BIBLIOGRAPHY DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013. Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (
Pisum
sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Benguet State University Experimental Station from
November 2012 to February 2013 to evaluate the growth and seed yield of garden pea
applied with different organic fertilizers; ascertain the most effective organic fertilizer for
garden pea seed production; determine the interaction effect of entries and organic
fertilizer; and determine the profitability of seed production of garden pea applied with
organic fertilizers.
Based on the results of the study, among the garden pea entries evaluated, DK-30
and Lapad were moderately resistant to powdery mildew. However, Semi-chinese had the
highest total of yield and DK-30 has a lowest total of yield. Garden pea entries applied with
Azolla Compost had the tallest plant height, longest pod and seed. There is no interaction
effect of garden pea and application of different organic fertilizers. Moreover, applications
of different organic fertilizers recorded positive ROCE except Chinese entry. Therefore,
application of different organic fertilizers is not profitable.
Overall, Semi-chinese showed the best performance in producing seeds, and Vermi
compost was the best fertilizer to be applied.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
INTRODUCTION
Garden pea (
Pisum sativum L.) which is grown extensively in tropical areas is
harvested for its green pods and seeds. The crop has high demand and a top money making
vegetable in the Philippines (Swiader and Ware, 2002). It is also adapted and commercially
grown very well in Benguet where the climate is cold throughout the year.
Due to its importance to the vegetable industry, PCARRD-DOST identified sweet
pea among others, as a priority crop under the National Vegetables R and D Program
(PCARRD-DOST, 2003). However, there is a limited supply of seed to use for the next
cropping season; therefore, farmers rely on imported seeds. Another problem that limits
garden pea production is the cost of commercial fertilizers which may result to soil acidity
and decreased fertility if used in excess (Edwin, 2003).
Producing seeds locally will definitely provide a way to lessen farmer’s expenses
while use of organic fertilizers will minimize or even eliminate the problems of soil
infertility and low productivity (Swerdt, 2003).
Many farmers are now growing crops organically especially legumes. The reason
why farmers are shifting to growing crops organically is the concern about the effect of
synthetic chemicals on health soil quality and conservation (Milioti, 2010).
Thus, selection of garden pea varieties applied with different organic fertilizers is a
good start in increasing garden pea production while conserving soil quality (Dela Cruz,
2004). Farmers will also be able to produce more seeds that can be used for the next
cropping season. The use of good quality seeds is of paramount importance in garden pea
production (Mabazza, 1997).
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
This study aims to find out the performance of different varieties of garden pea
grown under organic production.
Specifically, the study aims to:
1. determine the growth and seed yield of garden pea applied with organic
fertilizers;
2. ascertain the most effective organic fertilizer for garden pea seed production;
3. determine the interaction effect of entries and organic fertilizers; and,
4. determine the profitability of seed production of garden pea applied with organic
fertilizers.
This study was conducted from November 2012 to February 2013 at Benguet State
University, Experimental Station Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Effect of Organic Fertilizer
Using organic fertilizer is a main concept in building organic soil, a key to
successful organic gardening and farming. Organic fertilizers do not contain synthesized
chemicals. Application of organic fertilizers is one of the favoured methods of rejuvenating
depleted soils and sustaining fertility levels. In mature soils, crops respond more to the
addition of organic fertilizers than of chemical fertilizers (PCARRD, 1999).
Guerzon (2002) found that application of compost and farm manure enhanced the
physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. These effects are comprehensive
and extremely complex. Organic residues release essential nutrients faster by microbial
decomposition when their ration of organic carbon to total nitrogen is wider of about 20%
(Ebbes, 2000).
Alnus Compost
According to Ebbes (2000) alnus compost was also used as soil conditioner in
replacement of the farmer’s practice of applying chicken dung, to determine its effect
against club root on cabbage under greenhouse conditions. Results of the study showed
that plants without club root applied with alnus compost at the rate of 6 tons per hectare
appear to be the tallest. In potato, it was found out that 6 tons per hectare of alnus compost
applied to the soil had the least black scurf population.
Azolla Compost
Use of azolla compost enhances biological activities, improves physio-chemical
conditions and subsequently from the soil underneath. National Azolla Action Program
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
(1991) reported that azolla either dried or decomposed should be mixed with the soil to
improve its deficiency as a fertilizer. If utilized as organic fertilizer for vegetable it is best
to follow localized application, it should be mixed with the soil at the spot where seedlings
will be planted. According to Masillem (1995) organic matter and pH content of the soil
were improved by the application of azolla and organic fertilizer.
Vermicompost
It is the product of process of composting using various worms, usually red
wigglers, white worms, and earthworms. To create a heterogeneous mixture of
decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicompost
can be mixed directly into the soil or seeped in water and made into a worm tea by mixing
some vermicompost in water. The pH, nutrient, and microbial content of these fertilizers
varies upon the fed to worms. Pulverized limestone or calcium carbonate can be added to
the system to raise the pH (Guerzon, 2002).
Effect of Organic Matter
Donahue (1971), as cited by Mabazza (1997), stated that the organic matter supplies
some or all nutrients needed by growing plants, as well as many hormones and antibiotics.
These nutrients are released in harmony with the needs of plants when environmental
conditions are favourable for rapid growth and the same condition favours a rapid release
of nutrients from the organic matter.
Organic matter when added to the soil have numerous beneficial effect which
include increased soil fertility, balanced supply of nutrients, and build up of organic
materials, their nutrient content and process of decomposition in the soil. Soils with
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
moderate amounts of organic matter are well aggregated and possess good tilt, water
infiltration and retention (PCARRD, 2006).
In addition, it is essential in building and maintaining good soil structure, especially
in fine textured soils. It increases cation capacity, serves as reservoir for soil nitrogen, and
improves water relations that supplying nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur to the crop
(Alconaba, 1997).
Importance of Organic Fertilizer on the Soil
According to Balaoing as cited by Kudan (1999), there are basic processes in
decomposition. First is to convert organic materials into soil humus: second, the organic
materials are partly decomposed and converted by microorganisms; third, soil animals
contribute considerably to the decomposition of organic materials through their activities;
and fourth, certain additives such as soil, lime, fertilizer and microorganisms can help
speed up conversion and improve the final product.
Using organic fertilizer has many beneficial effects on the physiological, biological
and chemical properties of soil. It enhances plant growth, yield and quality. The soil
structure, water-holding capacity, aeration are improved and soil temperature increases
(Kinoshita,1970).
Seed Production
As mentioned by Joseph and George (1978), good seeds must have high vitality. A high
percentage of germination is essential to effective production. Charles-Edwards
(1982) described the production of seed yield very simply as the production of dry matter
by a crop community and the partitioning or allocation of some portion of the dry matter
to the harvested fraction, for purposes, the seed.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 225 square meters was thoroughly cleaned and prepared. The area was
divided into 3 blocks containing 15 plots each measuring 1 meter by 5 meters.
The study was laid out using the split-plot design and was replicated three times.
Two to three seeds were sown in each hill to a depth of 2-5 cm with the distance of
30 cm between hills and 25 cm between rows. All other recommended cultural practices
such as weeding, irrigation and pest control were done to maintain good growth of the
plants.
Treatments
The treatments were:
Main Plot: Fertilizer (F)
F1 – Azolla Compost
F2 – Alnus Compost
F3 – Vermi Compost
Sub Plot: Garden Pea Entries (G)
Code
Entry
G1
Chinese
G2
DK-30
G3
Semi-chinese
G4
Taichung
G5
Lapad
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Data Gathered
The following data were gathered:
1. Meteorological data. The temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine
duration were taken from the Benguet State University Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) Agronomical
Meteorological Station.
2. Soil analysis. Soil samples were taken before planting and after harvesting Soil
pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was analyzed by the Department
of Agriculture, Regional Field Unit I, San Fernando City, La Union.
3. Number of days from planting to emergence. This was taken by counting the
number of days from planting to the time when 80% of the seed sown will emerge.
4. Number of days from planting to flowering. This was taken when at least 50%
of the plants in the plot had fully opened flower.
5. Number of days from planting to harvesting. This was taken by counting the
number of days from planting to harvesting.
6. Final plant height (cm). This was measured after the last harvest from the sample
plants in each treatment from ground level to the tip of the youngest shoot.
7. Pod length (cm). Ten samples were randomly selected from each treatment and
will be measured from the end to the pedicel of the pod.
8. Length of seed (mm). The length of seed was measured at harvest using 10
sample seeds selected at random.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
9. Weight of two hundred seeds (g). The weight of 200 seeds per treatment was
recorded after five days of continuous sun drying.
10.
Total seed yield per plot (kg/5 sq. m.). This was the total yield of seeds
harvested per plot taken after five days of continuous sundry.
11. Computed seed yield (ton/ha). This was computed by the formula:
Yield (t/ha) = Yield per Plot x 2
Size of Plot
12. Powdery mildew infestation. This was determined by using the following scale
(Teng, 1987):
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
no damage
highly resistant
2
1-25% infection
mildly resistant
3
26-50% infection
moderately resistant
4
51-75% infection
moderately susceptible
5
76-100% infection
very susceptible
13. Leaf miner infestation. This was determined by using the following scale (Teng,
1987):
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
no damage
highly resistant
2
1-25% infestation
mildly resistant
3
26-50% infestation
moderately resistant
4
51-75% infestation
moderately susceptible
5
76-100% infestation
very susceptible
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
14. Return on investment (%). This was computed by using the formula:
ROI = Gross Income-Production Cost x 100
Production Cost
Data Analysis
The data gathered were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Split
plot Design with three replications in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The
significance of difference among the treatment was tested using the Duncan’s Multiple
Range Test (DMRT).
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological Data
The temperature, amount of rainfall, sunshine duration and relative humidity during
the conduct of the study from November 2012 to February 2013 are shown in Table 1.
Temperature range from 13.70C to 24.30C, amount of rainfall is 1.41mm to 0.10mm,
sunshine duration also range from 12258 min during November to 10634 min in February
while relative humidity is 70% to 84%.
Garden pea grows best in areas with temperatures between 100C-180C. In addition,
Ware and Swiader (2002) reported that the growth of garden pea is generally affected by
temperature, humidity and soil conditions. Different varieties may respond to the climate,
which involve temperature, moisture and light. Thus, the observed agrometeorological data
was favorable for garden pea production.
Table 1.Temperature, amount of rainfall, sunshine duration and relative humidity from
November 2012 to February 2013
MONTH
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
RELATIVE
(oC)
AMOUNT
DURATION
HUMUDITY
Min Max
(mm)
(min)
(%)
November
15.20 24.20
1.41
12258
80
December
14.50 24.20
0.10
11710
84
January
18.30 23.70
0.50
11162
80
February
13.70 24.30
0.10
10634
70
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Soil Analysis
Table 2 shows the pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content
of the soil. Soil pH before experiment was 5.28 and increased to 5.63 after the experiment
which favours the growth of garden pea. Purseglove (1972) stated that the garden pea
grows best in soil pH range 5.5 to 6.0 that is friable, fertile, well drained and free from
pests and diseases. The percent organic matter before planting was 2.0% and increased to
2.5% after planting. When applied with azolla and vermi compost the nitrogen content on
the other has (0.15%) and decreased from 0.10% after harvesting. The phosphorus and
potassium contents of the soil considerably increased after the experiment clearly showing
that azolla, alnus and vermi compost are very good sources of the two elements.
Table 2. Soil physical properties before and after harvesting
pH
ORGANIC NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM
MATTER
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(%)
Before Planting 5.28
2.00
0.15
265
152
After
Harvesting
5.63
2.50
0.10
490
332
With Azolla
5.49
2.00
0.10
485
307
With Alnus
5.66
2.50
0.15
530
385
With Vermi
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Figure 1. Land preparation and application of different organic fertilizers
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Figure 2. Planting of garden pea entries applied with different organic fertilizer
Days from Planting to Emergence
Effect of fertilizer .There was no significant differences on the number of days from
planting to emergence observed among the garden pea entries applied with different
organic fertilizers (Table 3). The garden pea entries emerged 6 days after planting.
Effect of entry. Most of the garden pea seeds emerged eight days from planting
except Lapad which emerged nine days after planting.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Table 3. Number of days from planting to emergence, flowering and harvesting of five
garden pea entries applied with different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM PLANTING TO
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
HARVESTING
Fertilizers (F)
Azolla
8
37
196
Alnus
8
37
196
Vermi
8
37
196
Entries (E)
Chinese
8
39
188
DK-30
8
33
208
Semi-chinese
8
41
183
Taichung
8
37
196
Lapad
9
35
203
F x E
ns
ns
ns
CVf (%)
1.82
0.40
0.80
CVe (%)
1.82
0.40
0.80
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect of garden pea entries and
application of different organic fertilizers on the number of days from planting to
emergence was noted.
Days from Planting to Flowering
Effect of fertilizer. There was no significant differences on the number of days
from planting to flowering. All plants applied with different organic fertilizers uniformly
started to flower at 37 days from planting (Table 3).
Effect of entry. Statistically there were no significant differences observed on the
number of days from planting to flowering. However, DK-30 produced the first flower at
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
2-8 days eralies than the other entries emplying that it is an early maturing variety. This
means that the variety will be used to take advantage of better prices when planted at the
right time.
Interaction effect. No interaction effect was observed between the garden pea
entries and application of different organic fertilizers on the number of days from planting
to flowering.
Days from Planting to Harvesting
Effect of fertilizer. There were no significant differences on the number of days
from planting to harvesting the different organic fertilizers used (Table 3). The garden pea
plants were harvested at 196 days from planting.
Effect of entry. No significant differences observed among the garden pea entries
but Semi-chinese was harvested at least 5-15 days earlies than the others. This alone makes
Semi-chinese a variety with a very good potential for garden pea seed production. It could
be considered an early maturing variety.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was observed between the
garden pea entries and the application of different organic fertilizers on the number of days
from planting to harvesting.
Plant Height
Effect of fertilizer. There were no significant differences on plant height (Table 4).
Mean height range from 115.87 to 117.31 cm.
Effect of entry. There was a significant difference observed on the plant height of
garden pea entries. Entry Taichung is significantly taller compared to other garden pea
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Table 4.Plant height of five garden pea entries applied with different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
Fertilizers (F)
Azolla
117.31
Alnus
115.87
Vermi
116.71
Entries (E)
Chinese
115.87b
DK-30
116.36b
Semi-chinese
117.47b
Taichung
120.09a
Lapad
113.37b
F x E
ns
CVf (%)
3.19
CVe (%)
4.07
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using
DMRT.
entries of 120.09 cm. These differences in height were may be due to the genetic make-up
of entries.
Interaction effect. There was no interaction effect of garden pea entries and
application of different organic fertilizers of garden pea.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Pod and Seed Length
Effect of fertilizer. Statistically, result showed that there were no significant
differences was observed on the pod and seed length of the garden pea entries applied with
different organic fertilizers (Table 5). This emplies that this character is more of genetics
rather than environmental factors.
Effect of entry. There were significant differences observed on pod length and seed
of the garden pea entries. Entry Lapad and semi-chinese had the significantly longest pod
and seed with 7.07cm and 67.33mm and 6.94 cm and 67.22mm. On the seed length,
Chinese, DK-30 and Taichung had shortest pod of garden pea entries. This result
Table 5.Pod and seed length and length of seed of the five garden pea entries applied with
different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
LENGTH OF
POD (cm)
SEED (mm)
Fertilizers (F)
Azolla
6.72
66.80
Alnus
6.66
65.53
Vermin
6.68
65.73
Entries (E)
Chinese
6.36b
64.89b
DK-30
6.50b
65.22b
Semi-chinese
6.94a
67.22a
Taichung
6.57b
65.44b
Lapad
7.07a
67.33a
F x E
ns
Ns
CVf (%)
5.94%
4.34%
CVe (%)
4.77%
5.39%
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using
DMRT.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
does not actually mean that Lapad is better than the others since consumers prefer the
shorter and narrower type.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction effect on the garden pea
entries and application of different organic fertilizers observed on the pod and seed length
of garden pea.
DK-30
CHINESE
…..LAPAD
Figure 3. Pod length of garden pea applied with different organic fertilizers
Figure 4. Length of seeds of garden pea applied with different organic fertilizers
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Figure 5. Weight of 200 seeds applied with different organic fertilizers
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Reaction to Leaf Miner
Effect of fertilizer. There was no significant differences on the reaction to leaf
miner observed among the garden pea entries applied with different organic fertilizers.
Effect of entry. Most of the garden pea entries were mildly resistant of leaf miner
except Lapad which is moderately resistant to leaf miner (Table 6).
Table 6.Reaction to leaf miner and powdery mildew infestation of five garden pea entries
applied with different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
REACTION TO
LEAF MINER
POWDERY MILDEW
Fertilizers (F)
Azolla
Mildly resistant
Moderately resistant
Alnus
Mildly resistant
Moderately resistant
Vermi
Mildly resistant
Moderately resistant
Entries (E)
Chinese
Mildly resistant
Mildly resistant
DK-30
Moderately resistant
Moderately resistant
Semi-chinese
Mildly resistant
Moderately resistant
Taichung
Mildly resistant
Moderately resistant
Lapad
Moderately resistant
Mildly resistant
F x E
Ns
ns
CVf (%)
6.15
5.68
CVb (%)
6.15
5.68
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect of garden pea entries and
application of different organic fertilizers on the reaction of leaf miner of garden pea.
Reaction to Powdery Mildew
Effect of fertilizer. There was no significant differences on the reaction of powdery
mildew were observed among the garden pea entries applied with different organic
fertilizers.
Effect of entry. Most of the garden pea entries had moderate resistant to powdery
mildew except. Chinese and Lapad entries were mildly resistant.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect of garden pea entries and
application of different organic fertilizers on the reaction of powdery mildew.
Total and Computed Yield
Effect of fertilizer. There was no significant differences observed on the total and
computed yield of the garden pea applied with different organic fertilizers.
Effect of entry. There were significant differences among the garden pea entries on
total and computed yield. Semi-chinese entry significantly exhibited the highest yield
compared to other entries showed the lowest yield. This result is may be due to the high
percentage of germination.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction effect on the garden pea
entries and application of different organic fertilizers on the yield of garden pea.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Weight of 200 seeds
Effect of fertilizer. There was no significant differeces on the weight of 200 sample
seeds observed among the garden pea entries applied with different organic fertilizers
(Table 7) Garden pea weighted 32g of both different treatments.
Effect of entry. Statistically, results showed that most of the garden pea entries
weighted 30 g except Semi-chinese and Lapad which is 35 g.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect of garden pea entries and
application of different organic fertilizers on the weight of 200 seeds of garden pea.
Table 7.Total and computed yield of seed of five garden pea entries applied with
different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
TOTAL YIELD
COMPUTED
WEIGHT OF
(g/5m2)
YIELD(t/ha)
200 SEEDS (g)
Fertilizers (F)
Azolla
131.00
0.261
32
Alnus
115.00
0.231
32
Vermi
134.00
0.267
32
Entries (E)
Chinese
93.00b
0.186b
30
DK-30
99.00b
0.199b
30
Semi-chinese
203.00a
0.407a
35
Taichung
132.00b
0.264b
30
Lapad
105.00a
0.210a
35
F x E
ns
ns
ns
CVf (%)
0.0%
12.59%
0.47
CVe (%)
18.53%
18.53%
0.47
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using
DMRT.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE)
The return on cash expenses of garden pea entries applied with different organic
fertilizers as shown in Table 9. Entries applied with the different compost showed positive
return on cash expenses except the Chinese entry. The application of the different organic
fertilizers on Semi-chinese realized the highest ROCE of 132.87 to 138.60%. The Chinese
entry obtained a negative ROCE in all the orgnic fertilizers applied with -62.67 to -55.20%.
Table 8.Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE) of five garden pea entries applied with
different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT MARKETABLE
GROSS
TOTAL
NET
ROCE
SEEDS
SALE
EXPENSES INCOME
(%)
(kg/5m2)
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
F1
Chinese
0.30
68.40
152.67
-84.27
-55.20
DK-30
0.37
222.00
152.67
69.33
45.41
Semi-chinese 0.59
354.00
152.67
201.33
132.87
Taichung
0.41
246.00
152.67
93.33
61.13
Lapad
0.30
174.00
152.67
21.33
13.97
Mean
39.44
F2
Chinese
0.27
61.56
142.00
-80.44
-56.65
DK-30
0.25
150.00
142.00
8.00
5.63
Semi-chinese 0.56
336.00
142.00
194.00
136.62
Taichung
0.33
198.00
142.00
56.00
39.44
Lapad
0.33
191.40
142.00
49.40
34.79
Mean
31.97
F3
Chinese
0.28
63.84
171.00
-107.16
-62.67
DK-30
0.29
174.00
171.00
3.00
1.75
Semi-chinese 0.68
408.00
171.00
237.00
138.60
Taichung
0.45
270.00
171.00
99.00
57.89
Lapad
0.32
185.60
171.00
14.00
8.19
Mean
28.75
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Seed yield of five garden pea entries applied with different organic fertilizers was
conducted in La Trinidad, Benguet in an open field condition from November 2012 to
February 2013. The study aimed to determine the growth and seed yield of garden pea
applied with different organic fertilizers; ascertain the most effective organic fertilizer for
garden pea seed production; determine the interaction effect of entries and organic
fertilizers; and determine the profitability of seed production of garden pea applied with
organic fertilizers.
There were no significant differences observed among garden pea entries applied
with different organic fertilizers. Among the fertilizers applied, the Azolla compost had the
tallest plant height, longest pod and seed length. On the other hand, Vermi compost had
the highest total and computed yield. All entries have mildly resistant to leaf miner and
moderately resistant to powdery mildew.
There were significant differences observed among the garden pea entries. Semi-
chinese is significantly taller compared to all entries. Lapad had significantly longest pod
and seed length followed by Semi-chinese. Semi-chinese produced the highest total and
computed yield. Chinese and Lapad are mildly resistant to leaf miner and powdery mildew
infestation.
On the interaction effect, there were no significantly differences among the garden
pea entries and application of different organic fertilizers.
All entries applied with different organic fertilizers have a positive ROCE except
Chinese. This result is may be due to the low seed yield produced.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
Conclusions
Based on findings, Taichung had the tallest plants while semi-chinese had the
highest ROCE. Therefore, application of Azolla, Alnus and Vermi compost increased plant
height, net income and ROCE.
There is no interaction effect of garden pea entries and application of different
organic fertilizers on seed yield of garden pea.
Recommendations
From the results of the study, entries Taichung is recommended in terms of plant
height and yield. But, in terms of yield, Semi-chinese is the best entry and the Vermi
compost is the best fertilizer to be applied.
Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013
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Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
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Seed Yield of Five Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Entries Applied with Different Organic
Fertilizers | DIONGCO, PAMELA G. April 2013