Benguet State University
RESEARCH JOURNAL
ISSN 0117-5297 No. 64 January-June 2010
CONTENTS
ASSESMENT OF NEEDS AND PROBLEMS OF THE BSIT STUDENTS
ON COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SKILLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

J. B. Lacea, B. B. Dolipas, C. P. Paza, F. M. Lacamento,

F.P.Teofilo,N.K.Cua-atandR.G.Tello
COMPREHENSION OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS
AMONG BSAS STUDENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-23

S.S.Poliden
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON THE PRODUCTION
AND PROCESSING OF MAGUEY/SISAL AND THE AVAILABILITY
OF OTHER FIBER PLANTS IN BENGUET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24-35

E.B.Alupias,B.T.Gayao,D.T.MeldozandJ.S.Sagpa-ey
KINDS,USES,ANDIMPLICATIONSOFWOVEN
ETHNICMATERIALSOFTHEBENGUETPEOPLE..................................
36-54

E.B.Alupias,B.T.Gayao,D.T.MeldozandJ.S.Sagpa-ey
BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY
La Trinidad 2601 Benguet
Philippines

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All communications should be addressed to:
THE EDITOR
BSU Research Journal
Benguet State Univeristy
La Trinidad, Benguet 2601, Philippines
Telefax:( +6374) 422-5547
Email address: ovpre.po@gmail.com
Website: www.bsu.edu.ph

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Benguet State University
RESEARCH JOURNAL
This multidisciplinary scientific journal publishes selected
papers but not limited to those presented during the
annual Benguet State University Agency In-House Review
(Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, Social and
Education Sectors).

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Editorial Board
EDITOR
Wilma L. Marquez
Lay-out artist/ CirCuLation assistant
May Flor P. Magciano
TECHNICAL EDITORS
Percival B. Alipit, PhD
Ruth S. Batani, MSc
Janet S. Luis, PhD
Inez C. Gonzales, PhD
Silvestre L. Kudan, PhD
Valentino L. Macanes, MSc
Luciana M. Villanueva, PhD
EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS
Julia A. Solimen, PhD
Vice President for Research and Extension
Rogelio D. Colting, PhD
University President
REFEREES
Wilfredo V. Alangui, PhD
Dean
College of Science
University of the Philippines-Baguio
Baguio City
Jimmy Balud Fong, MA Comm.
Associate Proffesor III
Department of Communication
College of Arts and Communication
University of the Philippines-Baguio
Arnold Inumpa, PhD
Provincial Director
Benguet
Department of Science and Technology

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2010, 64: 1-13
Copyright 2006, Benguet State University
ASSESMENT OF NEEDS AND PROBLEMS OF THE BSIT STUDENTS ON
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SKILLS
John B. Lacea, Bretel B. Dolipas, Chrisando P. Paza, Fitzgerald M. Lacamento,
Fevy P. Teofilo, Norman K. Cua-at and Rowena G. Tello
College of Arts and Sciences
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

The study aimed to determine the extent of needs and problems of Bachelor of
Science in Information Technology (BSIT) students on computer programming skills; the
relationship between the perceived needs and perceived problems; and the relationship
between computer programming skills with the extent of needs and problems. The study
was conducted to enhance the computer programming skills of BSIT students of the
Benguet State University by addressing perceived needs or problems.

Results show that there were facility-related, curriculum-related and teacherrelated
aspects considered to be of much need and of great problem by students. The perceived
needs are related to perceived problems. Facility-related and curriculumrelated needs
are related to computer programming skills on IT subjects such as Problem Solving and
Programming Microcomputer Systems Organization, Database Management System
and Object-Oriented Programming and Technology skills.
Keywords: assesment,informationtechnology,computerprogrammingskills

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2010, 64: 14-23
Copyright 2006, Benguet State University
COMPREHENSION OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS AMONG BSAS STUDENTS
Samuel S. Poliden
Director of the University Public Affairs Office
Faculty, College of Arts and Sciences
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

This study on comprehension of graphic materials was conducted from February
to December 2008 to Bachelor of Science in Applied Statistics (BSAS) students at the
College of Arts and Sciences, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.

A total of 80 BSAS students served as respondents. A 50-item test which
consisted of 10 items each for tables; graphs and charts; instructions; diagrams, pictorial
illustrations, maps; and notices/ common signs was administered to determine their
proficiency in the comprehension of graphic materials. The test on grapfic materials was
taken from various reading materials.

Results showed that the most difficult to comprehend by the respondents was
the tables while instructions the easiest. Results showed a significant difference in the
performance of the students as influenced by their year level. However, it did not show
any significant difference in their performance according to gender. The overall level of
performance of students in the reading comprehension of graphic materials is competent.

Four reccomendations include the following: using authentic materials
from magazines and newspapers that will replicate real-life situation in developing
comprehension skills; utilization of any graphic materials, multiple media, art,
multidisciplinary thematic units, and even games in designing classroom task to
promote reading comprehension skills; language teachers provide interesting language
lessons using newspapers, magazines or any graphic materials as input in developing
reading skills; and instructiona tasks or activities should be concerned with building
comprehension strategies especially the use of print media like newspapers and other
sources of graphic materials.
Keywords: comprehension,graphicmaterials,appliedstatistics

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2010, 64: 24-35
Copyright 2006, Benguet State University
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON THE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING
OF MAGEY/SISAL (Furcraea Foetida L.) AND THE AVAILABILITY OF
THE OTHER FIBER PLANTS IN BENGUET
Erlinda B. Alupias, Betty T. Gayao, Dalen T. Meldoz and Jaila S. Sagpa-ey
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

The Province of Benguet is a home to different fiber yielding plants some of
which were used by the people as clothing in the olden times. Maguey/Sisal (Furcraea
foetida L.) is the most common fiber plant known to the local people, they are mostly
found in the rocky mountains of the municipalities of Bokod and Kabayan. The magey/
sisal fibers are usually extracted for rope making. More common fiber plants in all
municipalities that are nest to magey/sisal fibers are the wild banana locally named as
pintok or amosleng, abaca, native pineapple and pandan/faghshan. The fiber yielding
trees that were identified in their common local names are: baleteorkubatree,pakak,
pitikan/anabiong/anadong, bayukan, baloy, alino/alinew, malacapas and apehang
trees, bamboo (kawayanor bolo). The barks of these trees are beaten and woven into
cloth, which were worn by the olden people. The vine plants are: labtang,bantalaan
orbagingey,nito,waka,luay/ogwey/lituko (rattan) and anes. These vines including the
bamboo were made into rope for tying or woven into basket and other uses. however,
most of these plants are already very rare, and mybe considered endangered species
which can be considered in the development of the textile and fiber industry.

The indigenous knowledge on fiber processing reflects the resourcefulness of
the Benguet people. The knowledge and skills on maguey/sisal fiber processing is a
passed on knowledge among families (1950-80’s) though now a dying home industry.
This survey identified more than 10 maguey/sisal processors (rope making) from Bokod
and Kabayan. Documentation showed that these people do not use high technology
machineries in processing maguey but uses the simplest tool they have within their
environment. Most of them have shifted to polypropylene rope making. the itchiness
of maguey and its tedious process prompted these individuals to stop their maguey
processing. There is however, a promising potential for increased propagation and
product diversification considering the suitability of the crop for forest protection and
livelihood source.

Helping the existing processors to revive the maguey fiber industry and to share
and improve their skills is needed. Research and product development of maguey fibers,
fabrication of machine for maguey fiber extraction, wider plantation of maguey and
sisal, and further studies on the identification and possible propagation and processing
of endemic fiber plants are recommended.
Keywords: indigenousknowledgeandpracticesonfiberplantproductionand
processing,fiberplants,endemicfiberplants

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2010, 64: 36-54
Copyright 2006, Benguet State University
KINDS, USES, AND IMPLICATIONS OF WOVEN ETHNIC MATERIALS OF THE
BENGUET PEOPLE
Erlinda B. Alupias, Betty T. Gayao, Dalen T. Meldoz and Jaila S. Sagpa-ey
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

Ethnic clothes and blankets are important elements of the Cordilleran culture. Benguet tribes of the
Northern Philippines have a high regard for the woven ethnic costumes and blankets, as an identity of their
culture. This study aimed to document the historical background of the woven ethnic materials in Benguet
Province, Philippines; the different kinds, uses and implications of these ethnic woven cloths; and the potentials
of improving them.

The different woven ethnic materials of the Benguet tribes are blankets and clothes worn by men and
women. There are two major tribes of Benguet that were considered in this study, the kankana-eys and the Ibalois.
These two tribes have the same attires and clothes but differ in the local term. Major blankets are the pinagpagan,
dili/shendi,kuabaw/sarong,bayaong/kolebaw and bandala/safey. The aladang, which used to be the blanket for
the very rich, is seldom used. Other blankets like manta and adefus are the common ones. The mabli was used
in later years, mostly by the kalanguyas, another Benguet tribe. The different kinds of blanket implies the social
status of the user. The social status can be inherited or acquired and have sub-levels that are determined by the
number of eyes/eyelets embedded in the designs of the blankets.

The women’s costume is a pair of tapis, which is composed of a wrap-around skirt and blouse (kambal or
sambra). There are different kinds of color combinations of the tapis, while the ordinary one is a combination of
the black and white. For the kankana-ey tribes, aside from the common tapis, they also have another design called
lamma. For the men, they wear G-string (kubal/kuval). The Kankana-eys have different kinds of kuba: the baa,
binoltong,pillac,pinangsas and sinulaman. The Ibaloi’skuval are the pinangsas/padasan and donas. The kind of
clothing worn by the men and women must also correspond with the blanket used, which implies the social status
of the user. Originally, these clothings were used for casual wears by their ancestors. At the time of the study, they
are used during special occasions, rituals and festivals.

Benguet cloth is generally composed of red, black and white colors. The figures embedded in the
pinagpagan blankets are X or the shield, man, snake, and the eye-like design. Generally, the kind of cloth that
they use especially for ritual offerings is inherited, meaning they follow what was used by their ancestors during
their time. The exact meanings or implications of the designs and patterns of the ethnic cloths are not fully
understood by the Benguet elders interviewed. Their perception is that if the cloths have better quality and have
more complicated design, and with brighter colors, it is more expensive. This implies wealth and/or prestige for
those who were able to buy and use it in the early days.

To sustain the cultural identity, there is a great potentaial in improving the ethnic woven materials to cope
with the new trends of lifestyle/fashion. It is good to note that the uses of the native blankets and attires transcend
from merely for ceremonial but also into other purposes. At present, gowns out of native cloth, decorations, and
modified attires are out in the market. Different products like poncho/vest, dress, gowns, table runners and clothes
patterned from the original designs and motif of native attires are available in the markets.
Keywords: wovenethnicmaterials/costumes/clothes,CAR

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INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

(Abridged/improved from the editorial policies of the Benguet State University)
1. All manuscripts must be the result of research activities (technical or social) that are relevant to the development
thrust of the University and should not have been published elsewhere.
2. Acceptance of manuscript is on the basis of the review and approval by a corps of technical editors and selected
referees.
3. Original photos should be submitted in PNG or JPEG format with corresponding captions.
4. The manuscript should not exceed 40 pages, typed double spaced in 12-point Times New Roman on one side of
81/2” paper with margins of 3.81 cm on the left and 2.54 cm top, right and bottom and must be submitted in hard
and electronic copy via bsupublications@gmail.com using MS Word Program.
5. The manuscript should be organized in the following order: (a) Title; (b) Authors/s; (c) Authors/s position;
(d) Abstract; (e) Introduction; (f) Materials and Methods; (g) Results and Discussion; (h) Conclusions and
Recommendations; (i) Acknowledgment, optional; and (j) Literature Cited ; and written all centered.
6. The title should be a precise and concise description of the contents of the manuscripts without abbreviations and
typed in upper case. If the paper is a portion of a larger manuscript, which shall be serialized and will be indicated
in a superscript followed by a brief explanation.
7. The author(s) name(s) is/are written in this way: initial letter for the middle names only, first and family names in
full and typed in title case. Senior author comes first in case of more than one author.
8. The abstract must be 200 words or less, summarizing the main points of the articles.
9. The introduction should contain scope and statement of the problem, brief survey of previous work and objectives
and importance of the study.
10. Citations in the text follows the name and year system, e. g.
Single Author:

(Adeyemo, 2010), Yeo (2009) or Boquiren (n.d.)
Two Authors:

Pladio and Villasenor (2004), (Pladio and Villasenor, 2004)
More than Two Authors:

Folbre et al. (2011) or (Folbre et al., 2011).
11. Materials and methods should describe very concisely but comprehensively the materials used, techniques, and
lay-out of the research.
12. Scientific names and other foreign expressions such as insitu, et al., i.e., and other similar expressions are italicized.
Technical terms, abbreviations and acronyms must be defined.
13. In abbreviating or using acronyms, the System International-Units (SI) of the metric system should be followed.
Such abbreviations or acronyms should be written first in full before the truncated terms in parenthesis, e.g. thin-
layer chromatography (TLC). If this information is given in the abstract, it should be re-identified when mentioned
the first time.
14. The results should be presented logically and in objective way and conclusions stated as valid facts.
15. The discussion of results should lead to interpreting significance and /or possible similarity or discrepancy from
previous findings.

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16. A statement on conflict of interest should be declared by authors before the Acknowledgment section. Where
appropriate, Conflict of Interest statements may be in instances such as:” There are no known conflicts interests
associated with the publication” or “There has been no significant financial support for the work that could have
influenced its outcome.” Whenever appropriate, acknowledgements are made relevant for contributions in terms
of financial and technical support.
17. Literature cited in the text should be indicated as follows: Consolacion (2000) or (Consolacion, 2000); for two
authors, Colting and Maddul (1999) or (Colting and Maddul, 1999); for more than two authors, Bucu et al. (1999)
or (Bucu et al., 1999).
18. Electronic sources must be cited as follows: author (s), year, title, date of retrieval and the complete Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) of the site.
19. Listing of literature cited is by author(s) in alphabetical order. The list contains: author (s), year, title of literature,
publisher, address of publisher, volume and issue numbers and inclusive pages (printed as 1(2):1-9). Names of
authors are typed in upper case: for single author, surname (separated by a comma) first before the initials of the
given and middle names; for multiple authors, surname then initials of senior author followed by initials then
surnames of succeeding authors. Authors are separated by commas.
Single author:
Mondejar, L.A. 1998. Understanding Student Judgments of Teaching Performance: A Conjoint Approach.
Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of the Philippines. Diliman. Quezon City.
Durano, M. 2008. From profit to provisioning: A gender equitable public policy. Development Alternatives
with Women for a New Era. QC: Miriam College.
Eriksen, T. 2001. Small Places, Large Issues. An introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. 2nd ed.
London: Pluto Press.
Two authors:

Hallauer, A. R. and F. O. Miranda. 1980. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. Iowa State University
Press. Ames, Iowa. Pp. 49-52.
Carrasco, C. and M. Serrano. 2011. Lights and Shadows of Household Satellite Accounts: The Case of
Catalonia, Spain. Feminist Economics 17 (2): 68-85. IAFFE: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Crisologo, L. C. and L. Berlage. 2006. Bargaining in rural households: a study of decision on labor market
participation in the Cordillera. The Philippine Review of Economics. 48 (2): 249- 537.
More than two authors:
Linsley, R., J. Franzini, D. Freyburg and G. Tchobanoglous. 1992. Water Resources Engineering. 4th ed.
McGraw-Hill, Inc. New Jersey, USA.Pp. 510-532.
Aguilar, N. O., B. L. Cardenas and M. A. O. Cajano. 2000. Spore and Seed bearing Plants of Mount Pulag,
Benguet, Philippines. Museum of Natural History. UPLB, College, Laguna, Philippines.
Braunstein, E. B., I. P. Van Staveren and D. Tavani. 2011. Embeding care and unpaid work in Macroeconomic
Modelling. A structural Approach. Feminist Economics. 17, 4-31.
20. If necessary, protocols for manuscript preparation can be requested from the Editorial Board.
21. Please see the latest issue of the Journal for concrete details as to format.

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BSU Research Journal No. 75
BSU Research Journal No. 75
VISION
A premier State University in Asia.
MISSION
Development of people imbued with academic excellence, social conscience and productivity; and
actively generating and promoting environment-friendly, useful technologies to improve quality of life.
GOALS
1. Strengthen and sustain a working environment conducive for excellence;
2. Provide quality education that will produce globally competitive and well-rounded graduates;
3. Provide quality and client-responsive research and extension services;
4. Strengthen and enhance institutional capability in generating revenue towards self-reliance
5. Develop and strengthen quality management system towards economy; and
6. Strengthen and expand private public partnership.
PURPOSE
* To provide quality education that will produce globally-competitive graduates;
* To generate and disseminate appropriate knowledge and technologies that will promote sustainable
resource development;
* To strengthen and enhance institutional capability in generating revenue towards self-reliance;
* To establish competent and effective services geared towards efficiency and economy; and
* To develop harmonious and cooperative University Community relationships.
Benguet State University
RESEARCH JOURNAL
All communications should be addressed to:
THE EDITOR
BSU Research Journal
Benguet State University
La Trinidad 2601 Benguet, Philippines
Telefax: (+6374) 422-5547
Emailaddress: bsupublications@gmail.com
Website: www.bsu.edu.ph
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