the siren which resonated three times a day,
the second of which calls for the curfew for minors by 7 PM, was suspended.
Awareness of the Respondents on the Strategies
Applied by the Implementors
Table 2 shows the strategies applied by the enforcing groups in implementing the
ordinance in the community based on the observation of the respondents. Most (54%) of the
respondents claimed that the Ronda System was the number one strategy applied by the
enforcing group. Ronda system was the actual foot patrol applied by barangay officials including
tanods and police officers in apprehending violators. Both posting in bulletin boards and airing
through radio came in second with 13%.
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Only few (7%) of the respondents said that they attended information drives conducted
by the LGU in their respective barangays. According to these respondents, they have attended
the information drive during the first few days of its implementation during the administration of
former mayor Artemio Galwan. This supports what the key informant mentioned regarding the
conduct of information drives upon the amendment of the said ordinance.
Meanwhile, 35% of the respondents admitted that they have not observed any
implementing strategies applied by the LGU in their respective barangays. One of them reasoned
out that she just stayed home most of the time when classes were over, thus, she did not witness
any of it. It is also noted in the study that most of the respondents who did not observe the
implementing strategies were not aware of the content of the ordinance. Those who were aware
of the content of the ordinance in this particular case were either informed through interpersonal
communication between their friends, family, relatives and teachers, as observed from the data
gathered.
Table 2. Awareness of the respondents on the strategies applied by the implementors
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(%)
Ronda System
32
54
Posting in Bulletin Boards
8
13
Announcing the ordinance over the radio
8
13
Conducting Information Drives
4
7
No Observation
21
35
*Multiple Response
Awareness of the Respondents
to the Content of the Ordinance
Generally, all respondents were aware that an ordinance on curfew for minors exists in
their municipality. However, their awareness on the content varied.
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Table 3 shows the awareness of the respondents to the curfew for minors ordinance
content of La Trinidad, Benguet. It shows that most of the respondents (55%) were aware of the
said ordinance while 45% of the respondents were not aware.
For the penalty for violating, only 22% of the respondents were aware of the penalty
enforced by the Local Government Unit (LGU) to minors caught after 7 PM. According to the
ordinance, minors who shall be caught will be referred to the Municipal
Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) for guidance and counseling, safekeeping
for the night, and disposition to the provisions of RA 9344.
Meanwhile, majority (78%) of the respondents were not aware of the penalty on violating
the said ordinance.
The awareness of the respondents on the content was taken by asking them specific
questions regarding the ordinance. The respondents were asked if they know the exact time of
the curfew. If answered correctly, they were considered aware of the curfew time. This is same
true with the awareness of the respondents on the penalty.
Table 3. Awareness of the respondents on the content of the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
ORDINANCE
AWARE NOT
AWARE
CONTENT
NUMBER
PERCENTAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE
(%)
(%)
7PM to 5AM
33
55
27
45
Penalty
13
22
47
78
Compliance of the Respondents with the Ordinance
Table 4 shows the compliance of the respondents on the ordinance on curfew for minors.
The data shows that most (60%) of the respondents complied with the ordinance.
According to the respondents, especially those who were students, they were strictly asked by
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their parents to go home early. Some of the respondents even revealed that they have their own
curfew hours at home set by their parents as early as 6PM. This would also mean that the parents
were concerned of their safety and security.
Meanwhile, 40% of the respondents admitted of not complying with the ordinance. Based
on several interviews with the respondents, a lot of them went home late because they stayed late
playing at the computer shops. Also, most of those who did not complied were not aware of the
ordinance content in terms of the curfew time.
The data shows that the results of the percentages of the respondents were not far from
each other. This would mean that a lot of minors still did not comply with the ordinance. Some
of the respondents admitted that they go home late because they just wanted to stay out from
home. Others said they hang-out (tambay) with their friends. This is supported by the factor
contributing to their non-compliance with the ordinance which is the peer influence.
Table 4. Compliance of the respondents with the ordinance
ORDINANCE
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
CONTENT
COMPLY DID
NOT
COMPLY
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Curfew Hours:
7 PM-5AM
36
60
24
40
Reasons of the Adherence of the Respondents
to the Ordinance
Table 5 shows the reasons for the compliance or adherence of the respondents to the
curfew for minors ordinance.
Out of the 36 respondents complying with the ordinance, results show that all of the
respondents claimed it was their parental guidance that affected their adherence to the ordinance.
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As stated earlier, some of the respondents had to go home early to beat their curfew time at home
set by their parents or guardians. Also, some of them had to attend to their household chores.
Eighty six percent of the respondents said they were influenced by their friends or peers.
A respondent said that she went home early like her friends as they all know the danger of going
home late.
The data also showed that 80% of the respondents wanted to maintain peace and order in
their community. One of the respondents said that she was afraid to go home late because she
might get into trouble considering that their place was quite dangerous. Some respondents also
said that peace and order could be attained by going home early to avoid unwanted fights such as
gang wars.
A key informant supported this saying that curfew for minors was intensified before due
to the increasing numbers of gang wars such as the controversial case of the Blood vs. Crips.
In a study posted online through wordpress, Bloods and Crips were just two gangs among
the 27 listed gangs in Baguio as of July 30, 2007. As of October 2010, an article from SunStar
Baguio states that Blood and Crips were still among the notorious gangs closely watched by the
police force in Baguio City.
Table 5. Reasons contributing to the adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=36)
REASONS
No. %
Parental guidance
36
100
Influence of peers/friends
31
86
For peace and Order
29
80
To respect the dignity of my barangay
27
75
Everybody is adhering to it so I will do it, too.
25
69
Forced by Implementing Group
8
22
*Multiple responses
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Furthermore, only 22% of the respondents said that they complied with the ordinance
because they were forced by the implementing group. Other reasons of the respondents included
respecting the dignity of their barangay and complying as influenced by others who are
complying with it.
Reasons to the Non-adherence of the Respondents
to the Ordinance
Table 6 presents the reasons to the non-adherence of the respondents on the ordinance.
Out of the 24 who did not complied with the ordinance, most (67%) of the respondents
admitted that they were influenced by their friends or peers. A lot of them said they stayed late
either playing at the computer shops or hanging-out with their friends.
Forty two percent of the respondents, on the other hand, did not comply with the
ordinance due to lack of parental guidance. Some of them said that they were not strictly guarded
by their parents or guardians and they could go home whatever time they
Table 6. Reasons contributing to the non-adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=24)
REASONS
No. %
Influence of peers/friends
16
67
Lack of parental guidance
10
42
Lack of enforcement from the implementing group
7
29
*Multiple responses
wanted.
These statements were supported by the key informants affirming that probable reasons
why minors violate such laws was because of the bad influence of friends and the lack of
parental guidance, among others.
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Meanwhile, 29% of the respondents said that there was lack of enforcement from the
implementing group. One of the respondents said that even if he stayed late, he was never caught
by the enforcing group.
Sources of Information of the Respondents
Regarding the Curfew Ordinance
Table 7 presents the various sources of information of the respondents regarding the
ordinance on the Curfew for Minors in La Trinidad.
Results show that 45% of the respondents were informed on the said ordinance through
their family members. Thirty five percent of the respondents, on the other hand, were informed
through their friends while 17% of the respondents were informed through their relatives and
enforcing group composed of the Barangay tanods, Sangguniang Bayan, and police officers. This
indicates that the ordinance was discussed or talked
Table 7. Sources of information of the respondents regarding the curfew ordinance
RESPONDENTS (n=60)
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Family Members
27
45
Friends 21
35
Relatives 10
17
Enforcing Group
10
17
Newspaper 10
17
Radio 9
15
Posted in Bulletin Boards
8
13
Teachers 2
3
Owner of Computer Shop
1
2
*Multiple Responses
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about in their homes and within their discussions with their friends and relatives.
This was affirmed in the study of Gatab (2008) where results showed that all
respondents’ sources of information on formulated ordinances were acquired information from
relatives and friends.
The data also show that the newspaper (17%) served as one of the sources of information.
One respondent claimed that she read it from a local newspaper which she could no longer recall.
Other respondents added that the siren (5%) served as a reminder of the curfew.
Respondents’ other sources of information were the radio, bulletin boards, teachers and
owner of computer shop. However, a computer shop owner at Kilometer 5, Pico admitted that he
did not really strictly prohibit minors from playing at his shop after 7PM. He added that it is up
to the minor to decide to go home.
Problems and Concerns Faced by the Respondents
Regarding the Curfew Ordinance
According to the data gathered from the respondents through several interviews, the
problems and concerns faced by the respondents regarding the curfew for minors ordinance
included the weak communication strategies applied in implementing the ordinance, not strict
and inconsistent/irregular implementation of the ordinance and the ronda system, and too early
curfew hour for minors. The respondents’ answers were multiple and thus may create a big deal
in their compliance to the ordinance.
Based on the result drawn on the awareness of the respondents regarding the ordinance
content, almost half of the respondents (45%) were not aware that loitering by 7PM was not
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allowed to minors. One of the respondents said that he was not aware about the ordinance and
that he was never informed about it.
Most of the respondents said that there were very few sources of information regarding
the ordinance. Others said that though, the Barangay officials conducted actual foot patrols at
their place, it was not consistent or regular, and thus, minors were still seen loitering at night.
This could be attributed to the irregular implementation of the ordinance as stated by the key
informants.
The researcher together with the volunteers also tried to search for any Information-
Educational Communication Material (IEC) specifically posters or notices regarding the curfew
for minors ordinance in the barangays where the study was conducted. However, there was not
one seen during the observation.
Kagawad Langbis of Balili said that they have once posted the copy of the ordinance in
some areas of the barangay but some have been removed while some have already faded. He
admitted that they have not replaced it.
According to United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA, 2011), IEC
combines strategies, approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups,
organisations and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting and sustaining their
own health. Embodied in IEC is the process of learning that empowers people to make decisions,
modify behaviours and change social conditions. As such, the situation observed in the different
barangays may imply that weak use of communication strategies like the use of IEC materials
may lead to poor compliance or participation of the people (UNFPA, 2011). IEC materials
include the poster. Thus, the use of IEC could be a great help in enforcing the ordinance further
especially in calling the attention of the people.
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Problems Faced by the Implementors
in Enforcing the Ordinance
In implementing the curfew for minors ordinance, the enforcing group encountered
problems such as insufficient budget, lack of manpower, uncooperative parents/guardians, non-
compliance of business owners, lack of discipline of minors and the non-existent support system
of the government.
According to the key informants Kagawad Melecio Basinga and Lupon Artemio Banga-
an, insufficient budget derived from the government lead to the weak implementation of the
ordinance since there is not enough fund to pay the barangay tanods who enforced the ordinance.
Moreover, Barangay Secretary Moises Depalog of Betag complained about the
inadequate gadgets and equipments. These statements were supported by other key informants
saying there were no available transportation services to be used in patrolling especially in
sending the minors home.
These statements were supported by previous studies where in the study of Ramos (2007)
showed that lack of funds to finance program, poor cooperation of participants and lack of
personnel to properly monitor the beneficiaries were the problems in communicating the
ordinance.
On the other hand, study of Domingo (2008) stated that the lack of funds for continuous
publication using media, lack of oversight committee to come up with strategies and effective
means of disseminating ordinances, loss of copies posted and non-receipt of copies by concerned
parties were also problems in the dissemination of ordinances in the community.
As stated earlier, minors were usually caught at computer shops and establishments
serving liquors. Kagawad Tyrone T. Diaz of Puguis claimed that non-compliance of these
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establishments’ owners was another problem in the enforcement of the ordinance. Business
owners who let minors get drunk and play late at their shops would not discipline the minors.
Kagawad Diaz as supported by the rest of the key informants also stated that parents or guardians
who were not cooperative was a huge factor in disciplining the minors.
Moreover, the lack of discipline of minors emerged as one of the biggest problems in the
implementation of the ordinance as claimed by the key informants. Key informants added that
the same persons were caught violating the ordinance. Since minors could not be penalized by
neither cash nor imprisonment as provided by RA 9344, minors were confident and unafraid to
violate the law over and over again. Thus, the weak support of the law in giving heavier
punishments to minors to discipline them well was also a problem as stated by Kagawad Diaz.
Republic Act 9344 or otherwise known as the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006
provides that all minors aged 15 and below are exempt from criminal liability and minors aged
16 to 18 were declared exempt if they acted without discernment and modified the penalty if they
did act with discernment.
Sixth District Rep. Mercedes Alvarez, a member of the House Committee on Revision of
Laws, supports what the key informants said as she mentioned that this law sadly contributes to
the rise in crime because there have been many reports that organized crime syndicates allegedly
used minors, aged below 15, so they can get away with the crime. She also said that the present
law is also to blame for the continued criminality since young offenders, after being released,
keep on repeating the crime as they will not be arrested anyway ( Dangcalan, 2011).
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Suggestions of the Respondents and Key
Informants in Improving the Enforcement
of the Curfew Ordinance
Table 8 shows the suggestions of the respondents to improve the enforcement of the
curfew for minors ordinance.
Thirty three percent of the respondents suggested the strict implementation of the
ordinance on the curfew for minors. Alex Wacay, a respondent said that ronda or foot patrol
should be actively implemented in all barangays in uniform schedule to totally ban minors from
wandering around. This may solve what the key informants complained about minors at their
barangays who were caught loitering at other barangays after discovering that foot patrols was
scheduled in certain days at their barangays.
Table 8. Suggestions of the respondents in improving the enforcement of the curfew ordinance
SUGGESTIONS
NUMBER PERCENTAGE
n=60 (%)
Strict implementation of the curfew for minors’
20 33
ordinance
More posters and other IEC materials
13
22
Conduct information drives like seminars, house-to-
7 12
house and student orientation per school
More radio advertisements/ reminders
7 12
Return the siren or wang-wang
5
8
*Multiple Responses
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Twelve percent of the respondents agreed that there should be more posters and other
IEC materials regarding the curfew for minors’ ordinance to inform and remind minors as well
as parents or guardians.
Moreover, 7% of the respondents suggested that there should be more information drives
conducted in the community such as seminars, house-to-house visit and orientation of students in
every school.
Another 7% of the respondents suggested that there should be more radio advertisements
and reminders. One of the respondent suggested that a reminder should be aired daily in the radio
to remind the community regarding the ordinance.
On the other hand, 5% of the respondents agreed that the siren and car patrol should be
returned to further remind minors and business establishments on the curfew hours. This
indicates that communication strategies of the implementing group were weakened due to the
suspension of the siren as a reminder for the ordinance.
Meanwhile, the key informants suggested additional personnel like police force, follow-
up check-up to minor offenders, 24-hour open government office like the MSWDO to handle
and counsel violators, wide partnership with parents, and imposing community service as
penalty. These may be related to the problems they faced in enforcing the ordinance.
On the part of the LGU, Mr. Langgato enumerated their plans in strengthening the
implementation of the ordinance on the curfew for minors. He said that hopefully, if the request
on the revival of the task force be approved, they will hold information drives on selected
ordinances like the curfew for minors. These information drives may include conducting student
orientations in every school, lectures and barangay assemblies. Mr.
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Langgato also added that they might return the operation of siren and that they would probably
air the notice regarding the curfew ordinance on the radio.
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The awareness and compliance of the minors on the curfew for minors ordinance of La
Trinidad, Benguet was conducted to determine the communication strategies of the Local
Government Unit (LGU) in implementing the curfew hours for minors; to determine the
awareness of the respondents on the ordinance, to determine the respondents compliance to the
ordinance, to determine the reasons to the adherence and non-adherence of the respondents to the
ordinance, to determine the respondents’ sources of information about the curfew for minors, to
determine the problems and concerns faced by the respondents and implementors regarding the
ordinance and, to determine the suggestions of the respondents and implementors on the
improvement of the strategies applied in implementing the ordinance.
The study was conducted from January to February 2011.
Interview schedule, guide questionnaire and interview were used to gather data. There
were 60 respondents, eleven minors aged 12-13, thirty four aged 14-15 and fifteen aged 16-18,
and six key informants.
Majority (58%) were male, all of the respondents were high school students.
The six key informants who belong to the enforcing group enumerated the strategies they
used in enforcing the ordinance such as information drive, radio, newspapers, posting copies of
ordinances, and the ronda system or foot patrol.
As for the strategies observed by the respondents, most (54%) of the respondents agreed
they had witnessed the ronda system while some (35%) observed nothing.
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Most (55%) of the respondents were aware that 7PM-5AM is the curfew hours for minors
while majority (78%) of the respondents were not aware of the sanction or penalty imposed for
violators of the ordinance.
Majority (60%) of the respondents complied with the ordinance while 40% of the
respondents did not comply with the ordinance.
As for the reasons to the respondents’ adherence to the ordinance, all of the 36
respondents who complied with the ordinance reasoned parental guidance. Influence of friends/
peers (67%) was the top factor for the respondents’ non-adherence to the ordinance.
The respondents shared their problems and concerns regarding the ordinance such as
weak communication strategies applied in the implementing of the ordinance, not strict and
inconsistent/irregular implementation of the ordinance and the ronda system, and too early
curfew hour for minors.
As for the problems faced by the implementors in enforcing the ordinance, the enforcing
group encountered problems such as insufficient budget, lack of manpower, uncooperative
parents/guardians, non-compliance of business owners, lack of discipline of minors, non-existent
support system of the government.
Meanwhile, most (33%) of the respondents suggested that there should be strict
implementation of the curfew for minors ordinance and 22% of the respondents suggested that
there should be more I-E-C materials like leaflets and posters. For the key informants, they
suggested additional personnel like police force, follow-up check-up to minor offenders, 24-hour
open government office to process violators, wide partnership to parents, and imposing
community service as penalty.
Conclusions
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Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. The communication strategies applied by the Local Government Unit in implementing
the curfew ordinance were information drive, broadcast or publication, posting and the ronda
system.
2. There is not enough awareness of the respondents to the ordinance content based on
the gathered data.
3. Though most complied with the ordinance, the compliance is not greatly influenced by
the strategies applied by the implementing group.
4. The respondents’ top sources of information regarding the ordinance were their family
members and friends.
5. There is poor communication strategies applied by the implementing group in
enforcing the ordinance in terms of reminding the respondents regarding the ordinance.
6. Lack of discipline and uncooperative parents and establishments were the main
problems of the implementors.
7. The suggestions of the respondents in improving the enforcement of the curfew
ordinance include strict implementation of the ordinance, and more communication strategies.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were formulated:
1. Enforcing group should strengthen the implementation of the ordinance through
developing a communication strategy aside from the existing strategies applied to constantly
remind the community regarding the ordinance.
2. The enforcing group should be stricter in implementing the ordinance such as
conducting daily ronda or foot patrol in all barangays of La Trinidad with a uniform schedule.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
35
3. Civilian empowerment should be implemented in the area. Parents or guardians and
business establishments should help in disciplining the minors.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
36
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS, 2010. Information. Retrieved September 15, 2010. http://www.business
dictionary.com/definition/information.html.
ANONYMOUS, 2008. Awareness. Retrieved September 15, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Awareness.
ARAGON, M. 2009. Awareness and Compliance of the Community to Anti-spitting of
“Momma” Ordinance of Barangay Poblacion in Bontoc, Mountain Province. BS. Thesis,
BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet.
BRAID, F.R. 1983. Communication Strategies for Productivity Improvement. Asian Productivity
Organization, Tokyo.
BRAID, F.R. et al. 1993. Communication for Rural Mobilization and Development. Department
of Development Communication, UPLB, Laguna.
CALISAAN, M. 2008. Communication Applied by the Department of Agriculture in the
Promotion of Ginintuang Masaganang Ani (GMA) Rice Program in Sablan, Benguet.
DANGCALAN, D. 2011. Solons File Ammendments to the Juvenile Justuce and Welfare Act of
2006. Bacolod City News. Retrieved February 20, 2011. http://www.ndb-online. com
/dec1310/negros-local-news/Solons+File+Amendments+to+the+ Juvenile+ Justice+
and+Welfare+Act+of+2006.
DOMINGO, L. 2008. Communication Strategies in the Formulation and Dissemination of
Ordinances in the Municipality of La Trinidad, Benguet (2004-2007). BS. Thesis,
BSU,
La
Trinidad, Benguet.
