BIBLIOGRAPHY COPSIYAT, MARLON B. MAY 2010. ...

BIBLIOGRAPHY
COPSIYAT, MARLON B. MAY 2010. Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer
arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under La Trinidad Benguet conditon. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Fernando R. Gonzales, PhD
ABSTRACT

The study was conducted at Balili Experimental Station, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet from November 2009 to April 2010 to determine the growth and yield
response of chickpea to frequency of irrigation and to determine the best interval of irrigation
that would ensure higher yield under Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet condition.
Results show that Kabuli type varieties used irrigated every 5 days were the earliest to
attain 50% flowering while Desi type varieties significantly flowered later. Kabuli type varieties
irrigated every 15 days were the earliest to attain harvesting stage. As to average plant height at
flowering, ICCV 95334 irrigated every 15 days were the tallest plant at flowering. Every 15 days
irrigation interval on variety ICCV 06102 produced more number of lateral branches, although
comparable with the varieties ICCV 93954, ICCV 93952 and ICCV 2. As to average number of
pods per plant and average number of filled pods, Kabuli type ICCV 2 irrigated every 15 days
had significantly the highest number of pods per plant, number of filled pods, highest yield per
plant, highest yield per plot and heaviest computed yield per hectare. As to weight of 100 seeds
(g), ICCV 953394(a big-seeded Kabuli variety) irrigated every 15 days attained the heaviest 100
seeds weight (g) under Benguet Sate University, La Trinidad, Benguet conditions with an
average temperature range of 16-24oc and Relative Humidity of 85-94%.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
RESULTSAND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15

Days from Planting to

50% Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Average Plant Height at

Flowering (cm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Days from Planting to

Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
18

Number of Lateral Stems

at Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Average Number of Pods

Per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Average Number of Filled

Pods per Plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23

Average Number of Unfilled

Pods per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25

Total Seed Yield per Plant (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27

Total Yield per Plot (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30

Computed Yield per Hectare

(kg/ha) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

ii

Weight of 100 seeds (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

iii

1

INTRODUCTION

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a small bushy annual plant. The plant grows
approximately 30 to 60 cm tall. It has well developed root system. The root usually
include central strong tap root, with numerous lateral branches that spread out in all
directions in at the upper layer of the soil (Singh, 1983).

Chickpea is widely cultivated in warm temperate and tropical areas for its edible
seed. Plants only succeed outdoors in Britain in hot summers. Plants are about as hardly
as broad beans but they often do not succeed in mild moist maritime climates because the
seed pods are hairy and this holds moisture. Plants require 4-6months with moderately
warm dry conditions if they are to crop well.

Chickpea is a very important pulse crop that grows as a seed of plant named Cicer
arietinum L. in the Leguminosae family. This light brown colored pulse is considered to
be good source of protein and is also called by the name Garbanzo beans. This plant has
the capacity to stand in drought conditions; this crop doesn’t have the requirement of
being fed with nitrogen fertilizers.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has one of the highest nutritional compositions of
any dry edible legume. It is the most important legume grown globally. Because of its
nutritious edible seeds, the whole seed or split seed are used in flour for preparing variety
of snack, raw or roasted fresh green chickpeas and straw as a livestock feed. The plant is
free from various anti- nutritional factors and has high protein (23%), total carbohydrates
(64%) and dietary fiber content. Chickpeas are rich in minerals and vitamins.

Chickpea is mainly used for human consumption and only a small proportion is
used as food. The kabuli type (white or cream seed coat) is generally used as a whole
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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grains, while desi type (colored seed coat) requires a specialized process called
decortications, to remove its seed coat if it is used for human food. Chick pea is also
known for its use in herbal medicine and cosmetics.

Chickpea however, have not been introduced in the Cordilleras especially in
Benguet. This is due to lack of information and no available planting materials. The
introduction of new highbred ICRISAT cultivars of chickpea coupled with the generation
of location specific technologies for the highlands of CAR, chickpea could become a
major cash earner.

Sustaining the domestic demand, introducing chickpea in the highlands of
Cordillera like Benguet and increasing yield per area through selection of adaptable
varieties is the cheapest and easiest technology.

The objectives of the study were to determine the growth and yield response of
chickpea to frequency of irrigation under Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet
condition and to determine the best interval of irrigation that would ensure higher yield
under BSU, La Trinidad condition.
The study was conducted from November to April 2010 at Balili Experimental
Station, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Botany of Chickpea

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is erect or spreading, stems are branched,
sometimes shrubby much branched, 0.2-1 m tall, glandular pubescent olive, dark green or
bluish green in color. Root system is robust, up to 2 m deep, but major portion up to 60
cm. leaves imparipinnate, glandular pubescent with 3 to 8 pairs of leaflets and a top
leaflet (rachis ending in a leaflet); leaflets ovate to elliptic, 0.6-2.0 cm long,.3-1.4 cm
wide; margin serrate, apex acumenate to aristate, base cuneate stipules 2-5 toothed,
stipules absent. Flowers solitary, sometimes 2 per inflorescence axillary, peduncles 0.6-3
cm long , pedicels .5-1.3 cm long, braces triangular calyx 7-10 mm long; corolla white,
pink, purplish or blue, .8-1.2 cm long. The staminal column is diadelphous (9-1) and the
ovary is sessile, inflated and pubescent (Duke, 1981; Cubero, 1987; cleaning, drying, and
aeration are necessary to control seed beetles. A thin coating with vegetable 1987, Van
der Maesen, 1987). Pod rhomboid ellipsoid, 1-2 with three seeds as a maximum, and
inflated, glandular pubescent. Color of seeds may vary from cream, yellow, brown, white,
dark brownish, rounded to angular, seed coat smooth or wrinkled, laterally compressed
with a median groove around two-thirds of the seed, anterior baked; germination
cryptocotylar (Duke, 1981; Cubero, 1987, Van der Maesen, 1987).

Importance and Medicinal Uses

Chickpeas are helpful source of zinc, folate and protein. They are also very high
in dietary fiber and hence a healthy source of carbohydrates for persons with insulin
sensitivity or diabetes. Chickpeas are low in fat and most of this is polyunsaturated. One
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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hundred grams of dietary fiber and 8.9 grams protein. Chickpeas also provide dietary
calcium content as about the same yogurt and close to milk.

Chickpea is the most hypocholesteremic agent; germinated chickpea was reported
to be effective in controlling cholesterol level in rats (Geervani, 1991). Glandular
secretion of the leaves, stems and pods consists of malic and oxalic acids, giving a sour
taste. In India these acids used to be harvested by spreading thin Muslim over the crop
during the night. In the morning the soaked cloth is wrung out, and the acids are collected
in bottles. Medicinal applications include use for aphrodisiac, bronchitis, catarrh,
cutamenia, cholera, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, snakebite, sunstroke,
and warts. Acids are supposed to lower the blood cholesterol levels. Seeds are considered
antibilious (Duke, 1981).

Water Requirement
Better adapted to low water supply, Meets its water requirement from conserved moisture
in deep soils. In heavy soils and under late-sown conditions, it is better to provide two irrigations,
one at branching and another at the pod-initiation stage.
Moisture stress in the early stages will result in low and non-uniform plant stands,
Stunted plants reduced branching and pale-colored lower leaves

Harvesting and Threshing

Chickpeas mature in 3-7 months and the leaves turn brown/yellow during
maturity. For dry seeds, the plants are harvested at maturity or slightly earlier by cutting
them close to the ground or uprooting. The plants are stacked in the field for a few days
to dry and later the crop is threshed by trampling or beating with wooden flails. The chaff
is separated from the grain by winnowing. Tall cultivars are suitable for mechanized
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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harvesting in which case combines can be used. Chickpeas are usually stored in bags, but
are more subject to insect damage than when stored in bulk. Proper oil can reduce storage
damage. Sometimes baskets, made from twisted rice straw, are used as storage containers
(Cubero, 1987).
Traditionally, farmers thresh their crop by trampling it with bullocks. The animals
are allowed to walk on the plants in circles. Continuous stirring of material is required
for uniform threshing. For easy threshing and to avoid damage to the seed, the seeds are
removed from the threshing lot when about 60-70% seeds have separated from the straw.

Irrigation

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land for the purpose of
agricultural production. Effective irrigation will influence the entire growth process from
seedbed preparation, germination, root growth, nutrient utilization, plant growth and
regrowth, yield and quality. Irrigation systems should encourage plant growth while
minimizing salt imbalances, leaf burns, soil erosion, and water loss. Losses of water will
occur due to evaporation, wind drift, run-off and water (and nutrients) sinking deep
below the root zone.

Ware (1975) found that to maintain succulence and tenderness, the plant usually
requires continues supply of water through its development. Furthermore, Buckman and
Brady (1969) reported that large quantities of water must be supplied to satisfy the water
requirements of growing plants. Soil moisture helps control other important components
essential to normal plant growth: soil erosion and soil temperature. This confirms the
statement of Briggs and Shants (1973) that water requirement is profoundly affected by
atmosphere conditions. One of the conditions is relative different periods of the year
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

6
show great differences. The lower the relative humidity at a given temperature,
evaporation and transpiration rates increased and decreased with higher relative humidity.

In addition to these, Chapman and Carter (1976) also stated that the amount of
water used directly is related to the yield in all crops. All yield increase, total water used
increased because more water is needed for increased plant growth within the limits of
available moisture and others. However they added that excessive moisture can reduce
crop yield. They pointed that yield reduction is due to excessive moisture. Related to poor
aeration of the soil and reduced oxygen supply for the plants respiratory needs.
According to Knott (1957), frequency of irrigation depends on the total supply of
available moisture reached by the roots and the amount of water used. The first is
affected by soil types, the depth of watered soil and dispersion of roots. The latter is
influenced by weather conditions and the age of the crop.
Though scientists have determined water requirement of most common crops,
Donahue and Shickluna (1971) reported that there are still variations due to the difference
in the soil temperature, related humidity, wind movement, and soil fertility. Plant growth
is affect by the concentration of the soil solution is saline soils as well as the lack of
moisture tension and absorption.
The concentration depends on the amount of water to dissolve salts. On the other
hand, Thompson (1969) claimed that frequency of watering and the quantity of water that
should be applied depend on the depth of the soil which the root penetrates, utilization of
H20 by the crop and loss of proportion from the surface of the soil. Similarly, the Agro-
industrial Guide (1970) as cited by Somera (1981), reported that frequency of irrigation is
dependent upon the type of soil, amount of rainfall, condition of the crop and variety.
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

7
This aggress will with the statement of Chapman and Carter (1976) who reported that the
condition of drought due to moisture stress, total plant growth is reduced. Therefore,
yield increases as the amount of available water increases. The total development of
plants is restricted if photosynthesis limits vegetative growth and total growth, is reduced
proportionately.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

8
MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials used in the study were seeds of chickpea, fertilizers, fungicide,
insecticide, knapsack sprayer, and meter stick, ruler, weighing scale, record books and
other requirements.

The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
with frequency of irrigation as Factor A and cultivar as Factor B. The seeds were planted
singly at a distance of 30 cm between rows and 20 cm between hills. There are 3
replication per treatment with 3 sample plants per 1x3 m plot. The volume of water
applied was 32 liters per plot from planting until harvesting. The treatments were as
follows:
Factor A (Frequency of Irrigation)

F1 After sowing, branching stage, flowering stage (from ICRISAT). Flooding
(Field moisture capacity).

F2 Every 5 days

F3 Every 10 days

F4 Every 15 days
Factor B (Type of cultivar)

“Desi Type”

“Kabuli Type”

V1- ICCV 93952

V4-ICCV 92311

V2- ICCV 94954

V5-ICCV 95334

V3- ICCV 06102

V6- ICCV 07307
Care and maintenance This was done to all samples throughout the duration of the
study. There are 3 samples per plot.
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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Data Gathered

The data gathered are the following:
1. Vegetative growth
A. Days from planting to 50% flowering. This was taken at flowering stage from
sowing to the stage when 50% of plants had opened to flower.
B. Average plant height at flowering (cm). This was taken at flowering stage (1st
flowers).
C. Days from planting to harvesting. This was gathered by counting the number
of days from planting to harvesting.
D. Number of lateral stems at flowering. This was taken at flowering (1st flower).
Average Number of Lateral Stems = Number of Lateral Stems of Sample Plants
Sample Plant
2. Yield

A. Average number of pod/plant. This was computed by dividing the number of
pods produced by sample plants after which the average was solved using the formula.
Average Number of Pods = Total Number of Pods Produced by Sample

Number of Sample Plants

B. Average number of filled pods/plant. This was computed as follows:
Average Number of Filled Pods/Plant = Total Number of Filled Pods Produced by sample

Number of sample plants

C. Average number of unfilled pods/plant. Unfilled pods taken from the average
of 3 sample plants per plot.
D. Total yield per plant. This is the total yield per plant.
E. Total yield per plot (3m2). Total yield of experimental plot
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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F. Computed yield/ha. This was the total yield of experimental plot. (3m2) x 3,
333.33.

3. Seed Quality
A. Weight of 100 seeds (grams). This was taken by weighing 100 seeds (g) of
small, medium, and big at 14% Moisture Content.
4. Meteorological Data (taken at BSU- PAGASA) (Figure 1)
A. Temperature (minimum and maximum °C)
B. Relative humidity (%)
C. Rainfall (mm)
5. Documentation- This was taken through pictures (Figure 2-8)

Meteorological Data

Figure 1 shows the temperature, relative humidity and rainfall during the conduct
of the study under La Trinidad, Benguet condition from November 2009 to March 2010.
The temperature ranged from 21.05°C to 22.95°C. The relative humidity recorded ranged
from 82.755 to 88% while no rainfall was observed during the duration of the study

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

11

Figure 1. Meteorological data during the study

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

12

Figure 2. Overview of the experimental area during land preparation

Figure 3. Overview of the experiment at pod setting stage

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

13

Figure 4. Flowering stage of Desi type Figure 5. Flowering stage of Kabuli type

a
b
Figure 6. Harvesting stage of (a) kabuli type chickpea and (b) desi type chickpea

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

14

a
b

Figure 7. Harvesting (a) at yellow brown stage and (b) threshing

Figure 8. Harvested pods being sun dried from different treatments

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

15
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Days from Planting to 50% Flowering

Effect of variety. The days from planting to 50% flowering was significantly
affected by different varieties used. As shown in Table 1, the Kabuli type chickpea
significantly flowered earlier than the Desi type variety. Apparently, the ICCV 2 Kabuli
type variety were the earliest to produce flower after 45.19 days followed by ICCV
07307 and ICCV 95334 with means of 45.22 and 45.64 while Desi type ICCV 93952 was

Table 1. Days from planting to 50% flowering

TREATMENT
MEAN

(Days)
Variety

ICCV 93952
66.72a

ICCV 93954
65.64b

ICCV 06102
65.81b

ICCV 2
45.19c

ICCV 95334
45.64c

ICCV 07307
45.22c

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
58.22a

Every 5 days
53.35d

Every 10 days
54.39c

Every 15 days
56.85b

CV (%)
1.44

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

16
the latest to attain 50% flowering after 66.72 days.
Effect of frequency of irrigation. Result shows that there were significant
differences on the days from planting to 50% flowering as affected by frequency of
irrigation. Table 1 show that, the chickpea plant irrigated every 5 days were significantly
the earliest to flower with a mean of 53.35 days. While those irrigated after sowing,
branching stage, flowering stage (ICRISAT recommendation) were the latest to attain
50% flowering of 58.22 days.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects observed between
the variety and frequency of irrigation on the days from planting to 50% flowering.

Average Plant Height at Flowering
Effect of variety. Significant differences were observed on the average plant
height at flowering as affected by chickpea varieties. Table 2 showed that, ICCV 95334
were the tallest among the varieties with a mean of 45.12 cm. while ICCV 07307 were
the shortest with 34.41cm. mean.
The observed differences among the chickpea varieties maybe attributed to their
differential adaptability to local conditions as well as their inherent height potentials.
Effect of frequency of irrigation. Significant differences were noted on the
average plant height at flowering as affected by frequency of irrigation. Plants irrigated
every 15 days produced the tallest plant at flowering with 42.59 cm. mean while those
plants that were irrigated every 5 days were the shortest at flowering with a mean of
38.91 cm.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

17
Table 2. Average plant height at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN

(cm)
Variety

ICCV 93952
44.47ab

ICCV 93954
41.56c

ICCV 06102
43.93b

ICCV 2
35.68d

ICCV 95334
45.12a

ICCV 07307
34.41e

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
40.14c

Every 5 days
38.91d

Every 10 days
41.81b

Every 15 days
42.59a

CV (%)
1.95

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant
interaction effects noted between the variety and frequency of irrigation as to the average
plant height at flowering.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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Days from Planting to Harvesting
Effect of variety. Days from planting to harvesting is presented in Table 3.
Results show that there were significant differences noted among the different chickpea
varieties studied. The Desi type (ICCV 93952, ICCV 93954, and ICCV 06102) were the
latest to be harvested with a mean of 137.5 days while Kabuli varieties were the earliest
to be harvested after 123.5 days under Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
with an average temperature of 16-24oc and relative humidity of 85-94%.

Table 3. Days from planting to harvesting
TREATMENT
MEAN

(Days)
Variety

ICCV 93952
137.5a

ICCV 93954
137.5a

ICCV 06102
137.5a

ICCV 2
123.5b

ICCV 95334
123.5b

ICCV 07307
123.5b

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
132.0a

Every 5 days
131.0b

Every 10 days
130.0c

Every 15 days
129.0d

CV (%)
0

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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Effect of frequency of irrigation. Significant differences were noted on the days
from planting to harvesting as affected by frequency of irrigation. Plants irrigated every
15 days were significantly harvested earlier after 129.0 days; while irrigation of chickpea
after sowing, branching stage, flowering stage (from ICRISAT) were the latest to be
harvested with a mean of 132.0 days from sowing the seeds.

Interaction effect. Desi type irrigated every 15 days were the earliest to be
harvested while Kabuli type irrigated from planting, branching stage, flowering stage
(from ICRISAT) were the latest to be harvested as shown in Figure 9.

Number of days from planting to harvesting
Chickpea varieties

Figure 9. Number of days from planting to harvesting

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

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Number Lateral Stems at Flowering

Effect of variety. Table 4 shows that ICCV 06102 had significantly produced the
highest number of lateral stems at flowering with an average of 4.25 which is comparable
to ICCV 2, ICCV 93952 and ICCV 93954 while chickpea variety ICCV 95334 had
produced the lowest lateral stems of 3.36 but was statistically comparable to ICCV
07307. It was observed that Desi type produces more lateral stems than the Kabuli type.

Table 4. Number of lateral stems at flowering
TREATMENT
(MEAN)

Variety

ICCV 93952
4.06a

ICCV 93954
4.22a

ICCV 06102
4.28a

ICCV 2
3.92a

ICCV 95334
3.36b

ICCV 07307
3.39b

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
3.93ab

Every 5 days
3.81ab

Every 10 days
3.59b

Every 15 days
4.15d

CV (%)
12.27

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

21
Effect of frequency of irrigation. The average number of lateral stems at
flowering is presented in Table 4. Result shows that there were significant differences as
affected by the frequency of irrigation. Chickpea plants irrigated every 15 days produced
the highest number of lateral stems at flowering with a mean of 4.15 followed by the
varieties irrigated following the ICRISAT recommendation (planting, branching sage,
flowering stage) and every 5 days interval while irrigating plant every 10 days had
produced the lowest number of lateral stems but was statistically comparable to those
plants irrigated every 5 days and ICRISAT recommendation (planting, branching sage,
flowering stage).
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant
interaction effects between the chickpea varieties and different frequencies of irrigation
used in the study with regards to the average number of lateral stems at flowering.

Average Number of Pods per Plant
Effect of variety. The average number of pods per plant is presented in Table 5.
Result shows that there were significant differences among the chickpea varieties. ICCV
2, a Kabuli type produced the highest number of pods per plant with an average of 304.17
but was statistically comparable to the variety ICCV 93952. While ICCV 95334
produced the lowest number of pods with 131.61 average per plant
Effect of frequency of irrigation. Result shows that there were significant
differences as affected by the frequency of irrigation. Chickpea that were irrigated every
15 days interval produced the highest number of pods per plant (379.63) while chickpea
irrigated every 5 days produced the lowest number of pods per plant of 136.52.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

22
Table 5. Average number of pods per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN

Variety

ICCV 93952
292.42a

ICCV 93954
240.53c

ICCV 06102
271.72b

ICCV 2
304.17a

ICCV 95334
131.61d

ICCV 07307
231.28c

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
229.89b

Every 5 days
136.52c

Every 10 days
235.11b

Every 15 days
379.63a

CV (%)
6.29

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Interaction effect. There were significant differences observed between the two
factors; variety and frequency of irrigation on the average number of pods per plant.
Chickpea varieties irrigated every 15 days had significantly produced more number of
pods per plant while chickpea varieties used in the study that was irrigated every 5 days
had the lowest number of pods per plant (Figure 10).

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

23
Average number of pods per plant

Chickpea varieties

Figure 10. Average number of pods per plant

Average Number of Filled Pods
Effect of variety. Table 6 shows significantly differences on the average number
of filled pods per plant. ICCV 2 had significantly the highest average number of filled
pods with 289.61 mean per plant while variety ICCV 95334 had produced the lowest
number of filled pods with an average of 121.61 plants. The observed differences in the
number of filled pods may be inherent characteristics of each cultivar as explained by
Thompson and Kelly (1959) that testing of varieties is essential since great difference
exists between strains of the same variety in yield, earliness to maturity, size and other
performances.

Effect of frequency irrigation. Result shows significant differences on the average
number of filled pods as affected by frequency of irrigation. Chickpea irrigated every 15
days had significantly produced the highest average number of filled pods with a mean of
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

24
Table 6. Average number of filled Pods
TREATMENT
MEAN

Variety

ICCV 93952
275.14b

ICCV 93954
223.14d

ICCV 06102
253.64c

ICCV 2
289.61a

ICCV 95334
121.61e

ICCV 07307
218.53d

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
214.54b

Every 5 days
125.48c

Every 10 days
218.98b

Every 15 days
362.11a
CV (%)
6.69

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
362.11 while those plants irrigated every 5 days had the lowest number of filled pods of
125.48 per plant. As stated by Chapman and Carter (1976), excessive irrigation limits
plant survival due to poor aeration of the soil that reduced oxygen supply for plants
respiratory activities.

Interaction effect. Figure 11 shows significant differences on the average number
of filled pods/plant as affected by the two factors, variety and frequency of irrigation.
Chickpea ICCV 2 irrigated every 15 days had the highest number of filled pods while

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

25

Average number of filled pods per plant
600

500

400
ICRISAT Reccomendation
300
5 days

200
10 days

100
15 days
0

ICCV
ICCV
ICCV
ICCV 2
ICCV
ICCV
93952
93954
06102
95334
07307

Chickpea varieties
Figure 11. Average number of filled pods per plant

ICCV 95334 irrigated every 5 days had the lowest number of filled pods produced per
plant.
Average Number of Unfilled Pods

Effect of variety. The average number of unfilled pods per plant is presented in
Table 7. ICCV 93952 had significantly the highest number of unfilled pods per plant with
a mean of 18.11 followed by ICCV 06102 and ICCV 93954 while the variety ICCV
95334 had the lowest number of unfilled pods per plant with a mean of 10.00. This result
may be due to the different response of various chickpea cultivars to the existing locality.
Effect of frequency of irrigation. Significant differences were noted on the
average number of unfilled pods per plants as affected by frequency of irrigation.
Chickpea irrigated every 15 days had the highest number of unfilled pods (17.52) while
chickpea plants irrigated every 5 days had the lowest number of unfilled pods per plant
(11.59).

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

26
Table 7. Average number of unfilled pods

TREATMENT
MEAN

Variety

ICCV 93952
18.11a

ICCV 93954
17.39a

ICCV 06102
18.08a

ICCV 2
14.56b

ICCV 95334
10.00d

ICCV 07307
12.75c

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
15.35b

Every 5 days
11.59c

Every 10 days
16.13b

Every 15 days
17.52a
CV (%)
10.01

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Interaction effect. Significant differences on the average number of unfilled pods
were observed as affected by the two factors; variety and frequency of irrigation. ICCV
93952 variety irrigated every 15 days had the highest average number of unfilled pods
per plant having a mean of 26.11, while ICCV 95334 variety irrigated from ICRISAT had
the lowest number of unfilled pods (Figure 12).

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

27

Average number of unfilled pods
35
30
25
20
ICRISAT Reccomendation
15
5 days
10
10 days
15 days
5
0
ICCV
ICCV
ICCV
ICCV 2
ICCV
ICCV
93952 93954 06102
95334 07307
Chickpea varieties

Figure 12. Average number of unfilled pods

Total Seed Yield per Plant

Effect of variety. Total seed yield per plant is presented in Table 8. Result shows
that there were significant differences observed among the different varieties of chickpea
used. Kabuli type ICCV 2 had produced the heaviest yield per plant with a mean of
78.12g. while Desi type ICCV 93954 had attained the lowest yield per plant of 57.43g.
The result clearly supports the statement of Edmund and Andrews (1957) that varieties
differ in productivity as an expression of the hereditary genes influenced by the
environment. The variety best adapted to the environment reflects the high yield potential
according to Villareal (1969).

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

28
Table 8. Total seed yield per plant

TREATMENT
MEAN

(g)
Variety

ICCV 93952
66.52c

ICCV 93954
57.43e

ICCV 06102
65.42c

ICCV 2
78.12a

ICCV 95334
59.94d

ICCV 07307
71.55b

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
64.61b

Every 5 days
34.37d

Every 10 days
63.24c

Every 15 days
103.78a
CV (%)
2.86

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Effect of frequency of irrigation. The different frequency of irrigation showed
significant effects on the total yield per plant. It was noted that chickpea being irrigated
every 15 days interval obtained the highest yield per plant of 103.78 while chickpea
irrigated every 5 days had the lowest yield per plant of 34.37 mean. As stated by
Chapman and Carter (1976), excessive irrigation limits plant survival due to poor
aeration of the soil that reduced oxygen supply for plants respiratory activities.
Results further shows that chickpea plants can tolerate low levels of soil water
moisture and can still produce high yield.
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

29
Interaction effect. Significant differences on the total yield per plant were
observed as affected by the two factors; variety and frequency of irrigation were attained.
Results showed that ICCV 2 irrigated every 15 days produced the heaviest yield per plant
while ICCV 93954 irrigated every 5 days had produced the lowest yield per plant (Figure
13).
Results showed that chickpea can not tolerate excessive moisture which usually
leads to lower yield.

Yield per sample plant (g)
160

140

120

100
ICRISAT Reccomendation

80
5 days

60
10 days

40
15 days

20

0

ICCV
ICCV
ICCV ICCV 2 ICCV
ICCV
93952 93954 06102
95334 07307

Chickpea varieties

Figure 13. Yield per sample plant

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

30
Total Yield per Plot

Effect of variety. Result shows that total yield per plot (1 x 3m) were significantly
affected by varieties of chickpea used. Variety ICCV 2 had the highest yield per plot
(3m2) with a mean of 736.83 grams while variety ICCV 95334 had the lowest total yield
per 3m2 plot of 386.61g.

Table 9. Total yield per plot

TREATMENT
MEAN

(g)
Variety

ICCV 93952
548.93c

ICCV 93954
485.83d

ICCV 06102
605.18b

ICCV 2
736.83a

ICCV 95334
386.61e

ICCV 07307
555.22c

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
589.23b

Every 5 days
312.81d

Every 10 days
454.36d

Every 15 days
856.00c
CV
5.66

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

31
Effect of frequency of irrigation. Table 9 shows that there were significant
differences noted on the total yield per plot as affected by frequency of irrigation.
Chickpea plants irrigated every 15 days had obtained the heaviest total yield per plot
(3m2) of 856.00g while chickpea irrigated every 5 days had the lowest total yield per plot
of 312.81 grams.
Interaction effect. There were significant differences observed between the variety
and different frequencies of irrigation applied on the total yield per plot (Figure 14).
ICCV 2 variety responded when it is irrigated every 15 days by producing the heaviest
yield per plot having a mean of 1072.07 grams while ICCV 95334 irrigated every 5 days
had the lowest yield per plot (3m2) with a mean of 277.33g.

Total Yield per plot (g)
Chickpea varieties

Figure 14. Total yield per plot (g)

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

32
Computed Yield per Hectare

Effect of variety. Table 10 shows the computed yield per hectare. Statistical
analysis showed that there were significant differences among the different chickpea
varieties studied. ICCV 2, a Kabuli type had the highest computed yield per hectare of
2456.11 kilograms while variety ICCV 95334 also a Kabuli type had obtained the lowest
yield per hectare. The yield differences could be due to their inherent yield potentials.

Table 10. Computed yield per hectare

TREATMENT
MEAN

(kg/ha)
Variety

ICCV 93952
1843.75c

ICCV 93954
1619.44d

ICCV 06102
2017.25b

ICCV 2
2456.11a

ICCV 95334
1288.69e

ICCV 07307
1850.72c

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
1964.09b

Every 5 days
1042.69d

Every 10 days
1548.87c

Every 15 days
2828.33a
CV (%)
8.10

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

33
Effect of frequency of irrigation. The different frequencies of irrigation have
significant effect on the computed yield per hectare (kg/ha). Chickpea that were irrigated
every 15 days produced the highest yield per hectare with a mean of 2828.33 kg/ha.
While chickpea irrigated every 5 days had the lowest yield per hectare of 1042.69. These
results may be due to the lower number of pods produced.
Interaction effect. There were significant differences observed between the
chickpea varieties and different frequencies of irrigation on the computed yield per
hectare. Chickpea variety ICCV 2 had the highest computed yield per hectare (kg/ha)
with a mean of 3573.6 at every 15 days irrigation. While ICCV 95334 had the lowest
yield per hectare of 924.4 (kg/ha) and this was irrigated every 5 days (Figure 15).

Computed yield per hectare (kg/ha)
4000
3500

3000
2500

ICRISAT Reccomendation
2000

5 days
1500
10 days
1000
15 days

500

0

ICCV
ICCV
ICCV
ICCV 2
ICCV
ICCV

93952 93954 06102
95334 07307

Chickpea varieties

Figure 15. Computed yield per hectare (kg/ha)

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

34
Weight of 100 Seeds

Effect of variety. As presented in Table 11, results show that there were
significant differences on the weight of 100 seeds (g) as affected by variety of chickpea
used. Statistical analysis showed that ICCV 95334 a large seeded Kabuli type had the
heaviest weight of 41.13 g/100 seeds while ICCV 2 had the lowest 100 seed weight of
24.16 but was comparable to ICCV 93954 with a mean of 24.47. Thus, these results
indicate that seed weight depends on the seed size. The bigger the seed the heavier the
weight and the smaller the seed the lower the weight.

Table 11. Weight of 100 seeds

TREATMENT
MEAN

(g)
Variety

ICCV 93952
25.33d

ICCV 93954
24.47e

ICCV 06102
26.42c

ICCV 2
24.16e

ICCV 95334
41.13a

ICCV 07307
34.14b

Frequency of Irrigation

After sowing, branching stage,

flowering stage (from ICRISAT)
29.33b

Every 5 days
27.62c

Every 10 days
29.21b

Every 15 days
30.94a

CV (%)
1.46

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

35
Effect of frequency of irrigation. Significant differences were observed on the
weight of 100 seeds (g) as affected by frequency of irrigation. Chickpea plants irrigated
every 15 days had obtained the heaviest 100 seeds weight with a mean of 30.94 (g)
compared to those plant irrigated every 5 days with 27.62g/100 seed.
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant
interaction effects between the different varieties and different frequency of irrigation on
the weight of 100 seeds.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

36
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The study was conducted to determine the growth and yield of chickpea to
frequency of irrigation under Benguet State University La Trinidad Benguet condition
and to determine the best interval of irrigation that would ensure higher yield under
Benguet State University La Trinidad Benguet condition. The study was conducted from
November 2009 to April 2010.

Results showed significant differences between the chickpea varieties and
frequency of irrigation. Kabuli type ICCV 2 irrigated every 5 days interval were the
earliest to attain 50% flowering and irrigated every 15 days Kabuli type variety were the
earliest to attain harvesting sage while Desi type ICCV 93952 irrigated after sowing,
branching stage and flowering stage (from ICRISAT) took longer days to flower and
harvesting stage. On the average plant height at flowering (cm), results showed
significant differences wherein ICCV 95334, a Kabuli type irrigated every 15 days were
the tallest plants at flowering while ICCV 07307 irrigated every 5 days had the shortest
plants at flowering. With regards the average number of lateral stems at flowering, ICCV
0610 irrigated every 15 days produced more lateral stems. However it was comparable to
ICCV 93954, ICCV 93952 and ICCV

On the average number of pods per plant and number of filled pods per plant, a
kabuli type variety ICCV 2 that was irrigated every 15 days had significantly higher
number of pods and number of filled pods per plant and outyielding the chickpea
varieties evaluated. But as to the number of unfilled pods, desi type ICCV 93952 irrigated
every 15 days had the highest number of unfilled pods but were comparable to ICCV
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

37
06102 and ICCV 93954 as compared to Kabuli varieties. For the total yield per plant,
total yield per plot and computed yield per hectare significantly higher yield was noted in
ICCV 2 irrigated every 15 days and out yielding the rest of the varieties evaluated.
Kabuli type variety ICCV 95334 irrigated every 15 days significantly had the
heaviest weight of 100 seeds (g) as compared to ICCV 2 irrigated every 5 days which
produced the lightest weight of 100 seeds.

Conclusion

Based on the results and discussions presented, chickpea desi and kabuli type
varieties were adopted under Balili experimental station, Benguet State University La
Trinidad Benguet condition grown with different frequencies of irrigation. Kabuli type
ICCV 2 irrigated every 5 days were the earliest to attain flowering followed by ICCV
07307 and ICCV 95334. Kabuli type variety 95334 was the tallest variety irrigated every
15 days. On the number of days from planting to first harvest, kabuli types irrigated every
15 days interval were the once harvested earlier. ICCV 06102 a desi type irrigated every
15 days produced the highest number of lateral branches. It was noted that kabuli type
variety ICCV 2 irrigated every 15 days produced the highest number of pods per plant,
highest number of filled pods, highest yield per plant, highest yield per plot and had the
heaviest yield per hectare.ICCV 95334, a kabuli type obtained the heaviest weight of 100
seeds (grams) irrigated every 15 days interval.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

38
Recommendation

Based on the results of the study, it is therefore recommended that irrigation every
15 days should be done on chickpea Desi type ICCV 06102 and Kabuli type ICCV 2 as
the best suited interval of irrigation with zero rainfall under Balili Experimental Station,
Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

39
LITERATURE CITED

BRIGGS, L. and L. SHANTS. 1973. Water Requirement of Plants. USDA-BPI Bull 285

BUCKMAN, H.C. and Brady. 1969. The Nature and Properties of Soils. New York: The
MacMillan Books Co. pp. 152-161.

CHAPMAN, S. R. and L. P. Carter. 1976. Crop Production Principles and Practices. San
Francisco: W.H. Freeman on Co P. 419

CUBERO, J. I. 1987. Morphology of Chickpea. p. 35-66. In: M.C. Saxena and K.B.
Singh (eds.), the Chickpea. CAB. International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8DE,
UK.

DUKE, J.A. 1981. Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance. Plenum Press,
New York. p. 52-57.

DONAHUE, R. and J.C. SHICKLUNA. 1971. Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Pp. 211, 214-216.

EDMUND, J. R. and F. S. ANDREWS. 1957. Fundamentals of Horticulture.Mc. Graw
Hill Book Company, New York. Pp. 68-70.

GEERVANI, P. 1991. Utilization of Chickpea in India and Scope for Novel and
Alternative Uses. Pp. 47-54. In: Uses of Tropical Grain Legumes: Proceedings
of Consultants' Meeting, 27-30 March, 1989. ICRISAT Center, Patancheru
Andhra Pradesh, India.

KNOTT, J.E. 1957. Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia. UPCA, Los
, Laguna.
P. 83.

SINGH , C. 1983. Modern Techniques of Raising of Field Crops. New Delhi. Oxford
and IBH. P ub. Co. Pp. 170-173

SOMERA, A. B. 1981. Effects of water stress on two varieties of bulb onion. MS Thesis.
MSAC, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 60.

THOMPSON, H.C. 1969.Vegetable Crops. New York: McGraw-Hill Publication Co. Inc.
P. 60.

THOMPSON, H. and W. KELLY. 1959. Vegetable Crops. McGraw-Hill Book Co. P.
440.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

40
VAN DER MAESAN, L.J.G.1987. Cicer L. Origin, History and Taxonomy of
Chickpea. P11-34.In:M.C.Saxena and K.B. Singh (ed.), the Chickpea. C.A.b.
International Cambrian News Ltd, Aberystwyth, UK.

VILLAREAL, R. L. 1969. Seed Vegetable Training Manual, College of Laguna,
University of the Philippines, College of Agriculture.Pp.46-47.

WARE, G.W. 1975. Vegetable Crops. Illinois: The Interstate Printers and Publication,
Inc. Pp. 41, 251.

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

41
APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Days from planting to 50% flowering

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
65.33
65.00
65.33
196.66
65.55
F2
59.00
59.00
60.33
178.33
59.44
F3
70.00
71.00
70.67
211.67
70.56
F4
72.00
71.00
72.00
215.00
71.67
V2 F1
67.33
65.67
66.67
199.67
66.56
F2
59.00
61.33
60.00
180.33
60.11
F3
65.67
65.67
65.33
196.67
65.56
F4
70.00
70.00
71.00
211.00
70.33
V3 F1
65.00
65.00
66.67
196.67
65.56
F2
66.67
64.33
65.33
196.33
65.44
F3
61.00
62.33
62.33
185.66
61.89
F4
70.00
71.00
70.00
211.00
70.33
V4 F1
58.00
59.00
58.00
175.00
58.33
F2
43.33
42.00
42.00
127.33
53.44
F3
41.00
40.00
40.00
121.00
40.33
F4
39.00
40.00
40.00
119.00
39.67
V5 F1
42.00
42.00
42.00
126.00
42.00
F2
50.00
48.00
49.00
147.00
49.00
F3
45.00
45.00
45.00
135.00
45.00
F4
45.00
47.33
47.33
139.66
46.55
V6 F1
50.00
53.00
52.00
155.00
51.67
F2
43.00
43.00
45.00
131.00
43.67
F3
43.00
43.00
43.00
129.00
43.00
F4
42.33
43.33
42.00
127.66
42.55

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF
DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
1.446
0.723

Variety (A)
5
7725.363
1545.073
2415.96
<.00
Frequency of
3
268.612
89.537
140.01
<.00
Irrigation (B)
A X B
15
1231.619
82.108
128.39
<.00
Error
46
29.418
0.640

TOTAL
7I
9256.459

Not significant

Coefficient of variation = 1.44 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

42
Appendix Table 2. Average plant height at flowering (cm)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
45.60
45.00
44.40
135.00
45.00
F2
35.20
35.50
37.13
107.83
35.94
F3
49.67
49.70
47.33
146.70
48.9
F4
48.33
47.67
48.67
144.67
48.22
V2 F1
39.67
38.33
40.67
118.67
39.56
F2
68.43
38.33
36.67
113.43
37.81
F3
39.97
40.63
40.33
120.93
40.31
F4
48.17
48.63
48.83
145.63
48.54
V3 F1
46.83
46.67
47.17
140.67
46.89
F2
41.83
42.50
41.00
125.33
41.78
F3
40.00
41.77
40.50
122.27
40.76
F4
46.33
46.00
46.60
138.93
46.31
V4 F1
40.00
38.43
39.00
117.43
39.14
F2
34.33
33.93
33.33
101.59
33.86
F3
38.27
38.50
37.20
113.97
37.99
F4
31.50
31.50
32.17
95.17
31.72
V5 F1
36.91
36.47
37.27
110.65
36.88
F2
49.53
51.93
48.97
150.43
50.14
F3
47.50
47.33
48.33
143.16
47.72
F4
45.33
45.57
46.27
137.17
45.72
V6 F1
34.2
33.93
32.00
100.13
33.38
F2
34.53
33.23
33.93
101.69
33.90
F3
35.67
35.57
34.80
106.04
35.35
F4
34.17
35.10
35.77
105.04
35.01

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
0.340
0.170

Variety (A)
5
1314.735
262.947
414.60
<.00
Frequency of 3
148.052
49.351
77.81
<.00
Irrigation (B)
A X B
15
877.230
58.482
92.21
<.00
Error
46
29.174
0.634

TOTAL
71
2369.531

Not significant

Coefficient of variation = 1.95 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

43
Appendix Table 3. Days from planting to first harvest

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
139
139
139
417
139
F2
138
138
138
414
138
F3
137
137
137
411
137
F4
136
136
136
408
136
V2 F1
139
139
139
417
139
F2
138
138
138
414
138
F3
137
137
137
411
137
F4
136
136
136
408
136
V3 F1
139
139
139
417
139
F2
138
138
138
414
138
F3
137
137
137
411
137
F4
136
136
136
408
136
V4 F1
125
125
125
375
125
F2
124
124
124
372
124
F3
123
123
123
369
123
F4
122
122
122
366
122
V5 F1
125
125
125
375
125
F2
124
124
124
372
124
F3
123
123
123
369
123
F4
122
122
122
366
122
V6 F1
125
125
125
375
125
F2
122
122
122
366
122
F3
121
121
121
363
121
F4
120
120
120
360
120

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
0.000
0.000

Variety (A) 5
3528.000 705.600
Infty
<.00
Frequency of 3
90.000 30.000
Infty
<.00
Irrigation (B)

A X B
15
0.000
0.000
.
.
Error
46
0.000
0.000

TOTAL
71
3618.000

Highly significant

Coefficient of variation = 0 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

44
Appendix Table 4. Number of lateral branches at flowering

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
3.67
4.00
4.67
12.34
4.11
F2
4.00
3.67
4.00
11.67
3.89
F3
4.00
3.67
4.67
12.34
4.11
F4
4.67
3.67
4.00
12.34
4.11
V2 F1
4.67
4.67
4.67
14.01
4.67
F2
4.33
4.67
3.33
12.33
4.11
F3
3.67
3.67
3.33
10.67
3.56
F4
4.00
4.67
5.00
13.67
4.56
V3 F1
4.67
5.67
4.00
14.34
4.78
F2
5.00
3.67
3.67
12.34
4.11
F3
3.00
4.33
4.00
11.33
3.78
F4
4.00
4.33
5.00
13.33
4.44
V4 F1
5.00
4.33
4.00
13.33
4.44
F2
4.00
4.00
3.33
11.33
3.78
F3
3.33
3.00
3.33
9.66
3.22
F4
4.00
4.67
4.00
12.67
4.22
V5 F1
2.67
3.00
2.33
8.00
2.67
F2
4.00
3.33
3.33
10.66
3.55
F3
3.67
4.00
3.33
11.00
3.67
F4
3.67
3.67
3.33
10.67
3.56
V6 F1
3.00
3.33
2.33
8.66
2.89
F2
4.00
3.33
3.00
10.33
3.44
F3
3.33
3.67
2.67
9.67
3.22
F4
3.67
4.00
4.33
12.00
4.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
0.680
0.340

Variety (A) 5
9.841
1.968
8.72
<.00
Frequency of
3
2.897
0.966
4.28
.01
Irrigation (B)
A X B
15
7.742
0.516
2.29
.02
Error
46
10.377
0.226

TOTAL
71
31.537

Not significant

Coefficient of variation = 12.7 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

45
Appendix Table 5. Average number of pods per plant

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
243.67
223.67
237.67
705.01
235.00
F2
101.00
100.83
101.50
303.33
101.11
F3
344.00
328.34
346.33
1018.67
339.56
F4
492.67
520.00
469.34
1482.01
494.00
V2 F1
218.00
186.34
212.33
616.67
205.56
F2
79.00
7 8.00
82.67
239.67
79.89
F3
156.34
150.00
145.34
451.68
150.56
F4
518.34
531.00
529.00
1578.34
526.11
V3 F1
338.33
324.34
314.33
977.00
325.67
F2
136.00
143.33
166.00
445.33
148.44
F3
246.66
235.33
229.67
711.66
237.22
F4
404.34
352.00
370.33
1126.67
375.56
V4 F1
380.33
313.34
314.00
1007.67
335.89
F2
175.00
176.67
181.67
533.34
177.78
F3
316.67
293.33
269.33
879.33
293.11
F4
422.33
395.00
412.33
1229.66
409.89
V5 F1
139.00
112.00
126.67
377.67
125.89
F2
85.00
93.66
81.00
259.66
86.55
F3
118.33
125.66
128.00
371.99
124.00
F4
206.67
179.33
184.00
570.00
190.00
V6 F1
158.34
166.66
129.00
454.00
151.33
F2
215.00
244.66
216.33
675.99
225.33
F3
251.67
274.34
272.67
798.68
266.23
F4
278.00
297.33
271.34
846.67
282.22

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
1247.735 623.868

Variety (A)
5
234346.438 46869.288
196.67
<.00
Frequency of
3
543952.324 181317.441
760.85
<.00
irrigation (B)

A X B
15
276748.628 18449.909
77.42
<.00
Error
46
10962.183 238.308

TOTAL
71
1067257.309

Significant

Coefficient of variation = 6.29 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

46
Appendix Table 6. Average number of filled pods

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
231.67
210.00
224.67
666.34
222.11
F2
92.67
92.83
92.83
278.33
92.78
F3
321.67
306.67
325.00
953.34
317.78
F4
466.67
493..33
443.67
1403.67
467.89
V2 F1
203.33
171.67
198.33
573.33
191.11
F2
68.00
66.33
70.67
205.00
68.33
F3
141.67
136.67
131.67
410.01
136.67
F4
489.67
500.67
499.00
1489.34
496.45
V3 F1
315.33
300.67
294.33
910.33
303.44
F2
121.00
129.00
150.33
400.33
133.44
F3
223.33
210.00
205.00
638.33
212.78
F4
392.67
342.00
360.00
1094.67
364.89
V4 F1
368.33
301.67
301.67
971.67
323.89
F2
163.33
166.67
170.00
500.00
166.67
F3
301.67
278.00
255.00
834.67
278.22
F4
402.33
373.33
393.33
1168.99
389.66
V5 F1
131.00
103.33
119.00
353.33
117.78
F2
73.33
83.33
71.00
227.66
75.89
F3
106.00
114.33
116.67
337.00
112.33
F4
197.67
169.33
174.33
541.33
180.44
V6 F1
136.67
143.33
106.67
386.67
128.89
F2
205.00
236.33
206.00
647.33
215.78
F3
241.67
263.67
263.00
768.34
256.11
F4
270.00
288.33
261.67
820.00
273.33

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
1238.189 619.095

Variety (A)
5
216918.008 43383.602
182.75
<.00
Frequency of
3
517293.474 172431.158
726.34
<.00
irrigation (B)
A X B
15
255883.949 17058.938
71.86
<.00
Error
46
10920.229 237.396

TOTAL
71
1002253.849

Significant

Coefficient of variation = 6.69 %

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

47
Appendix Table 7. Average number of unfilled pods

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
12.00
13.67
13.00
38.67
12.89
F2
8.33
8.00
8.67
25.00
8.33
F3
22.33
21.67
21.33
65.33
21.78
F4
26.00
26.67
25.67
78.34
26.11
V2 F1
14.67
14.67
14.00
43.34
14.45
F2
11.00
11.67
12.00
34.67
11.56
F3
14.67
13.33
13.67
41.67
13.89
F4
28.67
30.33
30.00
89.00
29.67
V3 F1
23.00
23.67
20.00
66.67
22.22
F2
15.00
14.33
15.67
45.00
15.00
F3
23.33
25.33
24.67
73.33
24.44
F4
11.67
10.00
10.33
32.00
10.67
V4 F1
12.00
11.67
12.33
36.00
12.00
F2
11.67
10.00
11.67
33.34
11.11
F3
15.00
15.33
14.33
44.66
14.89
F4
20.00
21.67
19.00
60.67
20.22
V5 F1
8.00
8.67
7.67
24.34
8.11
F2
11.67
10.33
10.00
32.00
10.67
F3
12.33
11.33
11.33
34.99
11.66
F4
9.00
10.00
9.67
28.67
9.56
V6 F1
21.67
23.33
22.33
67.33
22.44
F2
10.00
8.33
10.33
28.66
9.55
F3
10.00
10.67
9.67
30.34
10.11
F4
8.00
9.00
9.67
26.67
8.89

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
1.022 0.511

Variety (A)
5
660.348 132.070
57.48
<.00
Frequency of
3
346.814 115.605
50.31
<.00
irrigation (B)

A X B
15
1626.090 108.406
47.18
<.00
Error
46
105.697 2.298

TOTAL
71
2739.971

Significant

Coefficient of variation = 10.01 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

48
Appendix Table 8. Total yield per plant (g)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
512.40
687.60
540.70
1740.70
580.23
F2
218.00
228.60
262.90
709.50
236.50
F3
580.50
621.20
547.60
1749.30
583.10
F4
783.90
806.60
797.00
2387.50
795.83
V2 F1
526.50
565.80
590.40
1682.70
560.90
F2
185.00
188.60
211.70
585.30
195.10
F3
291.10
291.10
266.70
848.90
282.97
F4
903.70
900.30
909.10
2713.10
904.37
V3 F1
702.70
754.90
716.10
2173.70
724.57
F2
354.30
329.30
358.60
1042.20
347.40
F3
640.70
610.10
611.70
1862.50
620.83
F4
743.10
729.50
711.10
2183.70
727.90
V4 F1
944.70
1048.00
1032.40
3025.10
1008.37
F2
369.60
367.00
383.40
1120.00
373.33
F3
500.30
515.60
464.80
1480.70
493.57
F4
1099.00
1102.80
1014.40
3216.20
1072.07
V5 F1
300.70
294.50
281.70
876.90
292.30
F2
273.50
267.90
290.60
832.00
277.33
F3
348.44
307.00
328.50
983.94
327.98
F4
662.60
620.30
663.60
1946.50
648.83
V6 F1
392.30
362.80
351.90
1107.00
369.00
F2
449.40
415.50
476.50
1341.40
447.13
F3
430.60
419.50
403.10
1253.20
417.73
F4
1000.20
982.00
978.80
2961.00
987.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
1270.951 635.476

Variety (A)
5
24831.206 164966.241
168.04
<.00
Frequency of
3
2889799.462 963266.487
981.20
<.00
irrigation (B)

A X B
15
966253.456 64416.897
65.62
<.00
Error
46
45159.376 981.726

TOTAL
71
4727314.450

Significant

Coefficient of variation = 5.66 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

49
Appendix Table 9. Total yield per plot (g)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
1708.00
2292.00
1802.33
5802.33
1934.11
F2
727.00
762.00
876.33
2365.33
788.44
F3
1935.00
2688.66
1825.33
6448.99
2149.66
F4
2613.00
2688.66
2656.66
7958.32
2652.77
V2 F1
1755.00
1886.00
1968.00
5609.00
1869.70
F2
616.67
628.67
705.67
1951.01
650.34
F3
970.33
970.33
889.00
2829.66
943.22
F4
3012.33
3001.00
3030.33
9043.66
3014.55
V3 F1
2342.33
2516.33
2387.00
7245.66
2415.22
F2
1181.00
1097.67
1195.33
3474.00
1158.00
F3
2135.66
2033.66
2039.00
6208.32
2069.44
F4
2477.00
2431.66
2370.33
7278.99
2426.30
V4 F1
3149.00
3493.33
3441.33
10083.66
3361.22
F2
1232.00
1223.33
1278.00
3733.33
1244.44
F3
1667.66
1718.66
1549.33
4935.65
1645.22
F4
3663.33
3676.00
3381.33
10720.66
3573.55
V5 F1
1002.33
981.67
939.00
2923.00
974.33
F2
911.67
893.00
968.70
2773.37
924.46
F3
1161.33
1023.33
1095.00
3279.66
1093.22
F4
2208.66
2067.66
2212.00
6488.32
2162.77
V6 F1
1307.67
1209.33
1173.00
3690.00
1230.00
F2
1498.00
1385.00
1588.33
4471.33
1490.44
F3
1435.33
1398.33
1343.67
4177.33
1392.44
F4
3334.00
3273.33
3262.66
9869.99
3290.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
70111.64 35055.82

Variety (A)
5
9162042.13 1832408.43
81.98
<.00
Frequency of
3
30825357.39 10275119.13
459.71
<.00
irrigation (B)

A X B
15
11612105.18 774140.35
34.64
<.00
Error
46
028157.56 22351.25

TOTAL
71
52697773.89

Significant

Coefficient of variation = 8.10 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

50
Appendix Table 10. Computed yield per hectare (kg/ha)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1 F1
24.00
23.20
23.50
70.70
23.57
F2
26.20
25.10
26.00
77.30
25.77
F3
24.10
24.20
24.40
72.70
24.23
F4
28.00
27.90
27.40
83.30
27.77
V2 F1
24.20
24.00
25.00
73.20
24.40
F2
23.00
23.70
23.60
70.30
23.43
F3
24.90
24.40
24.30
73.60
24.53
F4
25.40
25.30
25.80
76.50
25.50
V3 F1
26.00
25.90
26.00
77.90
25.97
F2
26.40
26.00
26.80
79.20
26.40
F3
26.00
26.30
26.80
79.10
26.37
F4
26.60
27.60
26.60
80.80
26.93
V4 F1
24.90
24.20
24.70
73.80
24.60
F2
22.60
23.10
23.00
68.70
22.90
F3
24.00
24.00
24.30
72.30
24.10
F4
24.70
25.80
24.60
75.10
25.03
V5 F1
43.00
42.30
43.10
128.40
42.80
F2
36.70
36.00
36.70
109.40
36.47
F3
40.50
41.30
41.10
122.90
40.97
F4
44.40
44.000
44.50
132.90
44.30
V6 F1
35.00
34.00
35.00
104.00
34.67
F2
30.10
31.20
30.90
92.20
30.73
F3
35.70
34.30
35.10
105.10
35.03
F4
36.10
36.50
35.80
108.40
36.13

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
0.461 0.230

Variety (A)
5
2847.740
569.548
3116.79
<.00
Frequency of
3
99.816 33.272
182.08
<.00
irrigation (B)

A X B
15
100.792
6.719
36.77
<.00
Error
46
8.406 0.183

Total
71
3057.215

Significant

Coefficient of variation = 1.46 %

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

51
Appendix Table 11. Weight of 100 seeds (g)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
V1
F1
70.17
80.03
69.37
219.57
73.19

F2
22.20
22.47
21.37
66.04
22.01

F3
64.47
65.73
59.30
189.50
63.17

F4
104.23
108.83
110.10
323.16
107.72
V2
F1
44.07
48.40
46.17
138.64
46.21

F2
15.23
14.00
15.03
44.26
14.75

F3
33.40
34.47
33.00
100.87
33.62

F4
134.10
134.47
136.87
405.44
135.15
V3
F1
78.80
75.60
75.87
230.27
76.76

F2
35.17
33.90
36.80
105.87
35.29

F3
49.90
49.57
49.57
149.04
49.68

F4
98.43
100.17
101.30
299.90
99.97
V4
F1
83.50
83.23
82.13
248.86
82.95

F2
40.00
40.97
41.73
122.70
40.90

F3
85.03
84.30
83.60
252.93
84.31

F4
104.67
104.00
104.33
313.00
104.33
V5
F1
55.57
55.27
55.47
166.31
55.44

F2
31.07
31.37
30.90
93.34
31.11

F3
63.57
64.13
64.33
192.03
64.01

F4
92.23
87.40
87.97
267.60
89.20
V6
F1
54.43
53.43
51.53
159.39
53.13

F2
62.00
62.33
62.10
186.43
62.14

F3
86.20
83.63
84.03
253.86
84.62

F4
85.90
86.20
86.80
258.90
86.30

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED T
AB
ULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARES SQAURE
F
0.05
0.01
Block
2
4.385 2.192

Variety (A)
5
443.875 688.775
190.15
<.00
Frequency of
3
43852.693 14617.564
4035.48
<.00
irrigation (B)
A X B
15
14466.123 964.408
266.24
<.00
Error
46
166.624 3.622

TOTAL
71
61933.700

Not significant

Coefficient of variation = .86 %
Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under
La Trinidad Benguet conditon / Marlon B. Copsilat. 2010

Document Outline

Growth and yield response of chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) To Frequency of irrigation under La Trinidad Benguet conditon.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  - Days from Planting to 50% Flowering
  - Average Plant Height at Flowering
  - Days from Planting to Harvesting
  - Number Lateral Stems at Flowering
  - Average Number of Pods per Plant
  - Average Number of Filled Pods
  - Average Number of Unfilled Pods
  - Total Seed Yield per Plant
  - Total Yield per Plot
  - Computed Yield per Hectare
  - Weight of 100 Seeds
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  - Summary
  - Conclusion
  - Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES