Benguet State University
RESEARCH JOURNAL
ISSN 0117-5297 No. 67b

January-June 2012
CONTENTS
RATES OF FORMULATED ORGANIC LIQUID PLANT SUPPLEMENT
FOR CARROT (Daucus carota) GROWN IN FARM UNDER CONVERSION
TO ORGANIC PRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

C. P. Laurean and A. L. Nagpala
TIME USE STUDY: EXPLORING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN WELL BEING
AND CLIMATE CHANGE, A CASE STUDY OF FARMING COMMUNITIES
IN NORTHERN PHILIPPINES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-33

R. S. Batani
MILK FEEDING PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE ON BREASTFEEDING
AMONG NURSING EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT
OFFICES IN BAGUIO CITY & LA TRINIDAD, BENGUET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34-45

I. P. Olatic-Degay
CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANT
EXTRACTS USING THE ALLIUM TEST.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46-60

E.T. Dom-Ogen & L.G. Lirio
PHYTONUTRIENT ANALYSES OF PANAWIL
(Leptosalena Haenkei, C. Presl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61-68

J.N. Paing & L.P. Pladio
BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY
La Trinidad 2601 Benguet
Philippines

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All communications should be addressed to:
THE EDITOR
BSU Research Journal
Benguet State Univeristy
La Trinidad, Benguet 2601, Philippines
Telefax:( +6374) 422-5547
Email address: bsupublications@gmail.com or
repo@bsu.edu.ph
Website: www.bsu.edu.ph

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Benguet State University
RESEARCH JOURNAL
This multidisciplinary scientific journal publishes selected
papers but not limited to those presented during the
annual Benguet State University Agency In-House Review
(Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, Social and
Education Sectors).

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Editorial Board
EDITOR
Lorenza G. Lirio, Ph.D
Planning and Development Office
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Gilda Victoria B. Jacalan, Ph.D
University Public Affairs Office
Lay-out Artist/ Circulation Assistant
Marie Fe B. Wance
Office of the Vice President for Research and Extension
Proofreaders
Ammie S. Dayao
Herman B. Danis
TECHNICAL EDITORS
Janet S. Luis, Ph.D
(Benguet State University)
Lily Ann D. Lando, Ph.D (World Fish, Philippines)
Teodora D. Balangcod, Ph.D
(University of the Philippines, Baguio City)
Nancy Bantog, Ph.D
(Department of Science and Technology, CAR)
Yumiko Yamamoto,
(Japan)
EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS
Luciana M. Villanueva, Ph.D
Vice President for Research and Extension
Ben D. Ladilad, Ph.D, Ph.D
University President

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2012, 67b: 1-12
Copyright 2012, Benguet State University
RATES OF FORMULATED ORGANIC LIQUID PLANT SUPPLEMENTS FOR
CARROT (Daucus carota) GROWN IN FARM UNDER CONVERSION
TO ORGANIC PRODUCTION
Carlito P. Laurean, Asuncion L. Nagpala
College of Agriculture
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to develop nutrient management strategies for carrot
in farms under conversion to organic production. Specifically, the study determined: 1)
the effects of formulated organic liquid plant supplements on the growth and yield of
carrot in farm under conversion to organic production, 2) the best rate of the formulated
organic liquid plant supplements for the production of carrot in farm under conversion to
organic production, and 3) the effects of the formulated organic liquid plant supplements
on some physical and chemical properties of the soil in farm under conversion to organic
production. The effect of the different rates of formulated organic liquid plant supplements
on carrot grown in a farm under conversion to organic production differed significantly
in terms of the marketable and total yield of carrots. Application of formulated organic
liquid plant supplements at the rate of 70:20:10, 20:70:10, and 10:20:70 during seedling,
vegetative, and root bulking stage, respectively, produced the highest marketable and
total yield. Application of formulated organic liquid plant supplements significantly
affected the organic matter and total nitrogen content of the soil in farm under conversion
to organic production wherein the rate 80:10:10 (SS)/ 10:80:10 (VS)/ 10:10:80 (RB)
resulted to the highest organic matter content of the soil after harvest. The application of
formulated organic liquid plant supplements at different rates did not differ significantly
in terms of plant height, insect pest infestation, and powdery mildew infection, soil bulk
density, soil pH, available phosphorus content and potassium content.

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2012, 67b: 13-33
Copyright 2012, Benguet State University
TIME USE STUDY EXPLORING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN WELL BEING
AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF FARMING COMMUNITIES
IN NORTHERN PHILIPPINES
Ruth S. Batani
Institute of Social Research and Development
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

The study looked at the work and well-being of women and their households
in selected communities in the Cordillera Region., Northern Philippines. It employed
gender analysis of paid and unpaid work using time use framework. Using time use
diary and stylized time use questionnaire, coupled with focus group discussions and
indepth interviews, finding shows that households are continuously exposed to health
and well-being risks and heightening ‘unpaid work’ scenarios which extends to the bigger
community through rendering of voluntary service. A detailed picture of how members
of a household spend their time during the day is revealing of gender disparity. Another
area where gender difference is aparent is in terms of leisure time. Leisure for women
also means doing simultaneous work. The ‘integrative’ roles played by women- is that
they are to assume roles that are ‘voluntary’ to enable the continuity of survival inside
and outside the homes. Women consistently figure on taking on the responsibility of
community care. Overall, certain climatic changes poses constraints and limitations
to households. Crops planted by these farming communities are highly vulnerable to
climate changes. It is also an area where women’s resilience are negotiated but at the
same time where women’s vulnerabilities are heightened. The understanding of these
complexities of a ‘normalized’ and ignored situation calls for a framework that do not
take out the women’s work in the farm in isolation from the work women perform at
home and in the community. These findings unpack layers of unpaid work yet necessary
activities to sustaining lives of households and communities.
Keywords: Climate change, perceptions, level of awareness, academe, survey

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2012, 67b: 34-45
Copyright 2012, Benguet State University
MILK FEEDING PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE ON BREASTFEEDING
AMONG NURSING EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT OFFICES
IN BAGUIO CITY & LA TRINIDAD, BENGUET
Imelda P. Olatic-Degay
College of Home Economics & Technology,
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to determine the milk feeding practices and level
of knowledge of the mother respondents on breastfeeding. A cross sectional survey was
done among 87 nursing mothers in nine regional offices in the Cordillera Administrative
Region, one from the academe and three from local government units in La Trinidad
and Baguio City. While a few mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding, mix feeding,
which is, a combination of breast and bottle feeding, prevailed as the dominant milk
feeding practice. The primary factor considered in selecting the feeding method was
the child’s health. Breastfeeding was initiated few hours after birth while bottle and
mix feeding were initiated at varied times implying initial practice of breastfeeding.
Cessation of milk feeding varied from a few months after birth to as long as 24 months
or even beyond. Most nursing mothers are very knowledgeable on many aspects of
breastfeeding. Breastfeeding within work hours is usually not achieved due to heavy
workload and distance from home among breastfeeding mothers. Conversely, bottle
and mix feeding are challenged by the expensive cost of infant formulas and painful
breast due to engorgement arising from incomplete emptying of breasts. Hence, most
breastfeeding mothers enjoy extended and compensable break time. One of the identified
problems for complete breastfeeding among nursing mothers is that few workplaces
have the comfort of lactation rooms or child care center.. Most nursing mothers who
practice bottle feeding felt that they do not enjoy the benefits of being a mother at all.
Common perceived needs range from extended maternity leave, breastfeeding periods
during work hours, and provision of lactation rooms. The enhancement of breastfeeding
campaigns and implementation of all the provisions of the Expanded Breastfeeding Act
of 2009 (RA 10028) by all stakeholders may encourage more mothers to breastfeed.

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2012, 67b: 46-60
Copyright 2012, Benguet State University
CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS USING
THE Allium TEST
Elizabeth T. Dom-ogen and Lorenza G. Lirio
Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

Conducted from April to July 2009 this study determined the effect of the hot
water extracts of medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Plantago major, Sarcandra glabra
and Smallanthus sonchifolia on the cells of the Allium cepa L. root tips particularly
on mitotic index, found out the possible cytological effects of the extracts on the
occurrence of chromosome abnormalities, and determined the effects of the extracts
on the gross morphological parameters of the roots.Onion root tips treated with C.
asiatica, P. major, S. glabra and S. sonchifolia, plant leaf extracts showed high mitotic
indices in the metaphase stage, 101.3%, 113.0%, 139.0% and 144.7%, respectively.
Cells failed to divide at telophase as proven by mitotic index, 28.0% (C. asiatica),
and 27.7% (P. major), 26.0% (S. glabra) and 18.3% (S. sonchifolia) respectively
compared to the control with 49.3% indicating inhibition of cell division. Likewise,
the plant extract-treated onion cells exhibited some abnormalities in the chromosomes
such as: c metaphase or c-mitosis in S. sonchifolia, S. glabra and P. major-treated
cells; and anaphase chromosome bridges in C. asiatica-treated cells. Extracts from C.
asiatica and P. major showed lower degree of cytotoxicity as compared to that of S.
glabra and S. sonchifolia. Comparing with the normal cell growth and development
in the control (distilled water), macroscopic abnormalities were also observed such
as root swellings or c-tumor in C. asiatica-treated root.

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Benguet State University Research Journal (BRJ) January-June 2012, 67b: 61-68
Copyright 2012, Benguet State University
PHYTONUTRIENT ANALYSES OF PANAWIL
(Leptosalena Haenkei, C. PRESL)
Joyce N. Paing and Louisa P. Pladio
College of Arts and Sciences,
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT

Panawil (Leptosolena haenkei C. Presl) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae
which is endemic to Northern Luzon, Philippines. It thrives in cluster in a very specific
area of Benguet and Mountain Province. The phytonutrient analyses revealed that the
indigenous vegetable panawil is a rich source of phytochemicals. These include the
terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, total phenolics, and antioxidants. The minerals found
are phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc while are vitamins A (β-carotene) and C
(ascorbic acid). With the observed many phytochemicals, the panawil plant is a rich
source of phytonutrients. Phytonutrient analyses of the plant samples collected from
different parts of Benguet and Mountain Province reveal that there is no significant
difference. On the other hand, there is a high significant difference on vitamin C of
panawil both from Benguet and Mountain Province.

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INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

(Abridged/improved from the editorial policies of the Benguet State University)
1. All manuscripts must be the result of research activities (technical or social) that are relevant to the development
thrust of the University and should not have been published elsewhere.
2. Acceptance of manuscript is on the basis of the review and approval by a corps of technical editors and selected
referees.
3. Original photos should be submitted in PNG or JPEG format with corresponding captions.
4. The manuscript should not exceed 40 pages, typed double spaced in 12-point Times New Roman on one side of
81/2” paper with margins of 3.81 cm on the left and 2.54 cm top, right and bottom and must be submitted in hard
and electronic copy via bsupublications@gmail.com using MS Word Program.
5. The manuscript should be organized in the following order: (a) Title; (b) Authors/s; (c) Authors/s position;
(d) Abstract; (e) Introduction; (f) Materials and Methods; (g) Results and Discussion; (h) Conclusions and
Recommendations; (i) Acknowledgment, optional; and (j) Literature Cited ; and written all centered.
6. The title should be a precise and concise description of the contents of the manuscripts without abbreviations and
typed in upper case. If the paper is a portion of a larger manuscript, which shall be serialized and will be indicated
in a superscript followed by a brief explanation.
7. The author(s) name(s) is/are written in this way: initial letter for the middle names only, first and family names in
full and typed in title case. Senior author comes first in case of more than one author.
8. The abstract must be 200 words or less, summarizing the main points of the articles.
9. The introduction should contain scope and statement of the problem, brief survey of previous work and objectives
and importance of the study.
10. Citations in the text follows the name and year system, e. g.
Single Author:

(Adeyemo, 2010), Yeo (2009) or Boquiren (n.d.)
Two Authors:

Pladio and Villasenor (2004), (Pladio and Villasenor, 2004)
More than Two Authors:

Folbre et al. (2011) or (Folbre et al., 2011).
11. Materials and methods should describe very concisely but comprehensively the materials used, techniques, and
lay-out of the research.
12. Scientific names and other foreign expressions such as in situ, et al., i.e., and other similar expressions are italicized.
Technical terms, abbreviations and acronyms must be defined.
13. In abbreviating or using acronyms, the System International-Units (SI) of the metric system should be followed.
Such abbreviations or acronyms should be written first in full before the truncated terms in parenthesis, e.g. thin-
layer chromatography (TLC). If this information is given in the abstract, it should be re-identified when mentioned
the first time.
14. The results should be presented logically and in objective way and conclusions stated as valid facts.
15. The discussion of results should lead to interpreting significance and /or possible similarity or discrepancy from
previous findings.

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16. A statement on conflict of interest should be declared by authors before the Acknowledgment section. Where
appropriate, Conflict of Interest statements may be in instances such as:” There are no known conflicts interests
associated with the publication” or “There has been no significant financial support for the work that could have
influenced its outcome.” Whenever appropriate, acknowledgements are made relevant for contributions in terms
of financial and technical support.
17. Literature cited in the text should be indicated as follows: Consolacion (2000) or (Consolacion, 2000); for two
authors, Colting and Maddul (1999) or (Colting and Maddul, 1999); for more than two authors, Bucu et al. (1999)
or (Bucu et al., 1999).
18. Electronic sources must be cited as follows: author (s), year, title, date of retrieval and the complete Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) of the site.
19. Listing of literature cited is by author(s) in alphabetical order. The list contains: author (s), year, title of literature,
publisher, address of publisher, volume and issue numbers and inclusive pages (printed as 1(2):1-9). Names of
authors are typed in upper case: for single author, surname (separated by a comma) first before the initials of the
given and middle names; for multiple authors, surname then initials of senior author followed by initials then
surnames of succeeding authors. Authors are separated by commas.
Single author:
Mondejar, L.A. 1998. Understanding Student Judgments of Teaching Performance: A Conjoint Approach.
Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of the Philippines. Diliman. Quezon City.
Durano, M. 2008. From profit to provisioning: A gender equitable public policy. Development Alternatives
with Women for a New Era. QC: Miriam College.
Eriksen, T. 2001. Small Places, Large Issues. An introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. 2nd ed.
London: Pluto Press.
Two authors:

Hallauer, A. R. and F. O. Miranda. 1980. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. Iowa State University
Press. Ames, Iowa. Pp. 49-52.
Carrasco, C. and M. Serrano. 2011. Lights and Shadows of Household Satellite Accounts: The Case of
Catalonia, Spain. Feminist Economics 17 (2): 68-85. IAFFE: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Crisologo, L. C. and L. Berlage. 2006. Bargaining in rural households: a study of decision on labor market
participation in the Cordillera. The Philippine Review of Economics. 48 (2): 249- 537.
More than two authors:
Linsley, R., J. Franzini, D. Freyburg and G. Tchobanoglous. 1992. Water Resources Engineering. 4th ed.
McGraw-Hill, Inc. New Jersey, USA.Pp. 510-532.
Aguilar, N. O., B. L. Cardenas and M. A. O. Cajano. 2000. Spore and Seed bearing Plants of Mount Pulag,
Benguet, Philippines. Museum of Natural History. UPLB, College, Laguna, Philippines.
Braunstein, E. B., I. P. Van Staveren and D. Tavani. 2011. Embeding care and unpaid work in Macroeconomic
Modelling. A structural Approach. Feminist Economics. 17, 4-31.
20. If necessary, protocols for manuscript preparation can be requested from the Editorial Board.
21. Please see the latest issue of the Journal for concrete details as to format.

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BSU Research Journal No. 75
BSU Research Journal No. 75
VISION
A premier State University in Asia.
MISSION
Development of people imbued with academic excellence, social conscience and productivity; and
actively generating and promoting environment-friendly, useful technologies to improve quality of life.
GOALS
1. Strengthen and sustain a working environment conducive for excellence;
2. Provide quality education that will produce globally competitive and well-rounded graduates;
3. Provide quality and client-responsive research and extension services;
4. Strengthen and enhance institutional capability in generating revenue towards self-reliance
5. Develop and strengthen quality management system towards economy; and
6. Strengthen and expand private public partnership.
PURPOSE
* To provide quality education that will produce globally-competitive graduates;
* To generate and disseminate appropriate knowledge and technologies that will promote sustainable
resource development;
* To strengthen and enhance institutional capability in generating revenue towards self-reliance;
* To establish competent and effective services geared towards efficiency and economy; and
* To develop harmonious and cooperative University Community relationships.
Benguet State University
RESEARCH JOURNAL
All communications should be addressed to:
THE EDITOR
BSU Research Journal
Benguet State University
La Trinidad 2601 Benguet, Philippines
Telefax: (+6374) 422-5547
Email address: bsupublications@gmail.com
Website: www.bsu.edu.ph
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