BIBLIOGRAPHY BADIVAL, JELYN S. OCTOBER 2008....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BADIVAL, JELYN S. OCTOBER 2008. Effect of Osmocote 15-9-12 on the
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Anthurium cv. Kansako. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Dr. Araceli G. Ladilad,PhD.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Benguet State University Ornamental Horticulture
Research Area from December, 2007 to April, 2008 to evaluate the effects of osmocote
15-9-12 controlled release fertilizer on the vegetative, reproductive growth, yield of
anthurium; to compare the effects of osmocote 15-9-12 with the recommended practice of
fertilizer application in relation to the growth, flowering and yield of anthurium; and to
determine the economics of applying osmocote 15-9-12 in anthurium cutflower
production.
Results revealed that vegetative growth was significantly enhanced with the
application of osmocote 15-9-12 + recommended rate of 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/
5 gal water applied 1 cup/ plant/ week which produced taller plants with longer stems that
were thicker and produced more leaves. Earlier flowering was noted in treatments applied
with osmocote 15-9-12 at a higher rate of 15g/ pot + recommended rate. This treatment
also promoted the production of highest yield and highest ROI compared to plants
applied with the lower rates of osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot and 10g/ pot either applied
alone or in combination with the recommended rate.
Based on the above findings, osmocote 15-9-12 + the recommended rate is
recommended for anthurium cutflower production to improve the vegetative growth,
enhanced flowering and for the production of higher volume of cutflowers and highest
ROI which lead to increased farm income.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. i
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………… iii
INTRODUCTION
Nature of the study………………………………………………………… 1
Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………. 2
Place and Time of Study…………………………………………………... 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The Plant………………………………………………………………….. 3
Growing Medium…………………………………………………………. 3
Effect of Fertilizer on Plant Growth……………………………………… 4
Effect of Slow Release Fertilizer…………………………………………. 4
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………… 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial height……………………………………………………………… 9
Final height………………………………………………………………. 9
Initial number of leaves per plant……………………………………….. 10
Number of leaves at per plant at flowering………………………………. 10
Initial stem thickness…………………………………………………….. 12
Stem thickness at flowering……………………………………………… 13
Number of days from harvesting of the first
flower to formation of the second flower………………………………... 13
iii
Number of days from visible flower bud
formation to harvesting stage…………………………………………….. 14
Length of spathe…………………………………………………………. 16
Width of spathe………………………………………………………….. 17
Cutflower stem length…………………………………………………… 18
Small sized cutflowers…………………………………………………… 19
Medium sized cutflowers………………………………………………… 20
Large sized cutflowers…………………………………………………… 21
Costs and return analysis………………………………………………… 22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION…………………… 28
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………… 30
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………. 32
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INTRODUCTION
Nature of the Study
Osmocote is composed of granules of dry plant nutrients, which had been
encapsulated within multiple layers of polymeric resin. Water vapor penetrates the
permeable shell and dissolves the nutrient care. The resulting osmotic pressure within the
granule meters the liquid nutrients through the coating and into the surrounding soil/media.
The granule increase in size and an osmotic pressure is formed. The dissolved nutrients
gradually diffuse through the membrane coating into the soil. This process continues until
all nutrients in the granules had been dissolved; in this way; continues supply of daily
portion of the plant nutrients is available for plant use.
Osmocote 15-9-12 has total nitrogen composed of 7% ammoniacal nitrogen and 8%
nitrate nitrogen to make it 15% nitrogen. Product longevity is 5-6 months under 70 F
average media temperature. This product is suitable for perennial flowering plants such as
anthuriums and is excellent for hanging plant basket.
Controlled release fertilizers like Osmocote 15-9-12 has several advantages: (1)
they are safe and reliable, such that there is no burning effects when used in the
recommended rate; (2) provide uniform and well balanced crop development since they
provide daily nutrient for the crop: (3) there is continues supply of nutrients: (4) there is
minimal leaching of nutrients: (5) nutrients are made available to targeted plants and not
the weeds: (6) easy to apply and application is once 3-4 months up to 9-10 months period
depending on the product formulation; and (7) saves on labor, transport and storage.
Controlled release fertilizers has been proven effective in several crops based on studies
conducted.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Anthurium is an exotic tropical cutflower crop that can be grown anywhere in the
country in areas with an average night temperature of 18oC and day temperature of 28o C. It
is a shade plant and grows favorably in 60 to 70% light level. Since the root system of this
crop is fleshly, application of fertilizer is in liquid form to prevent injury to the plant.
Weekly application of 1 tbsp urea + quick release 14-14-14 fertilizer is usually done for
improved growth and cutflower yield.
Objectives of the study
The study was conducted to:
1. To evaluate the effects of osmocote 15-9-12 controlled release fertilizer
on the vegetative growth, reproductive growth and yield of anthurium.