EXECUTIVE EDUCATION. 2010. Implementing Strategy: Leading Effective Execution.
Retrieved
September 15, 2010. http://executiveeducation.wharton. Upenn.edu/open-
enrollment/strategy-management-program s/Implementing-Strategy.com.
GATAB, M. 2008. Communication Strategies in the Formulation and Dissemination of
Ordinances in the Municipality of Bakun, Benguet (2004-2007). BS. Thesis, BSU, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 18,19, 22.
GENILO, J. W. 2004. Community-Based Communication: A New Approach to Development
Communication. Great Books Publishing, Sikatuna Village, Quezon City.
MASLOG, C. 1998. Philippine Communication. An Introduction. New Daily Publisher Quezon
City.
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
37
MERCADO, M. 1986. Governmental Awareness of the Socio-economic and Physical
Development of Baguio City. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION (OJJDP), 2010.
Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States 1994-1996. Retrieved September 15,
2010. http://ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/pubs/reform/ch2_c.html.
RAMOS, C. B. 2008. An evaluation of the Farmer Scientist Bureau (FSB) as a
Communication Strategy for Agricultural Technology Dissemination. BS. Thesis, BSU,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
SUNSTAR BAGUIO, 2007. LT councilors bat for earlier curfew for minors. Retrieved
September 15, 2010. http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2007/10/11/ news/lt.
councilors.bat.for.earlier.curfew.for.minors.html.
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA), 2011. The Essentials of IEC. Retrieved
February 20, 2011. http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/manual/a1.html.
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High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
38
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Interview Schedule
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance
of selected La Trinidad high school students on Curfew Ordinance
I. Socio-demographic profile
Name
(optional)______________________________
Age_____ Sex: _______Male ________female
Educational attainment:
_____Elementary
_____High
School
_____College
Occupation:____________________
II. Awareness on the Content of the Ordinance
ORDINANCE CONTENT
AWARE
NOT AWARE
Loitering around 7PM to 5AM for minors is not
allowed
Minors who shall be caught will be referred t the
Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
(MSWDO) for guidance and counseling,
safekeeping for the night, and disposition in
accordance to the provisions of RA 9344.
III. Source of Information
1. What are your sources for information?
_____ posted in bulletin boards
_____ through the newspaper
_____ through the radio
_____ friends
_____ family members
_____ relatives
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
39
_____ enforcing group (members of Barangay tanods, Sangguniang Bayan, Police
Officers)
_____others. Pls specify:___________________________
Based on your observations, what strategies do the SB apply in the implementation of the said
ordinance?
___________Ronda
System
___________ Posting in bulletin boards
___________ airing through the radio
___________ airing through the television
___________others.
Pls
specify._______________________________________
III. Compliance to the Ordinance
Do you adhere to the said ordinance?
_______YES
_______NO
IV. Reasons to the adherence and non-adherence of the respondents to the ordinance
1. What are the reasons to your adherence to the ordinance?
REASONS
a) Influence of peers/friends
b) Parental guidance
c) Forced by the implementing group
a) To respect the dignity of my place
b) Everybody is adhering to it so I will do it, too
a) For peace and order
Others please specify:
2. What are the reasons to your non-adherence to the ordinance?
REASONS
a. Influence of peers/friends
b. Lack of parental guidance
c. Lack of enforcement from the implementing group
Others please specify:
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
40
V. Suggestions
What are your suggestions to improve the access of information about Curfew for Minors or the
implementation of the ordinance?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX B
Guide Questionnaire
For the Key Informants
I.
Implementing Strategies
1. What strategies do you apply in implementing the said ordinance?
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. What process/es do you follow in implementing the ordinance?
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
II.
Problems in implementing the ordinance
1. What do you think are the reasons for violating this ordinance?
2. What are the problems you encounter in implementing the ordinance?
III.
Comments and Suggestions on the strategies applied by the Local Government Unit:
Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness and Compliance of Selected La Trinidad
High School Students on Curfew Ordinance / Crislyn F. Balangen 2011
Document Outline
- Young Lurkers at Night: Awareness andCompliance of Selected La Trinidad High School Students on Curfew Ordinance
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES