BIBLIOGRAPHY BADONGEN, ELME L....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013.Growth and Flowering of Different
Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of Different Kinds of Slow Release
Fertilizers. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Arceli G. Ladilad,Ph.D
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Project
Area of Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2012 to March
2013 to evaluate the growth and flowering performance of different species of Calla Lily
in different kinds of slow release fertilizer, determine the effect of different kinds of slow
release fertilizers with regards tocutflower yield and quality; and to determine the
economics of using the different kinds of slow release in different species of calla lily
production.
Result showed, that application of 6g of Multicote per 15 cm black plastic bag
was the best slow release fertilizer combination to the different calla lily species, the yellow
calla species and the white calla specie.It promoted earlier flowering, vegetative growth
that resulted to taller plants and long stem cutflowers. It is recommended as a slow-release
fertilizer for different species of calla lily species for production.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Plant Height (cm)
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were obtained on the
initial height of the two species of Calla lily plants measured at transplanting (Table 1.)
Tallest plants were recorded from the Zanthedeschiaaethiopica(white) with a mean of
30cm.
On the other hand, the shortest plants observed from theZanthesdiaelliottiana
(yellow) with only 22cm, or approximately 8 cm shorter than the tallest plants of
Zanthedeschiaaethiopica.
These results may be due to not uniformed sizes of the corms planted were in the
different growing characteristics of the different species.
Effect of slow release fertilizers.Table 1 show that there were no significant
differences on the initial height of calla plants 1 month transplanting. As affected by the
different slow release fertilizers applied. Means ranges from 25 cm. to 25.67 cm.
Interaction effect. Table 1 show that there were no significant differences on the
interaction effects of calla lily species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This
may due to the slow release fertilizers are not yet significant to the growth of different
species.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Initial Number of Leaves 1 Month after Transplanting
Effect of calla lily species.Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences
on the initial number of leaves of calla plants observed at transplanting. This may due to
the inherent growth characteristics of the plants.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 2 shows that there were no significant
differences on the initial number of leaves of calla lily as affected by the different slow
release fertilizers applied. This may due to the fact that the effect of the slow release
fertilizer absorbed by the plants was not yet significant at their growth stage.
Table 1. Initial plant height
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla Lily Species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
24.444b
Zanthesdia elliottiana
26.222a
Slow Release Fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
25.000a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
25.667a
Multicote (17-17-17)
25.333a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 2 shows that there were no significant
differences on the initial number of leaves of calla lily as affected by the different slow
release fertilizers applied. This may due to the fact that the effect of the slow release
fertilizer absorbed by the plants was not yet significant at their growth stage.
Interaction effect. Likewise, Table 2 shows that there were no significant
differences on the interaction effect. This may due to the inherent characteristics of the
plants and the slow release fertilizers absorbed by the plants was not yet significant.
Table 2. Initial number of leaves 1 month at transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
2.444a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
2.333a
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
2.333a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
2.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
2.500a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Final Number of Leaves at Flowering
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were noted on the final
number of leaves of the two species of calla lily plants at flowering (Table 3). Tallest plants
were recorded from the Zanthedeschiaaethiopica(white) species having a mean of 6.22
leaves counted at flowering.
On the other hand, the least leaf count per plant were observed from the
Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) species with a mean of 4.67 leaves or approximately 1.56
leaves count lease than the leaf count of Zanthedeschiaaethiopica(white) species.
Effect of slow release Fertilizer.Table3 shows that there were no significant
differences on the final number of leaves of calla plants counted at harvesting. This may
be due to the inherent characteristics of the plant. Leaf count ranges from 2.33 to 2.5.
Table 3. Final number of leaves at flowering (cm)
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
6.222a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
4.667b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
4.833c
Osmocote (18-6-12)
5.167b
Multicote (17-17-17)
6.333a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Interaction effect. Likewise, table 3 shows that there were no significant differences
on the interaction effect. This may be due to the inherent characteristics of the plant.
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were obtained on the final
height of calla lily species at flowering (Table3). Tallest plants were recorded from the
Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species with the mean of 53.03 cm. On the other hand,
the shortest plant where observed from the Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) species with a
mean of 45.58 cm or approximately 7.46 cm shorter than the tallest plants of
Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species .
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Highly significant differences were shown on the
final height of callas as affected by the different kinds of slow release fertilizer. Application
of Multicote produced the tallest plants with a mean of 49.10 cm. Osmocote (14-14-14)
produces the shortest with a mean of 47.78 cm. These results may due to the different rates
of the NPKin the fertilizer applied.
Interaction effect. Table 4 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plants that can be all combined to the different slow release
fertilizer.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation (1cm bud size)
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were seen on the number
of days from planting to flower bud formation as affected by the different species of Calla
lily. Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) flowered after a mean of 135.56 days and
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) flowered after a mean of 94.00 days. These findings
explained that yellow calla was earlier to form its flower buds than the white calla based
on their results.
This may be due to the different characteristics of the different species on their
reproductive stage.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 5 shows that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation as affectedby
the application of the different slow release fertilizers. This may be due to the flowering
characteristics of the varieties.
Table 4. Final height at flowering (cm)
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
53.033a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
45.578b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
47.783c
Osmocote (18-6-12)
49.100b
Multicote (17-17-17)
51.033a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Interaction effect. Table 5 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant.
Days from Flower Bud Formation to 50% Anthesis
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were noted on the days
from flower bud formation to 50% anthesis on the two species of calla lily plants. Table 6
reveals that Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) species flower bud formation to 50% anthesis,
significantly earlier with a mean of 5.00 days from tight bud stage. This followed by the
cutflower ofZanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species with a mean of11.89 days.
Effect of slow release fertilizer.Table 6 shows that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from flower bud formation to 50% anthesis in the calla
species grown. This may due to the different characteristics of the two species of calla lily
plants.
Interaction effect. Table 6 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant.
Stem Length at Harvest
Effect of calla species. Highly significant differences were noted on the stem length
ofcutflowers at harvest of thee two species of calla lily measured upon harvest.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
135.556a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
94.000b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
106.833a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
123.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
114.167a
Longest stem length was recorded from the white calla lily with the mean of 47.17cm;
while the shortest cutflower stem were measured from the Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow)
with a mean ofMeans with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
36.01 cm, or approximately 11.16 cm shorter than the longest cutflower stems measured
in Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white).
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Highly significant differences were obtained on the
different kinds of slow release fertilizers on the stem length at harvest shown in Table 7.
Plants applied of multicoteMulticote (17-17-17) produced cutflowers with the longest
stems of 46.50cm. Those applied of Osmocote (18-6-12) has longest cutflower stems
having a mean of 42.250 cm while those applied to osmocote (14-14-14) had a mean of
36.02. However those applied with multicote (17-17-17) and Osmocote (18-6-12) had the
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
cutflower stems (Table 7) are the best because this may be due to the NPK content of the
two fertilizers.
Interaction effect. Table 7 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant.
Flower Bud Length at Harvest
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were noted on the flower
bud length at harvest of the two species of calla lily measured upon harvesting (Table 8).
Longest flower buds were recorded from the Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species with
the mean of 12.28 cm. while smallest flower buds obtained from the Zanthesdiaelliottiana
(yellow) species with a mean of 8.189 cm, or approximately 4.089 cm shorter than the
tallest plant between the two calla species.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. The effect of different slow release fertilizers
applied on the flower bud length were highly significant (Table8).Plants applied with
Multicote (17-17-17)has the highest mean of 10.95 cm. Plants applied with Osmocote (18-
6-12) has longer flower buds with a mean of 9.88 cm compared to those applied with
Osmocote (14-14-14) with a mean of 9.87 cm
Interaction effect. Highly significant differences on the interaction effect on
different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
significantly effect to the different species to the effect on the slow release fertilizer
applied.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 6. Days from flower bud formation to 50% anthesis
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
11.889a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
5.000b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
8.000a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
8.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
9.000a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Vaselife
Effect of calla lily species.Highly significant on the vaselife of the two species of
calla lily (table9). Longest vaselife were recorded from the white calla lily with the mean
of 9.222 cm. On the other hand, the shortest vaselife were recorded from the yellow calla
lily with the mean of
5.667 cm or approximately 3.555 cm. This may due to the flowering characteristics of the
two varieties.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 7.Stem length at harvest
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
47.167a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
36.01b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
36.071b
Osmocote (18-6-12)
42.250a
Multicote (17-17-17)
46.500a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 9 shows that there were no significant
differences on vaselife of the cutflower harvested. This may be due to the natural cutflower
characteristics at harvest.
Interaction effect. Table 8 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant at harvest.
Number of flower produced per plant.
Effect of different species.Highly significant differences on the number of flower
of the two species of calla lily shown in Table 10. As observed during the research, the
white calla lily species continuously produce flowers after it attains the reproductive stage
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
while yellow calla lily it will die after it reaches its reproductive stage. This may due to the
different characteristics of the two species.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 10 shows that there were no significant
differences on the number of flower produced per plant. This may be due to the nature
plant characteristics of the different species at reproductive stage.
Interaction effect. Table 10 shows no significant differences on the interaction
effect on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to
the inherent genetic characteristics of the plant.
Table 8.Flower bud length at harvest.
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
12.278a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
8.189b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
9.867b
Osmocote (18-6-12)
9.883b
Multicote (17-17-17)
10.950a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 9.Vaselife
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
9.222a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
5.667b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
4.623a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
2.101a
Multicote (17-17-17)
1.350a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Interaction effect. Table 10 shows no significant differences on the interaction
effect on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to
the inherent genetic characteristics of the plant.
Initial soil Analysis
The initial soil analysis before transplanting showed that the soil had 6.0 pH which
is slightly acidic. The soil contains high amount of nitrogen, low amount of phosphorous
and it had a sufficient amount of Potassium.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 10.Number of flowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
1.889a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
1.000b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
1.500a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
1.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
1.500a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table11. Initial soil analysis
pH
OM(%)
N (%)
P (ppm)
K (ppm)
6
19.87
1.68
11.94
108.57
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Documents of the Study in Pictures
Figure 1 shows the different species of calla lily one month after transplanting
applied with different slow release fertilizers, Figure 2 shows the flowering stage of
Zanthedeschia aethiopicaas affected by different slow release fertilizers, and Figure 3
shows the flowering stage of Zanthesdia elliottianaas affected by different slow release
fertilizers.
Figure 1.Different species of calla lily one month after transplanting applied with different
slow release fertilizers
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Figure 2. Flowering stage of Zanthedeschiaaethiopicaas affected by different slow release
fertilizers
Figure 3. Flowering stage ofZanthesdiaelliottianaas affected by different slow release
fertilizers.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted at the ornamental Horticulture Research Project Area of
the Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2012 to March 2013
to evaluate the growth and flowering performance of different species to the effect of the
slow release fertilizer and to determine the best slow release fertilizer for calla lily
production.
Results revealed that there is higher significant differences on the initial height,
final height and final number of leaves at flowering, number of days from transplanting to
flower bud formation to 50% anthesis, stem length and flower bud at harvest, vaselife and
lastly to the number of flower produced as affected by the different species of calla lily.
Application of multicote promoted vegetative growth and producing the tallest plants.
The initial soil analysis before transplanting showed that the soil had 6.0 pH
which is slightly acidic. The soil contains high amount of nitrogen, low amount of
phosphorous and it had a sufficient amount of Potassium.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Conclusion
It is therefore concluded that the application of slow release fertilizer Multicote to
any of the different Calla Lily species is highly significantly improve the vegetative growth
producing taller plants with longer stems compared to other slow release formulations
applied.
Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study, application of 6g multicote in the 15 cm PEP
bags is the best for any of the different calla lily species; it is recommended as a slow-
release fertilizer for different species of calla lily cut flower to produce taller plants with
longer stems.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
LITERATURE CITED
BALDWIN, S. and WELSH, T.E. 1986.Calla Lilies. A New Zealand PerspectiveDepar-
tmentof Hort. Sci. Massey University, Parlmeuton North, New Zealand. Pp. 23-24.
EDMUND, J.R. and F.S. ANDREWS. 1964. Fundamentals of Horticulture. New Delphi.
Tata Mc Grow Hill Book Co. Inc. Pp. 403-404, 407-409.
JANICK, J. 1972. Horticultural Science. San Francisco. W.H. Freeman and Co. P. 441.
LARSON, R.A. 1980. Introduction to Floriculture.Department of Horticulture Science.
North Carolina State University. Raleigh, North Carolina. Pp. 290-291.
MACHIS, F.P. Postharvest characteristics of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschiaalbo-maculata)
As Affected by Tinting. BS Thesis (Unpub.). BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp.1-2.
MANAKER, J.W. 1981. Interior PlantscapesIntallaton Maintenance and Management.
New Jersey. Prentice Hall.P. 283.
RIMANDO, T. Jr. 2001. Ornamental Horticulture: A little giant in the Tropics. SEAMO
Regonal Center of Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture.UPLB. Pp. 190192
TERERO, K.A. 2008 Growth and Flowering of Collered Callas as affected by the numb-
er of eyebuds in the corms as planting material. BS Thesis (Unpub.) BSU, La
Trinidad,Benguet. Pp. 1, 3-6.
WELSH, T.E. and S. BALDWIN. 1986. Calla Lilies. A New Zealand Perspective
Departmnetof Hort. Sci. Masey University, Parlmerston North, New
Zealand.Pp.26-28.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013.Growth and Flowering of Different
Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of Different Kinds of Slow Release
Fertilizers. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Arceli G. Ladilad,Ph.D
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Project
Area of Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2012 to March
2013 to evaluate the growth and flowering performance of different species of Calla Lily
in different kinds of slow release fertilizer, determine the effect of different kinds of slow
release fertilizers with regards tocutflower yield and quality; and to determine the
economics of using the different kinds of slow release in different species of calla lily
production.
Result showed, that application of 6g of Multicote per 15 cm black plastic bag
was the best slow release fertilizer combination to the different calla lily species, the yellow
calla species and the white calla specie.It promoted earlier flowering, vegetative growth
that resulted to taller plants and long stem cutflowers. It is recommended as a slow-release
fertilizer for different species of calla lily species for production.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Plant Height (cm)
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were obtained on the
initial height of the two species of Calla lily plants measured at transplanting (Table 1.)
Tallest plants were recorded from the Zanthedeschiaaethiopica(white) with a mean of
30cm.
On the other hand, the shortest plants observed from theZanthesdiaelliottiana
(yellow) with only 22cm, or approximately 8 cm shorter than the tallest plants of
Zanthedeschiaaethiopica.
These results may be due to not uniformed sizes of the corms planted were in the
different growing characteristics of the different species.
Effect of slow release fertilizers.Table 1 show that there were no significant
differences on the initial height of calla plants 1 month transplanting. As affected by the
different slow release fertilizers applied. Means ranges from 25 cm. to 25.67 cm.
Interaction effect. Table 1 show that there were no significant differences on the
interaction effects of calla lily species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This
may due to the slow release fertilizers are not yet significant to the growth of different
species.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Initial Number of Leaves 1 Month after Transplanting
Effect of calla lily species.Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences
on the initial number of leaves of calla plants observed at transplanting. This may due to
the inherent growth characteristics of the plants.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 2 shows that there were no significant
differences on the initial number of leaves of calla lily as affected by the different slow
release fertilizers applied. This may due to the fact that the effect of the slow release
fertilizer absorbed by the plants was not yet significant at their growth stage.
Table 1. Initial plant height
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla Lily Species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
24.444b
Zanthesdia elliottiana
26.222a
Slow Release Fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
25.000a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
25.667a
Multicote (17-17-17)
25.333a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 2 shows that there were no significant
differences on the initial number of leaves of calla lily as affected by the different slow
release fertilizers applied. This may due to the fact that the effect of the slow release
fertilizer absorbed by the plants was not yet significant at their growth stage.
Interaction effect. Likewise, Table 2 shows that there were no significant
differences on the interaction effect. This may due to the inherent characteristics of the
plants and the slow release fertilizers absorbed by the plants was not yet significant.
Table 2. Initial number of leaves 1 month at transplanting
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
2.444a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
2.333a
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
2.333a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
2.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
2.500a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Final Number of Leaves at Flowering
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were noted on the final
number of leaves of the two species of calla lily plants at flowering (Table 3). Tallest plants
were recorded from the Zanthedeschiaaethiopica(white) species having a mean of 6.22
leaves counted at flowering.
On the other hand, the least leaf count per plant were observed from the
Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) species with a mean of 4.67 leaves or approximately 1.56
leaves count lease than the leaf count of Zanthedeschiaaethiopica(white) species.
Effect of slow release Fertilizer.Table3 shows that there were no significant
differences on the final number of leaves of calla plants counted at harvesting. This may
be due to the inherent characteristics of the plant. Leaf count ranges from 2.33 to 2.5.
Table 3. Final number of leaves at flowering (cm)
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
6.222a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
4.667b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
4.833c
Osmocote (18-6-12)
5.167b
Multicote (17-17-17)
6.333a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Interaction effect. Likewise, table 3 shows that there were no significant differences
on the interaction effect. This may be due to the inherent characteristics of the plant.
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were obtained on the final
height of calla lily species at flowering (Table3). Tallest plants were recorded from the
Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species with the mean of 53.03 cm. On the other hand,
the shortest plant where observed from the Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) species with a
mean of 45.58 cm or approximately 7.46 cm shorter than the tallest plants of
Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species .
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Highly significant differences were shown on the
final height of callas as affected by the different kinds of slow release fertilizer. Application
of Multicote produced the tallest plants with a mean of 49.10 cm. Osmocote (14-14-14)
produces the shortest with a mean of 47.78 cm. These results may due to the different rates
of the NPKin the fertilizer applied.
Interaction effect. Table 4 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plants that can be all combined to the different slow release
fertilizer.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation (1cm bud size)
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were seen on the number
of days from planting to flower bud formation as affected by the different species of Calla
lily. Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) flowered after a mean of 135.56 days and
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) flowered after a mean of 94.00 days. These findings
explained that yellow calla was earlier to form its flower buds than the white calla based
on their results.
This may be due to the different characteristics of the different species on their
reproductive stage.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 5 shows that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation as affectedby
the application of the different slow release fertilizers. This may be due to the flowering
characteristics of the varieties.
Table 4. Final height at flowering (cm)
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
53.033a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
45.578b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
47.783c
Osmocote (18-6-12)
49.100b
Multicote (17-17-17)
51.033a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Interaction effect. Table 5 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant.
Days from Flower Bud Formation to 50% Anthesis
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were noted on the days
from flower bud formation to 50% anthesis on the two species of calla lily plants. Table 6
reveals that Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow) species flower bud formation to 50% anthesis,
significantly earlier with a mean of 5.00 days from tight bud stage. This followed by the
cutflower ofZanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species with a mean of11.89 days.
Effect of slow release fertilizer.Table 6 shows that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from flower bud formation to 50% anthesis in the calla
species grown. This may due to the different characteristics of the two species of calla lily
plants.
Interaction effect. Table 6 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant.
Stem Length at Harvest
Effect of calla species. Highly significant differences were noted on the stem length
ofcutflowers at harvest of thee two species of calla lily measured upon harvest.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
135.556a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
94.000b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
106.833a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
123.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
114.167a
Longest stem length was recorded from the white calla lily with the mean of 47.17cm;
while the shortest cutflower stem were measured from the Zanthesdiaelliottiana (yellow)
with a mean ofMeans with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by
DMRT
36.01 cm, or approximately 11.16 cm shorter than the longest cutflower stems measured
in Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white).
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Highly significant differences were obtained on the
different kinds of slow release fertilizers on the stem length at harvest shown in Table 7.
Plants applied of multicoteMulticote (17-17-17) produced cutflowers with the longest
stems of 46.50cm. Those applied of Osmocote (18-6-12) has longest cutflower stems
having a mean of 42.250 cm while those applied to osmocote (14-14-14) had a mean of
36.02. However those applied with multicote (17-17-17) and Osmocote (18-6-12) had the
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
cutflower stems (Table 7) are the best because this may be due to the NPK content of the
two fertilizers.
Interaction effect. Table 7 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant.
Flower Bud Length at Harvest
Effect of calla lily species. Highly significant differences were noted on the flower
bud length at harvest of the two species of calla lily measured upon harvesting (Table 8).
Longest flower buds were recorded from the Zanthedeschiaaethiopica (white) species with
the mean of 12.28 cm. while smallest flower buds obtained from the Zanthesdiaelliottiana
(yellow) species with a mean of 8.189 cm, or approximately 4.089 cm shorter than the
tallest plant between the two calla species.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. The effect of different slow release fertilizers
applied on the flower bud length were highly significant (Table8).Plants applied with
Multicote (17-17-17)has the highest mean of 10.95 cm. Plants applied with Osmocote (18-
6-12) has longer flower buds with a mean of 9.88 cm compared to those applied with
Osmocote (14-14-14) with a mean of 9.87 cm
Interaction effect. Highly significant differences on the interaction effect on
different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
significantly effect to the different species to the effect on the slow release fertilizer
applied.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 6. Days from flower bud formation to 50% anthesis
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
11.889a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
5.000b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
8.000a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
8.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
9.000a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Vaselife
Effect of calla lily species.Highly significant on the vaselife of the two species of
calla lily (table9). Longest vaselife were recorded from the white calla lily with the mean
of 9.222 cm. On the other hand, the shortest vaselife were recorded from the yellow calla
lily with the mean of
5.667 cm or approximately 3.555 cm. This may due to the flowering characteristics of the
two varieties.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 7.Stem length at harvest
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
47.167a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
36.01b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
36.071b
Osmocote (18-6-12)
42.250a
Multicote (17-17-17)
46.500a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 9 shows that there were no significant
differences on vaselife of the cutflower harvested. This may be due to the natural cutflower
characteristics at harvest.
Interaction effect. Table 8 shows no significant differences on the interaction effect
on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to the
inherent characteristics of the plant at harvest.
Number of flower produced per plant.
Effect of different species.Highly significant differences on the number of flower
of the two species of calla lily shown in Table 10. As observed during the research, the
white calla lily species continuously produce flowers after it attains the reproductive stage
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
while yellow calla lily it will die after it reaches its reproductive stage. This may due to the
different characteristics of the two species.
Effect of slow release fertilizer. Table 10 shows that there were no significant
differences on the number of flower produced per plant. This may be due to the nature
plant characteristics of the different species at reproductive stage.
Interaction effect. Table 10 shows no significant differences on the interaction
effect on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to
the inherent genetic characteristics of the plant.
Table 8.Flower bud length at harvest.
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
12.278a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
8.189b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
9.867b
Osmocote (18-6-12)
9.883b
Multicote (17-17-17)
10.950a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 9.Vaselife
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
9.222a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
5.667b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
4.623a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
2.101a
Multicote (17-17-17)
1.350a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Interaction effect. Table 10 shows no significant differences on the interaction
effect on different species and different slow release fertilizers applied. This may be due to
the inherent genetic characteristics of the plant.
Initial soil Analysis
The initial soil analysis before transplanting showed that the soil had 6.0 pH which
is slightly acidic. The soil contains high amount of nitrogen, low amount of phosphorous
and it had a sufficient amount of Potassium.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Table 10.Number of flowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
Calla lily species
Zanthedeschia aethiopica
1.889a
Zanthesdia elliottiana
1.000b
Slow release fertilizer
Osmocote (14-14-14)
1.500a
Osmocote (18-6-12)
1.333a
Multicote (17-17-17)
1.500a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table11. Initial soil analysis
pH
OM(%)
N (%)
P (ppm)
K (ppm)
6
19.87
1.68
11.94
108.57
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Documents of the Study in Pictures
Figure 1 shows the different species of calla lily one month after transplanting
applied with different slow release fertilizers, Figure 2 shows the flowering stage of
Zanthedeschia aethiopicaas affected by different slow release fertilizers, and Figure 3
shows the flowering stage of Zanthesdia elliottianaas affected by different slow release
fertilizers.
Figure 1.Different species of calla lily one month after transplanting applied with different
slow release fertilizers
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Figure 2. Flowering stage of Zanthedeschiaaethiopicaas affected by different slow release
fertilizers
Figure 3. Flowering stage ofZanthesdiaelliottianaas affected by different slow release
fertilizers.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted at the ornamental Horticulture Research Project Area of
the Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2012 to March 2013
to evaluate the growth and flowering performance of different species to the effect of the
slow release fertilizer and to determine the best slow release fertilizer for calla lily
production.
Results revealed that there is higher significant differences on the initial height,
final height and final number of leaves at flowering, number of days from transplanting to
flower bud formation to 50% anthesis, stem length and flower bud at harvest, vaselife and
lastly to the number of flower produced as affected by the different species of calla lily.
Application of multicote promoted vegetative growth and producing the tallest plants.
The initial soil analysis before transplanting showed that the soil had 6.0 pH
which is slightly acidic. The soil contains high amount of nitrogen, low amount of
phosphorous and it had a sufficient amount of Potassium.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
Conclusion
It is therefore concluded that the application of slow release fertilizer Multicote to
any of the different Calla Lily species is highly significantly improve the vegetative growth
producing taller plants with longer stems compared to other slow release formulations
applied.
Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study, application of 6g multicote in the 15 cm PEP
bags is the best for any of the different calla lily species; it is recommended as a slow-
release fertilizer for different species of calla lily cut flower to produce taller plants with
longer stems.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013
LITERATURE CITED
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EDMUND, J.R. and F.S. ANDREWS. 1964. Fundamentals of Horticulture. New Delphi.
Tata Mc Grow Hill Book Co. Inc. Pp. 403-404, 407-409.
JANICK, J. 1972. Horticultural Science. San Francisco. W.H. Freeman and Co. P. 441.
LARSON, R.A. 1980. Introduction to Floriculture.Department of Horticulture Science.
North Carolina State University. Raleigh, North Carolina. Pp. 290-291.
MACHIS, F.P. Postharvest characteristics of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschiaalbo-maculata)
As Affected by Tinting. BS Thesis (Unpub.). BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp.1-2.
MANAKER, J.W. 1981. Interior PlantscapesIntallaton Maintenance and Management.
New Jersey. Prentice Hall.P. 283.
RIMANDO, T. Jr. 2001. Ornamental Horticulture: A little giant in the Tropics. SEAMO
Regonal Center of Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture.UPLB. Pp. 190192
TERERO, K.A. 2008 Growth and Flowering of Collered Callas as affected by the numb-
er of eyebuds in the corms as planting material. BS Thesis (Unpub.) BSU, La
Trinidad,Benguet. Pp. 1, 3-6.
WELSH, T.E. and S. BALDWIN. 1986. Calla Lilies. A New Zealand Perspective
Departmnetof Hort. Sci. Masey University, Parlmerston North, New
Zealand.Pp.26-28.
Growth and Flowering of Different Species of Calla Lily (Zanthedeschia sp.) as Affected of
Different Kinds of Slow Release Fertilizers | BADONGEN, ELME L. APRIL.2013