2. To compare the effects of osmocote 15-9-12 with the recommended
practice of fertilizer application in relation to the growth, flowering and
yield of anthurium.
3. To determine the economics of applying osmocote 15-9-12 in anthurium
cutflower production.
Place and time of study
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December, 2007 to April 2008.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The Plant
Anthurium belongs to the family Aracea and originated from South America. The
color ranges from white, pink, orange, coral, obake to red of different shades. Anthuriums
are very attractive exotic cutflowers most especially the spathe, which is a modified leaf
and varies in color, size, shape, and the prominence of veins.
There are two types of anthurium species under cultivation: the foliage and the
flowering type. The foliage type has very inconspicuous and decidedly unattractive flowers
and is grown from their handsome and velvety leaves. Anthuriums are not endemic here in
the Philippines and all cultivars of
Anthurium andreanum Linn. Grown locally are
inductions from other countries. Other types of anthuriums grown by enthusiasts include
the obake types, which extremely vary in sizes, and shapes of the spathe. Some obake types
are all green. Others have white and green combinations or red pink or orange and green
spathe.
Growing Medium
Anthuriums grow best in a well-aerated medium with high organic matter content.
It should have good water retention capacity and at the same time produce enough
drainage. It must be able to anchor the roots and stem firmly so that the plant will be
dislodged or easily recline as it grows or when it is subjected to strong winds and rain
(Rosario, 1991).
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Effect of Fertilizer on Plant Growth
Fertilizer is one of the most important ingredients of the total recipe to grow plants.
Plants do need water, air, light, nutrition, soil and temperature all in right ratio at the right
moment and all right period (Scotts, 1996).
Rosario stated that both organic and inorganic fertilizers are used by our local
anthurium growers. The amount depends on the medium used, light conditions and cultivar.
Complete fertilizers carry nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium which plants need for optimum growth and development (Gardner, 1949).
Buyao (1994) reported that basal application of N-P2O5-K2O was needed in
promoting the growth of leaves and stem of plants.
Effect of Slow Release Fertilizer
French and Alsburg (1989) stated that the major advantage of slow release fertilizer
is that a single application can provide the majority of the nutrients for the growing season.
Following the necessary method of application, production of superior quality plants can be
obtained.
Slow release fertilizers are widely used in foliage industries since they supply
adequate amounts of nutrient for extended periods of time (3-12 months) especially on
slow growing plants. Slow release fertilizer releases nutrients slowly but a portion is
available immediately therefore, good quality plants can be obtained when properly
applied. However, it causes damage when excess amount is applied (Joiner, 1982).
Darwin (2004) stated that application of osmocote 15-9-12 enhanced earlier number
of days from flower bud formation to harvesting at 50% anthesis on aster. He
recommended slow release fertilizer at the rate of 80g/m2 osmocote should be applied to
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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improve the vegetative and reproductive growth and increase cutflower yield of the three
aster varieties grown.
Lacay (2004) recommended 40 g osmocote plus + 800 g chicken manure and stated
that it is the best fertilizer treatment for rose cutflower production due to lesser labor in
fertilizer application and lower cost of production giving a ROI of 70%.
Slow release fertilizer at the rate of 30 g/pot osmocote 14-14-14 should be applied
to improve the vegetative and reproductive growth of the African violets cvs. Ginger and
Lady Pink grown in 1:1:1 alnus leaves compost, compost rice hull and garden soil is
recommended (Estong.2005).
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used were established three year old flowering anthurium plants cv.
Kansako, growing media, pesticides, Osmocote 15-9-12 controlled release fertilizer, 14-14-
14, urea, black plastic net house, labels, weighing scale, farm tools.
Methods
The study was arranged in RCBD experimental design with three replications per
treatment.
All recommended production management operation practices like weeding, crop
protection sprays, irrigation and growing media was applied uniformly to all crops to
ensure good growth of the plants and production of quality cutflowers.
The treatments were as follows:
T1- no fertilizer (control)
T2- Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot
T3- Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10 g/ pot
T4- Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15 g/ pot
T5- 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/5 gal water applied 1 cup/plant/week
(Recommended rate)
T6-1tbsp 14-14-14 +1 tbsp 45-0-0/5 gal water applied 1 cup/plant/week
+ Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5 g/ pot
T7-1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water applied 1 cup/ plant/ week
+ Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10 g/ pot
T8-1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp45-0-0/ 5 gal water applied 1 cup/plant/week
+ Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15 g/ pot
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
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Data Gathered
A. Vegetative growth
1. Initial height. This was measured in cm after application of slow-release
fertilizers.
2. Final height at harvesting stage (3/4 maturity) in cm. The plant height was
measured at harvesting stage.
3. Initial number of leaves per plant. This was counted after application of slow-
release fertilizers.
4. Number of leaves per plant at flowering. The number of leaves pre plant was
counted at flowering stage.
5. Initial stem thickness. This was measured in cm after application of slow- release
fertilizers.
6. Stem thickness at flowering (cm). This was obtained by measuring the diameter
of stem at ¾ maturity of flowers.
B. Reproductive growth
1. Number of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation of the
second flower (1 cm bud size). The number of days from harvesting of the first
flower to flower bud formation of the second flower was recorded.
2. Number of days from visible flower bud formation to harvesting stage (3/4
maturity). The number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage was
recorded.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
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C. Cutflower Yield
1. Volume of cutflowers harvested per plant for 4 months duration will be recorded.
2. Volume of cutflowers harvested per treatment for 4 months duration was
recorded.
D. Cutflower Quality
1. Flower size. The length and width of spathes of harvested flowers was measured
in cm.
2. Cutflower stem length at harvest (cm). The length of the stem from the base of
the plant to the flower tip was measured.
E. Cost and Return Analysis. All inputs that were used in the study were recorded and the
return on investment was computed using the formula:
ROI (%) = Gross sale – Total expenses x 100
Total expenses
G. Documentation of study through pictures.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initial Height
Table 1 shows highly significant differences were noted on the initial height of the
anthurium plants measured after the application of Osmocote 15-9-12.
Final Height at Harvesting Stage (3/4 maturity)
Highly significant differences were likewise obtained on the final height of
anthurium plants at flowering as affected by the different fertilizer treatments. As shown on
Table 1, plants applied with 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + the recommended rate of 1 tbsp
14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water at 1 cup/ plant/ week were the tallest with a mean of
96.33 cm. However, it was comparable statistically with plants applied with osmocote 15-
9-12 at 10g/ pot + 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water at 1 cup/ plant/ week
showing a mean of 85.67 cm at flowering; while the control were the shortest with a mean
of 57.33 cm.
The above results confirm with the earliest statement of Martin and Leonard (1970)
that plants grown with sufficient amounts of nitrogen in the soil makes the plant thrifty and
rapid in growth.
Day-a (1999) found that application of 75-75-75 or 100-100-100 kg NPK/ ha
improves plant height, increase number of leaves, affects the production of longer flower
stems, bigger blossoms and higher number of suckers per plant and increase yield of
cutflower in Benguet Lily.
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And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Table 1. Initial height and final height at harvesting stage (cm)
INITIAL FINAL
HEIGHT HEIGHT
TREATMENTS
MEAN MEAN
(cm) (cm)
0-0-0 (control) 54.00c 57.33c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 54.33c 59.00c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 71.67b 77.00b
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 71.00b 77.67b
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/
1 cup/ plant/ week (Recommended Rate) 67.33b 73.33b
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 69.67b 75.00b
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 79.67b 85.67ab
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 92.00a 96.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Gardner (1949) stated that complete fertilizers carry nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium which plants need for optimum growth and development.
Initial Number of Leaves per Plant
Initial number of leaves were significantly differences as shown in Table 2.
Number of Leaves per Plant at Flowering
The number of leaves at flowering is presented in Table 2. Result showed
significant differences on the number of leaves at flowering due to the fertilizer applied.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot + the recommended rate produce more leaves per plant at
flowering stage with a mean of 6.33 leaves per plant while the control produces only 3.33
leaves. Leaf count among the fertilized plants varies from 4.33 to 6.00 leaves per plant four
months after fertilizer application.
This result complements the claims of Mendiola (1976) that nitrogen, when applied
to plants at certain period of their growth cease to produce new branches and leaves or to
increase those already formed.
Table 2. Initial number of leaves per plant and number of leaves per plant at flowering
INITIAL FINAL
LEAVES LEAVES
TREATMENTS
MEAN MEAN
0-0-0 (control) 3.33c 3.33c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 4.00bc 4.33bc
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 3.67bc 4.67abc
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 5.67a 5.67ab
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/
1 cup/plant/week (Recommended rate) 4.67abc 5.67ab
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 4.33abc 5.67ab
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 4.33abc 6.00ab
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 5.00ab 6.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Initial stem thickness (cm)
Table 3 shows that there was significantly difference on the initial stem thickness of
the anthurium plants measured after the application of slow release fertilizer.
Table 3. Initial stem thickness and final stem thickness at flowering (cm)
INITIAL STEM FINAL STEM
THICKNESS THICKNESS
TREATMENTS
MEAN MEAN
(cm) (cm)
0-0-0 (control) 1.10b 1.13c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 1.11b 1.29bc
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 1.57a 1.63ab
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 1.63a 1.69ab
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/
1 cup/ plant/ week (Recommended rate) 1.60a 1.63ab
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 1.62a 1.67ab
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 1.76a 1.85a
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 1.95a 2.05a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Stem Thickness at Flowering (cm)
The effect of the fertilizer applied with regards to the stem thickness at flowering is
shown in Table 3. Application of 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + the recommended rate
produced significantly the thickest stem at flowering which had a mean of 2.05 cm. This
was followed by the plants applied with 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + the recommended
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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rate with a mean of 1.85 cm. Thinnest stem was measured from the control with a mean of
1.13 cm at flowering.
Number of Days from Harvesting of the
First Flower to Flower Bud Formation
of the Second Flower
Results obtained were significantly different with regards to the number of days
from last harvesting to the formation to the next flower based on 1 cm bud size as shown in
Table 4. It was noted that the recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot was the
earliest to initiate flower buds after the last harvest. This was followed by 15g osmocote
15-9-12/ pot with a mean of 10.86 days.
Furthermore, it was noted that control were late flowering at 22.67 days from last
harvest. On the other hand, it is statistically comparable to all other treatments with means
ranging from 12.68 to 17.03 days.
Bautista et.al (1989) stated that each plant or variety has different genetic make-up
that affects the earliness and regularity of flowering.
Mendiola (1958) stated that nitrogen promotes the growth of sexual buds and
flowers.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Table 4. Number of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation
of the second flower
TREATMENTS MEAN
(days)
0-0-0 (control) 22.67a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 14.61ab
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 14.25ab
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 10.86b
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week
(Recommended rate) 15.89ab
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 12.68ab
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 17.03ab
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 9.56b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Number of Days from Visible Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage
Significant differences were observed on the number of days from visible flower
bud formation to harvesting stage as shown in Table 5. Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot were
the earliest to form flower bud and mature with a mean of 58.67 days. However, it is
comparable to plants applied with 10g osmocote/ pot + the recommended rate and
recommended rate of 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week
having a mean of 63.00 days and 64.67 days, respectively. The control was the latest to
form flower bud and mature with a mean of 89.33 days.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Bautista et.al (1983) mentioned that each variety/ plant contains a set of genetic
make-up which determines earliness of bearing and maturity.
Hartman and Kester (1975) reported that during the juvenile phase, the mature
plants begin flowering by responding to various flower induction stimuli. These may be
environmental signals, such as photoperiod (either long or short days) or temperature
regimes (cool or warm).
Darwin (2004) stated that application of osmocote 15-9-12 enhanced earlier number
of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage at 50% anthesis on aster.
Table 5. Number of days from visible flower bud to harvesting stage (3/4) maturity)
TREATMENTS MEAN
(days)
0-0-0 (control) 89.33a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 86.67a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 79.67b
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 69.33cd
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/
1 cup/ plant/ week (Recommended rate) 64.67de
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 73.67bc
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 63.00de
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 58.67e
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Length of Spathe
Length of spathe is presented in Table 6. Statistical analysis showed significantly
differences on the length of spathe as affected by fertilizer application. 15g osmocote 15-9-
12/ pot + the recommended rate had the longest spathe but it is comparable to all fertilized
plants having a mean of 13.53 to 15.53 cm, showing slight differences only. The control
were the shortest having a mean of 10.17 cm.
Results reveal that flower size was likewise affected by the rates of osmocote 15-9-
12 applied alone or in combination with the recommended rate. These findings show the
direct influence of plant nutrition on both vegetative and reproductive growth of plants.
Table 6. Length of spathe (cm)
TREATMENTS MEAN
(cm)
0-0-0 (control) 10.17b
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 13.33a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 15.43a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 15.50a
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plan/ week
(Recommended rate) 15.17a
Recommended rate + 5g osmocot 15-9-12/ pot 15.33a
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 15.33a
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 15.53a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Width of Spathe
Result show that there were no significantly differences from the fertilized plants
ranging a mean of 10.47 to 12.73 cm. Although, plants applied with 15g osmocote 15-9-12/
pot show the widest spathe with a mean of 12.73 cm followed by plants applied osmocote
15-9-12 at 15g/ pot + recommended rate. The control plants had the narrower spathe with a
mean of 6.83 cm.
Table 7. Width of spathe (cm)
TREATMENTS MEAN
(cm)
0-0-0 (control) 6.83b
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 10.47a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 11.43a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 12.73a
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week
(Recommended rate) 12.17a
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 11.80a
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 12.07a
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 12.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Cutflower Stem Length
Table 8 presents the cutflower stem length of anthurium flowers. Statistical analysis
showed no significant differences on the stem length of anthurium flowers at harvest.
Although, among the fertilized plants, those applied with 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot +
recommended rate had the longest cutflower stems measuring 65.00 cm. All other fertilized
plants had longer stems ranging from52.33 cm to 64.33 cm, compared to control having a
mean of 46.00 cm.
Mendiola (1976) said that application of proper amount of nitrogen in plants
encourage stem development.
Table 8. Cutflower stem length (cm)
TREATMENTS MEAN
(cm)
No fertilizer (control) 46.00a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 53.67a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 56.33a
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 64.00a
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week
(Recommended rate) 52.33a
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 64.33a
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 64.33a
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 65.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Sotero (2004) found that 60 g osmocote 18-6-12 significantly promoted vegetative
growths with longest stem cutflower of the Lily of the Nile.
Small Sized Cutflowers
Table 9 shows that there were significant effects of the fertilizer applied with
regards to the cutflower yield particularly on small sized cutflowers. Osmocote 15-9-12 at
15g/ pot + the recommended rate has the highest small sized cutflowers produced with a
mean of 19.33 followed by 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot alone with 17.33. The control
produced 9.33 small sized cutflowers.
Table 9. Small sized cutflowers
TREATMENTS MEAN
0-0-0 (control) 9.33b
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 10.00b
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 12.67ab
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 17.33a
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week
(Recommended rate) 12.67ab
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 14.00ab
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 16.00ab
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 19.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
20
Medium Sized Cutflower
Significantly more medium sized flowers were harvested when applied with 15 g
osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + recommended rate with a mean of 14.00 flowers. However, it was
statistically comparable with the flower production of plants applied with 15g osmocote
15-9-12/ pot alone with a mean of 11.33 flowers.
The least number of flowers were produced by the recommended rate with a mean
of 6.00 medium flowers. However, it was statistically comparable with the control and 5g
osmocote 15-912/ pot alone having a mean of 6.67 and 7.33 flowers, respectively
Table 10. Medium sized cutflowers
TREATMENTS MEAN
0-0-0 (control) 6.67cd
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 7.33cd
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 10.00bc
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 11.33ab
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ I cup/ plant/ week
(Recommended rate) 6.00d
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 7.33cd
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 8.67bcd
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 14.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
21
Large Sized Cutflowers
Table 11 shows that anthurium plants applied with osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot +
recommended rate had the highest large cutflowers with a mean of 6.67 flowers.
Nevertheless, it was statistically comparable with the plants applied with 10g osmocote 15-
9-12/ pot + recommended rate and in 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot alone with means of 6.00
and 5.33 flowers.
The least number of large cutflowers were obtained from the control and 5g
osmocote 15-9-12/ pot alone with a mean of 2.00 flowers.
Table 11. Large sized cutflowers
TREATMENTS MEAN
0-0-0 (control) 2.00c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 5g/ pot 2.00c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 10g/ pot 2.67c
Osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot 5.33ab
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week
(Recommended rate) 3.33bc
Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 2.67bc
Recommended rate + 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 6.00a
Recommended rate + 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot 6.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% DMRT
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
22
Table 12. Cost and return analysis
CUTFLOW GROSS COST OF NET
TREATMENTS
ERS PROD INCOM PRODUCT INCOM
ROI RANK
UCED
E
ION
E
0-0-0 (control)
181
1,032
824
208
25.24 3
5g/ pot osmocote
15-9-12
194
1,104
1,204
-100
-8.3
8
10g/ pot osmocote
15-9-12
254
1,451
1,384
67
4.84
6
15g/ pot osmocote
15-9-12
332
1,926
1,564
362
23.15 4
1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1
tbsp 45-0-0/5 gal
water; 1
cup/plant/week
(recommended rate)
221
1,267
1,004
263
26.19 2
Recommended rate
+ 5g/pot osmocote
15-9-12
241
1,360
1,384
-24
-1.73 7
Recommended rate
+ 10g/ pot osmocote
15-9-12
307
1,802
1,564
238
15.22 5
Recommended rate
+ 15g/ pot osmocote
15-9-12
401
2,346
1,744
602
34.52 1
Cost and Return Analysis
In the cost and return analysis, highest ROI of 34.52% was obtained with the
application of 15g/ pot osmocote 15-9-12 + recommended rate of 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp
45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ plant/ week as shown in table 12.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
23
Plate 1. Overview of the study
Plate 2. 0-0-0 (control)
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
24
Plate 3. 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot
Plate 4. 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
25
Plate 5. 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot
Plate 6. 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week (recommended
Rate)
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
26
Plate 7. Recommended rate + 5g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot
Plate 8. Recommended rate +10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
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Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of osmocote 15-9-12 controlled
release fertilizer on the vegetative, reproductive growth, yield of anthurium; to compare the
effects of osmocote 15-9-12 with the recommended practice of fertilizer application in
relation to the growth, flowering and yield of anthurium; and to determine the economics of
applying osmocote 15-9-12 in anthurium cutflower production. The study was conducted at
Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
from December, 2007 to April, 2008.
Result show that the tallest plants at harvesting stage were measured from those
applied with the rate of osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/ pot + the recommended rate of 1 tbsp 14-
14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week followed by those applied with the
lower rate of 10g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + the recommended rate.
Number of leaves per plant was higher in all fertilized plants compared to the
untreated plants (control), although differences were statistically comparable.
Days to flower bud formation were statistically different in all treatments. Earliest
to form and mature flower bud obtained on plants applied with osmocote 15-9-12 at 15g/
pot + recommended rate. As to number of days from harvesting of the first flower to
formation of the second flower, osmocote 15-9-12 at higher rate of 15g/ pot were earliest to
form flower bud at 1 cm bud size. However, all treatments are statistically comparable.
Cutflower stem length at harvesting stage were not statistically different in all
treatments. However, longer cutflower stem were harvested from palnts applied with 15g
osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + recommended rate with a mean of 65.00 cm.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
29
Longest spathe length were obtained from 15g osmocote 15-9-12/ pot +
recommended rate having a mean of 15.53 cm. The control had the shortest spathe with a
mean of 10.17 m. Widest spathe were recorded on plants applied with fertilizer compared
to the control.
On the other hand, the number of cutflower produced was higher with the
application of higher rates of fertilizer. Result shows that the plants applied with 15g
osmocote 15-9-12/ pot + recommended rate produced the highest number of cutflowers
harvested for the cropping period.
Conclusion
Based on the above findings, it is concluded that application of 15g osmocote 15-9-
12/ pot + 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal water at 1 cup/ plant/ week significantly
improved the vegetative growth, enhanced flowering, highest yield with higher number of
large sized cutflowers and highest ROI.
Recommendation
Based from the preceeding results and discussion, application of osmocote 15-9-12
as a slow release fertilizer at the rate of15g/ pot + 1 tbsp 14-14-14 + 1 tbsp 45-0-0/ 5 gal
water/ 1 cup/ plant/ week is recommended in growing anthurium cv. Kansako cutflower
production to improve the vegetative growth, enhanced flowering, highest yield and highest
ROI.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
30
LITERATURE CITED
.
BAUTISTA, O.K., H.V. Valmayor, P.C. Tabora, R.R. Espino, J.B. Sangalang.1983.
Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. UPLB, Los Banos, Laguna.p 231.
BUYAO,M.C.1994. Integrated Use of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer for the
Cultivition of White Potato. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P.3
CARO, J.M. 1998. Response of Four Anthrium Cultivars to Different Formulations of
Slow Release Fertilizer Osmocote and Multicote.BS Thesis. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-4 and 7-8
DARWIN, A.D. 2004. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Aster as Affected by Different
Rates of Slow Release Fertilizers. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P.28-29
DAY-A, J.M. 1999. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Chrysanthemum as Affected by Slow
Release Fertilizer. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.9.
DONGAEL, J.M. 1999. Growth,Flowering and Flower Quality on Anthurium as Affected
by Different Foliar Fertilizers. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. Pp 1-8-9
ESTONG, G.M. 2005. Growth, Flowering of African violet as Affected by Different Rates
of Slow Release Fertilizer. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P.16
FRENCH, L.B. and R.L. Alsburg. 1989. Comparison of Controlled Fertilizer for the
Production of Rheodendron ‘Anna Rare Whitney’ HortSci 15:91-31
GARDNER, J.R. 1949. Basic Hoticulture. New York: The McMillan Book Co. p.146
JOINER,J. 1982. Foliage Plant Production. New Jersey. Pentrice Hall. P164
LACAY, F.C. 2004. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Rose (Queen Elizabeth) as Affected
by Osmocote plus Controlled Release Fertilizer (15-9-12). BS Thesis.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet,p 21.
LUBIANO, J.S. 200. Identification and Characterization of Abnormalities in Anthurium
Flowers in La Trinidad, Benguet. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet,p 1-4.
MARTIN,L. 1980. Plant Growth and Development. 2nd ed. New Delhi. Tata McMillan
Publishing Co. p.425
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And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
31
MENDIOLA, N.B. 1958. Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Density on Field and Quality of
Cabbage. MS Thesis {Unpub.}. Laguna, University of the Philippine College of
Agriculture, Los Banos, Laguna
MENDIOLA, N.B. 1976. Principles of Crop Production in Southeast Asia. Caloocan City:
United Circ. Inc. p.71
RIMANDO, T.J. 2001. Ornamental Horticulture: A Little Giant in the Tropics. UPLB, Los
Banos, Laguna
SCOTTS, C. 1996. Growing Medium and Fertilization Regime Influence Growth and
Essential Oil Content of Rosemary. HortSci 26:91
SOTERO,A.Y. 2004. Growth,Flowering, and Yield of Lily of the Nile {Agapanthus albus}
as Affected by Slow Release Fertilizer Applications. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet. p.8
TIAGO, Y.C. 2004. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Anthurium ‘Kansako’ as Affected by
Agroblen Controlled Release Fertilizer. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
32
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE 1. Initial height (cm)
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 44 57 61 162 54.00
T2 52 61 50 163 54.33
T3 60 50 77 215 71.67
T4 61 76 76 213 71.00
T5 60 73 69 202 67.33
T6 76 67 66 209 69.67
T7 83 86 70 239 79.67
T8 90 101 85 276 92.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 339.083 169.542
Factor A 7 3269.625 467.089 9.76* 2.77 4.58
Error 14 670.250 47.875
Total 23 4278.958
*- Significant Coefficient of Variation: 9.89%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
33
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Final height at harvesting stage (cm)
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 46 60 66 172 57.33
T2 55 66 56 177 59.00
T3 71 80 80 231 77.00
T4 74 79 80 233 77.67
T5 69 76 75 220 73.33
T6 83 72 70 225 75.00
T7 90 91 76 257 85.67
T8 96 105 88 289 96.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 146.583 73.292
Factor A 7 3452.000 493.143 11.05** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 624.750 44.625
Total 23 4223.333
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 8.89%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
34
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Initial number of leaves per plant
TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 3 4 3 10 3.33
T2 4 5 4 13 4.33
T3 5 5 4 14 4.67
T4 5 7 5 17 5.67
T5 5 5 7 17 5.67
T6 7 5 5 17 5.67
T7 6 7 5 18 6.00
T8 7 6 6 19 6.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 4.000 2.000
Factor A 7 11.625 1.661 2.91* 2.77 4.58
Error 14 8.000 0.571
Total 23 23.625
*- Significant Coefficient of Variation: 8.89%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
35
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Number of leaves per plant at harvesting stage
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 3 4 3 10 3.33
T2 4 5 4 13 4.33
T3 5 5 4 14 4.67
T4 5 7 5 17 5.67
T5 5 5 7 17 5.67
T6 7 5 5 17 5.67
T7 6 7 5 18 6.00
T8 7 6 6 19 6.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 1.583 0.792
Factor A 7 21.292 3.042 3.84* 2.77 4.58
Error 14 11.083 0.792
Total 23 33.958
*-Significant Coefficient of Variation: 17.08%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
36
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Initial stem thickness (cm)
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 1.0 1.19 1.10 3.29 1.097
T2 1.0 1.0 1.35 3.35 1.117
T3 1.64 1.68 1.38 4.7 1.567
T4 1.60 1.57 1.73 4.9 1.633
T5 1.71 1.73 1.36 4.8 1.6
T6 1.68 1.70 1.48 4.86 1.62
T7 1.78 1.98 1.53 5.29 1.763
T8 1.83 1.71 2.31 5.85 1.95
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.009 0.004
Factor A 7 1.839 0.263 6.36** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 0.578 0.041
Total 23 2.426
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 13.17%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
37
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Stem thickness at flowering (cm)
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 1.0 1.25 1.13 3.38 1.127
T2 1.5 1.0 1.38 3.88 1.193
T3 1.75 1.75 1.40 4.9 1.633
T4 1.63 1.63 1.80 5.06 1.687
T5 1.75 1.75 1.40 4.9 1.633
T6 1.75 1.75 1.50 5.0 1.667
T7 2.0 2.1 1.55 5.65 1.883
T8 2.0 1.75 2.40 6.15 2.05
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.043 0.021
Factor A 7 1.784 0.255 5.11** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 0.699 0.050
Total 23 2.526
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 13.82%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
38
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Number of days from harvesting of the 1st flower to formation of
the 2nd
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 44 57 61 162 54.00
T2 1.5 1.0 1.38 3.88 1.193
T3 1.75 1.75 1.40 4.9 1.633
T4 1.63 1.63 1.80 5.06 1.687
T5 1.75 1.75 1.40 4.9 1.633
T6 1.75 1.75 1.50 5.0 1.667
T7 2.0 2.1 1.55 5.65 1.883
T8 2.0 1.75 2.40 6.15 2.05
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.043 0.021
Factor A 7 1.784 0.255 5.11** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 0.699 0.050
Total 23 2.526
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
39
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 13.82%
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Number of days from visible flower bud formation to harvesting
Stage
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 90 90 88 268 89.333
T2 83 90 87 260 86.667
T3 79 75 85 239 79.667
T4 69 64 75 208 69.333
T5 67 63 64 194 64.667
T6 73 69 79 221 73.667
T7 63 64 62 189 63.000
T8 52 58 66 176 58.667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
40
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 83.250 41.625
Factor A 7 2659.958 379.994 24.69** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 215.417 15.387
Total 23 2958.625
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 5.36%
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Length of spathe (cm)
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 10.5 11.5 8.5 30.5 10.17
T2 15.2 12.3 12.5 40.0 13.3
T3 14.0 16.0 16.3 46.3 15.43
T4 16.0 16.5 14.0 46.5 15.5
T5 14.0 14.0 15.0 43.0 14.33
T6 14.3 15.2 16.0 45.5 15.17
T7 15.0 15.0 16.0 46.0 15.33
T8 14.5 15.6 16.5 46.6 16.53
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
41
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.043 0.211
Factor A 7 72.193 10.313 6.91** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 20.904 1.493
Total 23 93.520
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 8.52%
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Width of spathe
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 5.0 9.0 6.5 20.5 6.83
T2 11.4 11.0 9.0 31.4 10.47
T3 10.5 12.8 11.0 34.3 11.43
T4 13.5 12.2 12.5 38.2 12.73
T5 11.0 12.0 13.5 36.5 12.17
T6 12.0 13.0 10.4 35.4 11.8
T7 12.2 12.5 11.5 36.2 12.07
T8 12.2 12.5 13.3 38.0 12.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
42
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 4.381 2.190
Factor A 7 78.503 11.215 8.38** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 18.726 1.338
Total 23 101.610
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 10.26%
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Cutflower stem length at harvesting stage (cm)
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 50 46 42 138 46.00
T2 50 61 50 161 53.67
T3 58 57 54 169 56.33
T4 67 58 67 192 64.00
T5 64 67 56 187 62.33
T6 73 64 56 193 64.33
T7 72 65 56 193 64.33
T8 68 71 56 195 65.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
43
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 175.750 87.875
Factor A 7 1087.167 155.310 2.26ns 2.77 4.58
Error 14 963.583 68.827
Total 23 2226.500
Ns-not significant Coefficient of Variation: 14.24%
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Small sized cutflowers
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 6 12 10 28 9.33
T2 10 12 8 30 10.00
T3 14 12 12 38 12.67
T4 22 14 16 52 17.33
T5 10 16 12 38 12.67
T6 14 10 18 42 14.00
T7 19 15 14 48 16.00
T8 22 22 14 58 19.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
44
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 11.083 5.542
Factor A 7 254.500 36.357 3.18* 2.77 4.58
Error 14 160.250 11.446
Total 23 425.833
*-Significant Coefficient of Variation: 24.31%
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Medium sized cutflowers
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 4 8 8 20 6.67
T2 7 8 7 22 7.33
T3 12 10 8 30 10.00
T4 12 10 12 34 11.33
T5 6 5 7 18 6.00
T6 8 8 6 22 7.33
T7 12 8 6 26 8.67
T8 12 14 16 42 14.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
45
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.583 0.292
Factor A 7 154.500 22.071 5.86** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 52.750 3.768
Total 23 207.833
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 21.77%
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Large sized cutflowers
TREATMENTS REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
T1 2 2 2 6 2.00
T2 2 2 2 6 2.00
T3 2 2 4 8 2.67
T4 4 6 6 16 5.33
T5 2 6 2 10 3.33
T6 2 4 2 8 2.67
T7 6 6 6 18 6.00
T8 8 4 8 20 6.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
46
SOURCE DEGREES SUM OF MEAN F TABULATED F
OF OF SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM 0.05 0.01
Replication 2 1.333 0.667
Factor A 7 74.000 10.571 5.29** 2.77 4.58
Error 14 28.000 2.000
Total 23 103.333
**-Highly significant Coefficient of Variation: 36.89%
Effect Of Osmocote 15-9-12 On The Growth, Flowering
And Yield Of Anthurium Cv. Kansako / Jelyn S. Badival. 2008
Document Outline
- Effect of Osmocote 15-9-12 on theGrowth, Flowering and Yield of Anthurium cv. Kansako.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- The Plant
- Growing Medium
- Effect of Fertilizer on Plant Growth
- Effect of Slow Release Fertilizer
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Initial Height
- Final Height at Harvesting Stage (3/4 maturity)
- Initial Number of Leaves per Plant
- Number of Leaves per Plant at Flowering
- Initial stem thickness (cm)
- Stem Thickness at Flowering (cm)
- Number of Days from Harvesting of theFirst Flower to Flower Bud Formationof the Second Flower
- Number of Days from Visible Flower BudFormation to Harvesting Stage
- Length of Spathe
- Width of Spathe
- Cutflower Stem Length
- Small Sized Cutflowers
- Medium Sized Cutflower
- Large Sized Cutflowers
- Cost and Return Analysis
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES