BIBLIOGRAPHY MODESTO, JENNIFER M. APRIL...

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MODESTO, JENNIFER M. APRIL 2010. Growth and Yield of Ten High
Yielding Rice Varieties under Luna, Apayao Condition. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT

Ten high yielding rice varieties were planted and evaluated to identify the best
variety based on the growth, yield, and resistance to stemborer and rice blast and to
determine the profitability of growing HYV’s under Sta. Lina, Luna, Apayao condition.
The ten high yielding rice varieties used includes NSIC Rc 130, NSIC Rc 134,
NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 144, NSIC Rc 146, NSIC Rc 150, NSIC Rc 154,
NSIC Rc 156 and PSB Rc 82 (check variety).
NSIC Rc 150 produced the highest number of productive tillers and obtained the
highest grain yield of 7.8 kg/ 12 m2 or 6.5 tons per hectare and also had the highest return
on cash expenses. NSIC Rc 140 had the heaviest weight of 1000 grains and was resistant
to stemborer.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………... i
Abstract………… ……………………………………………………...
i
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………...
ii

INTRODUCTION …..…………………………………………………...
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………….....................
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………...
9
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Agroclimatic Data...……………...…………………………..........
15
Height of Seedlings One Week
after Transplanting……………………...…………………………
16
Final Height at 86 DAT ………………………..………................
17
Number of Tillers at Maximum
Tillering Stage…………………………………………………….
17
Number of Productive Tillers
per Hill…………………………………….....................................
18
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Tillering………………………………………………………...
19

Number of Days from Transplanting
19
to Booting…………………………………………………………
Number of Days from Booting
to Heading…………………………………………………………
21
Number of Days from Heading
to Ripening…..................................................................................
21
ii

Reaction to Stemborer…………………………………………….
24
Reaction to Blast (Neck Rot)….......................................................
25
Length of Panicle at 86 DAT……………………………………...
25
Number of Filled Grains
per Panicle…………………………………………………….......
25
Number of Unfilled Grains
per Panicle……………………………...........................................
26
Weight of 1000 Filled Grains….………………………………….
28
Yield per 12m2 and per Hectare…………………………………..
28
Return on Cash Expense……………………………………..........
31
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary…………………………………………………………..
32
Conclusions……………………………………………………….
33
Recommendation………………………………………………….
33
LITERATURE CITED …………………………………………………..
34
APPENDICES………………………………………………………........
36

iii

1

INTRODUCTION

Rice is a semi-aquatic plant scientifically known as Oryza sativa Linn. which
belongs to the grass family. It is the staple food item of more than 90% of all Philippine
households and takes up about a quarter of the total food budgets of Filipino families
(Bruce, et.al, 2001).

For many years, rice production in the Philippines can hardly supply the needs of
the rising population and the gap between the rice production and utilization is widening.
Therefore, increase in rice production should be done to lessen the need for importation
and move toward self-sufficiency (Yabes, 2008).

Annual rice production from 2000-2007 had an average growth rate of 3.68%,
with an all time high of 7% in 2004. In 2007, production performance increased to
5.96%. However, these increases can hardly match the rising population’s demand for
rice (Sebastian, et.al, 2008).

According to Yabes (2008), there are two possible ways in which rice production
levels could be increased. One is to increase yield ceiling through the development of
new plant types (NPT) and hybrid rice under optimum crop management and favorable
environment. The other is to narrow the yield gap through improved irrigation and crop
management practices.

The increase of production per unit area is the best solution to meet the demand of
the fast growing population. There is a very slim possibility of expanding the area of rice
field because of the degradation of the environment and the conversion of areas to
industrial and residential areas (Mateo, 2000).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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At present, most rice farmers such as those in Luna, Apayao are looking for a
variety which is high- yielding, have good eating quality and matures early to have more
viable and profitable farms. To this end, the government is helping these rice farmers
through subsidized certified seeds to improve their profit and supply the needs of their
family and the hungry community.

Introducing other varieties especially the newly developed ones, would be a step
towards the right direction. However, these new varieties have to be tested to find out
whether they are adapted to local conditions and can meet the farmer’s preferences.

The result of this study will guide the farmers on what variety is best adapted in
the locality and accordingly help them increase the rice production in the locality.
Farmers can go into planting high yielding varieties providing new income opportunities.
It could also serve as a challenge to farmers already having high yields to attain even
more, because the use of high yielding varieties permits two or three successive cropping.
Increased yield means more income to farmers.

The study aimed to:
1. evaluate the growth and yield of ten high yielding rice varieties in Luna,
Apayao condition;
2. determine the best variety adapted in terms of growth, yield and resistance to
insect pest and diseases in Luna, Apayao condition; and
3. determine the Return on Cash Expense (ROCE) of growing high yielding rice
varieties in Luna, Apayao.

The study was conducted from November 2009 to April 2010 at Barangay Sta.
Lina, Luna, Apayao.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Varietal Evaluation

Varieties may be location- specific in accordance to prevailing environmental
conditions (PhilRice, 2004). Modern varieties have greater yield potential than traditional
varieties even under the best conditions (Vergara, 1992).

Previous variety evaluations have shown differing yield performance. Pablico
(2002) stated that in the wet season test of cold tolerant varieties in La Trinidad, Benguet
in 1995, PJ2 or NSIC Rc 104 was found to produce the highest yield (2.98 tons / hectare)
while Pinidua- the traditional variety planted in Cordillera produced only 1 ton / hectare.
In the succeeding dry season, PJ2 was one of the promising cold tolerant lines in the
preliminary yield trials in Banaue and Benguet with highest yield of 6.59 tons/ hectare
and 5.44 tons/ hectare respectively. In contrast, Gohang or PSB 44 produced only 3.7
tons/ hectare but found to perform well in the study conducted in Tocucan, Bontoc, Mt.
Province in terms of growth and yield (Inchan, 2003).

In the dry season of 1996, PJ2 likewise proved much better than other varieties in
the NCT in 4 sites. It also performed in a farmer’s field which yielded 75% higher than
Pinidua. On the average, the yield of PJ2 is 28.6% higher than that of Gohang in the dry
season and 13.7% in wet season. It showed high yield potential in Benguet and Ifugao
although its yield in Kalinga and Mt. Province is lower, it is much higher than the
traditional varieties. Moreover, it showed better reaction to tungro under field condition
of Kanlaon area in Negros Occidental (Pablico, 2002).

Based on the National Cooperative Test Evaluation, PSB Rc 26H or Magat bested
PSB Rc 4 by 17% and IR 50 by 36% during the dry season. This is recommended
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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primarily for Cagayan and Isabela, although it also performed well in Camarines Sur,
Iloilo, Cotabato, Laguna, Bohol, Masbate, Palawan, Capiz, Pangasinan, Agusan del Sur
and Zamboanga del Sur. Magat obtained an average yield of 5.7 tons/ hectare and its
highest yield was recorded in Maligaya, Nueva Ecija at 11.8 tons/ hectare. It is also
resistant to blast and has intermediate reaction to bacterial leaf blight, rice tungro virus,
yellow stem borer green leafhopper and brown plant hoppers biotypes1, 2 and 3. Another
variety tested was PSB Rc 72H or Mestizo which yielded an average of 6.3 tons/ hectare
and the highest yield of 11.4 tons/ hectare was attained in Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Cotabato,
Aurora and Palawan (DA-PhilRice, 1997).

Evaluating six varieties of rice at Cadtay, Kapangan, Benguet, Holanio (2001)
found that PSB Rc 56 and PSB Rc 34 obtained the highest yield. In addition, PSB Rc 34
also performed well in a varietal research in Tagudtud, Bagulin, La Union with a mean
yield of 4.3t/ha (Itong, 1997).

A variety trial was conducted in Tocucan, Bontoc, Mt. Province. Inchan (2003)
found that among the varieties evaluated, SN-73 and Gohang performed well in terms of
growth and yield. Another evaluation of six rice varieties was conducted in Gusaran,
Kibungan, Benguet where Masegman (2005) found that SN-73, NCT 9 and NSIC 104
showed good performance particularly in terms of number of filled grains, yield and
grains acceptability. On the other hand, the result of the evaluation of high yielding
varieties conducted by Belino (2005) in Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet showed that SN-
73 and Rc 18 showed good performance in terms of grain yield and resistance to stem
borer and rice blast.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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According to Siteng (2005), seven high- yielding varieties were studied at
Kadayakan, Maria Aurora. Results showed that all the entries performed well,
particularly in grain yield in which all entries surpassed the National Average Yield of
3.5 tons/ hectare with SL 8H registering the highest yield of 5.3 tons/ hectare. However, a
farmer observed in Solana, Cagayan that SL 8H is easily attack by diseases during wet
season (Sosimo, 2006).

Among the varieties tested by Cawatig (2007) under Rizal, Kalinga condition,
NSIC 112 and PSB Rc 18 were the best performing. Both had longer panicles, had
greater number of filled grains, higher grain yield and more profitable to produce. NSIC
112 and PSB Rc 18 also showed good performance in Maria Aurora wherein NSIC 112
obtained 4.6 tons/ hectare and PSB Rc 18 yielded 4.8 tons/ hectare (Siteng, 2005).On the
contrary PSB Rc 18 obtained the lowest harvest index and lowest yield with a mean of
0.43 and 1.83 tons/ hectare respectively, under Bugayong, Binalonan, Pangasinan
(Urbano, 2008).

Among all the tests mentioned, PJ2 or NSIC Rc 104 was proven promising cold
tolerant variety because of its good yielding ability in both dry and wet season under
Benguet, Banaue and Mountain Province condition. Also, PSB Rc 26H is recommended
for Cagayan and Isabela, although it performed well in Camarines Sur, Iloilo, Cotabato,
Laguna, Bohol, Masbate, Palawan, Capiz, Pangasinan, Agusan del Sur and Zamboanga
del Sur. PSB Rc 72H performed well in Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Cotabato, Aurora and
Palawan while PSB Rc 34 showed good performance in Kapangan, Benguet and Bagulin,
La Union. SN-73 also performed well under Bontoc, Mt. Province and Kibungan,
Benguet. SL8H was found to be the highest yielder in Maria Aurora but was observed to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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be attacked easily by diseases during wet season in Solana, Cagayan. NSIC112 and PSB
Rc 18 performed best in Rizal, Kalinga and also showed good performance in Maria
Aurora. However, PSB Rc 18 obtained the lowest harvest index and lowest yield in
Binalonan, Pangasinan.

Nutrient Management

The rice plant requires an adequate supply of nutrients from various sources of
optimal growth. The nutrients are supplied by indigenous sources such as soil minerals,
soil organic matter, rice straw, manure and water, but sometimes the amount supplied is
usually inefficient to achieve high and sustainable yields (PhilRice, 2003).
Proper management of nutrients improves crop growth and yield. It means giving
the right kind and amount of nutrients at the right time. Rice plants grow and respond
better to fertilizer when there is more sunlight (PhilRice-FAO, 2007).

Sufficient nutrients from tillering to panicle initiation and flowering will ensure
good tillering, panicle development and attainment of yield potential (Yabes, 2008).

Pest Management

The use of resistant varieties is the first line of defense in pest management.
Significant pest damage occurs when one or more pests caused damage to the rice plant
wherein it affects the growth and yield of the crop (PhilRice-FAO, 2007).

According to PhilRice-FAO (2007), pest management is an integral component of
rice production. Knowledge of the interactions of the rice crop with the biotic factors,
agro-ecosystem and crop management system provide an accurate understanding of the
destructive potential of pests. Correct pest identification and application of integrated
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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crop management technologies (resistant variety, land preparation, date and method of
crop establishment and pesticides) during crop development are needed for successful
pest management.

Temperature Requirement

Temperature is an important aspect in the production of rice. The critical
temperature is normally below 20oC and the high temperature is above 30oC. They vary
from one growth stage to another and differ according to variety, duration of critical
temperature, diurnal changes and physiological status of the rice plant (Rebuelta, 1997).
Vergara (1992) stated that warm temperature is needed to increase the growth
activities inside seeds while low temperature (10oC) decreases activities inside seeds.
Very high temperature (40oC or higher) decreases germination percentage. Too much
heat can kill sprouting seeds. In addition Rebuelta (1997) stated that at temperature range
of 22oC to 31oC, growth rate just after germination increases.

Temperature slightly affects tillering and relative growth rate except at 22oC.
With adequate sunlight, high temperature increases tiller number while spikelet number
per plant increases as temperature drops (Rebuelta, 1997).

Plants grow faster at warm temperatures than at cool temperatures. Cool
temperatures can cause leaves to yellow; some seedlings may eventually die. (Vergara,
1992). A mean temperature above 21°C is an optimum temperature for the growth of rice
(FAO, 2009).

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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Harvesting, Threshing and Drying

According to PCCARD (2001) harvesting and its related handling operations are
significant points in post production sequence where losses can be incurred.

PhilRice-FAO (2007) stated that timely harvesting and threshing ensure good
grain quality, high market value, and consumer acceptance. Harvesting too early results
in a larger percentage of immature grains and in low milling recovery. Harvesting too late
leads to increased grain shattering and excessive losses in terms of breakage during
milling.

Harvesting the crop is done when 20% of the grains at the base of the panicle are
at hard dough stage and most of the grains in the panicle are golden yellow. Threshing
immediately after harvest (not later than one day in wet season or two days in dry season)
avoid heat build up in the grain that leads to grain discoloration and lower quality of
milled rice (Yabes, 2008). Drying is done gradually up to 14% moisture content (RAFID,
undated).

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study used ten different varieties of rice which served as treatments:
VARIETY SOURCE
T1- NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3) PHILRICE
T2- NSIC Rc 134 (Tubigan 4)
PHILRICE
T3- NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5) PHILRICE
T4- NSIC Rc 140(Tubigan 6) PHILRICE
T5- NSIC Rc 144 (Tubigan 8) PHILRICE

T6- NSIC Rc 146 (PJ-7)

PHILRICE
T7- NSIC Rc 150 (Tubigan 9) PHILRICE
T8- NSIC Rc 154 (Tubigan 11) PHILRICE
T9- NSIC Rc 156 (Tubigan 12) PHILRICE
T10- PSB Rc 82 (Peñaranda) (Check) BPI-NSQCS

Ten seedbeds, each measuring 1m x 1m were thoroughly prepared for the sowing
of the ten high yielding rice varieties at 0.3 kg per variety. Each variety was sown
separately in beds with proper labels for easy identification and to avoid mixtures.

An experimental area of 360 m2 was prepared and divided into 30 plots with a
dimension of 2m x 6m each. The land was prepared thoroughly before transplanting; the
soil was puddled and leveled for easy transplanting as shown in Figure 1.

The experimental area was flash-irrigated one week before plowing that allowed
decomposition of rice stubbles and weeds, and allowed dropped seeds and weed seeds to
germinate. Plowing and harrowing was done twice each at one week interval. Plots were
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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10

leveled accordingly. The field was provided with 2-5 cm water depth before
transplanting.

Lay-outing, Transplanting and Replanting

The experimental plots were laid out following the Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) in three replications and labeled accordingly.

Each of the ten varieties was transplanted 21 days after sowing (DAS) (Figure 2).
The plant density was one seedling per hill at distances of 20 cm x 20 cm. Replanting was
done 5-10 days after transplanting (DAT) to ensure that all hills have growing plants.

Fertilizer Application

The recommended rate of 67-21-21 kg/ha NPK was applied using 150 kg/ha of
urea and 150 kg/ha of T-14.
The recommended amount of T-14 was broadcasted at 10-14 days after
transplanting (DAT) at 2-3 cm water level during the first application, while the
application of N fertilizer was applied following the leaf color chart (LCC)
recommendation. LCC reading started at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) and every
seven days thereafter until flowering.

Pest Management

Regular field monitoring was conducted to identify potential pests. Hand weeding
was done when necessary after transplanting. Other recommended management practices
were followed.

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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Figure 1. Overview of the experimental area after sowing in Sta. Lina, Luna, Apayao

Figure 2. Overview of the seedlings at 21 days after sowing
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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Data Gathered

1. Meteorological Data. The temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall
and sunshine duration during the study were taken from Cagayan PAGASA station at
Tuguegarao City.
2. Height of seedlings one week after transplanting (cm). The height of seedlings
per variety was measured from the base to the tip of the longest leaf using 10 sample hills
per plot, one week after transplanting.
3. Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was taken when 50% of
the total plants in a plot started producing tillers.
4. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage. The number of tillers when the
flag leaf of the rice plant had emerged was counted using 10 hills per plot.
5. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers was
counted using 10 sample hills selected at random. Only rice plants which produced
panicles were counted and considered.
6. Number of days from transplanting to booting. This was taken when at least
50% of the total plants have booted as shown by swelling of the upper flag leaf sheath.
7. Number of days from booting to heading. This was taken when at least 50% of
the total plants produced panicles per treatment.
8. Number of days from heading to ripening. This was taken when 80% of the
grains in the panicle have turned yellow.
9. Final height at harvest (cm). This was measured from the soil surface to the tip
of the longest panicle taken at 86 DAT.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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10. Insect Pest Evaluation (Stem borer). Field rating of rice stem borers was based
on actual percentage of dead hearts and white heads. Dead hearts was counted 45 days
after transplanting while white heads, 10 days before harvesting (DBH). For both dead
heart and white heads, the following standard was used (PhilRice, 1996).
Scale
% Dead hearts
% Whiteheads
Remarks
1 1-10
1-5
Resistant
3 11-20
6-10
Moderately
Resistant
5 21-30 11-15 Intermediate
7 31-60 16-25
Moderately
Susceptible
9
60 and above
25 and above
Susceptible
11. Blast Disease Evaluation (Neck Rot). Evaluation of the severity of the rice
blast (neck rot) was taken from the plants at the center rows. Ten hills taken at random
were used. The following standard was used (PhilRice, 1996):
Number of panicles infected

% Infestation = x 100
Total number of panicles
Index %Blast
infection Rating
1 0-5
Resistant
2 6-25
Intermediate
3
25 and above
Susceptible
12. Length of panicle at harvest (cm). This was measured from the panicle tip
excluding the awn using 10 sample plants per plot taken at random.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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13. Number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. This was recorded by
counting the number of filled and unfilled grains at ripening using ten sample panicles
per treatment.
14. Weight of 1000 filled grains (g). One thousand seeds were selected at random
after drying at 14% moisture content then weighed.
15. Yield per plot(kg). The grains were dried to approximately 14 % moisture
content after harvest. The filled grains were separated from the unfilled grains by
winnowing. Only the filled grains were used to obtain the grain weight or yield per plot.
16. Yield per hectare (tons/ha). This was taken by converting the grains per plot
into hectare using ratio and proportion where:
Yield (kg/plot) 10,000m2 1 ton
Yield per hectare (tons/ha) = x x
12m2 1 hectare 1000 kg
17. Return on Cash Expense (ROCE). This was obtained by using the formula:

Gross sales- total expenses
ROCE = x 100

Total expenses

Data Analysis

All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of difference among the
treatment means was tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Agroclimatic Data
Shown in Table 1 is the agroclimatic information which includes the temperature,
relative humidity, mean rainfall and sunshine duration during the conduct of the study. It
was observed that the temperature was high and relative humidity was low during the
month of March. Rainfall was high during the month of November and low during the
month of March while mean sunshine duration was high during the month of February
and low during the month of January.
Vergara (1992) stated that a favorable temperature for growing rice ranges from
30–35oC. According to Rebuelta (1997), temperature slightly affects tillering and relative
growth rate except at 22oC. With adequate sunlight, high temperature increases tiller
number while spikelet number per plant increases as temperature drops.
The temperature ranges during the study is favorable for the growth and
development of rice.

Table 1. Agroclimatic data from November 2009 to March 2010

TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
MEAN
SUNSHINE
MONTH
(oC)
HUMIDITY RAINFALL DURATION
MIN. MAX. (%)
(mm)
(min)
NOVEMBER 2009
20.60
30.20
82
4.88
170.50
DECEMBER 2009
17.00
28.30
82
1.16
162.10
JANUARY 2010
17.50
28.70
82
0.51
159.10
FEBRUARY 2010
18.90
33.10
79
0.40
230.70
MARCH 2010
19.50
34.00
74
0.20
211.10

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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Height of Seedlings One Week after Transplanting

The average height of seedlings one week after transplanting is shown in Table 2.
Results showed that highly significant differences existed among the different varieties.
NSIC Rc 146 was the tallest among the ten varieties with a mean of 25.44 cm followed
by NSIC Rc 150 (24.64 cm.). The shortest seedling was observed in NSIC Rc 130 with a
height of 21.55cm. The significant differences could be due to varietal characteristics.

Table 2. Height of seedlings one week after transplanting and final height of the ten high
yielding rice varieties

VARIETY SEEDLING
HEIGHT
FINAL HEIGHT
AT 7 DAT (cm)
AT 86 DAT (cm)
NSIC Rc 130
21.55c 94abcd
NSIC Rc 134
23.57ab
98a
NSIC Rc 138
23.07bc
96ab
NSIC Rc 140
22.60bc
95abc
NSIC Rc 144
23.60bc
97a
NSIC Rc 146
25.44a
97a
NSIC Rc 150
24.64a
91cd
NSIC Rc 154
24.06ab
92bcd
NSIC Rc 156
23.02ab
90cd
PSB Rc 82(check)
22.72bc
98a
C.V. (%)
3.55
2.34
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level of DMRT

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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Final Height at 86 DAT

Plant height at 86 DAT is shown in Table 2. It was observed that NSIC Rc 134
and PSB Rc 82 (check variety) were the tallest among the ten varieties with a mean of 98
cm followed by NSIC Rc 144 and NSIC Rc 146 with a mean of 97 cm. The shortest
among the varieties evaluated was NSIC Rc 156 with a mean of 90 cm. Highly
significant differences could be attributed to their genetic make-up.

According to Vergara (1992) reduced plant height is the most important factor to
increase the grain yield potential of rice. Shorter plants can take up more nitrogen
fertilizer without lodging, resulting in higher grain yields.

Number of Tillers at Maximum Tillering Stage

The number of tillers at maximum tillering stage was recorded when the flag leaf
of the rice plant came out. Table 3 shows that NSIC Rc 150 produced the highest number
of tillers with a mean of 29 which could mean that it could have more panicles and could
probably have higher yield. It was followed by NSIC Rc 156 with a mean of 28 tillers.
NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 144 and PSB Rc 82 (check variety) recorded the lowest number
of tillers with a mean of 21. No other marked differences among the varieties were noted.
Vergara (1992) stated that varieties differ in tillering ability. Rice generally
produces more tillers during wet season than during dry season. Enough water, right
amount of fertilizer, proper spacing, and good weed control produce the most tillers. The
number of tillers determines the number of panicles and is the most important factor in
achieving high grain yield. Poor tillering or low tiller number can partially be
compensated for by increasing spikelet fertility or the weight per grain. Pest or disease
damage during early growth can reduce the number of panicles.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

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Table 3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage and number of productive tillers
per hill of ten high yielding rice varieties

NUMBER OF

VARIETY
TILLERS AT
PRODUCTIVE TILLERS
MAXIMUM
TILLERING STAGE
% OF THE
PER HILL
TOTAL
NSIC Rc 130
26
13
50
NSIC Rc 134
26
17
65
NSIC Rc 138
25
14
56
NSIC Rc 140
21
14
67
NSIC Rc 144
21
13
62
NSIC Rc 146
27
16
59
NSIC Rc 150
29
17
59
NSIC Rc 154
26
14
54
NSIC Rc 156
28
15
54
PSB Rc 82(check)
21
15
71
C.V. (%)
11.67
16.39

Number of Productive Tillers per Hill

The number of productive tillers is shown in Table 3. NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc
150 produced the highest productive tillers with a mean of 17 followed by NSIC Rc 146
with a mean of 16. On the other hand, NSIC Rc 130 and NSIC Rc 144 produced the
lowest number of productive tillers with a mean of 13. More productive tillers mean
higher yield potential. No other marked differences among the varieties were noted.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
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In terms of the ratio of the productive tillers over the total number of tillers, PSB
Rc 82 was the highest (71%) followed by NSIC Rc 140 (67%) and NSIC Rc 134 (65%).
This could mean that the foregoing three varieties could utilize resources such as water
more efficiently.
According to Vergara (1992), modern varieties have more tillers than traditional
varieties. Tillers formed during the late growth stages are usually non- productive. Either
the tillers die or the panicles produced are too small and ripen late. Mutual shading,
competition among tillers or lack of nutrients (especially nitrogen) may cause tiller loss.

In addition, the number of tillers determines the number of panicles and is the
most important factor in achieving high grain yield. Poor tillering or low tiller number
can partially be compensated for by increasing spikelet fertility or the weight per grain.

Number of Days from Transplanting to Tillering

Table 4 shows the number of days from transplanting to tillering. Observations
showed that NSIC Rc 134, NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 146, NSIC Rc 150 and NSIC Rc 156
have the same number of days (7) from transplanting to tillering while PSB Rc 82 (check
variety) had a longer period of 10 days from transplanting to tillering. Such significant
differences could be due to the manner of planting and could be attributed by the
adaptability of the different varieties to Sta. Lina, Luna, Apayao condition. Deep planting
delays tillering (Vergara, 1992).

Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting

As gleaned from Table 4, NSIC Rc 144 significantly booted earlier in 49 days
from the time of transplanting followed by NSIC Rc 140 and PSB Rc 82, the check
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

20

variety with a mean of 52 days to booting. In contrast, NSIC Rc 134, NSIC Rc 146, NSIC
Rc 150, NSIC Rc 154 and NSIC Rc 156 took 56 days to boot from the time it was
transplanted.
Earlier booting could mean earlier maturity. Along this line, it appears that NSIC
Rc 144, NSIC Rc 140 and PSB Rc 82 were early maturing varieties under Luna, Apayao
condition.

Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to tillering, transplanting to booting, booting
to heading, and heading to ripening of ten high yielding rice varieties

NUMBER OF DAYS FROM
VARIETY
TRANSPLANTI TRANSPLANTI
BOOTING
HEADING
NG TO
NG TO
TO
TO
TILLERING
BOOTING
HEADING
RIPENING
NSIC Rc 130
8
54
9
26
NSIC Rc 134
7
56
9
27
NSIC Rc 138
9
55
10
26
NSIC Rc 140
7
52
11
27
NSIC Rc 144
8
49
10
25
NSIC Rc 146
7
56
9
26
NSIC Rc 150
7
56
9
27
NSIC Rc 154
9
56
9
28
NSIC Rc 156
7
56
9
29
PSB Rc 82(check)
10
52
8
25
C.V. (%)
13.35
2.52
12.84
3.91

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

21

Number of Days from Booting to Heading

The number of days from booting to heading is shown in Table 4. Observation
shows that PSB Rc 82 (check variety) took 8 days from booting to heading followed by
NSIC Rc 130, NSIC Rc 134, NSIC Rc 146, NSIC Rc 150 and NSIC Rc 156 which have
the same number of days (9) from booting to heading. NSIC Rc 140 was the latest to
produce heads which took 11 days.

The reaction of varieties from booting to heading may not always be due to
genetic make-up but also influenced by temperature (Yoshida, 1981).

Number of Days from Heading to Ripening

Table 4 and Figure 3a and 3b show the number of days from heading to ripening.
Highly significant differences among the varieties were observed. NSIC Rc 144 and PSB
Rc 82 (check variety) ripened in 25 days which was 1-4 days earlier than the rest. It was
followed by NSIC Rc 130, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 with means of 26 days. NSIC
Rc 156 ripened later in 29 days. This shows that varieties differ in their performance and
adaptability to the locality.

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

22

Figure 3a. Overview of NSIC Rc 130, NSIC Rc 134, NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 140 and
NSIC Rc 144 at ripening stage
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

23

Figure 3b. Overview of NSIC Rc 146, NSIC Rc 150, NSIC Rc 154, NSIC Rc 156 and
PSB Rc 82 at ripening stage
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

24

Reaction to Stemborer

Evaluation of stem borer expressed as deadhearts and whiteheads was done 45
days after transplanting and 10 days before harvesting. All the varieties were found to be
resistant to deadhearts (Table 5). On whiteheads evaluation, most of the varieties were
resistant but NSIC Rc 146 was moderately resistant.

Varieties differ in reactions to different insect pests (Vergara, 1992).

Table 5. Reaction to stemborer and rice blast of the ten high yielding rice varieties

VARIETY DEAD-
BLAST
WHITE-HEADS
HEARTS
(NECK ROT)
NSIC Rc 130
Resistant Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 134
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc 138
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc 140
Resistant Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 144
Resistant Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 146
Resistant
Moderately
Intermediate
Resistant

NSIC Rc 150
Resistant Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 154
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc 156
Resistant
Resistant
Susceptible
PSB Rc 82(check)
Resistant
Resistant
Resistant

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

25

Reaction to Blast (Neck Rot)

Rice blast evaluation was taken before harvest. It was observed that NSIC Rc 130,
NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 144, NSIC Rc 150 and PSB Rc 82 (check variety) were resistant
to the disease. On the contrary, NSIC Rc 156 was recorded to be susceptible and the rest
of the varieties were found to be intermediate (Table 5). Varieties differ in reactions to
different diseases (Vergara, 1992).

Length of Panicle at 86 DAT

The length of panicle at 86 days after transplanting is shown in Table 6. It was
noted that NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 140 had the longest panicle (24cm) followed by
NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 150 (23cm). NSIC Rc 134 and PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
had the shortest panicle with a mean of 21 cm.
Modern varieties have many but small or short panicles. The length of the panicle
is a fair gauge of the number of grain produced and probably also the yield (Vergara,
1992).

Number of Filled Grains per Panicle

Table 7 shows the number of filled grains per panicle. It was observed that NSIC
Rc 130 had the highest number of filled grains per panicle with a mean of 140. It was
followed by NSIC Rc 156 with a mean of 127, NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc 154 with a
mean of 120. NSIC Rc 138 had the lowest number of filled grains per panicle with a
mean of 89. The difference between the number of filled grains per panicle is about 51.
Highly significant differences are attributed to the compactness of grains in the
panicle. Vergara (1992) stated that enough leaves are necessary to ensure many spikelets
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

26

Table 6. Length of panicle at 86 DAT of the ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY LENGTH
(cm)
NSIC Rc 130
22
NSIC Rc 134
21
NSIC Rc 138
24
NSIC Rc 140
24
NSIC Rc 144
22
NSIC Rc 146
23
NSIC Rc 150
23
NSIC Rc 154
22
NSIC Rc 156
22
PSB Rc 82(check)
21
C.V. (%)
10.21

per panicle and also to fill these spikelets. A percentage of filled spikelets greatly depend
on the environmental conditions.

Number of Unfilled Grains per Panicle

The number of unfilled grains is shown in Table 7. It was noted that NSIC Rc 144
had the lowest number of unfilled grains with a mean of 10 followed by PSB Rc 82
(check variety) with a mean of 13. NSIC Rc 130 had the highest number of unfilled
grains with a mean of 36.

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

27

The significant differences could have been due to the high temperature during
the conduct of the study (33.10- 34 oC). A low percentage of filled spikelets can result if
temperature at flowering is too low (less than 20 oC) or too high (above 30oC) (Vergara,
1992).

Table 7. Number of filled and unfilled grains and weight of 1000 filled grains of the ten
high yielding rice varieties

NUMBER OF GRAINS
WEIGHT OF
VARIETY
FILLED
UNFILLED
1000 GRAINS (g)
NSIC Rc 130
140a
36a
23.88bc
NSIC Rc 134
120abc
20bcde
24.40abc
NSIC Rc 138
89d
28abc
25.88a
NSIC Rc 140
117abc
20bcde
25.87a
NSIC Rc 144
103bcd
10e
21.08d
NSIC Rc 146
94cd
23bcd
25.58ab
NSIC Rc 150
117abc
16de
23.75bc
NSIC Rc 154
120abc
18cde
22.78c
NSIC Rc 156
127ab
29ab
20.32d
PSB Rc 82(check)
103bcd
13de
24.19abc
C.V. (%)
12.22
26.66
4.23
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level of DMRT

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

28

Weight of 1000 Filled Grains

The weight of 1000 filled grains is shown in Table 7. Results showed that NSIC
Rc 138 had the heaviest weight of 1000 filled grains with a mean of 25.88 g followed by
NSIC Rc 140 and NSIC Rc 146 with a mean of 25.87g and 25.88 g, respectively. The
lowest weight was obtained from NSIC Rc 156 with a mean of 20.32 g. Highly
significant differences could be due to grain characteristics.

Yield per 12 m2 and per Hectare

Grain yield per 12 m2 and per hectare is shown in Table 8 and Figure 4. Result
showed that NSIC Rc 150 produced the highest yield with a mean of 7.80 kg/ 12m2 or
6.50 tons/ha followed by NSIC Rc 140 and NSIC Rc 134 with a mean yield of 7.57
kg/12m2 or 6.31 tons/ha and 7.30 kg/12m2 or 6.09 tons/ha, respectively. NSIC Rc 144
produced the lowest yield with a mean of 5.62 kg/12m2 or 4.68 tons/ha.
Highly significant differences could be attributed to the yielding ability of the
different varieties. Yield is normally a function of genetic make-up and environmental
conditions.
Modern varieties have greater yield potential than traditional varieties even under
the best conditions. Improved farming practices will also increase grain yield in modern
varieties (Vergara, 1992).

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

29

Table 8. Yield per 12m2 and per hectare of the ten high yielding rice varieties
YIELD
VARIETY
PER 12m2
PER HECTARE
(kg)
(tons)
NSIC Rc 130
6.43ef
5.35ef
NSIC Rc 134
7.30abc
6.09abc
NSIC Rc 138
6.59def
5.49def
NSIC Rc 140
7.57ab
6.31ab
NSIC Rc 144
5.62g
4.68g
NSIC Rc 146
6.75cde
5.63cde
NSIC Rc 150
7.80a
6.50a
NSIC Rc 154
7.14bcd
5.95bcd
NSIC Rc 156
6.02fg
5.01fg
PSB Rc 82(check)
6.71cde
5.59de
C.V. (%)
4.85
4.87
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level of DMRT

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

30

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

31

Figure 4. Overview of the rice grains of the ten high yielding rice varieties
Return on Cash Expense

Table 9 shows that all the varieties had positive ROCE. NSIC Rc 150 and NSIC
Rc 140 had the highest return on cash expenses of 39.12% and 35.02%, respectively.
NSIC Rc 144 had the lowest return on cash expenses of 0.24%. These results indicate
that the varieties used could be profitably grown in Barangay Sta. Lina, Luna, Apayao.

Table 9. Return on cash expense of rice production using ten high yielding rice varieties
(12m2)

GRAIN YIELD
GROSS
COST OF
NET
ROCE
VARIETIES
PER 12m2
INCOME PRODUCTION INCOME
(%)
(kg)
(PhP)
(PhP)
(PhP)
NSIC Rc 130
6.43
109.31
95.31
14.00
14.69
NSIC Rc 134
7.30
124.10
95.31
28.79
30.12
NSIC Rc 138
6.59
112.03
95.31
16.72
17.54
NSIC Rc 140
7.57
128.69
95.31
33.38
35.02
NSIC Rc 144
5.62
95.54
95.31
0.23
0.24
NSIC Rc 146
6.75
114.75
95.31
19.44
20.40
NSIC Rc 150
7.80
132.60
95.31
37.29
39.12
NSIC Rc 154
7.14
121.38
95.31
26.07
27.35
NSIC Rc 156
6.02
102.34
95.31
6.69
7.02
PSB Rc 82(check)
6.71
114.07
95.31
18.76
19.68
Note: The selling price of rice grains is based on 17 PhP / kilogram.

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

32

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of ten high yielding
rice varieties in Luna, Apayao; determine the best variety adapted in terms of growth,
yield and resistance to insect pest and diseases in Luna, Apayao condition; and to
determine the Return on Cash Expense (ROCE) of growing high yielding rice varieties in
Luna, Apayao.
Highly significant differences were observed among the varieties. NSIC Rc 134
and PSB Rc 82 were the tallest but had the shortest panicle. NSIC Rc 156 was the
shortest in terms of height.
NSIC Rc 144 was the earliest to boot and PSB Rc 82 (check variety) was the first
to produce heads. NSIC Rc 144 and PSB Rc 82 ripened first. NSIC Rc 140 was the latest
to produce head but NSIC Rc 156 was the latest to ripen.
NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc 150 produced the highest number of productive tillers.
NSIC Rc 130 and NSIC Rc 144 produced the lowest number of productive tillers but
NSIC Rc 130 produced the highest number of filled and unfilled grains. NSIC Rc 138
and NSIC Rc 140 had the longest panicle at harvest.
All the varieties were resistant to stemborer but NSIC Rc 144 was moderately
resistant. On blast evaluation, NSIC Rc 156 was susceptible.
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 140 had the heaviest weight of 1000 filled grains.
NSIC Rc 150 obtained the highest grain yield and also highest return on cash expenses
followed by NSIC Rc 140 and NSIC Rc 134.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

33

Conclusions

Based on the results of the study, NSIC Rc 150 and NSIC Rc 140 were the
shortest plants, produced the highest productive tillers per hill, and were the highest
yielders.
Both varieties were also resistant to deadhearts, whiteheads and neck rot. In
addition, they also had the highest return on cash expenses.

Recommendation

Based on the results and observations of the study, NSIC Rc 150 and NSIC Rc
140 are recommended at Sta. Lina, Luna, Apayao due to high yield and return on cash
expenses as well as resistance to stemborer and rice blast.

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

34

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CAWATIG, J. K. 2007. Seed production of rice varieties applied with animal manures
mixed with dolomite under Rizal, Kalinga condition. BS Thesis, Benguet State
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DA -PHILRICE. 1997. Questions and answers on hybrid rice. December 1997. P.6

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Benguet condition. BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
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under Tubo, Abra Condition. BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
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PABLICO, S. M. 2002. PJ2 now a variety for the highlands. PhilRice Newsletter Special
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PHILIPPINE RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE- FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

36

APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Height of seedlings one week after transplanting (cm)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

NSIC Rc 130
21.10
22.00
22.00
64.66
21.55

NSIC Rc 134
22.40
24.70
24.00
70.72
23.57

NSIC Rc 138
21.90
24.00
23.00
69.22
23.07

NSIC Rc 140
23.80
22.90
21.00
67.81
22.60

NSIC Rc 144
23.60
23.00
22.00
69.08
23.03

NSIC Rc 146
25.70
26.00
25.00
76.33
25.44

NSIC Rc 150
25.60
24.70
24.00
73.93
24.64

NSIC Rc 154
24.90
24.20
23.00
72.19
24.06

NSIC Rc 156
24.50
23.50
23.00
70.86
23.62

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
23.50
22.40
22.00
68.17
22.723

TOTAL
237
237
229
703
234

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
4.49
2.25

Treatment
9
35.24
3.92
5.66**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
12.46
0.69

TOTAL 29
52.20

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

37

Higly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 3.55
Appendix Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
7
7
10
24
8

NSIC Rc 134
8
7
7
22
7

NSIC Rc 138
10
10
8
28
9

NSIC Rc 140
7
7
7
21
7

NSIC Rc 144
8
7
10 25 8

NSIC Rc 146
7
7
7
21
7

NSIC Rc 150
7
7
8
22
7

NSIC Rc 154
10
10
7
27
9

NSIC Rc 156
8
7
7
22
7

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
10
10
10
30
10

TOTAL
82
79
81
242
81

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
0.47
0.23

Treatment
9
30.53
3.39
2.93**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
20.87
1.16

TOTAL
29 51.87

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 13.35

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

38

Appendix Table 3. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
20
26
27
72.5
24

NSIC Rc 134
23
27
27
77.1
26

NSIC Rc 138
23
26
25
74.4
25

NSIC Rc 140
23
20
20
63.3
21

NSIC Rc 144
19
22
21 62.3 21

NSIC Rc 146
29
25
26
79.5
27

NSIC Rc 150
34
26
26 86.0 29

NSIC Rc 154
27
26
25
77.1
26

NSIC Rc 156
28
28
28 83.6 28

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
22
20
21
62.6
29

TOTAL
248
245
245
738
246

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
15.00
7.50

Treatment
9
153.37
17.04
1.99ns
2.46
3.60

Error
18
154.33
8.57

TOTAL 29
322.70

Non- significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 11.67

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

39

Appendix Table 4. Number of productive tillers

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
12
13
13
38
13

NSIC Rc 134
19
13
19
51
17

NSIC Rc 138
12
16
14
42
14

NSIC Rc 140
13
14
16
43
14

NSIC Rc 144
13
14
12
39
13

NSIC Rc 146
16
14
17
47
16

NSIC Rc 150
23
15
14
52
17

NSIC Rc 154
14
14
14
42
14

NSIC Rc 156
14
18
14
46
15

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
14
15
17
46
15

TOTAL
150
146
150
446
148

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
1.07
0.53

Treatment
9
65.47
7.27
1.22ns
2.46
3.60

Error
18
106.93
5.94

TOTAL
29 173.47

Non- significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 16.39

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

40

Appendix Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to booting

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
54
54
54
162
54

NSIC Rc 134
57
56
54
167
57

NSIC Rc 138
57
56
53
166
55

NSIC Rc 140
54
49
54
157
52

NSIC Rc 144
50
48
50
148
49

NSIC Rc 146
56
55
56
167
56

NSIC Rc 150
57
56
56
169
56

NSIC Rc 154
56
56
56
168
56

NSIC Rc 156
56
57
56
169
56

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
51
53
53
157
52

TOTAL
548
540
542
1630
534

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
3.47
1.73

Treatment
9
145.33
16.15
8.58**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
33.87
1.88

TOTAL 29
182.67

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 2.52

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

41

Appendix Table 6. Number of days booting to heading

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
8
10
9
27
9

NSIC Rc 134
9
8
11
28
9

NSIC Rc 138
8
11
12
31
10

NSIC Rc 140
10
13
11
34
11

NSIC Rc 144
9
11
9
29
10

NSIC Rc 146
9
10
9
28
9

NSIC Rc 150
10
9
9
28
9

NSIC Rc 154
10
8
9
27
9

NSIC Rc 156
9
10
9
28
9

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
9
7
8
24
8

TOTAL
91
97
96
284
95

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
2.07
1.03

Treatment
9
20.80
2.31
1.56ns
2.46
3.60

Error
18
26.60
1.48

TOTAL
29 49.47

Non- significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 12.84

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

42

Appendix Table 7. Number of days from heading to ripening

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
27
25
26
78
26

NSIC Rc 134
26
28
27
81
27

NSIC Rc 138
25
27
26
78
26

NSIC Rc 140
26
29
27
82
27

NSIC Rc 144
25
24
26
75
25

NSIC Rc 146
27
25
26
78
26

NSIC Rc 150
27
26
27
80
27

NSIC Rc 154
29
28
27
84
28

NSIC Rc 156
29
30
28
87
29

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
25
26 25 76 25

TOTAL
266
268
265
799
266

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
0.47
0.23

Treatment
9
40.97
4.55
4.19**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
19.53
1.09

TOTAL 29
60.97

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 3.91

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

43

Appendix Table 8. Final height at 86 DAT (cm)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
93
95
93
281
94

NSIC Rc 134
94
98
102
294
98

NSIC Rc 138
95
98
96
289
96

NSIC Rc 140
94
94
98
286
95

NSIC Rc 144
97
97
96 290 97

NSIC Rc 146
97
99
96
292
97

NSIC Rc 150
92
93
88 273 91

NSIC Rc 154
92
93
90
275
92

NSIC Rc 156
92
87
92 271 90

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
98
97 98 293 98

TOTAL
944
951
949
2844
948

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
2.60
1.30

Treatment
9
229.47
25.50
5.17**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
88.73
4.93

TOTAL
29
320.80

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 2.34

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

44

Appendix Table 9. Reaction to stemborer (Dead hearts)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 134
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 138
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 140
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 144
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 146
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 150
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 154
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 156
1
1
1
3
1

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
1 1 1 3 1

TOTAL
10
10
10
30
10

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

45

Appendix Table 10. Reaction to stemborer (Whiteheads)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 134
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 138
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 140
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 144
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 146
7
1
1
9
3

NSIC Rc 150
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 154
1
1
1
3
1

NSIC Rc 156
1
1
1
3
1

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
1
1 1 3 1

TOTAL
16
10
10
36
12

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

46

Appendix Table 11. Rice blast evaluation (Neck Rot)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
2
1
1
4
1.33

NSIC Rc 134
1
2
2
5
1.67

NSIC Rc 138
1
2
2
5
1.67

NSIC Rc 140
1
1
1
3
1.00

NSIC Rc 144
1
1
1
3
1.00

NSIC Rc 146
1
2
2
5
1.67

NSIC Rc 150
1
1
1
3
1.00

NSIC Rc 154
2
2
2
6
2.00

NSIC Rc 156
2
3
3
8
2.67

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
1
1
1 3
1.00

TOTAL
13
16
16
45
15.38

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

47

Appendix Table 12. Length of panicle at 86 DAT (cm)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
20
23
24
67
22

NSIC Rc 134
13
25
24
62
21

NSIC Rc 138
24
24
24
72
24

NSIC Rc 140
25
23
24
72
24

NSIC Rc 144
22
22
22
66
22

NSIC Rc 146
22
24
24
70
23

NSIC Rc 150
22
23
23
68
23

NSIC Rc 154
19
24
23
66
22

NSIC Rc 156
17
24
24
65
22

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
16
23
23
62
21

TOTAL
200
235
235
670
223

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
54.20
27.10

Treatment
9
31.20
3.47
0.65ns
2.46
3.60

Error
18
95.80
5.32

TOTAL 29
181.20

Non- significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 10.21

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

48

Appendix Table 13. Number of filled grains per panicle

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
142
137
142
421
140

NSIC Rc 134
123
130
106
359
120

NSIC Rc 138
87
84
97
268
89

NSIC Rc 140
143
87
121
351
117

NSIC Rc 144
105
101
103
309
103

NSIC Rc 146
79
91
111
281
94

NSIC Rc 150
105
121
124
350
117

NSIC Rc 154
114
134
111
359
120

NSIC Rc 156
138
111
131
380
127

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
113
99
97
309
103

TOTAL
1149
1095
1143
3387
1129

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
175.20
87.60

Treatment
9
6558.03
728.67
3.83**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
3427.47
190.42

TOTAL 29
10160.70

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 12.22

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

49

Appendix Table 14. Number of unfilled grains per panicle

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
48
35
25
108
36

NSIC Rc 134
28
15
18
61
20

NSIC Rc 138
27
32
26
85
28

NSIC Rc 140
22
17
20
59
20

NSIC Rc 144
9
9
11
29
10

NSIC Rc 146
27
24
17
68
23

NSIC Rc 150
13
17
17
47
16

NSIC Rc 154
26
13
16
55
18

NSIC Rc 156
23
35
28
86
29

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
9
14
16
39
13

TOTAL
232
211
194
637
212

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
72.47
36.23

Treatment
9
1710.03
190.00
5.93**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
576.87
32.05

TOTAL 29
2359.37

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 26.66

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

50

Appendix Table 15. Weight of 1000 filled grains (g)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
25.25
22.85
23.53
71.63
23.88

NSIC Rc 134
24.46
25.05
23.68
73.19
24.40

NSIC Rc 138
26.67
25.88
25.10
77.65
25.88

NSIC Rc 140
27.85
25.46
24.29
77.60
25.87

NSIC Rc 144
22.22
19.10
21.92 63.24 21.08

NSIC Rc 146
25.27
26.30
25.16
76.73
25.58

NSIC Rc 150
23.44
23.79
24.02
71.25
23.75

NSIC Rc 154
22.74
24.16
21.45
68.35
22.78

NSIC Rc 156
21.12
20.66
19.17 60.95 20.32

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
24.74 23.92 23.92 72.58 24.19

TOTAL
243.76
237.17
232.24
713.17
237.73

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
6.68
3.34

Treatment
9
98.54
10.95
10.81**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
18.23
1.01

TOTAL 29
123.45

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 4.23

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

51

Appendix Table 16. Yield per 12m2 (kg)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
6.60
6.45
6.25
19.30
6.43

NSIC Rc 134
7.45
7.51
6.95
21.91
7.30

NSIC Rc 138
6.87
6.50
6.40
19.77
6.59

NSIC Rc 140
7.20
7.45
8.05
22.70
7.57

NSIC Rc 144
5.90
5.45
5.50
16.85
5.62

NSIC Rc 146
7.10
7.05
6.10
20.25
6.75

NSIC Rc 150
8.35
7.75
7.30 23.40 7.80

NSIC Rc 154
7.20
7.30
6.93
21.43
7.14

NSIC Rc 156
6.55
5.50
6.00 18.05 6.02

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
7.10 6.67 6.35 20.12 6.71

TOTAL
70.32
67.63
65.83
203.78
67.93

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
1.02
0.51

Treatment
9
12.49
1.39
12.78**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
1.95
0.11

TOTAL 29
15.46

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 4.85

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

52

Appendix Table 17. Yield per hectare (tons)

REPLICATION

VARIETY

TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III

NSIC Rc 130
5.50
5.34
5.21
16.05
5.35

NSIC Rc 134
6.21
6.26
5.79
18.26
6.09

NSIC Rc 138
5.73
5.42
5.33
16.48
5.49

NSIC Rc 140
6.00
6.21
6.71
18.92
6.31

NSIC Rc 144
4.92
4.54
4.58
14.04
4.68

NSIC Rc 146
5.92
5.88
5.08
16.88
5.63

NSIC Rc 150
6.96
6.46
6.08 19.50 6.50

NSIC Rc 154
6.00
6.08
5.78
17.86
5.95

NSIC Rc 156
5.46
4.58
5.00 15.04 5.01

PSB Rc 82 (check variety)
5.92 5.56 5.29 16.77 5.59

TOTAL
58.62
56.33
54.85
169.80
56.60

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Replication
2
1.02
0.51

Treatment
9
12.49
1.39
12.78**
2.46
3.60

Error
18
1.95
0.11

TOTAL 29
15.46

Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 4.87

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

53

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties
under Luna, Apayao Condition / Jennifer M. Modesto. 2010

Document Outline

Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties under Luna, Apayao Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES