BIBLIOGRAPHY DUGA-ONG, TEODY A....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DUGA-ONG, TEODY A. APRIL 2011. Production and Marketing of Rambutan
Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, IlocosSur.BenguetStateUniversity, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Evangeline B. Cungihan, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to find out the profile of farmers who started rambutan
production in the study area, find out their reasons in engaging in rambutan production,
determine the volume of rambutan production in the study area, and find out the problems
encountered by the producers in production and marketing, and the supports provided to them. A
personal interview was conducted with all the rambutan growers in Coscosnong, Suyo,
IlocosSur.
It was found that very few of the farmers had college education and had undergone
training on rambutan production provided by the Department of Agriculture and the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources. A few of the farmers started production in 2000 and
more were added in 2005. Farmers engaged in rambutan production as an additional source of
income. They have planted an area ranging from half hectare to 7 hectare with tree ranging from
50 to 800. The first who started rambutan production is now harvesting about 80 to 100
kilograms per tree. The market outlets for their produce are Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, Sta. Cruz, Ilocos
Sur, Narvacan, Ilocos Sur, and San Fernando La Union. Farmers are selling it on credit basis to
wholesalers who are from their place. They have no problem on marketing their product because
there are no competitors, in fact, they cannot meet the volume of demand from their buyers.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Rambutan is a tropical fruit tree. It is native to Malaysia, Indonesia, the
Philippines, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Its origin is probably Malaysia and Indonesia
then distributed through southern china, Indo-Chinese region, Malay Archipelago and the
Philippines. The leading producer of rambutan is Thailand which exports fresh and
canned rambutan to Asian and European countries.
Rambutan is a popular garden fruit tree and propagated commercially in small
orchards for its fresh fresh. The fresh fruits are usually sold in the marketbut the fruits
can also be processed into jams and jelly. Aside from its fresh fruits, the rambutan trees
with their abundant coloured fruits are now being used as landscape specimens.
The rambutan fruit is a good source of daily nutritional needs. It contains high
amount of all the important essential elements needed by the human body like calcium,
magnesium, and potacium. Rambutan, like the coconut, has many important uses. The
seed contains fats and oil valuable to industry, and used in cooking and the manufacture
of soap. The roots, bark, and leaves have various uses in medicine and in the production
of dyes. These various uses show therefore that rambutan is a potential crop for
commercial production.
In 1987-88, the Philippines devoted about 500 hectares to rambutan production.
This area continued to increase as production expanded to various places in northern.
Rambutan production in Locos Sur started by a farmer organization in Coscosnong,
Butac, Suyo, IlocosSur. In 1988, a group of 110 farmers were given training on rambutan
production by the Department of Agriculture. In addition, DA provided100 seedlings for
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
trial production by the group. The organization was however closed in 1999 and the
orchard was therefore maintained by Mr. Ramon Copido, the former president of the
organization. In 2005, Mr. Copido expanded the production and included marketing of
grafted rambutan to other farmers in the area. Farmers observed that demand for the fruits
in the local market is high so many farmers started rambutan production in their farm.
This study was conducted to look into the production and marketing of rambutan
in Coscosnong , Botac, Suyo, IlocosSur.
Statement of the Problem
The study would answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the farmers who started rambutan production in the
study area?
2. What were their reasons in engaging in rambutan production?
3. What is the volume of rambutan produced in Coscosnong, Suyo, Ilocos Sur?
4. What are the problems met by the rambutan growers?
5. What supports are provided to these growers?
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study were the following:
1. Find out the profile of the farmers who started rambutan production in
Coscosnong, Suyo, Ilocos Sur,
2. Find out the reasons of the farmers in engaging in rambutan production.
3. Determine the volume of rambutan produced in the study area,
4. Determine the profitability of rambutan production in the study area,
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
5. Find out the problems of farmers in rambutan production and marketing.
6. Find out the supports provided to the rambutan growers.
Importance of the Study
This study provided benchmark information on rambutan production and
marketing in Suyo, IlocosSur. This would be useful to organizations or individuals
interested in promoting rambutan production in the place.
To the farmers who backed out and are again intending to engaged in rambutan
production, this study would serve as guide for their decision making.
This study could be used as a reference material to other students who would be
conducting a similar studies.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study focused on the production and marketing of rambutan in Coscosnong,
Suyo, IlocosSur. It only included all the farmers who planted rambutan in the study area.
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Origin of Rambutan
The rambutan is native to Malaysia and commonly cultivated throughout the
archipelago and Southeast Asia. Many years ago, Arab traders introduced it into Zanzibar
and Pemba. There are limited plantings in India, a few trees in Surinam, and in the
coastal lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Tica, Trinidad and Cuba. Some
fruits are being marketed in Costa Rica. The rambutan was taken to the Philippines from
Indonesia in 1912. Further introductions were made in 1920 (from Indonesia) and 1930
(from Malaysia), but until the 1950’s its distribution was rather limited. Then popular
demand brought about systematic efforts to improve the crop and resulted in the
establishment of many commercial plantations in the provinces of Batnagas, Cavite,
Davao, Iloilo, Laguna, Oriental Mindoro and Zamboanga. Seeds were imported into the
United States from Java in 1906 (SPI #17515) but the species is not grown in this country
(Morton, 1987).
It is a popular belief that rambutans are native to Malaysia and Indonesia. The
earliest record of rambutan trees show that they were cultivated by the Malayan jungle
tribes around their temporary settlements, a practice followed to date. Rambutan trees are
today found growing naturally in Southern China, the Indochina region and Southeast
Asia. With increasing popularity amongst non-Asians and growing demand for
rambutans worldwide, the fruit is presently considered an important agricultural produce.
It is grown commercially in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Brunei
Darussalam, Sri Lanka, Australia, Hawaii, Vietnam and Central America. Even in 1981,
rambutans were grown commercially on up to 700 hectares of land in Singapore. Rapid
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
urbanization meant rambutan plantations are no longer found in Singapore. To meet the
demands of its people, Singapore has remained the largest importer of rambutans in the
world, accounting for more than 60% of world imports (Thulaja, 2003).
Propagation
Rambutan seeds, after removal from the fruit and through washing, should be
planted horizontally with the flattened side downward in order that the seedling will grow
straight and have a normal, strong root system. Seeds will germinate in 9 to 25 days, the
earlier, the more vigor in the seedling. The rate of germination of 2-day-old seeds is 87%
to 95%. A week after seed removal from the fruit, there may be only 50% to 60%
germination. Sun-drying for 8 hours and oven-drying at 86oF (30oC) kills seeds within a
week. Washed seeds will remain viable in moist sawdust, sphagnum moss or charcoal for
3-4 weeks, and some will even sprout in storage. The juice of the flesh inhibits
germination. Accordingly, unwashed seeds or seeds treated with the juice can be held for
a month in moist sawdust without sprouting. Rambutan seedlings bear in 5-6 years, but
the ration of female to male trees is 4 or 5 to 7. One Philippine seedling orchard was
found to have 67% male trees. Then, too, hardly 5% of female trees give a profitable
yield. Vegetative propagation is essential. Cuttings have been rooted experimentally
under mist and with the use of growth-promoting hormones, but this technique is not
being practiced. Air-layering may at first appear successful, but many air-layers die after
transplanted into 5-gal. containers, or, later, in the fields, long after separation from the
mother tree. Marching is very effective onto 5 to 9 months old seedlings of rambutan or
of pulasa (N.mutabile L.) or N. intermediumRadlk., but is a rather cumbersome
procedure. After 2 or 3 months, the scion is notched 3 times over a period of 2 weeks and
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
then severed from the parent tree. Cleft-, splice-, and side-grafting are not too
satisfactory. Patch-budding is preferred as having a much greater rate of success.
Seedlings for use as rootstocks are taken from the seedbed after 45 days and transplanted
into 1-quart cans with a mixture of 50% cured manure and later transferred to 5 gal.
containers. In OrientalMindoroProvince, if the budding is done in the month of May, they
can achive 83.6% success; if done in June and July, 82%. Budded trees flower 21/2 to 3
years after planting in the field (Morton, 1987).
Climate
The rambutan flourishes from sea-level to 1,600 or even 1,800 ft. (500 – 600m.),
in tropical, humid regions having well-distributed rainfall. In the ideal environment of
Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, the average temperature year-round is about 81oF
(27.3oC), relative humidity is 82%, rainfall 71 in (180 cm) about 165 rainy days. The dry
season should not last much over 3 months (Morton, 1987).
Soil
The tree does not grow best on deep, clay-loam or sandy loan soil rich in organic
matter, or in deep peat. It needs good drainage (Morton, 1987).
Economic Importance of Rambutan
The fruit (perhaps unripe) is astringent, stomachic; acts as a vermifuge, febrifuge,
and is taken to relieve diarrhea and dysentery. The leaves are poulticed on the temples to
alleviate headache. In Malaysia the dried fruit rind is sold in drugstores and employed in
local medicine. The astringent bark decoction is a remedy for thrush. A decoction of the
roots is taken as a febrifuge (Tindall, 1994).
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in Coscosnong, Suyo, IlososSur. This was conducted
from October to December, 2010.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were all the farmers of Coscosnong, Suyo, Ilocos
Sur who are at present engaged in rambutan production.
Data Collection
Data collection was done through personal interview with Mr. Copido and focus
group discussion with the other farmers who are now engaged in rambutan production.
Data Gathered
The data gathered included the profile of the farmers, their reasons for producing
rambutan, volume of rambutan produced in the place, the problems met by the growers,
and supports received by the growers.
Data Analysis
The data collected were analyzed using simple statistics like frequency
distribution and percentage
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Background of the Respondents
The information about the fourteen respondents is presented in Table 1. The
youngest respondent was 30 years old and the oldest was 70 years old. Majority of them
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
were more than 40 years old. As to their educational attainment, 3 had no formal
education, 4 reached the elementary level, 3 high school level, and another 3 reached the
college level. All of them were married and they had different religions except for one
without any religion.
As to the years the respondents started growing rambutan, only 5 or 36% started
their rambutan production in 2000–2005 while the 64% only started in 2006 – 2010.
Some of them participated in the first training on rambutan production and they became
very excited but after some time they backed out because they were doubting the success
of the project. They thought that they would just be wasting their time in caring for the
plants. Only Mr. Copido persisted in continuing the project. They again started their
rambutan production when they saw that the rambutan of Mr. Copido were bearing fruits
and demand for its fruits is high.
Table 1. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
30 – 40
4
28
40 – 50
5
36
60 – 70
5
36
TOTAL
14
100
Table 1. Continued …
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Sex
Male
11
79
Female
3
21
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
TOTAL
30
100
Educational Attainment
No formal education
3
35.71
Elementary
4
21.43
Highschool
3
21.43
College
3
21.43
TOTAL
14
100
Religion
Roman Catholic
6
43
CDCC
5
36
Pentecostal
2
14
No religion
1
7
TOTAL
14
100
Civil Status
Married
14
100
Single
0
0
TOTAL
14
100
Year of engaging in rambutan production
2000 – 2005
5
36
2005 - 2010
9
64
TOTAL
14
100
Reasons for Engaging in Rambutan
Production
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Table 2 presents the reasons of the respondents for engaging in rambutan
production. Majority (86%) of the respondents said that rambutan production is a source
of additional income for the family. Even if it is seasonal it can contribute to income
during harvest season specially that harvest season is during the start of the school
calendar so they have cash to give to their children for their education. One of the
respondents said that he engaged in rambutan production because it does not require
much input unlike rice and vegetable that he has to buy fertilizer and pesticides. Another
respondents mentioned that rambutan production does not require much labor unlike rice
and vegetables. He said that once the trees are already big, the care and management time
is lessened.
Area Planted to Rambutan and
Number of Trees
Table 2 shows that area planted to rambutan by each farmer ranged from half
hectare to seven hectares. Majority of the farmers had only a hectare of farm planted to
rambutan. It was only Mr. Copido who had 7 hectares as of the conduct of this study. The
same table presents the number of tree planted by the farmers. According to Mr. Copido,
the appropriate distance of planting the rambutan seedlings is 10 m. by 10 m. It can be
gleaned from the result that some of the farmers did not follow the recommended
distance. In fact, some of them followed a spacing of 8 meters by 8 meters in order to
accommodate more trees in their very small farms. There were 22% who said they have
50 trees, 50% have 100–150 trees, 21% 200-250 trees, and 7% 700-800 trees. Figure 2
shows a farm planted to rambutan.
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Figure 2. A farm planted with rambutan
Table 2. Reasons of respondents in producing rambutan
REASONS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Additional income
12
86
Low cost of materials
1
7
Low cost of labor
1
7
TOTAL
14
100
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Table 3. Distribution of respondents according to farm area and number of trees planted
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Farm area in hectares
0.5
4
29
1 – 1.5
6
43
1.6 – 2.5
3
21
7
1
7
TOTAL
14
100
Number of trees
50
3
22
100 – 150
7
50
200 – 300
3
21
700 - 800
1
7
TOTAL
14
100
Production per Tree
The production per tree was taken from the 5 respondents who are already
harvesting rambutan fruits. The other 4 respondents just started their production so the
trees are not yet bearing fruits. From Table 4, two respondents are harvesting 15 – 20
kilograms per tree per year, another two respondents are harvesting 30 – 50 kilograms
and only one is harvesting 80 - 100 kilograms per tree per year. This respondents, Mr.
Copido, has fully grown trees and they are already bearing much fruits when well
maintained. This surpassed the general average production per tree in the Philippines
which is only 48 kilograms. However, the average production per tree for the 21 selected
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
cultivars observed by the University of the Philippines at Los Banos was 120 kilograms
(Morton, 1987). Figure 3 shows a fruit bearing tree.
Table 4. Distribution of respondents according to harvest per tree
ESTIMATED HARVEST
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
15 – 20
2
40
30 – 50
2
40
80 – 100
1
20
TOTAL
5
100
Figure 3. A rambutan tree with fruits ready to be harvested
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Number of Fruit Bearing Trees and
Estimated Volume of Production
From 1992 to 2000 Mr. Copido was the only one producing rambutan. According
to him the average yield per tree from 1992 to 1994 was 17.5 kilogram. This yield
increased in 1995 – 1997 to 35 kilograms then the yield peaked in 1998 – 2000 to 80
kilograms. Even if the number of fruit bearing trees remains constant from 1992 to 2000,
volume of production increased due to the increase in the yield per tree. In 2000 four
farmers started planting rambutan thus in 2003 they started harvesting. Mr. Copido also
planted more trees in 2000 so that in 2003 the number of fruit bearing trees totaled to
1,030. Total production from 2003 – 2005 was estimated at 36,050 kilograms. There
were also additional trees planted in 2003 thus they started bearing fruits in 2006. Total
fruit bearing trees in 2006 – 2010 was 1,520 and the estimated production was 53,200
kilograms.
Table 5. Number of fruit bearing trees and estimated volume of production by year
YEAR
NUMBER OF FRUIT
ESTIMATED VOLUME OF
BEARING TREES
PRODUCTION (in Kilogram)
1992 -1994
60
1,080
1995 – 1997
60
2,100
1998 – 2000
60
4,800
2003 – 2005
1,030
36,050
2006 - 2010
1,520
53,200
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Marketing Practices of the Respondents
The marketing practices included are market outlet, type of buyers, system of
payment, packaging, and mode of delivery.
Market outlets and buyers. There were two types of buyers from the farmers.
They are the wholesalers and the retailers. As shown in Table 6, majority of the
respondents sell their rambutan to wholesalers and only one respondents sells to retailers.
Based on the interview with the buyers, the wholesalers are bringing the rambutan to
different market outlets in Tagudin, Ilocos Sur; Sta. Cruz, Ilocos Sur; Tagudin; Narvacan,
Ilocus Sur; and San Fernando, La Union. For the retailers they sell the rambutan in their
public market in Suyo, IlocosSur.
System of payment. The system of payment used by the respondents are either
consignment or cash basis. Eighty percent of the respondents were giving their rambutan
on credit basis to the buyers. The buyers pay them when they return to buy again.
However, they also sell on cash basis to buyers who can pay in cash. They easily give
their product on credit because these buyers are from their place. One of the respondents
is selling his rambutan purely on cash basis.
Packaging and mode of delivery. Harvested rambutan are placed in baskets
locally called as “tiklis”. One tiklis contains 20–25 kilograms. There is no grading done
on the rambutan so the price per tiklis is uniform. The farmers do not deliver the
rambutan to the buyers because the buyers go to them directly. The buyers are then
responsible in transporting the rambutan to the different market outlets.
Market competition. According to the respondents there is no market competition
among them because their production is not even enough to supply the demands of the
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Table 6. Marketing practices of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Types of Buyer
Wholesalers
4
80
Retailers
1
20
TOTAL
5
100
System of Payment
Credit arrangement
4
80
Cash basis
1
20
TOTAL
5
100
buyers. In fact, the buyers are the ones competing for their produce that is why the buyers
themselves go to the farm to be assured that they have products to buy. Furthermore, the
rambutan produced in the study area are harvested earlier, from May to July, so there is
no competion with the rambutan coming from Batangas and Laguna. Rambutan coming
from these places would arrive when their harvest is already ending.
Problems Encountered by the Respondents
Table 7 presents the problems met by the respondents in producing rambutan.
There were 5 respondents or 36% whose problem is lack of water. These are the farmers
who just planted their trees and during summer they do not have water for irrigation.
They have to pump water from the river to water their plants. Three respondents each
mentioned that their problem is high cost of labor; high cost of investment because they
have to buy hose, power sprayer, tools, and the seedlings; and lack of knowledge on the
care and management of rambutan. Mr. Copido mentioned that some of the trees he first
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Table 7. Problems encounter in producing rambutan
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Lack of water
5
36
High cost of labor
3
21
High investment required
3
21
Lack of technical knowledge
3
21
Difficult to determine male from
10
71
female tree
planted were not fruit bearing because they are male tree. The other farmers who just
planted their rambutan trees also fear that the trees they planted might not bear fruits and
they invested much including their labor. Male trees cannot be determined when they are
still seedling. The farmer would know that the tree is male when it does not bear fruit.
Support or Assistance Received
The assistance or support received by the rambutan growers in Coscosnong, Suyo,
Ilocos Sur were provided by two government agencies, the Department of Agriculture
(DA) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The support
for rambutan production was initially given by DA to a group of farmers through their
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
association. These farmers were trained on the care and management of rambutan
seedlings and they were given seedlings to plant. These plants are supposed to be owned
by the association but the other farmers backed out and Mr. Copido, the president of the
association was left alone to continue the management of the plants until they are bearing
fruits. Because it is now proven that rambutan can be produced in their place, other
farmers became interested so the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
gave them another training and provided them seedlings to plant. However, the seedling
were not given to the association but to individual farmers who were interested to
produce rambutan. Thus the number of rambutan growers increased.
SUMMARY, CONLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted to determine the profile of the rambutan growers, find
out their reasons in producing rambutan, determine the volume of rambutan they are
producing, and find out their problems in production and marketing their rambutan.
A total of 14 respondents were the source of information for this study. The ages
of the respondent were 30 to 70 years old. Majority of them had formal education and
were all married. They engaged in rambutan production as a source of additional income.
Majority of the respondents are producing rambutan on a less than two- hectare
farm. Majority have less than 150 trees in their farm and they are producing less than 50
kilograms per tree in one production cycle. All the rambutan produced in the study area
are sold in nearby markets like TagudinPoblacion; Sta. Cruz, Tagudin; Narvacan, Ilocos
Sur to as far as San Fernando, La Union. The buyers are wholesalers and retailers who go
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
directly to the farmers. They buy on credit from the farmers and pay them when they
return back to buy. Farmers did not find any problem in marketing their products since
rambutan coming from other places arrive when their harvest is already ending.
The major problem in rambutan production met by majority of the farmers was
the selection of female seedling. There is no way to detect female tree from male tree
when they are still seedlings. The farmer would only know that a tree is male when it
does not bear fruit. This was the problem that discouraged many of the farmers who first
started rambutan production.
The supports received by the respondents were in the form of training on
rambutan production and free seedlings given by both the DA and DENR.
Conclusions
From the findings of the study the following conclusions are forwarded:
1. More and more farmers from the study area are now looking at rambutan
production as another source of income. More farmers are now starting to grow rambutan
because they have already seen that it is productive and demand for it is high.
2. The common problem met by the growers was on the selection of seedlings to
be planted. Base on the literature there is a high percentage of male trees than female if
the seedlings are from seeds. The first one who planted were discouraged because their
trees do not bear fruits after three years when they were expected to bear fruits and this
discouraged them to continue.
3. Rambutan produced in the study area have high demand since the buyers are
competing to buy from the farmers. The farthest market that rambutan from
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Coscosnongreached is San Fernando, La Union. This shows that supply of rambutan
coming from the study area is not sufficient to reach farther markets.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions the following are recommended:
1. The growers use budded seedling to minimize the problem of non-bearing
trees met by the those who started rambutan production.
2. Since rambutan production is a good source of income and there is high
demand for it, more farmers should grow rambutan to increase their family income.
3. The DA and DENR should continue to give support to the farmers maybe not
in terms of giving free seedlings but to train the farmers to bud their own seedlings.
4. Farmers should be organized in marketing their products specially when they
reached the competitive stage so that the traders will not take advantage of them.
LITERATURE CITED
MORTON. J. 1987. Rambutan in Fruits of Warm, Climates. Miami,FL . Pp. 262-
265
THULAJA N.R. 2003. National Lidrary Board Singapore October 3, 2010. Edible
tropical
forest
plant/eHow/com/list_6768631_edible
tropical-forest
plant.htm/x2202PJYgtZK
TINDALL H. D. 1994 Rmbutan cultivation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United nation:hh;//book.google.October4,2010.com/book?IdAgrlfzs0bxMc.
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
APPENDIX A
(Interview Guide)
Respondent profile
Name_________________________
Age_________________
Sex. Male_________Famale_________
Civil status, Single_______Married______
Religion_______________
Educational attainment
_______a. elementary graduate
_______b. high school graduate
_______c. college graduate
______d. vocational graduate
_______e. no formal schooling
I. Production profile
A. Area of the farm.________________________
B. How many rambutan trees are planted in your farm? ________________
C. How many kilos you harvest in one plant____________________
C. Year or month of planting rambutan trees____________________
II. Reasons in producing rambutan,
_______a. low cost of labor
_______b. additional income
_______c. low cost of production
e. other (please specify) __________________
III. Production problem
________a. high investment required
________b. high cost of labor
_______c. lack of technology
_______e. lack of water
_______d. others (please specify)
IV. .MARKETING
A. Buyers
_________ Wholesalers
_________ Retailers
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
_________Consumer
B. Reason why you choose the outlet
________ Higher price
________They go direct to the farm
________ More products to sell
C. Market problems
________a. Lack of transportation
________b. Lack of buyers
________c. Lack of outlet
________e. Lack of price information
Others (please specify) _____________________________
D .Marketing practices
D1. System of payment______________
D2 .Packaging_______________
D3.System of marketing
Others (please specify) _____________________________
C. Market outlet_______________
Others (please specify) _____________________________
V. Supports assistance
______a. seminars
______b. training
Others (please specify)_________________________________
VI. Sources of support assistance_______________
Production And Marketing Of Rambutan In Coscosnong, Botac, Suyo, Ilocos Sur/ Teody A. Duga-Ong
Document Outline
- Production and Marketing of RambutanCoscosnong, Botac, Suyo, IlocosSur
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- SUMMARY, CONLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES